CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js no-svg"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <title>CURRENT ISSUE – ijejournal</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//x.bidswitch.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.criteo.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ib.adnxs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//aax.amazon-adsystem.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//bidder.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cas.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gum.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//tpc.googlesyndication.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ad.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//googleads.g.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagservices.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.g.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.swid.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//a.teads.tv' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid.media.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//adserver-us.adtech.advertising.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fastlane.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid-server.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//hb-api.omnitagjs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//mtrx.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//apex.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//u.openx.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ijejournal » Feed" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ijejournal » Comments Feed" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ijejournal » CURRENT ISSUE Comments Feed" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.8-alpha-59438"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9j90KwjAMhV/IGjYR2YX4LN0aStf0hyZl+PZ2Iswp7PKcfOeDwJLVlKJgFBgpWZWpWhcZllSMNgyW0qjpPDGf4IsNdSOdsSgMWNs1eYeK9AKCIZMWZGB5Eh4JZpSsJ//JwDVCSKZS2xZcHUblxPKTjozkPG7ed/rDd98GXTyKi1aNukBD9806foR7d+uHaz9cun5+AZ+wdOM=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyljkEKwjAQRS9kMgRbSxfiWZJ0iKlpUmYmldze6kZwVXD5ebzHh+eqfMmCWWBNNcTMEOo+HVLYCSFsZtQX3YGrMU3gUvEPlaIjSw1YWkLtmU/wX0juuBwJfSyGGWW1b922UkUFitPhLz8JshJz4K9+W65mOJux7wbTzy+NKWps&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-6-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/coblocks-style.css?m=1681832297i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/core-compat/wp-mediaelement.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-bbpress-premium-themes.css?m=1432920480j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.css?m=1729061509i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='verbum-gutenberg-css-css' href='https://widgets.wp.com/verbum-block-editor/block-editor.css?ver=1721244820' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJydj9sOwjAIhl/ISpaaZTfGZ1kbprUtbQZ12dsPXWKMd3rD4Qc+AJZqfCFBEsjN1NSugRh8yVklk0JEzfhLOapygABUJOg0v4O98MGUG2Yl1OZAFhVWxoc6RIKRGYVh0s7dKtvNaKZ5pJgC/cJiWRP+sfz5mUvFx9fll3zu+sHarj8N9r4BMp5rKw==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='twentyseventeen-style-inline-css'> .site-content-contain {background-color: #ffffff; background-image: url(""); background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; } </style>  <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jMEOAiEMRH/I2l1JjBfjt7CkIqZQsi2S/XvRi3rxNPMmeYO9QpBiVAztRpkUa1vQ+hg2pccIooJelUwxqKLaxgS9Bsn7wTv8esgNKreYiuJKC0scNb6tD/6TIgmwBG9Jyg/AlX1aX+oln+fj5NzpMLvp/gSJIEc2&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-16-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcsKQjEMBX/ImlsQry7ET5GahrbXNCmmRfx7H7gRN+7OwGEGbs2hSifpUIdrPFIRg4V6C3j5MNgQqBoHk4HlcKUYYry/Z5G0RrMV/C06FUEwxRLYsSa1L/iR9Uz1mc0bSKznwK/DsR787Kd5P/ntbnkAuNBIYA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; </script> <script id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> var actionbardata = {"siteID":"94057045","postID":"7","siteURL":"http:\/\/ijejournal.wordpress.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/ijejournal.wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"08eaa18b4b","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6mEx7-7","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/read\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar"}}; </script> <script id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx1UFsOAiEMvJBYH/H1YTyK2YVmBaEgLa57e9GoUaNfk+lMp5NCn5SOJEgCoajkS2eJwaGkRh8fHLgQ7C1paIv1BjL6RtCoFFn4k42DpbHjEbzluurxolKOl+FbkwMGZEilBenrYGA8V0AkaJixxtftgwS/eG7WGr4YvAvuVDAPD3g//dekgu1yrfurZ+tj9/pAH7NpDCvtbz3uQTokOM9uoCiS6kzKNWIXttPVbLKYT5brjbsCz1l89A=='></script> <script id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p6mEx7-7' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fijejournal.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F07%2F02%2Fcurrent-issue%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fijejournal.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F07%2F02%2Fcurrent-issue%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="CURRENT ISSUE" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="September 2024, Volume 12, Number 3 Effectiveness of the Good Behavior Game in Addressing the Maladaptive Behavior of Young StudentsPierce-Nathaniel Bardin, Japan Differentiation of Educational Con…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2015-07-02T10:57:44+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-10-09T13:55:06+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ijejournal" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="249643311490" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="CURRENT ISSUE" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png" /> <link rel='openid.server' href='https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/osd.xml" title="ijejournal" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php"> <style>.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="application-name" content="ijejournal" /><meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=device-width;height=device-height" /><meta name="description" content="September 2024, Volume 12, Number 3 Effectiveness of the Good Behavior Game in Addressing the Maladaptive Behavior of Young StudentsPierce-Nathaniel Bardin, Japan Differentiation of Educational Content Through Artificial Intelligence Systems in Inclusive EducationKaloyan Damyanov, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Bulgaria Effective Teaching for Classroom Management Workshop: The Ghanaian Teachers’ Perspectives and EvaluationKofi Ashiboe-Mensah, Ho Technical…" /> <script> var wa_smart = { 'network_id': 3905, 'site_id': 474853, 'page_id': 1572546, 'blog_id': 94057045, 'post_id': 7, 'theme': 'pub/twentyseventeen', 'target': 'wp_blog_id=94057045;language=en', '_': { 'title': 'Advertisement', 'privacy_settings': 'Privacy Settings' }, 'top': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135099 }, 'inline': { 'enabled': true, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 110354, 'max_slots': 20, 'max_blaze_slots': 20 }, 'belowpost': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 134071 }, 'bottom_sticky': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 117571 }, 'sidebar': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 134686 }, 'sidebar_sticky_right': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135281 }, 'gutenberg_rectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 134788 }, 'gutenberg_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135073 }, 'gutenberg_mobile_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135098 }, 'gutenberg_skyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135088 } }; wa_smart.cmd = []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function __ATA_CC() {var v = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?personalized-ads-consent=([^;]*)(;|$)');return v ? 1 : 0;} var __ATA_PP = { 'pt': 1, 'ht': 0, 'tn': 'twentyseventeen', 'uloggedin': 0, 'amp': false, 'consent': __ATA_CC(), 'gdpr_applies': false, 'ad': { 'label': { 'text': 'Advertisements' }, 'reportAd': { 'text': 'Report this ad' } }, 'disabled_slot_formats': [ 'IAD' ], 'siteid': 8982, 'blogid': 94057045 }; var __ATA = __ATA || {}; __ATA.cmd = __ATA.cmd || []; __ATA.criteo = __ATA.criteo || {}; __ATA.criteo.cmd = __ATA.criteo.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var g=Date.now||function(){return+new Date};function h(a,b){a:{for(var c=a.length,d="string"==typeof a?a.split(""):a,e=0;e<c;e++)if(e in d&&b.call(void 0,d[e],e,a)){b=e;break a}b=-1}return 0>b?null:"string"==typeof a?a.charAt(b):a[b]};function k(a,b,c){c=null!=c?"="+encodeURIComponent(String(c)):"";if(b+=c){c=a.indexOf("#");0>c&&(c=a.length);var d=a.indexOf("?");if(0>d||d>c){d=c;var e=""}else e=a.substring(d+1,c);a=[a.substr(0,d),e,a.substr(c)];c=a[1];a[1]=b?c?c+"&"+b:b:c;a=a[0]+(a[1]?"?"+a[1]:"")+a[2]}return a};var l=0;function m(a,b){var c=document.createElement("script");c.src=a;c.onload=function(){b&&b(void 0)};c.onerror=function(){b&&b("error")};a=document.getElementsByTagName("head");var d;a&&0!==a.length?d=a[0]:d=document.documentElement;d.appendChild(c)}function n(a){var b=void 0===b?document.cookie:b;return(b=h(b.split("; "),function(c){return-1!=c.indexOf(a+"=")}))?b.split("=")[1]:""}function p(a){return"string"==typeof a&&0<a.length} function r(a,b,c){b=void 0===b?"":b;c=void 0===c?".":c;var d=[];Object.keys(a).forEach(function(e){var f=a[e],q=typeof f;"object"==q&&null!=f||"function"==q?d.push(r(f,b+e+c)):null!==f&&void 0!==f&&(e=encodeURIComponent(b+e),d.push(e+"="+encodeURIComponent(f)))});return d.filter(p).join("&")}function t(a,b){a||((window.__ATA||{}).config=b.c,m(b.url))}var u=Math.floor(1E13*Math.random()),v=window.__ATA||{};window.__ATA=v;window.__ATA.cmd=v.cmd||[];v.rid=u;v.createdAt=g();var w=window.__ATA||{},x="s.pubmine.com"; w&&w.serverDomain&&(x=w.serverDomain);var y="//"+x+"/conf",z=window.top===window,A=window.__ATA_PP&&window.__ATA_PP.gdpr_applies,B="boolean"===typeof A?Number(A):null,C=window.__ATA_PP||null,D=z?document.referrer?document.referrer:null:null,E=z?window.location.href:document.referrer?document.referrer:null,F,G=n("__ATA_tuuid");F=G?G:null;var H=window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight,I=n("usprivacy"),J=r({gdpr:B,pp:C,rid:u,src:D,ref:E,tuuid:F,vp:H,us_privacy:I?I:null},"","."); (function(a){var b=void 0===b?"cb":b;l++;var c="callback__"+g().toString(36)+"_"+l.toString(36);a=k(a,b,c);window[c]=function(d){t(void 0,d)};m(a,function(d){d&&t(d)})})(y+"?"+J);}).call(this); </script> <script> var sas_fallback = sas_fallback || []; sas_fallback.push( { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 120,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'belowpost' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 310,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'inline' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 140,formFactor: \'003\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'sidebar' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 110,formFactor: \'002\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'top' } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.doNotSellCallback = function() { var linkElements = [ 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=vertical_footer"]', 'a[href^="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_segment_"]', ].join(','); var dnsLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); dnsLink.href = 'https://wordpress.com/advertising-program-optout/'; dnsLink.classList.add( 'do-not-sell-link' ); dnsLink.rel = 'nofollow'; dnsLink.style.marginLeft = '0.5em'; dnsLink.textContent = 'Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information'; var creditLinks = document.querySelectorAll( linkElements ); if ( 0 === creditLinks.length ) { return false; } Array.prototype.forEach.call( creditLinks, function( el ) { el.insertAdjacentElement( 'afterend', dnsLink ); }); return true; }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.google_analytics_uacct = "UA-52447-2"; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-52447-2']); _gaq.push(['_gat._anonymizeIp']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'wordpress.com']); _gaq.push(['_initData']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-7 single-format-standard wp-embed-responsive customizer-styles-applied colors-light cannot-edit jetpack-reblog-enabled has-marketing-bar has-marketing-bar-theme-twenty-seventeen"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content"> Skip to content </a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header"> <div class="custom-header"> <div class="custom-header-media"> </div> <div class="site-branding"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="site-branding-text"> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/" rel="home">ijejournal</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="site-content-contain"> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="wrap"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <article id="post-7" class="post-7 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span> <a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2015-07-02T10:57:44+00:00">July 2, 2015</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-09T13:55:06+00:00">October 9, 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/author/ijejournal/">ijejournal</a></span></span></div><h1 class="entry-title">CURRENT ISSUE</h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><a>September 2024, Volume 12, Number 3</a></p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/12324ije01.pdf"><strong><strong><strong>Effectiveness of the Good Behavior Game in Addressing the Maladaptive Behavior of Young Students</strong></strong></strong><br></a>Pierce<strong>–</strong>Nathaniel Bardin<strong>, </strong>Japan</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/12324ije03.pdf"></a><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/12324ije02.pdf"><strong><strong>Differentiation of Educational Content Through Artificial Intelligence Systems in Inclusive Education</strong></strong><br></a>Kaloyan Damyanov, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/12324ije03.pdf"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12324ije03.html">Effective Teaching for Classroom Management Workshop: The Ghanaian Teachers’ Perspectives and Evaluation</a><br></strong></a><br>Kofi Ashiboe<strong>–</strong>Mensah<strong>, </strong>Ho Technical University<strong>, </strong>Ghana</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/12324ije04.pdf"><strong>Application of Printed Teaching Materials in Digital Form<br></strong></a><br>Natalia hrkotáčová and Adriana kičková<strong>, </strong>Constantine the Philosopher University<strong>, </strong>Slovakia</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/12324ije05.pdf">Computational Thinking and AI Coding for Kids to Develop Digital Literacy</a></strong><br>Khaula Zeeshan, Timo Hämäläinen and Pekka Neittaanmäki, University of Jyväskylä, Finland</p> <p><a>June 2024, Volume 12, Number 2</a></p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12224ije01.html"><strong>Implementation of the New Senior High School Standards-Based Curriculum in Ghana and Matters Arising: From 21st Century Skills to a Bipolar Global Problem?</strong></a><br><br>David Baaman Laar, Ghana</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12224ije02.html"><strong>Suggestions and Prompts of Foreign Language Activities in Expressive Writing</strong></a><br><br>Ioanna Tyrou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12224ije03.html"><strong>Examining the Learning Engagement of ESL Learners with Native ESL Teaching Instructions, Focusing on Behavioral, Affective, and Cognitive Aspects</strong></a><br><br>Frederick Cecil Yarquah, Japan</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12224ije04.html"><strong>Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness: Methods, Challenges and Implications</strong></a><br><br>Buddhika Nimanthi, Horizon Campus, Sri Lanka</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije01.htmlije/abstract/11323ije01.html"></a></strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12224ije05.html"><strong>Analysis on the Implementation Effect of Promoting Active Learning with Project-Based Learning</strong></a><br><br>Zhan Ying, Zhejiang Institute of Communications, China</p> <p><a>March 2024, Volume 12, Number 1</a></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije01.htmlije/abstract/11323ije01.html"></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12124ije01.html">Cultivation Model of Professional Degree Graduate Students Integrating Industry and Education Under Background of “New Engineering”</a></strong></strong><br><strong><strong>Hongtu Xie, Shiliang Yi, Kai Xie*, Xijiang Lan, Jun Hu, and Liang Wang, Sun Yat-sen University, China</strong></strong></p> <p><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12124ije01.html"></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12124ije02.html">Study on Joint Training Base Construction of Professional Degree Graduate Students Adapting to “New Engineering”</a></strong></strong></strong><br><strong><strong><strong>HongtuXie, ZhitaoWu, KaiXie*, XijiangLan, JunHu, and LiangWang, Sun Yat-sen University, China</strong></strong></strong></p> <p><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12124ije01.html"></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12124ije02.html"><strong></strong></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/12124ije03.html">The Formation of Intercultural Communication Competence of Future English Teachers</a></strong></strong></strong></strong><br><strong><strong><strong><strong>Amer Abdulhussein Hashim Albuhmedee, University of Sumer, Iraq</strong></strong></strong></strong></p> <p><a>September 2023, Volume 11, Number 3</a></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije01.htmlije/abstract/11323ije01.html">Integration of Metaverse Technology Into the Police Academy Education and Training System</a></strong><br><strong>Mayed AlAli and Humaid Alshamsi, Police College, UAE</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/ahttps://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije02.htmlbhttps://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije01.htmlstract/11323ije02.html">Entrepreneurship Education for Human Resource Development: Study Bibliometric</a></strong><br><strong>Nanis Hairunisya, Sulastri Rini Rindrayani, Fajar Supanto and Syaiful Arifin ,  Indocakti College of Economics,<br>Indonesia,  Bhineka PGRI University, Tulungagung, Indonesia, Merdeka University, Indonesia</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://ahttps://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije03.htmlirccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije03.html">From Geography to Geo-Society the Need for Transaction in the Greek State Public System</a></strong><br><strong>Marigoula Kosmidou, Greece</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.chttps://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije04.htmlom/ije/abstract/11323ije04.html">Different Learning Styles and the 4 MAT in Science</a></strong><br><strong>Adolfo E. Obaya-Valdivia, Dulce Parrales-Vargas, Carlos Montaño Osorio, FES Cuautitlán UNAM, México,<br>CCH Naucalpan UNAM, México</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://ahttps://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije05.htmlirccse.com/ije/abstract/11323ije05.html">What the Instructor Can Learn by Recording Students’ Desktop Screens in Online Programming Classes</a></strong><br><strong>Keiichi Takahashi, Kindai University, Japan</strong></p> <p><strong>June 2023, Volume 11, Number 2</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/11223ije01.pdf">Enhancing Academic Communication Skills Through Classroom Interaction: A Case Study of Secondary Schools in the Tahoua Region of Niger</a></strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-justify">Dèkandé Sylvestre Tchangnonhou, Coffi Martinien Zounhin Toboula and Claude Hounyetin, Djibo Hamani University of Tahoua, Niger, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Benin</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/11223ije02.pdf">Determinants of Lecturers Assessment Practice in Higher Education in Somalia</a></strong></p> <p>Mohamed Isse Sidow, Islamic University, Uganda</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/11223ije03.pdf">Research and Practice of a Blended Teaching Mode based on Small Private Online Courses</a></strong></p> <p>Yan Li, Zhuoqun Lu and Heyun Liu, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, China</p> <p><strong>March 2023, Volume 11, Number 1</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11123ije01.html">Are Online Sources Credible? Perspectives from Pre-Service Teachers</a></strong><br>Patrice Morgan, Kingsborough Community College in Brooklyn, NY, USA</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11123ije02.html">No Child is Left Behind? —— Education Problems of Left-behind Children in China</a></strong><br>Yaoyu Zhang, Xiamen University, China</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11123ije03.html">Effects of Supervisory Written Corrective Feedback: A Review to Highlight Past and Future Research Directions</a></strong><br>Bakhtawer Mughal, Jiancheng Qian, Zhengzhou University, China</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11123ije04.html">The Right Way to Avoid Contamination by COVID-19 Virus Based on Barnes-Hut Algorithm</a></strong><br>Radhouane Boughammoura, University of Monastir, Tunisia</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11123ije05.html">Science Communication: A Panacea for Addressing Gender-Gap in Nigeria’s STEM Education</a></strong><br>Titilayo Remilekun Osuagwu, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/11123ije06.html">Enhancing Post-Pandemic EFL Education by Leveraging Immersive, NLP-Driven, AI-based Tools That Promote Collaboration and Interactivity within an Educational Approach</a></strong><br>Coffi Martinien Zounhin Toboula, University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Benin</p> <p><strong><a href="http://September 2022, Volume 10, Number 3">December 2022, Volume 10, Number 4</a></strong></p> <p><strong>Climate-Smart for Indigenous Educations</strong><br>Rolf Pfotenhauer,College of Education, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije02.pdf"></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/10422ije02.pdf">The Opportunities and Challenges of Learning Online During the Pandemic: Thai High School Students’ Perspective</a></strong></p> <p>Pitchsinee Oimpitiwong,Triam Udom Suksa School, Bangkok, Thailand</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/10422ije03.pdf">Spiral Progression Approach in the K to 12 Science Curriculum: A Literature Review</a></strong></p> <p>Shiela L. Tirol, College of Teacher Education, Cebu Roosevelt Memorial Colleges,Bogo City, Cebu, Philippines</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/10422ije04.pdf">Literacy Practices among Tertiary Students in the Western Cape, South Africa</a></strong></p> <p>Magdaline Mbong Mai,Languages, Cultural Studies and Applied Linguistics (LANCSAL), University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524 Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa</p> <p><strong><a href="http://September 2022, Volume 10, Number 3">September 2022, Volume 10, Number 3</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/10322ije01.pdf">Strategies Used to Gain an Effective Parental Involvement: School Administration and Teachers’ Perceptions</a></strong><br>Moshe Sharabi and Gilad Cohen-Ynon, Yezreel Valley Academic College, Israel</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije02.pdf"></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10322ije02.html">Exploring the Translingual Approach to English as a Foreign Language Writing in China</a></strong></p> <p>Sitong Wang, McGill University, Canada</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/10322ije03.pdf">A Systematic Review of Games for Learning Chinese</a></strong></p> <p>Angelina MAKSIMOVA, Peking University, China</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/10322ije04.pdf">Construction and Application of Project Driven “One Body, Two Wings and Three Stages” Teaching Mode based on OBE Concept</a></strong></p> <p>Hongmei Xing and Zhiwei Xu, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/10322ije05.pdf">Universal Education and Research Challenges</a></strong></p> <p>Essardi Omar and Ben Hemza Asmaa, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco</p> <p><strong><a>June 2022, Volume 10, Number 2</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10222ije01.html">Making Virtual Project-based Learning Work During the Covid-19 Pandemic</a></strong><br><strong>Kevin Koh, YuantoKusnadi, Gary Pan, Venky Shankararaman, Singapore Management University, Singapore</strong></p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije02.pdf"></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10222ije02.html">Writing Strategies of L2 Learners in an Online Learning Modality During the Pandemic Period : A Systematic Review of Literature</a></strong></p> <p><strong>Kelvin C. Villanueva1 and Kara S. Panolong2, 1Saint Louis College, Philippines, 2Benguet State University, Philippines</strong></p> <p><strong><a>March 2022, Volume 10, Number 1</a></strong></p> <p><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10122ije01.html">An Evolving Perspective of an Educational Curriculum: A Philosophical, Sociological and Psychological Focus of the Education System</a></strong></strong><br><strong>Lucky Musonda, Management Studies Division, National Institute of Public Administration, Lusaka</strong></p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije02.pdf"><strong><strong></strong></strong></a><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10122ije02.html">Higher Education Teachers’ Perception, Strategies and Challenges in Teaching Critical Thinking Skills: A Case Study of Higher School of Technology Fezmorocco</a></strong></strong></p> <p><strong>Mounia GHALMAT, Bouchra ALAOUI SOSSAI and Asmae BELKHOU,</strong><br><strong>Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez- Morocco</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije03.pdf"></a><strong>Andrea Verdino, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy<a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10122ije03.html">Exploring the Potentials of Intralingual Subtitling in Second Language Learning: An Experimental Study with EFL University Students</a></strong></strong></p> <p>Andrea Verdino, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije04.pdf"></a><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10122ije04.html">Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes about Foreign Language-Related Digital Storytelling</a></strong></strong><br>Ioanna Tyrou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije05.pdf"><strong><strong></strong></strong></a><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/10122ije05.html">Alternative Learning System (ALS) Program Graduates and Level of Readiness Towards Tertiary Education</a></strong></strong></p> <p>Marcelo C. Calabit, University of Southern Mindanao, Philippines</p> <p><strong>I<a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije01.pdf">ntroducing Geography and Reading Map Skills to Kindergarten Children by using Large-Scale Giant Maps</a></strong><br>Christina Zisi, Aikaterini Klonari, Nikolaos Soulakellis and Georgios Tataris, University of the Aegean, Greece</p> <p><strong>December 2021, Volume 9, Number 4</strong></p> <p><strong>I<a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije01.pdf">ntroducing Geography and Reading Map Skills to Kindergarten Children by using Large-Scale Giant Maps</a></strong><br>Christina Zisi, Aikaterini Klonari, Nikolaos Soulakellis and Georgios Tataris, University of the Aegean, Greece</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije02.pdf"><strong>Problem Based Learning: Barrow and Bloom Taxonomy</strong></a><br>Yolanda Marina Vargas-Rodríguez, Adolfo Eduardo Obaya Valdivia and Guadalupe Ivteh Vargas Rodríguez,<br>Depto Ciencias Químicas, México</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije03.pdf">Study on Reform of Electronic Technology Experimental Teaching under Background of “New Engineering</a>”</strong><br>Hongtu Xie, Kang Liang, Xinqiao Jiang, Kaipeng Chen, Guoqian Wang and Kai Xie, Sun Yat-sen University, China</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije04.pdf"><strong>Integration of 360-Degree Photography and Virtual Reality into Museum Storage Facility Design and Education</strong></a><br>Marzia Loddo, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije05.pdf"><strong>Supporting Statistical Literacy with ICT-based Teaching Scenario</strong></a><br>Ourania Rizou1, Aikaterini Klonari2 and Dimitrios Kavroudakis2, 1University of the Aegean, Greece,<br>2University of the Aegean, Greece</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije06.pdf"><strong>Multiculturalism and History Education: Teachers’ Perceptions</strong></a><br>Nikolaidou Charis and Repoussi Maria, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije07.pdf"><strong>Licensure System of Education Professionals: A Case Study in the UAE</strong></a><br>Rawdha Almarar, Amani Alkhodari Doaa Alterri, and Joanna Kalaani, Ministry of Education, UAE</p> <p><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9421ije08.pdf">E<strong>ffects of Humanistic-existential Therapy on Self-Control among Rehabilitated Female Sex Workers in OSUN State</strong></a><br>Adeola Shobola, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria</p> <p><a>September 2021, Volume 9, Number 3</a></p> <p><strong><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije01.html" target="_blank"></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9321ije01.html">Challenges Faced by Student Affairs Practitioners in Embedding Indigenous Knowledge into Student Leadership Development Pedagogy. A Case for Zimbabwe</a></strong></strong><br><strong>Crispen Mazodze</strong><sup>1</sup><strong>, Jacob Mapara</strong><sup>2</sup><strong> and Maria Tsvere</strong><sup>3</sup><strong>, </strong><sup>1</sup><strong>Bindura University of Science Education, </strong><sup>2</sup><strong>Director of</strong> <strong>Institute of Lifelong Learning,.Chinhoyi University of Technology, </strong><sup>3</sup><strong>Chinhoyi University of Technology, Director</strong> <strong>Academy of Teaching and Learning</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije02.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong></strong></a><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9321ije02.html">A Path Analytical Model on Factors with the Implementation of Civic Education Curriculum among Teachers in Cross River State, Nigeria</a></strong></strong></p> <p>J<strong>Anagbogu, German Effa, Ofoegbu, Jude Uzodinma, Ovat, Sylvia Victor and Owor Effiom Owor,</strong> <strong>University Of Calabar, Nigeria</strong></p> <p><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije03.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Effects of Principals’ Provision of Teaching and Learning Materials on Students’ Perfomance in Mathematics in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Meru County</a></strong></strong></p> <p><strong>Honjen Kirikua Thiharu Maingi, Paul Maithya and Alexander Ronoh, Maasai Mara University, Kenya</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije04.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">International Higher Education Students and Educators Psychological Experiences of <strong>From Personal Experiences of Transformative Learning on Educational Challenges and Reforms in Secondary School in China</strong></a></strong></p> <p><strong>Wei Zhang and Tetyana Koshmanova, Western Michigan University, USA</strong></p> <p><strong><a>June 2021, Volume 9, Number 2</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije01.html">Enhancing Cultural Intelligence and Digital Literacy in Accounting Education: Insights from a University’s Global Student Consulting Programme</a></strong></p> <p><br>Clarence Goh, Yuanto Kusnadi, Gary Pan and Poh Sun Seow, Singapore Management University, Singapore</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije02.html">A Tale of Two Degrees: Always Ask Why</a></strong></p> <p>John Tamine, University of Pittsburgh, USA</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije03.html">Emotion Detection and Opinion Mining from Student Comments for Teaching Innovation Assessment</a></strong></p> <p>Angelina Tzacheva and Akshaya Easwaran, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije04.html">International Higher Education Students and Educators Psychological Experiences of Covid-19 in an Emerging Country</a></strong></p> <p>Kayi Ntinda1 and Nomazulu Ngozwana2, 1Department of Education Foundations and Management, Eswatini, 2Department of Adult Education, Eswatini</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije05.html">Information Communication & Technology (ICT): A Comparative Literature Review of Education in the United States and Liberia</a></strong></p> <p>Damita Kaloostian and Nalini Chhetri, Arizona State University, USA</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9221ije06.html">Design Guidelines for Applications that Target Arab Dyslexic Students</a></strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/9221ije06.pdf"></a></p> <p>Raghad Alsudays, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</p> <p><a><strong></strong></a><strong><a>March 2021, Volume 9, Number 1</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9121ije01.html">Relationship Between Principals’ Disciplinary Approach and Students’ Disruptive Behaviours in Secondary Schools in North Central Zone of Nigeria</a></strong></p> <p><br>Idoko Boniface Idoko, Emmanuel Secondary School Ugbokol, Nigeria</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9121ije02.html">The Effectiveness of an ICT based Teaching Scenario of Tsunami on Students’ Learning: A Case Study</a></strong></p> <p><br>Anthoula-Styliani Passadelli and Aikaterini Klonari, University of the Aegean, Greece</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9121ije03.html">‘Social Media are not Necessary for our Work’. Social Media usage Practices by Primary School Teachers. A Greek Case Study</a></strong></p> <p><br>Vana Chiou and Maria Sideri, University of the Aegean, Greece</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9121ije04.html">Inquiring Elements Affecting Students’ Low Skills in Spoken English at Higher Secondary School Level<br>in the Punjab Pakistan</a></strong></p> <p><br>Muhammad Shakil, Shabana Kousar, Yasmeen Basheer and Fatima Batool, Punjab School Education Department, Pakistan</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/9121ije05.html">Justice Oriented Transformative Collaboration in Schools as a Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic</a></strong></p> <p><br>Noah Borrero and Christine J. Yeh, University of San Francisco, USA</p> <p><a><strong>December 2020, Volume 8, Number 4</strong></a></p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije01.html"><strong>Action Learning for Crime Prevention: Implications for Community Safety</strong></a></p> <p>Nomazulu Ngozwana, Lindiwe Ngcobo and David Jele, University of Eswatini, Eswatini</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije02.html"><strong>Discussion on Large-scale Online Education Practices Amid the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak</strong></a></p> <p>Xiaojie Geng, China University of Geosciences, China</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije03.html"><strong>The Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on Children’s Education in Disadvantaged and Rural Area across Indonesia</strong></a></p> <p>Mega Indrawati, Cahyo Prihadi and Ayu Siantoro, Wahana Visi Indonesia, Indonesia</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije04.html">Aesthetic Intelligence and Aesthetic Experience in Children</a></strong></p> <p>Lilly K V and Sudhakar Venukapalli, The English and Foreign Languages University, India</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije05.html">Are we Effectively Teaching Today’s College Student?</a></strong></p> <p>Candice Dowd Barnes, Patty Kohler-Evans and Rachel A. Wingfield, University of Central Arkansas, USA</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije06.html">Digital Competences for Teachers – The Digi.Kompp Model in an International Comparison and in the Practice of Austrian Teacher Training</a></strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-justify">Gerhard Brandhofer<sup>1</sup> and Marlene Miglbauer<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>University College of Teacher Education Lower Austria, Austria, <sup>2</sup>University College of Virtual Teacher Education, Austria</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije07.html">A Literature Review on Geography Teachers’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Towards Dyslexia</a></strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-justify">Passadelli Anthoula Styliani and Klonari Aikaterini, University of the Aegean, Greece</p> <p class="has-text-align-justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije08.html">A Historical Development of Contrastive Analysis: A Relevant Review in Second and Foreign Language Teaching</a></strong></p> <p>Nathalie DJIGUIMKOUDRE, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso</p> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8420ije09.html">Use of ICT to Enhance the Learning Process in Higher Education</a></strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-justify">Chetlal Prasad<sup>1</sup> and Pushpa Gupta<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>MaaVindhyavashini Post Graduate College of Education, India, <sup>2</sup>Hazaribag VinobaBhave University, India</p> <h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="september-2020-volume-8-number-3"><a>September 2020, Volume 8, Number 3</a></h4> <figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><tbody><tr><td><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8220ije01.html"></a><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/8320ije01.pdf"><br></a></strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8320ije01.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>Educational Digital Games as Learning Tools: Microsoft Kodu’s Case</strong><br></a><br><br>Christos Lalos<sup>1</sup> and Ilektra Skarpa<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>University of Alicante, Spain, <sup>2</sup>University of Murcia, Spain</td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8320ije01.html" target="_blank"><strong><strong></strong></strong></a><strong><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8320ije02.html">Discussion on the Talent Training of Universities with Industry Characteristics from the Perspective of Courses</a></strong></strong></p> <p>Xiaojie Geng<sup>1</sup>, Li Shen<sup>2</sup>, Yanxi Deng<sup>1</sup> and Li Lin<sup>1</sup>, <sup>1</sup>China university of Geosciences, China, <sup>2</sup>Wuhan University, China</p> <p><strong><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8320ije03.html" target="_blank">Factors Affecting Students’ Low Competence In Reading English at Primary Level in Pakistan</a></strong></p> <p>Muhammad Shakil, Punjab School Education Department, Pakistan</p> <p><strong><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8320ije04.html" target="_blank">An Exploration of Factors Affecting the Process of English Language Course Design from The Perspectives of Teachers in A College Contex</a><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8320ije04.html">t</a></strong></p> <p>Iman Alkhalidi, Al Buraimi University College, Oman</p> <h4>June 2020, Volume 8, Number 2</h4> <table id="n5" class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8220ije01.html">Assessing the Impact of Accommodations on Mood and Future Travel Actions During A Short-term Study Abroad Experience</a></b></p> <p>James Tanoos, Purdue Polytechnic Vincennes, USA</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><b><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8220ije02.html"> Academic Expectation Stress, Psychological Capital, Humour Style and Student   Wellbeing</a></b></h4> <p>Nicole Johnston and Tony Cassidy, Ulster University, Northern Ireland</p> <p><b><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8220ije03.html"> Effectiveness of Demonstration Method to Teach the Abstract Concepts to the   Children Between the Age of Six to Ten. an Experimental Research</a></b></p> <p>Muhammad Arshad Hussain, Punjab School Education Department, Pakistan</p> <h4>March 2020, Volume 8, Number 1</h4> <p style="text-align:justify"><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8120ije01.html"><strong>Developing A Convergence Methodology Between Engineering Technology and Fashion Design Education</strong></a><br />Hyunseung Lee, Kookmin University, South Korea</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8120ije02.html">Exploratory Assessment of Strategy for Learning Redox Reactions in High School</a></strong><br />Angelita Morales1, Adolfo Obaya2, Carlos Montaño2 and Yolanda Marina Vargas2, 1CBT No. 2 Bicentennial Huehuetoca SEP Edo. Mexico and 2FES-Cuautitlán UNAM MADEMS Química, Mexico</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8120ije03.html">Implementing A Landscape Educational Project Among Greek Pupils: Valuable Lessons and Hard Realizations</a></strong><br />Ioanna Siama, Theano S. Terkenli and Aikaterini Klonari, University of the Aegean, Greece</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8120ije04.html"><strong>The Suitability of Selected Social Media for Language Education</strong></a><br />Adeleke Ayobami Gideon and Akpomuje (nee Folarin) Folake A, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/abstract/8120ije05.html"><strong>Integration into Canadian Society: How Armenian Syrian Millennial Refugees use Social Media</strong></a><br />Alyssa Racco, York University, Canada</p> <h4>September  2019, Volume 7, Number 2/3</h4> <p><strong><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/7319ije01.pdf">OVERCOMING STIGMA-THREAT MOTIVATED NONDISCLOSURE OF RAPE VICTIMS THROUGH RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY (REBT)</a></strong></p> <p>Idoko Boniface Idoko, Igbo Happiness, Yakubu, Meremu.Principal, Emmanuel Secondary School Ugbokolo, Benue State Nigeria.Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Benue State University Makurdi.School Counsellor, UBE Girls’ Juniour Secondary School, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria</p> <h4>March 2019, Volume 7, Number 1</h4> <table id="n5" class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/abstract/7119ije01.html">Causes of Low Achievement of University’ Students from Their Points of View</a></b><br />Kahtan Ahmed Al-Dahir, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Jordan</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/abstract/7119ije02.html">Effects of School Type (Day School and Boarding School) on Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Social Studies</a></b><br />ODE, Dickson, Wesley High School, Nigeria</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/abstract/7119ije03.html">Interpreting Physics Teachers’ Feedback Comments on Students’ Solutions to Motion Tasks </a></b><br /><sup>1</sup>Zahra Parvanehnezhad and <sup>2</sup>Samson Madera Nashon, <sup>1</sup>Deakin University, Australia and <sup>2</sup>University of British Columbia, Canada</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/abstract/7119ije04.html">Sipoc Model in Moroccan Engineering Education Context: Lean Approach </a></b><br />Amine Hadek, Hind Chaibate, Soumia Bakkali and Souad Ajana, Hassan Ii University Of Casablanca, Morocco</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4>December 2018, Volume 6, Number 4</h4> <table class="show" style="width:676px;height:668px" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/6418ije01.pdf"><span style="color:#0000ff">Optimization of the Recursive One-Sided Hypothesis Testing Technique for Autonomous Threshold Estimation in Cognitive Radio</span></a></p> <p>Ho Thi Hong Van<sup>1</sup>, Le Ngoc Hoan<sup>2</sup> and Dinh Quang Bao<sup>2</sup>,<sup>1</sup>The Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences, Vietnam and<sup>2</sup>Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam</p> <p><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/6418ije02.pdf"><span style="color:#3366ff">Evoking Motivation for Achievement In Ó’ Level Mathematics in Zimbabwe</span></a></p> <p>Chipo Makamure, Belvedere Technical Teachers College, Zimbabwe</p> <p><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/6418ije03.pdf"><span style="color:#0000ff">Effective Coverage of Learning Domains in Students Assessment by Lecturers of Cross River University of Technology Calabar Nigeria</span> </a></p> <p>Ntu n. Nkomo, Henry ojating, Cross River University of Technology Calabar, Nigeria</p> <p><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/6418ije04.pdf"><span style="color:#0000ff">The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Communities on Research Literacy and Achievement Goal Motivation</span></a></p> <p>Mary Gutman, Efrata College, Israel</p> <p><span style="color:#0000ff"><a style="color:#0000ff" href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/6418ije05.pdf">Effects of Corrective Feedback on Learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) </a></span></p> <p>Gelan Hesham Abdou Ahmed Mahmoud, Zewail University of Science and Technology, Egypt</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><a name="#dec"></a>September 2018, Volume 6, Number 3</h4> <table class="show" style="width:678px" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6318ije01.pdf"><span style="color:#3366ff">Effect of Extrinsic Motivation on Secondary School Student’s Academic Achievement in Social Studies</span> </a><br />ODE, Dickson, Wesley High School, Nigeria</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>June 2018, Volume 6, Number 1/2</strong></p> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><span style="color:#3366ff"><a style="color:#3366ff" href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6218ije01.pdf">Product Design as a Creative Methodology among Scientific Technological and Artistic Education</a></span><br />Joseba K. Azcaray Fernandez1, Manuel Martinez Toran1, Marcelo Leslabay Martinez2 and Chele Esteve Sendra1, 1Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain and 2Universidad Deusto, Spain</td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:#3366ff"><a style="color:#3366ff" href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6218ije02.pdf">School Climate and Organizational Citizenship Behavior </a></span><br />Salome Ruguru Njagi, University of Eastern Africa, Kenya</td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:#3366ff"><a style="color:#3366ff" href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6218ije03.pdf">Women Empowerment Impregnates the</a><a style="color:#3366ff" href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6218ije03.pdf"> Developm</a><a style="color:#3366ff" href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6218ije03.pdf">ent</a><a style="color:#3366ff" href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6218ije03.pdf"> 21st Century Scenario  </a></span><br />Indira Nath, Yeaqub Ali B.Ed College, India<br /><span style="color:#3366ff"><a style="color:#3366ff" href="https://airccse.com/ije/papers/6218ije04.pdf">Effects of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Secondary School Students’ Academic Achivement in the Learning of Government as a Subject  </a></span><br />ODE Dickson, Wesley High School, Nigeria</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><a name="#dec"></a>December 2017, Volume 5,Number 3/4</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/5417ije01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Determinants of Administrative Effectiveness in Higher Education : A Study of Occupational Efficacy, Administrative Behavior and Job Satisfaction of Educational Administrators Working in Indian Universities </a><br />Firdous Ahmad Sofal, Central University of Kashmir, India</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/5417ije02.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Smart Ubiquitous Learning Environments </a><br />Matthew Montebello, University of Illinois, USA</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4> </h4> <h4>June 2017, Volume 5, Number 2</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/5217ije01.pdf">An Effective Professional Development Series Improves the Quality of Teacher Child Interactions</a></span></b><br />Anika Bugarin-Jebejian, Concordia University, United States</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/5217ije02.pdf">Evaluate the Affected Factors on Student’s Mathematics Performance in Rural Areas by Estimating an Education Production Function : As a Case Study of Passara Educational Zone, Sri Lanka</a></span></b><br />E.V.D.Dilhani, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><a name="#dec"></a>March 2017, Volume 5, Number 1</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/5117ije01.pdf">The Application of the Competency Based Approach to Assess the Training and Employment Adequacy Problem</a></span></b><br />AIT HADDOUCHANE Zineb<sup>1</sup> and BAKKALI Soumia<sup>1</sup>,AJANA Souad<sup>1</sup> and GASSEMI Karim<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>Higher National School of Electricity and Mechanics, Morocco and <sup>2</sup>High School of Business and Management, Morocco</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><a name="#dec"></a>December 2016, Volume 4, Number 4</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/4416ije01.pdf">Teachers’ and Students’ Perception and the Challenges of Introducing Mentoring for the Undergrad Students of Bangladesh</a></span></b><br />Iffat Naomee<sup>1</sup> and Asif Bayezid<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>Agami Education Foundation, Bangladesh and <sup>2</sup>Prime University, Bangladesh</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/4416ije02.pdf">Embodying the Educational Institution </a>  </strong><br />Matthew Montebello, University of Malta, Malta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/4416ije03.pdf">Cultural Snapshot : Fostering Crosscultural Understanding Through Cultural Project </a><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/4416ije03.pdf">  </a></strong><br />Kunto Nurcahyoko, PamaneTalino Teaching College, Indonesia</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4> </h4> <h4><a name="#sep"></a>September 2016, Volume 4, Number 2/3</h4> <p><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/4316ije01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cultivating Students Innovative Practice Ability in Hardware Experiment</a></span></b><br />Shanshan Li, Ninghan Zheng, Chengbin Quan and Yongqiang Chen, Tsinghua University, China</p> <h4><a name="#mar"></a>March 2016, Volume 4, Number 1</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccse.com/ije/papers/4116ije01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Main Problems of the Students at Primary Level in rural Area Oftehsil: Ferozwala, District: Sheikhupura- Pakistan</a></span></b><br />Muhammad Faisal Hashami, District Sheikhupura Government of the Punjab, Pakistan</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4> </h4> <h4><a name="#sep"></a>September 2015, Volume 3, Number 3</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300">Special Issue : Second International Conference on Education (EDU 2015)</span></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3315ije01.pdf">Organising Subject Material in Accordance with Ubiquitous Student Status</a></span></b><br />Anandi Giridharan and Pallapa Venkataram, Indian Institute of Science, India</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3315ije02.pdf">Predictors Of Teacher Collaboration And On The Job Effectiveness</a></span></b><br />Ozoh, Michael. C. And A. A. Ladan, Department Of Educational Psychology, Federal University Of Education Zaria, Nigeria</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3315ije03.pdf">Assessing The Psychological Disposition Of College Students On Functional Education And National Development In Nigeria</a></span></b><br />A. A. Ladan, Department Of Educational Psychology, Federal University Of Education Zaria, Nigeria</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300">Regular Issue</span></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3315ije04.pdf">A Religious Education in Uzbekistan under Soviet Imperialism. A Secular Based Approach</a></span></b><br />Riyaz Ahmad Sheikh, University of Kashmir, India</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3315ije05.pdf">Pahlavi’s the Pioneers of Education in Iran: A Study of Reza Shah</a></span></b><br />G.N.Khaki and Mohd Altaf Bhat, University of Kashmir, India</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><span style="color:#993300"><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3315ije06.pdf">Impact of Business Intelligence on Employee Knowledgesharing in Jordanian Telecommunication Compan</a>y</span></b><br />Abdel Rahim M.Zabadi<sup>1</sup> and Mohammad Saleem Alshura<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>University of Business & Technology College of Engineering & Information Technology, Saudi Arabia and <sup>2</sup>The world Islamic sciences & Education University, Jordan</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><a name="#june"></a></h4> <h4>June 2015, Volume 3, Number 2</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3215ije01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><b><span style="color:#993300">Enrolment of Tribal Girls in Secondary Schools of Odisha</span></b> </a><br />Lokanath Mishra, Principal Vivek college of Education, India</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3215ije02.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><b><span style="color:#993300">A University-Industry Collaboration Case Study: Intel Real-Time Multi-View Face Detection Capstone Design Projects</span></b>  </a><br />Vincent Chang<sup>1</sup>, Bohua Gan<sup>1</sup>, Guanying Wang<sup>1</sup>, Xiuli Pan<sup>1</sup>, Guan Wang<sup>1</sup>, Naihai Zou<sup>2</sup> and Fleming Feng<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, China and <sup>2</sup>Intel Asia-Pacific Research and Development Ltd, China</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4> </h4> <h4><a name="#mar"></a>March 2015, Volume 3, Number 1</h4> <table class="show" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><span style="color:#3d596d"><a href="http://airccj.org/edu/papers/3115ije01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Trend in Influences on Career Choice in Quantity Surveying and Its Implications </a><br />Samuel Ekung<sup>1</sup> and Ejike Okonkwo<sup>2</sup>, <sup>1</sup>University of Salford, United Kingdom and <sup>2</sup>University of Uyo, Nigeria</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table><div id="atatags-370373-67414d41e8962"> <script type="text/javascript"> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initVideoSlot('atatags-370373-67414d41e8962', { sectionId: '370373', format: 'inread' }); }); </script> </div><span id="wordads-inline-marker" style="display: none;"></span> <div id="atatags-26942-67414d41e8a83"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-26942-67414d41e8a83', location: 120, formFactor: '001', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script><div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-7" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-7" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-94057045-7-67414d41e9c56' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20241123#blog_id=94057045&post_id=7&origin=ijejournal.wordpress.com&obj_id=94057045-7-67414d41e9c56' data-name='like-post-frame-94057045-7-67414d41e9c56' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> <div id='jp-relatedposts' class='jp-relatedposts' > <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> </div></div> </div> </article> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a comment <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/2015/07/02/current-issue/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate> <div id="comment-form__verbum" class="transparent"></div><div class="verbum-form-meta"><input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='7' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> <input type="hidden" name="highlander_comment_nonce" id="highlander_comment_nonce" value="e3e0ad3bd3" /> <input type="hidden" name="verbum_show_subscription_modal" value="" /></div><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="3b448af308" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="161"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </div> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2023/08/09/402/" rel="next"><span class="screen-reader-text">Next Post</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="nav-subtitle">Next</span> <span class="nav-title">International Journal of Education ( IJE )<span class="nav-title-icon-wrapper"><svg class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-arrow-right" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-right"></use> </svg></span></span></a></div></div> </nav> </main> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"> <div class="wrap"> <aside class="widget-area" aria-label="Footer"> <div class="widget-column footer-widget-1"> <section id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/"> <label for="search-form-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Search for: </span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-form-1" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"><svg class="icon icon-search" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-search" xlink:href="#icon-search"></use> </svg><span class="screen-reader-text"> Search </span></button> </form> </section> <section id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h2><nav aria-label="Recent Posts"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2023/08/09/402/">International Journal of Education ( IJE )</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/" aria-current="page">CURRENT ISSUE</a> </li> </ul> </nav></section><section id="recent-comments-3" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h2 class="widget-title">Recent Comments</h2></section><section id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widget-title">Archives</h2><nav aria-label="Archives"> <ul> <li><a href='https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2023/08/'>August 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/'>July 2015</a></li> </ul> </nav></section><section id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Categories</h2><nav aria-label="Categories"> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </nav></section><section id="meta-3" class="widget widget_meta"><h2 class="widget-title">Meta</h2><nav aria-label="Meta"> <ul> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li> </ul> </nav></section> <div id="atatags-286348-67414d41ed57e"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-286348-67414d41ed57e', location: 140, formFactor: '003', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script> </div> </aside> <div class="site-info"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website" rel="nofollow">Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com.</a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div>  <script src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=2024474048849247f5660a2d05b85c6fc286379897f30a1061ad46e7f037e059ed7fe7" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script id="wpgroho-js-extra"> var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile': 'Edit your profile', 'View profile': 'View profile', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { function init() { document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', function() { if ( typeof __ATA.insertInlineAds === 'function' ) { __ATA.insertInlineAds(); } } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> ( function () { var setupPrivacy = function() { // Minimal Mozilla Cookie library // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}}; // Implement IAB USP API. window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) { // Validate callback. if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) { return; } // Validate the given command. if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie. if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) { callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true ); return; } // Check for cookie. var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Invalid cookie. if ( null === consent ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data. callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true ); }; // Initialization. document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Internal functions. var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() { var value = '1YNN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() { var value = '1YYN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() { var value = '1---'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) { var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); } var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() { if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) { return window.doNotSellCallback(); } return false; } // Look for usprivacy cookie first. var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Found a usprivacy cookie. if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) { // If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail. if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) { return; } // CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page. maybeCallDoNotSellCallback(); // We're all done, no more processing needed. return; } // We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie. var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' ); // No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California. // This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers, // only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region. if ( null === ccpaCookie ) { var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true ); request.onreadystatechange = function () { if ( 4 === this.readyState ) { if ( 200 === this.status ) { // Got a geo response. Parse out the region data. var data = JSON.parse( this.response ); var region = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : ''; var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1; // Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently. setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies ); // Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie. if ( ccpa_applies ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } else { // Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe. setCcpaAppliesCookie( true ); if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } } }; // Send the geo request. request.send(); } else { // We found a CCPA applies cookie. if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } } ); }; // Kickoff initialization. if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy ); } else { setupPrivacy(); } } )(); </script>  <div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget"> <div class="hide-on-button ads-active" data-hide-timeout="30" data-consent-expiration="180" id="eu-cookie-law" style="display: none" > <form method="post"> <input type="submit" value="Close and accept" class="accept" /> Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. <br /> To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: <a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow"> Cookie Policy </a> </form> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-twentyseventeen actnbr-has-follow"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-comment" href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/#respond"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-comment" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M12 16l-5 5v-5H5c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v9c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-7z"/></g></svg> <span>Comment </span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-reblog" href=""> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-reblog" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M22.086 9.914L20 7.828V18c0 1.105-.895 2-2 2h-7v-2h7V7.828l-2.086 2.086L14.5 8.5 19 4l4.5 4.5-1.414 1.414zM6 16.172V6h7V4H6c-1.105 0-2 .895-2 2v10.172l-2.086-2.086L.5 15.5 5 20l4.5-4.5-1.414-1.414L6 16.172z"/></g></svg><span>Reblog</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> ijejournal </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="94057045" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="16137b6f9f" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fijejournal.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F07%2F02%2Fcurrent-issue%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> ijejournal </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-customize"> <a href="https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/wp-admin/customize.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fijejournal.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F07%2F02%2Fcurrent-issue%2F"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-customize" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M2 6c0-1.505.78-3.08 2-4 0 .845.69 2 2 2 1.657 0 3 1.343 3 3 0 .386-.08.752-.212 1.09.74.594 1.476 1.19 2.19 1.81L8.9 11.98c-.62-.716-1.214-1.454-1.807-2.192C6.753 9.92 6.387 10 6 10c-2.21 0-4-1.79-4-4zm12.152 6.848l1.34-1.34c.607.304 1.283.492 2.008.492 2.485 0 4.5-2.015 4.5-4.5 0-.725-.188-1.4-.493-2.007L18 9l-2-2 3.507-3.507C18.9 3.188 18.225 3 17.5 3 15.015 3 13 5.015 13 7.5c0 .725.188 1.4.493 2.007L3 20l2 2 6.848-6.848c1.885 1.928 3.874 3.753 5.977 5.45l1.425 1.148 1.5-1.5-1.15-1.425c-1.695-2.103-3.52-4.092-5.448-5.977z"/></g></svg> <span>Customize</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fijejournal.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F07%2F02%2Fcurrent-issue%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"><a href="https://wp.me/p6mEx7-7">Copy shortlink</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://ijejournal.wordpress.com/2015/07/02/current-issue/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/read/blogs/94057045/posts/7"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20241015"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20231122"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/ijejournal.wordpress.com\/2015\/07\/02\/current-issue\/":7}; </script> <script id="comment-like-js-extra"> var comment_like_text = {"loading":"Loading...","swipeUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/comment-likes\/js\/lib\/swipe.js?ver=20131008"}; </script> <script id="twentyseventeen-skip-link-focus-fix-js-extra"> var twentyseventeenScreenReaderText = {"quote":"<svg class=\"icon icon-quote-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\"> <use href=\"#icon-quote-right\" xlink:href=\"#icon-quote-right\"><\/use> <\/svg>"}; </script> <script id="sharing-js-js-extra"> var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; </script> <script id="verbum-settings-js-before"> window.VerbumComments = {"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.","Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.","Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.":"Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.","Name":"Name","Email (address never made public)":"Email (address never made public)","Website (optional)":"Website (optional)","Leave a reply. (log in optional)":"Leave a reply. (log in optional)","Leave a comment. (log in optional)":"Leave a comment. (log in optional)","Log in to leave a reply.":"Log in to leave a reply.","Log in to leave a comment.":"Log in to leave a comment.","Logged in via %s":"Logged in via %s","Log out":"Log out","Email":"Email","(Address never made public)":"(Address never made public)","Instantly":"Instantly","Daily":"Daily","Reply":"Reply","Comment":"Comment","WordPress":"WordPress","Weekly":"Weekly","Notify me of new posts":"Notify me of new posts","Email me new posts":"Email me new posts","Email me new comments":"Email me new comments","Cancel":"Cancel","Write a comment...":"Write a comment...","Write a reply...":"Write a reply...","Website":"Website","Optional":"Optional","We'll keep you in the loop!":"We'll keep you in the loop!","Loading your comment...":"Loading your comment...","Discover more from":"Discover more from ijejournal","Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.":"Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.","Continue reading":"Continue reading","Never miss a beat!":"Never miss a beat!","Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!":"Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Comment sent successfully":"Comment sent successfully","Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.":"Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.","siteId":94057045,"postId":7,"mustLogIn":false,"requireNameEmail":true,"commentRegistration":false,"connectURL":"https:\/\/ijejournal.wordpress.com\/public.api\/connect\/?action=request","logoutURL":"https:\/\/ijejournal.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?action=logout&_wpnonce=fb5108aad3","homeURL":"https:\/\/ijejournal.wordpress.com\/","subscribeToBlog":true,"subscribeToComment":true,"isJetpackCommentsLoggedIn":false,"jetpackUsername":"","jetpackUserId":0,"jetpackSignature":"","jetpackAvatar":"https:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=identicon&r=G","enableBlocks":true,"enableSubscriptionModal":true,"currentLocale":"en","isJetpackComments":false,"allowedBlocks":["core\/paragraph","core\/list","core\/code","core\/list-item","core\/quote","core\/image","core\/embed","core\/quote","core\/code"],"embedNonce":"3ab859a298","verbumBundleUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/features\/verbum-comments\/dist\/index.js","isRTL":false,"vbeCacheBuster":1721244820,"iframeUniqueId":0} </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydUstOwzAQ/CFctyoIcUD8BHfk2Jt0k/UDr03I37N90SqtSsXJ0ezM7DhjPSZlYygQiu5Z+9gggaoM2XSCKQxtXPT8oM94DcVOJaodBtZjzM44VpYMM/DWZDSF5hpfTwp0HRTWUGUaBwRFZtQFfCJTYIbf8CEchP1ZocLGBEeQj2QMlqrbh3HIRX9BcDFvRynS1CLRwmO44d1DScYOSqAx2egPA801HM1MLdGbUtBesDVnq5uK5IScm+plhfeygvX2J8nhpmA8WkXRuFPuK0EOQrW/bD8D5sKyAS+0VBtdRgEmBklbAMJxsTjwgEnkYVBttJVVi9//8ukoNuai6LukvbSWpwXbHIne47XejvfMkGj6oy0zIHsoar1Y6g8x+QXavCO7O5o+K3hnsa+PNyaDvG837T4xdIcob/519bxePa6X66eX/gdTgDw5'></script> <script id="sharing-js-js-after"> var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function() { try{ if ( window.external &&'msIsSiteMode' in window.external) { if (window.external.msIsSiteMode()) { var jl = document.createElement('script'); jl.type='text/javascript'; jl.async=true; jl.src='/wp-content/plugins/ie-sitemode/custom-jumplist.php'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(jl, s); } } }catch(e){} })(); // ]]> </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241123#ver=20241123&origin=https://ijejournal.wordpress.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?67" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'94057045','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'94057045','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'7','subd':'ijejournal'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5XaGUuOTlwaD85flAmcm1mcmZsaDhkV11YdWFnNncxc1tjZG9XVXhRZmhSYUFEMXVJdlp1Q2dGaT0lXXxFb1RyWzM3ZWV0ZjI4SmVUVlVdWWNTSi5NXStEblZMN3NqMn43RUxFSjZJfCVfQXB1VEZ3Ky1nUyZiOSZDT1NscmslYmk2a2N0U0w0SF0yND03TC5XWXhrUCVMM0p6c0EvSnJSODFGRjdJTEVKXXZZcFY5RWstL2dyXXNCciUxaEgtVSVha043LH5+MkI4eHlpb11JZDMxZUVEa29PdnhMQT9Peno0WWQsTjhtRlJYenUsRWQtdXBiLUwtRXJsbnBEdVhRNG5MJlpnUS04VVZUWnZLMVFJRHYmfko/N2VbPVlueExbbmV3SkQvXUU0RDUyREZsaWJRbUxxREVRQ3pkLzhEQg=='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '94057045', '7' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"enq_jquery":"1","logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/twentyseventeen","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?i=12&m=202447"></script><script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"enq_jquery":"1","logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/twentyseventeen","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur-4.min.js?i=12&m=202447"></script><div id="marketingbar" class="marketing-bar noskim "><div class="marketing-bar-text">Design a site like this with WordPress.com</div><a class="marketing-bar-button" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar">Get started</a><a class="marketing-bar-link" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Create your website at WordPress.com" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar"></a></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window._tkq = window._tkq || []; window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_impression', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); document.querySelectorAll( '#marketingbar > a' ).forEach( link => { link.addEventListener( 'click', ( e ) => { window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_cta_click', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); } ); }); </script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script><svg style="position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden;" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <symbol id="icon-behance" viewBox="0 0 37 32"> <path class="path1" d="M33 6.054h-9.125v2.214h9.125v-2.214zM28.5 13.661q-1.607 0-2.607 0.938t-1.107 2.545h7.286q-0.321-3.482-3.571-3.482zM28.786 24.107q1.125 0 2.179-0.571t1.357-1.554h3.946q-1.786 5.482-7.625 5.482-3.821 0-6.080-2.357t-2.259-6.196q0-3.714 2.33-6.17t6.009-2.455q2.464 0 4.295 1.214t2.732 3.196 0.902 4.429q0 0.304-0.036 0.839h-11.75q0 1.982 1.027 3.063t2.973 1.080zM4.946 23.214h5.286q3.661 0 3.661-2.982 0-3.214-3.554-3.214h-5.393v6.196zM4.946 13.625h5.018q1.393 0 2.205-0.652t0.813-2.027q0-2.571-3.393-2.571h-4.643v5.25zM0 4.536h10.607q1.554 0 2.768 0.25t2.259 0.848 1.607 1.723 0.563 2.75q0 3.232-3.071 4.696 2.036 0.571 3.071 2.054t1.036 3.643q0 1.339-0.438 2.438t-1.179 1.848-1.759 1.268-2.161 0.75-2.393 0.232h-10.911v-22.5z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-deviantart" viewBox="0 0 18 32"> <path class="path1" d="M18.286 5.411l-5.411 10.393 0.429 0.554h4.982v7.411h-9.054l-0.786 0.536-2.536 4.875-0.536 0.536h-5.375v-5.411l5.411-10.411-0.429-0.536h-4.982v-7.411h9.054l0.786-0.536 2.536-4.875 0.536-0.536h5.375v5.411z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-medium" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M10.661 7.518v20.946q0 0.446-0.223 0.759t-0.652 0.313q-0.304 0-0.589-0.143l-8.304-4.161q-0.375-0.179-0.634-0.598t-0.259-0.83v-20.357q0-0.357 0.179-0.607t0.518-0.25q0.25 0 0.786 0.268l9.125 4.571q0.054 0.054 0.054 0.089zM11.804 9.321l9.536 15.464-9.536-4.75v-10.714zM32 9.643v18.821q0 0.446-0.25 0.723t-0.679 0.277-0.839-0.232l-7.875-3.929zM31.946 7.5q0 0.054-4.58 7.491t-5.366 8.705l-6.964-11.321 5.786-9.411q0.304-0.5 0.929-0.5 0.25 0 0.464 0.107l9.661 4.821q0.071 0.036 0.071 0.107z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-slideshare" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M15.589 13.214q0 1.482-1.134 2.545t-2.723 1.063-2.723-1.063-1.134-2.545q0-1.5 1.134-2.554t2.723-1.054 2.723 1.054 1.134 2.554zM24.554 13.214q0 1.482-1.125 2.545t-2.732 1.063q-1.589 0-2.723-1.063t-1.134-2.545q0-1.5 1.134-2.554t2.723-1.054q1.607 0 2.732 1.054t1.125 2.554zM28.571 16.429v-11.911q0-1.554-0.571-2.205t-1.982-0.652h-19.857q-1.482 0-2.009 0.607t-0.527 2.25v12.018q0.768 0.411 1.58 0.714t1.446 0.5 1.446 0.33 1.268 0.196 1.25 0.071 1.045 0.009 1.009-0.036 0.795-0.036q1.214-0.018 1.696 0.482 0.107 0.107 0.179 0.161 0.464 0.446 1.089 0.911 0.125-1.625 2.107-1.554 0.089 0 0.652 0.027t0.768 0.036 0.813 0.018 0.946-0.018 0.973-0.080 1.089-0.152 1.107-0.241 1.196-0.348 1.205-0.482 1.286-0.616zM31.482 16.339q-2.161 2.661-6.643 4.5 1.5 5.089-0.411 8.304-1.179 2.018-3.268 2.643-1.857 0.571-3.25-0.268-1.536-0.911-1.464-2.929l-0.018-5.821v-0.018q-0.143-0.036-0.438-0.107t-0.42-0.089l-0.018 6.036q0.071 2.036-1.482 2.929-1.411 0.839-3.268 0.268-2.089-0.643-3.25-2.679-1.875-3.214-0.393-8.268-4.482-1.839-6.643-4.5-0.446-0.661-0.071-1.125t1.071 0.018q0.054 0.036 0.196 0.125t0.196 0.143v-12.393q0-1.286 0.839-2.196t2.036-0.911h22.446q1.196 0 2.036 0.911t0.839 2.196v12.393l0.375-0.268q0.696-0.482 1.071-0.018t-0.071 1.125z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-snapchat-ghost" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> <path class="path1" d="M15.143 2.286q2.393-0.018 4.295 1.223t2.92 3.438q0.482 1.036 0.482 3.196 0 0.839-0.161 3.411 0.25 0.125 0.5 0.125 0.321 0 0.911-0.241t0.911-0.241q0.518 0 1 0.321t0.482 0.821q0 0.571-0.563 0.964t-1.232 0.563-1.232 0.518-0.563 0.848q0 0.268 0.214 0.768 0.661 1.464 1.83 2.679t2.58 1.804q0.5 0.214 1.429 0.411 0.5 0.107 0.5 0.625 0 1.25-3.911 1.839-0.125 0.196-0.196 0.696t-0.25 0.83-0.589 0.33q-0.357 0-1.107-0.116t-1.143-0.116q-0.661 0-1.107 0.089-0.571 0.089-1.125 0.402t-1.036 0.679-1.036 0.723-1.357 0.598-1.768 0.241q-0.929 0-1.723-0.241t-1.339-0.598-1.027-0.723-1.036-0.679-1.107-0.402q-0.464-0.089-1.125-0.089-0.429 0-1.17 0.134t-1.045 0.134q-0.446 0-0.625-0.33t-0.25-0.848-0.196-0.714q-3.911-0.589-3.911-1.839 0-0.518 0.5-0.625 0.929-0.196 1.429-0.411 1.393-0.571 2.58-1.804t1.83-2.679q0.214-0.5 0.214-0.768 0-0.5-0.563-0.848t-1.241-0.527-1.241-0.563-0.563-0.938q0-0.482 0.464-0.813t0.982-0.33q0.268 0 0.857 0.232t0.946 0.232q0.321 0 0.571-0.125-0.161-2.536-0.161-3.393 0-2.179 0.482-3.214 1.143-2.446 3.071-3.536t4.714-1.125z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-yelp" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M13.804 23.554v2.268q-0.018 5.214-0.107 5.446-0.214 0.571-0.911 0.714-0.964 0.161-3.241-0.679t-2.902-1.589q-0.232-0.268-0.304-0.643-0.018-0.214 0.071-0.464 0.071-0.179 0.607-0.839t3.232-3.857q0.018 0 1.071-1.25 0.268-0.339 0.705-0.438t0.884 0.063q0.429 0.179 0.67 0.518t0.223 0.75zM11.143 19.071q-0.054 0.982-0.929 1.25l-2.143 0.696q-4.911 1.571-5.214 1.571-0.625-0.036-0.964-0.643-0.214-0.446-0.304-1.339-0.143-1.357 0.018-2.973t0.536-2.223 1-0.571q0.232 0 3.607 1.375 1.25 0.518 2.054 0.839l1.5 0.607q0.411 0.161 0.634 0.545t0.205 0.866zM25.893 24.375q-0.125 0.964-1.634 2.875t-2.42 2.268q-0.661 0.25-1.125-0.125-0.25-0.179-3.286-5.125l-0.839-1.375q-0.25-0.375-0.205-0.821t0.348-0.821q0.625-0.768 1.482-0.464 0.018 0.018 2.125 0.714 3.625 1.179 4.321 1.42t0.839 0.366q0.5 0.393 0.393 1.089zM13.893 13.089q0.089 1.821-0.964 2.179-1.036 0.304-2.036-1.268l-6.75-10.679q-0.143-0.625 0.339-1.107 0.732-0.768 3.705-1.598t4.009-0.563q0.714 0.179 0.875 0.804 0.054 0.321 0.393 5.455t0.429 6.777zM25.714 15.018q0.054 0.696-0.464 1.054-0.268 0.179-5.875 1.536-1.196 0.268-1.625 0.411l0.018-0.036q-0.411 0.107-0.821-0.071t-0.661-0.571q-0.536-0.839 0-1.554 0.018-0.018 1.339-1.821 2.232-3.054 2.679-3.643t0.607-0.696q0.5-0.339 1.161-0.036 0.857 0.411 2.196 2.384t1.446 2.991v0.054z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-vine" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M26.732 14.768v3.536q-1.804 0.411-3.536 0.411-1.161 2.429-2.955 4.839t-3.241 3.848-2.286 1.902q-1.429 0.804-2.893-0.054-0.5-0.304-1.080-0.777t-1.518-1.491-1.83-2.295-1.92-3.286-1.884-4.357-1.634-5.616-1.259-6.964h5.054q0.464 3.893 1.25 7.116t1.866 5.661 2.17 4.205 2.5 3.482q3.018-3.018 5.125-7.25-2.536-1.286-3.982-3.929t-1.446-5.946q0-3.429 1.857-5.616t5.071-2.188q3.179 0 4.875 1.884t1.696 5.313q0 2.839-1.036 5.107-0.125 0.018-0.348 0.054t-0.821 0.036-1.125-0.107-1.107-0.455-0.902-0.92q0.554-1.839 0.554-3.286 0-1.554-0.518-2.357t-1.411-0.804q-0.946 0-1.518 0.884t-0.571 2.509q0 3.321 1.875 5.241t4.768 1.92q1.107 0 2.161-0.25z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-vk" viewBox="0 0 35 32"> <path class="path1" d="M34.232 9.286q0.411 1.143-2.679 5.25-0.429 0.571-1.161 1.518-1.393 1.786-1.607 2.339-0.304 0.732 0.25 1.446 0.304 0.375 1.446 1.464h0.018l0.071 0.071q2.518 2.339 3.411 3.946 0.054 0.089 0.116 0.223t0.125 0.473-0.009 0.607-0.446 0.491-1.054 0.223l-4.571 0.071q-0.429 0.089-1-0.089t-0.929-0.393l-0.357-0.214q-0.536-0.375-1.25-1.143t-1.223-1.384-1.089-1.036-1.009-0.277q-0.054 0.018-0.143 0.063t-0.304 0.259-0.384 0.527-0.304 0.929-0.116 1.384q0 0.268-0.063 0.491t-0.134 0.33l-0.071 0.089q-0.321 0.339-0.946 0.393h-2.054q-1.268 0.071-2.607-0.295t-2.348-0.946-1.839-1.179-1.259-1.027l-0.446-0.429q-0.179-0.179-0.491-0.536t-1.277-1.625-1.893-2.696-2.188-3.768-2.33-4.857q-0.107-0.286-0.107-0.482t0.054-0.286l0.071-0.107q0.268-0.339 1.018-0.339l4.893-0.036q0.214 0.036 0.411 0.116t0.286 0.152l0.089 0.054q0.286 0.196 0.429 0.571 0.357 0.893 0.821 1.848t0.732 1.455l0.286 0.518q0.518 1.071 1 1.857t0.866 1.223 0.741 0.688 0.607 0.25 0.482-0.089q0.036-0.018 0.089-0.089t0.214-0.393 0.241-0.839 0.17-1.446 0-2.232q-0.036-0.714-0.161-1.304t-0.25-0.821l-0.107-0.214q-0.446-0.607-1.518-0.768-0.232-0.036 0.089-0.429 0.304-0.339 0.679-0.536 0.946-0.464 4.268-0.429 1.464 0.018 2.411 0.232 0.357 0.089 0.598 0.241t0.366 0.429 0.188 0.571 0.063 0.813-0.018 0.982-0.045 1.259-0.027 1.473q0 0.196-0.018 0.75t-0.009 0.857 0.063 0.723 0.205 0.696 0.402 0.438q0.143 0.036 0.304 0.071t0.464-0.196 0.679-0.616 0.929-1.196 1.214-1.92q1.071-1.857 1.911-4.018 0.071-0.179 0.179-0.313t0.196-0.188l0.071-0.054 0.089-0.045t0.232-0.054 0.357-0.009l5.143-0.036q0.696-0.089 1.143 0.045t0.554 0.295z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-search" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> <path class="path1" d="M20.571 14.857q0-3.304-2.348-5.652t-5.652-2.348-5.652 2.348-2.348 5.652 2.348 5.652 5.652 2.348 5.652-2.348 2.348-5.652zM29.714 29.714q0 0.929-0.679 1.607t-1.607 0.679q-0.964 0-1.607-0.679l-6.125-6.107q-3.196 2.214-7.125 2.214-2.554 0-4.884-0.991t-4.018-2.679-2.679-4.018-0.991-4.884 0.991-4.884 2.679-4.018 4.018-2.679 4.884-0.991 4.884 0.991 4.018 2.679 2.679 4.018 0.991 4.884q0 3.929-2.214 7.125l6.125 6.125q0.661 0.661 0.661 1.607z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-envelope-o" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M29.714 26.857v-13.714q-0.571 0.643-1.232 1.179-4.786 3.679-7.607 6.036-0.911 0.768-1.482 1.196t-1.545 0.866-1.83 0.438h-0.036q-0.857 0-1.83-0.438t-1.545-0.866-1.482-1.196q-2.821-2.357-7.607-6.036-0.661-0.536-1.232-1.179v13.714q0 0.232 0.17 0.402t0.402 0.17h26.286q0.232 0 0.402-0.17t0.17-0.402zM29.714 8.089v-0.438t-0.009-0.232-0.054-0.223-0.098-0.161-0.161-0.134-0.25-0.045h-26.286q-0.232 0-0.402 0.17t-0.17 0.402q0 3 2.625 5.071 3.446 2.714 7.161 5.661 0.107 0.089 0.625 0.527t0.821 0.67 0.795 0.563 0.902 0.491 0.768 0.161h0.036q0.357 0 0.768-0.161t0.902-0.491 0.795-0.563 0.821-0.67 0.625-0.527q3.714-2.946 7.161-5.661 0.964-0.768 1.795-2.063t0.83-2.348zM32 7.429v19.429q0 1.179-0.839 2.018t-2.018 0.839h-26.286q-1.179 0-2.018-0.839t-0.839-2.018v-19.429q0-1.179 0.839-2.018t2.018-0.839h26.286q1.179 0 2.018 0.839t0.839 2.018z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-close" viewBox="0 0 25 32"> <path class="path1" d="M23.179 23.607q0 0.714-0.5 1.214l-2.429 2.429q-0.5 0.5-1.214 0.5t-1.214-0.5l-5.25-5.25-5.25 5.25q-0.5 0.5-1.214 0.5t-1.214-0.5l-2.429-2.429q-0.5-0.5-0.5-1.214t0.5-1.214l5.25-5.25-5.25-5.25q-0.5-0.5-0.5-1.214t0.5-1.214l2.429-2.429q0.5-0.5 1.214-0.5t1.214 0.5l5.25 5.25 5.25-5.25q0.5-0.5 1.214-0.5t1.214 0.5l2.429 2.429q0.5 0.5 0.5 1.214t-0.5 1.214l-5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25q0.5 0.5 0.5 1.214z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-angle-down" viewBox="0 0 21 32"> <path class="path1" d="M19.196 13.143q0 0.232-0.179 0.411l-8.321 8.321q-0.179 0.179-0.411 0.179t-0.411-0.179l-8.321-8.321q-0.179-0.179-0.179-0.411t0.179-0.411l0.893-0.893q0.179-0.179 0.411-0.179t0.411 0.179l7.018 7.018 7.018-7.018q0.179-0.179 0.411-0.179t0.411 0.179l0.893 0.893q0.179 0.179 0.179 0.411z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-folder-open" viewBox="0 0 34 32"> <path class="path1" d="M33.554 17q0 0.554-0.554 1.179l-6 7.071q-0.768 0.911-2.152 1.545t-2.563 0.634h-19.429q-0.607 0-1.080-0.232t-0.473-0.768q0-0.554 0.554-1.179l6-7.071q0.768-0.911 2.152-1.545t2.563-0.634h19.429q0.607 0 1.080 0.232t0.473 0.768zM27.429 10.857v2.857h-14.857q-1.679 0-3.518 0.848t-2.929 2.134l-6.107 7.179q0-0.071-0.009-0.223t-0.009-0.223v-17.143q0-1.643 1.179-2.821t2.821-1.179h5.714q1.643 0 2.821 1.179t1.179 2.821v0.571h9.714q1.643 0 2.821 1.179t1.179 2.821z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-twitter" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> <path class="path1" d="M28.929 7.286q-1.196 1.75-2.893 2.982 0.018 0.25 0.018 0.75 0 2.321-0.679 4.634t-2.063 4.437-3.295 3.759-4.607 2.607-5.768 0.973q-4.839 0-8.857-2.589 0.625 0.071 1.393 0.071 4.018 0 7.161-2.464-1.875-0.036-3.357-1.152t-2.036-2.848q0.589 0.089 1.089 0.089 0.768 0 1.518-0.196-2-0.411-3.313-1.991t-1.313-3.67v-0.071q1.214 0.679 2.607 0.732-1.179-0.786-1.875-2.054t-0.696-2.75q0-1.571 0.786-2.911 2.161 2.661 5.259 4.259t6.634 1.777q-0.143-0.679-0.143-1.321 0-2.393 1.688-4.080t4.080-1.688q2.5 0 4.214 1.821 1.946-0.375 3.661-1.393-0.661 2.054-2.536 3.179 1.661-0.179 3.321-0.893z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-facebook" viewBox="0 0 19 32"> <path class="path1" d="M17.125 0.214v4.714h-2.804q-1.536 0-2.071 0.643t-0.536 1.929v3.375h5.232l-0.696 5.286h-4.536v13.554h-5.464v-13.554h-4.554v-5.286h4.554v-3.893q0-3.321 1.857-5.152t4.946-1.83q2.625 0 4.071 0.214z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-github" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M13.714 2.286q3.732 0 6.884 1.839t4.991 4.991 1.839 6.884q0 4.482-2.616 8.063t-6.759 4.955q-0.482 0.089-0.714-0.125t-0.232-0.536q0-0.054 0.009-1.366t0.009-2.402q0-1.732-0.929-2.536 1.018-0.107 1.83-0.321t1.679-0.696 1.446-1.188 0.946-1.875 0.366-2.688q0-2.125-1.411-3.679 0.661-1.625-0.143-3.643-0.5-0.161-1.446 0.196t-1.643 0.786l-0.679 0.429q-1.661-0.464-3.429-0.464t-3.429 0.464q-0.286-0.196-0.759-0.482t-1.491-0.688-1.518-0.241q-0.804 2.018-0.143 3.643-1.411 1.554-1.411 3.679 0 1.518 0.366 2.679t0.938 1.875 1.438 1.196 1.679 0.696 1.83 0.321q-0.696 0.643-0.875 1.839-0.375 0.179-0.804 0.268t-1.018 0.089-1.17-0.384-0.991-1.116q-0.339-0.571-0.866-0.929t-0.884-0.429l-0.357-0.054q-0.375 0-0.518 0.080t-0.089 0.205 0.161 0.25 0.232 0.214l0.125 0.089q0.393 0.179 0.777 0.679t0.563 0.911l0.179 0.411q0.232 0.679 0.786 1.098t1.196 0.536 1.241 0.125 0.991-0.063l0.411-0.071q0 0.679 0.009 1.58t0.009 0.973q0 0.321-0.232 0.536t-0.714 0.125q-4.143-1.375-6.759-4.955t-2.616-8.063q0-3.732 1.839-6.884t4.991-4.991 6.884-1.839zM5.196 21.982q0.054-0.125-0.125-0.214-0.179-0.054-0.232 0.036-0.054 0.125 0.125 0.214 0.161 0.107 0.232-0.036zM5.75 22.589q0.125-0.089-0.036-0.286-0.179-0.161-0.286-0.054-0.125 0.089 0.036 0.286 0.179 0.179 0.286 0.054zM6.286 23.393q0.161-0.125 0-0.339-0.143-0.232-0.304-0.107-0.161 0.089 0 0.321t0.304 0.125zM7.036 24.143q0.143-0.143-0.071-0.339-0.214-0.214-0.357-0.054-0.161 0.143 0.071 0.339 0.214 0.214 0.357 0.054zM8.054 24.589q0.054-0.196-0.232-0.286-0.268-0.071-0.339 0.125t0.232 0.268q0.268 0.107 0.339-0.107zM9.179 24.679q0-0.232-0.304-0.196-0.286 0-0.286 0.196 0 0.232 0.304 0.196 0.286 0 0.286-0.196zM10.214 24.5q-0.036-0.196-0.321-0.161-0.286 0.054-0.25 0.268t0.321 0.143 0.25-0.25z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-bars" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M27.429 24v2.286q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-25.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h25.143q0.464 0 0.804 0.339t0.339 0.804zM27.429 14.857v2.286q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-25.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h25.143q0.464 0 0.804 0.339t0.339 0.804zM27.429 5.714v2.286q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-25.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h25.143q0.464 0 0.804 0.339t0.339 0.804z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-google-plus" viewBox="0 0 41 32"> <path class="path1" d="M25.661 16.304q0 3.714-1.554 6.616t-4.429 4.536-6.589 1.634q-2.661 0-5.089-1.036t-4.179-2.786-2.786-4.179-1.036-5.089 1.036-5.089 2.786-4.179 4.179-2.786 5.089-1.036q5.107 0 8.768 3.429l-3.554 3.411q-2.089-2.018-5.214-2.018-2.196 0-4.063 1.107t-2.955 3.009-1.089 4.152 1.089 4.152 2.955 3.009 4.063 1.107q1.482 0 2.723-0.411t2.045-1.027 1.402-1.402 0.875-1.482 0.384-1.321h-7.429v-4.5h12.357q0.214 1.125 0.214 2.179zM41.143 14.125v3.75h-3.732v3.732h-3.75v-3.732h-3.732v-3.75h3.732v-3.732h3.75v3.732h3.732z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-linkedin" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M6.232 11.161v17.696h-5.893v-17.696h5.893zM6.607 5.696q0.018 1.304-0.902 2.179t-2.42 0.875h-0.036q-1.464 0-2.357-0.875t-0.893-2.179q0-1.321 0.92-2.188t2.402-0.866 2.375 0.866 0.911 2.188zM27.429 18.714v10.143h-5.875v-9.464q0-1.875-0.723-2.938t-2.259-1.063q-1.125 0-1.884 0.616t-1.134 1.527q-0.196 0.536-0.196 1.446v9.875h-5.875q0.036-7.125 0.036-11.554t-0.018-5.286l-0.018-0.857h5.875v2.571h-0.036q0.357-0.571 0.732-1t1.009-0.929 1.554-0.777 2.045-0.277q3.054 0 4.911 2.027t1.857 5.938z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-quote-right" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> <path class="path1" d="M13.714 5.714v12.571q0 1.857-0.723 3.545t-1.955 2.92-2.92 1.955-3.545 0.723h-1.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h1.143q1.893 0 3.232-1.339t1.339-3.232v-0.571q0-0.714-0.5-1.214t-1.214-0.5h-4q-1.429 0-2.429-1t-1-2.429v-6.857q0-1.429 1-2.429t2.429-1h6.857q1.429 0 2.429 1t1 2.429zM29.714 5.714v12.571q0 1.857-0.723 3.545t-1.955 2.92-2.92 1.955-3.545 0.723h-1.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h1.143q1.893 0 3.232-1.339t1.339-3.232v-0.571q0-0.714-0.5-1.214t-1.214-0.5h-4q-1.429 0-2.429-1t-1-2.429v-6.857q0-1.429 1-2.429t2.429-1h6.857q1.429 0 2.429 1t1 2.429z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-mail-reply" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M32 20q0 2.964-2.268 8.054-0.054 0.125-0.188 0.429t-0.241 0.536-0.232 0.393q-0.214 0.304-0.5 0.304-0.268 0-0.42-0.179t-0.152-0.446q0-0.161 0.045-0.473t0.045-0.42q0.089-1.214 0.089-2.196 0-1.804-0.313-3.232t-0.866-2.473-1.429-1.804-1.884-1.241-2.375-0.759-2.75-0.384-3.134-0.107h-4v4.571q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339-0.804-0.339l-9.143-9.143q-0.339-0.339-0.339-0.804t0.339-0.804l9.143-9.143q0.339-0.339 0.804-0.339t0.804 0.339 0.339 0.804v4.571h4q12.732 0 15.625 7.196 0.946 2.393 0.946 5.946z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-youtube" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M17.339 22.214v3.768q0 1.196-0.696 1.196-0.411 0-0.804-0.393v-5.375q0.393-0.393 0.804-0.393 0.696 0 0.696 1.196zM23.375 22.232v0.821h-1.607v-0.821q0-1.214 0.804-1.214t0.804 1.214zM6.125 18.339h1.911v-1.679h-5.571v1.679h1.875v10.161h1.786v-10.161zM11.268 28.5h1.589v-8.821h-1.589v6.75q-0.536 0.75-1.018 0.75-0.321 0-0.375-0.375-0.018-0.054-0.018-0.625v-6.5h-1.589v6.982q0 0.875 0.143 1.304 0.214 0.661 1.036 0.661 0.857 0 1.821-1.089v0.964zM18.929 25.857v-3.518q0-1.304-0.161-1.768-0.304-1-1.268-1-0.893 0-1.661 0.964v-3.875h-1.589v11.839h1.589v-0.857q0.804 0.982 1.661 0.982 0.964 0 1.268-0.982 0.161-0.482 0.161-1.786zM24.964 25.679v-0.232h-1.625q0 0.911-0.036 1.089-0.125 0.643-0.714 0.643-0.821 0-0.821-1.232v-1.554h3.196v-1.839q0-1.411-0.482-2.071-0.696-0.911-1.893-0.911-1.214 0-1.911 0.911-0.5 0.661-0.5 2.071v3.089q0 1.411 0.518 2.071 0.696 0.911 1.929 0.911 1.286 0 1.929-0.946 0.321-0.482 0.375-0.964 0.036-0.161 0.036-1.036zM14.107 9.375v-3.75q0-1.232-0.768-1.232t-0.768 1.232v3.75q0 1.25 0.768 1.25t0.768-1.25zM26.946 22.786q0 4.179-0.464 6.25-0.25 1.054-1.036 1.768t-1.821 0.821q-3.286 0.375-9.911 0.375t-9.911-0.375q-1.036-0.107-1.83-0.821t-1.027-1.768q-0.464-2-0.464-6.25 0-4.179 0.464-6.25 0.25-1.054 1.036-1.768t1.839-0.839q3.268-0.357 9.893-0.357t9.911 0.357q1.036 0.125 1.83 0.839t1.027 1.768q0.464 2 0.464 6.25zM9.125 0h1.821l-2.161 7.125v4.839h-1.786v-4.839q-0.25-1.321-1.089-3.786-0.661-1.839-1.161-3.339h1.893l1.268 4.696zM15.732 5.946v3.125q0 1.446-0.5 2.107-0.661 0.911-1.893 0.911-1.196 0-1.875-0.911-0.5-0.679-0.5-2.107v-3.125q0-1.429 0.5-2.089 0.679-0.911 1.875-0.911 1.232 0 1.893 0.911 0.5 0.661 0.5 2.089zM21.714 3.054v8.911h-1.625v-0.982q-0.946 1.107-1.839 1.107-0.821 0-1.054-0.661-0.143-0.429-0.143-1.339v-7.036h1.625v6.554q0 0.589 0.018 0.625 0.054 0.393 0.375 0.393 0.482 0 1.018-0.768v-6.804h1.625z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-dropbox" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M7.179 12.625l8.821 5.446-6.107 5.089-8.75-5.696zM24.786 22.536v1.929l-8.75 5.232v0.018l-0.018-0.018-0.018 0.018v-0.018l-8.732-5.232v-1.929l2.625 1.714 6.107-5.071v-0.036l0.018 0.018 0.018-0.018v0.036l6.125 5.071zM9.893 2.107l6.107 5.089-8.821 5.429-6.036-4.821zM24.821 12.625l6.036 4.839-8.732 5.696-6.125-5.089zM22.125 2.107l8.732 5.696-6.036 4.821-8.821-5.429z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-instagram" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M18.286 16q0-1.893-1.339-3.232t-3.232-1.339-3.232 1.339-1.339 3.232 1.339 3.232 3.232 1.339 3.232-1.339 1.339-3.232zM20.75 16q0 2.929-2.054 4.982t-4.982 2.054-4.982-2.054-2.054-4.982 2.054-4.982 4.982-2.054 4.982 2.054 2.054 4.982zM22.679 8.679q0 0.679-0.482 1.161t-1.161 0.482-1.161-0.482-0.482-1.161 0.482-1.161 1.161-0.482 1.161 0.482 0.482 1.161zM13.714 4.75q-0.125 0-1.366-0.009t-1.884 0-1.723 0.054-1.839 0.179-1.277 0.33q-0.893 0.357-1.571 1.036t-1.036 1.571q-0.196 0.518-0.33 1.277t-0.179 1.839-0.054 1.723 0 1.884 0.009 1.366-0.009 1.366 0 1.884 0.054 1.723 0.179 1.839 0.33 1.277q0.357 0.893 1.036 1.571t1.571 1.036q0.518 0.196 1.277 0.33t1.839 0.179 1.723 0.054 1.884 0 1.366-0.009 1.366 0.009 1.884 0 1.723-0.054 1.839-0.179 1.277-0.33q0.893-0.357 1.571-1.036t1.036-1.571q0.196-0.518 0.33-1.277t0.179-1.839 0.054-1.723 0-1.884-0.009-1.366 0.009-1.366 0-1.884-0.054-1.723-0.179-1.839-0.33-1.277q-0.357-0.893-1.036-1.571t-1.571-1.036q-0.518-0.196-1.277-0.33t-1.839-0.179-1.723-0.054-1.884 0-1.366 0.009zM27.429 16q0 4.089-0.089 5.661-0.179 3.714-2.214 5.75t-5.75 2.214q-1.571 0.089-5.661 0.089t-5.661-0.089q-3.714-0.179-5.75-2.214t-2.214-5.75q-0.089-1.571-0.089-5.661t0.089-5.661q0.179-3.714 2.214-5.75t5.75-2.214q1.571-0.089 5.661-0.089t5.661 0.089q3.714 0.179 5.75 2.214t2.214 5.75q0.089 1.571 0.089 5.661z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-flickr" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M22.286 2.286q2.125 0 3.634 1.509t1.509 3.634v17.143q0 2.125-1.509 3.634t-3.634 1.509h-17.143q-2.125 0-3.634-1.509t-1.509-3.634v-17.143q0-2.125 1.509-3.634t3.634-1.509h17.143zM12.464 16q0-1.571-1.107-2.679t-2.679-1.107-2.679 1.107-1.107 2.679 1.107 2.679 2.679 1.107 2.679-1.107 1.107-2.679zM22.536 16q0-1.571-1.107-2.679t-2.679-1.107-2.679 1.107-1.107 2.679 1.107 2.679 2.679 1.107 2.679-1.107 1.107-2.679z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-tumblr" viewBox="0 0 19 32"> <path class="path1" d="M16.857 23.732l1.429 4.232q-0.411 0.625-1.982 1.179t-3.161 0.571q-1.857 0.036-3.402-0.464t-2.545-1.321-1.696-1.893-0.991-2.143-0.295-2.107v-9.714h-3v-3.839q1.286-0.464 2.304-1.241t1.625-1.607 1.036-1.821 0.607-1.768 0.268-1.58q0.018-0.089 0.080-0.152t0.134-0.063h4.357v7.571h5.946v4.5h-5.964v9.25q0 0.536 0.116 1t0.402 0.938 0.884 0.741 1.455 0.25q1.393-0.036 2.393-0.518z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-dockerhub" viewBox="0 0 24 28"> <path class="path1" d="M1.597 10.257h2.911v2.83H1.597v-2.83zm3.573 0h2.91v2.83H5.17v-2.83zm0-3.627h2.91v2.829H5.17V6.63zm3.57 3.627h2.912v2.83H8.74v-2.83zm0-3.627h2.912v2.829H8.74V6.63zm3.573 3.627h2.911v2.83h-2.911v-2.83zm0-3.627h2.911v2.829h-2.911V6.63zm3.572 3.627h2.911v2.83h-2.911v-2.83zM12.313 3h2.911v2.83h-2.911V3zm-6.65 14.173c-.449 0-.812.354-.812.788 0 .435.364.788.812.788.447 0 .811-.353.811-.788 0-.434-.363-.788-.811-.788"></path> <path class="path2" d="M28.172 11.721c-.978-.549-2.278-.624-3.388-.306-.136-1.146-.91-2.149-1.83-2.869l-.366-.286-.307.345c-.618.692-.8 1.845-.718 2.73.063.651.273 1.312.685 1.834-.313.183-.668.328-.985.434-.646.212-1.347.33-2.028.33H.083l-.042.429c-.137 1.432.065 2.866.674 4.173l.262.519.03.048c1.8 2.973 4.963 4.225 8.41 4.225 6.672 0 12.174-2.896 14.702-9.015 1.689.085 3.417-.4 4.243-1.968l.211-.4-.401-.223zM5.664 19.458c-.85 0-1.542-.671-1.542-1.497 0-.825.691-1.498 1.541-1.498.849 0 1.54.672 1.54 1.497s-.69 1.498-1.539 1.498z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-dribbble" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M18.286 26.786q-0.75-4.304-2.5-8.893h-0.036l-0.036 0.018q-0.286 0.107-0.768 0.295t-1.804 0.875-2.446 1.464-2.339 2.045-1.839 2.643l-0.268-0.196q3.286 2.679 7.464 2.679 2.357 0 4.571-0.929zM14.982 15.946q-0.375-0.875-0.946-1.982-5.554 1.661-12.018 1.661-0.018 0.125-0.018 0.375 0 2.214 0.786 4.223t2.214 3.598q0.893-1.589 2.205-2.973t2.545-2.223 2.33-1.446 1.777-0.857l0.661-0.232q0.071-0.018 0.232-0.063t0.232-0.080zM13.071 12.161q-2.143-3.804-4.357-6.75-2.464 1.161-4.179 3.321t-2.286 4.857q5.393 0 10.821-1.429zM25.286 17.857q-3.75-1.071-7.304-0.518 1.554 4.268 2.286 8.375 1.982-1.339 3.304-3.384t1.714-4.473zM10.911 4.625q-0.018 0-0.036 0.018 0.018-0.018 0.036-0.018zM21.446 7.214q-3.304-2.929-7.732-2.929-1.357 0-2.768 0.339 2.339 3.036 4.393 6.821 1.232-0.464 2.321-1.080t1.723-1.098 1.17-1.018 0.67-0.723zM25.429 15.875q-0.054-4.143-2.661-7.321l-0.018 0.018q-0.161 0.214-0.339 0.438t-0.777 0.795-1.268 1.080-1.786 1.161-2.348 1.152q0.446 0.946 0.786 1.696 0.036 0.107 0.116 0.313t0.134 0.295q0.643-0.089 1.33-0.125t1.313-0.036 1.232 0.027 1.143 0.071 1.009 0.098 0.857 0.116 0.652 0.107 0.446 0.080zM27.429 16q0 3.732-1.839 6.884t-4.991 4.991-6.884 1.839-6.884-1.839-4.991-4.991-1.839-6.884 1.839-6.884 4.991-4.991 6.884-1.839 6.884 1.839 4.991 4.991 1.839 6.884z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-skype" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M20.946 18.982q0-0.893-0.348-1.634t-0.866-1.223-1.304-0.875-1.473-0.607-1.563-0.411l-1.857-0.429q-0.536-0.125-0.786-0.188t-0.625-0.205-0.536-0.286-0.295-0.375-0.134-0.536q0-1.375 2.571-1.375 0.768 0 1.375 0.214t0.964 0.509 0.679 0.598 0.714 0.518 0.857 0.214q0.839 0 1.348-0.571t0.509-1.375q0-0.982-1-1.777t-2.536-1.205-3.25-0.411q-1.214 0-2.357 0.277t-2.134 0.839-1.589 1.554-0.598 2.295q0 1.089 0.339 1.902t1 1.348 1.429 0.866 1.839 0.58l2.607 0.643q1.607 0.393 2 0.643 0.571 0.357 0.571 1.071 0 0.696-0.714 1.152t-1.875 0.455q-0.911 0-1.634-0.286t-1.161-0.688-0.813-0.804-0.821-0.688-0.964-0.286q-0.893 0-1.348 0.536t-0.455 1.339q0 1.643 2.179 2.813t5.196 1.17q1.304 0 2.5-0.33t2.188-0.955 1.58-1.67 0.589-2.348zM27.429 22.857q0 2.839-2.009 4.848t-4.848 2.009q-2.321 0-4.179-1.429-1.375 0.286-2.679 0.286-2.554 0-4.884-0.991t-4.018-2.679-2.679-4.018-0.991-4.884q0-1.304 0.286-2.679-1.429-1.857-1.429-4.179 0-2.839 2.009-4.848t4.848-2.009q2.321 0 4.179 1.429 1.375-0.286 2.679-0.286 2.554 0 4.884 0.991t4.018 2.679 2.679 4.018 0.991 4.884q0 1.304-0.286 2.679 1.429 1.857 1.429 4.179z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-foursquare" viewBox="0 0 23 32"> <path class="path1" d="M17.857 7.75l0.661-3.464q0.089-0.411-0.161-0.714t-0.625-0.304h-12.714q-0.411 0-0.688 0.304t-0.277 0.661v19.661q0 0.125 0.107 0.018l5.196-6.286q0.411-0.464 0.679-0.598t0.857-0.134h4.268q0.393 0 0.661-0.259t0.321-0.527q0.429-2.321 0.661-3.411 0.071-0.375-0.205-0.714t-0.652-0.339h-5.25q-0.518 0-0.857-0.339t-0.339-0.857v-0.75q0-0.518 0.339-0.848t0.857-0.33h6.179q0.321 0 0.625-0.241t0.357-0.527zM21.911 3.786q-0.268 1.304-0.955 4.759t-1.241 6.25-0.625 3.098q-0.107 0.393-0.161 0.58t-0.25 0.58-0.438 0.589-0.688 0.375-1.036 0.179h-4.839q-0.232 0-0.393 0.179-0.143 0.161-7.607 8.821-0.393 0.446-1.045 0.509t-0.866-0.098q-0.982-0.393-0.982-1.75v-25.179q0-0.982 0.679-1.83t2.143-0.848h15.857q1.696 0 2.268 0.946t0.179 2.839zM21.911 3.786l-2.821 14.107q0.071-0.304 0.625-3.098t1.241-6.25 0.955-4.759z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-wordpress" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M2.268 16q0-2.911 1.196-5.589l6.554 17.946q-3.5-1.696-5.625-5.018t-2.125-7.339zM25.268 15.304q0 0.339-0.045 0.688t-0.179 0.884-0.205 0.786-0.313 1.054-0.313 1.036l-1.357 4.571-4.964-14.75q0.821-0.054 1.571-0.143 0.339-0.036 0.464-0.33t-0.045-0.554-0.509-0.241l-3.661 0.179q-1.339-0.018-3.607-0.179-0.214-0.018-0.366 0.089t-0.205 0.268-0.027 0.33 0.161 0.295 0.348 0.143l1.429 0.143 2.143 5.857-3 9-5-14.857q0.821-0.054 1.571-0.143 0.339-0.036 0.464-0.33t-0.045-0.554-0.509-0.241l-3.661 0.179q-0.125 0-0.411-0.009t-0.464-0.009q1.875-2.857 4.902-4.527t6.563-1.67q2.625 0 5.009 0.946t4.259 2.661h-0.179q-0.982 0-1.643 0.723t-0.661 1.705q0 0.214 0.036 0.429t0.071 0.384 0.143 0.411 0.161 0.375 0.214 0.402 0.223 0.375 0.259 0.429 0.25 0.411q1.125 1.911 1.125 3.786zM16.232 17.196l4.232 11.554q0.018 0.107 0.089 0.196-2.25 0.786-4.554 0.786-2 0-3.875-0.571zM28.036 9.411q1.696 3.107 1.696 6.589 0 3.732-1.857 6.884t-4.982 4.973l4.196-12.107q1.054-3.018 1.054-4.929 0-0.75-0.107-1.411zM16 0q3.25 0 6.214 1.268t5.107 3.411 3.411 5.107 1.268 6.214-1.268 6.214-3.411 5.107-5.107 3.411-6.214 1.268-6.214-1.268-5.107-3.411-3.411-5.107-1.268-6.214 1.268-6.214 3.411-5.107 5.107-3.411 6.214-1.268zM16 31.268q3.089 0 5.92-1.214t4.875-3.259 3.259-4.875 1.214-5.92-1.214-5.92-3.259-4.875-4.875-3.259-5.92-1.214-5.92 1.214-4.875 3.259-3.259 4.875-1.214 5.92 1.214 5.92 3.259 4.875 4.875 3.259 5.92 1.214z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-stumbleupon" viewBox="0 0 34 32"> <path class="path1" d="M18.964 12.714v-2.107q0-0.75-0.536-1.286t-1.286-0.536-1.286 0.536-0.536 1.286v10.929q0 3.125-2.25 5.339t-5.411 2.214q-3.179 0-5.42-2.241t-2.241-5.42v-4.75h5.857v4.679q0 0.768 0.536 1.295t1.286 0.527 1.286-0.527 0.536-1.295v-11.071q0-3.054 2.259-5.214t5.384-2.161q3.143 0 5.393 2.179t2.25 5.25v2.429l-3.482 1.036zM28.429 16.679h5.857v4.75q0 3.179-2.241 5.42t-5.42 2.241q-3.161 0-5.411-2.223t-2.25-5.366v-4.786l2.339 1.089 3.482-1.036v4.821q0 0.75 0.536 1.277t1.286 0.527 1.286-0.527 0.536-1.277v-4.911z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-digg" viewBox="0 0 37 32"> <path class="path1" d="M5.857 5.036h3.643v17.554h-9.5v-12.446h5.857v-5.107zM5.857 19.661v-6.589h-2.196v6.589h2.196zM10.964 10.143v12.446h3.661v-12.446h-3.661zM10.964 5.036v3.643h3.661v-3.643h-3.661zM16.089 10.143h9.518v16.821h-9.518v-2.911h5.857v-1.464h-5.857v-12.446zM21.946 19.661v-6.589h-2.196v6.589h2.196zM27.071 10.143h9.5v16.821h-9.5v-2.911h5.839v-1.464h-5.839v-12.446zM32.911 19.661v-6.589h-2.196v6.589h2.196z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-spotify" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M20.125 21.607q0-0.571-0.536-0.911-3.446-2.054-7.982-2.054-2.375 0-5.125 0.607-0.75 0.161-0.75 0.929 0 0.357 0.241 0.616t0.634 0.259q0.089 0 0.661-0.143 2.357-0.482 4.339-0.482 4.036 0 7.089 1.839 0.339 0.196 0.589 0.196 0.339 0 0.589-0.241t0.25-0.616zM21.839 17.768q0-0.714-0.625-1.089-4.232-2.518-9.786-2.518-2.732 0-5.411 0.75-0.857 0.232-0.857 1.143 0 0.446 0.313 0.759t0.759 0.313q0.125 0 0.661-0.143 2.179-0.589 4.482-0.589 4.982 0 8.714 2.214 0.429 0.232 0.679 0.232 0.446 0 0.759-0.313t0.313-0.759zM23.768 13.339q0-0.839-0.714-1.25-2.25-1.304-5.232-1.973t-6.125-0.67q-3.643 0-6.5 0.839-0.411 0.125-0.688 0.455t-0.277 0.866q0 0.554 0.366 0.929t0.92 0.375q0.196 0 0.714-0.143 2.375-0.661 5.482-0.661 2.839 0 5.527 0.607t4.527 1.696q0.375 0.214 0.714 0.214 0.518 0 0.902-0.366t0.384-0.92zM27.429 16q0 3.732-1.839 6.884t-4.991 4.991-6.884 1.839-6.884-1.839-4.991-4.991-1.839-6.884 1.839-6.884 4.991-4.991 6.884-1.839 6.884 1.839 4.991 4.991 1.839 6.884z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-soundcloud" viewBox="0 0 41 32"> <path class="path1" d="M14 24.5l0.286-4.304-0.286-9.339q-0.018-0.179-0.134-0.304t-0.295-0.125q-0.161 0-0.286 0.125t-0.125 0.304l-0.25 9.339 0.25 4.304q0.018 0.179 0.134 0.295t0.277 0.116q0.393 0 0.429-0.411zM19.286 23.982l0.196-3.768-0.214-10.464q0-0.286-0.232-0.429-0.143-0.089-0.286-0.089t-0.286 0.089q-0.232 0.143-0.232 0.429l-0.018 0.107-0.179 10.339q0 0.018 0.196 4.214v0.018q0 0.179 0.107 0.304 0.161 0.196 0.411 0.196 0.196 0 0.357-0.161 0.161-0.125 0.161-0.357zM0.625 17.911l0.357 2.286-0.357 2.25q-0.036 0.161-0.161 0.161t-0.161-0.161l-0.304-2.25 0.304-2.286q0.036-0.161 0.161-0.161t0.161 0.161zM2.161 16.5l0.464 3.696-0.464 3.625q-0.036 0.161-0.179 0.161-0.161 0-0.161-0.179l-0.411-3.607 0.411-3.696q0-0.161 0.161-0.161 0.143 0 0.179 0.161zM3.804 15.821l0.446 4.375-0.446 4.232q0 0.196-0.196 0.196-0.179 0-0.214-0.196l-0.375-4.232 0.375-4.375q0.036-0.214 0.214-0.214 0.196 0 0.196 0.214zM5.482 15.696l0.411 4.5-0.411 4.357q-0.036 0.232-0.25 0.232-0.232 0-0.232-0.232l-0.375-4.357 0.375-4.5q0-0.232 0.232-0.232 0.214 0 0.25 0.232zM7.161 16.018l0.375 4.179-0.375 4.393q-0.036 0.286-0.286 0.286-0.107 0-0.188-0.080t-0.080-0.205l-0.357-4.393 0.357-4.179q0-0.107 0.080-0.188t0.188-0.080q0.25 0 0.286 0.268zM8.839 13.411l0.375 6.786-0.375 4.393q0 0.125-0.089 0.223t-0.214 0.098q-0.286 0-0.321-0.321l-0.321-4.393 0.321-6.786q0.036-0.321 0.321-0.321 0.125 0 0.214 0.098t0.089 0.223zM10.518 11.875l0.339 8.357-0.339 4.357q0 0.143-0.098 0.241t-0.241 0.098q-0.321 0-0.357-0.339l-0.286-4.357 0.286-8.357q0.036-0.339 0.357-0.339 0.143 0 0.241 0.098t0.098 0.241zM12.268 11.161l0.321 9.036-0.321 4.321q-0.036 0.375-0.393 0.375-0.339 0-0.375-0.375l-0.286-4.321 0.286-9.036q0-0.161 0.116-0.277t0.259-0.116q0.161 0 0.268 0.116t0.125 0.277zM19.268 24.411v0 0zM15.732 11.089l0.268 9.107-0.268 4.268q0 0.179-0.134 0.313t-0.313 0.134-0.304-0.125-0.143-0.321l-0.25-4.268 0.25-9.107q0-0.196 0.134-0.321t0.313-0.125 0.313 0.125 0.134 0.321zM17.5 11.429l0.25 8.786-0.25 4.214q0 0.196-0.143 0.339t-0.339 0.143-0.339-0.143-0.161-0.339l-0.214-4.214 0.214-8.786q0.018-0.214 0.161-0.357t0.339-0.143 0.33 0.143 0.152 0.357zM21.286 20.214l-0.25 4.125q0 0.232-0.161 0.393t-0.393 0.161-0.393-0.161-0.179-0.393l-0.107-2.036-0.107-2.089 0.214-11.357v-0.054q0.036-0.268 0.214-0.429 0.161-0.125 0.357-0.125 0.143 0 0.268 0.089 0.25 0.143 0.286 0.464zM41.143 19.875q0 2.089-1.482 3.563t-3.571 1.473h-14.036q-0.232-0.036-0.393-0.196t-0.161-0.393v-16.054q0-0.411 0.5-0.589 1.518-0.607 3.232-0.607 3.482 0 6.036 2.348t2.857 5.777q0.946-0.393 1.964-0.393 2.089 0 3.571 1.482t1.482 3.589z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-codepen" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M3.857 20.875l10.768 7.179v-6.411l-5.964-3.982zM2.75 18.304l3.446-2.304-3.446-2.304v4.607zM17.375 28.054l10.768-7.179-4.804-3.214-5.964 3.982v6.411zM16 19.25l4.857-3.25-4.857-3.25-4.857 3.25zM8.661 14.339l5.964-3.982v-6.411l-10.768 7.179zM25.804 16l3.446 2.304v-4.607zM23.339 14.339l4.804-3.214-10.768-7.179v6.411zM32 11.125v9.75q0 0.732-0.607 1.143l-14.625 9.75q-0.375 0.232-0.768 0.232t-0.768-0.232l-14.625-9.75q-0.607-0.411-0.607-1.143v-9.75q0-0.732 0.607-1.143l14.625-9.75q0.375-0.232 0.768-0.232t0.768 0.232l14.625 9.75q0.607 0.411 0.607 1.143z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-twitch" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M16 7.75v7.75h-2.589v-7.75h2.589zM23.107 7.75v7.75h-2.589v-7.75h2.589zM23.107 21.321l4.518-4.536v-14.196h-21.321v18.732h5.821v3.875l3.875-3.875h7.107zM30.214 0v18.089l-7.75 7.75h-5.821l-3.875 3.875h-3.875v-3.875h-7.107v-20.679l1.946-5.161h26.482z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-meanpath" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> <path class="path1" d="M23.411 15.036v2.036q0 0.429-0.241 0.679t-0.67 0.25h-3.607q-0.429 0-0.679-0.25t-0.25-0.679v-2.036q0-0.429 0.25-0.679t0.679-0.25h3.607q0.429 0 0.67 0.25t0.241 0.679zM14.661 19.143v-4.464q0-0.946-0.58-1.527t-1.527-0.58h-2.375q-1.214 0-1.714 0.929-0.5-0.929-1.714-0.929h-2.321q-0.946 0-1.527 0.58t-0.58 1.527v4.464q0 0.393 0.375 0.393h0.982q0.393 0 0.393-0.393v-4.107q0-0.429 0.241-0.679t0.688-0.25h1.679q0.429 0 0.679 0.25t0.25 0.679v4.107q0 0.393 0.375 0.393h0.964q0.393 0 0.393-0.393v-4.107q0-0.429 0.25-0.679t0.679-0.25h1.732q0.429 0 0.67 0.25t0.241 0.679v4.107q0 0.393 0.393 0.393h0.982q0.375 0 0.375-0.393zM25.179 17.429v-2.75q0-0.946-0.589-1.527t-1.536-0.58h-4.714q-0.946 0-1.536 0.58t-0.589 1.527v7.321q0 0.375 0.393 0.375h0.982q0.375 0 0.375-0.375v-3.214q0.554 0.75 1.679 0.75h3.411q0.946 0 1.536-0.58t0.589-1.527zM27.429 6.429v19.143q0 1.714-1.214 2.929t-2.929 1.214h-19.143q-1.714 0-2.929-1.214t-1.214-2.929v-19.143q0-1.714 1.214-2.929t2.929-1.214h19.143q1.714 0 2.929 1.214t1.214 2.929z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-pinterest-p" viewBox="0 0 23 32"> <path class="path1" d="M0 10.661q0-1.929 0.67-3.634t1.848-2.973 2.714-2.196 3.304-1.393 3.607-0.464q2.821 0 5.25 1.188t3.946 3.455 1.518 5.125q0 1.714-0.339 3.357t-1.071 3.161-1.786 2.67-2.589 1.839-3.375 0.688q-1.214 0-2.411-0.571t-1.714-1.571q-0.179 0.696-0.5 2.009t-0.42 1.696-0.366 1.268-0.464 1.268-0.571 1.116-0.821 1.384-1.107 1.545l-0.25 0.089-0.161-0.179q-0.268-2.804-0.268-3.357 0-1.643 0.384-3.688t1.188-5.134 0.929-3.625q-0.571-1.161-0.571-3.018 0-1.482 0.929-2.786t2.357-1.304q1.089 0 1.696 0.723t0.607 1.83q0 1.179-0.786 3.411t-0.786 3.339q0 1.125 0.804 1.866t1.946 0.741q0.982 0 1.821-0.446t1.402-1.214 1-1.696 0.679-1.973 0.357-1.982 0.116-1.777q0-3.089-1.955-4.813t-5.098-1.723q-3.571 0-5.964 2.313t-2.393 5.866q0 0.786 0.223 1.518t0.482 1.161 0.482 0.813 0.223 0.545q0 0.5-0.268 1.304t-0.661 0.804q-0.036 0-0.304-0.054-0.911-0.268-1.616-1t-1.089-1.688-0.58-1.929-0.196-1.902z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-periscope" viewBox="0 0 24 28"> <path class="path1" d="M12.285,1C6.696,1,2.277,5.643,2.277,11.243c0,5.851,7.77,14.578,10.007,14.578c1.959,0,9.729-8.728,9.729-14.578 C22.015,5.643,17.596,1,12.285,1z M12.317,16.551c-3.473,0-6.152-2.611-6.152-5.664c0-1.292,0.39-2.472,1.065-3.438 c0.206,1.084,1.18,1.906,2.352,1.906c1.322,0,2.393-1.043,2.393-2.333c0-0.832-0.447-1.561-1.119-1.975 c0.467-0.105,0.955-0.161,1.46-0.161c3.133,0,5.81,2.611,5.81,5.998C18.126,13.94,15.449,16.551,12.317,16.551z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-get-pocket" viewBox="0 0 31 32"> <path class="path1" d="M27.946 2.286q1.161 0 1.964 0.813t0.804 1.973v9.268q0 3.143-1.214 6t-3.259 4.911-4.893 3.259-5.973 1.205q-3.143 0-5.991-1.205t-4.902-3.259-3.268-4.911-1.214-6v-9.268q0-1.143 0.821-1.964t1.964-0.821h25.161zM15.375 21.286q0.839 0 1.464-0.589l7.214-6.929q0.661-0.625 0.661-1.518 0-0.875-0.616-1.491t-1.491-0.616q-0.839 0-1.464 0.589l-5.768 5.536-5.768-5.536q-0.625-0.589-1.446-0.589-0.875 0-1.491 0.616t-0.616 1.491q0 0.911 0.643 1.518l7.232 6.929q0.589 0.589 1.446 0.589z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-vimeo" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M30.518 9.25q-0.179 4.214-5.929 11.625-5.946 7.696-10.036 7.696-2.536 0-4.286-4.696-0.786-2.857-2.357-8.607-1.286-4.679-2.804-4.679-0.321 0-2.268 1.357l-1.375-1.75q0.429-0.375 1.929-1.723t2.321-2.063q2.786-2.464 4.304-2.607 1.696-0.161 2.732 0.991t1.446 3.634q0.786 5.125 1.179 6.661 0.982 4.446 2.143 4.446 0.911 0 2.75-2.875 1.804-2.875 1.946-4.393 0.232-2.482-1.946-2.482-1.018 0-2.161 0.464 2.143-7.018 8.196-6.821 4.482 0.143 4.214 5.821z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-reddit-alien" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M32 15.107q0 1.036-0.527 1.884t-1.42 1.295q0.214 0.821 0.214 1.714 0 2.768-1.902 5.125t-5.188 3.723-7.143 1.366-7.134-1.366-5.179-3.723-1.902-5.125q0-0.839 0.196-1.679-0.911-0.446-1.464-1.313t-0.554-1.902q0-1.464 1.036-2.509t2.518-1.045q1.518 0 2.589 1.125 3.893-2.714 9.196-2.893l2.071-9.304q0.054-0.232 0.268-0.375t0.464-0.089l6.589 1.446q0.321-0.661 0.964-1.063t1.411-0.402q1.107 0 1.893 0.777t0.786 1.884-0.786 1.893-1.893 0.786-1.884-0.777-0.777-1.884l-5.964-1.321-1.857 8.429q5.357 0.161 9.268 2.857 1.036-1.089 2.554-1.089 1.482 0 2.518 1.045t1.036 2.509zM7.464 18.661q0 1.107 0.777 1.893t1.884 0.786 1.893-0.786 0.786-1.893-0.786-1.884-1.893-0.777q-1.089 0-1.875 0.786t-0.786 1.875zM21.929 25q0.196-0.196 0.196-0.464t-0.196-0.464q-0.179-0.179-0.446-0.179t-0.464 0.179q-0.732 0.75-2.161 1.107t-2.857 0.357-2.857-0.357-2.161-1.107q-0.196-0.179-0.464-0.179t-0.446 0.179q-0.196 0.179-0.196 0.455t0.196 0.473q0.768 0.768 2.116 1.214t2.188 0.527 1.625 0.080 1.625-0.080 2.188-0.527 2.116-1.214zM21.875 21.339q1.107 0 1.884-0.786t0.777-1.893q0-1.089-0.786-1.875t-1.875-0.786q-1.107 0-1.893 0.777t-0.786 1.884 0.786 1.893 1.893 0.786z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-whatsapp" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path d="M15.968 2.003a14.03 13.978 0 0 0-14.03 13.978 14.03 13.978 0 0 0 2.132 7.391L1.938 29.96l6.745-2.052a14.03 13.978 0 0 0 7.285 2.052 14.03 13.978 0 0 0 14.03-13.978 14.03 13.978 0 0 0-14.03-13.978z" stroke-width=".2000562"/> <path d="M10.454 8.236a2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-1.475 3.184v.015c.01 2.04 4.045 10.076 10.017 12.688l.017-.013a2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 3.454-.706 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 1.064-4.129 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-4.262.103 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-.505.473c-1.346-.639-2.952-1.463-4.168-2.98-.771-.962-1.257-2.732-1.549-4.206a2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 .605-.403 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 1.064-4.129 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-4.262.103z" stroke-width=".372"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-telegram" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path d="M30.8,2.2L0.6,13.9c-0.8,0.3-0.7,1.3,0,1.6l7.4,2.8l2.9,9.2c0.2,0.6,0.9,0.8,1.4,0.4l4.1-3.4 c0.4-0.4,1-0.4,1.5,0l7.4,5.4c0.5,0.4,1.2,0.1,1.4-0.5L32,3.2C32.1,2.5,31.4,1.9,30.8,2.2z M25,8.3l-11.9,11 c-0.4,0.4-0.7,0.9-0.8,1.5l-0.4,3c-0.1,0.4-0.6,0.4-0.7,0.1l-1.6-5.5c-0.2-0.6,0.1-1.3,0.6-1.6l14.4-8.9C25,7.7,25.3,8.1,25,8.3z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-hashtag" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path class="path1" d="M17.696 18.286l1.143-4.571h-4.536l-1.143 4.571h4.536zM31.411 9.286l-1 4q-0.125 0.429-0.554 0.429h-5.839l-1.143 4.571h5.554q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.179 0.25 0.107 0.5l-1 4q-0.089 0.429-0.554 0.429h-5.839l-1.446 5.857q-0.125 0.429-0.554 0.429h-4q-0.286 0-0.464-0.214-0.161-0.214-0.107-0.5l1.393-5.571h-4.536l-1.446 5.857q-0.125 0.429-0.554 0.429h-4.018q-0.268 0-0.446-0.214-0.161-0.214-0.107-0.5l1.393-5.571h-5.554q-0.268 0-0.446-0.214-0.161-0.214-0.107-0.5l1-4q0.125-0.429 0.554-0.429h5.839l1.143-4.571h-5.554q-0.268 0-0.446-0.214-0.179-0.25-0.107-0.5l1-4q0.089-0.429 0.554-0.429h5.839l1.446-5.857q0.125-0.429 0.571-0.429h4q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.161 0.214 0.107 0.5l-1.393 5.571h4.536l1.446-5.857q0.125-0.429 0.571-0.429h4q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.161 0.214 0.107 0.5l-1.393 5.571h5.554q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.161 0.214 0.107 0.5z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-chain" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> <path class="path1" d="M26 21.714q0-0.714-0.5-1.214l-3.714-3.714q-0.5-0.5-1.214-0.5-0.75 0-1.286 0.571 0.054 0.054 0.339 0.33t0.384 0.384 0.268 0.339 0.232 0.455 0.063 0.491q0 0.714-0.5 1.214t-1.214 0.5q-0.268 0-0.491-0.063t-0.455-0.232-0.339-0.268-0.384-0.384-0.33-0.339q-0.589 0.554-0.589 1.304 0 0.714 0.5 1.214l3.679 3.696q0.482 0.482 1.214 0.482 0.714 0 1.214-0.464l2.625-2.607q0.5-0.5 0.5-1.196zM13.446 9.125q0-0.714-0.5-1.214l-3.679-3.696q-0.5-0.5-1.214-0.5-0.696 0-1.214 0.482l-2.625 2.607q-0.5 0.5-0.5 1.196 0 0.714 0.5 1.214l3.714 3.714q0.482 0.482 1.214 0.482 0.75 0 1.286-0.554-0.054-0.054-0.339-0.33t-0.384-0.384-0.268-0.339-0.232-0.455-0.063-0.491q0-0.714 0.5-1.214t1.214-0.5q0.268 0 0.491 0.063t0.455 0.232 0.339 0.268 0.384 0.384 0.33 0.339q0.589-0.554 0.589-1.304zM29.429 21.714q0 2.143-1.518 3.625l-2.625 2.607q-1.482 1.482-3.625 1.482-2.161 0-3.643-1.518l-3.679-3.696q-1.482-1.482-1.482-3.625 0-2.196 1.571-3.732l-1.571-1.571q-1.536 1.571-3.714 1.571-2.143 0-3.643-1.5l-3.714-3.714q-1.5-1.5-1.5-3.643t1.518-3.625l2.625-2.607q1.482-1.482 3.625-1.482 2.161 0 3.643 1.518l3.679 3.696q1.482 1.482 1.482 3.625 0 2.196-1.571 3.732l1.571 1.571q1.536-1.571 3.714-1.571 2.143 0 3.643 1.5l3.714 3.714q1.5 1.5 1.5 3.643z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-thumb-tack" viewBox="0 0 21 32"> <path class="path1" d="M8.571 15.429v-8q0-0.25-0.161-0.411t-0.411-0.161-0.411 0.161-0.161 0.411v8q0 0.25 0.161 0.411t0.411 0.161 0.411-0.161 0.161-0.411zM20.571 21.714q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-7.661l-0.911 8.625q-0.036 0.214-0.188 0.366t-0.366 0.152h-0.018q-0.482 0-0.571-0.482l-1.357-8.661h-7.214q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804q0-2.196 1.402-3.955t3.17-1.759v-9.143q-0.929 0-1.607-0.679t-0.679-1.607 0.679-1.607 1.607-0.679h11.429q0.929 0 1.607 0.679t0.679 1.607-0.679 1.607-1.607 0.679v9.143q1.768 0 3.17 1.759t1.402 3.955z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 43 32"> <path class="path1" d="M42.311 14.044c-0.178-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711-0.356h-33.778l10.311-10.489c0.178-0.178 0.356-0.533 0.356-0.711 0-0.356-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711l-1.6-1.422c-0.356-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.889-0.356s-0.533 0.178-0.711 0.356l-14.578 14.933c-0.178 0.178-0.356 0.533-0.356 0.711s0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711l14.756 14.933c0 0.178 0.356 0.356 0.533 0.356s0.533-0.178 0.711-0.356l1.6-1.6c0.178-0.178 0.356-0.533 0.356-0.711s-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711l-10.311-10.489h33.778c0.178 0 0.533-0.178 0.711-0.356 0.356-0.178 0.533-0.356 0.533-0.711v-2.133c0-0.356-0.178-0.711-0.356-0.889z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 43 32"> <path class="path1" d="M0.356 17.956c0.178 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711 0.356h33.778l-10.311 10.489c-0.178 0.178-0.356 0.533-0.356 0.711 0 0.356 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711l1.6 1.6c0.178 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711 0.356s0.533-0.178 0.711-0.356l14.756-14.933c0.178-0.356 0.356-0.711 0.356-0.889s-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711l-14.756-14.933c0-0.178-0.356-0.356-0.533-0.356s-0.533 0.178-0.711 0.356l-1.6 1.6c-0.178 0.178-0.356 0.533-0.356 0.711s0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711l10.311 10.489h-33.778c-0.178 0-0.533 0.178-0.711 0.356-0.356 0.178-0.533 0.356-0.533 0.711v2.311c0 0.178 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-play" viewBox="0 0 22 28"> <path d="M21.625 14.484l-20.75 11.531c-0.484 0.266-0.875 0.031-0.875-0.516v-23c0-0.547 0.391-0.781 0.875-0.516l20.75 11.531c0.484 0.266 0.484 0.703 0 0.969z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-pause" viewBox="0 0 24 28"> <path d="M24 3v22c0 0.547-0.453 1-1 1h-8c-0.547 0-1-0.453-1-1v-22c0-0.547 0.453-1 1-1h8c0.547 0 1 0.453 1 1zM10 3v22c0 0.547-0.453 1-1 1h-8c-0.547 0-1-0.453-1-1v-22c0-0.547 0.453-1 1-1h8c0.547 0 1 0.453 1 1z"></path> </symbol> </defs> </svg> <script type='disabled' id='wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:wp-i18n:after:1'> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script> (function() { 'use strict'; const fetches = {}; const promises = {}; const urls = { 'wp-hooks': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.6.4/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1731954715i&ver=84e753e2b66eb7028d38', 'wp-i18n': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.6.4/build/i18n/index.min.js?m=1731954715i&ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151', 'verbum': 'https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.js?m=1731953849i&minify=false&ver=97043884103359931e09' }; const loaders = { 'verbum': () => { fetchExternalScript('wp-hooks'); fetchExternalScript('wp-i18n'); fetchExternalScript('verbum'); promises['wp-hooks'] = promises['wp-hooks'] || loadWPScript('wp-hooks'); promises['wp-i18n'] = promises['wp-i18n'] || promises['wp-hooks'].then( () => loadWPScript('wp-i18n') ); promises['verbum'] = promises['verbum'] || promises['wp-i18n'].then( () => loadWPScript('verbum') ); return promises['verbum']; }, }; const scriptExtras = { 'wp-i18n': { translations: 0, before: 0, after: 1 }, }; window.WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script = { loadScript: (handle) => { if (!loaders[handle]) { console.error('WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script: unregistered script `' + handle + '`.'); } return loaders[handle](); } }; function fetchExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } fetches[handle] = fetches[handle] || fetch(urls[handle], { mode: 'no-cors' }); return fetches[handle]; } function runExtraScript(handle, type, index) { const id = 'wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:' + handle + ':' + type + ':' + (index + 1); const template = document.getElementById(id); if (!template) { return Promise.reject(); } const script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.innerHTML = template.innerHTML; document.body.appendChild( script ); return Promise.resolve(); } function loadExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } return fetches[handle].then(() => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.onload = () => resolve(); script.onerror = (e) => reject(e); script.src = urls[handle]; document.body.appendChild(script); }); }); } function loadExtra(handle, pos) { const count = (scriptExtras[handle] && scriptExtras[handle][pos]) || 0; let promise = Promise.resolve(); for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { promise = promise.then(() => runExtraScript(handle, pos, i)); } return promise; } function loadWPScript(handle) { // Core loads scripts in this order. See: https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/a59eb9d39c4fcba834b70c9e8dfd64feeec10ba6/wp-includes/class-wp-scripts.php#L428. return loadExtra(handle, 'translations') .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'before')) .then(() => loadExternalScript(handle)) .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'after')); } } )(); </script> </body> </html>