CINXE.COM

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r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,S,Se,Oe,O,M,ot,ut,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <title>Poverty as an Adverse Childhood Experience | Published in North Carolina Medical Journal</title> <base href="/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://assets.scholasticahq.com/assets/favicon-575713edd1dc0dd5811bbc1b7893cf299318af3d22bc8e863eae37a7d61f7ebb.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.scholasticahq.com/dist/journal-website/styles.39e00957841c1f9a.css"> <meta itemprop="name" content="Poverty as an Adverse Childhood Experience | Published in North Carolina Medical Journal"> <meta name="description" content="By Michelle Hughes, Whitney Tucker. Research demonstrates the correlation between childhood adversities linked to poverty and negative outcomes in adulthood, indicating that poverty may itself be considered an adverse childhood experience. Because child poverty is..."> <meta itemprop="description" content="By Michelle Hughes, Whitney Tucker. Research demonstrates the correlation between childhood adversities linked to poverty and negative outcomes in adulthood, indicating that poverty may itself be considered an adverse childhood experience. Because child poverty is..."> <meta name="author" content="Michelle Hughes, Whitney Tucker"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Poverty as an Adverse Childhood Experience | Published in North Carolina Medical Journal"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NCMedJ"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/55046/medium/watercolors-large-48.jpg?1667921137"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="By Michelle Hughes, Whitney Tucker. Research demonstrates the correlation between childhood adversities linked to poverty and negative outcomes in adulthood, indicating that poverty may itself be considered an adverse childhood experience. Because child poverty is..."> <meta property="og:title" content="Poverty as an Adverse Childhood Experience | Published in North Carolina Medical Journal"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/55046/medium/watercolors-large-48.jpg?1667921137"> <meta property="og:description" content="By Michelle Hughes, Whitney Tucker. Research demonstrates the correlation between childhood adversities linked to poverty and negative outcomes in adulthood, indicating that poverty may itself be considered an adverse childhood experience. Because child poverty is..."> <meta name="citation_title" content="Poverty as an Adverse Childhood Experience"> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="article-journal"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="NCIOM, The Duke Endowment"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="North Carolina Medical Journal"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="79"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.18043/ncm.79.2.124"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="North Carolina Medical Journal"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="124"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="126"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2018/3/1"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Michelle Hughes"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Whitney Tucker"> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Research demonstrates the correlation between childhood adversities linked to poverty and negative outcomes in adulthood, indicating that poverty may itself be considered an adverse childhood experience. 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2018</a></span><span class="published-date ng-star-inserted"><tk-timestamp format="LONG_DATE"><span>March 01, 2018 EDT</span></tk-timestamp></span><h1 id="article-title"><tk-markdown inline="true"><div class="tk-markdown">Poverty as an Adverse Childhood Experience</div></tk-markdown></h1><div class="authors"><span article-author="" class="single-author ng-star-inserted" _nghost-ng-c3605068555=""><span _ngcontent-ng-c3605068555="" class="white ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3605068555="" href="#" class="author-name">Michelle Hughes</a><span _ngcontent-ng-c3605068555="" class="comma">, </span></span></span><span article-author="" class="single-author ng-star-inserted" _nghost-ng-c3605068555=""><span _ngcontent-ng-c3605068555="" class="white ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3605068555="" href="#" class="author-name">Whitney Tucker</a><span _ngcontent-ng-c3605068555="" class="comma last">, </span></span></span><tk-side-panel keydown="test"><div class="cd-panel from-right" 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class="info-bar-content medium-12 columns" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="row"><div class="medium-9 columns"><div class="journal serif"><a routerlink="/" href="/" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">North Carolina Medical Journal</a></div><div id="article-citation" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><tk-citation _nghost-ng-c3849761673=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3849761673="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3849761673="" class="rendered-citation ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3849761673=""><div class="csl-entry">Hughes, Michelle, and Whitney Tucker. 2018. “Poverty as an Adverse Childhood Experience.” <i>North Carolina Medical Journal</i> 79 (2): 124–26. <a class="cite-link" href="https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.79.2.124">https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.79.2.124</a>.</div></div></div></div></tk-citation></div></div><div class="medium-2 columns end"></div></div></div></div></article-info-bar><div class="row article-body"><div class="medium-6 medium-offset-3 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{"id":2875,"name":"North Carolina Medical Journal","description":"![Description of pic](https://nciom.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DigTransitionImage.jpg)\n\nThe North Carolina Medical Journal was founded in 1849 by the North Carolina Medical Society. Since 2002, the journal has been copublished by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. Peer-reviewed articles and letters to the editor are published on a rolling basis, and are read by a wide range of health care professionals, policy makers, government officials, business executives, educators, researchers, and interested lay people.\n\nMajor funding support for the NCMJ comes from The Duke Endowment. \n\nBibliographic citations and abstracts of articles published in the NCMJ are searchable via PubMed.\n\nISSN 0029-2559\n\n\n\n**STAFF**\n **Ronny A. Bell, PhD**\nEditor in Chief\nUNC\n\n**Peter J. Morris, MD, MPH, MDiv**\nEditor Emeritus\nUrban Ministries of Wake County\n\n **Nathan A. Boucher, DrPH**\n Scientific Editor\n Duke University\n \n **Adam J. Zolotor, MD, DrPH**\n Scientific Editor\n UNC, AHEC\n\n**Ruby Brinkerhoff, MS**\nAssistant Managing Editor\nemail: ruby_brinkerhoff@nciom.org\n\n \n**PUBLISHERS**\n**Michelle Ries, MPH**\nCo-publisher\nNorth Carolina Institute of Medicine\n\n **Rhett N. Mabry, MHA**\nCo-publisher\nThe Duke Endowment\n\n **Kathy Colville, MSW, MSPH**\nPublisher Emeritus\nNorth Carolina Institute of Medicine\n \n**Linwood B. Hollowell III**\nAssociate Editor\nThe Duke Endowment\n\n**Mark Holmes, PhD**\nAssociate Editor\nUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\n\n**EDITORIAL BOARD**\n\n**Rebecca Brothers, MPH**\nImpact Officer, Dogwood Health Trust\n\n**Mary Beth Cox, MPH**\nSubstance Use Epidemiologist, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh\n\n**Marian Earls, MD**\nPediatric Practice Consultant, Greensboro\n\n**Kelly Graves, PhD**\nExecutive Director \u0026 Co-Founder, Kellin Foundation, Greensboro \n\n**Beverly A. Gray, MD**\nAssociate Professor \u0026 Residency Program Director, Duke OB/GYN, Durham\n\n**David Jacobs, MD**\nMedical Director, Trauma Services, Atrium Health, Charlotte\n\n**Deepak Kumar, PhD**\nDirector, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Durham\n\n**Jeremy Moseley, MPH**\nAssociate Vice President, FaithHealth Division, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem\n\n**Belinda Pettiford, MPH**\nBranch Head, Women's Health, NC Division of Public Health, Raleigh\n\n**James Powers, DO, FACEP, FAAEM**\nInterim Dean and Chief Academic Officer, Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek\n\n**Danny Scalise, MPH, MBA**\nPublic Health Director, Burke County Health Department, Morganton\n\n**Chris Shank**\nPresident and CEO, The North Carolina Community Health Center Association, Raleigh\n\n**Maggie Sugg, PhD**\nAssociate Professor \u0026 Department Honors Director, Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone\n\n**Wanda Wright, RN, DDS, MS, MSD**\nAssistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, ECU","short_description":"The North Carolina Medical Journal publishes original research and health policy analysis of relevance to North Carolinians.","editorial_board":"**Rebecca Brothers, MPH**\nImpact Officer, Dogwood Health Trust\n\n**Mary Beth Cox, MPH**\nSubstance Use Epidemiologist, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh\n\n**Marian Earls, MD**\nPediatric Practice Consultant, Greensboro\n\n**Kelly Graves, PhD**\nExecutive Director \u0026 Co-Founder, Kellin Foundation, Greensboro \n\n**Beverly A. Gray, MD**\nAssociate Professor \u0026 Residency Program Director, Duke OB/GYN, Durham\n\n**David Jacobs, MD**\nMedical Director, Trauma Services, Atrium Health, Charlotte\n\n**Deepak Kumar, PhD**\nDirector, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Durham\n\n**Jeremy Moseley, MPH**\nAssociate Vice President, FaithHealth Division, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem\n\n**Belinda Pettiford, MPH**\nBranch Head, Women's Health, NC Division of Public Health, Raleigh\n\n**James Powers, DO, FACEP, FAAEM**\nInterim Dean and Chief Academic Officer, Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek\n\n**Danny Scalise, MPH, MBA**\nPublic Health Director, Burke County Health Department, Morganton\n\n**Chris Shank**\nPresident and CEO, The North Carolina Community Health Center Association, Raleigh\n\n**Maggie Sugg, PhD**\nAssociate Professor \u0026 Department Honors Director, Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone\n\n**Wanda Wright, RN, DDS, MS, MSD**\nAssistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, ECU","submission_guidelines":"![Description of pic](https://nciom.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DigTransitionImage.jpg)\n\nPlease note that the NCMJ follows the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.\n\nLearn about the responsibilities of being a journal author here: (https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html) \n\nLearn about conflicts of interest here: (https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/author-responsibilities--conflicts-of-interest.html) \n\nLearn about ethical guidelines for peer reviwers here: (https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers-cope.pdf)\n\n**Submitting original research articles for peer review:**\nThe NCMJ is interested in publishing well-written, high-quality scientific studies relevant to the health and well-being of the citizens of North Carolina that inform health and health care practice and policy. NCMJ generally accepts qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods observational and clinical/community trial research studies as well as secondary data analyses and systematic literature reviews. We generally do not accept case studies/case reports unless a compelling case can be made that the topic aligns with our journal’s goals, that the discussion is evidence-based and thorough, and that the details of the case(s) presented are relevant to health care providers in North Carolina.\n\n_Please follow the guidelines below when preparing and submitting an original clinical or health research, systematic review, or case report/series manuscript._\n\n** Format.** Prepare your manuscript as a Microsoft Word file using a standard font.\n**Length.** Limit your article to 3,000 words excluding the abstract, references, tables, and figures. The abstract is limited to 250 words. Original articles are limited to 5 tables/figures.\n**Order of Parts.** Include the following elements in the manuscript in this order: title, author information, abstract, body text, acknowledgments, references, tables, and figure legends. Include tables in the Word document, but submit each figure as a separate file (see below).\n**Author Information.** Specify the names, highest degree(s) earned, and full institutional affiliations (including city and state) for all authors. Also list contact information (ie, postal and email addresses) for the corresponding author.\n**Abstract.** Include a structured abstract of up to 250 words. The abstract should have 5 elements: background, method, results, limitations, and conclusion.\n**Acknowledgments.** State sources of financial support and any potential conflicts of interest for each author. If an author has no relevant conflicts, that too should be stated.\n**References.** Format references using AMA style. Reference numbers should be placed in brackets at the end of the sentence (or within the sentence after mention of the source). Number references in the order in which they are cited in the text; references cited only in tables or figures legends should be numbered as though cited at the point where the table or figure is first mentioned. Do not use Microsoft Word’s endnote or footnote feature to link citations with references. Please provide references when they are needed, but also try to keep the reference list to a reasonable length; most original articles require no more than 40 references.\n**Tables.** Prepare tables with the Microsoft Word table editor only. Do not use tabs or hard returns in the table. Provide a title for each table, state all units explicitly, and define all abbreviations in a note. Limit 5 figures/tables.\n**Figure Title and Legends.** Define all figure titles and legends at the end of the manuscript Word document. This includes axis labels, units, abbreviation definitions, and figure source. Do not place actual figures at the end of the word document. See below for instructions on figure submissions.\n**Figures.** Submit figures as digital files. The file format should be Vector format (AI, EPS, SVG or WMF); high-resolution PDFs, TIFFs and JPEGs are also accepted. Resolution should be 1,200 dpi for graphs and 600 dpi for photographs. All figures and images will be printed in greyscale. Each figure must be a separate file named to match its number in the text (eg, fg1.eps). Place figure titles and legends at the end of the Word document, not in the figure file. Label the axes, state all units explicitly, and define all abbreviations. GIFs and PNGs are for the web and cannot be used for printing. Limit 5 figures/tables.\n\n**Submitting a letter of correspondence:**\nReaders are invited to engage in further dialogue following publication of each issue of the NCMJ. Letters may offer divergent viewpoints or additional perspectives on a featured topic, or they may address topics or issues not presented in the NCMJ. Please limit your correspondence to 400 words, include citations where necessary, and disclose any relevant interests. Please submit correspondence to ruby_brinkerhoff@nciom.org.","config":{"law_review_submission_pool_participant":false,"days_for_reviewer_deadline":14,"hide_progress_from_author":false,"allow_expedited_decision_requests":true,"expedite_request_email_recipients":["assigned_editor","journal",205500],"publication_offers_enabled":false,"article_pdf_theme":"single_column","article_pdf_display_journal_name":true,"article_pdf_show_page_numbers":true,"article_pdf_display_issue_info":true,"allow_authors_to_suggest_reviewers_to_avoid":true,"allow_authors_to_suggest_recommended_reviewers":true,"collect_demographic_information":true,"display_demographic_information":true,"automatically_assign_editors":[354090,194352],"automatically_invite_reviewers":[],"automatically_invite_reviewers_rounds":1,"blind":"double_blind","publish_as_arxiv_overlay_journal":false,"submissions_suspended_message":"This journal is not currently accepting 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Slifkin","Pam Silberman","Victoria Freeman","medicaid","North Carolina Health Choice","dental care","child healthcare","healthcare access","Remy R. Coeytaux","Heather M. Gillespie","Jay S. Kaufman","Christianna Williams","Philip D. Sloane","racial disparities in health","family practice","Roger T. Anderson","Kathleen Dziak","Jeffery McBride","Anita C. Hege","Frank M. Torti","continuing medical education programs","cancer care","primary care physicians","Ronny A. Bell","Vanessa T. Duren-Winfield","Joseph C. Konen","David C. Goff","diabetes care","project IDEAL","Satomi Imai","Christopher J. Mansfield","disparities","motor vehicle crash fatalities","young drivers","Siobhan E. Colgan","Bron Skinner","Caroline Mage","Kathryn Kramer","Julea Steiner","Ann H. Staples","business policies","secondhand smoke exposure","Sohini Sengupta","Giselle Corbie-Smith","Angela Thrasher","Ronald P. Strauss","African American health","African American elder perceptions","influenza vaccine","Durham","Susan Saik","Brian B. Sheitman","Scott Mann","Walter W. Stelle","James W. Osberg","medical care","state psychiatric hospitals","Suzanne DePalma Morrison","Sonya F. Sutton","Felicia E. Mebane","newspaper coverage","100% tobacco free schools campaign","Vergil N. Slee","Debora Slee","H. Joachim Schmidt","EMR","diagnosis code","Electronic Medical Record","William A. Burke","David C. Griffith","Christopher M. Scott","Eric R. Howell","skin problems","commercial fishing","health and safety","occupational hazards","William R. Carpenter","Laura M. Beskow","Deborah E. Blocker","Michael J. Forlenza","Annice E. Kim","Eric S. Pevzner","John M. Rose","Anh N. Tran","Kelly H. Webber Karen Knight Michael S O'Malley","Articles","Harold D. Thomas","Charles Maynard","Galen S. Wagner","Eric L. Eisenstein","practice based models","Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goals","clinic model results","Shari Barkin","Rajesh Balkrishnan","Janeen Manuel","Mark A. Hall","language immersion","communication","Latino healthcare","Latino wellbeing","Latino patients","data","workforce","equity","oncology","cancer","algorithm development","clinical decision support","UNC","baby formula","formula shortage","WIC","big data","geriatric oncology","research","Wake Forest School of Medicine","call for applications","eastern north carolina","hematology","cancer disparities","atrium health","wake forest baptist comprehensive cancer center","vanderbilt university medical center","cancer prevention","hpv","hpv vaccine","immunization","Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center","UNC Chapel Hill","Thomas C. Shea","UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center","cancer research","philanthropy","tissue specimens","cardiovascular","unc chapel hill","stroke","causes of death","covid-19","erin kent","neal a dejong","harold barnette","sue deaton","karen appert","david y ming","care management","ethics","child and family services","child protective services","pediatrics","child health","Charlene Wong","Kenya McNeal-Trice","mental health","COVID-19","early care and education","child trauma","ACEs","Christine Lysaght","Shiv Patil","Jamie Messenger","Kay Craven","interprofessional diabetes clinic team","interprofessional collaboration","primary care","teamwork","collaborative practice","CMS","Medicaid","Appendix K","Innovations Waiver","Commentaries","Lanaya Cunningham","hydration programs","quality of care","long term care","Ted W. Goins","food systems","nutrition","Commentary","Aaron McKethan","economic development","Adam G. Searing","affordable healthcare coverage","uninsured","insurance coverage","safety net healthcare","Adam J. Zolotor","Brenda McAdams Motsinger","Desmond K. Runyan","Catherine (Kay) Sanford","child maltreatment surveillance system","child maltreatment","Tobacco","tobacco control","policy making","Smoking cessation","Adam Searing","prescription drugs","drug costs","prescription pricing","consumer perspectives","Alexandra Farrow","workplace-focused","health promotion programs","wellness in the workplace","United Kingdom","Ireland","Alice Ammerman","May May Leung","David Cavallo","obesity epidemic","Alma S. Adams","Roxanna Anderson","Youth","smoking cessation","tobacco issues","teen health","policy","Amy C. Denham","Janet Dail","cancer assistance unit","resources for low-income uninsured patients with cancer","Anita A. Brown","Hospital related nursing programs","nursing programs","Anne B. Rogers","NC Healthsmart","state health plan","chronic kidney disease","chronic disease","nephrology","Anne H. Skelly","self-care","diabetes self management training","nursing","perspective","point of view","Anne Thomas","Sheila Davies","school systems","substance abuse","substance abuse prevention","preventative healthcare","Anthony N. Galanos","palliative care","hospital care","growing need for palliative care","care units","Arlene C. Sena","Marcia Hobbs","Sexually Transmitted Diseases","STDs","STD testing","best practice","Barbara Morales Burke","managed care","managed care regulation","public policy","small employer health insurance","health insurance","Barbara Pullen Smith","health disparities","healthcare challenge","Barbara Pullen-Smith","Public health initiatives","prevention","Barbara Starfield","Leiyu Shi","Barb Bisset","roles of hospitals","influenza pandemic","epidemiology","pandemic response","Becky A. Wrisley","child maltreatment prevention","Benjamin E. Birken","Laura A. Linnan","worksite health promotion programs","implementation challenges","workplace health programs","Beth L. Jonas","rheumatoid arthritis","arthritis treatment","Beth Rowe-West","Amy Caruso","immunizations","north carolina schools","Betsy J. Walsh","Judy Jones Tisdale","donations","Betsy Vetter","advocating for healthcare","healthcare","advocacy","Beverly A. Speroff","Karen H. Davis","Kristen L. Dehr","Kate N. Larkins","dining experience","nursing homes","Beverly Eaves Perdue","health and wellness","trust fund","prescription drug programs","prescription medication","Bob W. Bailey","federal policy","emergency medical services","Bonnie Cramer","aging Americans agent for change","Bonnie Hogue Duffy","Alzheimer's Association","National Policy Agenda","Bonnie Rogers","Workplace health promotion","worksite health promotion","professional staff","Brad Allen","policy forum","north carolina senior games","Brenda L. Cleary","North Carolina Center for Nursing","Nursing workforce","workforce issues","Brenda M. DeVellis","Robert F. DeVellis","Brent Myers","medical oversight","Candace A. Roberts","designing spaces","C. Annette DuBard","Jennifer Cockerham","Community care","medical home approach","physician's view","safety net","Carl C. Van Cott","emergency medical communication","Carmen Hooker Odom","Torlen Wade","DHHS","Department of Health and Human Services","Medicaid Pharmacy Management Strategy","Carol Duncan Clayton","engagement","local engagement","systems change","terms of engagement","federal community mental health intiative","Carol Teal","direct care workers","quality indicators","long-term care","consumer's perspective","client perspective","Catherine O. Ahrendsen","Teepa Snow","Alzheimer's disease","family caregivers","faith in action","Cathy L. Melvin","infant survival","birthing","evidence-based action","tobacco exposure","pregnancy care","Charles E. Trado","pain management","North Carolina Medical Board","Charles F. Willson","G. Hadley Callaway","evidence based medicine","medicine","Cheryl Healton","tobacco","American Legacy Foundation","Christine O’Meara","SIDS","SIDS reduction","Christine Ryan","patient's bill of rights","accountability in health care","patient rights","Christine Urso","Christopher M. Herman","physician's perspective","Cindy Craven","Tammi Mengel","Martha Barham","school-to-work","workforce model","transition","education","Cindy H. DePorter","food service","long term care facilities","food service regulation","Craig Souza","Polly Godwin Welsh","workforce crisis","direct care","retainment","Curtis W. Dickson","Janet G. Alexander","Barbara H. Earley","Erin K. Riddle","Northeastern North Carolina Partnership","Northeastern North Carolina","Cynda Ann Johnson","kidney disease","primary care practice","PCP","D. Alden Smith","E. Benjamin Money","Community health centers","healthcare disparities","community health","Damon M. Seils","racial and ethnic differences","access to healthcare","perceptions","Dana M. Hagele","child development","Darren A. DeWalt","low health literacy","epidemiology and interventions","Dave Tayloe","school health","David H. Chenoweth","workplace health promotion","David K. Jones","Kenisha Bethea","cancer treatment","cancer resources","sidebar","North Carolina's schools","public school system","health","David R. Moore","high risk insurance pools","David W. Hoyle","prostate cancer","personal reflection","Debbie Mann Gibbs","minority perspective","minority donation","Dee Leahman","Patient Self Determination Act","policy failure","Dee W. Edington","beneficiaries of employee health promotion","health and wellness programs","Deidra Hall","Celeste Castillo Lee","Denise G. Brewster","Mary Altpeter","public health partnerships","improving health","Denise Levis","Mental health integration","community care","Dennis R. Barry","Brian Romig","medication","policy issue","global policy issue","healthcare costs","Dennis Streets","Leah Devlin","Tiffany E. Shubert","north carolina's roadmap","Dennis W. Streets","practitioner patient communication","children","North Caorlina","Michael W. Roberts","William F. Vann","access to dental care","Donald D. Hensrud","overweight","clinician's perspective","Donald E. Pathman","Physicians training expenses","exchange for service","physician training","Don Chaplin","access to care","North Carolina Medical Society","solutions","fair access","Donna Breitenstein","healthful living education","Donna H. Harward","Ronald J. Falk","Kidney care prevention program","disease prevention","innovative approach","Sidebar","Kidney Education Outreach Program","Doug Paletta","tobacco free schools","school policy","Drew Bridges","reform","healthcare reform","reform in action","Drexdal Pratt","EMS legislation","Edwin L. Hartman","Janice Woodard","Carol Patterson","Joanne M. Jordan","Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project","osteoarthritis","community-university partnership","population-based research","advanced practice registered nurses","reinventing the wheel","E. Kiernan McGorty","Rosemarie Tong","Natasha Harrison","Mark Holmes","ethical guidelines","Ellen Caylor Schneider","older adult falls","fall prevention","Eric A. Finkelstein","Derek S. Brown","private sector","underinvestment","obesity prevention","obesity treatment","Eric M. Wallen","localized prostate cancer","surgical approaches","Erin P. Fraher","specialty practitioners","rural and underserved counties","Erin Russell","communities responding to aging society","community response","Ernest Holcomb","accountability means quality","Esi Morgan DeWitt","Medication safety","children with arthritis","E. Stephen Edwards","insurance","insurance for children","Ethical and Judicial Affairs Committee North Carolina Medical Society","Physician and family decision making","end-of-life care","long term feeding tube placement","Evelyn M. Foust","Public health","North carolina","STD epidemic","sexually transmitted disease","Fidel A. Valea","human papillomavirus testing","precancerous lesions","cervical cancer","HPV","Francis A. Neelon","deadly sins","weight","Frederick L. Greene","Terry Sarantou","Leopold M. Waldenberg","Fred M. Eckel","drug use","cost of drugs","systematic issues","drug use system","Gail S. Marion","Sonia J. Crandall","Frank Celestino","William McCann","Julienne Kirk","patient centered communication skills","medical education","practice model","Gary Bowers","Teck Penland","Joseph F. Damore","potential for medical school expansion","Western North Carolina","George C. Stokes","Nancy S. Henley","Casey Herget","culture of wellness","George F. Bond","Wanda L. Sandelé","public health departments","healthcare funding","George Johnson","George L. Saunders","Thea Monet","eliminated injustice","disadvantaged populations","pandemics","Gerald A. Rudisill","pandemic influenza","consequences","Gerald B. Hickson","A. Dale Jenkins","communication failures","malpractice claims","Gillian K. Baker","Alan T. McKenzie","Paul B. Harrison","Local physicians","uninsured population","innovative models","community models","Giselle M. Corbie-Smith","minority recruitment","participation in health research","health research","Gordon H. DeFriese","Carol C. Hogue","coda","where have we been","Greg Griggs","Marie Shelton","preventative measures","physical health","Gregg S. Margolis","emergency medical services education","Greg Mears","EMS information systems","medical information systems","Gregory F. Schimizzi","Rheumatology","Gretchen M. Bataille","Alan R. Mabe","University of North Carolina System","Nursing","health insurance coverage","Latino population","Latinx","health literacy","Sandra J. Diehl","adult education","life skills","life saving","Heather D. Pope","active children policy","healthy active children","Heidi K. White","Helen H. Savage","affordability","consumer issues","healthcare challenges","Henrietta J. Zalkind","Pat W. Allen","community based organization","grassroots organization","strengthening families","Henry E. Wang","Paramedic endotracheal intubation","Jane H. Brice","out-of-hospital emergency medical services","H. Harvin Quidas","Twilla Chavis","Aimee D. Kepler","Nancy Murphy","Ombudsman Perspectives","the dining experience","nursing home","H. Martin Lancaster","community college nursing programs","nursing education","H. Nolo Martinez","health information","English as a second language","health communication","H. Nolo Martínez","Andrea Bazán Manson","Irene M. Hamrick","Laurie Kennedy-Malone","Beth E. Barba","health care for aging North Carolinians","educational initiatives","geriatrics","Jack E. Rodman","Jill Rosenblum","healthcare employment","healthcare marketplace","James T. McDeavitt","Kara C. King","Carolinas Medical Center Academic Infrastructure","Physician Workforce Expansion","James W. Davis","Health and Wellness","Health and Wellness Trust Fund commission","J. Andrew Hartsfield","pharmaceutical companies","healthcare safety net","Roy L. Alson","emergency preparedness","Janelle A. Rhyne","ethical","legal","professional challenges","Jaya K. Rao","alternative medicine","J. Douglas Yarbrough","healthcare system","critique","system failure","Jeanne M. Lambrew","Heartland's Heartstrings","rural health advocacy","Washington","Jeffrey S. Spade","hospital emergency department","community healthcare","J. Elizabeth Tuttle-Newhall","transplant center","organ donation","Jennifer Hastings","Meg van Staveren","Rachel Bikoff","Julie Knaack","Meg Molloy","Jennifer M. Childress","Garry M. Lindsay","workplace health promotion programs","national investment in health promotion","health in the workplace","wellness programs","Jerry Cooper","reinforcement","commitment","J. George Reed","pandemic flu","faith groups","Jill Moore","pandemic","isolation","quarantine","outbreak","disease containment","Jim Mitchell","Gerontology consortium","continuing education initiative","J. Lloyd Michener","new models of care","building medical homes","empowered communities","J. Luckey Welsh","employers","nursing workforce","local solutions","local problem solving","community and environmental factors","Joe L. Holliday","Medicaid expansion","Medicaid income eligibility","family planning","reproductive outcomes","lower medicaid costs","healthcare coverage","John A. Gale","David Lambert","mental healthcare","rural communities","John B. Winfield","pain and arthritis","John Feldmann","Carrie Lee","James N. Atkins","T. Flint Gray","cancer clinical trials","John H. Frank","access issues","primary dental care","John Morrow","local pandemic response","local planning","politics","John N. Williams","dental care access","economics of dental practice","improving access","John R. Mangum","Conrad L. Flick","disease management approaches","quality improvement","disease management","John W. Stamm","Dentist Workforce","Jonathan H. Marks","direct-to-consumer","advertising","United states","prescription drug advertising","Jonathan Oberlander","medicare","medical costs","Jon Kerin","business preparation","disease","complex care","Judith Lund Person","hospice care","healthcare needs","vital services","Julie Landon","organ donor","organ recepient","Justine Strand","Nancy M. Short","Elizabeth G. Korb","nurse-midwives","nurse practitioners","Karen D. Stallings","Thomas J. Bacon","health professions education","new opportunities","Karen L. Knight","Melissa Pearson","Wendy Tingle","Nora Landry","Tara Lewis","Eileen Morgan","Cathy Rimmer","cancer registry profession","Karisa Derence","dementia","caregiver support","effective caregiving","Kate T. Queen","physician extenders","rheumatology","Kathleen M. Hayden","health and the aging brain","Kathryn A. Lanier","eliminating health disparities","native-born minority older adults","Kathryn M. Kolasa","Sarah Henes","Catherine Sullivan","clinical practice","Kay Flaminio","consumer and family perspective","mental health system reform","system design","consumer perspective","family","Kay Phillips","teen pregnancy","Keith G. Meador","spiritual care","end-of-life","Kenneth A. Dodge","child abuse","protection against child abuse","Kevin K. McGinnis","EMS communication systems","Kris E. Gaston","Raj S. Pruthi","racial differences in prostate cancer","poverty","Michelle F. Jones","patient centered care","Pharmacy costs","NC Medicaid program","nursing home quality","critical indicators","Larry Chapman","employee participation in workplace health promotion","health incentives","workforce health programs","Larry Chewning","Jeff Spade","rural hospitals","rural physicians","physician workforce challenges","rural medical providers","small businesses","worksite wellness","action","law review","law on dying","Anne Dellinger","Aimee Wall","the public health challenge","Leah M. Devlin","Marilyn K. Asay","student health needs","school safety net","Linda E. Jordan","Linda Harrill Rudisill","teaching health","Lisa P. Gwyther","family caregiving","family care","alzheimer's disease","L. Lane Sarver","housing availability","community based mental health services","community services","consumer","mental healthcare reform","Lloyd G. Millstein","medication advertising","Lloyd Jordan","increasing donations","life saving donations","Nadine A. Pfeiffer","Denise A. Rogers","Michelle R. Roseman","Leslie C. Jarema","Aimee Reimann","Debbie Combs-Jones","LuAnn Heinen","employer concerns","employee programs","Lynne A. Sampson","incarcerated population","STD intervention","Lynn Erdman","Walter L. Shepherd","Manzoor Choudr","the north carolina cancer plan","Lynt B. Johnson","minority populations","increasing donation rates","Mahyar Mofidi","Dentist participation in Medicaid","underserved population","M. Alec Parker","dental insurance","dentally uninsured","doctor-patient communication","dental office","M. Anita P. Holmes","the Faith Agenda","health promotion","General Baptist State convention of north carolina","Marcia E. Herman-Giddens","Thomas J. Vitaglione","child abuse homicides","military families","Marci K. Campbell","Deborah Mayer","Amy Abernethy","Suzanne Carroll","cancer survivorship","Ashley Bell","cancer policy","public health agenda","Mike Newton-Ward","public awareness","patient-practitioner communication","Margaret L. Gulley","public policy recommendations","molecular laboratory tests","Margaret P. Elliott","prescriptions","prescription availability","Marguerite Donoghue Baxter","flu vaccine","vaccine manufacturing","Maria Ferris","Uptal D Patel","Susan Massengill","Debbie S. Gipson","William “Gus” Conley","J. Bradley Layton","Shashi Nagaraj","William Primack","Pediatrics","Marian F. Earls","primary healthcare","prevention of child maltreatment","role of primary healthcare providers","Latinos","immigrants","Judyta Misiurek","Srinivas R. Chadaram","Christine E. Marx","Roger Madison","new developments in proteomics","proteomics","Martha L. Taylor","Burgin Ross","Carinthia A. Cherry","obesity in older adults","north carolina health care professionals","policy makers","Mary Ann Abrams","Barb Earles","consent process","patient understanding","medical consent","Mary Champagne","university nursing programs","Mary Lou Moore","preterm birth","birth","Mary N. Watson","special education","Matthew J. Snyder","specialized testing","hemtopoietic disorders aids diagnosis","prognosis","Melissa B. Miller","molecular diagnosis of infectious disease","infectious diseases","Melissa Packer","April Oxendine","Karen Woodell","Syphilis","Robeson County","Syphilis infection","sex work","sexual health","STD prevention","Merle Green","Jonathan Paul Lucas","Guilford County","Syphilis elimination program","People Stopping Syphilis Today","PSST","Michael D. Murray","medication instruction","pharmacists","Michael Hubble","baccalaureate emergency medical services education","Michael H. Weinstein","Pathology","diagnosis","cancer therapy","Michael J. Lewis","D. Gregory Chadwick","F. Terri Workman","oral health","new school of dentistry","east carolina university","Michael P. O’Donnell","Michael R. Mill","solid organ transplantation","organ transplant","Michael S. O’Malley","Robert Blouin","Etta D. Pisano","Barbara K. Rimer","William L. Roper","H. Shelton Earp","Cancer Research Fund","Michael S. Wolf","Stacy Cooper Bailey","prescription drug labeling","Michael Weinstein","Grover Smith","automation in clinical pathology","clinical pathology laboratory","Mitchell T. Heflin","geriatric health maintenance","individual healthcare plans","James T. Roberson","institutional partnerships","partnerships for health","Nancy M. P. King","ethics of genetic testing","Nancy Smith-Hunnicutt","dementia responsive acute care","Mission Hospital","Asheville","Noel B. McDevitt","William A. Walker","performance improvement","Olivia Fleming","John Mills","quality care","healthcare options","providing quality care","Parents® Program","Katrina D. Gay","social support","parents and caregivers","Patrena N. Benton","minority representation","health professions","increasing minority representation","Patricia A. Beverage","LPN","healthcare solutions","Paula Hudson Collins","school programs","Paul Bolin","Melanie Hames","role of nephrologists","coordinating care","primary care practitioners","Paul D. Maroni","E. David Crawford","PSA","Paul L. Anderson","shall we gather by the river","Paul Mahoney","affordable healthcare","accessible healthcare","evolution of healthcare","P. Daniel Patterson","Michael Yonas","service integration","workforce trends","Peg O’Connell","political perception","health issues","Perri Morgan","small business","healthcare crisis","response","coverage","Peter Leone","HIV","Acute infection","HIV treatment","STD treatment","P. Frederick Sparling","Genital HPV","HPV Vaccine","Phillip A. Sellers","physician perspective","public school","healthy foods","healthy finances","Lynn Hoggard","long-term care nursing","aging population","Polly Johnson","board of nursing","nursing regulation","nurse aides","regulatory perspective","workforce regulations","Rachael L. DiSantostefano","John P. Lavelle","economic impact","Ralph Campbell","mental health reform","progress","healthcare system reform","Rebecca S. King","public health dentistry","dental education services","community programs","school-based programs","R. Gary Rozier","dental disease prevention","oral health education","school based programs","oral health section","public health surveillance","dental diseases and conditions","assessment","Rhett N. Mabry","Richard C. Stephenson","opioids","Richard J. Rosen","cigarette excise tax","taxation","Rich Visingardi","Mental Health","healthcare outcome","Rick Glazier","anti-bullying policy","anti-bullying programs","Rita C. Salain","local level partnerships","health programs","Robert A. Ingram","prescription medicine","cost and benefit","Robert E. Meyer","Anna Bess Brown","folic acid","birth defects","birth defects prevention","Robert G. Dillard","pre-pregancy health","pre-natal care","infant mortality","reducing infant mortality","Robert H. Bilbro","HMO","hands on experience","physicians","Robert J. Greczyn","affordable health insurance","health coverage","health plans","Physicians","opportunities for change","Robert L. Sautter","Edward H. Lipford","point-of-care testing","Robert R. Weiser","Christopher Mansfield","healthcare performance monitoring","healthcare improvement","data and information requirements","Robert T. Harris","blue cross blue shield","payer perspective","Robert W. Seligson","Pamela P. Highsmith","community practitioner program","Ronald J. Manheimer","creative retirement","patient benefits","American Indian populations","American Indian health","Ron Z. Goetzel","Ronald J. Ozminkowski","investing in health promotion","employer investment","avian flu","community leadership","building health infrastructure","Steven D. Crane","Sandra B. Greene","decline in insurance","Sandra Crawford Leak","gerontology","promoting healthy aging","post baccalaureate training","Sarah Lowman","Rebecca Hunter","Swarna Reddy","immigrant elders","new challenges","Scott L. Sailer","radiation therapy","External beam","brachytherapy","salvage","Serge Dihoff","community need","Sharon C. Wilder","informed decision making","Sherry Lehman","Public education","community intervention","Leanne Skipper","National Kidney Foundation","Kidney disease","Sindy McCrystle","Darlyne Menscer","patient management","small employers","small group health insurance coverage","Connie Majure-Rhett","Kristen L. Dubay","Sonya J. Bruton","health centers","healthcare to communities in medical need","Stephen E. Willis","Thomas J. Pulliam","healthcare professionals","commitment to quality of care","Stephen P. Messier","weight loss","weight loss intervention","knee osteoarthritis","Stephen W. Marshall","Yvonne M. Golightly","sports injury","Steven D. Slott","Free Dental Programs","care provision","Steven S Reinemund","active lifestyle","healthy living","consumer empowerment","Suma Vupputuri","Susan Auger","Sarah Verbiest","health education","patient education","Susan F. Pierce","Susan Harmuth","Jesse S. Goodman","nurse aide workforce","nurse aide","workforce development","Suzanne E. Landis","local community initiatives","community support","treatment of depression","Ted Goins","frontline staffing","staffing issues","Lori Reid","nursing home perspective","Thomas C. Ricketts","Katie Gaul","minority health professionals","Thomas D. DuBose","automatic reporting","glomerular filtration rate","Thomas E. Wall","feasibility of home or patient self-testing","Thomas G. Irons","service provides","service to the poor and uninsured","effective collaboration","AHEC teaching clinics","Gail O. Mazzocco","North Carolina Area Health Education Center","workforce demands","Samuel Cykert","Area Health Education Center","health workforce development","Thomas R. Konrad","direct care workforce","Timothy S. Carey","feeding tubes","Timothy W. Lane","J. Carson Rounds","a failure to communicate","Tim Size","leadership development","rural health","Todd Hatley","EMS management","EMS financing","Toni Cordell","chasing the monster","Tony Troop","Carol P. Tyson","school nurses","school counselors","child and family support teams","Torlen L. Wade","Andrea D. Radford","state government","rural health centers","medical network","Margaret L. Sauer","Christine Kushner","physician retention","partnership","Valerie A. Murrah","treatment of oral cancer","Verla C. Insko","legislation","mental health support","Victor M. Goldberg","joint arthroplasty","contemporary total joint arthroplasty","Vijaya K. Hogan","perinatal health","paradigm shift","Virginia H. Templeton","dementia care","outpatient care","multi-disciplinary approach","Virginia W. Adams","Patricia J. Price-Lea","workforce diversity","diversity","Walter J. Pories","Bariatric surgery","Wanda M. Hunter","child protection","new paradigm","William A. Pully","hospital systems","hospitals","social safety net","William B. Karper","keeping active","living longer","William E. Milner","special care dentistry","statewide implementation","dentistry model","William K. Atkinson","community hospitals","William Lineback","education needs","emergency medical services responders","emergency responders","William R. Berry","systemic therapy","William R. Purcell","medical developments","legislative changes","Commentary: Advanced Access Scheduling","Greg D. Randolph","Medical Specialties","Commentary: Disease Management","Samuel S. Weir","rapid cycle quality improvement","asthma care","Thomas H. Wroth","Joseph C. Boals","quality-improvement methods","community practice","Sandhills Pediatrics asthma Initiative","asthma","Commentary: Electronic Communication","Eugenie M. Komives","Clinician-patient communication","reimbursement","Commentary: Electronic Health Records","Edward B. 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