CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Western blotting Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="IkjwxTULMztUsXz4GiURTKV3x314XNXOLHpJJ7wXsCxa_OFmqkmnW0gweDXhbD1ajQESSc0zxp0wV8Y2BQrVAQ" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Western_blotting?after=50%2C14298383" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Western blotting Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14016,"monthly_visitors":"97 million","monthly_visitor_count":97692212,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":97,"user_count":282975036,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739787536000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739787536000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-40698df34f913bd208bb70f09d2feb7c6286046250be17a4db35bba2c08b0e2f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-a22f75d8519394c21253dae46c8c5d60ad36ea68c7d494347ec64229d8c1cf85.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-5708a105dd66b4c7d0ef30b7c094b1048423f0042bd2a7b123f2d99ee3cf46d9.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Western blotting</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">7,285 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Western blotting</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Western_blotting">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58330648" data-work_id="58330648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58330648/Purification_and_characterization_of_the_MspI_DNA_methyltransferase_cloned_and_overexpressed_in_E_coli">Purification and characterization of the MspI DNA methyltransferase cloned and overexpressed in E. coli</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The MspI restriction-modification system, which recognizes the sequence 5&#39;-CCGG-3&#39;, has been previously cloned and sequenced (1). We subcloned the methyltransferase gene (M.MspI) downstream of the ptac promoter in the multicopy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58330648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The MspI restriction-modification system, which recognizes the sequence 5&#39;-CCGG-3&#39;, has been previously cloned and sequenced (1). We subcloned the methyltransferase gene (M.MspI) downstream of the ptac promoter in the multicopy vector pUC119 and overexpressed it in E. coli. Upon induction with IPTG, M.MspI constitutes more than 10% of cellular protein. A scheme has been devised to purify large amounts of biologically active M.MspI to apparent homogeneity from these overexpressing E. coli cells. Approximately 0.8 mg of pure M.MspI per gram of cells (wet weight) can be obtained. The apparent molecular weight of M.MspI is 49 kD, by SDS gel electrophoresis and 48-54 kD by gel filtration. At low concentrations (less than 0.4 mg/ml), the methyltransferase is a monomer in solution but at higher concentrations (greater than 3.0 mg/ml) it exists predominantly as a dimer. Polyclonal antibodies raised against M.MspI cross-react with the DNA-methyltransferases of several other restricti...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58330648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="431d75721db2eeefb7078cb2fefe69be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72795410,"asset_id":58330648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72795410/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2565408" href="https://nsit.academia.edu/AshokDubey">Ashok Dubey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2565408" type="text/json">{"id":2565408,"first_name":"Ashok","last_name":"Dubey","domain_name":"nsit","page_name":"AshokDubey","display_name":"Ashok Dubey","profile_url":"https://nsit.academia.edu/AshokDubey?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58330648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58330648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58330648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58330648", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58330648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58330648; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58330648"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58330648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58330648"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58330648; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58330648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58330648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58330648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58330648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58330648]'), work: {"id":58330648,"title":"Purification and characterization of the MspI DNA methyltransferase cloned and overexpressed in E. coli","created_at":"2021-10-16T02:05:48.003-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58330648/Purification_and_characterization_of_the_MspI_DNA_methyltransferase_cloned_and_overexpressed_in_E_coli?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_58330648","summary":"The MspI restriction-modification system, which recognizes the sequence 5\u0026#39;-CCGG-3\u0026#39;, has been previously cloned and sequenced (1). We subcloned the methyltransferase gene (M.MspI) downstream of the ptac promoter in the multicopy vector pUC119 and overexpressed it in E. coli. Upon induction with IPTG, M.MspI constitutes more than 10% of cellular protein. A scheme has been devised to purify large amounts of biologically active M.MspI to apparent homogeneity from these overexpressing E. coli cells. Approximately 0.8 mg of pure M.MspI per gram of cells (wet weight) can be obtained. The apparent molecular weight of M.MspI is 49 kD, by SDS gel electrophoresis and 48-54 kD by gel filtration. At low concentrations (less than 0.4 mg/ml), the methyltransferase is a monomer in solution but at higher concentrations (greater than 3.0 mg/ml) it exists predominantly as a dimer. Polyclonal antibodies raised against M.MspI cross-react with the DNA-methyltransferases of several other restricti...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72795410,"asset_id":58330648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2565408,"first_name":"Ashok","last_name":"Dubey","domain_name":"nsit","page_name":"AshokDubey","display_name":"Ashok Dubey","profile_url":"https://nsit.academia.edu/AshokDubey?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":178906,"name":"Nucleic Acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acids?f_ri=37834"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=37834"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61124960" data-work_id="61124960" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61124960/Distinct_patterns_of_APP_processing_in_the_CNS_in_autosomal_dominant_and_sporadic_Alzheimer_disease">Distinct patterns of APP processing in the CNS in autosomal-dominant and sporadic Alzheimer disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) or Presenilin (PSEN) genes. Studies from families with ADAD have been critical to support the amyloid cascade... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61124960" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) or Presenilin (PSEN) genes. Studies from families with ADAD have been critical to support the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), the basis for the current development of amyloid-based disease-modifying therapies in sporadic AD (SAD). However, whether the pathological changes in APP processing in the CNS in ADAD are similar to those observed in SAD remains unclear. In this study, we measured b-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) protein levels and activity, APP and APP C-terminal fragments in brain samples from subjects with ADAD carrying APP or PSEN1 mutations (n = 18), patients with SAD (n = 27) and agematched controls (n = 22). We also measured sAPPb and BACE protein levels, as well as BACE activity, in CSF from individuals carrying PSEN1 mutations (10 mutation carriers and 7 non-carrier controls), patients with SAD (n = 32) and age-matched controls (n = 11). We found that in the brain, the pattern in ADAD was characterized by an increase in APP b-C-terminal fragment (b-CTF) levels despite no changes in BACE protein levels or activity. In contrast, the pattern in SAD in the brain was mainly characterized by an increase in BACE levels and activity, with less APP b-CTF accumulation than ADAD. In the CSF, no differences were found between groups in BACE activity or expression or sAPPb levels. Taken together, these data suggest that the physiopathological events underlying the chronic Ab production/clearance imbalance in SAD and ADAD are different. These differences should be considered in the design of intervention trials in AD.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61124960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7672070f0bc663a80f57922f18f16d4c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74274665,"asset_id":61124960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74274665/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="149928559" href="https://noente.academia.edu/DanielAlcolea">Daniel Alcolea</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="149928559" type="text/json">{"id":149928559,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Alcolea","domain_name":"noente","page_name":"DanielAlcolea","display_name":"Daniel Alcolea","profile_url":"https://noente.academia.edu/DanielAlcolea?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61124960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61124960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61124960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61124960", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61124960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61124960; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61124960"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61124960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61124960"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61124960; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61124960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61124960").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61124960").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61124960"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation">Mutation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74780" type="text/json">{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System">Central Nervous System</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="147195" type="text/json">{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61124960]'), work: {"id":61124960,"title":"Distinct patterns of APP processing in the CNS in autosomal-dominant and sporadic Alzheimer disease","created_at":"2021-11-06T10:51:20.465-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61124960/Distinct_patterns_of_APP_processing_in_the_CNS_in_autosomal_dominant_and_sporadic_Alzheimer_disease?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_61124960","summary":"Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) or Presenilin (PSEN) genes. Studies from families with ADAD have been critical to support the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), the basis for the current development of amyloid-based disease-modifying therapies in sporadic AD (SAD). However, whether the pathological changes in APP processing in the CNS in ADAD are similar to those observed in SAD remains unclear. In this study, we measured b-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) protein levels and activity, APP and APP C-terminal fragments in brain samples from subjects with ADAD carrying APP or PSEN1 mutations (n = 18), patients with SAD (n = 27) and agematched controls (n = 22). We also measured sAPPb and BACE protein levels, as well as BACE activity, in CSF from individuals carrying PSEN1 mutations (10 mutation carriers and 7 non-carrier controls), patients with SAD (n = 32) and age-matched controls (n = 11). We found that in the brain, the pattern in ADAD was characterized by an increase in APP b-C-terminal fragment (b-CTF) levels despite no changes in BACE protein levels or activity. In contrast, the pattern in SAD in the brain was mainly characterized by an increase in BACE levels and activity, with less APP b-CTF accumulation than ADAD. In the CSF, no differences were found between groups in BACE activity or expression or sAPPb levels. Taken together, these data suggest that the physiopathological events underlying the chronic Ab production/clearance imbalance in SAD and ADAD are different. These differences should be considered in the design of intervention trials in AD.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74274665,"asset_id":61124960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":149928559,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Alcolea","domain_name":"noente","page_name":"DanielAlcolea","display_name":"Daniel Alcolea","profile_url":"https://noente.academia.edu/DanielAlcolea?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=37834"},{"id":452440,"name":"Presenilin-2","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presenilin-2?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2028686,"name":"Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amyloid_Beta_Precursor_Protein?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20832101" data-work_id="20832101" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20832101/Poc1A_and_Poc1B_act_together_in_human_cells_to_ensure_centriole_integrity">Poc1A and Poc1B act together in human cells to ensure centriole integrity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20832101" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="04f665c36fd28e596a4fd77910a433a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41587092,"asset_id":20832101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41587092/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42130799" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HughWoodland">Hugh Woodland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42130799" type="text/json">{"id":42130799,"first_name":"Hugh","last_name":"Woodland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HughWoodland","display_name":"Hugh Woodland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HughWoodland?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20832101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20832101"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20832101, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20832101", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20832101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20832101; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20832101"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20832101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20832101"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20832101; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20832101]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20832101").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20832101").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20832101"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6599" type="text/json">{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20832101]'), work: {"id":20832101,"title":"Poc1A and Poc1B act together in human cells to ensure centriole integrity","created_at":"2016-01-26T06:04:25.857-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20832101/Poc1A_and_Poc1B_act_together_in_human_cells_to_ensure_centriole_integrity?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_20832101","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41587092,"asset_id":20832101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42130799,"first_name":"Hugh","last_name":"Woodland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HughWoodland","display_name":"Hugh Woodland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HughWoodland?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":55267,"name":"Mitosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitosis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":193464,"name":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Dodecyl_Sulfate-Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":216699,"name":"Immunoprecipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoprecipitation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":422325,"name":"HeLa cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HeLa_cells?f_ri=37834"},{"id":441030,"name":"Centrioles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centrioles?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19461559" data-work_id="19461559" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19461559/Treponema_pallidum_Surface_Immunofluorescence_Assay_for_Serologic_Diagnosis_of_Syphilis">Treponema pallidum Surface Immunofluorescence Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A surface immunofluorescence assay (SIFA) using live spirochetes was analyzed and compared with Western blot (WB), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS), microhemagglutination (MHA-TP), and Treponema pallidum immobilization... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19461559" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A surface immunofluorescence assay (SIFA) using live spirochetes was analyzed and compared with Western blot (WB), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS), microhemagglutination (MHA-TP), and Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) assays for detecting serum antibodies to T. pallidum in patients with syphilis, in disease controls, and in healthy subjects. SIFA and WB were 99% sensitive (99 of 100 positive specimens) and specific (140 of 140 negative specimens); FTA-ABS showed a sensitivity and a specificity of 90 and 89% (90 of 100 positive and 125 of 140 negative specimens), respectively. MHA-TP showed a sensitivity of 84% (84 of 100 positive specimens) and a specificity of 98.5% (138 of 140 negative specimens). Finally, TPI had a sensitivity of 52% (52 of 100 positive specimens) and a specificity of 100% (140 of 140 negative specimens). The T. pallidum SIFA was therefore highly specific, showing no equivocal reactivities with control sera, and sensitive. The results suggest the possible use of SIFA as a confirmatory test in the serologic diagnosis of syphilis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19461559" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad5d76c11a7a3dda89daef9b13c9a10e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40633782,"asset_id":19461559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40633782/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39737634" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonellaMarangoni">Antonella Marangoni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39737634" type="text/json">{"id":39737634,"first_name":"Antonella","last_name":"Marangoni","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonellaMarangoni","display_name":"Antonella Marangoni","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonellaMarangoni?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39737634/17889288/17907454/s65_antonella.marangoni.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19461559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19461559"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19461559, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19461559", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19461559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19461559; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19461559"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19461559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19461559"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19461559; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19461559]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19461559").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19461559").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19461559"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48826" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syphilis">Syphilis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48826" type="text/json">{"id":48826,"name":"Syphilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syphilis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lyme_disease">Lyme disease</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53198" type="text/json">{"id":53198,"name":"Lyme disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lyme_disease?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19461559]'), work: {"id":19461559,"title":"Treponema pallidum Surface Immunofluorescence Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis","created_at":"2015-12-04T06:18:42.890-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19461559/Treponema_pallidum_Surface_Immunofluorescence_Assay_for_Serologic_Diagnosis_of_Syphilis?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_19461559","summary":"A surface immunofluorescence assay (SIFA) using live spirochetes was analyzed and compared with Western blot (WB), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS), microhemagglutination (MHA-TP), and Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) assays for detecting serum antibodies to T. pallidum in patients with syphilis, in disease controls, and in healthy subjects. SIFA and WB were 99% sensitive (99 of 100 positive specimens) and specific (140 of 140 negative specimens); FTA-ABS showed a sensitivity and a specificity of 90 and 89% (90 of 100 positive and 125 of 140 negative specimens), respectively. MHA-TP showed a sensitivity of 84% (84 of 100 positive specimens) and a specificity of 98.5% (138 of 140 negative specimens). Finally, TPI had a sensitivity of 52% (52 of 100 positive specimens) and a specificity of 100% (140 of 140 negative specimens). The T. pallidum SIFA was therefore highly specific, showing no equivocal reactivities with control sera, and sensitive. The results suggest the possible use of SIFA as a confirmatory test in the serologic diagnosis of syphilis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40633782,"asset_id":19461559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39737634,"first_name":"Antonella","last_name":"Marangoni","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonellaMarangoni","display_name":"Antonella Marangoni","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonellaMarangoni?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39737634/17889288/17907454/s65_antonella.marangoni.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":48826,"name":"Syphilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syphilis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":53198,"name":"Lyme disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lyme_disease?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=37834"},{"id":119381,"name":"Specification Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specification_Tests?f_ri=37834"},{"id":128172,"name":"Borrelia burgdorferi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borrelia_burgdorferi?f_ri=37834"},{"id":173357,"name":"Disease Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Control?f_ri=37834"},{"id":263046,"name":"Research Purpose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Purpose?f_ri=37834"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=37834"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=37834"},{"id":462111,"name":"Western blot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blot?f_ri=37834"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1142759,"name":"Healthy Subjects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthy_Subjects?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1195987,"name":"Laboratory Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_Tests?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22173489" data-work_id="22173489" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22173489/Progesterone_is_neuroprotective_against_ischemic_brain_injury_through_its_effects_on_the_phosphoinositide_3_kinase_protein_kinase_B_signaling_pathway">Progesterone is neuroprotective against ischemic brain injury through its effects on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We tested the hypothesis that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway mediates some of the neuroprotective effects of progesterone (PROG) after ischemic stroke. We examined whether PROG acting through the PI3K/Akt pathway... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22173489" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We tested the hypothesis that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway mediates some of the neuroprotective effects of progesterone (PROG) after ischemic stroke. We examined whether PROG acting through the PI3K/Akt pathway could affect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Rats underwent permanent focal cerebral ischemia (pMCAO) by electro-coagulation and received intraperitoneal injections of PROG (8mg/kg) or vehicle at 1h post-occlusion and subcutaneous injections at 6, 24, and 48h. PAkt/Akt levels, apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins (pBAD, BAD, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3) were analyzed by TUNEL assays, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry at 24h post-pMCAO. VEGF and BDNF were analyzed at 24, 72h and 14 days post-pMCAO with Western blots. Following pMCAO, PROG treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced ischemic lesion size and edema. Treatment with PROG significantly (p<0.05) decreased VEGF at 24 and 72h but increased VEGF expression 14d after injury. The treatment also increased BDNF, and attenuated apoptosis by increasing Akt phosphorylation compared to vehicle-alone. The selective PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin compromised PROG-induced neuroprotective effects and reduced the elevation of pAkt levels in the ischemic penumbra. Our findings lead us to suggest that the PI3K/ Akt pathway can play a role in mediating the neuroprotective effects of PROG after stroke by altering the expression of trophic factors in the brain.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22173489" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cb95467467cc7cee250364862107085" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42834055,"asset_id":22173489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42834055/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43525968" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SteinDonald">Donald Stein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43525968" type="text/json">{"id":43525968,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Stein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SteinDonald","display_name":"Donald Stein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SteinDonald?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22173489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22173489"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22173489, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22173489", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22173489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22173489; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22173489"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22173489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22173489"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22173489; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22173489]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22173489").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22173489").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22173489"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22173489]'), work: {"id":22173489,"title":"Progesterone is neuroprotective against ischemic brain injury through its effects on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway","created_at":"2016-02-19T04:39:42.247-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22173489/Progesterone_is_neuroprotective_against_ischemic_brain_injury_through_its_effects_on_the_phosphoinositide_3_kinase_protein_kinase_B_signaling_pathway?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_22173489","summary":"We tested the hypothesis that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway mediates some of the neuroprotective effects of progesterone (PROG) after ischemic stroke. We examined whether PROG acting through the PI3K/Akt pathway could affect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Rats underwent permanent focal cerebral ischemia (pMCAO) by electro-coagulation and received intraperitoneal injections of PROG (8mg/kg) or vehicle at 1h post-occlusion and subcutaneous injections at 6, 24, and 48h. PAkt/Akt levels, apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins (pBAD, BAD, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3) were analyzed by TUNEL assays, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry at 24h post-pMCAO. VEGF and BDNF were analyzed at 24, 72h and 14 days post-pMCAO with Western blots. Following pMCAO, PROG treatment significantly (p\u003c0.05) reduced ischemic lesion size and edema. Treatment with PROG significantly (p\u003c0.05) decreased VEGF at 24 and 72h but increased VEGF expression 14d after injury. The treatment also increased BDNF, and attenuated apoptosis by increasing Akt phosphorylation compared to vehicle-alone. The selective PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin compromised PROG-induced neuroprotective effects and reduced the elevation of pAkt levels in the ischemic penumbra. Our findings lead us to suggest that the PI3K/ Akt pathway can play a role in mediating the neuroprotective effects of PROG after stroke by altering the expression of trophic factors in the brain.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42834055,"asset_id":22173489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43525968,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Stein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SteinDonald","display_name":"Donald Stein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SteinDonald?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=37834"},{"id":64559,"name":"Progesterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progesterone?f_ri=37834"},{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1953419,"name":"Neuroprotective Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotective_Agents?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75751334" data-work_id="75751334" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75751334/Monocyte_chemotactic_protein_3_possible_involvement_in_apical_periodontitis_chemotaxis">Monocyte chemotactic protein-3: possible involvement in apical periodontitis chemotaxis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aim To study the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3, also known as chemokine CCL-7) in tissue from apical lesions (AL) and to associate MCP-3 expression with symptomatic or asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Methodology... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75751334" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aim To study the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3, also known as chemokine CCL-7) in tissue from apical lesions (AL) and to associate MCP-3 expression with symptomatic or asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Methodology To determine the expression of MCP-3 in AL, biopsies obtained during tooth extraction procedures were fixed, subjected to routine processing and diagnosed as apical granuloma (AG) (n = 7) or radicular cyst (RC) (n = 5). As controls, apical periodontal ligament (PDL) specimens from healthy premolars extracted for orthodontics reasons were included (n = 7). All specimens were immunostained for MCP-3 and examined under a light microscope. In addition, homogenates from AL (n = 14) and healthy PDL samples (n = 7) were studied through immunowestern blot. Finally, periapical exudates samples were collected from root canals of teeth having diagnosis of symptomatic (n = 14) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (n = 14) during routine endodontic treatments and analysed by immunowestern blot and densitometry. Results MCP-3 was detected in AG and RC and localized mainly to inflammatory leucocytes, whereas no expression was observed in healthy PDLs. MCP-3 was also detected in periapical exudate, and its levels were significantly higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Conclusions MCP-3 was expressed in AL and its levels associated with clinical symptoms. MCP-3 might play a role in disease pathogenesis, possibly by stimulating mononuclear chemotaxis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75751334" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b692c75e6b61ab587ae2c5882c54656" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83477674,"asset_id":75751334,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83477674/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="220178236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JorgeAntonioGamonalAravena">Jorge Antonio Gamonal Aravena</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="220178236" type="text/json">{"id":220178236,"first_name":"Jorge Antonio","last_name":"Gamonal Aravena","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JorgeAntonioGamonalAravena","display_name":"Jorge Antonio Gamonal Aravena","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JorgeAntonioGamonalAravena?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/220178236/78143896/66690839/s65_jorge_antonio.gamonal_aravena.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75751334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75751334"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75751334, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75751334", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75751334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75751334; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75751334"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75751334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75751334"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75751334; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75751334]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75751334").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75751334").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75751334"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry">Dentistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="596" type="text/json">{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37826" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy">Biopsy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37826" type="text/json">{"id":37826,"name":"Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75751334]'), work: {"id":75751334,"title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-3: possible involvement in apical periodontitis chemotaxis","created_at":"2022-04-07T12:53:32.337-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75751334/Monocyte_chemotactic_protein_3_possible_involvement_in_apical_periodontitis_chemotaxis?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_75751334","summary":"Aim To study the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3, also known as chemokine CCL-7) in tissue from apical lesions (AL) and to associate MCP-3 expression with symptomatic or asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Methodology To determine the expression of MCP-3 in AL, biopsies obtained during tooth extraction procedures were fixed, subjected to routine processing and diagnosed as apical granuloma (AG) (n = 7) or radicular cyst (RC) (n = 5). As controls, apical periodontal ligament (PDL) specimens from healthy premolars extracted for orthodontics reasons were included (n = 7). All specimens were immunostained for MCP-3 and examined under a light microscope. In addition, homogenates from AL (n = 14) and healthy PDL samples (n = 7) were studied through immunowestern blot. Finally, periapical exudates samples were collected from root canals of teeth having diagnosis of symptomatic (n = 14) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (n = 14) during routine endodontic treatments and analysed by immunowestern blot and densitometry. Results MCP-3 was detected in AG and RC and localized mainly to inflammatory leucocytes, whereas no expression was observed in healthy PDLs. MCP-3 was also detected in periapical exudate, and its levels were significantly higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Conclusions MCP-3 was expressed in AL and its levels associated with clinical symptoms. MCP-3 might play a role in disease pathogenesis, possibly by stimulating mononuclear chemotaxis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83477674,"asset_id":75751334,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":220178236,"first_name":"Jorge Antonio","last_name":"Gamonal Aravena","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JorgeAntonioGamonalAravena","display_name":"Jorge Antonio Gamonal Aravena","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JorgeAntonioGamonalAravena?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/220178236/78143896/66690839/s65_jorge_antonio.gamonal_aravena.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37826,"name":"Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":71510,"name":"Endothelial Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_Cells?f_ri=37834"},{"id":134100,"name":"Periodontal Ligament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periodontal_Ligament?f_ri=37834"},{"id":138877,"name":"Vascular endothelium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_endothelium?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375249,"name":"Periapical Granuloma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periapical_Granuloma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375250,"name":"Radicular Cyst","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radicular_Cyst?f_ri=37834"},{"id":561060,"name":"Dental Pulp Cavity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Pulp_Cavity?f_ri=37834"},{"id":783947,"name":"Endodontic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endodontic?f_ri=37834"},{"id":868560,"name":"Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphocytes?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1367983,"name":"Exudates and Transudates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exudates_and_Transudates?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1572902,"name":"Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monocyte_Chemotactic_Protein-1?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3149775,"name":"Plasma cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasma_cells?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3609931,"name":"Asymptomatic Diseases.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asymptomatic_Diseases?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73284106" data-work_id="73284106" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73284106/Evaluation_of_a_Western_Blot_Method_for_the_Detection_of_Yersinia_Antibodies_Evidence_of_Serological_Cross_Reactivity_between_Yersinia_Outer_Membrane_Proteins_and_Borrelia_burgdorferi">Evaluation of a Western Blot Method for the Detection of Yersinia Antibodies: Evidence of Serological Cross-Reactivity between Yersinia Outer Membrane Proteins and Borrelia burgdorferi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been identified as causative organisms of reactive arthritis in humans. We evaluated a Western blot assay which uses Yersinia outer membrane proteins as antigens for the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73284106" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been identified as causative organisms of reactive arthritis in humans. We evaluated a Western blot assay which uses Yersinia outer membrane proteins as antigens for the detection of Yersinia antibodies as a replacement for the complement fixation (CF) assay. Clinical agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were determined by testing 19 positive and 21 negative serum samples by the CF assay, Western blot assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CF assay and ELISA were compared to the Western blot assay, which was the reference method used in this study. Sera with antibodies that could potentially cross-react with Yersinia were also tested by the Western blot assay. The agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the CF method were 61%, 26%, and 95%, respectively; and those for the ELISA were 89%, 95%, and 82%, respectively. The prevalences of Yersinia antibodies in 50 healthy donors were 6% for immunoglobul...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73284106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a4e467075495f214a054181c32bbfabd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81863697,"asset_id":73284106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81863697/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="140511393" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Berkta%C5%9FMustafa">Mustafa Berktaş</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="140511393" type="text/json">{"id":140511393,"first_name":"Mustafa","last_name":"Berktaş","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BerktaşMustafa","display_name":"Mustafa Berktaş","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Berkta%C5%9FMustafa?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73284106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73284106"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73284106, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73284106", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73284106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73284106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73284106"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73284106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73284106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73284106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73284106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73284106").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73284106").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73284106"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34107" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlamydia_pneumoniae">Chlamydia pneumoniae</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34107" type="text/json">{"id":34107,"name":"Chlamydia pneumoniae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlamydia_pneumoniae?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States">United States</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98134" type="text/json">{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73284106]'), work: {"id":73284106,"title":"Evaluation of a Western Blot Method for the Detection of Yersinia Antibodies: Evidence of Serological Cross-Reactivity between Yersinia Outer Membrane Proteins and Borrelia burgdorferi","created_at":"2022-03-07T20:07:18.353-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73284106/Evaluation_of_a_Western_Blot_Method_for_the_Detection_of_Yersinia_Antibodies_Evidence_of_Serological_Cross_Reactivity_between_Yersinia_Outer_Membrane_Proteins_and_Borrelia_burgdorferi?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_73284106","summary":"Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been identified as causative organisms of reactive arthritis in humans. We evaluated a Western blot assay which uses Yersinia outer membrane proteins as antigens for the detection of Yersinia antibodies as a replacement for the complement fixation (CF) assay. Clinical agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were determined by testing 19 positive and 21 negative serum samples by the CF assay, Western blot assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CF assay and ELISA were compared to the Western blot assay, which was the reference method used in this study. Sera with antibodies that could potentially cross-react with Yersinia were also tested by the Western blot assay. The agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the CF method were 61%, 26%, and 95%, respectively; and those for the ELISA were 89%, 95%, and 82%, respectively. The prevalences of Yersinia antibodies in 50 healthy donors were 6% for immunoglobul...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81863697,"asset_id":73284106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":140511393,"first_name":"Mustafa","last_name":"Berktaş","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BerktaşMustafa","display_name":"Mustafa Berktaş","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Berkta%C5%9FMustafa?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":34107,"name":"Chlamydia pneumoniae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlamydia_pneumoniae?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":128172,"name":"Borrelia burgdorferi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borrelia_burgdorferi?f_ri=37834"},{"id":335965,"name":"Gram-negative bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram-negative_bacteria?f_ri=37834"},{"id":435727,"name":"Major histocompatibility complex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_histocompatibility_complex?f_ri=37834"},{"id":462111,"name":"Western blot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blot?f_ri=37834"},{"id":537759,"name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Tract?f_ri=37834"},{"id":538047,"name":"Young Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Children?f_ri=37834"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1180273,"name":"Outer Membrane Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outer_Membrane_Protein?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1180715,"name":"Abdominal Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abdominal_Pain?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1222799,"name":"Soil Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Water?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1716403,"name":"immunoglobulin G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_G?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1995876,"name":"Yersinia Enterocolitica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yersinia_Enterocolitica?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2056410,"name":"Complement fixation test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complement_fixation_test?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3990429,"name":"Yersinia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yersinia?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55383334" data-work_id="55383334" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55383334/Regulation_of_secretion_of_PTHrP_by_Ca_2_sensing_receptor_in_human_astrocytes_astrocytomas_and_meningiomas">Regulation of secretion of PTHrP by Ca(2+)-sensing receptor in human astrocytes, astrocytomas, and meningiomas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the major mediator of the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and of malignant osteolysis associated with skeletal metastases of common epithelial cancers. PTHrP secretion is regulated by the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55383334" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the major mediator of the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and of malignant osteolysis associated with skeletal metastases of common epithelial cancers. PTHrP secretion is regulated by the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](o)) in several types of normal and malignant cells. Because the [Ca(2+)](o)-sensing receptor (CaR) is a key mediator of [Ca(2+)](o)-regulated hormone secretion [e.g., of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by parathyroid chief cells], we investigated the expression of the CaR and PTHrP in normal and neoplastic glial cells and studied the effects of [Ca(2+)](o) on PTHrP secretion. Our results show that primary embryonic human astrocytes (HPA) express CaR mRNA and protein as detected by RT-PCR and Western analysis, respectively. Furthermore, astrocytomas and meningiomas also express the CaR at similar levels as assessed by RT-PCR and Northern and Western blot analyses. HPA and astrocytomas express transcripts encod...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55383334" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2221d1c413ad0810fb95c03fc4da4df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71278410,"asset_id":55383334,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71278410/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42187918" href="https://istanbulbilim.academia.edu/CetinEvliyaoglu">Cetin Evliyaoglu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42187918" type="text/json">{"id":42187918,"first_name":"Cetin","last_name":"Evliyaoglu","domain_name":"istanbulbilim","page_name":"CetinEvliyaoglu","display_name":"Cetin Evliyaoglu","profile_url":"https://istanbulbilim.academia.edu/CetinEvliyaoglu?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55383334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55383334"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55383334, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55383334", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55383334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55383334; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55383334"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55383334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55383334"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55383334; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55383334]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55383334").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55383334").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55383334"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91499" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glioblastoma">Glioblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="91499" type="text/json">{"id":91499,"name":"Glioblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glioblastoma?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55383334]'), work: {"id":55383334,"title":"Regulation of secretion of PTHrP by Ca(2+)-sensing receptor in human astrocytes, astrocytomas, and meningiomas","created_at":"2021-10-04T03:00:33.214-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55383334/Regulation_of_secretion_of_PTHrP_by_Ca_2_sensing_receptor_in_human_astrocytes_astrocytomas_and_meningiomas?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_55383334","summary":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the major mediator of the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and of malignant osteolysis associated with skeletal metastases of common epithelial cancers. PTHrP secretion is regulated by the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](o)) in several types of normal and malignant cells. Because the [Ca(2+)](o)-sensing receptor (CaR) is a key mediator of [Ca(2+)](o)-regulated hormone secretion [e.g., of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by parathyroid chief cells], we investigated the expression of the CaR and PTHrP in normal and neoplastic glial cells and studied the effects of [Ca(2+)](o) on PTHrP secretion. Our results show that primary embryonic human astrocytes (HPA) express CaR mRNA and protein as detected by RT-PCR and Western analysis, respectively. Furthermore, astrocytomas and meningiomas also express the CaR at similar levels as assessed by RT-PCR and Northern and Western blot analyses. HPA and astrocytomas express transcripts encod...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71278410,"asset_id":55383334,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42187918,"first_name":"Cetin","last_name":"Evliyaoglu","domain_name":"istanbulbilim","page_name":"CetinEvliyaoglu","display_name":"Cetin Evliyaoglu","profile_url":"https://istanbulbilim.academia.edu/CetinEvliyaoglu?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":91499,"name":"Glioblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glioblastoma?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=37834"},{"id":168200,"name":"Meningioma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meningioma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":196442,"name":"Astrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrocytes?f_ri=37834"},{"id":332062,"name":"Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parathyroid_Hormone_Related_Protein?f_ri=37834"},{"id":859051,"name":"Astrocytoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrocytoma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1425045,"name":"Brain Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Neoplasms?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3067128,"name":"reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reverse_transcriptase_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51776940" data-work_id="51776940" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51776940/Effect_of_Tacrolimus_on_Activity_and_Expression_of_P_Glycoprotein_and_ATP_Binding_Cassette_Transporter_A5_ABCA5_Proteins_In_Hematoencephalic_Barrier_Cells">Effect of Tacrolimus on Activity and Expression of P-Glycoprotein and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A5 (ABCA5) Proteins In Hematoencephalic Barrier Cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tacrolimus (FK506) is widely used as an immunosuppres-sor in clinical practice; nonetheless a great part of its mecha-nisms of action and the processes triggering side effects remain unknown.1) A wide spectrum of adverse effects including... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51776940" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tacrolimus (FK506) is widely used as an immunosuppres-sor in clinical practice; nonetheless a great part of its mecha-nisms of action and the processes triggering side effects remain unknown.1) A wide spectrum of adverse effects including neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51776940" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cd520fc243ccdc5fdc5aad37d5299ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69349693,"asset_id":51776940,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69349693/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="133198680" href="https://unam.academia.edu/GermanToledo">German Toledo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="133198680" type="text/json">{"id":133198680,"first_name":"German","last_name":"Toledo","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"GermanToledo","display_name":"German Toledo","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/GermanToledo?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51776940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51776940"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51776940, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51776940", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51776940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51776940; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51776940"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51776940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51776940"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51776940; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51776940]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51776940").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51776940").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51776940"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57818" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57818" type="text/json">{"id":57818,"name":"Tacrolimus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tacrolimus?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71510" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_Cells">Endothelial Cells</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71510" type="text/json">{"id":71510,"name":"Endothelial Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_Cells?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51776940]'), work: {"id":51776940,"title":"Effect of Tacrolimus on Activity and Expression of P-Glycoprotein and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A5 (ABCA5) Proteins In Hematoencephalic Barrier Cells","created_at":"2021-09-10T14:57:38.192-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51776940/Effect_of_Tacrolimus_on_Activity_and_Expression_of_P_Glycoprotein_and_ATP_Binding_Cassette_Transporter_A5_ABCA5_Proteins_In_Hematoencephalic_Barrier_Cells?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_51776940","summary":"Tacrolimus (FK506) is widely used as an immunosuppres-sor in clinical practice; nonetheless a great part of its mecha-nisms of action and the processes triggering side effects remain unknown.1) A wide spectrum of adverse effects including neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69349693,"asset_id":51776940,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":133198680,"first_name":"German","last_name":"Toledo","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"GermanToledo","display_name":"German Toledo","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/GermanToledo?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":57818,"name":"Tacrolimus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tacrolimus?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":71510,"name":"Endothelial Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_Cells?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":94123,"name":"Multidrug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance?f_ri=37834"},{"id":98913,"name":"Blood brain barrier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_brain_barrier?f_ri=37834"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=37834"},{"id":126972,"name":"P-glycoprotein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein?f_ri=37834"},{"id":247477,"name":"Caspase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caspase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":806503,"name":"Thiazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thiazoles?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2562571,"name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunosuppressive_Agents?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3067128,"name":"reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reverse_transcriptase_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50739920 coauthored" data-work_id="50739920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50739920/Nanocapsulated_curcumin_Oral_chemopreventive_formulation_against_diethylnitrosamine_induced_hepatocellular_carcinoma_in_rat">Nanocapsulated curcumin: Oral chemopreventive formulation against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Toxic outcome of chemical therapeutics as well as multidrug resistance are two serious phenomena for their inacceptance in cancer chemotherapy. Antioxidants like curcumin (Cur) have gained immense importance for their excellent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50739920" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Toxic outcome of chemical therapeutics as well as multidrug resistance are two serious phenomena for their inacceptance in cancer chemotherapy. Antioxidants like curcumin (Cur) have gained immense importance for their excellent anticarcinogenic activities and minimum toxic manifestations in biological system. However, Cur is lipophilic and thus following oral administration hardly appears in blood indicating its potential therapeutic challenge in cancer therapy. Nanocapsulated Cur has been used as a drug delivery vector to focus the effectiveness of these vesicles against hepatocellular carcinoma. The theme of work was to evaluate effectiveness in oral route of polylactide co-glycolide (PLGA) Nanocapsulated curcumin (Nano Cur) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rat. Nano Cur of average diameter 14 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 78% were prepared. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis revealed that there is no chemical interaction between drug and the polymer. Three i.p. injections of the chemical hepatocarcinogen DEN at 15 days interval causes hepatotoxicity, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, decrease in plasma membrane microviscosity and depletion of antioxidant enzyme levels in liver. Nano Cur (weekly oral treatment for 16 weeks at 20 mg/kg b.wt) in DEN induced HCC rats exerted significant protection against HCC and restored redox homeostasis in liver cells. Nanocapsulated Cur caused cancer cell apoptosis as visualized by ApoBrdU analysis. Histopathological analysis confirmed the pathological improvement in the liver. Nano Cur was found to be a potential formulation in oral route in combating the oxidative damage of hepatic cells and eliminating DEN induced hepatocellular cancer cells in rat whereas identical amount of free Cur treatment was found almost ineffective.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50739920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13efee6866b63872d7d12f08ff8c4ab1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68611484,"asset_id":50739920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68611484/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="105109995" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MandalArdhendu">Ardhendu Mandal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="105109995" type="text/json">{"id":105109995,"first_name":"Ardhendu","last_name":"Mandal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MandalArdhendu","display_name":"Ardhendu Mandal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MandalArdhendu?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-50739920">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-50739920"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KrishnaSaha26">Krishna Saha</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-50739920'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-50739920').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50739920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50739920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50739920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50739920", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50739920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50739920; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50739920"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50739920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50739920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50739920; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50739920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50739920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50739920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50739920"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24373" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy">Atomic Force Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24373" type="text/json">{"id":24373,"name":"Atomic Force Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54670" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FTIR">FTIR</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54670" type="text/json">{"id":54670,"name":"FTIR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FTIR?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50739920]'), work: {"id":50739920,"title":"Nanocapsulated curcumin: Oral chemopreventive formulation against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat","created_at":"2021-08-04T21:26:53.414-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50739920/Nanocapsulated_curcumin_Oral_chemopreventive_formulation_against_diethylnitrosamine_induced_hepatocellular_carcinoma_in_rat?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_50739920","summary":"Toxic outcome of chemical therapeutics as well as multidrug resistance are two serious phenomena for their inacceptance in cancer chemotherapy. Antioxidants like curcumin (Cur) have gained immense importance for their excellent anticarcinogenic activities and minimum toxic manifestations in biological system. However, Cur is lipophilic and thus following oral administration hardly appears in blood indicating its potential therapeutic challenge in cancer therapy. Nanocapsulated Cur has been used as a drug delivery vector to focus the effectiveness of these vesicles against hepatocellular carcinoma. The theme of work was to evaluate effectiveness in oral route of polylactide co-glycolide (PLGA) Nanocapsulated curcumin (Nano Cur) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rat. Nano Cur of average diameter 14 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 78% were prepared. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis revealed that there is no chemical interaction between drug and the polymer. Three i.p. injections of the chemical hepatocarcinogen DEN at 15 days interval causes hepatotoxicity, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, decrease in plasma membrane microviscosity and depletion of antioxidant enzyme levels in liver. Nano Cur (weekly oral treatment for 16 weeks at 20 mg/kg b.wt) in DEN induced HCC rats exerted significant protection against HCC and restored redox homeostasis in liver cells. Nanocapsulated Cur caused cancer cell apoptosis as visualized by ApoBrdU analysis. Histopathological analysis confirmed the pathological improvement in the liver. Nano Cur was found to be a potential formulation in oral route in combating the oxidative damage of hepatic cells and eliminating DEN induced hepatocellular cancer cells in rat whereas identical amount of free Cur treatment was found almost ineffective.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68611484,"asset_id":50739920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":105109995,"first_name":"Ardhendu","last_name":"Mandal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MandalArdhendu","display_name":"Ardhendu Mandal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MandalArdhendu?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":213940580,"first_name":"Krishna","last_name":"Saha","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KrishnaSaha26","display_name":"Krishna Saha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KrishnaSaha26?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24373,"name":"Atomic Force Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":54670,"name":"FTIR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FTIR?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":75498,"name":"AFM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AFM?f_ri=37834"},{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=37834"},{"id":93232,"name":"Curcumin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curcumin?f_ri=37834"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=37834"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":300178,"name":"Nanocapsules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanocapsules?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":398650,"name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy?f_ri=37834"},{"id":441334,"name":"Den","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Den?f_ri=37834"},{"id":543365,"name":"AST","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AST?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1261254,"name":"Diethylnitrosamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diethylnitrosamine?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2463495,"name":"Random Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Random_Allocation?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36103397" data-work_id="36103397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36103397/Phorbol_esters_induce_translocation_of_the_nPKC_p105_to_membrane_in_mussel_hemocytes">Phorbol esters induce translocation of the nPKC p105 to membrane in mussel hemocytes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Previous works revealed the presence of the nPKC enzyme p105 in hemocytes of M. galloprovincialis Lmk. Specific mussel antibodies were obtained from mouse and used in confocal microscopy and Western blotting. These techniques allowed the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36103397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous works revealed the presence of the nPKC enzyme p105 in hemocytes of M. galloprovincialis Lmk. Specific mussel antibodies were obtained from mouse and used in confocal microscopy and Western blotting. These techniques allowed the observation of p105 cytosol-to-membrane translocation induced by TPA for the first time in hemocytes of molluscs. The incubation of mussel immune cells with TPA for longer than 30 min also triggered a down-regulation process. Mussel hemocytes are an excellent model to study the molecular processes of innate immunity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36103397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32f7f8f960866d22f61637d5ed213325" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55994478,"asset_id":36103397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55994478/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50146524" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LCastroMercado">Luis Gabriel Castro Mercado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50146524" type="text/json">{"id":50146524,"first_name":"Luis Gabriel","last_name":"Castro Mercado","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LCastroMercado","display_name":"Luis Gabriel Castro Mercado","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LCastroMercado?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50146524/27149694/25556896/s65_luis_gabriel.castro_mercado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36103397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36103397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36103397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36103397", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36103397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36103397; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36103397"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36103397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36103397"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36103397; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36103397]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36103397").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36103397").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36103397"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18533" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy">Confocal Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18533" type="text/json">{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24706" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity">Innate immunity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24706" type="text/json">{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology">Molecular and cellular biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63067" type="text/json">{"id":63067,"name":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36103397]'), work: {"id":36103397,"title":"Phorbol esters induce translocation of the nPKC p105 to membrane in mussel hemocytes","created_at":"2018-03-07T12:20:30.216-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36103397/Phorbol_esters_induce_translocation_of_the_nPKC_p105_to_membrane_in_mussel_hemocytes?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_36103397","summary":"Previous works revealed the presence of the nPKC enzyme p105 in hemocytes of M. galloprovincialis Lmk. Specific mussel antibodies were obtained from mouse and used in confocal microscopy and Western blotting. These techniques allowed the observation of p105 cytosol-to-membrane translocation induced by TPA for the first time in hemocytes of molluscs. The incubation of mussel immune cells with TPA for longer than 30 min also triggered a down-regulation process. Mussel hemocytes are an excellent model to study the molecular processes of innate immunity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55994478,"asset_id":36103397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50146524,"first_name":"Luis Gabriel","last_name":"Castro Mercado","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LCastroMercado","display_name":"Luis Gabriel Castro Mercado","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LCastroMercado?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50146524/27149694/25556896/s65_luis_gabriel.castro_mercado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":63067,"name":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":84924,"name":"Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunity?f_ri=37834"},{"id":85920,"name":"Bivalvia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bivalvia?f_ri=37834"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=37834"},{"id":315091,"name":"Hemocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemocytes?f_ri=37834"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=37834"},{"id":462111,"name":"Western blot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blot?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1296969,"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_Cellular_Biochemistry?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1310183,"name":"Phorbol ester","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phorbol_ester?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1457054,"name":"Protein Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Transport?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2039739,"name":"Down-Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Down-Regulation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2468093,"name":"Cell Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5351399" data-work_id="5351399" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5351399/Rep_Cap_Gene_Amplification_and_High_Yield_Production_of_AAV_in_an_A549_Cell_Line_Expressing_Rep_Cap">Rep/Cap Gene Amplification and High-Yield Production of AAV in an A549 Cell Line Expressing Rep/Cap</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Here we describe a non-HeLa-derived rep/cap cell line called K209, generated by stable transfection of A549 cells with a plasmid construct containing the P5 rep/cap cassette from AAV2. Infection of K209 cells with adenovirus leads to a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5351399" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Here we describe a non-HeLa-derived rep/cap cell line called K209, generated by stable transfection of A549 cells with a plasmid construct containing the P5 rep/cap cassette from AAV2. Infection of K209 cells with adenovirus leads to a 1000-fold amplification of the rep/cap gene with high-yield production of AAV vectors. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) of adenovirus that led to maximum amplification of the rep/cap gene and high-level production of AAV is 10 times higher in the HeLa-based cell line than that required in K209 cells. Our data suggest that papilloma-derived gene products present in HeLa cells are not required for high-yield production of AAV vectors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5351399" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e43792b42a09e1c86ffc4179c7bbfa51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49330418,"asset_id":5351399,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49330418/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="288671" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/PhoiTran">Phoi Tran</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="288671" type="text/json">{"id":288671,"first_name":"Phoi","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"PhoiTran","display_name":"Phoi Tran","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/PhoiTran?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5351399 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5351399"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5351399, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5351399", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5351399 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5351399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5351399"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5351399 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5351399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5351399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5351399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5351399").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5351399").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5351399"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41012" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_DNA_Technology">Recombinant DNA Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41012" type="text/json">{"id":41012,"name":"Recombinant DNA Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_DNA_Technology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5351399]'), work: {"id":5351399,"title":"Rep/Cap Gene Amplification and High-Yield Production of AAV in an A549 Cell Line Expressing Rep/Cap","created_at":"2013-12-07T15:56:49.022-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5351399/Rep_Cap_Gene_Amplification_and_High_Yield_Production_of_AAV_in_an_A549_Cell_Line_Expressing_Rep_Cap?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_5351399","summary":"Here we describe a non-HeLa-derived rep/cap cell line called K209, generated by stable transfection of A549 cells with a plasmid construct containing the P5 rep/cap cassette from AAV2. Infection of K209 cells with adenovirus leads to a 1000-fold amplification of the rep/cap gene with high-yield production of AAV vectors. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) of adenovirus that led to maximum amplification of the rep/cap gene and high-level production of AAV is 10 times higher in the HeLa-based cell line than that required in K209 cells. Our data suggest that papilloma-derived gene products present in HeLa cells are not required for high-yield production of AAV vectors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49330418,"asset_id":5351399,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":288671,"first_name":"Phoi","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"PhoiTran","display_name":"Phoi Tran","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/PhoiTran?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":41012,"name":"Recombinant DNA Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_DNA_Technology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=37834"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834"},{"id":65882,"name":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization?f_ri=37834"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":165680,"name":"Adeno-associated virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adeno-associated_virus?f_ri=37834"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=37834"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1186610,"name":"DNA binding proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_binding_proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1212105,"name":"Molecular Targeted Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Targeted_Therapy?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2460797,"name":"Multiplicity of Infection (MOI)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiplicity_of_Infection_MOI_?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12771672" data-work_id="12771672" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12771672/Opposing_effects_of_cortisol_and_dehydroepiandrosterone_on_the_expression_of_the_receptor_for_Activated_C_Kinase_1_Implications_in_immunosenescence">Opposing effects of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone on the expression of the receptor for Activated C Kinase 1: Implications in immunosenescence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aging is associated to a decline in immune functions that are in part related to a defective protein kinase C dependent signal transduction machinery. RACK-1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) is a scaffold protein for different kinases... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12771672" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aging is associated to a decline in immune functions that are in part related to a defective protein kinase C dependent signal transduction machinery. RACK-1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) is a scaffold protein for different kinases and membrane receptors. We have previously demonstrated, in the elderly, a defective PCKβII (Protein Kinase C βII) translocation related to a decrease in RACK-1 protein expression, which is correlated to the age-associated decline in DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) levels. As a consequence of this signal transduction impairment, a significant decrease in immune cells functionality was observed. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that in vivo and in vitro DHEA administration restored RACK-1 level and immune functions, indicating that this hormone behaved as a positive RACK-1 regulator. We have most recently characterized the human GNB2L1 promoter region, coding for RACK-1 protein. Although no direct DHEA responsive elements were found, a glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) was identified. The purpose of this work was to investigate, in the human pro-myelocytic cell line THP-1, whether physiological cortisol concentrations were able to modulate GNB2L1 promoter activity, RACK-1 transcription as well as cytokine production. As DHEA is endowed of anti-glucocorticoid properties in several cellular systems, and as cortisol:DHEA ratio imbalance is relevant in aging, we also investigated their possible interaction at the RACK-1 expression level. We could demonstrate that cortisol acted in a dose-related manner as a GNB2L1 promoter repressor, reducing RACK-1 mRNA expression and protein level. Probably by interfering with glucocorticoid receptor binding to GRE sequence, prolonged DHEA exposure counteracted cortisol effects, restoring RACK-1 levels and cytokine production, as assessed by LPS-induced TNF-α release.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12771672" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c3abcd80581cc4858bd2ab6333004f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45947275,"asset_id":12771672,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45947275/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31826272" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaLanni">Cristina Lanni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31826272" type="text/json">{"id":31826272,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Lanni","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaLanni","display_name":"Cristina Lanni","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaLanni?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12771672 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12771672"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12771672, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12771672", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12771672 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12771672; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12771672"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12771672 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12771672"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12771672; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12771672]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12771672").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12771672").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12771672"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12611" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structures_and_Fire_Engineering">Structures and Fire Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12611" type="text/json">{"id":12611,"name":"Structures and Fire Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structures_and_Fire_Engineering?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57808" type="text/json">{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12771672]'), work: {"id":12771672,"title":"Opposing effects of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone on the expression of the receptor for Activated C Kinase 1: Implications in immunosenescence","created_at":"2015-06-03T04:36:19.753-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12771672/Opposing_effects_of_cortisol_and_dehydroepiandrosterone_on_the_expression_of_the_receptor_for_Activated_C_Kinase_1_Implications_in_immunosenescence?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_12771672","summary":"Aging is associated to a decline in immune functions that are in part related to a defective protein kinase C dependent signal transduction machinery. RACK-1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) is a scaffold protein for different kinases and membrane receptors. We have previously demonstrated, in the elderly, a defective PCKβII (Protein Kinase C βII) translocation related to a decrease in RACK-1 protein expression, which is correlated to the age-associated decline in DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) levels. As a consequence of this signal transduction impairment, a significant decrease in immune cells functionality was observed. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that in vivo and in vitro DHEA administration restored RACK-1 level and immune functions, indicating that this hormone behaved as a positive RACK-1 regulator. We have most recently characterized the human GNB2L1 promoter region, coding for RACK-1 protein. Although no direct DHEA responsive elements were found, a glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) was identified. The purpose of this work was to investigate, in the human pro-myelocytic cell line THP-1, whether physiological cortisol concentrations were able to modulate GNB2L1 promoter activity, RACK-1 transcription as well as cytokine production. As DHEA is endowed of anti-glucocorticoid properties in several cellular systems, and as cortisol:DHEA ratio imbalance is relevant in aging, we also investigated their possible interaction at the RACK-1 expression level. We could demonstrate that cortisol acted in a dose-related manner as a GNB2L1 promoter repressor, reducing RACK-1 mRNA expression and protein level. Probably by interfering with glucocorticoid receptor binding to GRE sequence, prolonged DHEA exposure counteracted cortisol effects, restoring RACK-1 levels and cytokine production, as assessed by LPS-induced TNF-α release.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45947275,"asset_id":12771672,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31826272,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Lanni","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaLanni","display_name":"Cristina Lanni","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaLanni?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12611,"name":"Structures and Fire Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structures_and_Fire_Engineering?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=37834"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=37834"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=37834"},{"id":310960,"name":"mRna expression levels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mRna_expression_levels?f_ri=37834"},{"id":329844,"name":"Experimental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=37834"},{"id":474029,"name":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha?f_ri=37834"},{"id":501806,"name":"Protein Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Expression?f_ri=37834"},{"id":564491,"name":"Dehydroepiandrosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dehydroepiandrosterone?f_ri=37834"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=37834"},{"id":675427,"name":"Immune function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_function?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1293308,"name":"Glucocorticoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucocorticoids?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1714296,"name":"Cellular system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_system?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13914805" data-work_id="13914805" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13914805/Regulation_of_microRNA_1288_in_colorectal_cancer_Altered_expression_and_its_clinicopathological_significance">Regulation of microRNA‐1288 in colorectal cancer: Altered expression and its clinicopathological significance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We aim to examine the miR-1288 expression in cancer cell lines and a large cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. Two colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and SW48) and one normal colonic epithelial cell line (FHC) were recruited. The miRNA... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13914805" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We aim to examine the miR-1288 expression in cancer cell lines and a large cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. Two colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and SW48) and one normal colonic epithelial cell line (FHC) were recruited. The miRNA expressions of miR-1288 were tested on these cell lines by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). An exogenous miR-1288 (mimic) was used to detect cell proliferation and cell cycle changes in SW480 using MTT calorimetric assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, tissues from 122 patients with surgical resection of colorectum (82 adenocarcinomas, 20 adenomas, and 20 non-neoplastic tissues) were tested for miR-1288 expression by qRT-PCR. The colon cancer cell lines showed reduced expression of miR-1288 compared to normal colonic epithelial cell line. Over expression of miR-1288 in SW480 cell line showed increased cell proliferation and increased G2-M phase cells. In tissues, reduced miR-1288 expression was noted in majority of colorectal adenocarcinoma compared to colorectal adenoma and non-neoplastic tissues. Reduced or absent expression of miR-1288 was noted in 76% (n ¼ 62/82) of the cancers. The expression levels of miR-1288 were higher in distal colorectal adenocarcinomas (P ¼ 0.013) and in cancers of lower T staging (P ¼ 0.033). To conclude, alternation of miR-1288 expression is important in the progression of colorectal cancer. The differential regulation of miR-1288 was found to be related to cancer location and pathological staging in colorectal cancers. ß</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13914805" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c925dc63881f58733ddea0543c1a9741" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44809067,"asset_id":13914805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44809067/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32982398" href="https://tehran.academia.edu/ASalajegheh">A. Salajegheh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32982398" type="text/json">{"id":32982398,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Salajegheh","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"ASalajegheh","display_name":"A. Salajegheh","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/ASalajegheh?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13914805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13914805"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13914805, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13914805", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13914805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13914805; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13914805"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13914805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13914805"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13914805; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13914805]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13914805").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13914805").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13914805"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3701" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA">RNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3701" type="text/json">{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5490" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MicroRNA">MicroRNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5490" type="text/json">{"id":5490,"name":"MicroRNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MicroRNA?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6599" type="text/json">{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13914805]'), work: {"id":13914805,"title":"Regulation of microRNA‐1288 in colorectal cancer: Altered expression and its clinicopathological significance","created_at":"2015-07-11T06:39:01.403-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13914805/Regulation_of_microRNA_1288_in_colorectal_cancer_Altered_expression_and_its_clinicopathological_significance?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_13914805","summary":"We aim to examine the miR-1288 expression in cancer cell lines and a large cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. Two colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and SW48) and one normal colonic epithelial cell line (FHC) were recruited. The miRNA expressions of miR-1288 were tested on these cell lines by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). An exogenous miR-1288 (mimic) was used to detect cell proliferation and cell cycle changes in SW480 using MTT calorimetric assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, tissues from 122 patients with surgical resection of colorectum (82 adenocarcinomas, 20 adenomas, and 20 non-neoplastic tissues) were tested for miR-1288 expression by qRT-PCR. The colon cancer cell lines showed reduced expression of miR-1288 compared to normal colonic epithelial cell line. Over expression of miR-1288 in SW480 cell line showed increased cell proliferation and increased G2-M phase cells. In tissues, reduced miR-1288 expression was noted in majority of colorectal adenocarcinoma compared to colorectal adenoma and non-neoplastic tissues. Reduced or absent expression of miR-1288 was noted in 76% (n ¼ 62/82) of the cancers. The expression levels of miR-1288 were higher in distal colorectal adenocarcinomas (P ¼ 0.013) and in cancers of lower T staging (P ¼ 0.033). To conclude, alternation of miR-1288 expression is important in the progression of colorectal cancer. The differential regulation of miR-1288 was found to be related to cancer location and pathological staging in colorectal cancers. ß","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44809067,"asset_id":13914805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32982398,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Salajegheh","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"ASalajegheh","display_name":"A. Salajegheh","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/ASalajegheh?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":5490,"name":"MicroRNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MicroRNA?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=37834"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=37834"},{"id":290569,"name":"Cultured meat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultured_meat?f_ri=37834"},{"id":295854,"name":"microRNAs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/microRNAs?f_ri=37834"},{"id":424295,"name":"Survival Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Rate?f_ri=37834"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":536979,"name":"MOLECULAR CARCİNOGENESİS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MOLECULAR_CARC%C4%B0NOGENES%C4%B0S?f_ri=37834"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":963748,"name":"Adenoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenoma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1745478,"name":"Adenocarcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenocarcinoma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2440562,"name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Neoplasms?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20673244" data-work_id="20673244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20673244/Local_Recurrence_in_Head_and_Neck_Cancer_Relationship_to_Radiation_Resistance_and_Signal_Transduction">Local Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Relationship to Radiation Resistance and Signal Transduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: Locoregional recurrence is the dominant form of treatment failure in head and neck (H&N) cancer. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently amplified in this disease (<80%) and can lead to activation of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20673244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: Locoregional recurrence is the dominant form of treatment failure in head and neck (H&N) cancer. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently amplified in this disease (<80%) and can lead to activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), both directly and indirectly through Ras. We have shown previously that radioresistance could be conferred via the Ras-PI3K pathway. Here we investigate the contribution of EGFR to this pathway and its impact on treatment outcome.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20673244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17eb016bad7550e85c8438048541624e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41498103,"asset_id":20673244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41498103/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35284783" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/GilliesMcKenna">Gillies McKenna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35284783" type="text/json">{"id":35284783,"first_name":"Gillies","last_name":"McKenna","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GilliesMcKenna","display_name":"Gillies McKenna","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GilliesMcKenna?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/13800295aa1326ca8ec9db24c2834b53?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20673244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20673244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20673244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20673244", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20673244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20673244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20673244"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20673244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20673244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20673244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20673244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20673244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20673244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20673244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors">Enzyme Inhibitors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12981" type="text/json">{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20673244]'), work: {"id":20673244,"title":"Local Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Relationship to Radiation Resistance and Signal Transduction","created_at":"2016-01-23T22:25:31.160-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20673244/Local_Recurrence_in_Head_and_Neck_Cancer_Relationship_to_Radiation_Resistance_and_Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_20673244","summary":"Purpose: Locoregional recurrence is the dominant form of treatment failure in head and neck (H\u0026N) cancer. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently amplified in this disease (\u003c80%) and can lead to activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), both directly and indirectly through Ras. We have shown previously that radioresistance could be conferred via the Ras-PI3K pathway. Here we investigate the contribution of EGFR to this pathway and its impact on treatment outcome.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41498103,"asset_id":20673244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35284783,"first_name":"Gillies","last_name":"McKenna","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GilliesMcKenna","display_name":"Gillies McKenna","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GilliesMcKenna?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/13800295aa1326ca8ec9db24c2834b53?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=37834"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=37834"},{"id":172083,"name":"Phosphorylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorylation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=37834"},{"id":315194,"name":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma_OSCC_?f_ri=37834"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":824506,"name":"Chromones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromones?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1159983,"name":"Radiation Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Tolerance?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1942929,"name":"Growth factor receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_factor_receptor?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1947600,"name":"Quinazolines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quinazolines?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73509473" data-work_id="73509473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73509473/Cloning_characterization_and_expression_of_Bartonella_henselae_p26">Cloning, characterization, and expression of Bartonella henselae p26</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to identify immunoreactive Bartonella henselae proteins, B. henselae antiserum from an experimentally infected cat was used to screen a B. henselae genomic DNA expression library. One immunoreactive phage clone contained a gene... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73509473" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to identify immunoreactive Bartonella henselae proteins, B. henselae antiserum from an experimentally infected cat was used to screen a B. henselae genomic DNA expression library. One immunoreactive phage clone contained a gene (p26) with significant nucleotide identity with orthologs in brucellae, bartonellae, and several plant-associated bacteria. p26 gene sequences from four B. henselae strains, one B. koehlerae strain, and one B. clarridgeiae strain were cloned. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis showed that p26 is a potential marker for molecular diagnosis of infection, as well as for identification to species level and genotyping of Bartonella sp. isolates. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences illustrated conserved putative protein features including a hydrophobic transmembrane region, a peptide cleavage site, and four dominant antigenic sites. Expression of p26 in Escherichia coli produced two proteins (26 and 27.5 kDa), both of which were reactive with feline anti-B. henselae antisera. Furthermore, murine hyperimmune serum raised against either recombinant protein reacted with both proteins. No reactivity to either recombinant protein was detected in nonimmune serum, and reactivity persisted as long as 20 weeks for one cat. The p26 protein product is an immunodominant antigen that is expressed during infection in cats as a preprotein and is subsequently cleaved to form mature P26.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73509473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d12c422eaa5cdfdbc917a316a0b09787" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82005035,"asset_id":73509473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82005035/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="161778822" href="https://youtue.academia.edu/DavidWebster">David Webster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="161778822" type="text/json">{"id":161778822,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Webster","domain_name":"youtue","page_name":"DavidWebster","display_name":"David Webster","profile_url":"https://youtue.academia.edu/DavidWebster?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73509473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73509473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73509473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73509473", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73509473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73509473; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73509473"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73509473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73509473"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73509473; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73509473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73509473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73509473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73509473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats">Cats</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41088" type="text/json">{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73509473]'), work: {"id":73509473,"title":"Cloning, characterization, and expression of Bartonella henselae p26","created_at":"2022-03-10T21:06:03.271-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73509473/Cloning_characterization_and_expression_of_Bartonella_henselae_p26?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_73509473","summary":"In order to identify immunoreactive Bartonella henselae proteins, B. henselae antiserum from an experimentally infected cat was used to screen a B. henselae genomic DNA expression library. One immunoreactive phage clone contained a gene (p26) with significant nucleotide identity with orthologs in brucellae, bartonellae, and several plant-associated bacteria. p26 gene sequences from four B. henselae strains, one B. koehlerae strain, and one B. clarridgeiae strain were cloned. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis showed that p26 is a potential marker for molecular diagnosis of infection, as well as for identification to species level and genotyping of Bartonella sp. isolates. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences illustrated conserved putative protein features including a hydrophobic transmembrane region, a peptide cleavage site, and four dominant antigenic sites. Expression of p26 in Escherichia coli produced two proteins (26 and 27.5 kDa), both of which were reactive with feline anti-B. henselae antisera. Furthermore, murine hyperimmune serum raised against either recombinant protein reacted with both proteins. No reactivity to either recombinant protein was detected in nonimmune serum, and reactivity persisted as long as 20 weeks for one cat. The p26 protein product is an immunodominant antigen that is expressed during infection in cats as a preprotein and is subsequently cleaved to form mature P26.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82005035,"asset_id":73509473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":161778822,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Webster","domain_name":"youtue","page_name":"DavidWebster","display_name":"David Webster","profile_url":"https://youtue.academia.edu/DavidWebster?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=37834"},{"id":67484,"name":"Sequence alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment?f_ri=37834"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":136892,"name":"Immunization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunization?f_ri=37834"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=37834"},{"id":371424,"name":"Genomic DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomic_DNA?f_ri=37834"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":959510,"name":"Recombinant Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Protein?f_ri=37834"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1006072,"name":"Molecular Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Diagnosis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1597877,"name":"Nucleotides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleotides?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2919301,"name":"Nucleotide sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleotide_sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3910440,"name":"Bartonella henselae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bartonella_henselae?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70490207" data-work_id="70490207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70490207/Role_of_complement_activation_and_antibody_in_the_interaction_between_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_and_human_macrophages">Role of complement activation and antibody in the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human macrophages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies possess immunomodulatory effects during tuberculosis infection. Prior sensitization to environmental mycobacteria is known to suppress immune responses against BCG and M. tuberculosis.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70490207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies possess immunomodulatory effects during tuberculosis infection. Prior sensitization to environmental mycobacteria is known to suppress immune responses against BCG and M. tuberculosis. Mycobacteria-induced antibodies can influence events such as complement activation and phagocytosis during infectious process. In the present study role of anti-M. tuberculosis IgG (anti-M. tb IgG) antibody during interaction between M. tuberculosis and human macrophages mediated through complement has been examined in vitro. Anti-M. tb IgG antibody significantly enhanced complement activation by M. tuberculosis. Phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis by macrophages increased significantly in the presence of complement and/or antibody. Moreover, antibody enhanced phagocytosis in the presence of complement. Addition of antibody alone or in combination with complement also augmented intracellular viability of bacilli within macrophages. Results of this study showe...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70490207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15720657aeba43292171a49584d875a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80223062,"asset_id":70490207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80223062/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115156324" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VadakkuppattuRamanathan">Vadakkuppattu Ramanathan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115156324" type="text/json">{"id":115156324,"first_name":"Vadakkuppattu","last_name":"Ramanathan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VadakkuppattuRamanathan","display_name":"Vadakkuppattu Ramanathan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VadakkuppattuRamanathan?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115156324/136352835/125805078/s65_vadakkuppattu.ramanathan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70490207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70490207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70490207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70490207", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70490207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70490207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70490207"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70490207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70490207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70490207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70490207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70490207").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70490207").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70490207"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2705" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complement_activation">Complement activation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2705" type="text/json">{"id":2705,"name":"Complement activation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complement_activation?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages">Macrophages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17491" type="text/json">{"id":17491,"name":"Macrophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70490207]'), work: {"id":70490207,"title":"Role of complement activation and antibody in the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human macrophages","created_at":"2022-02-04T22:44:10.340-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70490207/Role_of_complement_activation_and_antibody_in_the_interaction_between_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_and_human_macrophages?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_70490207","summary":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies possess immunomodulatory effects during tuberculosis infection. Prior sensitization to environmental mycobacteria is known to suppress immune responses against BCG and M. tuberculosis. Mycobacteria-induced antibodies can influence events such as complement activation and phagocytosis during infectious process. In the present study role of anti-M. tuberculosis IgG (anti-M. tb IgG) antibody during interaction between M. tuberculosis and human macrophages mediated through complement has been examined in vitro. Anti-M. tb IgG antibody significantly enhanced complement activation by M. tuberculosis. Phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis by macrophages increased significantly in the presence of complement and/or antibody. Moreover, antibody enhanced phagocytosis in the presence of complement. Addition of antibody alone or in combination with complement also augmented intracellular viability of bacilli within macrophages. Results of this study showe...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80223062,"asset_id":70490207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":115156324,"first_name":"Vadakkuppattu","last_name":"Ramanathan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VadakkuppattuRamanathan","display_name":"Vadakkuppattu Ramanathan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VadakkuppattuRamanathan?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115156324/136352835/125805078/s65_vadakkuppattu.ramanathan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2705,"name":"Complement activation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complement_activation?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":17491,"name":"Macrophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":193464,"name":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Dodecyl_Sulfate-Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":216776,"name":"Indian Journal of Experimental Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Experimental_Biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":743643,"name":"Host Pathogen Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Pathogen_Interactions?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67667576" data-work_id="67667576" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67667576/Cloning_and_expression_of_a_Xenopus_liver_cDNA_encoding_a_fructose_phosphate_insensitive_regulatory_protein_of_glucokinase">Cloning and expression of a Xenopus liver cDNA encoding a fructose-phosphate-insensitive regulatory protein of glucokinase</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Xenopus liver contains a protein inhibitor of glucokinase that, in contrast to the mammalian regulatory protein of glucokinase, is insensitive to fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate [Vandercammen A. & Van Schaftingen, E. (1993)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67667576" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Xenopus liver contains a protein inhibitor of glucokinase that, in contrast to the mammalian regulatory protein of glucokinase, is insensitive to fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate [Vandercammen A. & Van Schaftingen, E. (1993) Biochem. J. 294, 551-556]. The purpose of this work was to compare the primary structure and other properties of this Xenopus protein with those of its rat liver counterpart. A Xenopus laevis liver cDNA library was screened using the cDNA encoding the rat liver regulatory protein as a probe. The cloned cDNA was 2534 bp long and encoded a 619-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 68695 Da and 57% identity with the rat liver regulatory protein. This identity was only about 30% in an internal region (amino acids 349-381) and in the 70 carboxy terminal-residues. The Xenopus cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant regulatory protein was purified to near homogeneity and found to have the same size, reactivity to antibodies and eff...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67667576" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8a298c034e9227d90fe25b99476e630" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78404206,"asset_id":67667576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78404206/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52116447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmileSchaftingen">Emile Schaftingen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52116447" type="text/json">{"id":52116447,"first_name":"Emile","last_name":"Schaftingen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmileSchaftingen","display_name":"Emile Schaftingen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmileSchaftingen?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67667576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67667576"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67667576, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67667576", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67667576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67667576; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67667576"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67667576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67667576"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67667576; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67667576]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67667576").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67667576").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67667576"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver">Liver</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71437" type="text/json">{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67667576]'), work: {"id":67667576,"title":"Cloning and expression of a Xenopus liver cDNA encoding a fructose-phosphate-insensitive regulatory protein of glucokinase","created_at":"2022-01-09T02:03:50.882-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67667576/Cloning_and_expression_of_a_Xenopus_liver_cDNA_encoding_a_fructose_phosphate_insensitive_regulatory_protein_of_glucokinase?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_67667576","summary":"Xenopus liver contains a protein inhibitor of glucokinase that, in contrast to the mammalian regulatory protein of glucokinase, is insensitive to fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate [Vandercammen A. \u0026 Van Schaftingen, E. (1993) Biochem. J. 294, 551-556]. The purpose of this work was to compare the primary structure and other properties of this Xenopus protein with those of its rat liver counterpart. A Xenopus laevis liver cDNA library was screened using the cDNA encoding the rat liver regulatory protein as a probe. The cloned cDNA was 2534 bp long and encoded a 619-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 68695 Da and 57% identity with the rat liver regulatory protein. This identity was only about 30% in an internal region (amino acids 349-381) and in the 70 carboxy terminal-residues. The Xenopus cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant regulatory protein was purified to near homogeneity and found to have the same size, reactivity to antibodies and eff...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78404206,"asset_id":67667576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52116447,"first_name":"Emile","last_name":"Schaftingen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmileSchaftingen","display_name":"Emile Schaftingen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmileSchaftingen?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":71445,"name":"Glucokinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucokinase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=37834"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=37834"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":477264,"name":"Xenopus laevis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenopus_laevis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3789880,"name":"Medical biochemistry and metabolomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_biochemistry_and_metabolomics?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66575407" data-work_id="66575407" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66575407/Aging_Analysis_Reveals_Slowed_Tau_Turnover_and_Enhanced_Stress_Response_in_a_Mouse_Model_of_Tauopathy">Aging Analysis Reveals Slowed Tau Turnover and Enhanced Stress Response in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have extensively analyzed the biochemical and histochemical profiles of the tau protein from the rTg4510 transgenic mouse model in which the animals uniquely develop forebrain tau pathologies similar to those found in human... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66575407" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have extensively analyzed the biochemical and histochemical profiles of the tau protein from the rTg4510 transgenic mouse model in which the animals uniquely develop forebrain tau pathologies similar to those found in human tauopathies. Levels of several soluble phosphorylated tau species were highest at 1 month relative to later time points , suggesting that certain tau hyperphosphorylation events were insufficient to drive tangle formation in young mice. Despite a robust , pre-tangle-like accumulation of phospho-tau in 1-month-old mice , this material was cleared by 3 months , indicating that the young mouse brain either fails to facilitate tau insolubility or possesses an enhanced ability to clear tau relative to the adult. We also found that while heat shock protein expression increased with normal aging , this process was accelerated in rTg4510 mice. Moreover , by exploiting an exon 10 (؊) specific antibody , we demonstrated that endogenous mouse tau turnover was slowed in response to human tau over-expression, and that this endogenous tau adopted disease-related properties. These data suggest that a younger brain fails to develop lasting tau pathology despite elevated levels of phosphorylated tau , perhaps because of reduced expression of stress-related proteins. Moreover , we show that the active production of small amounts of abnormal tau protein facilitates dysfunction and accumulation of otherwise normal tau , a significant implication for the pathogenesis of patients with Alzheimer's disease.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66575407" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dedcd1811a97fb4ea4c102575e51f979" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77712908,"asset_id":66575407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77712908/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32525362" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DicksonDennis">Dennis Dickson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32525362" type="text/json">{"id":32525362,"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Dickson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DicksonDennis","display_name":"Dennis Dickson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DicksonDennis?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66575407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66575407"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66575407, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66575407", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66575407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66575407; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66575407"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66575407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66575407"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66575407; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66575407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66575407").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66575407").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66575407"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66575407]'), work: {"id":66575407,"title":"Aging Analysis Reveals Slowed Tau Turnover and Enhanced Stress Response in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy","created_at":"2021-12-30T07:35:24.360-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66575407/Aging_Analysis_Reveals_Slowed_Tau_Turnover_and_Enhanced_Stress_Response_in_a_Mouse_Model_of_Tauopathy?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_66575407","summary":"We have extensively analyzed the biochemical and histochemical profiles of the tau protein from the rTg4510 transgenic mouse model in which the animals uniquely develop forebrain tau pathologies similar to those found in human tauopathies. Levels of several soluble phosphorylated tau species were highest at 1 month relative to later time points , suggesting that certain tau hyperphosphorylation events were insufficient to drive tangle formation in young mice. Despite a robust , pre-tangle-like accumulation of phospho-tau in 1-month-old mice , this material was cleared by 3 months , indicating that the young mouse brain either fails to facilitate tau insolubility or possesses an enhanced ability to clear tau relative to the adult. We also found that while heat shock protein expression increased with normal aging , this process was accelerated in rTg4510 mice. Moreover , by exploiting an exon 10 (؊) specific antibody , we demonstrated that endogenous mouse tau turnover was slowed in response to human tau over-expression, and that this endogenous tau adopted disease-related properties. These data suggest that a younger brain fails to develop lasting tau pathology despite elevated levels of phosphorylated tau , perhaps because of reduced expression of stress-related proteins. Moreover , we show that the active production of small amounts of abnormal tau protein facilitates dysfunction and accumulation of otherwise normal tau , a significant implication for the pathogenesis of patients with Alzheimer's disease.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77712908,"asset_id":66575407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32525362,"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Dickson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DicksonDennis","display_name":"Dennis Dickson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DicksonDennis?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37931,"name":"Transgenic Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic_Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":98707,"name":"Stress response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_response?f_ri=37834"},{"id":216699,"name":"Immunoprecipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoprecipitation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":323415,"name":"Mouse Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mouse_Model?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3095972,"name":"Tau proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tau_proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65928060" data-work_id="65928060" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65928060/Isolation_and_characterization_of_5_lipoxygenase_from_tulip_bulbs">Isolation and characterization of 5-lipoxygenase from tulip bulbs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Lipoxygenases are a group of closely related enzymes responsible for the dioxygenation of various polyenoic fatty acids containing all-cis-methylene-interrupted double bonds. The nomenclature for lipoxygenases is based on the site of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65928060" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Lipoxygenases are a group of closely related enzymes responsible for the dioxygenation of various polyenoic fatty acids containing all-cis-methylene-interrupted double bonds. The nomenclature for lipoxygenases is based on the site of insertion of molecular oxygen on the fatty acid molecule, in this</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65928060" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b32505611faf790a3840db497a991b5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77314338,"asset_id":65928060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77314338/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27070965" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReddyChanna">Channa Reddy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27070965" type="text/json">{"id":27070965,"first_name":"Channa","last_name":"Reddy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReddyChanna","display_name":"Channa Reddy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReddyChanna?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27070965/7927715/8881318/s65_channa.reddy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65928060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65928060"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65928060, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65928060", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65928060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65928060; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65928060"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65928060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65928060"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65928060; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65928060]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65928060").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65928060").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65928060"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5769" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry">Mass Spectrometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5769" type="text/json">{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysical_Chemistry">Biophysical Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19156" type="text/json">{"id":19156,"name":"Biophysical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysical_Chemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65928060]'), work: {"id":65928060,"title":"Isolation and characterization of 5-lipoxygenase from tulip bulbs","created_at":"2021-12-25T03:31:49.928-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65928060/Isolation_and_characterization_of_5_lipoxygenase_from_tulip_bulbs?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_65928060","summary":"Lipoxygenases are a group of closely related enzymes responsible for the dioxygenation of various polyenoic fatty acids containing all-cis-methylene-interrupted double bonds. The nomenclature for lipoxygenases is based on the site of insertion of molecular oxygen on the fatty acid molecule, in this","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77314338,"asset_id":65928060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27070965,"first_name":"Channa","last_name":"Reddy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReddyChanna","display_name":"Channa Reddy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReddyChanna?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27070965/7927715/8881318/s65_channa.reddy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":19156,"name":"Biophysical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysical_Chemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=37834"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834"},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=37834"},{"id":246560,"name":"High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=37834"},{"id":317145,"name":"Nuclear envelope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_envelope?f_ri=37834"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=37834"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=37834"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1509324,"name":"Arachidonic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arachidonic_Acid?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2054788,"name":"Isoelectric point","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoelectric_point?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3789880,"name":"Medical biochemistry and metabolomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_biochemistry_and_metabolomics?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61565135" data-work_id="61565135" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61565135/Expression_of_pregnancy_associated_plasma_protein_A2_during_pregnancy_in_human_and_mouse">Expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 during pregnancy in human and mouse</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and-A2 (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are proteases that cleave IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and thereby increase the bioavailability of growth factors. PAPPA has long been recognized as a marker of fetal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61565135" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and-A2 (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are proteases that cleave IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and thereby increase the bioavailability of growth factors. PAPPA has long been recognized as a marker of fetal genetic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, although PAPPA2 is also highly expressed in human placenta, its physiological importance is not clear. To establish whether mice will be a useful model for the study of PAPPA2, we compared the patterns of expression of PAPPA2 in the placentae of mouse and human. We show, for the first time, that Pappa2 is highly expressed in mouse placenta, as is the case in humans. Specifically, it is expressed at the interface of the maternal and fetal layers of the mouse placenta at all gestational stages studied (10. 5-16. 5 days post coitum). Similarly, PAPPA2 is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of human placental villi and is also detected in some invasive extravillous trophoblasts in the first trimester. These results are consistent with a model whereby PAPPA2 cleaves IGFBPs produced in the maternal decidua to promote fetoplacental growth, and indicate that this protein may play analogous roles in human and mouse placenta. PAPPA2 protein is detectable in the circulation of pregnant mice and humans during the first trimester and at term, raising the possibility that PAPPA2 may be a useful biomarker of placental dysfunction. Pappa2 expression also shows specific localization within the mouse embryo and therefore may play roles in fetal development, independent of its action in the placenta.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61565135" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e4932edeaddd594bb179c8489f0c75f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74559974,"asset_id":61565135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74559974/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36139213" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DominiquePorquet">Dominique Porquet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36139213" type="text/json">{"id":36139213,"first_name":"Dominique","last_name":"Porquet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DominiquePorquet","display_name":"Dominique Porquet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DominiquePorquet?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61565135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61565135"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61565135, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61565135", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61565135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61565135; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61565135"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61565135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61565135"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61565135; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61565135]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61565135").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61565135").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61565135"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="154" type="text/json">{"id":154,"name":"Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production">Animal Production</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29980" type="text/json">{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61565135]'), work: {"id":61565135,"title":"Expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 during pregnancy in human and mouse","created_at":"2021-11-11T23:33:48.073-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61565135/Expression_of_pregnancy_associated_plasma_protein_A2_during_pregnancy_in_human_and_mouse?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_61565135","summary":"Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and-A2 (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are proteases that cleave IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and thereby increase the bioavailability of growth factors. PAPPA has long been recognized as a marker of fetal genetic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, although PAPPA2 is also highly expressed in human placenta, its physiological importance is not clear. To establish whether mice will be a useful model for the study of PAPPA2, we compared the patterns of expression of PAPPA2 in the placentae of mouse and human. We show, for the first time, that Pappa2 is highly expressed in mouse placenta, as is the case in humans. Specifically, it is expressed at the interface of the maternal and fetal layers of the mouse placenta at all gestational stages studied (10. 5-16. 5 days post coitum). Similarly, PAPPA2 is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of human placental villi and is also detected in some invasive extravillous trophoblasts in the first trimester. These results are consistent with a model whereby PAPPA2 cleaves IGFBPs produced in the maternal decidua to promote fetoplacental growth, and indicate that this protein may play analogous roles in human and mouse placenta. PAPPA2 protein is detectable in the circulation of pregnant mice and humans during the first trimester and at term, raising the possibility that PAPPA2 may be a useful biomarker of placental dysfunction. Pappa2 expression also shows specific localization within the mouse embryo and therefore may play roles in fetal development, independent of its action in the placenta.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74559974,"asset_id":61565135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36139213,"first_name":"Dominique","last_name":"Porquet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DominiquePorquet","display_name":"Dominique Porquet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DominiquePorquet?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":154,"name":"Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37836,"name":"In Situ Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Situ_Hybridization?f_ri=37834"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=37834"},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":235677,"name":"Behavioral Animal Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Animal_Models?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":987472,"name":"Gestation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3603012,"name":"plasma proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/plasma_proteins?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61393113" data-work_id="61393113" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61393113/High_level_expression_of_bioactive_recombinant_human_lysozyme_in_the_milk_of_transgenic_mice_using_a_modified_human_lactoferrin_BAC">High-level expression of bioactive recombinant human lysozyme in the milk of transgenic mice using a modified human lactoferrin BAC</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Transgenesis has been used for expressing human lysozyme (hLZ) in the milk of livestock to improve their disease resistance. Here we describe a human lactoferrin (hLF) BAC as a candidate vector for high-level expression of hLZ in the milk... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61393113" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Transgenesis has been used for expressing human lysozyme (hLZ) in the milk of livestock to improve their disease resistance. Here we describe a human lactoferrin (hLF) BAC as a candidate vector for high-level expression of hLZ in the milk of transgenic mice. Using recombineering, hLF genomic DNA in the hLF BAC was replaced by the hLZ gene (from the ATG start codon to the TAA stop codon), and flanking regions of the hLF gene (a 90-kb 5 0 and a 30-kb 3 0) were used as transcriptional control elements for hLZ expression. When this construct was used to generate transgenic mice, rhLZ was highly expressed in the milk of four transgenic mouse lines (1.20-1.76 g/L), was expressed at a lower level in one additional line (0.21 g/L). rhLZ from the milk of these transgenic mice exhibited the same antibacterial activity as native hLZ. Our results suggest a potential approach for producing large amounts of hLZ in the milk of livestock. Keywords Recombinant human lysozyme (rhLZ) Á Recombineering Á Human lactoferrin bacterial artificial chromosome (hLF BAC) Á Transgenic mice Á Milk Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61393113" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b9a096d37921caffa360689aaec4978" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74437189,"asset_id":61393113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74437189/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="198114248" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloFoti1">Marcelo Foti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="198114248" type="text/json">{"id":198114248,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Foti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarceloFoti1","display_name":"Marcelo Foti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloFoti1?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/198114248/153527033/143133727/s65_marcelo.foti.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61393113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61393113"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61393113, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61393113", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61393113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61393113; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61393113"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61393113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61393113"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61393113; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61393113]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61393113").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61393113").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61393113"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5398" type="text/json">{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61393113]'), work: {"id":61393113,"title":"High-level expression of bioactive recombinant human lysozyme in the milk of transgenic mice using a modified human lactoferrin BAC","created_at":"2021-11-09T04:26:53.913-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61393113/High_level_expression_of_bioactive_recombinant_human_lysozyme_in_the_milk_of_transgenic_mice_using_a_modified_human_lactoferrin_BAC?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_61393113","summary":"Transgenesis has been used for expressing human lysozyme (hLZ) in the milk of livestock to improve their disease resistance. Here we describe a human lactoferrin (hLF) BAC as a candidate vector for high-level expression of hLZ in the milk of transgenic mice. Using recombineering, hLF genomic DNA in the hLF BAC was replaced by the hLZ gene (from the ATG start codon to the TAA stop codon), and flanking regions of the hLF gene (a 90-kb 5 0 and a 30-kb 3 0) were used as transcriptional control elements for hLZ expression. When this construct was used to generate transgenic mice, rhLZ was highly expressed in the milk of four transgenic mouse lines (1.20-1.76 g/L), was expressed at a lower level in one additional line (0.21 g/L). rhLZ from the milk of these transgenic mice exhibited the same antibacterial activity as native hLZ. Our results suggest a potential approach for producing large amounts of hLZ in the milk of livestock. Keywords Recombinant human lysozyme (rhLZ) Á Recombineering Á Human lactoferrin bacterial artificial chromosome (hLF BAC) Á Transgenic mice Á Milk Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74437189,"asset_id":61393113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":198114248,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Foti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarceloFoti1","display_name":"Marcelo Foti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloFoti1?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/198114248/153527033/143133727/s65_marcelo.foti.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37931,"name":"Transgenic Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic_Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":41749,"name":"Genetic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Engineering?f_ri=37834"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":238368,"name":"Milk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milk?f_ri=37834"},{"id":309981,"name":"Human Genome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Genome?f_ri=37834"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=37834"},{"id":737522,"name":"Transgenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic?f_ri=37834"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1482163,"name":"Micrococcus luteus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Micrococcus_luteus?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2636453,"name":"Lactoferrin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactoferrin?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61278975" data-work_id="61278975" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61278975/Anti_inflammatory_potential_of_allyl_isothiocyanate_role_of_Nrf2_NF_%CE%BAB_and_microRNA_155">Anti-inflammatory potential of allyl-isothiocyanate - role of Nrf2, NF-κB and microRNA-155</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, the underlying mechanisms of the potential anti-inflammatory properties of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) were analysed in vitro and in vivo. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61278975" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, the underlying mechanisms of the potential anti-inflammatory properties of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) were analysed in vitro and in vivo. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were supplemented with increasing concentrations of AITC. In addition, C57BL/6 mice (n ϭ 10 per group) were fed a pro-inflammatory high-fat diet and AITC was administered orally via gavage for 7 days. Biomarkers of inflammation were determined both in cultured cells and in mice. AITC significantly decreased tumour necrosis factor ␣ mRNA levels and its secretion in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, gene expression of other pro-inflammatory markers including interleukin-1␤ and inducible nitric oxide synthase were down-regulated following AITC treatment. AITC decreased nuclear p65 protein levels, a subunit of the transcription factor NF-B. Importantly, our data indicate that AITC significantly attenuated microRNA-155 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory effects of AITC were accompanied by an increase in Nrf2 nuclear translocation and consequently by an increase of mRNA and protein levels of the Nrf2 target gene heme-oxygenase 1. AITC was slightly less potent than sulforaphane (used as a positive control) in down-regulating inflammation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. A significant increase in nuclear Nrf2 and hemeoxygenase 1 gene expression and only a moderate down-regulation of interleukin-1␤ and microRNA-155 levels due to AITC was found in mouse liver. Present data suggest that AITC exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in cultured macrophages in vitro but has only little anti-inflammatory activity in mice in vivo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61278975" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e3e149d0e5e3b11c038b8223ed6a70c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74360218,"asset_id":61278975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74360218/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2056149" href="https://newcastle.academia.edu/ChristineBoeschSaadatmandi">Christine Boesch-Saadatmandi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2056149" type="text/json">{"id":2056149,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Boesch-Saadatmandi","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"ChristineBoeschSaadatmandi","display_name":"Christine Boesch-Saadatmandi","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/ChristineBoeschSaadatmandi?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2056149/674254/836773/s65_christine.boesch-saadatmandi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61278975 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61278975"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61278975, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61278975", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61278975 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61278975; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61278975"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61278975 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61278975"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61278975; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61278975]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61278975").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61278975").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61278975"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57808" type="text/json">{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular">Cellular</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60915" type="text/json">{"id":60915,"name":"Cellular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61278975]'), work: {"id":61278975,"title":"Anti-inflammatory potential of allyl-isothiocyanate - role of Nrf2, NF-κB and microRNA-155","created_at":"2021-11-08T00:41:41.335-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61278975/Anti_inflammatory_potential_of_allyl_isothiocyanate_role_of_Nrf2_NF_%CE%BAB_and_microRNA_155?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_61278975","summary":"In this study, the underlying mechanisms of the potential anti-inflammatory properties of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) were analysed in vitro and in vivo. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were supplemented with increasing concentrations of AITC. In addition, C57BL/6 mice (n ϭ 10 per group) were fed a pro-inflammatory high-fat diet and AITC was administered orally via gavage for 7 days. Biomarkers of inflammation were determined both in cultured cells and in mice. AITC significantly decreased tumour necrosis factor ␣ mRNA levels and its secretion in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, gene expression of other pro-inflammatory markers including interleukin-1␤ and inducible nitric oxide synthase were down-regulated following AITC treatment. AITC decreased nuclear p65 protein levels, a subunit of the transcription factor NF-B. Importantly, our data indicate that AITC significantly attenuated microRNA-155 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory effects of AITC were accompanied by an increase in Nrf2 nuclear translocation and consequently by an increase of mRNA and protein levels of the Nrf2 target gene heme-oxygenase 1. AITC was slightly less potent than sulforaphane (used as a positive control) in down-regulating inflammation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. A significant increase in nuclear Nrf2 and hemeoxygenase 1 gene expression and only a moderate down-regulation of interleukin-1␤ and microRNA-155 levels due to AITC was found in mouse liver. Present data suggest that AITC exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in cultured macrophages in vitro but has only little anti-inflammatory activity in mice in vivo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74360218,"asset_id":61278975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2056149,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Boesch-Saadatmandi","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"ChristineBoeschSaadatmandi","display_name":"Christine Boesch-Saadatmandi","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/ChristineBoeschSaadatmandi?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2056149/674254/836773/s65_christine.boesch-saadatmandi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":60915,"name":"Cellular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":123418,"name":"NF-kappa B","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NF-kappa_B?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":295854,"name":"microRNAs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/microRNAs?f_ri=37834"},{"id":718849,"name":"Cellular and Molecular Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_and_Molecular_Medicine?f_ri=37834"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2509339,"name":"Isothiocyanates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isothiocyanates?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2940273,"name":"real time polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/real_time_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60243233" data-work_id="60243233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60243233/Expression_of_bitter_taste_receptors_of_the_T2R_family_in_the_gastrointestinal_tract_and_enteroendocrine_STC_1_cells">Expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the gastrointestinal tract and enteroendocrine STC-1 cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although a role for the gastric and intestinal mucosa in molecular sensing has been known for decades, the initial molecular recognition events that sense the chemical composition of the luminal contents has remained elusive. Here we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60243233" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although a role for the gastric and intestinal mucosa in molecular sensing has been known for decades, the initial molecular recognition events that sense the chemical composition of the luminal contents has remained elusive. Here we identified putative taste receptor gene transcripts in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results, using reverse transcriptase-PCR, demonstrate the presence of transcripts corresponding to multiple members of the T2R family of bitter taste receptors in the antral and fundic gastric mucosa as well as in the lining of the duodenum. In addition, cDNA clones of T2R receptors were detected in a rat gastric endocrine cell cDNA library, suggesting that these receptors are expressed, at least partly, in enteroendocrine cells. Accordingly, expression of multiple T2R receptors also was found in STC-1 cells, an enteroendocrine cell line. The expression of ␣ subunits of G proteins implicated in intracellular taste signal transduction, namely G␣gust, and G␣t-2, also was demonstrated in the gastrointestinal mucosa as well as in STC-1 cells, as revealed by reverse transcriptase-PCR and DNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Furthermore, addition of compounds widely used in bitter taste signaling (e.g., denatonium, phenylthiocarbamide, 6-n-propil-2thiouracil, and cycloheximide) to STC-1 cells promoted a rapid increase in intracellular Ca 2؉ concentration. These results demonstrate the expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the mouse and rat gastrointestinal tract. stomach ͉ intestine ͉ gustducin ͉ transducin</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60243233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17d0f2993b7405bb75c1092ed93a4772" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73775224,"asset_id":60243233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73775224/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50820724" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VincentWu21">Vincent Wu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50820724" type="text/json">{"id":50820724,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Wu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VincentWu21","display_name":"Vincent Wu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VincentWu21?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60243233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60243233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60243233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60243233", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60243233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60243233; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60243233"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60243233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60243233"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60243233; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60243233]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60243233").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60243233").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60243233"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="867" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception">Perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="867" type="text/json">{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium">Calcium</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9534" type="text/json">{"id":9534,"name":"Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60243233]'), work: {"id":60243233,"title":"Expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the gastrointestinal tract and enteroendocrine STC-1 cells","created_at":"2021-10-28T17:01:34.741-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60243233/Expression_of_bitter_taste_receptors_of_the_T2R_family_in_the_gastrointestinal_tract_and_enteroendocrine_STC_1_cells?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_60243233","summary":"Although a role for the gastric and intestinal mucosa in molecular sensing has been known for decades, the initial molecular recognition events that sense the chemical composition of the luminal contents has remained elusive. Here we identified putative taste receptor gene transcripts in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results, using reverse transcriptase-PCR, demonstrate the presence of transcripts corresponding to multiple members of the T2R family of bitter taste receptors in the antral and fundic gastric mucosa as well as in the lining of the duodenum. In addition, cDNA clones of T2R receptors were detected in a rat gastric endocrine cell cDNA library, suggesting that these receptors are expressed, at least partly, in enteroendocrine cells. Accordingly, expression of multiple T2R receptors also was found in STC-1 cells, an enteroendocrine cell line. The expression of ␣ subunits of G proteins implicated in intracellular taste signal transduction, namely G␣gust, and G␣t-2, also was demonstrated in the gastrointestinal mucosa as well as in STC-1 cells, as revealed by reverse transcriptase-PCR and DNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Furthermore, addition of compounds widely used in bitter taste signaling (e.g., denatonium, phenylthiocarbamide, 6-n-propil-2thiouracil, and cycloheximide) to STC-1 cells promoted a rapid increase in intracellular Ca 2؉ concentration. These results demonstrate the expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the mouse and rat gastrointestinal tract. stomach ͉ intestine ͉ gustducin ͉ transducin","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73775224,"asset_id":60243233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50820724,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Wu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VincentWu21","display_name":"Vincent Wu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VincentWu21?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":9534,"name":"Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":165437,"name":"Taste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taste?f_ri=37834"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=37834"},{"id":336223,"name":"Digestive System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digestive_System?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=37834"},{"id":537759,"name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Tract?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2547982,"name":"Gastric mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastric_mucosa?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2950651,"name":"Tissue distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_distribution?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3057016,"name":"Endocrine System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine_System?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3067128,"name":"reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reverse_transcriptase_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49700080 coauthored" data-work_id="49700080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49700080/Preclinical_Studies_of_TW_37_a_New_Nonpeptidic_Small_Molecule_Inhibitor_of_Bcl_2_in_Diffuse_Large_Cell_Lymphoma_Xenograft_Model_Reveal_Drug_Action_on_Both_Bcl_2_and_Mcl_1">Preclinical Studies of TW-37, a New Nonpeptidic Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Bcl-2, in Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma Xenograft Model Reveal Drug Action on Both Bcl-2 and Mcl-1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein has been observed in more than 80% of B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have previously employed the natural product... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49700080" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein has been observed in more than 80% of B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have previously employed the natural product (À)-gossypol to test its therapeutic potential as a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Experimental Design: Recently, we have used a structure-based strategy to design a new class of potent small-molecule inhibitor acting on Bcl-2. One such lead compound is the benzenesulfonyl derivative TW-37, which was designed to target the BH3-binding groove in Bcl-2 where proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bak, Bax, Bid, and Bim bind. Results: In our fluorescence polarization^based binding assays using recombinant Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , and Mcl-1proteins,TW-37 binds to Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , and Mcl-1with K i values of 290, 1,110 and 260 nmol/L, respectively. Hence,TW-37 is a potent inhibitor of Bcl-2 and has >3-fold selectivity over Bcl-X L. In vitro,TW-37 showed significant antiproliferative effect in a de novo chemoresistant WSU-DLCL 2 lymphoma cell line and primary cells obtained from a lymphoma patient with no effect on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that TW-37 disrupted heterodimer formation between Bax or truncated-Bid and antiapoptotic proteins in the order Mcl-1 > Bcl-2 >> Bcl-X L. As expected, TW-37 caused apoptotic death. Pre-exposure of lymphoma cells toTW-37 significantly enhanced the killing effect of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone (CHOP) regimen. The maximum tolerated dose of TW-37 in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was 40 mg/kg for three i.v. injections when given alone and 20 mg/kg, Â3 when given in combination with CHOP. UsingWSU-DLCL 2-SCID mouse xenograft model, the addition of TW-37 to CHOP resulted in more complete tumor inhibition compared with either CHOP orTW-37 alone. Conclusions: We conclude that the administration of TW-37, as a potent Bcl-2 and Mcl-1inhibitor, to standard chemotherapy may prove an effective strategy in the treatment of B-celllymphoma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49700080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91b116fa1cf862f94631ca27a7f6ca7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67974994,"asset_id":49700080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67974994/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="213932770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenChen99">Ben Chen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="213932770" type="text/json">{"id":213932770,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BenChen99","display_name":"Ben Chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BenChen99?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-49700080">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-49700080"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wayne.academia.edu/Goustin">Anton-Scott Goustin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-49700080'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-49700080').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49700080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49700080"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49700080, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49700080", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49700080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49700080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49700080"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49700080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49700080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49700080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49700080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49700080").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49700080").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49700080"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6599" type="text/json">{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice">Mice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84760" type="text/json">{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49700080]'), work: {"id":49700080,"title":"Preclinical Studies of TW-37, a New Nonpeptidic Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Bcl-2, in Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma Xenograft Model Reveal Drug Action on Both Bcl-2 and Mcl-1","created_at":"2021-07-10T10:04:02.777-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49700080/Preclinical_Studies_of_TW_37_a_New_Nonpeptidic_Small_Molecule_Inhibitor_of_Bcl_2_in_Diffuse_Large_Cell_Lymphoma_Xenograft_Model_Reveal_Drug_Action_on_Both_Bcl_2_and_Mcl_1?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_49700080","summary":"Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein has been observed in more than 80% of B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have previously employed the natural product (À)-gossypol to test its therapeutic potential as a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Experimental Design: Recently, we have used a structure-based strategy to design a new class of potent small-molecule inhibitor acting on Bcl-2. One such lead compound is the benzenesulfonyl derivative TW-37, which was designed to target the BH3-binding groove in Bcl-2 where proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bak, Bax, Bid, and Bim bind. Results: In our fluorescence polarization^based binding assays using recombinant Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , and Mcl-1proteins,TW-37 binds to Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , and Mcl-1with K i values of 290, 1,110 and 260 nmol/L, respectively. Hence,TW-37 is a potent inhibitor of Bcl-2 and has \u003e3-fold selectivity over Bcl-X L. In vitro,TW-37 showed significant antiproliferative effect in a de novo chemoresistant WSU-DLCL 2 lymphoma cell line and primary cells obtained from a lymphoma patient with no effect on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that TW-37 disrupted heterodimer formation between Bax or truncated-Bid and antiapoptotic proteins in the order Mcl-1 \u003e Bcl-2 \u003e\u003e Bcl-X L. As expected, TW-37 caused apoptotic death. Pre-exposure of lymphoma cells toTW-37 significantly enhanced the killing effect of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone (CHOP) regimen. The maximum tolerated dose of TW-37 in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was 40 mg/kg for three i.v. injections when given alone and 20 mg/kg, Â3 when given in combination with CHOP. UsingWSU-DLCL 2-SCID mouse xenograft model, the addition of TW-37 to CHOP resulted in more complete tumor inhibition compared with either CHOP orTW-37 alone. Conclusions: We conclude that the administration of TW-37, as a potent Bcl-2 and Mcl-1inhibitor, to standard chemotherapy may prove an effective strategy in the treatment of B-celllymphoma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67974994,"asset_id":49700080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":213932770,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BenChen99","display_name":"Ben Chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BenChen99?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42149560,"first_name":"Anton-Scott","last_name":"Goustin","domain_name":"wayne","page_name":"Goustin","display_name":"Anton-Scott Goustin","profile_url":"https://wayne.academia.edu/Goustin?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42149560/15421768/16049539/s65_anton-scott.goustin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":216699,"name":"Immunoprecipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoprecipitation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":314240,"name":"Doxorubicin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doxorubicin?f_ri=37834"},{"id":394389,"name":"Small Molecule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Molecule?f_ri=37834"},{"id":541328,"name":"Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffuse_Large_B-Cell_Lymphoma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1198588,"name":"Cyclophosphamide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyclophosphamide?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1524090,"name":"Benzamides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzamides?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3200262,"name":"Diffuse large B cell lymphoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffuse_large_B_cell_lymphoma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3448420,"name":"Vincristine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vincristine?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3483787,"name":"Prednisone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prednisone?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31955263" data-work_id="31955263" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31955263/Gene_transfer_of_CuZn_superoxide_dismutase_enhances_the_synthesis_of_vascular_endothelial_growth_factor">Gene transfer of CuZn superoxide dismutase enhances the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as important regulators of angiogenesis. NO enhances VEGF synthesis in several cell types and is required for execution of VEGF angiogenic effect in endothelial cells.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31955263" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as important regulators of angiogenesis. NO enhances VEGF synthesis in several cell types and is required for execution of VEGF angiogenic effect in endothelial cells. Similarly, hydrogen peroxide induces VEGF synthesis and recent studies indicate the involvement of ROS in signaling downstream of VEGF stimulation. VEGF synthesis can not only be enhanced by gene transfer of VEGF but also by overexpression of NO synthase genes. Here, we examined the possibility of augmentation of VEGF production by gene transfer of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1). Overexpression of human SOD1 in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts increased SOD activity, enhanced intracellular generation of H 2 O 2 and significantly stimulated VEGF production as determined by increase in VEGF promoter activity, VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF protein synthesis. The stimulatory effect on VEGF synthesis induced by SOD1 gene transfer was reverted by overexpression of human catalase. The effect of H 2 O 2 produced by engineered cells is mediated by activation of hypoxia-inducible factor response element (HRE) as well as Sp1 recognition site of VEGF promoter. This data suggest the feasibility of stimulation of angiogenesis by overexpression of SOD1. (Mol Cell Biochem 264: [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181] 2004)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31955263" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f06187890c4d86448254142bc232b94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52231453,"asset_id":31955263,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52231453/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61835141" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JolantaGrzenkowiczWydra">Jolanta Grzenkowicz-Wydra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61835141" type="text/json">{"id":61835141,"first_name":"Jolanta","last_name":"Grzenkowicz-Wydra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JolantaGrzenkowiczWydra","display_name":"Jolanta Grzenkowicz-Wydra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JolantaGrzenkowiczWydra?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31955263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31955263"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31955263, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31955263", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31955263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31955263; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31955263"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31955263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31955263"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31955263; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31955263]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31955263").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31955263").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31955263"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38139" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_synthesis">Protein synthesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38139" type="text/json">{"id":38139,"name":"Protein synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_synthesis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology">Molecular and cellular biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63067" type="text/json">{"id":63067,"name":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31955263]'), work: {"id":31955263,"title":"Gene transfer of CuZn superoxide dismutase enhances the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor","created_at":"2017-03-20T23:25:53.977-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31955263/Gene_transfer_of_CuZn_superoxide_dismutase_enhances_the_synthesis_of_vascular_endothelial_growth_factor?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_31955263","summary":"Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as important regulators of angiogenesis. NO enhances VEGF synthesis in several cell types and is required for execution of VEGF angiogenic effect in endothelial cells. Similarly, hydrogen peroxide induces VEGF synthesis and recent studies indicate the involvement of ROS in signaling downstream of VEGF stimulation. VEGF synthesis can not only be enhanced by gene transfer of VEGF but also by overexpression of NO synthase genes. Here, we examined the possibility of augmentation of VEGF production by gene transfer of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1). Overexpression of human SOD1 in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts increased SOD activity, enhanced intracellular generation of H 2 O 2 and significantly stimulated VEGF production as determined by increase in VEGF promoter activity, VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF protein synthesis. The stimulatory effect on VEGF synthesis induced by SOD1 gene transfer was reverted by overexpression of human catalase. The effect of H 2 O 2 produced by engineered cells is mediated by activation of hypoxia-inducible factor response element (HRE) as well as Sp1 recognition site of VEGF promoter. This data suggest the feasibility of stimulation of angiogenesis by overexpression of SOD1. (Mol Cell Biochem 264: [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181] 2004)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52231453,"asset_id":31955263,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61835141,"first_name":"Jolanta","last_name":"Grzenkowicz-Wydra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JolantaGrzenkowiczWydra","display_name":"Jolanta Grzenkowicz-Wydra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JolantaGrzenkowiczWydra?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38139,"name":"Protein synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_synthesis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":63067,"name":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=37834"},{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=37834"},{"id":111011,"name":"Gene transfer techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_transfer_techniques?f_ri=37834"},{"id":139007,"name":"Catalase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=37834"},{"id":169489,"name":"Heme Oxygenase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heme_Oxygenase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=37834"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=37834"},{"id":310960,"name":"mRna expression levels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mRna_expression_levels?f_ri=37834"},{"id":401214,"name":"Endothelial cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_cell?f_ri=37834"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1296969,"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_Cellular_Biochemistry?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1455811,"name":"Superoxides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxides?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1643624,"name":"Response Elements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response_Elements?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1706341,"name":"Gene Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Transfer?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1796877,"name":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29875179" data-work_id="29875179" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29875179/Detection_of_human_papillomavirus_oncoprotein_E7_in_liquid_based_cytology">Detection of human papillomavirus oncoprotein E7 in liquid-based cytology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The selection and characterization of a set of mouse mAbs against high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein and the development of protocols for immunocytochemistry (ICC) are described here. A large number of antibodies raised... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29875179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The selection and characterization of a set of mouse mAbs against high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein and the development of protocols for immunocytochemistry (ICC) are described here. A large number of antibodies raised towards HPV16 and 18 E7 were tested for high-risk specificity by ELISA using a panel of HPV E7 proteins. Antibodies detecting low-risk E7 were discarded, resulting in 38 high-risk HPV E7-specific antibodies. The corresponding epitopes were mapped using overlapping HPV E7 fragments displayed on phage particles. Functionality in ICC against formalin-fixed cervical cancer cell lines was demonstrated for ten mAbs; their high-risk specificity was confirmed by Western blot analysis and ICC on transiently transformed cells expressing high-or low-risk HPV E7. These mAbs were specific for one or several of the high-risk strains HPV16, 18, 31, 35 and 45. Specific E7 staining of liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples was demonstrated for seven mAbs and optimized protocols were established. The E716-41 and E718-79 mAbs demonstrated particularly strong and specific staining of cells stored in LBC fluid for at least 6 months. It is proposed that the high-risk HPV E7 staining protocols established in this study may have the potential to be included in a complementary test for the detection and identification of malignantly transformed cells, in for example atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance samples.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29875179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4b35e08ccae1d63d3160b3c892d8c59" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50342562,"asset_id":29875179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50342562/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56722902" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlleNilsson1">Olle Nilsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56722902" type="text/json">{"id":56722902,"first_name":"Olle","last_name":"Nilsson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlleNilsson1","display_name":"Olle Nilsson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlleNilsson1?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29875179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29875179"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29875179, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29875179", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29875179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29875179; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29875179"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29875179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29875179"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29875179; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29875179]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29875179").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29875179").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29875179"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice">Mice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84760" type="text/json">{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29875179]'), work: {"id":29875179,"title":"Detection of human papillomavirus oncoprotein E7 in liquid-based cytology","created_at":"2016-11-15T22:25:37.269-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29875179/Detection_of_human_papillomavirus_oncoprotein_E7_in_liquid_based_cytology?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_29875179","summary":"The selection and characterization of a set of mouse mAbs against high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein and the development of protocols for immunocytochemistry (ICC) are described here. A large number of antibodies raised towards HPV16 and 18 E7 were tested for high-risk specificity by ELISA using a panel of HPV E7 proteins. Antibodies detecting low-risk E7 were discarded, resulting in 38 high-risk HPV E7-specific antibodies. The corresponding epitopes were mapped using overlapping HPV E7 fragments displayed on phage particles. Functionality in ICC against formalin-fixed cervical cancer cell lines was demonstrated for ten mAbs; their high-risk specificity was confirmed by Western blot analysis and ICC on transiently transformed cells expressing high-or low-risk HPV E7. These mAbs were specific for one or several of the high-risk strains HPV16, 18, 31, 35 and 45. Specific E7 staining of liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples was demonstrated for seven mAbs and optimized protocols were established. The E716-41 and E718-79 mAbs demonstrated particularly strong and specific staining of cells stored in LBC fluid for at least 6 months. It is proposed that the high-risk HPV E7 staining protocols established in this study may have the potential to be included in a complementary test for the detection and identification of malignantly transformed cells, in for example atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance samples.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50342562,"asset_id":29875179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56722902,"first_name":"Olle","last_name":"Nilsson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlleNilsson1","display_name":"Olle Nilsson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlleNilsson1?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":102491,"name":"Epitope mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epitope_mapping?f_ri=37834"},{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=37834"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5959689" data-work_id="5959689" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5959689/RhoA_ROCK_and_Cdc42_regulate_cell_cell_contact_and_N_cadherin_protein_level_during_neurodetermination_of_P19_embryonal_stem_cells">RhoA/ROCK and Cdc42 regulate cell-cell contact and N-cadherin protein level during neurodetermination of P19 embryonal stem cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">RhoGTPases regulate actin-based signaling cascades and cellular contacts. In neurogenesis, their action modulates cell migration, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Murine P19 embryonal stem cells differentiate to neurons upon... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5959689" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">RhoGTPases regulate actin-based signaling cascades and cellular contacts. In neurogenesis, their action modulates cell migration, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Murine P19 embryonal stem cells differentiate to neurons upon aggregation in the presence of retinoic acid, and we previously showed that RhoA and Cdc42 RhoGTPases are sequentially up-regulated during neuroinduction, suggesting a role at this very early developmental stage. In this work, incubation of differentiating P19 cells with C3 toxin resulted in decreased aggregate cohesion and cadherin protein level. In contrast, C3 effects were not observed in cells overexpressing recombinant dominant active RhoA. On the other hand, C3 did not affect cadherin in uninduced cells and their postmitotic neuronal derivatives, respectively expressing E- and N-cadherin. RhoA is thus influential on cell aggregation and cadherin expression during a sensitive time window that corresponds to the switch of E- to N-cadherin. Cell treatment with Y27632 inhibitor of Rho-associated-kinase ROCK, or advanced overexpression of Cdc42 by gene transfer of a constitutively active form of the protein reproduced C3 effects. RhoA-antisense RNA also reduced cadherin level and the size of cell aggregates, and increased the generation of fibroblast-like cells relative to neurons following neuroinduction. Colchicin, a microtubule disrupter, but not cytochalasin B actin poison, importantly decreased cadherin in neurodifferentiating cells. Overall, our results indicate that the RhoA/ROCK pathway regulates cadherin protein level and cell-cell interactions during neurodetermination, with an impact on the efficiency of the process. The effect on cadherin seems to involve microtubules. The importance of correct timing of RhoA and Cdc42 functional expression in neurogenesis is also raised. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 60: 289–307, 2004</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5959689" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42fc82af0bc89c435ad3c97fdf4d0341" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49075713,"asset_id":5959689,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49075713/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8878852" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoannePaquin">Joanne Paquin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8878852" type="text/json">{"id":8878852,"first_name":"Joanne","last_name":"Paquin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoannePaquin","display_name":"Joanne Paquin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoannePaquin?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5959689 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5959689"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5959689, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5959689", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5959689 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5959689; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5959689"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5959689 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5959689"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5959689; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5959689]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5959689").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5959689").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5959689"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3642" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells">Stem Cells</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3642" type="text/json">{"id":3642,"name":"Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Adhesion">Cell Adhesion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10055" type="text/json">{"id":10055,"name":"Cell Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Adhesion?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11558" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions">Drug interactions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11558" type="text/json">{"id":11558,"name":"Drug interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5959689]'), work: {"id":5959689,"title":"RhoA/ROCK and Cdc42 regulate cell-cell contact and N-cadherin protein level during neurodetermination of P19 embryonal stem cells","created_at":"2014-02-05T06:05:35.377-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5959689/RhoA_ROCK_and_Cdc42_regulate_cell_cell_contact_and_N_cadherin_protein_level_during_neurodetermination_of_P19_embryonal_stem_cells?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_5959689","summary":"RhoGTPases regulate actin-based signaling cascades and cellular contacts. In neurogenesis, their action modulates cell migration, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Murine P19 embryonal stem cells differentiate to neurons upon aggregation in the presence of retinoic acid, and we previously showed that RhoA and Cdc42 RhoGTPases are sequentially up-regulated during neuroinduction, suggesting a role at this very early developmental stage. In this work, incubation of differentiating P19 cells with C3 toxin resulted in decreased aggregate cohesion and cadherin protein level. In contrast, C3 effects were not observed in cells overexpressing recombinant dominant active RhoA. On the other hand, C3 did not affect cadherin in uninduced cells and their postmitotic neuronal derivatives, respectively expressing E- and N-cadherin. RhoA is thus influential on cell aggregation and cadherin expression during a sensitive time window that corresponds to the switch of E- to N-cadherin. Cell treatment with Y27632 inhibitor of Rho-associated-kinase ROCK, or advanced overexpression of Cdc42 by gene transfer of a constitutively active form of the protein reproduced C3 effects. RhoA-antisense RNA also reduced cadherin level and the size of cell aggregates, and increased the generation of fibroblast-like cells relative to neurons following neuroinduction. Colchicin, a microtubule disrupter, but not cytochalasin B actin poison, importantly decreased cadherin in neurodifferentiating cells. Overall, our results indicate that the RhoA/ROCK pathway regulates cadherin protein level and cell-cell interactions during neurodetermination, with an impact on the efficiency of the process. The effect on cadherin seems to involve microtubules. The importance of correct timing of RhoA and Cdc42 functional expression in neurogenesis is also raised. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 60: 289–307, 2004","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49075713,"asset_id":5959689,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8878852,"first_name":"Joanne","last_name":"Paquin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoannePaquin","display_name":"Joanne Paquin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoannePaquin?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":3642,"name":"Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":10055,"name":"Cell Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Adhesion?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":11558,"name":"Drug interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":25804,"name":"Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834"},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":106582,"name":"Embryonic Stem Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryonic_Stem_Cell?f_ri=37834"},{"id":172350,"name":"Microtubules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubules?f_ri=37834"},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=37834"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=37834"},{"id":846581,"name":"Cell communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_communication?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1276394,"name":"Antisense RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisense_RNA?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2524494,"name":"Cell Aggregation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Aggregation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2528082,"name":"Cadherins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadherins?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9052383" data-work_id="9052383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9052383/Autophagy_and_oxidative_stress_associated_with_gold_nanoparticles">Autophagy and oxidative stress associated with gold nanoparticles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Elemental metal nanoparticles like cadmium and silver are known to cause oxidative stress and are also highly toxic. Yet for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), it is not well established whether these particles are biologically toxic. Here we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9052383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Elemental metal nanoparticles like cadmium and silver are known to cause oxidative stress and are also highly toxic. Yet for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), it is not well established whether these particles are biologically toxic. Here we show that AuNPs, which were taken up by MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro, induce autophagy concomitant with oxidative stress. We also observed formation of autophagosomes together with the uptake of AuNPs in the lung fibroblasts as well as upregulation of autophagy proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP-LC3) and autophagy gene 7 (ATG 7) in treated samples. AuNP treated cells also generated significantly more lipid hydroperoxides (p-value < 0.05), a positive indication of lipid peroxidation. Verification with western blot analysis for malondialdehyde (MDA) protein adducts confirmed the presence of oxidative damage. In addition, AuNP treatment also induced upregulation of antioxidants, stress response genes and protein expression. Exposure to AuNPs is a potential source of oxidative stress in human lung fibroblasts and autophagy may be a cellular defence mechanism against oxidative stress toxicity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9052383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cbf97295b30cfa950cdb8b7b0a6129c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47901933,"asset_id":9052383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47901933/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20457848" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LanryYung">Lanry Yung</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20457848" type="text/json">{"id":20457848,"first_name":"Lanry","last_name":"Yung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LanryYung","display_name":"Lanry Yung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LanryYung?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9052383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9052383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9052383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9052383", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9052383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9052383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9052383"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9052383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9052383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9052383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9052383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9052383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9052383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9052383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomaterials">Biomaterials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2698" type="text/json">{"id":2698,"name":"Biomaterials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomaterials?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress">Oxidative Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14292" type="text/json">{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autophagy">Autophagy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17923" type="text/json">{"id":17923,"name":"Autophagy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autophagy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9052383]'), work: {"id":9052383,"title":"Autophagy and oxidative stress associated with gold nanoparticles","created_at":"2014-10-31T11:53:47.745-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9052383/Autophagy_and_oxidative_stress_associated_with_gold_nanoparticles?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_9052383","summary":"Elemental metal nanoparticles like cadmium and silver are known to cause oxidative stress and are also highly toxic. Yet for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), it is not well established whether these particles are biologically toxic. Here we show that AuNPs, which were taken up by MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro, induce autophagy concomitant with oxidative stress. We also observed formation of autophagosomes together with the uptake of AuNPs in the lung fibroblasts as well as upregulation of autophagy proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP-LC3) and autophagy gene 7 (ATG 7) in treated samples. AuNP treated cells also generated significantly more lipid hydroperoxides (p-value \u003c 0.05), a positive indication of lipid peroxidation. Verification with western blot analysis for malondialdehyde (MDA) protein adducts confirmed the presence of oxidative damage. In addition, AuNP treatment also induced upregulation of antioxidants, stress response genes and protein expression. Exposure to AuNPs is a potential source of oxidative stress in human lung fibroblasts and autophagy may be a cellular defence mechanism against oxidative stress toxicity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47901933,"asset_id":9052383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20457848,"first_name":"Lanry","last_name":"Yung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LanryYung","display_name":"Lanry Yung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LanryYung?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2698,"name":"Biomaterials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomaterials?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":17923,"name":"Autophagy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autophagy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":35056,"name":"Metal Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Nanoparticles?f_ri=37834"},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834"},{"id":65698,"name":"Gold nanoparticle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold_nanoparticle?f_ri=37834"},{"id":76736,"name":"Gold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold?f_ri=37834"},{"id":88640,"name":"Gold Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold_Nanoparticles?f_ri=37834"},{"id":98707,"name":"Stress response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_response?f_ri=37834"},{"id":197297,"name":"Lung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung?f_ri=37834"},{"id":295749,"name":"Rare earth metal oxide nanoparticle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rare_earth_metal_oxide_nanoparticle?f_ri=37834"},{"id":427871,"name":"Oxidative Damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Damage?f_ri=37834"},{"id":462111,"name":"Western blot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blot?f_ri=37834"},{"id":501806,"name":"Protein Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Expression?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1312081,"name":"Light chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light_chain?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1446339,"name":"Malondialdehyde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malondialdehyde?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27039218" data-work_id="27039218" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27039218/The_expression_and_phosphorylation_of_eukaryotic_initiation_factor_4E_are_increased_in_lesional_psoriatic_skin">The expression and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E are increased in lesional psoriatic skin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Overexpression of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E results in increased translation of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell cycle control, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Phosphorylation of eIF4E is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27039218" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Overexpression of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E results in increased translation of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell cycle control, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Phosphorylation of eIF4E is conducted by MAP kinase interacting serine ⁄threonine kinase 1 and 2, and phosphorylation of eIF4E has previously been associated with increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from keratinocytes. The actions of eIF4E are counteracted by the eIF4Ebinding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Objectives To characterize the mRNA and protein expression of eIF4E, as well as the phosphorylation of eIF4E in psoriatic skin. Methods Biopsies were collected from patients with psoriasis. mRNA expression and protein levels of eIF4E were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. eIF4E distribution was determined by immunofluorescence analysis. Results We found a significant increase in mRNA expression and protein level of eIF4E in lesional as compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that eIF4E was located throughout the epidermis and was primarily cytoplasmic in distribution. The level of phosphorylated eIF4E protein was found to be strongly upregulated, and 4E-BP1 expression was also increased.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27039218" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65888dc6928941e433507e0cdfd58269" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47294493,"asset_id":27039218,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47294493/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33379618" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IversenLars">Lars Iversen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33379618" type="text/json">{"id":33379618,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Iversen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IversenLars","display_name":"Lars Iversen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IversenLars?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27039218 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27039218"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27039218, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27039218", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27039218 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27039218; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27039218"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27039218 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27039218"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27039218; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27039218]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27039218").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27039218").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27039218"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British">British</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7324" type="text/json">{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology">Dermatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12729" type="text/json">{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="162553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin">Skin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="162553" type="text/json">{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27039218]'), work: {"id":27039218,"title":"The expression and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E are increased in lesional psoriatic skin","created_at":"2016-07-17T04:23:39.533-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27039218/The_expression_and_phosphorylation_of_eukaryotic_initiation_factor_4E_are_increased_in_lesional_psoriatic_skin?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_27039218","summary":"Background Overexpression of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E results in increased translation of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell cycle control, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Phosphorylation of eIF4E is conducted by MAP kinase interacting serine ⁄threonine kinase 1 and 2, and phosphorylation of eIF4E has previously been associated with increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from keratinocytes. The actions of eIF4E are counteracted by the eIF4Ebinding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Objectives To characterize the mRNA and protein expression of eIF4E, as well as the phosphorylation of eIF4E in psoriatic skin. Methods Biopsies were collected from patients with psoriasis. mRNA expression and protein levels of eIF4E were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. eIF4E distribution was determined by immunofluorescence analysis. Results We found a significant increase in mRNA expression and protein level of eIF4E in lesional as compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that eIF4E was located throughout the epidermis and was primarily cytoplasmic in distribution. The level of phosphorylated eIF4E protein was found to be strongly upregulated, and 4E-BP1 expression was also increased.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47294493,"asset_id":27039218,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33379618,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Iversen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IversenLars","display_name":"Lars Iversen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IversenLars?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":167295,"name":"Psoriasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psoriasis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":172083,"name":"Phosphorylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorylation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15631652" data-work_id="15631652" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15631652/Distribution_of_ghrelin_peptide_in_the_gastrointestinal_tract_of_stomachless_and_stomach_containing_teleosts">Distribution of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of stomachless and stomach-containing teleosts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The occurrence and localization of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax, two fish species that exhibit different feeding behavior, different habitats, and different anatomical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15631652" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The occurrence and localization of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax, two fish species that exhibit different feeding behavior, different habitats, and different anatomical organizations of the gastroenteric tract, were examined by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting analysis. All of the gastrointestinal segments studied displayed immunohistochemical localizations of ghrelin peptide. Numerous single or clustered immunoreactive cells were found along the gastric folds, particularly in the pyloric region of Dicentrarcus labrax, whereas scattered ghrelin immunoreactive cells were observed in the intestinal epithelium of both fish species. Double immunolabeling PGP 9.5/ghrelin demonstrated the localization of ghrelin peptide also in nerve fibers and neuronal cells of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses, often in association with vascular structures. Western blotting analysis confirmed the presence of ghrelin peptide in the gatrointestinal tract of both species studied, whose molecular weight was similar to that of the corresponding mammalian prepro-ghrelin. The findings could support the hypothesis that this peptide is an important appetite regulator in fish and could confirm the presence of the ghrelin peptide, starting from its precursor proteins, in the gastrointestinal tract of the goldfish and the sea bass. Microsc. Res. Tech. 00:000-000, 2009. V</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15631652" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc77b87f6fad5027bf8c0c10536709df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43014614,"asset_id":15631652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43014614/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34809629" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FiniziaRusso">Finizia Russo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34809629" type="text/json">{"id":34809629,"first_name":"Finizia","last_name":"Russo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FiniziaRusso","display_name":"Finizia Russo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FiniziaRusso?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15631652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15631652"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15631652, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15631652", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15631652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15631652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15631652"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15631652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15631652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15631652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15631652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15631652").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15631652").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15631652"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy">Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3091" type="text/json">{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15631652]'), work: {"id":15631652,"title":"Distribution of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of stomachless and stomach-containing teleosts","created_at":"2015-09-12T12:27:21.613-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15631652/Distribution_of_ghrelin_peptide_in_the_gastrointestinal_tract_of_stomachless_and_stomach_containing_teleosts?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_15631652","summary":"The occurrence and localization of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax, two fish species that exhibit different feeding behavior, different habitats, and different anatomical organizations of the gastroenteric tract, were examined by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting analysis. All of the gastrointestinal segments studied displayed immunohistochemical localizations of ghrelin peptide. Numerous single or clustered immunoreactive cells were found along the gastric folds, particularly in the pyloric region of Dicentrarcus labrax, whereas scattered ghrelin immunoreactive cells were observed in the intestinal epithelium of both fish species. Double immunolabeling PGP 9.5/ghrelin demonstrated the localization of ghrelin peptide also in nerve fibers and neuronal cells of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses, often in association with vascular structures. Western blotting analysis confirmed the presence of ghrelin peptide in the gatrointestinal tract of both species studied, whose molecular weight was similar to that of the corresponding mammalian prepro-ghrelin. The findings could support the hypothesis that this peptide is an important appetite regulator in fish and could confirm the presence of the ghrelin peptide, starting from its precursor proteins, in the gastrointestinal tract of the goldfish and the sea bass. Microsc. Res. Tech. 00:000-000, 2009. V","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43014614,"asset_id":15631652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34809629,"first_name":"Finizia","last_name":"Russo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FiniziaRusso","display_name":"Finizia Russo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FiniziaRusso?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":41783,"name":"Ghrelin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghrelin?f_ri=37834"},{"id":71471,"name":"Intestinal Mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_Mucosa?f_ri=37834"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=37834"},{"id":302497,"name":"Goldfish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goldfish?f_ri=37834"},{"id":537759,"name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Tract?f_ri=37834"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=37834"},{"id":735530,"name":"Bass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bass?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22101960" data-work_id="22101960" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22101960/Expression_of_Acute_Phase_Response_Proteins_in_Retinal_Muller_Cells_in_Diabetes">Expression of Acute-Phase Response Proteins in Retinal Muller Cells in Diabetes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22101960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c2a192d462d19c65428b6eb372a29e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42771969,"asset_id":22101960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42771969/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43406310" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IldikoToth2">Ildiko Toth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43406310" type="text/json">{"id":43406310,"first_name":"Ildiko","last_name":"Toth","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IldikoToth2","display_name":"Ildiko Toth","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IldikoToth2?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22101960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22101960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22101960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22101960", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22101960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22101960; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22101960"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22101960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22101960"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22101960; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22101960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22101960").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22101960").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22101960"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3701" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA">RNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3701" type="text/json">{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22101960]'), work: {"id":22101960,"title":"Expression of Acute-Phase Response Proteins in Retinal Muller Cells in Diabetes","created_at":"2016-02-17T08:25:00.144-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22101960/Expression_of_Acute_Phase_Response_Proteins_in_Retinal_Muller_Cells_in_Diabetes?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_22101960","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42771969,"asset_id":22101960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43406310,"first_name":"Ildiko","last_name":"Toth","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IldikoToth2","display_name":"Ildiko Toth","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IldikoToth2?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3701,"name":"RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":96573,"name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetic_Retinopathy?f_ri=37834"},{"id":117200,"name":"Retina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retina?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":709138,"name":"Acute Phase Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Phase_Proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1035950,"name":"Acute Phase Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Phase_Response?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1810445,"name":"Gene expression profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression_profiling?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17045028" data-work_id="17045028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17045028/St_Johns_wort_may_relieve_negative_effects_of_stress_on_spatial_working_memory_by_changing_synaptic_plasticity">St. John's wort may relieve negative effects of stress on spatial working memory by changing synaptic plasticity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17045028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9629aa7fc0be8f8baa60b98da1e5a436" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42346139,"asset_id":17045028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42346139/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36601584" href="https://umwb.academia.edu/JanBraszko">Jan Braszko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36601584" type="text/json">{"id":36601584,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Braszko","domain_name":"umwb","page_name":"JanBraszko","display_name":"Jan Braszko","profile_url":"https://umwb.academia.edu/JanBraszko?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17045028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17045028"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17045028, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17045028", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17045028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17045028; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17045028"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17045028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17045028"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17045028; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17045028]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17045028").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17045028").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17045028"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28576" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex">Prefrontal Cortex</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28576" type="text/json">{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57556" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus">Hippocampus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57556" type="text/json">{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="103297" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="103297" type="text/json">{"id":103297,"name":"Corticosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corticosterone?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17045028]'), work: {"id":17045028,"title":"St. John's wort may relieve negative effects of stress on spatial working memory by changing synaptic plasticity","created_at":"2015-10-20T07:07:08.504-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17045028/St_Johns_wort_may_relieve_negative_effects_of_stress_on_spatial_working_memory_by_changing_synaptic_plasticity?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_17045028","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42346139,"asset_id":17045028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36601584,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Braszko","domain_name":"umwb","page_name":"JanBraszko","display_name":"Jan Braszko","profile_url":"https://umwb.academia.edu/JanBraszko?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":103297,"name":"Corticosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corticosterone?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":132020,"name":"Neuronal Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuronal_Plasticity?f_ri=37834"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":522464,"name":"Short Term Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Short_Term_Memory?f_ri=37834"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":739714,"name":"Hypericum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypericum?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1120983,"name":"Synaptophysin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synaptophysin?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1169505,"name":"Maze Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maze_Learning?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73921085" data-work_id="73921085" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73921085/Inhibition_of_Comt_with_tolcapone_slows_progression_of_polycystic_kidney_disease_in_the_more_severely_affected_PKD_Mhm_cy_substrain_of_the_Hannover_Sprague_Dawley_rat">Inhibition of Comt with tolcapone slows progression of polycystic kidney disease in the more severely affected PKD/Mhm (cy/+) substrain of the Hannover Sprague-Dawley rat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human inherited diseases. Modifier genes seem to modulate the disease progression and might therefore be promising drug targets. Although a number... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73921085" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human inherited diseases. Modifier genes seem to modulate the disease progression and might therefore be promising drug targets. Although a number of modifier loci have been already identified, no modifier gene has been proven to be a real modifier yet.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73921085" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bec1fe672541876a66f3f8ce193182f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82261675,"asset_id":73921085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82261675/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8721440" href="https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/SigridHoffmann">Sigrid Hoffmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8721440" type="text/json">{"id":8721440,"first_name":"Sigrid","last_name":"Hoffmann","domain_name":"uni-heidelberg","page_name":"SigridHoffmann","display_name":"Sigrid Hoffmann","profile_url":"https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/SigridHoffmann?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8721440/2889879/3375831/s65_sigrid.hoffmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73921085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73921085"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73921085, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73921085", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73921085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73921085; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73921085"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73921085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73921085"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73921085; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73921085]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73921085").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73921085").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73921085"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors">Enzyme Inhibitors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12981" type="text/json">{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73921085]'), work: {"id":73921085,"title":"Inhibition of Comt with tolcapone slows progression of polycystic kidney disease in the more severely affected PKD/Mhm (cy/+) substrain of the Hannover Sprague-Dawley rat","created_at":"2022-03-16T21:36:08.667-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73921085/Inhibition_of_Comt_with_tolcapone_slows_progression_of_polycystic_kidney_disease_in_the_more_severely_affected_PKD_Mhm_cy_substrain_of_the_Hannover_Sprague_Dawley_rat?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_73921085","summary":"Background. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human inherited diseases. Modifier genes seem to modulate the disease progression and might therefore be promising drug targets. Although a number of modifier loci have been already identified, no modifier gene has been proven to be a real modifier yet.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82261675,"asset_id":73921085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8721440,"first_name":"Sigrid","last_name":"Hoffmann","domain_name":"uni-heidelberg","page_name":"SigridHoffmann","display_name":"Sigrid Hoffmann","profile_url":"https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/SigridHoffmann?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8721440/2889879/3375831/s65_sigrid.hoffmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":184012,"name":"Benzophenones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzophenones?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=37834"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=37834"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1810445,"name":"Gene expression profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression_profiling?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2940273,"name":"real time polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/real_time_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3067128,"name":"reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reverse_transcriptase_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73447665" data-work_id="73447665" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73447665/The_tandem_affinity_purification_TAP_method_a_general_procedure_of_protein_complex_purification_Methods_24">The tandem affinity purification (TAP) method: a general procedure of protein complex purification. Methods 24</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Identification of components present in biological complexes requires their purification to near homogeneity. Methods of purification vary from protein to protein, making it impossible to design a general purification strategy valid for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73447665" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Identification of components present in biological complexes requires their purification to near homogeneity. Methods of purification vary from protein to protein, making it impossible to design a general purification strategy valid for all cases. We have devel-oped the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method as a tool that allows rapid purification under native conditions of complexes, even when expressed at their natural level. Prior knowledge of complex composition or function is not required. The TAP method requires fusion of the TAP tag, either N- or C-terminally, to the target protein of interest. Starting from a relatively small number of cells, active macromolecular complexes can be isolated and used for multiple applications. Variations of the method to specifi-cally purify complexes containing two given components or to subtract undesired complexes can easily be implemented. The TAP method was initially developed in yeast but can be successfully</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73447665" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab7d34981e0af4831f44cbfcdf0dfd0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81966859,"asset_id":73447665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81966859/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="133883573" href="https://independent.academia.edu/grigaut">guillaume rigaut</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="133883573" type="text/json">{"id":133883573,"first_name":"guillaume","last_name":"rigaut","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"grigaut","display_name":"guillaume rigaut","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grigaut?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73447665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73447665"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73447665, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73447665", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73447665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73447665; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73447665"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73447665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73447665"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73447665; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73447665]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73447665").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73447665").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73447665"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3306" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Purification">Protein Purification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3306" type="text/json">{"id":3306,"name":"Protein Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Purification?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73447665]'), work: {"id":73447665,"title":"The tandem affinity purification (TAP) method: a general procedure of protein complex purification. Methods 24","created_at":"2022-03-09T23:38:19.160-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73447665/The_tandem_affinity_purification_TAP_method_a_general_procedure_of_protein_complex_purification_Methods_24?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_73447665","summary":"Identification of components present in biological complexes requires their purification to near homogeneity. Methods of purification vary from protein to protein, making it impossible to design a general purification strategy valid for all cases. We have devel-oped the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method as a tool that allows rapid purification under native conditions of complexes, even when expressed at their natural level. Prior knowledge of complex composition or function is not required. The TAP method requires fusion of the TAP tag, either N- or C-terminally, to the target protein of interest. Starting from a relatively small number of cells, active macromolecular complexes can be isolated and used for multiple applications. Variations of the method to specifi-cally purify complexes containing two given components or to subtract undesired complexes can easily be implemented. The TAP method was initially developed in yeast but can be successfully","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81966859,"asset_id":73447665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":133883573,"first_name":"guillaume","last_name":"rigaut","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"grigaut","display_name":"guillaume rigaut","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grigaut?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3306,"name":"Protein Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Purification?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":49123,"name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae?f_ri=37834"},{"id":54344,"name":"Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methods?f_ri=37834"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":116078,"name":"Staphylococcus aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus_aureus?f_ri=37834"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":160328,"name":"Prior Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prior_Knowledge?f_ri=37834"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":300832,"name":"Protein Complex Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Complex_Detection?f_ri=37834"},{"id":886461,"name":"Ribonucleoproteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribonucleoproteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1035050,"name":"Proteome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteome?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2234942,"name":"Ribonucleases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribonucleases?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52938364" data-work_id="52938364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52938364/NDR_Functions_as_a_Physiological_YAP1_Kinase_in_the_Intestinal_Epithelium">NDR Functions as a Physiological YAP1 Kinase in the Intestinal Epithelium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Phosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP1 is a key event in defining Hippo signaling outputs. Previous studies demonstrated that phosphorylation of YAP1 at serine 127 (S127) sequesters YAP1 in the cytoplasm and consequently... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52938364" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Phosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP1 is a key event in defining Hippo signaling outputs. Previous studies demonstrated that phosphorylation of YAP1 at serine 127 (S127) sequesters YAP1 in the cytoplasm and consequently inhibits YAP1 transcriptional activity. Mammalian tissue-culture experiments suggest that downstream of MST1/2 signaling, LATS1/2 function as YAP1-S127 kinases. However, studies of Mst1/2 knockout mouse models revealed that the identity of the physiological YAP1-S127 kinase(s) in certain tissues, such as the intestine, remains unknown. We show that mammalian NDR1/2 kinases phosphorylate YAP1 on S127 and thereby negatively regulate YAP1 activity in tissue-cultured cells. By studying NDR1/2-deficient mice, we demonstrate the in vivo relevance of NDR1/2-mediated regulation of YAP1. Specifically, upon loss of NDR1/2 in the intestinal epithelium, endogenous S127 phosphorylation is decreased whereas total YAP1 levels are increased. Significantly, ablation...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52938364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f9e7f326932db3652547964cf770628" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69958890,"asset_id":52938364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69958890/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34211212" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielHess2">Daniel Hess</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34211212" type="text/json">{"id":34211212,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Hess","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielHess2","display_name":"Daniel Hess","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielHess2?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52938364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52938364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52938364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52938364", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52938364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52938364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52938364"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52938364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52938364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52938364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52938364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52938364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52938364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52938364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_Mucosa">Intestinal Mucosa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71471" type="text/json">{"id":71471,"name":"Intestinal Mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_Mucosa?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice">Mice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84760" type="text/json">{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52938364]'), work: {"id":52938364,"title":"NDR Functions as a Physiological YAP1 Kinase in the Intestinal Epithelium","created_at":"2021-09-19T23:55:34.388-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52938364/NDR_Functions_as_a_Physiological_YAP1_Kinase_in_the_Intestinal_Epithelium?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_52938364","summary":"Phosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP1 is a key event in defining Hippo signaling outputs. Previous studies demonstrated that phosphorylation of YAP1 at serine 127 (S127) sequesters YAP1 in the cytoplasm and consequently inhibits YAP1 transcriptional activity. Mammalian tissue-culture experiments suggest that downstream of MST1/2 signaling, LATS1/2 function as YAP1-S127 kinases. However, studies of Mst1/2 knockout mouse models revealed that the identity of the physiological YAP1-S127 kinase(s) in certain tissues, such as the intestine, remains unknown. We show that mammalian NDR1/2 kinases phosphorylate YAP1 on S127 and thereby negatively regulate YAP1 activity in tissue-cultured cells. By studying NDR1/2-deficient mice, we demonstrate the in vivo relevance of NDR1/2-mediated regulation of YAP1. Specifically, upon loss of NDR1/2 in the intestinal epithelium, endogenous S127 phosphorylation is decreased whereas total YAP1 levels are increased. Significantly, ablation...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69958890,"asset_id":52938364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34211212,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Hess","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielHess2","display_name":"Daniel Hess","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielHess2?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":71471,"name":"Intestinal Mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_Mucosa?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":172083,"name":"Phosphorylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorylation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375301,"name":"Microarray Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microarray_Analysis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48992727" data-work_id="48992727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48992727/Potent_antiproliferative_effects_of_resveratrol_on_human_osteosarcoma_SJSA1_cells_novel_cellular_mechanisms_involving_the_ERKs_p53_cascade">Potent antiproliferative effects of resveratrol on human osteosarcoma SJSA1 cells: novel cellular mechanisms involving the ERKs/p53 cascade</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The chemopreventive activity of resveratrol (RSVL) has been demonstrated in several types of cancer. However, its effects and the underling mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the mitogen... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48992727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The chemopreventive activity of resveratrol (RSVL) has been demonstrated in several types of cancer. However, its effects and the underling mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p53 signal transduction mechanism in RSVL-induced growth inhibition using a human osteosarcoma cell line. We demonstrate that RSVL reduces cell viability and growth of SJSA1 osteosarcoma cells. Morphological profiles and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nuclear staining of RSVL-treated cells indicated marked nuclear fragmentation. Cleavage of the (116-kDa) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein into an 89-kDa fragment (a proapoptotic marker system) was substantially augmented by RSVL treatment. RSVL-dependent growth impairment was preceded by enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 (at Thr202/Tyr204). Likewise, RSVL increased the phosphorylation of p53 tumor suppressor protein (at Ser15). The effects of RSVL on ERKs and on p53 phosphorylation were abrogated by either the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 or the p53 inhibitor pifithrine-α. The present study indicates that RSVL antiproliferative effects on osteosarcoma cells are mediated by the activation of the ERKs/p53 signaling pathway and therefore identifies new targets for strategies to treat and/or prevent osteosarcoma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48992727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee05c874b0fda60754202bc867428d63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67381690,"asset_id":48992727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67381690/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78745546" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaharJaffal">Sahar Jaffal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78745546" type="text/json">{"id":78745546,"first_name":"Sahar","last_name":"Jaffal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaharJaffal","display_name":"Sahar Jaffal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaharJaffal?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78745546/41224356/33486006/s65_sahar.jaffal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48992727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48992727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48992727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48992727", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48992727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48992727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48992727"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48992727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48992727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48992727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48992727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48992727").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48992727").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48992727"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57808" type="text/json">{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101985" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteosarcoma">Osteosarcoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="101985" type="text/json">{"id":101985,"name":"Osteosarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteosarcoma?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48992727]'), work: {"id":48992727,"title":"Potent antiproliferative effects of resveratrol on human osteosarcoma SJSA1 cells: novel cellular mechanisms involving the ERKs/p53 cascade","created_at":"2021-05-20T04:01:48.291-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48992727/Potent_antiproliferative_effects_of_resveratrol_on_human_osteosarcoma_SJSA1_cells_novel_cellular_mechanisms_involving_the_ERKs_p53_cascade?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_48992727","summary":"The chemopreventive activity of resveratrol (RSVL) has been demonstrated in several types of cancer. However, its effects and the underling mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p53 signal transduction mechanism in RSVL-induced growth inhibition using a human osteosarcoma cell line. We demonstrate that RSVL reduces cell viability and growth of SJSA1 osteosarcoma cells. Morphological profiles and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nuclear staining of RSVL-treated cells indicated marked nuclear fragmentation. Cleavage of the (116-kDa) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein into an 89-kDa fragment (a proapoptotic marker system) was substantially augmented by RSVL treatment. RSVL-dependent growth impairment was preceded by enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 (at Thr202/Tyr204). Likewise, RSVL increased the phosphorylation of p53 tumor suppressor protein (at Ser15). The effects of RSVL on ERKs and on p53 phosphorylation were abrogated by either the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 or the p53 inhibitor pifithrine-α. The present study indicates that RSVL antiproliferative effects on osteosarcoma cells are mediated by the activation of the ERKs/p53 signaling pathway and therefore identifies new targets for strategies to treat and/or prevent osteosarcoma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67381690,"asset_id":48992727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78745546,"first_name":"Sahar","last_name":"Jaffal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaharJaffal","display_name":"Sahar Jaffal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaharJaffal?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78745546/41224356/33486006/s65_sahar.jaffal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":101985,"name":"Osteosarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteosarcoma?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":165002,"name":"Cell Viability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Viability?f_ri=37834"},{"id":213910,"name":"Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitogen_Activated_Protein_Kinase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":259090,"name":"Oxidative stress and free radical biology and medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_stress_and_free_radical_biology_and_medicine?f_ri=37834"},{"id":467234,"name":"PBS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PBS?f_ri=37834"},{"id":468416,"name":"Ecl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecl?f_ri=37834"},{"id":508133,"name":"Stilbenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stilbenes?f_ri=37834"},{"id":595079,"name":"MAPK","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MAPK?f_ri=37834"},{"id":769359,"name":"Growth Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Inhibition?f_ri=37834"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1486366,"name":"PARP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PARP?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2940634,"name":"Signaling pathway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signaling_pathway?f_ri=37834"},{"id":3061020,"name":"tumor suppressor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/tumor_suppressor?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45456028" data-work_id="45456028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45456028/Structural_Histochemical_and_Immunocytochemical_Study_of_the_Forestomach_Mucosa_in_Domestic_Ruminants">Structural, Histochemical and Immunocytochemical Study of the Forestomach Mucosa in Domestic Ruminants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45456028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca77ae343502a093aa9d3c1502e9929d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65963224,"asset_id":45456028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65963224/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45061646" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuciannaMaruccio">Lucianna Maruccio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45061646" type="text/json">{"id":45061646,"first_name":"Lucianna","last_name":"Maruccio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuciannaMaruccio","display_name":"Lucianna Maruccio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuciannaMaruccio?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45456028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45456028"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45456028, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45456028", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45456028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45456028; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45456028"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45456028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45456028"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45456028; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45456028]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45456028").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45456028").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45456028"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14076" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy">Transmission Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14076" type="text/json">{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ruminants">Ruminants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35599" type="text/json">{"id":35599,"name":"Ruminants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ruminants?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45456028]'), work: {"id":45456028,"title":"Structural, Histochemical and Immunocytochemical Study of the Forestomach Mucosa in Domestic Ruminants","created_at":"2021-03-10T08:50:22.933-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45456028/Structural_Histochemical_and_Immunocytochemical_Study_of_the_Forestomach_Mucosa_in_Domestic_Ruminants?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_45456028","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65963224,"asset_id":45456028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45061646,"first_name":"Lucianna","last_name":"Maruccio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuciannaMaruccio","display_name":"Lucianna Maruccio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuciannaMaruccio?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":35599,"name":"Ruminants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ruminants?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep?f_ri=37834"},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=37834"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=37834"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=37834"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1030683,"name":"Rumen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rumen?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1793091,"name":"Buffaloes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buffaloes?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2547982,"name":"Gastric mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastric_mucosa?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5409221" data-work_id="5409221" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/5409221/Characterization_of_a_novel_loss_of_function_mutation_of_PAX8_in_a_familial_case_of_congenital_hypothyroidism_with_in_place_normal_sized_thyroid">Characterization of a novel loss of function mutation of PAX8 in a familial case of congenital hypothyroidism with in-place, normal-sized thyroid</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5409221" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9459f1920d5a2d6197abaa4015e788eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49303734,"asset_id":5409221,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49303734/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7535692" rel="nofollow" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/GilbertVassart">Gilbert Vassart</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7535692" type="text/json">{"id":7535692,"first_name":"Gilbert","last_name":"Vassart","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"GilbertVassart","display_name":"Gilbert Vassart","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/GilbertVassart?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5409221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5409221"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5409221, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5409221", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5409221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5409221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5409221"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5409221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5409221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5409221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5409221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5409221").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5409221").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5409221"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="154" type="text/json">{"id":154,"name":"Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5409221]'), work: {"id":5409221,"title":"Characterization of a novel loss of function mutation of PAX8 in a familial case of congenital hypothyroidism with in-place, normal-sized thyroid","created_at":"2013-12-12T19:26:27.698-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5409221/Characterization_of_a_novel_loss_of_function_mutation_of_PAX8_in_a_familial_case_of_congenital_hypothyroidism_with_in_place_normal_sized_thyroid?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_5409221","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49303734,"asset_id":5409221,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7535692,"first_name":"Gilbert","last_name":"Vassart","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"GilbertVassart","display_name":"Gilbert Vassart","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/GilbertVassart?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":154,"name":"Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":76078,"name":"Thyroid gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_gland?f_ri=37834"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=37834"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=37834"},{"id":213901,"name":"Transcription Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factor?f_ri=37834"},{"id":231186,"name":"Hypothyroidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothyroidism?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=37834"},{"id":279546,"name":"Association","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Association?f_ri=37834"},{"id":422325,"name":"HeLa cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HeLa_cells?f_ri=37834"},{"id":457201,"name":"DNA binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_binding?f_ri=37834"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":910035,"name":"Congenital Hypothyroidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Hypothyroidism?f_ri=37834"},{"id":923234,"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Endocrinology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1186610,"name":"DNA binding proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_binding_proteins?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6558168" data-work_id="6558168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6558168/International_Collaborative_Study_To_Compare_Reverse_Transcriptase_PCR_Assays_for_Detection_and_Genotyping_of_Noroviruses">International Collaborative Study To Compare Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assays for Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To allow more rapid and internationally standardized assessment of the spread of noroviruses (previously called Norwalk-like viruses [NLVs]) as important food-borne pathogens, harmonization of methods for their detection is needed.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6558168" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To allow more rapid and internationally standardized assessment of the spread of noroviruses (previously called Norwalk-like viruses [NLVs]) as important food-borne pathogens, harmonization of methods for their detection is needed. Diagnosis of NLVs in clinical diagnostic laboratories is usually performed by reverse transciptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. In the present study, the performance of five different RT-PCR assays for the detection of NLVs was evaluated in an international collaborative study by five laboratories in five countries with a coded panel of 91 fecal specimens. The assays were tested for their sensitivity, detection limit, and ease of standardization. In total, NLVs could be detected by at least one RT-PCR assay in 69 (84%) of the samples that originally tested positive. Sensitivity ranged from 52 to 73% overall and from 54 to 100% and 58 to 85% for genogroup I and II viruses, respectively. In all, 64% of the false-negative results were obtained with a set of diluted stools (n ‫؍‬ 20) that may have lost quality upon storage. Sensitivity was improved when these samples were excluded from analysis. No one single assay stood out as the best, although the p1 assay demonstrated the most satisfactory overall performance. To promote comparability of data, this assay will be recommended for newly starting groups in future collaborative studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6558168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4848487c0ac1fd4051a04eeb17dbcdc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33318800,"asset_id":6558168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33318800/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10527036" href="https://erasmusmc.academia.edu/MarionKoopmans">Marion Koopmans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10527036" type="text/json">{"id":10527036,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Koopmans","domain_name":"erasmusmc","page_name":"MarionKoopmans","display_name":"Marion Koopmans","profile_url":"https://erasmusmc.academia.edu/MarionKoopmans?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10527036/163193034/152978552/s65_marion.koopmans.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6558168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6558168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6558168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6558168", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6558168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6558168; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6558168"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6558168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6558168"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6558168; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6558168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6558168").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6558168").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6558168"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12054" type="text/json">{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV">HIV</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39978" type="text/json">{"id":39978,"name":"HIV","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology">Clinical Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43666" type="text/json">{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6558168]'), work: {"id":6558168,"title":"International Collaborative Study To Compare Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assays for Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses","created_at":"2014-03-26T09:30:37.518-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6558168/International_Collaborative_Study_To_Compare_Reverse_Transcriptase_PCR_Assays_for_Detection_and_Genotyping_of_Noroviruses?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_6558168","summary":"To allow more rapid and internationally standardized assessment of the spread of noroviruses (previously called Norwalk-like viruses [NLVs]) as important food-borne pathogens, harmonization of methods for their detection is needed. Diagnosis of NLVs in clinical diagnostic laboratories is usually performed by reverse transciptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. In the present study, the performance of five different RT-PCR assays for the detection of NLVs was evaluated in an international collaborative study by five laboratories in five countries with a coded panel of 91 fecal specimens. The assays were tested for their sensitivity, detection limit, and ease of standardization. In total, NLVs could be detected by at least one RT-PCR assay in 69 (84%) of the samples that originally tested positive. Sensitivity ranged from 52 to 73% overall and from 54 to 100% and 58 to 85% for genogroup I and II viruses, respectively. In all, 64% of the false-negative results were obtained with a set of diluted stools (n ‫؍‬ 20) that may have lost quality upon storage. Sensitivity was improved when these samples were excluded from analysis. No one single assay stood out as the best, although the p1 assay demonstrated the most satisfactory overall performance. To promote comparability of data, this assay will be recommended for newly starting groups in future collaborative studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33318800,"asset_id":6558168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10527036,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Koopmans","domain_name":"erasmusmc","page_name":"MarionKoopmans","display_name":"Marion Koopmans","profile_url":"https://erasmusmc.academia.edu/MarionKoopmans?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10527036/163193034/152978552/s65_marion.koopmans.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":39978,"name":"HIV","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=37834"},{"id":78119,"name":"Norovirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norovirus?f_ri=37834"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=37834"},{"id":128189,"name":"Gastroenteritis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastroenteritis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":136161,"name":"AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AIDS?f_ri=37834"},{"id":239507,"name":"Laboratories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratories?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":318308,"name":"Human immunodeficiency virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_immunodeficiency_virus?f_ri=37834"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=37834"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=37834"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=37834"},{"id":973494,"name":"Reverse Transcriptase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reverse_Transcriptase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":982035,"name":"International Collaboration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Collaboration?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2005029,"name":"False Negative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/False_Negative?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7847420" data-work_id="7847420" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7847420/Specificity_of_IgG_and_IgE_antibody_responses_to_Haemophilus_somnus_infection_of_calves">Specificity of IgG and IgE antibody responses to Haemophilus somnus infection of calves</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Haemophilus somnus is an important cause of bovine respiratory disease and septicemia with all it's sequelae. The role of immune responses in protection and immunopathogenesis is not well understood. We showed that infection with bovine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7847420" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Haemophilus somnus is an important cause of bovine respiratory disease and septicemia with all it's sequelae. The role of immune responses in protection and immunopathogenesis is not well understood. We showed that infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) 6 days before H. somnus increased clinical scores and levels of IgE antibody to H. somnus over that of infection with H. somnus alone. To determine whether antigenic specificity of IgE responses differed from IgG responses, Western blots were done with sera from the infected calves, at 0 time and at 21 days post infection. Thus each calf was its own control. IgG antibodies recognized primarily a 40 kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) in whole cell H. somnus preparations and a 270 kDa immunoglobulin binding protein (IgBPs) in culture supernatants but generally not the 41 kDa major OMP (MOMP). IgE antibodies recognized primarily the 41 kDa MOMP in whole cell pellet preparations. Results were consistent among calves. With culture supernatants, IgE antibodies recognized both the 270 kDa IgBPs and the MOMP. Since some H. somnus strains from asymptomatic carriers (including strain 129Pt), do not have IgBPs and express a truncated MOMP (33 kDa rather than 41 kDa), reaction of strain 129Pt cells with serum from calves infected with H. somnus or BRSV and H. somnus was studied. IgE did not react with the truncated MOMP even at much lower (1:100) dilutions than in Western blots with virulent strain 2336 (serum dilution of 1:500). Reactions of IgE with the 40 and 78 kDa antigens in strain 129Pt were noted but since the major reactivities with the IgBPs and the MOMP were not detected, this strain may be useful for inducing protective rather than immunopathogenic responses. #</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7847420" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5566edfadad7fd0efb71b18e62965e85" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48317807,"asset_id":7847420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48317807/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14607673" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KimballRichard">Richard Kimball</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14607673" type="text/json">{"id":14607673,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Kimball","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KimballRichard","display_name":"Richard Kimball","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KimballRichard?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7847420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7847420"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7847420, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7847420", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7847420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7847420; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7847420"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7847420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7847420"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7847420; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7847420]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7847420").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7847420").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7847420"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="176180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin_E">Immunoglobulin E</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="176180" type="text/json">{"id":176180,"name":"Immunoglobulin E","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin_E?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7847420]'), work: {"id":7847420,"title":"Specificity of IgG and IgE antibody responses to Haemophilus somnus infection of calves","created_at":"2014-08-02T00:58:47.637-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7847420/Specificity_of_IgG_and_IgE_antibody_responses_to_Haemophilus_somnus_infection_of_calves?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_7847420","summary":"Haemophilus somnus is an important cause of bovine respiratory disease and septicemia with all it's sequelae. The role of immune responses in protection and immunopathogenesis is not well understood. We showed that infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) 6 days before H. somnus increased clinical scores and levels of IgE antibody to H. somnus over that of infection with H. somnus alone. To determine whether antigenic specificity of IgE responses differed from IgG responses, Western blots were done with sera from the infected calves, at 0 time and at 21 days post infection. Thus each calf was its own control. IgG antibodies recognized primarily a 40 kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) in whole cell H. somnus preparations and a 270 kDa immunoglobulin binding protein (IgBPs) in culture supernatants but generally not the 41 kDa major OMP (MOMP). IgE antibodies recognized primarily the 41 kDa MOMP in whole cell pellet preparations. Results were consistent among calves. With culture supernatants, IgE antibodies recognized both the 270 kDa IgBPs and the MOMP. Since some H. somnus strains from asymptomatic carriers (including strain 129Pt), do not have IgBPs and express a truncated MOMP (33 kDa rather than 41 kDa), reaction of strain 129Pt cells with serum from calves infected with H. somnus or BRSV and H. somnus was studied. IgE did not react with the truncated MOMP even at much lower (1:100) dilutions than in Western blots with virulent strain 2336 (serum dilution of 1:500). Reactions of IgE with the 40 and 78 kDa antigens in strain 129Pt were noted but since the major reactivities with the IgBPs and the MOMP were not detected, this strain may be useful for inducing protective rather than immunopathogenic responses. #","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48317807,"asset_id":7847420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14607673,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Kimball","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KimballRichard","display_name":"Richard Kimball","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KimballRichard?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":176180,"name":"Immunoglobulin E","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin_E?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=37834"},{"id":462111,"name":"Western blot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blot?f_ri=37834"},{"id":509782,"name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Tract_Infections?f_ri=37834"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1159038,"name":"Epitopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epitopes?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1180273,"name":"Outer Membrane Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outer_Membrane_Protein?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1361057,"name":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Syncytial_Virus_Infections_Industry?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1426712,"name":"Immunoglobulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1533489,"name":"Haemophilus Infections Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haemophilus_Infections_Market?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1716403,"name":"immunoglobulin G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_G?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27718123" data-work_id="27718123" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27718123/Curcumin_arrests_endometriosis_by_downregulation_of_matrix_metalloproteinase_9_activity_Indian_J_Biochem_Biophys">Curcumin arrests endometriosis by downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Indian J Biochem Biophys</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) possesses diverse pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Endometriosis is a gyneocological disorder characterized... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27718123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) possesses diverse pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Endometriosis is a gyneocological disorder characterized by growth of endometrial tissues outside uterus that involves aberrant matrix remodeling. In this study the effect of curcumin was studied on surgically developed endometriosis in mice. Endometriosis with varying severity was developed in mice by peritoneal implantation of uterine fragments. The changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-1 were investigated in endometriotic tissues following curcumin pre- and posttreatment. Results showed that MMP-9 activity increased gradually in endometriotic tissues with severity and curcumin treatment reversed the MMP-9 activity near to control value. Curcumin administered either post- or pre-endometriosis arrested endometriosis in a dose-dependent manner. It inhib...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27718123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b62e964dc03415fb88b822235d7bf62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47986723,"asset_id":27718123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47986723/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51928770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SnehasiktaSwarnakar">Snehasikta Swarnakar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51928770" type="text/json">{"id":51928770,"first_name":"Snehasikta","last_name":"Swarnakar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SnehasiktaSwarnakar","display_name":"Snehasikta Swarnakar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SnehasiktaSwarnakar?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27718123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27718123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27718123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27718123", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27718123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27718123; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27718123"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27718123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27718123"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27718123; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27718123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27718123").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27718123").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27718123"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular_Matrix">Extracellular Matrix</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29149" type="text/json">{"id":29149,"name":"Extracellular Matrix","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular_Matrix?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice">Mice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84760" type="text/json">{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93232" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curcumin">Curcumin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="93232" type="text/json">{"id":93232,"name":"Curcumin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curcumin?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27718123]'), work: {"id":27718123,"title":"Curcumin arrests endometriosis by downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Indian J Biochem Biophys","created_at":"2016-08-11T18:54:45.725-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27718123/Curcumin_arrests_endometriosis_by_downregulation_of_matrix_metalloproteinase_9_activity_Indian_J_Biochem_Biophys?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_27718123","summary":"Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) possesses diverse pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Endometriosis is a gyneocological disorder characterized by growth of endometrial tissues outside uterus that involves aberrant matrix remodeling. In this study the effect of curcumin was studied on surgically developed endometriosis in mice. Endometriosis with varying severity was developed in mice by peritoneal implantation of uterine fragments. The changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-1 were investigated in endometriotic tissues following curcumin pre- and posttreatment. Results showed that MMP-9 activity increased gradually in endometriotic tissues with severity and curcumin treatment reversed the MMP-9 activity near to control value. Curcumin administered either post- or pre-endometriosis arrested endometriosis in a dose-dependent manner. It inhib...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47986723,"asset_id":27718123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51928770,"first_name":"Snehasikta","last_name":"Swarnakar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SnehasiktaSwarnakar","display_name":"Snehasikta Swarnakar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SnehasiktaSwarnakar?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":29149,"name":"Extracellular Matrix","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular_Matrix?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":93232,"name":"Curcumin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curcumin?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":233372,"name":"Lipid peroxidation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_peroxidation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":410785,"name":"Endometriosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometriosis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=37834"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=37834"},{"id":474029,"name":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1920779,"name":"Matrix Metalloproteinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matrix_Metalloproteinase?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9078629" data-work_id="9078629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9078629/Inter_genomic_cross_talk_between_mitochondria_and_the_nucleus_plays_an_important_role_in_tumorigenesis">Inter-genomic cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus plays an important role in tumorigenesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer cells. Consistent with this phenotype mutations in mitochondrial genome have been reported in all cancers examined to date. However, it is not clear whether mitochondrial genomic status in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9078629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer cells. Consistent with this phenotype mutations in mitochondrial genome have been reported in all cancers examined to date. However, it is not clear whether mitochondrial genomic status in human cells affects nuclear genome stability and whether proteins involved in inter-genomic cross talk are involved in tumorigenesis. Using cell culture model and cybrid cell technology, we provide evidence that mitochondrial genetic status impacts nuclear genome stability in human cells. In particular our studies demonstrate 1) that depletion of mitochondrial genome (rho 0 ) leads to chromosomal instability (CIN) reported to be present in variety of human tumors and 2) rho 0 cells show transformed phenotype. Our study also demonstrates that mitochondrial genetic status plays a key role in regulation of a multifunctional protein APE1 (also known as Ref1 or HAP1) involved in transcription and DNA repair in the nucleus and the mitochondria. Interestingly we found that altered expression of APE1 in rho 0 cells and tumorigenic phenotype can be reversed by exogenous transfer of wild type mitochondria in rho 0 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that APE1 expression is altered in variety of primary tumors. Taken together, these studies suggest that inter-genomic cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus plays an important role in tumorigenesis and that APE1 mediates this process. D</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9078629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d06761a37fab5560d6a8938325222d96" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47894991,"asset_id":9078629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47894991/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20611747" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MKulawiec">Mariola Kulawiec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20611747" type="text/json">{"id":20611747,"first_name":"Mariola","last_name":"Kulawiec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MKulawiec","display_name":"Mariola Kulawiec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MKulawiec?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20611747/5696510/6479734/s65_mariola.kulawiec.jpg_oh_dcf434ec2321d0a437409b001680535a_oe_54ac2cc2___gda___1424739863_b6056d1363937def31a8ff5416c22800"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9078629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9078629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9078629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9078629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9078629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9078629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9078629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9078629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9078629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9078629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9078629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9078629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9078629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9078629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15719" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria">Mitochondria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15719" type="text/json">{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair">DNA repair</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23067" type="text/json">{"id":23067,"name":"DNA repair","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9078629]'), work: {"id":9078629,"title":"Inter-genomic cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus plays an important role in tumorigenesis","created_at":"2014-11-02T06:19:01.988-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9078629/Inter_genomic_cross_talk_between_mitochondria_and_the_nucleus_plays_an_important_role_in_tumorigenesis?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_9078629","summary":"Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer cells. Consistent with this phenotype mutations in mitochondrial genome have been reported in all cancers examined to date. However, it is not clear whether mitochondrial genomic status in human cells affects nuclear genome stability and whether proteins involved in inter-genomic cross talk are involved in tumorigenesis. Using cell culture model and cybrid cell technology, we provide evidence that mitochondrial genetic status impacts nuclear genome stability in human cells. In particular our studies demonstrate 1) that depletion of mitochondrial genome (rho 0 ) leads to chromosomal instability (CIN) reported to be present in variety of human tumors and 2) rho 0 cells show transformed phenotype. Our study also demonstrates that mitochondrial genetic status plays a key role in regulation of a multifunctional protein APE1 (also known as Ref1 or HAP1) involved in transcription and DNA repair in the nucleus and the mitochondria. Interestingly we found that altered expression of APE1 in rho 0 cells and tumorigenic phenotype can be reversed by exogenous transfer of wild type mitochondria in rho 0 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that APE1 expression is altered in variety of primary tumors. Taken together, these studies suggest that inter-genomic cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus plays an important role in tumorigenesis and that APE1 mediates this process. D","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47894991,"asset_id":9078629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20611747,"first_name":"Mariola","last_name":"Kulawiec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MKulawiec","display_name":"Mariola Kulawiec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MKulawiec?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20611747/5696510/6479734/s65_mariola.kulawiec.jpg_oh_dcf434ec2321d0a437409b001680535a_oe_54ac2cc2___gda___1424739863_b6056d1363937def31a8ff5416c22800"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":23067,"name":"DNA repair","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37782,"name":"Cell Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Culture?f_ri=37834"},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=37834"},{"id":59399,"name":"mtDNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mtDNA?f_ri=37834"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=37834"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=37834"},{"id":222708,"name":"Mitochondrial Genome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Genome?f_ri=37834"},{"id":261438,"name":"IHC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IHC?f_ri=37834"},{"id":280879,"name":"Mitochondrial dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_dysfunction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":317801,"name":"Cell nucleus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_nucleus?f_ri=37834"},{"id":328276,"name":"Hybrid Solar Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrid_Solar_Cells?f_ri=37834"},{"id":329503,"name":"CIN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CIN-1?f_ri=37834"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=37834"},{"id":749764,"name":"Sky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sky?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1010835,"name":"Chromosomal Instability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromosomal_Instability?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1232372,"name":"Nucleus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleus?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26682783 coauthored" data-work_id="26682783" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26682783/Early_upregulation_of_matrix_metalloproteinases_following_reperfusion_triggers_neuroinflammatory_mediators_in_brain_ischemia_in_rat">Early upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases following reperfusion triggers neuroinflammatory mediators in brain ischemia in rat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory processes that accompany most central nervous system disease. In particular, early upregulation of the gelatinases... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26682783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory processes that accompany most central nervous system disease. In particular, early upregulation of the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been shown to contribute to disruption of the blood-brain barrier and to death of neurons in ischemic stroke. In situ zymography reveals a significant increase in gelatinolytic MMPs activity in the ischemic brain hemisphere after 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 2-h reperfusion in rat. Accordingly, gel zymography demonstrates that expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are enhanced in cortex and striatum ipsilateral to the ischemic insult. The latter effect appears to be instrumental for development of delayed brain damage since administration of a broad spectrum, highly specific MMPs inhibitor, GM6001, but not by its negative control, results in a significant (50%) reduction in ischemic brain volume. Incr...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26682783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d32c69f942a5d627f5e13f59142d8d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46963534,"asset_id":26682783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46963534/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50675481" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GBagetta">G. Bagetta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50675481" type="text/json">{"id":50675481,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Bagetta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GBagetta","display_name":"G. Bagetta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GBagetta?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26682783">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26682783"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unical.academia.edu/DianaAmantea">Diana Amantea</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26682783'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26682783').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26682783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26682783"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26682783, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26682783", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26682783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26682783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26682783"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26682783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26682783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26682783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26682783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26682783").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26682783").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26682783"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25804" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology">Neurobiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25804" type="text/json">{"id":25804,"name":"Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia">Brain Ischemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172827" type="text/json">{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26682783]'), work: {"id":26682783,"title":"Early upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases following reperfusion triggers neuroinflammatory mediators in brain ischemia in rat","created_at":"2016-07-02T14:34:20.615-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26682783/Early_upregulation_of_matrix_metalloproteinases_following_reperfusion_triggers_neuroinflammatory_mediators_in_brain_ischemia_in_rat?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_26682783","summary":"Abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory processes that accompany most central nervous system disease. In particular, early upregulation of the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been shown to contribute to disruption of the blood-brain barrier and to death of neurons in ischemic stroke. In situ zymography reveals a significant increase in gelatinolytic MMPs activity in the ischemic brain hemisphere after 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 2-h reperfusion in rat. Accordingly, gel zymography demonstrates that expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are enhanced in cortex and striatum ipsilateral to the ischemic insult. The latter effect appears to be instrumental for development of delayed brain damage since administration of a broad spectrum, highly specific MMPs inhibitor, GM6001, but not by its negative control, results in a significant (50%) reduction in ischemic brain volume. Incr...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46963534,"asset_id":26682783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50675481,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Bagetta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GBagetta","display_name":"G. Bagetta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GBagetta?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":45534956,"first_name":"Diana","last_name":"Amantea","domain_name":"unical","page_name":"DianaAmantea","display_name":"Diana Amantea","profile_url":"https://unical.academia.edu/DianaAmantea?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":25804,"name":"Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":190525,"name":"Gelatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gelatin?f_ri=37834"},{"id":247477,"name":"Caspase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caspase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":527897,"name":"Matrix Metalloproteinases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matrix_Metalloproteinases?f_ri=37834"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":794984,"name":"Reperfusion injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reperfusion_injury?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1232950,"name":"Fluorometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorometry?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1920779,"name":"Matrix Metalloproteinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matrix_Metalloproteinase?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11223211 coauthored" data-work_id="11223211" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11223211/TRO40303_a_New_Cardioprotective_Compound_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Permeability_Transition">TRO40303, a New Cardioprotective Compound, Inhibits Mitochondrial Permeability Transition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">3,5-Seco-4-nor-cholestan-5-one oxime-3-ol (TRO40303) is a new cardioprotective compound coming from a chemical series identified initially for neuroprotective properties. TRO40303 binds specifically to the mitochondrial translocator... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11223211" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">3,5-Seco-4-nor-cholestan-5-one oxime-3-ol (TRO40303) is a new cardioprotective compound coming from a chemical series identified initially for neuroprotective properties. TRO40303 binds specifically to the mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) at the cholesterol site. After intravenous administration, TRO40303 tissue distribution was comparable to that of TSPO, and, in particular, the drug accumulated rapidly in the heart. In a model of 35 min of myocardial ischemia/24 h of reperfusion in rats, TRO40303 (2.5 mg/kg) reduced infarct size by 38% (p Ͻ 0.01 versus control), when administered 10 min before reperfusion, which was correlated with reduced release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in the ischemic area at risk. Although TRO40303 had no effect on the calcium retention capacity of isolated mitochondria, unlike cyclosporine A, the drug delayed mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and cell death in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes subjected to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation and inhibited mPTP opening in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide. The effects of TRO40303 on mPTP in cell models of oxidative stress are correlated with a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species production and subsequent calcium overload. TRO40303 is a new mitochondrial-targeted drug and inhibits mPTP triggered by oxidative stress. Its mode of action differs from that of other mPTP inhibitors such as cyclosporine A, thus providing a new pharmacological approach to study mPTP regulation. Its efficacy in an animal model of myocardial infarctions makes TRO40303 a promising new drug for the reduction of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11223211" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30a710e4975b1784dc2b2035dc13f315" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46810129,"asset_id":11223211,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46810129/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27121040" href="https://independent.academia.edu/THIERRYBORDET">THIERRY BORDET</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27121040" type="text/json">{"id":27121040,"first_name":"THIERRY","last_name":"BORDET","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"THIERRYBORDET","display_name":"THIERRY BORDET","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/THIERRYBORDET?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-11223211">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-11223211"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DidierMorin1">Didier Morin</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FBassissi">F. Bassissi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-11223211'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-11223211').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11223211 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11223211"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11223211, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11223211", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11223211 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11223211; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11223211"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11223211 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11223211"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11223211; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11223211]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11223211").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11223211").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11223211"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium">Calcium</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9534" type="text/json">{"id":9534,"name":"Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress">Oxidative Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14292" type="text/json">{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11223211]'), work: {"id":11223211,"title":"TRO40303, a New Cardioprotective Compound, Inhibits Mitochondrial Permeability Transition","created_at":"2015-03-03T02:34:58.729-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11223211/TRO40303_a_New_Cardioprotective_Compound_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Permeability_Transition?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_11223211","summary":"3,5-Seco-4-nor-cholestan-5-one oxime-3-ol (TRO40303) is a new cardioprotective compound coming from a chemical series identified initially for neuroprotective properties. TRO40303 binds specifically to the mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) at the cholesterol site. After intravenous administration, TRO40303 tissue distribution was comparable to that of TSPO, and, in particular, the drug accumulated rapidly in the heart. In a model of 35 min of myocardial ischemia/24 h of reperfusion in rats, TRO40303 (2.5 mg/kg) reduced infarct size by 38% (p Ͻ 0.01 versus control), when administered 10 min before reperfusion, which was correlated with reduced release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in the ischemic area at risk. Although TRO40303 had no effect on the calcium retention capacity of isolated mitochondria, unlike cyclosporine A, the drug delayed mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and cell death in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes subjected to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation and inhibited mPTP opening in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide. The effects of TRO40303 on mPTP in cell models of oxidative stress are correlated with a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species production and subsequent calcium overload. TRO40303 is a new mitochondrial-targeted drug and inhibits mPTP triggered by oxidative stress. Its mode of action differs from that of other mPTP inhibitors such as cyclosporine A, thus providing a new pharmacological approach to study mPTP regulation. Its efficacy in an animal model of myocardial infarctions makes TRO40303 a promising new drug for the reduction of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46810129,"asset_id":11223211,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27121040,"first_name":"THIERRY","last_name":"BORDET","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"THIERRYBORDET","display_name":"THIERRY BORDET","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/THIERRYBORDET?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":71729954,"first_name":"Didier","last_name":"Morin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DidierMorin1","display_name":"Didier Morin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DidierMorin1?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42706660,"first_name":"F.","last_name":"Bassissi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FBassissi","display_name":"F. Bassissi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FBassissi?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":9534,"name":"Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=37834"},{"id":83972,"name":"Permeability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Permeability?f_ri=37834"},{"id":112576,"name":"Cell Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Death?f_ri=37834"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=37834"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":378016,"name":"Myocardial Infarction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myocardial_Infarction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":422456,"name":"Oximes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oximes?f_ri=37834"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=37834"},{"id":710930,"name":"Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Permeability_Transition_Pore?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1352490,"name":"Oxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidants?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26334307" data-work_id="26334307" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26334307/Functional_InsP3_receptors_that_may_modulate_excitation_contraction_coupling_in_the_heart">Functional InsP3 receptors that may modulate excitation–contraction coupling in the heart</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The roles of the Ca 2+ -mobilising messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) in heart are unclear, although many hormones activate InsP 3 production in cardiomyocytes and some of their inotropic, chronotropic and arrhythmogenic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26334307" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The roles of the Ca 2+ -mobilising messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) in heart are unclear, although many hormones activate InsP 3 production in cardiomyocytes and some of their inotropic, chronotropic and arrhythmogenic effects may be due to Ca 2+ release mediated by InsP 3 receptors (InsP 3 Rs) [1-3]. In the present study, we examined the expression and subcellular localisation of InsP 3 R isoforms, and investigated their potential role in modulating excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling). Western, PCR and InsP 3 -binding analysis indicated that both atrial and ventricular myocytes expressed mainly type II InsP 3 Rs, with approximately sixfold higher levels of InsP 3 Rs in atrial cells. Co-immunostaining of atrial myocytes with antibodies against type II ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and type II InsP 3 Rs revealed that the latter were arranged in the subsarcolemmal space where they largely co-localised with the junctional RyRs. Stimulation of quiescent or electrically paced atrial myocytes with a membrane-permeant InsP 3 ester, which enters cells and directly activates InsP 3 Rs, caused the appearance of spontaneous Ca 2+ -release events. In addition, in paced cells, the InsP 3 ester evoked an increase in the amplitudes of action potential-evoked Ca 2+ transients. These data indicate that atrial cardiomyocytes express functional InsP 3 Rs, and that these channels could modulate EC coupling.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26334307" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="356a0093a22ba866e88d0b4b2c8d5483" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46644805,"asset_id":26334307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46644805/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50259000" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinBootman">Martin Bootman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50259000" type="text/json">{"id":50259000,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Bootman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinBootman","display_name":"Martin Bootman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinBootman?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26334307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26334307"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26334307, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26334307", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26334307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26334307; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26334307"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26334307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26334307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26334307; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26334307]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26334307").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26334307").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26334307"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_channels">Calcium channels</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99271" type="text/json">{"id":99271,"name":"Calcium channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_channels?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction">Polymerase Chain Reaction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="118339" type="text/json">{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26334307]'), work: {"id":26334307,"title":"Functional InsP3 receptors that may modulate excitation–contraction coupling in the heart","created_at":"2016-06-20T05:58:11.381-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26334307/Functional_InsP3_receptors_that_may_modulate_excitation_contraction_coupling_in_the_heart?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_26334307","summary":"The roles of the Ca 2+ -mobilising messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) in heart are unclear, although many hormones activate InsP 3 production in cardiomyocytes and some of their inotropic, chronotropic and arrhythmogenic effects may be due to Ca 2+ release mediated by InsP 3 receptors (InsP 3 Rs) [1-3]. In the present study, we examined the expression and subcellular localisation of InsP 3 R isoforms, and investigated their potential role in modulating excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling). Western, PCR and InsP 3 -binding analysis indicated that both atrial and ventricular myocytes expressed mainly type II InsP 3 Rs, with approximately sixfold higher levels of InsP 3 Rs in atrial cells. Co-immunostaining of atrial myocytes with antibodies against type II ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and type II InsP 3 Rs revealed that the latter were arranged in the subsarcolemmal space where they largely co-localised with the junctional RyRs. Stimulation of quiescent or electrically paced atrial myocytes with a membrane-permeant InsP 3 ester, which enters cells and directly activates InsP 3 Rs, caused the appearance of spontaneous Ca 2+ -release events. In addition, in paced cells, the InsP 3 ester evoked an increase in the amplitudes of action potential-evoked Ca 2+ transients. These data indicate that atrial cardiomyocytes express functional InsP 3 Rs, and that these channels could modulate EC coupling.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46644805,"asset_id":26334307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50259000,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Bootman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinBootman","display_name":"Martin Bootman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinBootman?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":99271,"name":"Calcium channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_channels?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":131495,"name":"Heart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart?f_ri=37834"},{"id":146052,"name":"Ryanodine Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ryanodine_Receptor?f_ri=37834"},{"id":392828,"name":"Myocardium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myocardium?f_ri=37834"},{"id":666669,"name":"Action potential","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_potential?f_ri=37834"},{"id":2350842,"name":"Sarcoplasmic reticulum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sarcoplasmic_reticulum?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13153517 coauthored" data-work_id="13153517" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13153517/Dominant_and_recessive_COL6A1_mutations_in_Ullrich_scleroatonic_muscular_dystrophy">Dominant and recessive COL6A1 mutations in Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, we characterized five Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy patients (two Italians, one Belgian, and two Turks) with a clinical phenotype showing different degrees of severity, all carrying mutations localized in COL6A1.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13153517" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, we characterized five Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy patients (two Italians, one Belgian, and two Turks) with a clinical phenotype showing different degrees of severity, all carrying mutations localized in COL6A1. We sequenced the three entire COL6 complementary DNA. Three of five patients have recessive mutations: two patients (P1and P3) have homozygous single-nucleotide deletions, one in exon 9 and one in exon 22; one patient (P2) has a homozygous single-nucleotide substitution leading to a premature termination codon in exon 31. The nonsense mutation of P2 also causes a partial skipping of exon 31 with the formation of a premature termination codon in exon 32 in 15% of the total COL6A1 messenger RNA. The remaining two patients carry a heterozygous glycine substitution in exons 9 and 10 inside the triple-helix region; both are dominant mutations because the missense mutations are absent in the DNA of their respective parents. As for the three homozygous recessive mutations, the apparently healthy consanguineous parents all carry a heterozygous mutated allele. Here, for the first time, we report a genotype-phenotype correlation demonstrating that heterozygous glycine substitutions in the triple-helix domain of COL6A1 are dominant and responsible for a milder Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy phenotype, and that recessive mutations in COL6A1 correlate with more severe clinical and biochemical Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy phenotypes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13153517" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b83b0f9b1839858d1a9557c0abb3c63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45630674,"asset_id":13153517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45630674/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32789993" href="https://unicatt.academia.edu/EnricoBertini">Enrico Bertini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32789993" type="text/json">{"id":32789993,"first_name":"Enrico","last_name":"Bertini","domain_name":"unicatt","page_name":"EnricoBertini","display_name":"Enrico Bertini","profile_url":"https://unicatt.academia.edu/EnricoBertini?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13153517">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13153517"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/StefanoSquarzoni">Stefano Squarzoni</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MerliniL">Luciano Merlini</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BerilTalim">Beril Talim</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatriziaSabatelli">Patrizia Sabatelli</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13153517'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13153517').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13153517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13153517"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13153517, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13153517", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13153517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13153517; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13153517"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13153517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13153517"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13153517; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13153517]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13153517").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13153517").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13153517"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37508" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytoskeleton">Cytoskeleton</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37508" type="text/json">{"id":37508,"name":"Cytoskeleton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytoskeleton?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13153517]'), work: {"id":13153517,"title":"Dominant and recessive COL6A1 mutations in Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy","created_at":"2015-06-21T13:08:28.681-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13153517/Dominant_and_recessive_COL6A1_mutations_in_Ullrich_scleroatonic_muscular_dystrophy?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_13153517","summary":"In this study, we characterized five Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy patients (two Italians, one Belgian, and two Turks) with a clinical phenotype showing different degrees of severity, all carrying mutations localized in COL6A1. We sequenced the three entire COL6 complementary DNA. Three of five patients have recessive mutations: two patients (P1and P3) have homozygous single-nucleotide deletions, one in exon 9 and one in exon 22; one patient (P2) has a homozygous single-nucleotide substitution leading to a premature termination codon in exon 31. The nonsense mutation of P2 also causes a partial skipping of exon 31 with the formation of a premature termination codon in exon 32 in 15% of the total COL6A1 messenger RNA. The remaining two patients carry a heterozygous glycine substitution in exons 9 and 10 inside the triple-helix region; both are dominant mutations because the missense mutations are absent in the DNA of their respective parents. As for the three homozygous recessive mutations, the apparently healthy consanguineous parents all carry a heterozygous mutated allele. Here, for the first time, we report a genotype-phenotype correlation demonstrating that heterozygous glycine substitutions in the triple-helix domain of COL6A1 are dominant and responsible for a milder Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy phenotype, and that recessive mutations in COL6A1 correlate with more severe clinical and biochemical Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy phenotypes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45630674,"asset_id":13153517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32789993,"first_name":"Enrico","last_name":"Bertini","domain_name":"unicatt","page_name":"EnricoBertini","display_name":"Enrico Bertini","profile_url":"https://unicatt.academia.edu/EnricoBertini?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32628622,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Squarzoni","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StefanoSquarzoni","display_name":"Stefano Squarzoni","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StefanoSquarzoni?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32406483,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Merlini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MerliniL","display_name":"Luciano Merlini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MerliniL?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36398444,"first_name":"Beril","last_name":"Talim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BerilTalim","display_name":"Beril Talim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BerilTalim?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36728268,"first_name":"Patrizia","last_name":"Sabatelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatriziaSabatelli","display_name":"Patrizia Sabatelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatriziaSabatelli?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37508,"name":"Cytoskeleton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytoskeleton?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":89118,"name":"Muscular Dystrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscular_Dystrophy?f_ri=37834"},{"id":98995,"name":"Muscular Dystrophies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscular_Dystrophies?f_ri=37834"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=37834"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=37834"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=37834"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group?f_ri=37834"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=37834"},{"id":710565,"name":"Annals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annals?f_ri=37834"},{"id":712543,"name":"Glycine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycine?f_ri=37834"},{"id":954995,"name":"Human Fibroblasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Fibroblasts?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13839865 coauthored" data-work_id="13839865" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13839865/GAS41_amplification_results_in_overexpression_of_a_new_spindle_pole_protein">GAS41 amplification results in overexpression of a new spindle pole protein</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Amplification is a hallmark of many human tumors but the role of most amplified genes in human tumor development is not yet understood. Previously, we identified a frequently amplified gene in glioma termed glioma-amplified sequence 41... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13839865" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Amplification is a hallmark of many human tumors but the role of most amplified genes in human tumor development is not yet understood. Previously, we identified a frequently amplified gene in glioma termed glioma-amplified sequence 41 (GAS41). Using the TCGA data portal and performing experiments on HeLa and TX3868, we analyzed the role of GAS41 amplification on GAS41 overexpression and the effect on the cell cycle. Here we show that GAS41 amplification is associated with overexpression in the majority of cases. Both induced and endogenous overexpression of GAS41 leads to an increase in multipolar spindles. We showed that GAS41 is specifically associated with pericentrosome material. As result of an increased GAS41 expression we found bipolar spindles with misaligned chromosomes. This number was even increased by a combined overexpression of GAS41 and a reduced expression of NuMA. We propose that GAS41 amplification may have an effect on the highly altered karyotype of glioblastoma via its role during spindle pole formation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13839865" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c68d84fa48528f12947738d3d786f8b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44892350,"asset_id":13839865,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44892350/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32929429" href="https://uniklinik-saarland.academia.edu/UlrikeFischer">Ulrike Fischer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32929429" type="text/json">{"id":32929429,"first_name":"Ulrike","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"uniklinik-saarland","page_name":"UlrikeFischer","display_name":"Ulrike Fischer","profile_url":"https://uniklinik-saarland.academia.edu/UlrikeFischer?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32929429/11224674/12524316/s65_ulrike.fischer.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13839865">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13839865"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulChang23">Paul Chang</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13839865'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13839865').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13839865 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13839865"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13839865, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13839865", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13839865 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13839865; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13839865"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13839865 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13839865"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13839865; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13839865]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13839865").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13839865").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13839865"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors">Transcription Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23323" type="text/json">{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13839865]'), work: {"id":13839865,"title":"GAS41 amplification results in overexpression of a new spindle pole protein","created_at":"2015-07-09T07:03:17.959-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13839865/GAS41_amplification_results_in_overexpression_of_a_new_spindle_pole_protein?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_13839865","summary":"Amplification is a hallmark of many human tumors but the role of most amplified genes in human tumor development is not yet understood. Previously, we identified a frequently amplified gene in glioma termed glioma-amplified sequence 41 (GAS41). Using the TCGA data portal and performing experiments on HeLa and TX3868, we analyzed the role of GAS41 amplification on GAS41 overexpression and the effect on the cell cycle. Here we show that GAS41 amplification is associated with overexpression in the majority of cases. Both induced and endogenous overexpression of GAS41 leads to an increase in multipolar spindles. We showed that GAS41 is specifically associated with pericentrosome material. As result of an increased GAS41 expression we found bipolar spindles with misaligned chromosomes. This number was even increased by a combined overexpression of GAS41 and a reduced expression of NuMA. We propose that GAS41 amplification may have an effect on the highly altered karyotype of glioblastoma via its role during spindle pole formation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44892350,"asset_id":13839865,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32929429,"first_name":"Ulrike","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"uniklinik-saarland","page_name":"UlrikeFischer","display_name":"Ulrike Fischer","profile_url":"https://uniklinik-saarland.academia.edu/UlrikeFischer?f_ri=37834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32929429/11224674/12524316/s65_ulrike.fischer.jpg"},{"id":43450380,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Chang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulChang23","display_name":"Paul Chang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulChang23?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":23323,"name":"Transcription Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Factors?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":91499,"name":"Glioblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glioblastoma?f_ri=37834"},{"id":216699,"name":"Immunoprecipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoprecipitation?f_ri=37834"},{"id":323597,"name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Antibody_Technique?f_ri=37834"},{"id":422325,"name":"HeLa cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HeLa_cells?f_ri=37834"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24449756" data-work_id="24449756" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24449756/Evaluation_of_systemic_external_microwave_hyperthermia_for_treatment_of_pleural_metastasis_in_orthotopic_lung_cancer_model">Evaluation of systemic external microwave hyperthermia for treatment of pleural metastasis in orthotopic lung cancer model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">External microwave (EMW) hyperthermia system (2.45 GHz wave frequency) was evaluated by in vitro studies and in vivo pleural metastasis animal model. Three different non-small-cell lung cancer cells and normal fibroblast cells (control)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24449756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">External microwave (EMW) hyperthermia system (2.45 GHz wave frequency) was evaluated by in vitro studies and in vivo pleural metastasis animal model. Three different non-small-cell lung cancer cells and normal fibroblast cells (control) were treated once a day for 3 days with the prototype EMW system applying mild (39˚C), moderate (43˚C), and severe (47˚C) hyperthermia. On Day-4, tested cells were retrieved and examined by apoptosis assay kit and Western blot analysis. Cancer cells treated with moderate hyperthermia showed significant apoptosis; yet no major damage was observed to normal fibroblast cells. Western blot analysis indicated cleavage on caspase-3, -9 and PARP. Also in the cell cycle analysis, increase of sub G0-G1 population was identified. After optimization of the heating intensity for in vivo environment, we created pleural metastatic animal model in 24 immune deficiency mice (male nu/nu mice) to evaluate inhibitory effect of systemic EMW hyperthermia for disseminated tumor growth. Out of 24 mice, 8 received mild and 8 received moderate hyperthermia, and remaining 8 were the no treatment control. Whole chest area of the experimental animals was irradiated 3 times a week for 2 weeks (total of 6 time irradiations). No significant adverse event was observed including abnormal weight loss, skin burn, ulceration, and death. Metastasized tumors around the pleura and chest cavity were 75% reduced in size and weight compared to non-treated control group. Harvested tumors were stained and TUNEL assay demonstrated significant apoptosis in a moderate hyper-thermia group. The EMW hyperthermia system may be possible alternative tool as a systemic hyperthermia therapy in severely advanced lung cancer patients. Further study is necessary to determine device safeness, efficacy, and synergistic effect to other possible combination therapies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24449756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c29d360e4bcbb6b1a24b29f3d35cb58" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44781754,"asset_id":24449756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44781754/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47132532" href="https://okayama-u-jp.academia.edu/ShoichiroOhtani">Shoichiro Ohtani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47132532" type="text/json">{"id":47132532,"first_name":"Shoichiro","last_name":"Ohtani","domain_name":"okayama-u-jp","page_name":"ShoichiroOhtani","display_name":"Shoichiro Ohtani","profile_url":"https://okayama-u-jp.academia.edu/ShoichiroOhtani?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24449756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24449756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24449756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24449756", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24449756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24449756; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24449756"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24449756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24449756"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24449756; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24449756]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24449756").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24449756").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24449756"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage">DNA damage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23066" type="text/json">{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24449756]'), work: {"id":24449756,"title":"Evaluation of systemic external microwave hyperthermia for treatment of pleural metastasis in orthotopic lung cancer model","created_at":"2016-04-15T22:33:29.321-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24449756/Evaluation_of_systemic_external_microwave_hyperthermia_for_treatment_of_pleural_metastasis_in_orthotopic_lung_cancer_model?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_24449756","summary":"External microwave (EMW) hyperthermia system (2.45 GHz wave frequency) was evaluated by in vitro studies and in vivo pleural metastasis animal model. Three different non-small-cell lung cancer cells and normal fibroblast cells (control) were treated once a day for 3 days with the prototype EMW system applying mild (39˚C), moderate (43˚C), and severe (47˚C) hyperthermia. On Day-4, tested cells were retrieved and examined by apoptosis assay kit and Western blot analysis. Cancer cells treated with moderate hyperthermia showed significant apoptosis; yet no major damage was observed to normal fibroblast cells. Western blot analysis indicated cleavage on caspase-3, -9 and PARP. Also in the cell cycle analysis, increase of sub G0-G1 population was identified. After optimization of the heating intensity for in vivo environment, we created pleural metastatic animal model in 24 immune deficiency mice (male nu/nu mice) to evaluate inhibitory effect of systemic EMW hyperthermia for disseminated tumor growth. Out of 24 mice, 8 received mild and 8 received moderate hyperthermia, and remaining 8 were the no treatment control. Whole chest area of the experimental animals was irradiated 3 times a week for 2 weeks (total of 6 time irradiations). No significant adverse event was observed including abnormal weight loss, skin burn, ulceration, and death. Metastasized tumors around the pleura and chest cavity were 75% reduced in size and weight compared to non-treated control group. Harvested tumors were stained and TUNEL assay demonstrated significant apoptosis in a moderate hyper-thermia group. The EMW hyperthermia system may be possible alternative tool as a systemic hyperthermia therapy in severely advanced lung cancer patients. Further study is necessary to determine device safeness, efficacy, and synergistic effect to other possible combination therapies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44781754,"asset_id":24449756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47132532,"first_name":"Shoichiro","last_name":"Ohtani","domain_name":"okayama-u-jp","page_name":"ShoichiroOhtani","display_name":"Shoichiro Ohtani","profile_url":"https://okayama-u-jp.academia.edu/ShoichiroOhtani?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=37834"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=37834"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=37834"},{"id":439473,"name":"Microwaves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microwaves?f_ri=37834"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14298383" data-work_id="14298383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14298383/Preparation_of_a_genetically_fused_protein_A_luciferase_conjugate_for_use_in_bioluminescent_immunoassays">Preparation of a genetically fused protein A/luciferase conjugate for use in bioluminescent immunoassays</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The genes encoding staphylococcal protein A and bacterial luciferase (Vibrio harveyi) were fused in-frame in order to obtain a general marker enzyme for bioluminescent immunoassays. Two constructs were made where protein A was ligated to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14298383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The genes encoding staphylococcal protein A and bacterial luciferase (Vibrio harveyi) were fused in-frame in order to obtain a general marker enzyme for bioluminescent immunoassays. Two constructs were made where protein A was ligated to the first and the 12th amino acid residue, respectively, of the N terminus of the fl subunit of luciferase. Only the first fusion protein encoding the entire/3 subunit was able to form an enzymatically active luciferase complex when expressed together with the a subunit. The fusion of protein A to luciferase did not notably alter the emitted wavelength spectrum or its stability to urea treatment. The fusion protein was found to retain at least 50% of the specific bioluminescent activity compared to native luciferase. In preliminary tests, this hybrid protein was shown to be useful in bioluminescent immunoassays.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14298383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32edbfc180af715688b4032327d0a862" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44344688,"asset_id":14298383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44344688/download_file?st=MTczOTc4NzUzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33256959" href="https://lu.academia.edu/LeifB%C3%BClow">Leif Bülow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33256959" type="text/json">{"id":33256959,"first_name":"Leif","last_name":"Bülow","domain_name":"lu","page_name":"LeifBülow","display_name":"Leif Bülow","profile_url":"https://lu.academia.edu/LeifB%C3%BClow?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14298383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14298383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14298383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14298383", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14298383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14298383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14298383"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14298383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14298383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14298383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14298383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14298383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14298383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14298383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14298383]'), work: {"id":14298383,"title":"Preparation of a genetically fused protein A/luciferase conjugate for use in bioluminescent immunoassays","created_at":"2015-07-22T08:50:49.292-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14298383/Preparation_of_a_genetically_fused_protein_A_luciferase_conjugate_for_use_in_bioluminescent_immunoassays?f_ri=37834","dom_id":"work_14298383","summary":"The genes encoding staphylococcal protein A and bacterial luciferase (Vibrio harveyi) were fused in-frame in order to obtain a general marker enzyme for bioluminescent immunoassays. Two constructs were made where protein A was ligated to the first and the 12th amino acid residue, respectively, of the N terminus of the fl subunit of luciferase. Only the first fusion protein encoding the entire/3 subunit was able to form an enzymatically active luciferase complex when expressed together with the a subunit. The fusion of protein A to luciferase did not notably alter the emitted wavelength spectrum or its stability to urea treatment. The fusion protein was found to retain at least 50% of the specific bioluminescent activity compared to native luciferase. In preliminary tests, this hybrid protein was shown to be useful in bioluminescent immunoassays.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44344688,"asset_id":14298383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33256959,"first_name":"Leif","last_name":"Bülow","domain_name":"lu","page_name":"LeifBülow","display_name":"Leif Bülow","profile_url":"https://lu.academia.edu/LeifB%C3%BClow?f_ri=37834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=37834","nofollow":true},{"id":143827,"name":"Bioluminescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioluminescence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":187882,"name":"Luciferase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luciferase?f_ri=37834"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=37834"},{"id":193464,"name":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Dodecyl_Sulfate-Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=37834"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=37834"},{"id":379748,"name":"Vibrio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrio?f_ri=37834"},{"id":511535,"name":"Immunoassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoassay?f_ri=37834"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=37834"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=37834"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1028017,"name":"SDS PAGE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SDS_PAGE-1?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1030953,"name":"Kb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kb?f_ri=37834"},{"id":1159037,"name":"Fusion Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusion_Protein?f_ri=37834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Western_blotting?after=50%2C14298383" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Western_blotting?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogels">Hydrogels</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="22442">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="22442">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins">Membrane Proteins</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="11298">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="11298">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_synthesis">Polymer synthesis</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="23090">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="23090">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus-Host_Interactions">Virus-Host Interactions</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="29373">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="29373">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus">Influenza virus</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="40279">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="40279">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradable_polymer_composites">Biodegradable polymer composites</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="52630">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="52630">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="57808">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="57808">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages">Macrophages</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="17491">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="17491">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY">PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="4515">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="4515">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence">Amino Acid Sequence</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="809881">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="809881">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "128307c30b69806bfb5f206ef8f22e3cd725911b070cfd9847177b9a79a9dd13", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="FAm05Gm7yV_YNg6oVfC4ltfGaxPH0we14htQd4OTDtVsvaVH9vldP8S3CmWuuZSA_7C-J3K8FOb-Nt9mOo5r-A" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="lbCeNQLern19NxrI2yw-TAak27s9gLjXARCezkuFtpztBI-WnZw6HWG2HgUgZRJaLtIOj4jvq4QdPRHf8pjTsQ" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>