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cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Александр Михайлович</span> <i>Aleksandr Mikhailovich</i>; 13 April 1866 – 26 February 1933) was an <a href="/wiki/Russian_Grand_Duke" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Grand Duke">Imperial Grand Duke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynast" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynast">dynast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov">House of Romanov</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, a naval officer, an author, explorer, the first cousin once removed of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Emperor Nicholas II</a> and advisor to him. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Alexander Mikhailovich</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_(LOC).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_%28LOC%29.jpg/220px-Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_%28LOC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_%28LOC%29.jpg/330px-Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_%28LOC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_%28LOC%29.jpg/440px-Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_%28LOC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3176" data-file-height="4008"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Grand Duke Alexander, 1890s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1866-04-13</span>)</span>13 April 1866<br><a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiflis_Governorate" title="Tiflis Governorate">Tiflis Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Viceroyalty_(1801%E2%80%931917)" title="Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)">Caucasus Viceroyalty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 February 1933<span style="display:none">(1933-02-26)</span> (aged 66)<br>Villa Sainte Thérèse, <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Cimetière de Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Xenia_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="6 August 1894">1894</span>)<wbr></wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Irina_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia">Princess Irina Alexandrovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrei_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Andrei Alexandrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Feodor_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Feodor Alexandrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Nikita_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Nikita Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Nikita Alexandrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Dmitri_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Rostislav_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vasili_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Vasili Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Vasili Alexandrovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov">Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Nikolaevich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia">Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Cecilie_of_Baden" title="Princess Cecilie of Baden">Princess Cecilie of Baden</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Naval_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Naval career</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#World_War_I"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">World War I</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_Revolution_and_after"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">The Revolution and after</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Freemasonry"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Freemasonry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Honours_and_awards"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Honours and awards</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Ancestry"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Ancestry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg/220px-Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="632"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg/220px-Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg/330px-Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg/440px-Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia_4256208903_2055ec15bb_o.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich</figcaption></figure> <p>Alexander was born in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tiflis</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Tiflis_Governorate" title="Tiflis Governorate">Tiflis Governorate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>). He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Nikolaevich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia">Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia</a>, the youngest son of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Cecilie_of_Baden" title="Princess Cecilie of Baden">Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna (Cecilie of Baden)</a>. He was mostly known as "Sandro". From a young age, Sandro displayed a wish to join the navy, which his parents disapproved of. After the intervention of his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III</a>, he was able to become a naval officer. </p><p>In his youth, he made a good-will visit to the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a> on behalf of the Russian Empire and another to the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Empire">Brazilian Empire</a> in 1887. There, he had his first romance with a 16-year-old Brazilian girl.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married his first cousin's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Xenia_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna</a>, the eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III</a> on 6 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 25 July] 1894. He became a brother-in-law and a close advisor of <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a>. </p><p>Like his father before him, Sandro had one daughter and six sons: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Irina_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia">Princess Irina Alexandrovna</a> (1895–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrei_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Andrei Alexandrovich</a> (1897–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Feodor_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Feodor Alexandrovich</a> (1898–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Nikita_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Nikita Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Nikita Alexandrovich</a> (1900–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Dmitri_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich</a> (1901–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Rostislav_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich</a> (1902–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vasili_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Vasili Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Vasili Alexandrovich</a> (1907–1989)</li></ul> <p>Before the revolution, the Grand Duke liked to spend his vacation in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Azur">Côte d'Azur</a>, where his older brother, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Mikhailovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia">Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had financed in 1908 the construction of the <a href="/wiki/InterContinental_Carlton_Cannes_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="InterContinental Carlton Cannes Hotel">Hôtel Carlton</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Naval_career">Naval career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naval career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="1452"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 296px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="296" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Grand_Duc_Alexandre_de_Russie_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome</a> portrait by Georges Chevalier, 1923</figcaption></figure><p> In 1885 Alexander graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Cadet_Corps_(Russia)" title="Naval Cadet Corps (Russia)">Naval College</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">мичман</span>); he served in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy" title="Imperial Russian Navy">Navy</a> and participated in voyages. From 1891 he initiated and founded the first edition of the Russian annual directory of <i>Military Fleets</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Военные флоты</span>), which he edited until 1906. In 1895 he developed a program of strengthening the Russian Navy in the Pacific. Starting in 1896, he taught the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Game&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Game (page does not exist)">Naval Game</a> at the Naval Science Classes in the <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_Naval_Academy" title="Kuznetsov Naval Academy">Naval Academy</a>. Between 1901 and 1902 he acted as the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Rostislav" title="Russian battleship Rostislav">battleship <i>Rostislav</i></a>, and in 1903 he was appointed a junior <a href="/wiki/Flag_officer" title="Flag officer">flag officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a>. In parallel, between 1901 and 1905 he acted as a chief superintendent and the chairman of several councils related to merchant shipping and ports. At these positions he contributed to the development of commercial shipping, construction and equipment of new ports, the training of merchant mariners, the founding of long-distance shipping lines and the improvement of maritime-trade legislation. During the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russian-Japanese war</a> of 1904–1905 he oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary cruiser">auxiliary cruisers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dobroflot" title="Dobroflot">Volunteer Fleet</a>. Alexander took part in the development of programs aimed at rebuilding the fleet, brought them to the attention of governments and the public, and avidly supported the construction of new battleships. In 1909 he was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">vice admiral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg/220px-Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="3039"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 286px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg/220px-Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="286" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg/330px-Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg/440px-Signed_sketch_of_Grand_Duke_Alexander_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_for_the_Cincinnati_Post_1926.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Signed drawing of Grand Duke Alexander by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rosenberg" title="Manuel Rosenberg">Manuel Rosenberg</a> for the Cincinnati Post 1926</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Alexander played a major role in the creation of Russian military aviation. He was the initiator of the officer's aviation school near <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> in 1910 and later the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Air_Service" title="Imperial Russian Air Service">Imperial Russian Air Service</a> during the First World War. From December 1916 Alexander was the Field Inspector General of the Imperial Russian Air Service. At the beginning of 1917 he advocated the formation of a government with the participation of public figures, speaking out against the "responsible ministry". </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="The_Revolution_and_after">The Revolution and after</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Revolution and after" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>His impact on Nicholas has been both criticized and appreciated. His memoirs document that he openly challenged Empress <a href="/wiki/Alix_of_Hesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alix of Hesse">Alexandra</a>'s political influence on her husband but wished that Nicholas had used troops to resist the revolution. He also admitted that he had been brought up to share the anti-Semitic views that he claimed were prevalent in Russia prior to the revolution. His appeal to Nicholas, as his children approached adulthood, to relax the requirement for <a href="/wiki/Royal_intermarriage" title="Royal intermarriage">equal marriage</a> for Romanov <a href="/wiki/Non-dynastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-dynastic">dynasts</a> was rejected, and all seven of his children married titled but non-royal Russian aristocrats, but only his daughter obtained permission of Nicholas to do so. When Alexander's eldest son, Andrei Alexandrovich, married at <a href="/wiki/Yalta" title="Yalta">Yalta</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> on 12 June 1918,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicholas, who had abdicated on 15 March 1917, was a prisoner at <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a> with his family. They would be executed by the Bolsheviks just over a month later. </p><p>Alexander left the Crimea with his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrei_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia">Prince Andrei Alexandrovich</a>, and his son's new bride, <a href="/wiki/Elisabetta_di_Sasso_Ruffo" title="Elisabetta di Sasso Ruffo">Elisabetta Ruffo di Sant'Antimo</a>, who was pregnant, in December 1918. His wife and mother-in-law, Empress-Dowager <a href="/wiki/Maria_Fyodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Fyodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)">Maria Fyodorovna</a> and his sons as well as other Romanovs, were rescued from the Crimea by the British <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Marlborough_(1912)" title="HMS Marlborough (1912)">HMS <i>Marlborough</i></a> in 1919. </p><p>Alexander lived in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and wrote his <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoirs</a>. <i>Once a Grand Duke</i> (<a href="/wiki/Farrar_%26_Rinehart" title="Farrar & Rinehart">Farrar & Rinehart</a> 1933) is a source of dynastical and court life in Imperial Russia's last half-century. He also spent a time as guest of future Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ras_Tafari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras Tafari">Ras Tafari</a>. He talks about why he was invited to the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> in his sequel, <i>Always a Grand Duke</i>. He died in <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a>, France. He was the last surviving legitimate grandchild of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a>. He was buried there in Roquebrune. His wife, Xenia, died in <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a> in 1960. </p><p>While in exile after 1917, he became fascinated with <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> and conducted a number of successful expeditions.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Freemasonry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Alexander was a "mystical <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">freemason</a>" and spirit, called himself a <a href="/wiki/Rosicrucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosicrucian">Rosicrucian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philalethes_Society" title="Philalethes Society">Philalethes</a>. He was a member of the masonic "Grand Ducal Lodge" (St. Petersburg, after 1907 to 1917), the founder of the "Admiralty Lodge" (St. Petersburg, 1910), who worked on the ritual Philalethes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The citation is not specific enough to facilitate source verification (October 2024)">not specific enough to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> According to the Encyclopaedia by Serkov, Alexander was a master of the lodge "Karma", who worked in the years 1910–1919 <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Rite" title="Swedish Rite">Swedish Rite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honours and awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Russia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></span>:<sup id="cite_ref-Shilov_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew" title="Order of St. Andrew">Knight of St. Andrew</a>, <i>April 1866</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Alexander Nevsky">Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky</a>, <i>April 1866</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the White Eagle (Russia)">Knight of the White Eagle</a>, <i>April 1866</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Anna" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Anna">Knight of St. Anna</a>, 1st Class, <i>April 1866</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(House_of_Romanov)" title="Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)">Knight of St. Stanislaus</a>, 1st Class, <i>April 1866</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Vladimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Vladimir">Knight of St. Vladimir</a>, 4th Class, <i>January 1893</i>; 3rd Class, <i>December 1906</i>; 2nd Class, <i>May 1913</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Order of the Crown (Württemberg)">Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown</a>, <i>June 1880</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/45px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Griffon_(Mecklenburg)" title="Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)">Grand Commander of the Griffon</a>, <i>March 1881</i>; Grand Cross, <i>September 1886</i><sup id="cite_ref-Shilov_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="439"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></span>:<sup id="cite_ref-Shilov_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Order of the Southern Cross">Grand Cross of the Southern Cross</a>, <i>January 1886</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rose" title="Order of the Rose">Grand Cross of the Rose</a>, <i>1886</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Redeemer" title="Order of the Redeemer">Grand Cross of the Redeemer</a>, <i>January 1889</i><sup id="cite_ref-Shilov_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun</a>, <i>January 1889</i><sup id="cite_ref-Shilov_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%2C_2-3%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem">Grand Cross of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem</a>, <i>March 1889</i><sup id="cite_ref-Shilov_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Elephant" title="Order of the Elephant">Knight of the Elephant</a>, <i>7 September 1895</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><noscript><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" data-alt="Austrian Empire" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary"><noscript><img alt="Kingdom of Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png" data-alt="Kingdom of Hungary" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary" title="Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary">Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen</a>, <i>22 April 1897</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Royal_House_of_Chakri" title="Order of the Royal House of Chakri">Order of the Royal House of Chakri</a>, <i>4 July 1897</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Knight of the Annunciation</a>, <i>17 July 1902</i><sup id="cite_ref-dell'interno1920_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dell'interno1920-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg/35px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg/46px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_and_Merit_Order_of_Peter_Frederick_Louis" title="House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis">Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig</a>, with Golden Crown, <i>July 1902</i><sup id="cite_ref-Shilov_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Olav" title="Order of St. Olav">Grand Cross of St. Olav</a>, with Collar, <i>7 September 1908</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ancestry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Sophie_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)">Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Nikolaevich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia">Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">Frederick William III of Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Charlotte_of_Prussia)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)">Princess Charlotte of Prussia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden">Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden">Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Louise_Caroline_of_Hochberg" title="Louise Caroline of Hochberg">Baroness Louise Caroline Geyer of Geyersberg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Cecilie_of_Baden" title="Princess Cecilie of Baden">Princess Cecilie of Baden</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Sweden" title="Princess Sophie of Sweden">Princess Sophie of Sweden</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Frederica_of_Baden" title="Frederica of Baden">Princess Frederica of Baden</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRomanov1933" class="citation book cs1">Romanov, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (1933). <i>Once a Grand Duke</i>. Read & Company History. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781528772068" title="Special:BookSources/9781528772068"><bdi>9781528772068</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Once+a+Grand+Duke&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Read+%26+Company+History&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=9781528772068&rft.aulast=Romanov&rft.aufirst=Grand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegrandhotelsoftheworld.com/palais/">"Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia in the history of the Hotel du Palais, 1910"</a>. Grand Hotels of the World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia+in+the+history+of+the+Hotel+du+Palais%2C+1910&rft.pub=Grand+Hotels+of+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthegrandhotelsoftheworld.com%2Fpalais%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegrandhotelsoftheworld.com/carlton/">"Michael Mikhailovich of Russia in the history of the Hotel Carlton"</a>. Grand Hotels of the World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Mikhailovich+of+Russia+in+the+history+of+the+Hotel+Carlton&rft.pub=Grand+Hotels+of+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthegrandhotelsoftheworld.com%2Fcarlton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Berezovsky, VD Dotsenko, VP Tyurin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihst.ru/projects/emigrants/romanov.htm">Russian Imperial Navy</a>. 1696–1917. Moscow, 1996. (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomanoff" class="citation book cs1">Romanoff, Olga. <i>My Father and His Family</i>. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Father+and+His+Family&rft.pages=15&rft.aulast=Romanoff&rft.aufirst=Olga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBererova1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Bererova, N. N. (1997). <bdi lang="ru">Люди и ложи. Русские масоны XX столетия</bdi> [<i>People and Lodges. Russian Masons of the 20th Century</i>]. Moscow.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8.+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+XX+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=Moscow&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Bererova&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. I. Nikolaevsky Collection, Hoover Institution Archives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerkov2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Serkov, A. I. (2001). <bdi lang="ru">Русское масонство 1731–2000. Энциклопедический словарь</bdi> [<i>Russian Freemasonry 1731–2000: Encyclopedic Dictionary</i>]. <a href="/wiki/ROSSPEN" title="ROSSPEN">ROSSPEN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+1731%E2%80%932000.+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C&rft.pub=ROSSPEN&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Serkov&rft.aufirst=A.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shilov-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shilov_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shilov_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shilov_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shilov_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shilov_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shilov_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shilov_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShilov2002" class="citation book cs1">Shilov, D.N. (2002). <i>Statesmen of the Russian Empire, 1802-1917</i>. Saint Petersburg: Dimitri Bulanin. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statesmen+of+the+Russian+Empire%2C+1802-1917&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Dimitri+Bulanin&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Shilov&rft.aufirst=D.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Königliche Orden", <i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg</i>, 1896, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Pc5CAAAAYAAJ/page/n63">28</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6nigliche+Orden&rft.btitle=Hof-+und+Staats-Handbuch+des+K%C3%B6nigreich+W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJørgen_Pedersen2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jørgen Pedersen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ"><i>Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009</i></a> (in Danish). Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-434-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-434-2"><bdi>978-87-7674-434-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riddere+af+Elefantordenen%2C+1559%E2%80%932009&rft.place=Odense&rft.pages=468&rft.pub=Syddansk+Universitetsforlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-87-7674-434-2&rft.au=J%C3%B8rgen+Pedersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dglw-AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1918&size=45&page=427">"St. Stephans-Orden"</a>, <i>Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie</i>, 1918, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1918&page=429&size=45">55</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Stephans-Orden&rft.btitle=Hof-+und+Staatshandbuch+der+%C3%96sterreichisch-Ungarischen+Monarchie&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falex.onb.ac.at%2Fcgi-content%2Falex%3Faid%3Dshb%26datum%3D1918%26size%3D45%26page%3D427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Thai_Government_Gazette1898" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Government_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Thai Government Gazette">Royal Thai Government Gazette</a> (22 January 1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508041038/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/043/448.PDF">"พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ที่ประเทศยุโรป"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Thai). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/043/448.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C+%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B&rft.date=1898-01-22&rft.au=Royal+Thai+Government+Gazette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th%2FDATA%2FPDF%2F2441%2F043%2F448.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dell'interno1920-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dell'interno1920_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFItaly._Ministero_dell'interno1920" class="citation book cs1">Italy. Ministero dell'interno (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PR3"><i>Calendario generale del regno d'Italia</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PA57">57</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calendario+generale+del+regno+d%27Italia&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1920&rft.au=Italy.+Ministero+dell%27interno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKU1TIJPtKx0C%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858043122690&view=1up&seq=521&skin=2021">"Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden"</a>, <i>Norges Statskalender</i> (in Norwegian), 1910, pp. 909–910<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span> – via hathitrust.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Den+kongelige+norske+Sanct+Olavs+Orden&rft.btitle=Norges+Statskalender&rft.pages=909-910&rft.date=1910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Diau.31858043122690%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D521%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duke+Alexander+Mikhailovich+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groothertog_Aleksander_Michailowitsj_van_Rusland" title="Groothertog Aleksander Michailowitsj van Rusland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groothertog Aleksander Michailowitsj van Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Александър Михайлович – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Alexandre de Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexandre de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Romanov" title="Alexandr Michajlovič Romanov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandr Michajlovič Romanov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Mikhailovitj_af_Rusland" title="Aleksandr Mikhailovitj af Rusland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aleksandr Mikhailovitj af Rusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Michailowitsch_Romanow" title="Alexander Michailowitsch Romanow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander Michailowitsch Romanow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αλέξανδρος Μιχαήλοβιτς της Ρωσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλέξανδρος Μιχαήλοβιτς της Ρωσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Mij%C3%A1ilovich_Rom%C3%A1nov" title="Alejandro Mijáilovich Románov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alejandro Mijáilovich Románov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Mikha%C3%AFlovitch_de_Russie" title="Alexandre Mikhaïlovitch de Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre Mikhaïlovitch de Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Mikhailovich_de_Rusia" title="Alexandre Mikhailovich de Rusia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexandre Mikhailovich de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%98%EC%9D%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98_%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%B5" title="알렉산드르 미하일로비치 대공 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산드르 미하일로비치 대공" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Romanov" title="Aleksandr Michajlovič Romanov – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aleksandr Michajlovič Romanov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5%27,_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="אלכסנדר מיכאילוביץ', הנסיך הגדול של רוסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר מיכאילוביץ', הנסיך הגדול של רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alekszandr_Mihajlovics_Romanov_orosz_nagyherceg" title="Alekszandr Mihajlovics Romanov orosz nagyherceg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alekszandr Mihajlovics Romanov orosz nagyherceg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جراند دوك اليكساندير ميخايلوڤيتش اوف روسيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جراند دوك اليكساندير ميخايلوڤيتش اوف روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Michajlovitsj_van_Rusland" title="Alexander Michajlovitsj van Rusland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexander Michajlovitsj van Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%81_(%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC)" title="アレクサンドル・ミハイロヴィチ (ロシア大公) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンドル・ミハイロヴィチ (ロシア大公)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Romanow_(1866%E2%80%931933)" title="Aleksander Romanow (1866–1933) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksander Romanow (1866–1933)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Mikhailovich_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Alexandre Mikhailovich da Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexandre Mikhailovich da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marele_Duce_Alexandru_Mihailovici_al_Rusiei" title="Marele Duce Alexandru Mihailovici al Rusiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marele Duce Alexandru Mihailovici al Rusiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_I)" title="Александр Михайлович (внук Николая I) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Александр Михайлович (внук Николая I)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Michailovitj_av_Ryssland" title="Alexander Michailovitj av Ryssland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexander Michailovitj av Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_I)" title="Олександр Михайлович (онук Миколи I) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Олександр Михайлович (онук Миколи I)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC" title="亞歷山大·米哈伊洛維奇大公 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亞歷山大·米哈伊洛維奇大公" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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