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aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Description subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Longevity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longevity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Longevity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longevity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Size </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Colour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head_and_neck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_and_neck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Head and neck </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head_and_neck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Fins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Senses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Behaviour </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Behaviour subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_structure_and_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_structure_and_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Social structure and play </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_structure_and_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming_and_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming_and_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Swimming and diving </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming_and_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Diet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Reproduction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication_and_echolocation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication_and_echolocation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Communication and echolocation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication_and_echolocation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Distribution </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Distribution subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Migration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Habitat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Threats </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Threats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Threats subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hunting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Hunting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Past </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beluga_catches_by_location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beluga_catches_by_location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Beluga catches by location </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beluga_catches_by_location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Predation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contamination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contamination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Contamination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contamination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pathogens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pathogens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Pathogens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pathogens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Relationship with humans </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Relationship with humans subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Captivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Captivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Captivity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Captivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whale_watching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whale_watching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Whale watching </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whale_watching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Human speech </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Conservation status </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conservation_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Conservation status subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Conservation_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Legal protection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_research_in_managed_care_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_research_in_managed_care_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Conservation research in managed care facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation_research_in_managed_care_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Cultural references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Beluga whale</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witdolfyn" title="Witdolfyn – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Witdolfyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="حوت أبيض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حوت أبيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" title="Delphinapterus leucas – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Delphinapterus leucas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F_balina" title="Ağ balina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağ balina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-sek_H%C3%A1i-ang" title="Pe̍h-sek Hái-ang – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h-sek Hái-ang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Бялуха – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бялуха" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Белуга – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Белуга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ་སྲིན་དཀར་པོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ་སྲིན་དཀར་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belouga" title="Belouga – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Belouga" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" title="Delphinapterus leucas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Delphinapterus leucas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9Bluha_severn%C3%AD" title="Běluha severní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Běluha severní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfil_Gwyn" title="Morfil Gwyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Morfil Gwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidhval" title="Hvidhval – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvidhval" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilgesguolli" title="Vilgesguolli – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vilgesguolli" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fwal" title="Weißwal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weißwal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9%C3%A9h_h%C3%B3y%C3%A1aniitsoh_%C5%82igaa%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Tééh hóyáaniitsoh łigaaígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tééh hóyáaniitsoh łigaaígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgevaal" title="Valgevaal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valgevaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μπελούγκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπελούγκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" title="Delphinapterus leucas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Delphinapterus leucas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belu%C4%A5o" title="Beluĥo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Beluĥo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="نهنگ سفید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نهنگ سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9luga_(c%C3%A9tac%C3%A9)" title="Béluga (cétacé) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Béluga (cétacé)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADol_m%C3%B3r_b%C3%A1n" title="Míol mór bán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Míol mór bán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%B0%EA%B3%A0%EB%9E%98" title="흰고래 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흰고래" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_beluga" title="Paus beluga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paus beluga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisuaq" title="Sisuaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Sisuaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjaldur" title="Mjaldur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mjaldur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" title="Delphinapterus leucas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Delphinapterus leucas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F" title="לבנתן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לבנתן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qilalugaq_qaqortaq" title="Qilalugaq qaqortaq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Qilalugaq qaqortaq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="თეთრი ვეშაპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თეთრი ვეშაპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ақ дельфин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақ дельфин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megudol_(Delphinapterus_leucas)" title="Megudol (Delphinapterus leucas) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Megudol (Delphinapterus leucas)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltvalis" title="Baltvalis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltvalis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltasis_delfinas" title="Baltasis delfinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltasis delfinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maidovalas" title="Maidovalas – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Maidovalas" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%97_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ബെലൂഗ തിമിംഗലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെലൂഗ തിമിംഗലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="حوت ابيض – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حوت ابيض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB_%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8" title="ဘလူးဂါ ဝေလငါး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘလူးဂါ ဝေလငါး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_dolfijn" title="Witte dolfijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Witte dolfijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB" title="シロイルカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シロイルカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvithval" title="Hvithval – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hvithval" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvitkval" title="Kvitkval – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvitkval" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluxa" title="Beluxa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Beluxa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="چٹی وہیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چٹی وہیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ucha_arktyczna" title="Białucha arktyczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Białucha arktyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleia-branca" title="Baleia-branca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baleia-branca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delfinul_alb" title="Delfinul alb – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Delfinul alb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5)" title="Белуха (млекопитающее) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белуха (млекопитающее)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Бөлүүгэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бөлүүгэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Beluga whale" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieluha_%C5%BEltobiela" title="Bieluha žltobiela – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bieluha žltobiela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibiri-Beluga" title="Nibiri-Beluga – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nibiri-Beluga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="نەھەنگی سپی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەھەنگی سپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Белуга – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Белуга" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga" title="Beluga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Beluga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitovalas" title="Maitovalas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maitovalas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitval" title="Vitval – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vitval" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" title="Delphinapterus leucas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Delphinapterus leucas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெள்ளைத் திமிங்கிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெள்ளைத் திமிங்கிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AC%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="วาฬเบลูกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วาฬเบลูกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyaz_balina" title="Beyaz balina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyaz balina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Білуха – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Білуха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7_%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بیلوگا وھیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیلوگا وھیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1_voi_tr%E1%BA%AFng" title="Cá voi trắng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cá voi trắng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" title="Delphinapterus leucas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Delphinapterus leucas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B2%B8" title="白鲸 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="白鲸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"White Whale" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/White_Whale_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="White Whale (disambiguation)">White Whale (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the toothed whale. For the ray-finned fish, see <a href="/wiki/Beluga_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Beluga sturgeon">Beluga sturgeon</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Beluga" class="mw-disambig" title="Beluga">Beluga</a>.</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Beluga whale<a href="#cite_note-msw3-1">[1]</a> <div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a>–Recent <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:218.78153846154px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceanogr%C3%A0fic_29102004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A beluga whale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Oceanogr%C3%A0fic_29102004.jpg/220px-Oceanogr%C3%A0fic_29102004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Oceanogr%C3%A0fic_29102004.jpg/330px-Oceanogr%C3%A0fic_29102004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Oceanogr%C3%A0fic_29102004.jpg/440px-Oceanogr%C3%A0fic_29102004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1013" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">At <a href="/wiki/City_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="City of Arts and Sciences">City of Arts and Sciences</a>, Spain </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_size.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Size comparison to an average human" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Beluga_size.svg/220px-Beluga_size.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Beluga_size.svg/330px-Beluga_size.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Beluga_size.svg/440px-Beluga_size.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="181" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Size compared to an average human </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /> <a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a>  (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-2">[2]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> Appendix II (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Delphinapterus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delphinapterus</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Germain_de_Lac%C3%A9p%C3%A8de" title="Bernard Germain de Lacépède">Lacépède</a>, 1804 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">D. leucas</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Delphinapterus leucas <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a>, 1776)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Cetacea_range_map_Beluga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cetacea_range_map_Beluga.png/220px-Cetacea_range_map_Beluga.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cetacea_range_map_Beluga.png/330px-Cetacea_range_map_Beluga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cetacea_range_map_Beluga.png/440px-Cetacea_range_map_Beluga.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Beluga range </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> The beluga whale (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/bɪˈluːɡə/</a>;<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Delphinapterus leucas) is an <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> and sub-Arctic <a href="/wiki/Cetacean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean">cetacean</a>. It is one of two members of the family <a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhal</a>, and the only member of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> Delphinapterus. It is also known as the white whale, as it is the only cetacean to regularly occur with this colour; the sea canary, due to its high-pitched calls; and the melonhead, though that more commonly refers to the <a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">melon-headed whale</a>, which is an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dolphin" title="Oceanic dolphin">oceanic dolphin</a>. The beluga is adapted to life in the Arctic, with anatomical and physiological characteristics that differentiate it from other cetaceans. Amongst these are its all-white colour and the absence of a <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fin</a>, which allows it to swim under ice with ease.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> It possesses a distinctive protuberance at the front of its head which houses an <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocation organ</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Melon_(whale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melon (whale)">melon</a>, which in this species is large and deformable. The beluga's body size is between that of a dolphin and a true whale, with males growing up to 5.5 m (18 ft) long and weighing up to 1,600 kg (3,530 lb). This whale has a stocky body. Like many cetaceans, a large percentage of its weight is <a href="/wiki/Blubber" title="Blubber">blubber</a> (subcutaneous fat). Its sense of hearing is highly developed and its <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocation</a> allows it to move about and find breathing holes under sheet ice. Belugas are <a href="/wiki/Gregarious" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregarious">gregarious</a> and form groups of 10 animals on average, although during the summer, they can gather in the hundreds or even thousands in <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a> and shallow coastal areas. They are slow swimmers, but can dive to 700 m (2,300 ft) below the surface. They are <a href="/wiki/List_of_feeding_behaviours" title="List of feeding behaviours">opportunistic feeders</a> and their diets vary according to their locations and the season. The majority of belugas live in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> and the seas and coasts around North America, Russia, and Greenland; their worldwide population is thought to number around 200,000.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vacquié-Garcia_253–263-7">[7]</a> They are <a href="/wiki/Animal_migration" title="Animal migration">migratory</a> and the majority of groups spend the winter around the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_ice_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic ice cap">Arctic ice cap</a>; when the <a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">sea ice</a> melts in summer, they move to warmer river estuaries and coastal areas. Some populations are sedentary and do not migrate over great distances during the year. The native peoples of North America and Russia have hunted belugas for many centuries. They were also hunted by non-natives during the 19th century and part of the 20th century. Hunting of belugas is not controlled by the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a>, and each country has developed its own regulations in different years. Currently, some <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> in Canada and Greenland, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> groups and Russians are allowed to hunt belugas for consumption as well as for sale, as <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">aboriginal whaling</a> is excluded from the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> 1986 moratorium on hunting. The numbers have dropped substantially in Russia and Greenland, but not in Alaska and Canada. Other threats include natural predators (<a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Killer_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer whale">killer whales</a>), contamination of rivers (as with <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">polychlorinated biphenyl</a> (PCBs) which <a href="/wiki/Bioaccumulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioaccumulate">bioaccumulate</a> up the food chain), <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_biomes" title="Effects of climate change on biomes">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious diseases</a>. The beluga was placed on the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>'s <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">Red List</a> in 2008 as being "near threatened"; the subpopulation from the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Inlet" title="Cook Inlet">Cook Inlet</a> in Alaska is considered <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a> and is under the protection of the United States' <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a>. Of all seven extant Canadian beluga populations, those inhabiting eastern <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ungava_Bay" title="Ungava Bay">Ungava Bay</a>, and the St. Lawrence River are listed as endangered. Belugas are one of the most commonly kept cetaceans in captivity and are housed in aquariums, <a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium" title="Dolphinarium">dolphinariums</a> and wildlife parks in North America, Europe and Asia. They are considered <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_megafauna" title="Charismatic megafauna">charismatic</a> because of their docile demeanour and characteristic smile, communicative nature,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and supple, graceful movement.<a href="#cite_note-gib-9">[9]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narwhal_x_Beluga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Narwhal_x_Beluga.jpg/170px-Narwhal_x_Beluga.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Narwhal_x_Beluga.jpg/255px-Narwhal_x_Beluga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Narwhal_x_Beluga.jpg/340px-Narwhal_x_Beluga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>Skull of a cross between a narwhal and a beluga whale, at the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen</figcaption></figure> The beluga was first described in 1776 by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Peter Simon Pallas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-msw3-1">[1]</a> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a>, which is in turn part of the <a href="/wiki/Parvorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Parvorder">parvorder</a> <a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a> (toothed whales).<a href="#cite_note-msw3-1">[1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_dolphin" title="Irrawaddy dolphin">Irrawaddy dolphin</a> was once placed in the same family, though recent genetic evidence suggests these dolphins belong to the family <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Delphinidae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhal</a> is the only other species within the Monodontidae.<a href="#cite_note-encyc-12">[12]</a> A skull has been discovered with intermediate characteristics supporting the hypothesis that <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridisation</a> is possible between these two species.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The name of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>, Delphinapterus, means "dolphin without fin" (from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek (language)">Greek</a> δελφίν (delphin), dolphin and απτερος (apteros), without fin) and the species name leucas means "white" (from the Greek λευκας (leukas), white).<a href="#cite_note-Leatherwood-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Red_List_of_Threatened_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Red List of Threatened Species">Red List of Threatened Species</a> gives both beluga and white whale as common names, though the former is now more popular. The English name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> белу́га, which derives from the word белый (bélyj), meaning "white".<a href="#cite_note-Leatherwood-14">[14]</a> Nowadays the word белу́га in Russian refers to the <a href="/wiki/Beluga_(sturgeon)" title="Beluga (sturgeon)">beluga sturgeon</a>, while the whale is called almost similarly - белу́ха ("belúha").[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The whale is also colloquially known as the "sea canary" on account of its high-pitched squeaks, squeals, clucks, and whistles. A Japanese researcher claimed that he taught a beluga to "talk" by using these sounds to identify three different objects, offering hope that humans may one day be able to communicate effectively with sea mammals.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> A similar observation has been made by Canadian researchers, where a beluga which died in 2007 "talked" when he was still a subadult. Another example is <a href="/wiki/NOC_(whale)" title="NOC (whale)">NOC</a>, a beluga whale that could mimic the rhythm and tone of human language. Beluga whales in the wild have been reported to imitate human voices.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cetaceans" title="Evolution of cetaceans">Evolution of cetaceans</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Squelette_Delphinapterus_leucas_rdl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeleton of D. leucas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Squelette_Delphinapterus_leucas_rdl.jpg/200px-Squelette_Delphinapterus_leucas_rdl.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Squelette_Delphinapterus_leucas_rdl.jpg/300px-Squelette_Delphinapterus_leucas_rdl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Squelette_Delphinapterus_leucas_rdl.jpg/400px-Squelette_Delphinapterus_leucas_rdl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3194" data-file-height="1333" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphinapterus_leucas_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C_277.stl" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3d model of the skeleton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Delphinapterus_leucas_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C_277.stl/200px-Delphinapterus_leucas_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C_277.stl.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Delphinapterus_leucas_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C_277.stl/300px-Delphinapterus_leucas_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C_277.stl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Delphinapterus_leucas_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C_277.stl/400px-Delphinapterus_leucas_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C_277.stl.png 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Skeleton of D. leucas</div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a> studies have shown modern cetaceans last shared a common ancestor between 25 and 34 million years ago<a href="#cite_note-waddell-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The superfamily Delphinoidea (which contains monodontids, dolphins and porpoises) split from other toothed whales, odontoceti, between 11 and 15 million years ago. Monodontids then split from dolphins (Delphinidae) and later from <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a> (Phocoenidae), their closest relatives in evolutionary terms.<a href="#cite_note-waddell-17">[17]</a> In 2017 the genome of a beluga whale was sequenced, comprising 2.327 Gbp of assembled genomic sequence that encoded 29,581 predicted genes.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The authors estimated that the genome-wide sequence similarity between beluga whales and <a href="/wiki/Killer_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer whale">killer whales</a> is 97.87%.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The beluga's earliest known distinctive ancestors include the prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Denebola_brachycephala" title="Denebola brachycephala">Denebola brachycephala</a> from the late Miocene epoch (9–10 million years ago),<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohaskaia_monodontoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohaskaia monodontoides">Bohaskaia monodontoides</a>, from the early Pliocene (3–5 million years ago).<a href="#cite_note-velez-22">[22]</a> Fossil evidence from Baja California<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> and Virginia indicate the family once inhabited warmer waters.<a href="#cite_note-velez-22">[22]</a> A fossil of the monodontid <a href="/wiki/Casatia_thermophila" class="mw-redirect" title="Casatia thermophila">Casatia thermophila</a>, from five million years ago, provides the strongest evidence that monodontids once inhabited warmer waters, as the fossil was found alongside fossils of tropical species such as bull and tiger sharks.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The fossil record also indicates that, in comparatively recent times, the beluga's range varied with that of the polar ice packs expanding during <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice ages</a> and contracting when the ice retreated.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Counter-evidence to this theory comes from the finding in 1849 of fossilised beluga bones in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> in the United States, 240 km (150 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. The bones were discovered during construction of the first railroad between <a href="/wiki/Rutland_(city),_Vermont" title="Rutland (city), Vermont">Rutland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a> in Vermont, when workers unearthed the bones of a mysterious animal in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Vermont" title="Charlotte, Vermont">Charlotte</a>. Buried nearly 10 ft (3.0 m) below the surface in a thick blue <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, these bones were unlike those of any animal previously discovered in Vermont. Experts identified the bones as those of a beluga. Because Charlotte is over 150 mi (240 km) from the nearest ocean, early naturalists were at a loss to explain the presence of the bones of a <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">marine mammal</a> buried beneath the fields of rural Vermont.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The remains were found to be preserved in the sediments of the <a href="/wiki/Champlain_Sea" title="Champlain Sea">Champlain Sea</a>, an extension of the Atlantic Ocean within the continent resulting from the rise in sea level at the end of the ice ages some 12,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Today, the <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_whale" title="Charlotte whale">Charlotte whale</a> is the official Vermont State Fossil (making Vermont the only state whose official fossil is that of a still extant animal).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlotte_Whale.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Charlotte_Whale.png/220px-Charlotte_Whale.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Charlotte_Whale.png/330px-Charlotte_Whale.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Charlotte_Whale.png/440px-Charlotte_Whale.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>The cranium and mandible of the Charlotte whale (white) restored with the skull of a modern beluga whale (black)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_premier.gov.ru-3.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-3.jpeg/220px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-3.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-3.jpeg/330px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-3.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-3.jpeg/440px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-3.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Front view of a beluga whale in captivity</figcaption></figure> Its body is round, particularly when well fed, and tapers less smoothly to the head than the tail. The sudden tapering to the base of its neck gives it the appearance of shoulders, unique among cetaceans. The tail-fin grows and becomes increasingly and ornately curved as the animal ages. The flippers are broad and short—making them almost square-shaped. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longevity">Longevity</h3></div> Preliminary investigations suggested a beluga's <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> was rarely more than 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The method used to calculate the age of a beluga is based on counting the layers of <a href="/wiki/Dentin" title="Dentin">dentine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cementum" title="Cementum">dental cement</a> in a specimen's teeth, which were originally thought to be deposited once or twice a year. The layers can be readily identified as one layer consists of opaque dense material and the other is transparent and less dense. It is therefore possible to estimate the age of the individual by extrapolating the number of layers identified and the estimated frequency with which the deposits are laid down.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> A 2006 study using <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a> of the dentin layers showed the deposit of this material occurs with a lesser frequency (once per year) than was previously thought. The study therefore estimated belugas can live for 70 or 80 years.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> However, recent studies suggest that it is unclear as to whether belugas receive a different number of layers per year depending on the age of the animal (for example young belugas may only receive an additional one layer per year), or simply just one layer per year or every other year.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size">Size</h3></div> The species presents a moderate degree of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a>, as the males are 25% longer than the females and are sturdier.<a href="#cite_note-cms-32">[32]</a> Adult male belugas can range from 3.5 to 5.5 m (11 to 18 ft), while the females measure 3 to 4.1 m (9.8 to 13.5 ft).<a href="#cite_note-princeton-33">[33]</a> Males weigh between 1,100 and 1,600 kg (2,430 and 3,530 lb), and occasionally up to 1,900 kg (4,190 lb) while females weigh between 700 and 1,200 kg (1,540 and 2,650 lb).<a href="#cite_note-audubon-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> They rank as mid-sized species among toothed whales.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Individuals of both sexes reach their maximum size by the time they are 10 years old.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway-37">[37]</a> The beluga's body shape is stocky and fusiform (cone-shaped with the point facing backwards), and they frequently have folds of fat, particularly along the ventral surface.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldphy-38">[38]</a> Between 40% and 50% of their body weight is fat, which is a higher proportion than for cetaceans that do not inhabit the Arctic, where fat only represents 30% of body weight.<a href="#cite_note-paine-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The fat forms a layer that covers all of the body except the head, and it can be up to 15 cm (5.9 in) thick. It acts as insulation in waters with temperatures between 0 and 18 °C, as well as being an important reserve during periods without food.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colour">Colour</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphinapterus_leucas_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Delphinapterus_leucas_2.jpg/220px-Delphinapterus_leucas_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Delphinapterus_leucas_2.jpg/330px-Delphinapterus_leucas_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Delphinapterus_leucas_2.jpg/440px-Delphinapterus_leucas_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption> Head of a beluga showing its distinctive white colouring and the large frontal prominence that houses the melon</figcaption></figure> The adult beluga is rarely mistaken for any other species, because it is completely white or whitish-grey in colour.<a href="#cite_note-eol-42">[42]</a> Calves are usually born grey,<a href="#cite_note-princeton-33">[33]</a> and by the time they are a month old, have turned dark grey or blue grey. They then start to progressively lose their pigmentation until they attain their distinctive white colouration, at the age of seven years in females and nine in males.<a href="#cite_note-eol-42">[42]</a> The white colouration of the skin is an adaptation to life in the Arctic that allows belugas to camouflage themselves in the polar ice caps as protection against their main predators, <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Killer_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer whales">killer whales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-friedman-43">[43]</a> Unlike other cetaceans, the belugas seasonally <a href="/wiki/Moulting" title="Moulting">shed</a> their skin.<a href="#cite_note-moult-44">[44]</a> During the winter, the <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(skin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidermis (skin)">epidermis</a> thickens and the skin can become yellowish, mainly on the back and fins. When they migrate to the estuaries during the summer, they rub themselves on the gravel of the riverbeds to remove the cutaneous covering.<a href="#cite_note-moult-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head_and_neck">Head and neck</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphinapterus_leucas_head_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Delphinapterus_leucas_head_1.jpg/220px-Delphinapterus_leucas_head_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Delphinapterus_leucas_head_1.jpg/330px-Delphinapterus_leucas_head_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Delphinapterus_leucas_head_1.jpg/440px-Delphinapterus_leucas_head_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(anatomy)" title="Blowhole (anatomy)">Spiracle</a> in the back of a beluga's head</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphinapterus_leucas_beluga_MNHN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Delphinapterus_leucas_beluga_MNHN.jpg/220px-Delphinapterus_leucas_beluga_MNHN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Delphinapterus_leucas_beluga_MNHN.jpg/330px-Delphinapterus_leucas_beluga_MNHN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Delphinapterus_leucas_beluga_MNHN.jpg/440px-Delphinapterus_leucas_beluga_MNHN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4084" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>The skull</figcaption></figure> Like most <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothed whales">toothed whales</a>, the beluga has a compartment found at the centre of the forehead that contains an organ used for echolocation called a <a href="/wiki/Melon_(whale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melon (whale)">melon</a>, which contains fatty tissue.<a href="#cite_note-haley-45">[45]</a> The shape of the beluga's head is unlike that of any other cetacean, as the melon is extremely bulbous, lobed and visible as a large frontal prominence.<a href="#cite_note-haley-45">[45]</a> Another distinctive characteristic it possesses is the melon is malleable; its shape is changed during the emission of sounds.<a href="#cite_note-encyc-12">[12]</a> The beluga is able to change the shape of its head by blowing air around its <a href="/wiki/Paranasal_sinuses" title="Paranasal sinuses">sinuses</a> to focus the emitted sounds.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldcom-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> This organ contains <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Isovaleric_acid" title="Isovaleric acid">isovaleric acid</a> (60.1%) and long-chain branched acids (16.9%), a very different composition from its body fat, and which could play a role in its echolocation system.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Unlike many dolphins and whales, the seven <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebrae</a> in the neck are not fused together, allowing the animal to turn its head laterally without needing to rotate its body.<a href="#cite_note-Bonner,_W.N._17,_23–24-49">[49]</a> This gives the head a lateral manoeuvrability that allows an improved field of view and movement and helps in catching prey and evading predators in deep water.<a href="#cite_note-friedman-43">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rostrum_(anatomy)" title="Rostrum (anatomy)">rostrum</a> has about eight to ten small, blunt and slightly curved teeth on each side of the jaw and a total of 36 to 40 teeth.<a href="#cite_note-nowak-50">[50]</a> Belugas do not use their teeth to chew, but for catching hold of their prey; they then tear them up and swallow them nearly whole.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Belugas only have a single <a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(anatomy)" title="Blowhole (anatomy)">spiracle</a>, which is located on the top of the head behind the melon, and has a muscular covering, allowing it to be completely sealed. Under normal conditions, the spiracle is closed and an animal must contract the muscular covering to open the spiracle.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> A beluga's <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> gland is larger than that of terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>—weighing three times more than that of a horse—which helps it to maintain a greater metabolism during the summer when it lives in river estuaries.<a href="#cite_note-aubin-53">[53]</a> It is the marine cetacean that most frequently develops <a href="/wiki/Hyperplasia" title="Hyperplasia">hyperplastic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplasia">neoplastic</a> lesions of the thyroid.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fins">Fins</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphinapterus_leucas_in_shallows.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Delphinapterus_leucas_in_shallows.jpg/220px-Delphinapterus_leucas_in_shallows.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Delphinapterus_leucas_in_shallows.jpg/330px-Delphinapterus_leucas_in_shallows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Delphinapterus_leucas_in_shallows.jpg/440px-Delphinapterus_leucas_in_shallows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption>A beluga showing its tail fin in shallow water in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Aquarium" title="Vancouver Aquarium">Vancouver Aquarium</a>, Canada</figcaption></figure> The fins retain the bony vestiges of the beluga's mammalian ancestors, and are firmly bound together by <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldphy-38">[38]</a> The fins are small in relation to the size of the body, rounded and oar-shaped and slightly curled at the tips.<a href="#cite_note-Leatherwood-14">[14]</a> These versatile extremities are mainly used as a rudder to control direction, to work in synchrony with the tailfin and for agile movement in shallow waters up to 3 m (9.8 ft) deep.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway-37">[37]</a> The fins also contain a mechanism for <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">regulating body temperature</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">arteries</a> feeding the fin's muscles are surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">veins</a> that dilate or contract to gain or lose heat.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldphy-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The tailfin is flat with two oar-like lobes, it does not have any bones, and is made up of hard, dense, fibrous connective tissue. The tailfin has a distinctive curvature along the lower edge.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldphy-38">[38]</a> The longitudinal muscles of the back provide the ascending and descending movement of the tailfin, which has a similar thermoregulation mechanism to the pectoral fins.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldphy-38">[38]</a> Belugas have a dorsal ridge, rather than a <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-princeton-33">[33]</a> The absence of the dorsal fin is reflected in the genus name of the species—apterus the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word for "wingless". The evolutionary preference for a dorsal ridge rather than a fin is believed to be an adaptation to under-ice conditions, or possibly as a way of preserving heat.<a href="#cite_note-encyc-12">[12]</a> The crest is hard and, along with the head, can be used to open holes in ice up to 8 cm (3.1 in) thick.<a href="#cite_note-belko-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senses">Senses</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg/220px-Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg/330px-Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg/440px-Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Emission and reception of sounds in a <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">toothed whale</a></figcaption></figure> The beluga has a very specialised sense of hearing and its <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">auditory cortex</a> is highly developed. It can hear sounds within the range of 1.2 to 120 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">kHz</a>, with the greatest sensitivity between 10 and 75 kHz,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> where the average hearing range for humans is 0.02 to 20 kHz.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The majority of sounds are most probably received by the lower <a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">jaw</a> and transmitted towards the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a>. In the toothed whales, the lower jawbone is broad with a cavity at its base, which projects towards the place where it joins the <a href="/wiki/Cranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranium">cranium</a>. A fatty deposit inside this small cavity connects to the middle ear.<a href="#cite_note-senses-59">[59]</a> Toothed whales also possess a small external auditory hole a few centimetres behind their eyes; each hole communicates with an external auditory conduit and an <a href="/wiki/Eardrum" title="Eardrum">eardrum</a>. It is not known if these organs are functional or simply <a href="/wiki/Vestigial_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestigial organ">vestigial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-senses-59">[59]</a> Belugas are able to see within and outside of water, but their vision is relatively poor when compared to dolphins.<a href="#cite_note-herman-60">[60]</a> Their eyes are especially adapted to seeing under water, although when they come into contact with the air, the crystalline <a href="/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (anatomy)">lens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">cornea</a> adjust to overcome the associated <a href="/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia">myopia</a> (the range of vision under water is short).<a href="#cite_note-herman-60">[60]</a> A beluga's <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> has <a href="/wiki/Cone_(cell)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cone (cell)">cones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rod_(cell)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rod (cell)">rods</a>, which also suggests they can see in low light. The presence of cone cells indicates they can see colours, although this suggestion has not been confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-herman-60">[60]</a> Glands located in the medial corner of their eyes secrete an oily, gelatinous substance that lubricates the eye and helps flush out foreign bodies. This substance forms a film that protects the cornea and the <a href="/wiki/Conjunctiva" title="Conjunctiva">conjunctiva</a> from pathogenic organisms.<a href="#cite_note-herman-60">[60]</a> Studies on captive animals show they seek frequent physical contact with other belugas.<a href="#cite_note-friedman-43">[43]</a> Areas in the mouth have been found that could act as <a href="/wiki/Chemoreceptor" title="Chemoreceptor">chemoreceptors</a> for different tastes, and they can detect the presence of blood in water, which causes them to react immediately by displaying typical alarm behaviour.<a href="#cite_note-friedman-43">[43]</a> Like the other toothed whales, their brains lack <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulbs</a> and olfactory nerves, which suggests they do not have a sense of smell.<a href="#cite_note-haley-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour">Behaviour</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_structure_and_play">Social structure and play</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belugaschule_1999-07-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Belugaschule_1999-07-02.jpg/220px-Belugaschule_1999-07-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Belugaschule_1999-07-02.jpg/330px-Belugaschule_1999-07-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Belugaschule_1999-07-02.jpg/440px-Belugaschule_1999-07-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5428" data-file-height="3459" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of a pod of belugas swimming at the surface</figcaption></figure> These cetaceans are highly sociable and they regularly form small groups, or pods, that may contain between two and 25 individuals, with an average of 10 members.<a href="#cite_note-Katona-61">[61]</a> Pods tend to be unstable, meaning individuals tend to move from pod to pod. Radio tracking has even shown belugas can start out in one pod and within a few days be hundreds of miles away from that pod.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Beluga whale pods can be grouped into three categories, nurseries (which consist of mother and calves), bachelors (which consist of all males) and mixed groups. Mixed groups contain animals of both sexes.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-nowak-50">[50]</a> Many hundreds and even thousands of individuals can be present when the pods join in river estuaries during the summer. This can represent a significant proportion of the total population and is when they are most vulnerable to being hunted.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> They are cooperative animals and frequently hunt in coordinated groups.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-65">[65]</a> The animals in a pod are very sociable and often chase each other as if they are playing or fighting, and they often rub against each other.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Often individuals will surface and dive together in a synchronized manner, in a behavior known as milling. In captivity, they can be seen to be constantly playing, vocalising and swimming around each other.<a href="#cite_note-behavior-67">[67]</a> In one case, one whale blew bubbles, while the other one popped them. There have also been reports of beluga whales copying and imitating one another, similar to a game of Simon-says. There have also been reports of them displaying physical affection, via mouth to mouth contact. They also show a great deal of curiosity towards humans and frequently approach the windows in the tanks to observe them.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Belugas also show a great degree of curiosity towards humans in the wild, and frequently swim alongside boats.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> They also play with objects they find in the water; in the wild, they do this with wood, plants, dead fish and bubbles they have created.<a href="#cite_note-paine-39">[39]</a> During the breeding season, adults have been observed carrying objects such as plants, nets, and even the skeleton of a dead <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> on their heads and backs.<a href="#cite_note-behavior-67">[67]</a> Captive females have also been observed displaying this behavior, carrying items such as floats and buoys, after they have lost a calf. Experts consider this interaction with the objects to be a <a href="/wiki/Substitute_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Substitute behavior">substitute behavior</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In captivity, mothering behavior among belugas depends on the individual. Some mothers are extremely attentive while other mothers are so blasé, that they have actually lost their calves. In aquaria, there have been cases where dominant females have stolen calves from mothers, particularly if they have lost a calf or if they are pregnant. After giving birth, dominant females will return the calf back to their mother. Additionally, male calves will temporarily leave their mothers to interact with an adult male who can serve as a role model for the calf, before they return to their mothers. Male calves are also frequently seen interacting with each other. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swimming_and_diving">Swimming and diving</h3></div> Belugas are slower swimmers than the other toothed whales, such as the killer whale and the <a href="/wiki/Common_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Common bottlenose dolphin">common bottlenose dolphin</a>, because they are less hydrodynamic and have limited movement of their tail-fins, which produce the greatest thrust.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> They frequently swim at speeds between 3 and 9 km/h (1.9 and 5.6 mph), although they are able to maintain a speed of 22 km/h for up to 15 min.<a href="#cite_note-nowak-50">[50]</a> Unlike most cetaceans, they are capable of swimming backwards.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Belugas swim on the surface between 5% and 10% of the time, while for the rest of the time they swim at a depth sufficient enough to cover their bodies.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway-37">[37]</a> They do not jump out of the water like dolphins or killer whales.<a href="#cite_note-Leatherwood-14">[14]</a> These animals usually only dive to depths to 20 m (66 ft),<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> although they are capable of diving to greater depths. Individual captive animals have been recorded at depths between 400 and 647 m below sea level,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> while animals in the wild have been recorded as diving to a depth of more than 700 m, with the greatest recorded depth being over 900 m.<a href="#cite_note-deep-75">[75]</a> A dive normally lasts 3 to 5 minutes, but can last up to over 20 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-nowak-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-deep-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-MarineBioA-77">[77]</a> In the shallower water of the estuaries, a diving session may last around two minutes; the sequence consists of five or six rapid, shallow dives followed by a deeper dive lasting up to one minute.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway-37">[37]</a> The average number of dives per day varies between 31 and 51.<a href="#cite_note-deep-75">[75]</a> All cetaceans, including belugas, have physiological adaptations designed to conserve oxygen while they are under water.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway1972-78">[78]</a> During a dive, these animals will reduce their heart rate from 100 beats a minute to between 12 and 20.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway1972-78">[78]</a> Blood flow is diverted away from certain tissues and organs and towards the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>, which require a constant oxygen supply.<a href="#cite_note-ridgway1972-78">[78]</a> The amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood is 5.5%, which is greater than that found in land-based mammals and is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seals</a> (a diving marine mammal). One study found a female beluga had 16.5 L of oxygen dissolved in her blood.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Lastly, the beluga's muscles contain high levels of the protein <a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">myoglobin</a>, which stores oxygen in muscle. Myoglobin concentrations in belugas are several times greater than for terrestrial mammals, which help prevent oxygen deficiency during dives.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Beluga whales often accompany <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whales</a>, for curiosity and to secure <a href="/wiki/Polynya" title="Polynya">polynya</a> feasibility to breathe as bowheads are capable of breaking through ice from underwater by headbutting.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oncorhynchus_keta.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Oncorhynchus_keta.jpeg/220px-Oncorhynchus_keta.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Oncorhynchus_keta.jpeg/330px-Oncorhynchus_keta.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Oncorhynchus_keta.jpeg/440px-Oncorhynchus_keta.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pacific_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific salmon">Pacific salmon</a>, the staple diet of belugas from Alaska</figcaption></figure> Belugas play an important role in the structure and function of marine resources in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, as they are the most abundant toothed whales in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Beaufort-82">[82]</a> They are opportunistic feeders; their feeding habits depend on their locations and the season.<a href="#cite_note-cms-32">[32]</a> For example, when they are in the <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a>, they mainly eat <a href="/wiki/Arctic_cod" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic cod">Arctic cod</a> (Boreogadus saida) and the stomachs of belugas caught near Greenland were found to contain <a href="/wiki/Rose_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose fish">rose fish</a> (Sebastes marinus), <a href="/wiki/Greenland_halibut" title="Greenland halibut">Greenland halibut</a> (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) and <a href="/wiki/Northern_shrimp" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern shrimp">northern shrimp</a> (Pandalus borealis),<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> while in Alaska their staple diet is <a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">Coho salmon</a> (Oncorhynchus kisutch).<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In general, the diets of these cetaceans consist mainly of fish; apart from those previously mentioned, other fish they feed on include <a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">capelin</a> (Mallotus villosus), <a href="/wiki/Smelt_(fish)" title="Smelt (fish)">smelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpin" title="Sculpin">sculpin</a> and other types of <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lentifer-85">[85]</a> They also consume a great quantity of invertebrates, such as <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">octopus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_snail" title="Sea snail">sea snails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polychaeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychaeta">bristle worms</a> and other deep-sea species.<a href="#cite_note-lentifer-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa2005-86">[86]</a> Belugas feed mainly in winter as their blubber is thickest in later winter and early spring, and thinnest in the fall. Inuit observation has led scientists to believe that belugas do not hunt during migration, at least in Hudson Bay.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The diet of Alaskan belugas is quite diverse and varies depending on season and migratory behavior. Belugas in the Beaufort Sea mainly feed on staghorn and shorthorn sculpin, <a href="/wiki/Walleye_pollock" class="mw-redirect" title="Walleye pollock">walleye pollock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_cod" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic cod">Arctic cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saffron_cod" title="Saffron cod">saffron cod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sand_lance" title="Sand lance">Pacific sand lance</a>. Shrimp are the most common invertebrate eaten, with octopus, <a href="/wiki/Amphipods" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphipods">amphipods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echiura" title="Echiura">echiurids</a> being other sources of invertebrate prey. The most common prey species for belugas in the Eastern Chukchi Sea appears to be shrimp, echiurid worms, cephalopods and <a href="/wiki/Polychaetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychaetes">polychaetes</a>. The largest prey item consumed by beluga whales in the Eastern Chukchi Sea seems to be saffron cod. Beluga whales in the Eastern Bering Sea feed on a variety of fish species including saffron cod, <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_smelt" title="Rainbow smelt">rainbow smelt</a>, walleye pollock, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific salmon">Pacific salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_herring" title="Pacific herring">Pacific herring</a> and several species of flounder and sculpin. The primary invertebrate consumed is shrimp. The primary prey item in regard to fish species for belugas in Bristol Bay appears to be the five species of salmon, with sockeye being the most prevalent. Smelt is also another common fish family eaten by belugas in this region. Shrimp is the most prevalent invertebrate prey item. The most common prey items for belugas in Cook Inlet appear to be salmon, cod and smelt.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Animals in captivity eat 2.5% to 3.0% of their body weight per day, which equates to 18.2 to 27.2 kg (40 to 60 lb).<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Like their wild counterparts, captive belugas were found to eat less in the fall.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Foraging on the seabed typically takes place at depths between 20 and 40 m (66 and 131 ft),<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> although they can dive to depths of 700 m (2,300 ft) in search of food.<a href="#cite_note-deep-75">[75]</a> Their flexible necks provide a wide range of movement while they are searching for food on the ocean floor. Some animals have been observed to suck up water and then forcefully expel it to uncover their prey hidden in the silt on the seabed.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-65">[65]</a> As their <a href="/wiki/Tooth" title="Tooth">teeth</a> are neither large nor sharp, belugas must use suction to bring their prey into their mouths; it also means their prey has to be consumed whole, which in turn means it cannot be too large or the belugas run the risk of it getting stuck in their throats.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> They also join into coordinated groups of five or more to feed on <a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">shoals</a> of fish by steering the fish into shallow water, where the belugas then attack them.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-65">[65]</a> For example, in the estuary of the <a href="/wiki/Amur_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Amur River">Amur River</a>, where they mainly feed on salmon, groups of six or eight individuals join to surround a shoal of fish and prevent their escape. Individuals then take turns feeding on the fish.<a href="#cite_note-belko-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphinapterus_leucas_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Underwater photo of calf swimming slightly below and behind its mother" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Delphinapterus_leucas_16.jpg/220px-Delphinapterus_leucas_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Delphinapterus_leucas_16.jpg/330px-Delphinapterus_leucas_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Delphinapterus_leucas_16.jpg/440px-Delphinapterus_leucas_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Female and calf</figcaption></figure> Estimations of the age of sexual maturity for beluga whales vary considerably; the majority of authors estimate males reach sexual maturity when they are between nine and fifteen years old, and females reach maturity between eight and fourteen years old.<a href="#cite_note-noaasex-93">[93]</a> The average age at which females first give birth is 8.5 years and fertility begins to decrease when they are 25, eventually undergoing menopause,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> and ceasing reproductive potential with no births recorded for females older than 41.<a href="#cite_note-noaasex-93">[93]</a> There is a slight difference on the sexual maturation period between males and females. The male beluga whales take seven to nine years to become sexually mature, while the females take four to seven years.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Female belugas typically give birth to one calf every three years.<a href="#cite_note-princeton-33">[33]</a> Most mating occurs from February to May, but some occurs at other times of year.<a href="#cite_note-encyc-12">[12]</a> The beluga may have <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_diapause" title="Embryonic diapause">delayed implantation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-encyc-12">[12]</a> Gestation has been estimated to last 12.0 to 14.5 months,<a href="#cite_note-princeton-33">[33]</a> but information derived from captive females suggests a period up to 475 days (15.8 months).<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> During the mating season, the testes of belugas double in weight. Testosterone levels increase, but seems to be independent of copulation. Copulation typically takes place between 3 and 4 AM. Calves are born over a protracted period that varies by location. In the Canadian Arctic, calves are born between March and September, while in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, the peak calving period is in late June, and in <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Sound" title="Cumberland Sound">Cumberland Sound</a>, most calves are born from late July to early August.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Births usually take place in bays or estuaries where the water is between 10 and 15 °C.<a href="#cite_note-Katona-61">[61]</a> Newborns are about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long, weigh about 80 kg (180 lb), and are grey in colour.<a href="#cite_note-nowak-50">[50]</a> They are able to swim alongside their mothers immediately after birth.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The newborn calves nurse under water and initiate <a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">lactation</a> a few hours after birth; thereafter, they feed at intervals around an hour.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-65">[65]</a> Studies of captive females have indicated their milk composition varies between individuals and with the stage of lactation; it has an average content of 28% fat, 11% protein, 60.3% water, and less than 1% residual solids.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The milk contains about 92 <a href="/wiki/Calories" class="mw-redirect" title="Calories">cal</a> per <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-seaedu-101">[101]</a> The calves remain dependent on their mothers for nursing for the first year, when their teeth appear.<a href="#cite_note-Katona-61">[61]</a> After this, they start to supplement their diets with shrimp and small fish.<a href="#cite_note-haley-45">[45]</a> The majority of the calves continue nursing until they are 20 months old, although occasionally lactation can continue for more than two years,<a href="#cite_note-nowak-50">[50]</a> and lactational <a href="/wiki/Anoestrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Anoestrus">anoestrus</a> may not occur. <a href="/wiki/Alloparenting" title="Alloparenting">Alloparenting</a> (care by females different from the mother) has been observed in captive belugas, including spontaneous and long-term milk production. This suggests this behaviour, which is also seen in other mammals, may be present in belugas in the wild.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Hybrids have been documented between the beluga and the narwhal (specifically offspring conceived by a beluga father and a narwhal mother), as one, perhaps even as many as three, such hybrids were killed and harvested during a sustenance hunt. Whether or not these hybrids could breed remains unknown. The unusual dentition seen in the single remaining skull indicates the hybrid hunted on the seabed, much as walruses do, indicating feeding habits different from those of either parent species.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Skovrind2019-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication_and_echolocation">Communication and echolocation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="17" data-mwtitle="Beluga_vocalizations.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Beluga_vocalizations.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Beluga_vocalizations.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Beluga_vocalizations.ogg/Beluga_vocalizations.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption>Vocalisations of Delphinapterus leucas published by <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a></figcaption></figure> Belugas use sounds and <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocation</a> for movement, communication, to find breathing holes in the ice, and to hunt in dark or turbid waters.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldcom-46">[46]</a> They produce a rapid sequence of clicks that pass through the melon, which acts as an acoustic lens to focus the sounds into a beam that is projected forward through the surrounding water.<a href="#cite_note-seaedu-101">[101]</a> These sounds spread through the water at a speed of nearly 1.6 km per second, some four times faster than the speed of sound in air. The sound waves reflect from objects and return as echoes that are heard and interpreted by the animal.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldcom-46">[46]</a> This enables them to determine the distance, speed, size, shape and the object's internal structure within the beam of sound. They use this ability when moving around thick Arctic ice sheets, to find areas of unfrozen water for breathing, or air pockets trapped under the ice.<a href="#cite_note-Katona-61">[61]</a> Some evidence indicates that belugas are highly sensitive to noise produced by humans. In one study, the maximum frequencies produced by an individual located in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, were between 40 and 60 kHz. The same individual produced sounds with a maximum frequency of 100 to 120 kHz when transferred to <a href="/wiki/Kaneohe_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaneohe Bay">Kaneohe Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. The difference in frequencies is thought to be a response to the difference in environmental noise in the two areas.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In special circumstances, beluga whale sounds have been reported to resemble human speech.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> These animals communicate using sounds of high frequency; their calls can sound like bird songs, so belugas were nicknamed "canaries of the sea".<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Like the other toothed whales, belugas do not possess <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal cords</a> and the sounds are probably produced by the movement of air between the nasal sacks, which are located near to the blowhole.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldcom-46">[46]</a> Belugas are among the most vocal cetaceans.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> They use their vocalisations for echolocation, during mating and for communication. They possess a large repertoire, emitting up to 11 different sounds, such as cackles, whistles, trills and squawks.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldcom-46">[46]</a> They make sounds by grinding their teeth or splashing, but they rarely use body language.<a href="#cite_note-seaworldcom-46">[46]</a> There is debate as to whether cetacean vocalizations can constitute a language. A study conducted in 2015 determined that European beluga signals share physical features comparable to vowels. These sounds were found to be stable throughout time, but varied among different geographical locations. The further away the populations were from each other, the more varied the sounds were in relation to one another.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Territorio_Beluga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Territorio_Beluga.png/220px-Territorio_Beluga.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Territorio_Beluga.png/330px-Territorio_Beluga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Territorio_Beluga.png/440px-Territorio_Beluga.png 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="1222" /></a><figcaption>Circumpolar distribution of beluga populations showing the main subpopulations</figcaption></figure> The beluga inhabits a discontinuous circumpolar distribution in Arctic and sub-Arctic waters.<a href="#cite_note-rice-111">[111]</a> During the summer, they can mainly be found in deep waters ranging from <a href="/wiki/76th_parallel_north" title="76th parallel north">76°N</a> to <a href="/wiki/80th_parallel_north" title="80th parallel north">80°N</a>, particularly along the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, northern Canada, western <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and northern Russia.<a href="#cite_note-rice-111">[111]</a> The southernmost extent of their range includes isolated populations in the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> in the Atlantic,<a href="#cite_note-Canada_DFO-112">[112]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amur_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Amur River">Amur River</a> delta, the <a href="/wiki/Shantar_Islands" title="Shantar Islands">Shantar Islands</a> and the waters surrounding <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhalin Island">Sakhalin Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burkanov-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3></div> Belugas have a seasonal <a href="/wiki/Animal_migration" title="Animal migration">migratory</a> pattern.<a href="#cite_note-suydam-114">[114]</a> Migration patterns are passed from parents to offspring. Some travel as far as 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi) per year.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> When the summer sites become blocked with ice during the autumn, they move to spend the winter in the open sea alongside the pack ice or in areas covered with ice, surviving by using <a href="/wiki/Polynya" title="Polynya">polynyas</a> to surface and breathe.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a> after the sheet ice has melted, they move to coastal areas with shallower water (1–3 m [3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in] deep), although sometimes they migrate towards deeper waters (deeper than 800 m [2,600 ft]).<a href="#cite_note-suydam-114">[114]</a> In the summer, they occupy <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a> and the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a>, and, on occasion, they even swim up the rivers.<a href="#cite_note-suydam-114">[114]</a> A number of incidents have been reported where groups or individuals have been found hundreds or even thousands of kilometres from the ocean.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> One such example comes from June 9, 2006, when a young beluga carcass was found in the <a href="/wiki/Tanana_River" title="Tanana River">Tanana River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a> in central Alaska, nearly 1,700 km (1,100 mi) from the nearest ocean habitat. Belugas sometimes follow migrating fish, leading Alaska state biologist Tom Seaton to speculate it had followed migrating <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> up the river at some point in the previous autumn.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The rivers they most often travel up include: the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dvina" title="Northern Dvina">Northern Dvina</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mezen_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezen River">Mezen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pechora_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pechora River">Pechora</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ob_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ob River">Ob</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei River">Yenisei</a> in Asia; the <a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kuskokwim_River" title="Kuskokwim River">Kuskokwim</a> in Alaska, and the Saint Lawrence in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-rice-111">[111]</a> Spending time in a river has been shown to stimulate an animal's metabolism and facilitates the seasonal renewal of the epidermal layer.<a href="#cite_note-aubin-53">[53]</a> In addition, the rivers represent a safe haven for newborn calves where they will not be preyed upon by killer whales.<a href="#cite_note-encyc-12">[12]</a> Calves often return to the same estuary as their mother in the summer, meeting her sometimes even after becoming fully mature.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> However, not all beluga whale populations summer in estuaries. Belugas from the Beaufort Sea stock were found to summer along the Eastern Beaufort Sea shelf, <a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Gulf" title="Amundsen Gulf">Amundsen Gulf</a> and slope regions north and west of <a href="/wiki/Banks_Island" title="Banks Island">Banks Island</a>, in addition to core areas in the Mackenzie River Estuary. Male belugas have been observed summering in deeper waters along <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Melville_Sound" title="Viscount Melville Sound">Viscount Melville Sound</a>, in depths of up to 600 metres (2,000 ft). The bulk of Eastern Chukchi Sea belugas summer over Barrow canyon.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The migration season is relatively predictable, as it is basically determined by the amount of daylight and not by other variable physical or biological factors, such as the condition of the sea ice.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Vagrants may travel further south to areas such as <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> waters,<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> the islands of <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a>,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Japanese</a> waters.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> There had been several vagrant individuals<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> that have demonstrated seasonal residencies at <a href="/wiki/Muroran" title="Muroran">Volcano Bay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and a unique whale were used to return annually to areas adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Shibetsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibetsu">Shibetsu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nemuro_Strait" title="Nemuro Strait">Nemuro Strait</a> in the 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On rarer occasions, individuals of vagrancy can reach the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> A few other individuals have been confirmed to return to the coasts of Hokkaido, and one particular individual became a resident in <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish waters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Notoro" title="Lake Notoro">Lake Notoro</a> since in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Some populations are not migratory and certain resident groups will stay in well-defined areas, such as in <a href="/wiki/Cook_Inlet" title="Cook Inlet">Cook Inlet</a>, the estuary of the Saint Lawrence River and <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Sound" title="Cumberland Sound">Cumberland Sound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reyes-136">[136]</a> The population in Cook Inlet stays in the waters furthest inside the inlet during the summer until the end of autumn. Then during the winter, they disperse to the deeper water in the center of the inlet, but without completely leaving it.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In April, the animals that spend the winter in the center and southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a> move to the north coast of Alaska and the east coast of Russia.<a href="#cite_note-reyes-136">[136]</a> The populations living in the <a href="/wiki/Ungava_Bay" title="Ungava Bay">Ungava Bay</a> and the eastern and western sides of <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> overwinter together beneath the sea ice in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Strait" title="Hudson Strait">Hudson Strait</a>. Whales in <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a> that spend winter months within the basin, could be a distinct group from those in Hudson Bay.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The populations of the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Laptev_Sea" title="Laptev Sea">Laptev Sea</a> overwinter in the Barents Sea.<a href="#cite_note-reyes-136">[136]</a> In the spring, the groups separate and migrate to their respective summer sites.<a href="#cite_note-reyes-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat">Habitat</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_1_1999-07-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Beluga_1_1999-07-03.jpg/220px-Beluga_1_1999-07-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Beluga_1_1999-07-03.jpg/330px-Beluga_1_1999-07-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Beluga_1_1999-07-03.jpg/440px-Beluga_1_1999-07-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4464" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>Beluga in the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_River_(Hudson_Bay)" title="Churchill River (Hudson Bay)">Churchill River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, Canada</figcaption></figure> Belugas exploit a varied range of habitats; they are most commonly seen in shallow waters close to the coast, but they have also been reported to live for extended periods in deeper water, where they feed and give birth to their young.<a href="#cite_note-reyes-136">[136]</a> In coastal areas, they can be found in <a href="/wiki/Cove" title="Cove">coves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjords</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">bays</a> and shallow waters in the Arctic Ocean that are continuously lit by sunlight.<a href="#cite_note-paine-39">[39]</a> They are also often seen during the summer in river estuaries, where they feed, socialize and give birth to young. These waters usually have a temperature between 8 and 10 °C.<a href="#cite_note-paine-39">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">mudflats</a> of Cook Inlet in Alaska are a popular location for these animals to spend the first few months of summer.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> In the eastern Beaufort Sea, female belugas with their young and immature males prefer the open waters close to land, while the adult males live in waters covered by ice near the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Arctic_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Arctic Archipelago">Canadian Arctic Archipelago</a>. The younger males and females with slightly older young can be found nearer to the ice shelf.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Generally, the use of different habitats in summer reflects differences in feeding habits, risk from predators and reproductive factors for each of the subpopulations.<a href="#cite_note-cms-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2></div> There are currently 22 stocks of beluga whales recognized:<a href="#cite_note-NAMMCO-142">[142]</a> <ol><li>James Bay – 14,500 individuals (belugas remain here all year round)</li> <li>Western Hudson Bay – 55,000 individuals</li> <li>Eastern Hudson Bay – 3,400–3,800 individuals</li> <li>Cumberland Sound – 1,151 individuals</li> <li>Ungava Bay – 32 individuals (maybe functionally extinct)</li> <li>St. Lawrence River Estuary – 889 individuals</li> <li>Eastern Canadian Arctic – 21,400 individuals</li> <li>Southwest Greenland – Extinct</li> <li>Eastern Chukchi Sea – 20,700 individuals</li> <li>Eastern Bering Sea – 7,000–9,200 individuals</li> <li>Eastern Beaufort Sea – 39,300 individuals</li> <li>Bristol Bay – 2,000–3,000 individuals</li> <li>Cook Inlet – 300 individuals</li> <li>White Sea – 5,600 individuals</li> <li>Kara Sea/Laptev Sea/Barents Sea – Data Deficient</li> <li>Ulbansky – 2,300</li> <li>Anadyr – 3,000</li> <li>Shelikhov – 2,666</li> <li>Sakhalin/Amur – 4,000 individuals</li> <li>Tugurskiy – 1,500 individuals</li> <li>Udskaya – 2,500 individuals</li> <li>Svalbard – 549 individuals<a href="#cite_note-Vacquié-Garcia_253–263-7">[7]</a></li></ol> The Yakutat Bay belugas are not considered to be a true stock because they have only been present in these waters since the 1980s, and are believed to be of Cook Inlet origin. It is estimated that less than 20 whales inhabit the bay year-round.<a href="#cite_note-NAMMCO-142">[142]</a> Overall the beluga population is estimated to be 150,000–200,000 animals. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunting">Hunting</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belugas%2BNarwhals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Belugas%2BNarwhals.png/220px-Belugas%2BNarwhals.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Belugas%2BNarwhals.png/330px-Belugas%2BNarwhals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Belugas%2BNarwhals.png/440px-Belugas%2BNarwhals.png 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption>Beluga and narwhal catches</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_caza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Beluga_caza.jpg/220px-Beluga_caza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Beluga_caza.jpg/330px-Beluga_caza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Beluga_caza.jpg/440px-Beluga_caza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Illustration from 1883 showing <a href="/wiki/Dena%27ina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dena'ina">Dena'ina</a> hunting party harpooning a beluga in <a href="/wiki/Cook_Inlet" title="Cook Inlet">Cook Inlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></figcaption></figure> The native populations of the Arctic in Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Russia hunt belugas, for both consumption and profit. Belugas have been easy prey for hunters due to their predictable migration patterns and the high population density in estuaries and surrounding coastal areas during the summer.<a href="#cite_note-ellis-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Present">Present</h4></div> The number of animals killed is about 1,000 per year, (see table below. and its sources). Beluga whale hunting quotas in Canada and the United States are established using the Potential Biological Removal equation PBR = Nmin * 0.5 * Rmax * FR, to determine what constitutes a sustainable hunt. Nmin represents a conservative estimation of the population size, Rmax, represents the maximum rate of population increase and FR represents the recovery factor.<a href="#cite_note-NAMMCO-142">[142]</a> Hunters in Hudson's Bay rarely eat the meat. They give a little to dogs, and leave the rest for wild animals.<a href="#cite_note-hoover-144">[144]</a> Other areas may dry the meat for later consumption by humans. In Greenland the skin (<a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">muktuk</a>) is sold commercially to fish factories,<a href="#cite_note-heide1994-145">[145]</a> and in Canada to other communities.<a href="#cite_note-hoover-144">[144]</a> An average of one or two vertebrae and one or two teeth per beluga are carved and sold.<a href="#cite_note-hoover-144">[144]</a> One estimate of the annual gross value received from Beluga hunts in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> in 2013 was CA$600,000 for 190 belugas, or CA$3,000 per beluga. However, the net income, after subtracting costs in time and equipment, was a loss of CA$60 per person. Hunts receive subsidies, but they continue as a tradition, rather than for the money, and the economic analysis noted that whale watching may be an alternate revenue source. Of the gross income, CA$550,000 was for skin and meat, to replace beef, pork and chickens which would otherwise be bought. CA$50,000 was received for carved vertebrae and teeth.<a href="#cite_note-hoover-144">[144]</a> Russia now harvests 5 to 30 belugas per year for meat and captures an additional 20 to 30 per year for live export to Chinese <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bettridge-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-master-147">[147]</a> However, in 2018, 100 were illegally captured for live export.<a href="#cite_note-kustikova-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-prim-149">[149]</a> Previous levels of commercial whaling have put the species in danger of extinction in areas such as Cook Inlet, Ungava Bay, the St. Lawrence River and western Greenland. Continued hunting by the native peoples may mean some populations will continue to decline. Northern Canadian sites are the focus of discussions between local communities and the Canadian government, with the objective of permitting <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_hunting" title="Sustainable hunting">sustainable hunting</a> that does not put the species at risk of extinction.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The total amount of landed (defined as belugas successfully hunted and retrieved) belugas averages 275 in regard to the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort stocks from 1987 to 2006. The average annual landed harvest of belugas in the Beaufort Sea consisted of 39 individuals while the Chukchi harvest averaged 62 individuals. Bristol bay's annual average landed harvest was 17 while the Bering Sea's was 152. Statistical studies have demonstrated that subsistence hunting in Alaska did not significantly impact the population of the Alaskan beluga whale stocks. The number of belugas struck and lost did not seem to profoundly impact Chukchi and Bering Sea belugas.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Past">Past</h4></div> Commercial whaling by European, American and Russian whalers during the 18th and 19th centuries decreased beluga populations in the Arctic.<a href="#cite_note-ellis-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-boltunov-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-burns-153">[153]</a> The animals were hunted for their meat and blubber, while the Europeans used the oil from the melon as a <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricant</a> for <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clocks</a>, machinery and lighting in <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ellis-143">[143]</a> Mineral oil replaced whale oil in the 1860s, but into the early 20th century the cured skin was still used to make <a href="/wiki/Horse_harness" title="Horse harness">horse harnesses</a> and machine belts for <a href="/wiki/Saw_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Saw mill">saw mills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoelaces" title="Shoelaces">shoelaces</a>. The cured skin is the only cetacean skin that is sufficiently thick to be used as <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, and was used to manufacture some of the first <a href="/wiki/Bulletproof_vests" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletproof vests">bulletproof vests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ellis-143">[143]</a> <a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-encyfr-155">[155]</a> Russia had large hunts, peaking in the 1930s at 4,000 per year and the 1960s at 7,000 per year, for a total of 86,000 from 1915 to 2014.<a href="#cite_note-bettridge-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-boltunov-152">[152]</a> Canada hunted a total of 54,000 from 1731 to 1970.<a href="#cite_note-cmeps-156">[156]</a> Between 1868 and 1911, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> and American whalers killed more than 20,000 belugas in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Sound" title="Lancaster Sound">Lancaster Sound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Davis_Strait" title="Davis Strait">Davis Strait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ellis-143">[143]</a> During the 1920s, fishermen in the Saint Lawrence River estuary considered belugas to be a threat to the fishing industry, as they eat large quantities of cod, salmon, tuna and other fish caught by the local fishermen.<a href="#cite_note-encyfr-155">[155]</a> The presence of belugas in the estuary was, therefore, considered to be undesirable; in 1928, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Quebec" title="Government of Quebec">Government of Quebec</a> offered a reward of 15 dollars for each dead beluga.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The Quebec Department of Fisheries launched a study into the influence of these cetaceans on local fish populations in 1938. The unrestricted killing of belugas continued into the 1950s, when the supposed voracity of the belugas was found to be overestimated and did not adversely affect fish populations.<a href="#cite_note-encyfr-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/L%27Isle-aux-Coudres,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Isle-aux-Coudres, Quebec">L'Isle-aux-Coudres</a> is the setting for the classic 1963 <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> documentary <a href="/wiki/Pour_la_suite_du_monde" title="Pour la suite du monde">Pour la suite du monde</a>, which depicts a one-off resurrection of the beluga hunt; one animal is caught live, and transported by truck to an aquarium in the big city. The method of capture is akin to <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">dolphin drive hunting</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beluga_catches_by_location">Beluga catches by location</h3></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sortable"> <caption class="nowrap">Annual table showing the number of belugas caught in Canada, Russia, Greenland and Alaska each year, from 2016 back to 1954 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Beaufort Sea, Mackenzie, Paulatuk, Ulukhaktok, Canada </th> <th scope="col">Nunavut, Canada </th> <th scope="col">Nunavik, Quebec, Canada </th> <th scope="col">Western Arctic, Russia, hunted for meat </th> <th scope="col">Eastern Arctic, Russia, hunted for meat </th> <th scope="col">Sea of Okhotsk, Russia, hunted for meat </th> <th scope="col">All areas of Russia, live export </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Canada total </th> <th scope="col">Greenland </th> <th scope="col">USSR+ Russia total </th> <th scope="col">US (Alaska) </th> <th scope="col">World total, incomplete </th> <th scope="col">Lost at sea as % of caught </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>157</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2016</td> <td>157</td> <td>246</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>83</td> <td></td> <td>303</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2015</td> <td>386</td> <td>156</td> <td></td> <td>326</td> <td>868</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>136</td> <td></td> <td>302</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>2014</td> <td>438</td> <td>317</td> <td>53</td> <td>346</td> <td>1154</td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>92</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>2013</td> <td>299</td> <td>353</td> <td>53</td> <td>367</td> <td>1072</td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>102</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>44</td> <td>2012</td> <td>309</td> <td>245</td> <td>74</td> <td>360</td> <td>988</td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>33</td> <td>2011</td> <td>279</td> <td>179</td> <td>63</td> <td>288</td> <td>809</td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>30</td> <td>2010</td> <td>301</td> <td>222</td> <td>60</td> <td>318</td> <td>901</td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>102</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>24</td> <td>2009</td> <td>309</td> <td>286</td> <td>54</td> <td>253</td> <td>902</td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>25</td> <td>2008</td> <td>286</td> <td>330</td> <td>55</td> <td>254</td> <td>925</td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>0</td> <td>2007</td> <td>292</td> <td>145</td> <td>30</td> <td>576</td> <td>1043</td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>126</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>20</td> <td>2006</td> <td>333</td> <td>169</td> <td>50</td> <td>226</td> <td>778</td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>108</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>31</td> <td>2005</td> <td>315</td> <td>231</td> <td>61</td> <td>282</td> <td>889</td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>142</td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>25</td> <td>2004</td> <td>349</td> <td>246</td> <td>55</td> <td>234</td> <td>884</td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>125</td> <td>250</td> <td>207</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>26</td> <td>2003</td> <td>582</td> <td>510</td> <td>56</td> <td>251</td> <td>1399</td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td>170</td> <td>210</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>10</td> <td>2002</td> <td>469</td> <td>510</td> <td>40</td> <td>362</td> <td>1381</td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td></td> <td>370</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>22</td> <td>2001</td> <td>466</td> <td>560</td> <td>52</td> <td>416</td> <td>1494</td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>91</td> <td>116</td> <td>243</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>10</td> <td>2000</td> <td>450</td> <td>733</td> <td>40</td> <td>280</td> <td>1503</td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>102</td> <td>207</td> <td>243</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1999</td> <td>552</td> <td>590</td> <td>53</td> <td>217</td> <td>1412</td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>93</td> <td>137</td> <td>243</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1998</td> <td>473</td> <td>873</td> <td>53</td> <td>342</td> <td>1741</td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>123</td> <td>376</td> <td>243</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1997</td> <td>742</td> <td>682</td> <td>53</td> <td>276</td> <td>1753</td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>139</td> <td>203</td> <td>243</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1996</td> <td>585</td> <td>681</td> <td>53</td> <td>389</td> <td>1708</td> <td>16% </td></tr> <tr> <td>143</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1995</td> <td>143</td> <td>960</td> <td>53</td> <td>171</td> <td>1327</td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td>149</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1994</td> <td>149</td> <td>757</td> <td>53</td> <td>285</td> <td>1244</td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>120</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1993</td> <td>120</td> <td>930</td> <td>53</td> <td>369</td> <td>1472</td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>130</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1992</td> <td>130</td> <td>1014</td> <td>53</td> <td>181</td> <td>1378</td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>144</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1991</td> <td>144</td> <td>747</td> <td>53</td> <td>315</td> <td>1259</td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>106</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1990</td> <td>106</td> <td>933</td> <td>53</td> <td>335</td> <td>1427</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>156</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>27</td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1989</td> <td>156</td> <td>816</td> <td>80</td> <td>13</td> <td>1065</td> <td>15% </td></tr> <tr> <td>139</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1988</td> <td>139</td> <td>428</td> <td>60</td> <td>19</td> <td>646</td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>174</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>15</td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1987</td> <td>174</td> <td>928</td> <td>68</td> <td>22</td> <td>1192</td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>199</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>192</td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>1986</td> <td>199</td> <td>973</td> <td>245</td> <td>0</td> <td>1417</td> <td>15% </td></tr> <tr> <td>148</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>248</td> <td>150</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1985</td> <td>148</td> <td>887</td> <td>428</td> <td>0</td> <td>1463</td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td>156</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>850</td> <td>150</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1984</td> <td>156</td> <td>930</td> <td>1030</td> <td>170</td> <td>2286</td> <td>20% </td></tr> <tr> <td>102</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>450</td> <td>150</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1983</td> <td>102</td> <td>888</td> <td>630</td> <td>235</td> <td>1855</td> <td>20% </td></tr> <tr> <td>146</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>116</td> <td>150</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1982</td> <td>146</td> <td>1217</td> <td>296</td> <td>335</td> <td>1994</td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>155</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>294</td> <td>150</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1981</td> <td>155</td> <td>1506</td> <td>474</td> <td>209</td> <td>2344</td> <td>20% </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>368</td> <td>150</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1980</td> <td>85</td> <td>1346</td> <td>548</td> <td>249</td> <td>2228</td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>171</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>200</td> <td>26</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1979</td> <td>171</td> <td>1116</td> <td>256</td> <td>138</td> <td>1681</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>157</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>63</td> <td>26</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1978</td> <td>157</td> <td>1112</td> <td>119</td> <td>177</td> <td>1565</td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>172</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1196</td> <td>26</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1977</td> <td>172</td> <td>1264</td> <td>1252</td> <td>247</td> <td>2935</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>183</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>472</td> <td>26</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1976</td> <td>183</td> <td>1260</td> <td>528</td> <td>186</td> <td>2157</td> <td>28% </td></tr> <tr> <td>177</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>169</td> <td>23</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1975</td> <td>177</td> <td>995</td> <td>222</td> <td>185</td> <td>1579</td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>152</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>194</td> <td>23</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1974</td> <td>152</td> <td>1149</td> <td>247</td> <td>184</td> <td>1732</td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>212</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>288</td> <td>23</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1973</td> <td>212</td> <td>1451</td> <td>341</td> <td>150</td> <td>2154</td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>134</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>288</td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1972</td> <td>134</td> <td>1168</td> <td>318</td> <td>180</td> <td>1800</td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>612</td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1971</td> <td>94</td> <td>913</td> <td>642</td> <td>250</td> <td>1899</td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>137</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>990</td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1970</td> <td>137</td> <td>861</td> <td>1020</td> <td>200</td> <td>2218</td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>302</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1969</td> <td>0</td> <td>1364</td> <td>1032</td> <td>170</td> <td>2566</td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>30</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1968</td> <td>14</td> <td>1490</td> <td>760</td> <td>150</td> <td>2414</td> <td>26% </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>274</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1967</td> <td>40</td> <td>825</td> <td>1004</td> <td>225</td> <td>2094</td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3046</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1966</td> <td>96</td> <td>828</td> <td>3776</td> <td>225</td> <td>4925</td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3614</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1965</td> <td>70</td> <td>595</td> <td>4344</td> <td>225</td> <td>5234</td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5952</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1964</td> <td>45</td> <td>403</td> <td>6682</td> <td>225</td> <td>7355</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2526</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1963</td> <td>94</td> <td>278</td> <td>3256</td> <td>225</td> <td>3853</td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2334</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1962</td> <td>96</td> <td>409</td> <td>3064</td> <td>225</td> <td>3794</td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>145</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3500</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1961</td> <td>145</td> <td>438</td> <td>4230</td> <td>300</td> <td>5113</td> <td>27% </td></tr> <tr> <td>145</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>6444</td> <td>700</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>1960</td> <td>145</td> <td>398</td> <td>7174</td> <td>375</td> <td>8092</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1945</td> <td>700</td> <td>830</td> <td></td> <td>1959</td> <td></td> <td>472</td> <td>3475</td> <td>450</td> <td>4397</td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2103</td> <td>700</td> <td>830</td> <td></td> <td>1958</td> <td></td> <td>411</td> <td>3633</td> <td>450</td> <td>4494</td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>796</td> <td>700</td> <td>830</td> <td></td> <td>1957</td> <td></td> <td>770</td> <td>2326</td> <td>450</td> <td>3546</td> <td>26% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>600</td> <td>700</td> <td>830</td> <td></td> <td>1956</td> <td></td> <td>671</td> <td>2130</td> <td>450</td> <td>3251</td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>329</td> <td>700</td> <td>130</td> <td></td> <td>1955</td> <td></td> <td>507</td> <td>1159</td> <td>450</td> <td>2116</td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>776</td> <td>700</td> <td>130</td> <td></td> <td>1954</td> <td></td> <td>767</td> <td>1606</td> <td>450</td> <td>2823</td> <td>28% </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td data-sort-value="9999">1960–1969<a href="#cite_note-burns-153">[153]</a> 1970–99<a href="#cite_note-harwood-158">[158]</a> 2000–2012<a href="#cite_note-mgmt-159">[159]</a> 2013–15<a href="#cite_note-sar-160">[160]</a> 2014<a href="#cite_note-loseto-161">[161]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">Arviat<a href="#cite_note-suluk-162">[162]</a> </td> <td>1996–2002<a href="#cite_note-kishigami-163">[163]</a> 2003–16<a href="#cite_note-nunatsiak-164">[164]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">1954–99<a href="#cite_note-boltunov-152">[152]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">1954–1985 cites Russian papers<a href="#cite_note-burns-153">[153]</a> </td> <td>NMFS cites Russian paper<a href="#cite_note-bettridge-146">[146]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">Western<a href="#cite_note-boltunov-152">[152]</a> Okhotsk<a href="#cite_note-bettridge-146">[146]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">Sources </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">Total of columns at left, incomplete </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">1954–2016<a href="#cite_note-catch-165">[165]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">Total of columns at left, incomplete </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">1954–84<a href="#cite_note-burns-153">[153]</a> 1987–90 Cook Inlet<a href="#cite_note-stanek-166">[166]</a> 1990–2011<a href="#cite_note-afsc-167">[167]</a> 2012–2015 +Cook Inlet<a href="#cite_note-sar2017-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-sar-draft-169">[169]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">Total of other columns </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">Greenland source 1954–1999, Beaufort source 2000–2012 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predation">Predation</h3></div> During the winter, belugas commonly become trapped in the ice without being able to escape to open water, which may be several kilometres away.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Polar bears take particular advantage of these situations and are able to locate the belugas using their sense of smell. The bears swipe at the belugas and drag them onto the ice to eat them.<a href="#cite_note-audubon-34">[34]</a> They are able to capture large individuals in this way; in one documented incident, a bear weighing between 150 and 180 kg was able to capture a beluga that weighed 935 kg.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Killer whales</a> hunt and eat both young and adult belugas.<a href="#cite_note-audubon-34">[34]</a> They live in all the seas of the world and share the same habitat as belugas in the sub-Arctic region. Attacks on belugas by killer whales have been reported in the waters of Greenland, Russia, Canada and Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-shelden-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> A number of killings have been recorded in Cook Inlet, and experts are concerned the predation by killer whales will impede the recovery of this sub-population, which has already been badly depleted by hunting.<a href="#cite_note-shelden-172">[172]</a> The killer whales arrive at the beginning of August, but the belugas are occasionally able to hear their presence and evade them. The groups near to or under the sea ice have a degree of protection, as the killer whale's large dorsal fin, up to 2 m in length, impedes their movement under the ice and does not allow them to get sufficiently close to the breathing holes in the ice.<a href="#cite_note-paine-39">[39]</a> Beluga whale behavior under killer whale predation makes them vulnerable to hunters. When killer whales are present, large numbers of beluga whales congregate in the shallows for protection, which allows them to be hunted in droves. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contamination">Contamination</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_premier.gov.ru-8.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-8.jpeg/220px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-8.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-8.jpeg/330px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-8.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-8.jpeg/440px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-8.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Russian scientists working on the White Whale Program place transmitters onto whales in Sea of Okhotsk</figcaption></figure> The beluga is considered an excellent <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_species" title="Sentinel species">sentinel species</a> (indicator of environment health and changes), because it is long-lived, at the top of the food web, bears large amounts of fat and blubber, relatively well-studied for a cetacean, and still somewhat common. Human pollution can be a threat to belugas' health when they congregate in river estuaries. Chemical substances such as <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> and heavy metals such as <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a> have been found in individuals of the Saint Lawrence River population.<a href="#cite_note-beland-174">[174]</a> Local beluga carcasses contain so many contaminants, they are treated as toxic waste.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Levels of <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyls" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychlorinated biphenyls">polychlorinated biphenyls</a> between 240 and 800 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> have been found in belugas' <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a>, with the highest levels found in males.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> These levels are significantly greater than those found in Arctic populations.<a href="#cite_note-smith-177">[177]</a> These substances have a proven adverse effect on these cetaceans, as they cause <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancers</a>, reproductive diseases and the deterioration of the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>, making individuals more susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulcer" title="Ulcer">ulcers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyst" title="Cyst">cysts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumour" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumour">tumours</a> and bacterial <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smith-177">[177]</a> Although the populations that inhabit the river estuaries run the greatest risk of contamination, high levels of <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a>, mercury and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> have also been found in the muscles, livers and <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidneys</a> of animals that live in the open sea.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The concentration of mercury in Beaufort Sea belugas tripled from the 1980s to the 1990s, but has decreased in Beaufort belugas as of the 21st century, possibly due to changes in dietary preference. Larger body sized belugas tend to have more mercury than smaller sized belugas, because they spend more time offshore, hunting prey such as cod and shrimp, which have more mercury.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> From a sample of 129 beluga adults from the Saint Lawrence River examined between 1983 and 1999, a total of 27% had suffered cancer.<a href="#cite_note-cancermedvet-180">[180]</a> This is a higher percentage than that documented for other populations of this species and is much higher than for other cetaceans and for the majority of terrestrial mammals; in fact, the rate is only comparable to the levels found in humans and some domesticated animals.<a href="#cite_note-cancermedvet-180">[180]</a> For example, the rate of intestinal cancer in the sample is much higher than for humans. This condition is thought to be directly related to environmental contamination, in this case by <a href="/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon" title="Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, and coincides with the high incidence of this disease in humans residing in the area.<a href="#cite_note-cancermedvet-180">[180]</a> The prevalence of tumours suggests the contaminants identified in the animals that inhabit the estuary are having a direct <a href="/wiki/Carcinogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinogenic">carcinogenic</a> effect or they are at least causing an immunological deterioration that is reducing the inhabitants' resistance to the disease.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Indirect human disturbance may also be a threat. While some populations tolerate small boats, most actively try to avoid ships. <a href="/wiki/Whale-watching" class="mw-redirect" title="Whale-watching">Whale-watching</a> has become a booming activity in the St. Lawrence and Churchill River areas, and acoustic contamination from this activity appears to have an effect on belugas. For example, a correlation appears to exist between the passage of belugas across the mouth of the Saguenay River, which has decreased by 60%, and the increase in the use of recreational motorboats in the area.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> A dramatic decrease has also been recorded in the number of calls between animals (decreasing from 3.4 to 10.5 calls/min to 0 or <1) after exposure to the noise produced by ships, the effect being most persistent and pronounced with larger ships such as <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferries</a> than with smaller boats.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Belugas can detect the presence of large ships (for example <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreakers</a>) up to 50 km away, and they move rapidly in the opposite direction or perpendicular to the ship following the edge of the sea ice for distances of up to 80 km to avoid them. The presence of shipping produces avoidance behaviour, causing deeper dives for feeding, the break-up of groups, and asynchrony in dives.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pathogens">Pathogens</h3></div> As with any animal population, a number of pathogens cause death and disease in belugas, including <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>, which mainly cause skin, intestinal and respiratory infections.<a href="#cite_note-dead-185">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Papillomaviridae" title="Papillomaviridae">Papillomaviruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">herpesviruses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Encephalitis" title="Encephalitis">encephalitis</a> caused by the protozoan <a href="/wiki/Sarcocystis" title="Sarcocystis">Sarcocystis</a> have been found in belugas in the Saint Lawrence River. Cases have been recorded of <a href="/wiki/Ciliate" title="Ciliate">ciliate</a> protozoa colonising the spiracle of certain individuals, but they are not thought to be pathogens or are not very harmful.<a href="#cite_note-dierauf-186">[186]</a>: 26, 303, 359  The bacterium <a href="/wiki/Erysipelothrix_rhusiopathiae" title="Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae">Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</a>, which probably comes from eating infected fish, poses a threat to belugas kept in captivity, causing <a href="/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)" title="Anorexia (symptom)">anorexia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermal">dermal</a> plaques and <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a> that can lead to <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dierauf-186">[186]</a>: 26, 303, 359  This condition can cause death if it is not diagnosed and treated in time with <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotics</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">ciprofloxacin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-dierauf-186">[186]</a>: 316–7  A study of infections caused by <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_worms" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasitic worms">parasitic worms</a> in a number of individuals of both sexes found the presence of larvae from a species from the genus <a href="/wiki/Contracaecum" title="Contracaecum">Contracaecum</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomachs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anisakis" title="Anisakis">Anisakis</a> simplex in their stomachs, Pharurus pallasii in their ear canals, Hadwenius seymouri in their intestines and Leucasiella arctica in their rectums.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_humans">Relationship with humans</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Captivity">Captivity</h3></div> Belugas were among the first whale species to be kept in captivity. The first beluga was shown at <a href="/wiki/Barnum%27s_American_Museum" title="Barnum's American Museum">Barnum's Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1861.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_Tribune-189">[189]</a> For most of the 20th century, Canada was the predominant source for belugas destined for exhibition. Throughout the early 1960s, belugas were taken from the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> estuary. In 1967, the Churchill River estuary became the main source from which belugas were captured. This continued until 1992, when the practice was banned.<a href="#cite_note-cmeps-156">[156]</a> Since then, Russia has become the largest provider.<a href="#cite_note-cmeps-156">[156]</a> Individuals are caught in the Amur River delta and the far eastern seas of the country, and then are either transported domestically to aquaria in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a>, or exported to foreign nations, including China<a href="#cite_note-master-147">[147]</a> and formerly Canada.<a href="#cite_note-cmeps-156">[156]</a> Canada has now banned the practice of holding new animals in captivity.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starkhammar2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Starkhammar2012.png/220px-Starkhammar2012.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Starkhammar2012.png/330px-Starkhammar2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Starkhammar2012.png/440px-Starkhammar2012.png 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption>Beluga aims echolocation beam to choose a spot on an acoustic "touch screen" of hydrophones in the water</figcaption></figure> To provide some enrichment while in captivity, aquaria train belugas to perform behaviours for the public<a href="#cite_note-mysticbelugas-191">[191]</a> and for medical exams, such as blood draws,<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a>,<a href="#cite_note-georgiaultrasound-193">[193]</a> providing toys,<a href="#cite_note-mysticbelugas-191">[191]</a> and allowing the public to play recorded or live music.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Between 1960 and 1992, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> carried out a program that included the study of <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">marine mammals</a>' abilities with echolocation, with the objective of improving the detection of underwater objects. The program started with dolphins, but a large number of belugas were also used from 1975 onwards.<a href="#cite_note-navybel-195">[195]</a> The program included training them to carry equipment and material to divers working under water, the location of lost objects, surveillance of ships and <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>, and underwater monitoring using cameras held in their mouths.<a href="#cite_note-navybel-195">[195]</a> A similar program was implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, in which belugas were also trained for anti<a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mining</a> operations in Arctic waters.<a href="#cite_note-beland-174">[174]</a> It is possible this program continues within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>, as on April 24, 2019, a <a href="/wiki/Hvaldimir" title="Hvaldimir">tame beluga whale wearing a Russian equipment harness</a> was found by fishermen near the Norwegian island of <a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B8ya" title="Ingøya">Ingøya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Belugas released from captivity have difficulties adapting to life in the wild, but if not fed by humans they may have a chance to join a group of wild belugas and learn to feed themselves, according to Audun Rikardsen of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Troms%C3%B8" title="University of Tromsø">University of Tromsø</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> In 2019, a sanctuary in Iceland was established for two belugas, Little White and Little Grey, that retired from a marine park in China. The Sea Life Trust Beluga Whale Sanctuary was created with support from <a href="/wiki/Merlin_Entertainments" title="Merlin Entertainments">Merlin Entertainments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whale_and_Dolphin_Conservation" title="Whale and Dolphin Conservation">Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC)</a>. Merlin bought the park in 2012, as part of an Australian chain, and it is one of their largest aquaria.<a href="#cite_note-ft-198">[198]</a> Merlin has a policy against captive cetaceans, so they sponsored a 32,000-square-metre sea pen as a sanctuary. The 12-year-old belugas, caught in Russia and raised in captivity, do not know how to live in the wild.<a href="#cite_note-pall-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-wong-200">[200]</a> The cost is variously listed as ISK 3,000,000 (US$24,000) or US$27,000,000.<a href="#cite_note-pall-199">[199]</a> Merlin was owned until 2015 by <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackstone Group">Blackstone Group</a>, which also owned <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld" title="SeaWorld">SeaWorld</a><a href="#cite_note-sanct-201">[201]</a> until selling its last stake in 2017 to a Chinese company which will use SeaWorld's expertise to expand in China;<a href="#cite_note-zho-202">[202]</a> SeaWorld still keeps belugas in captivity. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WIKI_SEA_WORLD_FL_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of two white whales cheek-to-cheek with two trainers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WIKI_SEA_WORLD_FL_2.jpg/220px-WIKI_SEA_WORLD_FL_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WIKI_SEA_WORLD_FL_2.jpg/330px-WIKI_SEA_WORLD_FL_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/WIKI_SEA_WORLD_FL_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Beluga whales in an aquarium interacting with trainers</figcaption></figure> Belugas are displayed across North America, Europe and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-cmeps-156">[156]</a> As of 2006, 58 belugas were held in captivity in Canada and the United States, and 42 deaths in US captivity had been reported up to that time. A single specimen costs up to US$100,000, although the price has now dropped to US$70,000.<a href="#cite_note-pfvl-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-cmeps-156">[156]</a> As of January 2018, according to the nonprofit Ceta Base, which tracks belugas and dolphins under human care, there were 81 captive belugas in Canada and the United States, and unknown numbers in the rest of the world.<a href="#cite_note-cetabase-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-pfvl-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-rub-206">[206]</a> The beluga's popularity with visitors reflects its attractive colour and its range of <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">facial expressions</a>. The latter is possible because while most cetacean "smiles" are fixed, the extra movement afforded by the beluga's unfused cervical vertebrae allows a greater range of apparent expression.<a href="#cite_note-Bonner,_W.N._17,_23–24-49">[49]</a> Most belugas found in aquaria are caught in the wild, as captive-breeding programs have not had much success so far.<a href="#cite_note-zoos-207">[207]</a> For example, despite best efforts, as of 2010, only two male whales had been successfully used as stud animals in the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="Association of Zoos and Aquariums">Association of Zoos and Aquariums</a> beluga population, Nanuq at <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a> and Naluark at the <a href="/wiki/Shedd_Aquarium" title="Shedd Aquarium">Shedd Aquarium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, US. Nanuq has fathered 10 calves, five of which survived birth.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Naluark at Shedd Aquarium has fathered four living offspring.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Naluark was relocated to the <a href="/wiki/Mystic_Aquarium" title="Mystic Aquarium">Mystic Aquarium</a> in the hope that he would breed with two of their females,<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> but he did not, and in 2016 he was moved to SeaWorld Orlando.<a href="#cite_note-pedicini-211">[211]</a> The first beluga calf born in captivity in Europe was born in <a href="/wiki/L%27Oceanogr%C3%A0fic" title="L'Oceanogràfic">L'Oceanogràfic</a> marine park in <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain, in November 2006.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> However, the calf died 25 days later after suffering <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolic</a> complications, infections and not being able to feed properly.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> A second calf was born on 16 November 2016, and was successfully maintained by artificial feeding based on enriched milk.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> In 2009 during a free-diving competition in a tank of icy water in <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>, China, a captive beluga brought a cramp-paralysed diver from the bottom of the pool up to the surface by holding her foot in its mouth, saving the diver's life.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> Films which have publicised issues of beluga welfare include Born to Be Free,<a href="#cite_note-b2bf-217">[217]</a> Sonic Sea,<a href="#cite_note-ss-218">[218]</a> and Vancouver Aquarium Uncovered.<a href="#cite_note-vau-219">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whale_watching">Whale watching</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_Whale_Tadoussac_Quebec_Canada_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beluga_Whale_Tadoussac_Quebec_Canada_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/220px-Beluga_Whale_Tadoussac_Quebec_Canada_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beluga_Whale_Tadoussac_Quebec_Canada_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/330px-Beluga_Whale_Tadoussac_Quebec_Canada_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beluga_Whale_Tadoussac_Quebec_Canada_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/440px-Beluga_Whale_Tadoussac_Quebec_Canada_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Beluga at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saguenay_River" title="Saguenay River">Saguenay</a> rivers</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">Whale watching</a> has become an important activity in the recovery of the economies of towns in Quebec and Hudson Bay, near the Saint Lawrence and Churchill Rivers.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The best time to see belugas is during the summer, when they meet in large numbers in the estuaries of the rivers and in their summer habitats.<a href="#cite_note-whatch-221">[221]</a> The animals are easily seen due to their high numbers and their curiosity regarding the presence of humans.<a href="#cite_note-whatch-221">[221]</a> However, the boats' presence poses a threat, as it distracts them from important activities such as feeding, social interaction and reproduction. In addition, the noise produced by the motors has an adverse effect on their auditory function and reduces their ability to detect their prey, communicate and navigate.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> To protect these marine animals during whale-watching activities, the US <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> has published a "Guide for observing marine life". The guide recommends boats carrying the whale watchers keep their distance from the cetaceans and it expressly prohibits chasing, harassing, obstructing, touching, or feeding them.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Some regular migrations do occur into Russian <a href="/wiki/EEZ" class="mw-redirect" title="EEZ">EEZ</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> such as to Rudnaya Bay, where diving with wild belugas became a less-known but popular attraction.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> On 25 September 2018, a beluga was sighted in the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a> and near towns along the <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> side of the Thames, being nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Benny_the_Beluga_Whale" title="Benny the Beluga Whale">Benny</a> by newspapers. The whale, who was noticed by conservationists to be traveling alone, appeared to be separated from the rest of its group, and is thought to be a lost individual. Subsequent sightings were reported on the following day,<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> and continued into 2019, when local experts concluded that Benny had left the estuary.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> On 13 May 2021, two beluga whales were sighted in waters around <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>. One whale entered the <a href="/wiki/Charlottetown" title="Charlottetown">Charlottetown</a> Harbour and travelled up the Hillsborough River to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Stewart,_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Mount Stewart, Prince Edward Island">Mount Stewart, Prince Edward Island</a>. As of 30 May the whale was still sighted in the area.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In August 2022, a beluga was found on the river Seine, France.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_speech">Human speech</h3></div> Male belugas in captivity can mimic the pattern of human speech, several octaves lower than typical whale calls.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> One captive male beluga named <a href="/wiki/NOC_(whale)" title="NOC (whale)">NOC</a>, pronounced "No-see", caused a diver in a tank with him to surface by imitating orders to get out of the water. Subsequent recordings confirmed that NOC had become skilled at imitating the patterns and frequency of human speech, and intentionally altered his normal methods of vocalization to achieve these sounds. After several years, he ceased making these sounds.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_status">Conservation status</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv/220px--Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="121" data-durationhint="980" data-mwtitle="Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="400" data-height="220" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="220" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="220" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv/Beluga_White_Whale_program_eng.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="140" /></video><figcaption>Video explaining conservation efforts in the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a>, Russia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faroe_stamp_329_white_whale_(Delphinapterus_leucas).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of stamp showing two adults and one juvenile, swimming" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Faroe_stamp_329_white_whale_%28Delphinapterus_leucas%29.jpg/220px-Faroe_stamp_329_white_whale_%28Delphinapterus_leucas%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Faroe_stamp_329_white_whale_%28Delphinapterus_leucas%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>Pictured on <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> stamp</figcaption></figure> Prior to 2008, the beluga was listed as "vulnerable" by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN), a higher level of concern. The IUCN cited the stability of the largest sub-populations and improved census methods that indicate a larger population than previously estimated. In 2008, the beluga was reclassified as "near threatened" by the IUCN due to uncertainty about threats to their numbers and the number of belugas over parts of its range (especially the Russian Arctic), and the expectation that if current conservation efforts cease, especially hunting management, the beluga population is likely to qualify for "threatened" status within five years.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> In June 2017, its status was reassessed to "least concern".<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-2">[2]</a> There are about 21 sub-populations of beluga whales and it is estimated that 200,000 individuals still exist, which are listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> However, the nonmigratory Cook Inlet sub-population off the Gulf of Alaska is a separate sub-population that is listed as "critically endangered" by the IUCN as of 2006<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-2">[2]</a> and as "endangered" under the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> as of October 2008.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-2">[2]</a> This was primarily due to unregulated <a href="/wiki/Overharvesting" class="mw-redirect" title="Overharvesting">overharvesting</a> of beluga whales prior to 1998. The population has remained relatively consistent, though the reported harvest has been small. As of 2016, the estimated abundance of the endangered Cook Inlet population was 293 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-:1-237">[237]</a> The most recent estimate in 2018 by NOAA Fisheries suggested that the population declined to 279 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-:1-237">[237]</a> Despite beluga whales not being threatened overall, sub-populations are being listed as critically endangered and are facing increased mortality from human actions. For example, even though commercial hunting is now banned due to the Marine Mammal Protection Act, beluga whales are still being hunted to preserve the livelihood of native Alaskan communities.<a href="#cite_note-Fisheries-238">[238]</a> The IUCN and NOAA Fisheries cite habitat degradation, oil and gas drilling, underwater noise, harvesting for consumption and climate change as threats to the prolonged survival of beluga whale sub-populations.<a href="#cite_note-Fisheries-238">[238]</a> Beluga whale populations are currently being harvested at levels which are not sustainable and it is difficult for those harvesting beluga whales to know which sub-population they are from.<a href="#cite_note-:0-239">[239]</a> Because there is little protection of sub-populations, harvest will need to be managed to ensure sub-populations will survive long into the future to discover the importance of their migratory patterns and habitat use. Beluga whales, like most other arctic species, are being faced with alteration of their habitat due to climate change and melting arctic ice.<a href="#cite_note-:0-239">[239]</a> Changes in sea-ice has resulted in changes in the area used by Chukchi belugas, since belugas spent less time in close proximity to the ice edge in comparison to previous years. Additionally, Chukchi Sea belugas spent a prolonged amount of time in Barrow Canyon on the Beaufort Sea side in October. Chukchi sea belugas also appear to be spending more time in deeper water presently, as opposed to the 1990s. Belugas also seemed to be taking longer and deeper dives. A hypothesis as to why this might be the case is an up-welling of rich Atlantic water in the Beaufort Sea may result in concentrated prey items like Arctic cod. The fall migration of Chukchi belugas is later, although summer and fall habitat selection has not changed. Fall migration of Chukchi belugas appears to be correlated with Beaufort Sea freeze up.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> It is hypothesized that beluga whales utilize ice as protection from killer whale predation or for feeding on schools of fish.<a href="#cite_note-:2-241">[241]</a> Killer whales can penetrate further into the Arctic and remain in arctic waters for a longer period of time due to reductions in sea ice. For example, residents in Kotzebue, have reported that killer whales have been sighted more frequently in Kotzebue Sound. As annual ice cover declines, humans may gain access and disrupt beluga whale habitats.<a href="#cite_note-:2-241">[241]</a> For example, the number of vessels in the Arctic for gas and oil exploration, fishing, and commercial shipping has already increased and a continuous trend may lead to higher risks of injuries and deaths for beluga whales.<a href="#cite_note-:2-241">[241]</a> In addition, it is possible that beluga whales may face by an increased risk of entrapment from leads and cracks freezing, due to the erratic nature of climate change. Abrupt changes in weather can cause these leads and cracks to freeze ultimately causing the whales to die of suffocation.<a href="#cite_note-:0-239">[239]</a> An increase in urbanization will likely lead to higher concentrations of toxic pollutants in the blubber of beluga whales since they are at the top of the food chain and are affected by bio-accumulation.<a href="#cite_note-:2-241">[241]</a> Loss of sea ice and a change in ocean temperatures may also affect the distribution and composition of prey or affect their competition.<a href="#cite_note-:2-241">[241]</a> There is also some evidence that climate change can affect males and females differently. Since 1983, belugas have been increasingly scarce in Kotzebue sound. However, in 2007, several hundred whales were spotted in the sound, with over 90% of the whales being male. However, more research needs to be conducted to understand how climate change affects beluga whale sex aggregation.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_protection">Legal protection</h3></div> The US Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Mammal_Protection_Act_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972">Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972</a>, outlawing the persecution and hunting of all marine mammals within US coastal waters. The act has been amended a number of times to permit subsistence hunting by native peoples, temporary capture of restricted numbers for research, education and public display, and to decriminalise the accidental capture of individuals during fishing operations.<a href="#cite_note-mmpa-243">[243]</a> The act also states that all whales in US territorial waters are under the jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service, a division of NOAA.<a href="#cite_note-mmpa-243">[243]</a> To prevent hunting, belugas are protected under the 1986 International Moratorium on Commercial Whaling; however, hunting of small numbers of belugas is still allowed. Since it is very difficult to know the exact population of belugas because their habitats include inland waters away from the ocean, they easily come in contact with <a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil and gas">oil and gas</a> development centres. To prevent whales from coming in contact with industrial waste, the Alaskan and Canadian governments are relocating sites where whales and waste come in contact. The beluga whale is listed on appendix II<a href="#cite_note-Appendices-244">[244]</a> of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). It is listed on appendix II<a href="#cite_note-Appendices-244">[244]</a> as it has an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements. All toothed whales are protected under the <a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> that was signed in 1973 to regulate the international import and export of certain species.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> The isolated beluga population in the Saint Lawrence River has been legally protected since 1983.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> In 1988 <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada" title="Fisheries and Oceans Canada">Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>, a governmental agency that supervises national parks, implemented the Saint Lawrence Action Plan<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> with the aim of reducing industrial contamination by 90% by 1993; as of 1992, the emissions had been reduced by 59%. The population of the St. Lawrence belugas decreased from 10,000 in 1885 to around 1,000 in the 1980 and around 900 in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation_research_in_managed_care_facilities">Conservation research in managed care facilities</h3></div> As of 2015, there were 33 individuals housed in managed care facilities in North America.<a href="#cite_note-:3-249">[249]</a> These facilities are members of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, aiming to understand the complex reproductive physiology of this species to improve their conservation. With the extreme difficulty of studying beluga whales in the wild and the lack of ability to collect biological samples or perform examinations on individuals, managed care facilities play a critical role.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Managed care facilities in North America have been able to work cooperatively to build upon the research of beluga whale reproduction and have made remarkable advances. Using operant conditioning, these facilities have trained beluga whales for voluntary biological sampling and examinations. Blood,<a href="#cite_note-:4-251">[251]</a> urine,<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> and blow samples<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> have all been collected for longitudinal hormone monitoring studies. In addition, beluga whales have undergone semen collection,<a href="#cite_note-:3-249">[249]</a> body temperature data collection,<a href="#cite_note-:4-251">[251]</a> reproductive tract examinations via transabdominal ultrasound, and endoscopic exams.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> With new technology, the reproductive characteristics of both the female and male beluga whale have been accurately described and has benefited captive breeding programs globally. As more research is done, the management of beluga whales in managed care facilities can be greatly improved and may even help develop other cetacean breeding and contraceptive programs, such as that of the bottlenose dolphin.<a href="#cite_note-:3-249">[249]</a> Through fetal health and gestation monitoring, facilities can be more equipped to deal with pregnant animals as well.<a href="#cite_note-:4-251">[251]</a> While training has been done to collect beluga whale semen, only few facilities have been able to successfully do so as both saltwater and urine contamination need to be avoided.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Improvement of this process will help increase the success of captive breeding programs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A2choire_de_b%C3%A9louga_grav%C3%A9e.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/M%C3%A2choire_de_b%C3%A9louga_grav%C3%A9e.JPG/220px-M%C3%A2choire_de_b%C3%A9louga_grav%C3%A9e.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/M%C3%A2choire_de_b%C3%A9louga_grav%C3%A9e.JPG/330px-M%C3%A2choire_de_b%C3%A9louga_grav%C3%A9e.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/M%C3%A2choire_de_b%C3%A9louga_grav%C3%A9e.JPG/440px-M%C3%A2choire_de_b%C3%A9louga_grav%C3%A9e.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Engravings on beluga bones</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Pour_la_suite_du_monde" title="Pour la suite du monde">Pour la suite du monde</a>, is a Canadian documentary film released in 1963 about traditional beluga hunting carried out by the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/L%27Isle-aux-Coudres" title="L'Isle-aux-Coudres">L'Isle-aux-Coudres</a> on the Saint Lawrence River.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The children's singer <a href="/wiki/Raffi_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raffi (musician)">Raffi</a> released an album called <a href="/wiki/Baby_Beluga" title="Baby Beluga">Baby Beluga</a> in 1980. The album starts with the sound of whales communicating, and includes songs representing the ocean and whales playing. The song "Baby Beluga" was composed after Raffi saw a recently born beluga calf in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Aquarium" title="Vancouver Aquarium">Vancouver Aquarium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> The fuselage design of the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_Beluga" title="Airbus Beluga">Airbus Beluga</a>, one of the world's biggest cargo planes, is very similar to that of a beluga. It was originally called the Super Transporter, but the nickname Beluga became more popular and was then officially adopted.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> The company paints the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Airbus_Beluga_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus Beluga XL">Beluga XL</a> version to emphasize the plane's similarity to the Beluga whale.<a href="#cite_note-ohare-259">[259]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_XL_(52297648297).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Beluga_XL_%2852297648297%29.jpg/220px-Beluga_XL_%2852297648297%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Beluga_XL_%2852297648297%29.jpg/330px-Beluga_XL_%2852297648297%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Beluga_XL_%2852297648297%29.jpg/440px-Beluga_XL_%2852297648297%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3502" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Airbus_BelugaXL" title="Airbus BelugaXL">Airbus BelugaXL</a></figcaption></figure> In the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a> animated film <a href="/wiki/Finding_Dory" title="Finding Dory">Finding Dory</a>, the sequel to <a href="/wiki/Finding_Nemo" title="Finding Nemo">Finding Nemo</a> (2003), the character Bailey is a beluga whale and its echolocation abilities are a significant part of the plot.<a href="#cite_note-mccarthy-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-THRcast-261">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cetaceans" title="List of cetaceans">List of cetaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cetaceans" title="List of individual cetaceans">List of individual cetaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvaldimir" title="Hvaldimir">Hvaldimir</a>, Beluga whale that made international headlines in April 2019 after being discovered wearing a camera strap on his back near <a href="/wiki/Hammerfest" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammerfest">Hammerfest</a>, Norway, subsequently taking residence in the town's harbour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">Marine biology</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-msw3-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msw3_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-msw3_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-msw3_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Cognitive Science. 143. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030131945/http://www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~johnson/text/Friedman_BelugaOverview.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cognitive+Science&rft.atitle=Environmental+Adaptations+of+the+Beluga+Whale+%28Delphinapterus+leucas%29&rft.volume=143&rft.date=2006-06&rft.au=Friedman+W.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cogsci.ucsd.edu%2F~johnson%2Ftext%2FFriedman_BelugaOverview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-moult-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moult_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moult_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Aubin,_D._J.Smith,_T._G.Geraci,_J._R.1990" class="citation journal cs1">St. Aubin, D. J.; Smith, T. G.; Geraci, J. R. (1990). "Seasonal Epidermal Molt in Beluga Whales, Delphinapterus leucas". 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Winnetka IL: Hill-Fay Associates. p. 621. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ASAJ...86.2044F">1989ASAJ...86.2044F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.398550">10.1121/1.398550</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9618559-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9618559-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9618559-0-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514191450/https://books.google.com/books?id=DoJwQgAACAAJ&pg=PA621">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearing+in+Vertebrates%3A+a+Psychophysics+Databook&rft.place=Winnetka+IL&rft.pages=621&rft.pub=Hill-Fay+Associates&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1121%2F1.398550&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989ASAJ...86.2044F&rft.isbn=978-0-9618559-0-1&rft.au=Fay%2C+R.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDoJwQgAACAAJ%26pg%3DPA621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson,_Harry_F1967" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Harry F (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=prLDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA249">Music, Physics and Engineering</a>. Dover Journals. p. 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-21769-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-21769-7"><bdi>978-0-486-21769-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514191447/https://books.google.com/books?id=prLDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA249">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music%2C+Physics+and+Engineering&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=Dover+Journals&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-486-21769-7&rft.au=Olson%2C+Harry+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DprLDAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-senses-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-senses_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-senses_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSea_World.org" class="citation web cs1">Sea World.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619233050/http://seaworld.org/infobooks/Beluga/besenses.html">"Beluga Whales – Senses"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Beluga/besenses.html">the original</a> on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beluga+Whales+%E2%80%93+Senses&rft.au=Sea+World.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaworld.org%2Finfobooks%2FBeluga%2Fbesenses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-herman-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-herman_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-herman_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-herman_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-herman_60-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman,_Louis1988" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Louis (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShwXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA480">Cetacean Behavior: Mechanisms and Functions</a>. Nueva York: John Wiley and Sons. p. 480. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89464-272-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89464-272-2"><bdi>978-0-89464-272-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514191444/https://books.google.com/books?id=ShwXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA480">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cetacean+Behavior%3A+Mechanisms+and+Functions&rft.place=Nueva+York&rft.pages=480&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-89464-272-2&rft.au=Herman%2C+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DShwXAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katona-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Katona_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katona_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katona_61-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katona_61-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatona,_Steven_K.Valerie_RoughDavid_T._Richardson1993" class="citation book cs1">Katona, Steven K.; Valerie Rough & David T. 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Ithaca, Nueva York: Cornell University Press. p. 511. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1161-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1161-8"><bdi>978-0-8014-1161-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514191448/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywcXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA511">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0725e/t0725e00.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FAO+Species+identification+guide.+Marine+mammals+of+the+world&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=UNEP+%2F+FAO%2C+Rome&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Jefferson&rft.aufirst=TA&rft.au=Leatherwood%2C+S&rft.au=Webber%2C+MA&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2Ffao%2F009%2Ft0725e%2Ft0725e00.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_65-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">MacDonald, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XFgVnwEACAAJ&pg=PA895">"Beluga whale"</a>. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Nueva York: Facts on File, Inc. p. 895. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-871-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-871-5"><bdi>978-0-87196-871-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beluga+whale&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Mammals&rft.place=Nueva+York&rft.pages=895&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87196-871-5&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXFgVnwEACAAJ%26pg%3DPA895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSjare,_Becky_L.Thomas_G._Smith1986" class="citation journal cs1">Sjare, Becky L. & Thomas G. Smith (1986). "The Relationship Between Behavioral Activity and Underwater Vocalizations of the White Whale, Delphinapterus leucas". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64 (12): 2824–2831. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986CaJZ...64.2824S">1986CaJZ...64.2824S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fz86-406">10.1139/z86-406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+Between+Behavioral+Activity+and+Underwater+Vocalizations+of+the+White+Whale%2C+Delphinapterus+leucas&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2824-2831&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fz86-406&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986CaJZ...64.2824S&rft.au=Sjare%2C+Becky+L.&rft.au=Thomas+G.+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-behavior-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-behavior_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-behavior_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSea_World.org" class="citation web cs1">Sea World.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619233419/http://seaworld.org/infobooks/Beluga/bebehavior.html">"Beluga Whales – Behavior"</a>. 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National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, Washington, USA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100615034512/https://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/protectedresources/whales/beluga/reports/habitatuse012507.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Marine+Mammal+Laboratory%2C+Alaska+Fisheries+Science+Center%2C+NMFS%2C+NOAA%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Habitat+use+in+a+marine+ecosystem%3A+beluga+whales+Delphinapterus+leucas+in+Cook+Inlet%2C+Alaska&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft.au=Goetz%2C+Kimberly+T.&rft.au=Rugh%2C+David+J.&rft.au=Read%2C+Andrew+J.&rft.au=Hobbs%2C+Roderick+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alaskafisheries.noaa.gov%2Fprotectedresources%2Fwhales%2Fbeluga%2Freports%2Fhabitatuse012507.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoseto,_L.L.Richard,_P.Stern,_G.A.Orr,_J.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Loseto, L.L.; Richard, P.; Stern, G.A.; Orr, J.; Ferguson, S.H. 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The Lyons Press. p. 560. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55821-696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55821-696-9"><bdi>978-1-55821-696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514191454/https://books.google.com/books?id=kygGAAAACAAJ&pg=PA560">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. 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Arctic. 66: 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14430%2Farctic4261">10.14430/arctic4261</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59126947">59126947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+Economic+Value+of+Narwhal+and+Beluga+Hunts+in+Hudson+Bay%2C+Nunavut&rft.volume=66&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14430%2Farctic4261&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59126947%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Bailey%2C+M&rft.au=Higdon%2C+J&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+SH&rft.au=Sumalia%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.14430%252Farctic4261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-heide1994-145"><a href="#cite_ref-heide1994_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeide-Jørgensen1994" class="citation journal cs1">Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter (January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285286297">"Distribution, exploitation and population status of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in West Greenland"</a>. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience. 39: 135–149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7146%2Fmogbiosci.v39.142541">10.7146/mogbiosci.v39.142541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meddelelser+om+Gr%C3%B8nland%2C+Bioscience&rft.atitle=Distribution%2C+exploitation+and+population+status+of+white+whales+%28Delphinapterus+leucas%29+and+narwhals+%28Monodon+monoceros%29+in+West+Greenland&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=135-149&rft.date=1994-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7146%2Fmogbiosci.v39.142541&rft.aulast=Heide-J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.aufirst=Mads+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F285286297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bettridge-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bettridge_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bettridge_146-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bettridge_146-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bettridge_146-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBettridge2016" class="citation web cs1">Bettridge, Shannon, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Melissa Andersen Garcia, Rod C. Hobbs, Cheri L. McCarty, Richard D. Methot Jr., Debra L. Palka, Patricia E. Rosel, Kathryn S. Swails, and Barbara L. Taylor (1 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swfsc.noaa.gov/publications/CR/2016/2016Bettridge.pdf">"Status Review of the Sakhalin Bay-Amur River Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) under the Marine Mammal Protection Act"</a> (PDF). cites Shpak, Meschersky, Hobbs, Andrews, Glazov, Chelintsev, Kuznetsova, Solovyev, Nazarenko, Michaud, and Mukhametov. 2011. Current status of the Sakhalin-Amur beluga aggregation (The Okhotsk Sea, Russia): sustainability assessment. Report for 2007–2010 stages: Report presented at IUCN Independent Scientific Review Panel, Chicago, 6–7 March 2011 (unpublished). 68p and 5 Appendices. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170430213702/http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/documents/status_review_of_sakhalin_bay-amur_river_beluga_whale.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cites+Shpak%2C+Meschersky%2C+Hobbs%2C+Andrews%2C+Glazov%2C+Chelintsev%2C+Kuznetsova%2C+Solovyev%2C+Nazarenko%2C+Michaud%2C+and+Mukhametov.+2011.+Current+status+of+the+Sakhalin-Amur+beluga+aggregation+%28The+Okhotsk+Sea%2C+Russia%29%3A+sustainability+assessment.+Report+for+2007%E2%80%932010+stages%3A+Report+presented+at+IUCN+Independent+Scientific+Review+Panel%2C+Chicago%2C+6%E2%80%937+March+2011+%28unpublished%29.+68p+and+5+Appendices.&rft.atitle=Status+Review+of+the+Sakhalin+Bay-Amur+River+Beluga+Whale+%28Delphinapterus+leucas%29+under+the+Marine+Mammal+Protection+Act&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=Bettridge&rft.aufirst=Shannon%2C+Robert+L.+Brownell+Jr.%2C+Melissa+Andersen+Garcia%2C+Rod+C.+Hobbs%2C+Cheri+L.+McCarty%2C+Richard+D.+Methot+Jr.%2C+Debra+L.+Palka%2C+Patricia+E.+Rosel%2C+Kathryn+S.+Swails%2C+and+Barbara+L.+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswfsc.noaa.gov%2Fpublications%2FCR%2F2016%2F2016Bettridge.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) This table uses their "high" estimate, since they say, page 23: "The high take scenario is considered the better of the two because it accounts for times when takes are known to have occurred but are not documented. Additionally, we did not account for beluga whales that are struck and lost because these data are not available, so the high take option may even be an underestimate." </li> <li id="cite_note-master-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-master_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-master_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaster2018" class="citation news cs1">Master, Farah (20 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-marineparks-insight/tidal-wave-of-chinese-marine-parks-fuels-murky-cetacean-trade-idUSKCN1M00OC">"Tidal wave of Chinese marine parks fuels murky cetacean trade"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118081441/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-marineparks-insight/tidal-wave-of-chinese-marine-parks-fuels-murky-cetacean-trade-idUSKCN1M00OC">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tidal+wave+of+Chinese+marine+parks+fuels+murky+cetacean+trade&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft.aulast=Master&rft.aufirst=Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-marineparks-insight%2Ftidal-wave-of-chinese-marine-parks-fuels-murky-cetacean-trade-idUSKCN1M00OC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kustikova-148"><a href="#cite_ref-kustikova_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKustikova2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kustikova, Alisa (8 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novayagazeta.ru/articles/2018/11/09/78512-eto-kak-sizo">"It's like a detention center!, "Это как СИЗО!""</a>. Новая газета – Novayagazeta.ru (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003728/https://www.novayagazeta.ru/articles/2018/11/09/78512-eto-kak-sizo">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+Novayagazeta.ru&rft.atitle=It%27s+like+a+detention+center%21%2C+%22%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%97%D0%9E%21%22&rft.date=2018-11-08&rft.aulast=Kustikova&rft.aufirst=Alisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novayagazeta.ru%2Farticles%2F2018%2F11%2F09%2F78512-eto-kak-sizo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prim-149"><a href="#cite_ref-prim_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123195119/https://www.novayagazeta.ru/news/2018/11/23/147025-v-primorie-sud-nalozhil-arest-na-kosatok-i-beluh-v-buhte-pod-nahodkoy">"In Primorye, the court arrested killer whales and belugas in the case of the illegal export of mammals abroad, В Приморье суд арестовал косаток и белух по делу о незаконном вывозе млекопитающих за границу"</a>. Новая газета – Novayagazeta.ru (in Russian). 23 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novayagazeta.ru/news/2018/11/23/147025-v-primorie-sud-nalozhil-arest-na-kosatok-i-beluh-v-buhte-pod-nahodkoy">the original</a> on 23 November 2018. 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Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Mammal+Stock+Assessment+Reports+%28SARs%29+by+Region&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fisheries.noaa.gov%2Fnational%2Fmarine-mammal-protection%2Fmarine-mammal-stock-assessment-reports-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> includes struck and lost. </li> <li id="cite_note-loseto-161"><a href="#cite_ref-loseto_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLosetoBrewsterOstertagSnow2018" class="citation journal cs1">Loseto, Lisa L.; Brewster, Jasmine D.; Ostertag, Sonja K.; Snow, Kathleen; MacPhee, Shannon A.; McNicholl, Darcy G.; Choy, Emily S.; Giraldo, Carolina; Hornby, Claire A. 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Retrieved 24 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic+Science&rft.atitle=Diet+and+feeding+observations+from+an+unusual+beluga+harvest+in+2014+near+Ulukhaktok%2C+Northwest+Territories%2C+Canada&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=421-431&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1807%2F88141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fas-2017-0046&rft.aulast=Loseto&rft.aufirst=Lisa+L.&rft.au=Brewster%2C+Jasmine+D.&rft.au=Ostertag%2C+Sonja+K.&rft.au=Snow%2C+Kathleen&rft.au=MacPhee%2C+Shannon+A.&rft.au=McNicholl%2C+Darcy+G.&rft.au=Choy%2C+Emily+S.&rft.au=Giraldo%2C+Carolina&rft.au=Hornby%2C+Claire+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchimer.ifremer.fr%2Fdoc%2F00428%2F53927%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-suluk-162"><a href="#cite_ref-suluk_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuluk2008" class="citation journal cs1">Suluk, Thomas K. and Blakney, Sherrie L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic61-S-62.pdf">"Land Claims and Resistance to the Management of Harvester Activities in Nunavut"</a> (PDF). Arctic. 61 (5): 62–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14430%2Farctic102">10.14430/arctic102</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10535%2F5552">10535/5552</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921214017/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/arctic61-s-62.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2017 – via University of Calgary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic&rft.atitle=Land+Claims+and+Resistance+to+the+Management+of+Harvester+Activities+in+Nunavut&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=62-70&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10535%2F5552&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14430%2Farctic102&rft.aulast=Suluk&rft.aufirst=Thomas+K.+and+Blakney%2C+Sherrie+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.aina.ucalgary.ca%2Farctic%2FArctic61-S-62.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-kishigami-163"><a href="#cite_ref-kishigami_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKishigami2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kishigami, Noboru (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=2673&item_no=1&attribute_id=18&file_no=1">"Co-Management of Beluga Whales in Nunavik (Arctic Quebec), Canada"</a>. Senri Ethnological Studies. 67: 121–144. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503204950/https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=2673&item_no=1&attribute_id=18&file_no=1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Senri+Ethnological+Studies&rft.atitle=Co-Management+of+Beluga+Whales+in+Nunavik+%28Arctic+Quebec%29%2C+Canada&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=121-144&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Kishigami&rft.aufirst=Noboru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp%2F%3Faction%3Drepository_action_common_download%26item_id%3D2673%26item_no%3D1%26attribute_id%3D18%26file_no%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nunatsiak-164"><a href="#cite_ref-nunatsiak_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2016" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Sarah (22 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/65674nunaviks_beluga_season_closes_early/">"Nunatsiaq News 2016-08-22: NEWS: Nunavik's beluga season closes early"</a>. Nunatsiaq News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712214301/http://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/65674nunaviks_beluga_season_closes_early/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nunatsiaq+News&rft.atitle=Nunatsiaq+News+2016-08-22%3A+NEWS%3A+Nunavik%27s+beluga+season+closes+early&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnunatsiaq.com%2Fstories%2Farticle%2F65674nunaviks_beluga_season_closes_early%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-catch-165"><a href="#cite_ref-catch_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeide-Jorgensen2017" class="citation book cs1">Heide-Jorgensen, M.P. and E. Garde (1 March 2017). Catch statistics for belugas in Greenland 1862 to 2016 – via NAMMCO/JCNB Joint Working Group on narwhals and belugas, Copenhagen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catch+statistics+for+belugas+in+Greenland+1862+to+2016&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.aulast=Heide-Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=M.P.+and+E.+Garde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> Paper is not online. This table uses their "high" estimate (which includes struck and lost), without harvests from ice entrapments (which would die even if not harvested). </li> <li id="cite_note-stanek-166"><a href="#cite_ref-stanek_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanek1994" class="citation web cs1">Stanek, Ronald (1 July 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/techpap/tp232.pdf">"The Subsistence Use of Beluga Whale in Cook Inlet by Alaska Natives, 1993"</a> (PDF). Alaska Dept of Fish and Game. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809062040/http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/TechPap/tp232.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alaska+Dept+of+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=The+Subsistence+Use+of+Beluga+Whale+in+Cook+Inlet+by+Alaska+Natives%2C+1993&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.aulast=Stanek&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adfg.alaska.gov%2Ftechpap%2Ftp232.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afsc-167"><a href="#cite_ref-afsc_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/maps/ESSR/subsistence/default.htm">"Participation in subsistence fishing by residents-Beluga harvested by residents (downloadable data)"</a>. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212632/https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/maps/ESSR/subsistence/default.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2018. 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U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 31 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428225802/https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-mammal-protection/draft-marine-mammal-stock-assessment-reports">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. 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McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415040930/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic26-2-162.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2010. 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Retrieved 21 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iceland+Review&rft.atitle=Beluga+Whales+Train+for+Sanctuary+in+Iceland&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft.aulast=%C3%81stvaldsson&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B3hann+P%C3%A1ll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficelandreview.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F06%2F28%2Fbeluga-whales-train-sanctuary-iceland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wong-200"><a href="#cite_ref-wong_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2018" class="citation news cs1">Wong, Li Za (10 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005500/https://www.star2.com/living/2018/07/10/worlds-first-open-water-sanctuary-for-beluga-whales-in-iceland-to-open-in-spring-2019/">"World's First Open Water Sanctuary For Beluga Whales To Open Spring 2019 In Iceland"</a>. Star2.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.star2.com/living/2018/07/10/worlds-first-open-water-sanctuary-for-beluga-whales-in-iceland-to-open-in-spring-2019/">the original</a> on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star2.com&rft.atitle=World%27s+First+Open+Water+Sanctuary+For+Beluga+Whales+To+Open+Spring+2019+In+Iceland&rft.date=2018-07-10&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Li+Za&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star2.com%2Fliving%2F2018%2F07%2F10%2Fworlds-first-open-water-sanctuary-for-beluga-whales-in-iceland-to-open-in-spring-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanct-201"><a href="#cite_ref-sanct_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMountain2017" class="citation web cs1">Mountain, Michael (15 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whalesanctuaryproject.org/merlin-entertainment-seeks-move-belugas-sanctuary/">"Merlin Entertainment Seeks to Move Belugas to Sanctuary"</a>. The Whale Sanctuary Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121204121/https://whalesanctuaryproject.org/merlin-entertainment-seeks-move-belugas-sanctuary/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Whale+Sanctuary+Project&rft.atitle=Merlin+Entertainment+Seeks+to+Move+Belugas+to+Sanctuary&rft.date=2017-06-15&rft.aulast=Mountain&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhalesanctuaryproject.org%2Fmerlin-entertainment-seeks-move-belugas-sanctuary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zho-202"><a href="#cite_ref-zho_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/animaux/animaux-marins/les-parcs-a-theme-controverses-seaworld-arrivent-bientot-en-asie_111629">"Les parcs à thème controversés SeaWorld arrivent bientôt en Asie"</a>. Sciences et Avenir (in French). 27 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813203608/https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/animaux/animaux-marins/les-parcs-a-theme-controverses-seaworld-arrivent-bientot-en-asie_111629">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sciences+et+Avenir&rft.atitle=Les+parcs+%C3%A0+th%C3%A8me+controvers%C3%A9s+SeaWorld+arrivent+bient%C3%B4t+en+Asie&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencesetavenir.fr%2Fanimaux%2Fanimaux-marins%2Fles-parcs-a-theme-controverses-seaworld-arrivent-bientot-en-asie_111629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pfvl-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pfvl_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pfvl_203-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portofranko-vl.ru/ru/publication/beluhi-uplyli-v-kitay">"Belugas "floated away" to China. Белухи "уплыли" в Китай. За что задержан директор ФГБНУ "ТИНРО-Центр" Лев Бочаров?"</a>. Porto Franko, Vladivostok. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181124055024/http://portofranko-vl.ru/ru/publication/beluhi-uplyli-v-kitay">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Porto+Franko%2C+Vladivostok&rft.atitle=Belugas+%22floated+away%22+to+China.+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8+%22%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8%22+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9.+%D0%97%D0%B0+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%A4%D0%93%D0%91%D0%9D%D0%A3+%22%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%A0%D0%9E-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%22+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportofranko-vl.ru%2Fru%2Fpublication%2Fbeluhi-uplyli-v-kitay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> Article says belugas cost USD 70,000 or 60,000, while orcas cost USD 7 million, while another article says orcas cost USD 1 million (RUB 67 million) </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2018/09/14/77814-orfey-2005-g-r-1-sht-gratsiya-2009-g-r-1-sht">"Косатка на миллион"</a>. Novayagazeta.ru. 14 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123141257/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2018/09/14/77814-orfey-2005-g-r-1-sht-gratsiya-2009-g-r-1-sht">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novayagazeta.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovayagazeta.ru%2Farticles%2F2018%2F09%2F14%2F77814-orfey-2005-g-r-1-sht-gratsiya-2009-g-r-1-sht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cetabase-205"><a href="#cite_ref-cetabase_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122092201/http://www.cetabase.org/captive/cetacean/us-canada">"Ceta Base – Captive Cetacean Database – Cetacean Inventory • U.S. & Canada"</a>. cetabase.org. 31 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cetabase.org/captive/cetacean/us-canada">the original</a> on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cetabase.org&rft.atitle=Ceta+Base+%E2%80%93+Captive+Cetacean+Database+%E2%80%93+Cetacean+Inventory+%E2%80%A2+U.S.+%26+Canada&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cetabase.org%2Fcaptive%2Fcetacean%2Fus-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rub-206"><a href="#cite_ref-rub_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.whales.org/news/2017/03/arrests-made-in-russia-following-illegal-whale-trafficking-scandal">"Arrests made in Russia following illegal whale trafficking scandal"</a>. WDC, Whale and Dolphin Conservation. 21 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418141902/https://uk.whales.org/2017/03/21/arrests-made-in-russia-following-illegal-whale-trafficking-scandal/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WDC%2C+Whale+and+Dolphin+Conservation&rft.atitle=Arrests+made+in+Russia+following+illegal+whale+trafficking+scandal&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.whales.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F03%2Farrests-made-in-russia-following-illegal-whale-trafficking-scandal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zoos-207"><a href="#cite_ref-zoos_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210101419/http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/aquatic-mammals-1254385523/delphinapterus-leucas">"Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)Facts – Distribution – In the Zoo"</a>. WAZA : World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/aquatic-mammals-1254385523/delphinapterus-leucas">the original</a> on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beluga+%28Delphinapterus+leucas%29Facts+%E2%80%93+Distribution+%E2%80%93+In+the+Zoo&rft.pub=WAZA+%3A+World+Association+of+Zoos+and+Aquariums&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waza.org%2Fen%2Fzoo%2Fvisit-the-zoo%2Faquatic-mammals-1254385523%2Fdelphinapterus-leucas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cetacousin.bplaced.net/whale/north/facts/vananuq.html">"Nanuq"</a>. Cetacousin. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nanuq&rft.pub=Cetacousin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cetacousin.bplaced.net%2Fwhale%2Fnorth%2Ffacts%2Fvananuq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914202409/http://wildexplorer.org/">"Beluga Whale Calf Born at Shedd Aquarium"</a>. Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wildexplorer.org/">the original</a> on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beluga+Whale+Calf+Born+at+Shedd+Aquarium&rft.pub=Association+of+Zoos+and+Aquariums&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwildexplorer.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120005836/http://www.mysticaquarium.org/newsroom/press-releases/827-male-beluga-whale-arrives-at-mystic-aquarium">"Male Beluga Whale Arrives at Mystic Aquarium"</a>. Mystic Aquarium. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mysticaquarium.org/newsroom/press-releases/827-male-beluga-whale-arrives-at-mystic-aquarium">the original</a> on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Male+Beluga+Whale+Arrives+at+Mystic+Aquarium&rft.pub=Mystic+Aquarium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mysticaquarium.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F827-male-beluga-whale-arrives-at-mystic-aquarium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pedicini-211"><a href="#cite_ref-pedicini_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedicini" class="citation news cs1">Pedicini, Sandra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/tourism/os-seaworld-belugas-20160208-story.html">"SeaWorld switches beluga whales"</a>. OrlandoSentinel.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122131952/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/tourism/os-seaworld-belugas-20160208-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OrlandoSentinel.com&rft.atitle=SeaWorld+switches+beluga+whales&rft.aulast=Pedicini&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftourism%2Fos-seaworld-belugas-20160208-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInmaculada_Sanz2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Inmaculada Sanz (3 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/168936/0/nace/beluga/oceanografico">"Nace la primera cría de ballena beluga en cautividad en Europa"</a> (in Spanish). Noticias 20minutos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207184601/http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/168936/0/nace/beluga/oceanografico/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nace+la+primera+cr%C3%ADa+de+ballena+beluga+en+cautividad+en+Europa&rft.date=2006-11-03&rft.au=Inmaculada+Sanz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.20minutos.es%2Fnoticia%2F168936%2F0%2Fnace%2Fbeluga%2Foceanografico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/177080/0/beluga/muere/valencia/">"Muere la ballena beluga que nació hace 25 días en el Oceanográfico de Valencia"</a> (in Spanish). 27 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701045309/http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/177080/0/beluga/muere/valencia/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Muere+la+ballena+beluga+que+naci%C3%B3+hace+25+d%C3%ADas+en+el+Oceanogr%C3%A1fico+de+Valencia&rft.date=2006-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.20minutos.es%2Fnoticia%2F177080%2F0%2Fbeluga%2Fmuere%2Fvalencia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFeldiario.es2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">eldiario.es (16 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldiario.es/cultura/tecnologia/Kylu-beluga-Oceanografic-Valencia-superluna_0_602290272.html">"Kylu, la beluga que nació en el Oceanogràfic de Valencia un día de superluna"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170117095035/http://www.eldiario.es/cultura/tecnologia/Kylu-beluga-Oceanografic-Valencia-superluna_0_602290272.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kylu%2C+la+beluga+que+naci%C3%B3+en+el+Oceanogr%C3%A0fic+de+Valencia+un+d%C3%ADa+de+superluna&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft.au=eldiario.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fcultura%2Ftecnologia%2FKylu-beluga-Oceanografic-Valencia-superluna_0_602290272.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepisto,_Christine2009" class="citation web cs1">Lepisto, Christine (2 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/08/amazing-beluga-whale-rescues-diver.php">"Beluga Whale Saves Diver"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330030544/http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/08/amazing-beluga-whale-rescues-diver.php">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2010. 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K.; Steinman, K. J.; Schmitt, T.; Robeck, T. R. (6 October 2008). "Semen collection, characterisation and artificial insemination in the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) using liquid-stored spermatozoa". Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 20 (7): 770–783. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FRD08031">10.1071/RD08031</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18842179">18842179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproduction%2C+Fertility+and+Development&rft.atitle=Semen+collection%2C+characterisation+and+artificial+insemination+in+the+beluga+%28Delphinapterus+leucas%29+using+liquid-stored+spermatozoa&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=770-783&rft.date=2008-10-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FRD08031&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18842179&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=J.+K.&rft.au=Steinman%2C+K.+J.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+T.&rft.au=Robeck%2C+T.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Internet_Movie_Database1963" class="citation web cs1">The Internet Movie Database (4 August 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057423">"Pour la suite du monde"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100104193336/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057423/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Pour+la+suite+du+monde&rft.date=1963-08-04&rft.au=The+Internet+Movie+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0057423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527102209/http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/music.htm#index">"Baby beluga"</a>. National Institutes of Health. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/music.htm#index">the original</a> on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baby+beluga&rft.pub=National+Institutes+of+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkids.niehs.nih.gov%2Fmusic.htm%23index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223224128/http://www.airbus.com/en/services/airtransport/">"Airbus beluga service"</a>. airbus.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airbus.com/en/services/airtransport/">the original</a> on 23 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airbus+beluga+service&rft.pub=airbus.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airbus.com%2Fen%2Fservices%2Fairtransport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohare-259"><a href="#cite_ref-ohare_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hare2019" class="citation news cs1">O'Hare, Maureen (18 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/airbus-beluga-xl-first-uk-flight/index.html">"Beluga XL spreads its wings at long last"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031811/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/airbus-beluga-xl-first-uk-flight/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Beluga+XL+spreads+its+wings+at+long+last&rft.date=2019-02-18&rft.aulast=O%27Hare&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fairbus-beluga-xl-first-uk-flight%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mccarthy-260"><a href="#cite_ref-mccarthy_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2016" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Kelly (17 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/ty-burrell-makes-splash-whale-finding-dory/story?id=39925024">"Ty Burrell Makes a Splash as a Whale in 'Finding Dory'"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923233205/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/ty-burrell-makes-splash-whale-finding-dory/story?id=39925024">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ty+Burrell+Makes+a+Splash+as+a+Whale+in+%27Finding+Dory%27&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FEntertainment%2Fty-burrell-makes-splash-whale-finding-dory%2Fstory%3Fid%3D39925024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-THRcast-261"><a href="#cite_ref-THRcast_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchillaci2013" class="citation news cs1">Schillaci, Sophie (9 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/d23-ty-burrell-diane-keaton-603503">"D23: Disney Sets Voice Casts for 'Finding Dory,' 'Inside Out' and 'Good Dinosaur'"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305135202/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/d23-ty-burrell-diane-keaton-603503">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=D23%3A+Disney+Sets+Voice+Casts+for+%27Finding+Dory%2C%27+%27Inside+Out%27+and+%27Good+Dinosaur%27&rft.date=2013-08-09&rft.aulast=Schillaci&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fd23-ty-burrell-diane-keaton-603503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lord, Nancy (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s8Dolyb5g2sC&pg=PA1">Beluga days: tracking a white whale's truths</a>. Counterpoint. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58243-151-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58243-151-2"><bdi>978-1-58243-151-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beluga+days%3A+tracking+a+white+whale%27s+truths&rft.pub=Counterpoint&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58243-151-2&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds8Dolyb5g2sC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Outridge P. M.; Hobson K. A.; McNeely R.; Dyke A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14430%2Farctic696">"A Comparison of Modern and Preindustrial Levels of Mercury in the Teeth of Beluga in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, and Walrus at Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada"</a>. Arctic. 55 (2): 123–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14430%2Farctic696">10.14430/arctic696</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52948994">52948994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+Modern+and+Preindustrial+Levels+of+Mercury+in+the+Teeth+of+Beluga+in+the+Mackenzie+Delta%2C+Northwest+Territories%2C+and+Walrus+at+Igloolik%2C+Nunavut%2C+Canada&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-132&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14430%2Farctic696&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52948994%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Outridge+P.+M.&rft.au=Hobson+K.+A.&rft.au=McNeely+R.&rft.au=Dyke+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.14430%252Farctic696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" class="extiw" title="commons:Delphinapterus leucas">Delphinapterus leucas</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Delphinapterus leucas">Delphinapterus leucas</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/belugawhale.htm">US National Marine Fisheries Service beluga whale page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111191237/http://inletkeeper.org/issues/beluga-whale/">Cook Inlet Beluga Population Info</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205034519/http://www.arkive.org/beluga-whale/delphinapterus-leucas/">ARkive</a> Photos</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Delphinapterus_leucas.html">Animal Diversity Web</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCAUleX5h8A">Video of belugas blowing bubble rings and performing other tricks at a Japanese aquarium</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110821233643/http://www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/data/D_leucas/d_leucas.htm">Convention on Migratory Species page on the Beluga / White whale</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613043251/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/beluga-whale.html">Animals in National Geographic – Beluga Whale Delphinapterus leucas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118201718/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/whales/whale_beluga.html">Lifestyles of Beluga Whales National Geographic</a>, video</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090922204850/http://www.eol.org/pages/328541">"Beluga whale"</a>. Encyclopedia of Life. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eol.org/pages/328541">the original</a> on 22 September 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beluga+whale&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eol.org%2Fpages%2F328541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeluga+whale" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/pictures/Delphinapterus_leucas.html">Information about beluga in animaldiversity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vistaalmar.es/especies-marinas/ballenas/666-video-nacimiento-ballena-beluga-en-vancouver.html">Video showing the birth of a beluga calf in Vancouver</a>, video</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130113081752/http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=159">Information about belugas in marinebio.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cetus.ucsd.edu/voicesinthesea_org/species/belugasNarwhals/beluga.html">Voices in the Sea – Sounds of the Beluga Whale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822220910/http://cetus.ucsd.edu/voicesinthesea_org/species/belugasNarwhals/beluga.html">Archived</a> 22 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Mysticeti_(Baleen_whales)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">Mysticeti (Baleen whales)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Balaena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Bowhead whale (B. mysticetus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Right_whale" title="Right whale">Eubalaena</a> (Right whales)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">Southern right whale (E. australis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whale (E. glacialis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_right_whale" title="North Pacific right whale">North Pacific right whale (E. japonica)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">Balaenopteridae</a> (Rorquals)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Balaenoptera" title="Balaenoptera">Balaenoptera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_minke_whale" title="Common minke whale">Common minke whale (B. acutorostrata)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_minke_whale" title="Antarctic minke whale">Antarctic minke whale (B. bonaerensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">Sei whale (B. borealis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's whale (B. brydei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Pygmy Bryde's whale (B. edeni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">Blue whale (B. musculus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omura%27s_whale" title="Omura's whale">Omura's whale (B. omurai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">Fin whale (B. physalus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice%27s_whale" title="Rice's whale">Rice's whale (B. ricei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Eschrichtius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Gray whale (E. robustus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Megaptera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale (M. novaeangliae)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cetotheriidae" title="Cetotheriidae">Cetotheriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caperea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Caperea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Pygmy right whale (C. marginata)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Odontoceti_(Toothed_whales)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti (Toothed whales)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dolphin" title="Oceanic dolphin">Delphinidae</a> (Oceanic dolphins)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Cephalorhynchus" title="Cephalorhynchus">Cephalorhynchus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerson%27s_dolphin" title="Commerson's dolphin">Commerson's dolphin (C. commersonii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_dolphin" title="Chilean dolphin">Chilean dolphin (C. eutropia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside%27s_dolphin" title="Heaviside's dolphin">Heaviside's dolphin (C. heavisidii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_dolphin" title="Hector's dolphin">Hector's dolphin (C. hectori)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Delphinus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Common dolphin (D. delphis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Feresa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Pygmy killer whale (F. attenuata)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">Globicephala</a> (Pilot whales)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-finned_pilot_whale" title="Short-finned pilot whale">Short-finned pilot whale (G. macrorhynchus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-finned_pilot_whale" title="Long-finned pilot whale">Long-finned pilot whale (G. melas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Grampus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Risso's dolphin (G. griseus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Lagenodelphis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Fraser's dolphin (L. hosei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lagenorhynchus" title="Lagenorhynchus">Lagenorhynchus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-beaked_dolphin" title="White-beaked dolphin">White-beaked dolphin (L. albirostris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Atlantic white-sided dolphin (L. acutus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peale%27s_dolphin" title="Peale's dolphin">Peale's dolphin (L. australis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass_dolphin" title="Hourglass dolphin">Hourglass dolphin (L. cruciger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_white-sided_dolphin" title="Pacific white-sided dolphin">Pacific white-sided dolphin (L. obliquidens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusky_dolphin" title="Dusky dolphin">Dusky dolphin (L. obscurus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Right_whale_dolphin" title="Right whale dolphin">Lissodelphis</a> (Right whale dolphins)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Northern right whale dolphin">Northern right whale dolphin (L. borealis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Southern right whale dolphin">Southern right whale dolphin (L. peronii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Orcaella" title="Orcaella">Orcaella</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_dolphin" title="Irrawaddy dolphin">Irrawaddy dolphin (O. brevirostris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_snubfin_dolphin" title="Australian snubfin dolphin">Australian snubfin dolphin (O. heinsohni)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Orcinus" title="Orcinus">Orcinus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orca or killer whale (O. orca)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Peponocephala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Melon-headed whale (P. electra)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">Pseudorca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">False killer whale (P. crassidens)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Sotalia_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotalia (genus)">Sotalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tucuxi" title="Tucuxi">Tucuxi (S. fluviatilis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_dolphin" title="Guiana dolphin">Guiana dolphin (S. guianensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Humpback_dolphin" title="Humpback dolphin">Sousa</a> (Humpback dolphins)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_humpback_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin">Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (S. chinensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_humpback_dolphin" title="Indian Ocean humpback dolphin">Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (S. plumbea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_humpback_dolphin" title="Australian humpback dolphin">Australian humpback dolphin (S. sahulensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_humpback_dolphin" title="Atlantic humpback dolphin">Atlantic humpback dolphin (S. teuszii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Stenella" title="Stenella">Stenella</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantropical_spotted_dolphin" title="Pantropical spotted dolphin">Pantropical spotted dolphin (S. attenuata)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_dolphin" title="Clymene dolphin">Clymene dolphin (S. clymene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_dolphin" title="Striped dolphin">Striped dolphin (S. coeruleoalba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_spotted_dolphin" title="Atlantic spotted dolphin">Atlantic spotted dolphin (S. frontalis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">Spinner dolphin (S. longirostris)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Steno</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Rough-toothed dolphin (S. bredanensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">Tursiops</a> (Bottlenose dolphins)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin">Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (T. aduncus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrunan_dolphin" title="Burrunan dolphin">Burrunan dolphin (T. australis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanend%27s_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin">Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (T. erebennus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Common bottlenose dolphin">Common bottlenose dolphin (T. truncatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delphinapterus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beluga whale (D. leucas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Monodon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Narwhal (M. monoceros)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">Phocoenidae</a> (Porpoises)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Finless_porpoise" title="Finless porpoise">Neophocoena</a> (Finless porpoises)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_finless_porpoise" title="Indo-Pacific finless porpoise">Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (N. phocaenoides)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_finless_porpoise" title="Yangtze finless porpoise">Yangtze finless porpoise (N. asiaeorientalis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_finless_porpoise" title="East Asian finless porpoise">East Asian finless porpoise (N. sunameri)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Phocoena" title="Phocoena">Phocoena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_porpoise" title="Spectacled porpoise">Spectacled porpoise (P. dioptrica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">Harbour porpoise (P. phocoena)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaquita" title="Vaquita">Vaquita (P. sinus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmeister%27s_porpoise" title="Burmeister's porpoise">Burmeister's porpoise (P. spinipinnis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Phocoenoides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Dall's porpoise (P. dalli)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physeteroidea" title="Physeteroidea">Physeteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Physeter" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Physeter" title="Physeter">Physeter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Sperm whale (P. macrocephalus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kogia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Kogia" title="Kogia">Kogia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_sperm_whale" title="Pygmy sperm whale">Pygmy sperm whale (K. breviceps)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_sperm_whale" title="Dwarf sperm whale">Dwarf sperm whale (K. simus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Inia" title="Inia">Inia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araguaian_river_dolphin" title="Araguaian river dolphin">Araguaian river dolphin (I. araguaiaensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_river_dolphin" title="Bolivian river dolphin">Bolivian river dolphin (I. boliviensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin (I. geoffrensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lipotidae" title="Lipotidae">Lipotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lipotes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Lipotes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Baiji (L. vexillifer)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Platanista" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">Platanista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin (P. gangetica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_river_dolphin" title="Indus river dolphin">Indus river dolphin (P. minor)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pontoporia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">La Plata dolphin (P. blainvillei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">Ziphiidae</a> (Beaked whales)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Berardius" title="Berardius">Berardius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnoux%27s_beaked_whale" title="Arnoux's beaked whale">Arnoux's beaked whale (B. arnuxii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baird%27s_beaked_whale" title="Baird's beaked whale">Baird's beaked whale (B. bairdii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sato's beaked whale">Sato's beaked whale (B. minimus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_whale" title="Bottlenose whale">Hyperoodon</a> (Bottlenose whales)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_bottlenose_whale" title="Northern bottlenose whale">Northern bottlenose whale (H. ampullatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bottlenose_whale" title="Southern bottlenose whale">Southern bottlenose whale (H. planifrons)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Indopacetus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Tropical bottlenose whale (I. pacificus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Mesoplodont_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoplodont whale">Mesoplodon</a> (Mesoplodont whales)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sowerby%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sowerby's beaked whale">Sowerby's beaked whale (M. bidens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews%27_beaked_whale" title="Andrews' beaked whale">Andrews' beaked whale (M. bowdoini)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbs%27_beaked_whale" title="Hubbs' beaked whale">Hubbs' beaked whale (M. carlhubbsi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville%27s_beaked_whale" title="Blainville's beaked whale">Blainville's beaked whale (M. densirostris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramari%27s_beaked_whale" title="Ramari's beaked whale">Ramari's beaked whale (M. eueu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervais%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gervais's beaked whale">Gervais's beaked whale (M. europaeus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo-toothed_beaked_whale" title="Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale">Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (M. ginkgodens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gray's beaked whale">Gray's beaked whale (M. grayi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_beaked_whale" title="Hector's beaked whale">Hector's beaked whale (M. hectori)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deraniyagala%27s_beaked_whale" title="Deraniyagala's beaked whale">Deraniyagala's beaked whale (M. hotaula)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap-toothed_whale" title="Strap-toothed whale">Strap-toothed whale (M. layardii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True%27s_beaked_whale" title="True's beaked whale">True's beaked whale (M. mirus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin%27s_beaked_whale" title="Perrin's beaked whale">Perrin's beaked whale (M. perrini)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_beaked_whale" title="Pygmy beaked whale">Pygmy beaked whale (M. peruvianus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stejneger%27s_beaked_whale" title="Stejneger's beaked whale">Stejneger's beaked whale (M. stejnegeri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spade-toothed_whale" title="Spade-toothed whale">Spade-toothed whale (M. traversii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Tasmacetus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Shepherd's beaked whale (T. shepherdi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Ziphius </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Cuvier's beaked whale (Z. cavirostris)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Odontocete_genera" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odontoceti" title="Template:Odontoceti"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odontoceti" title="Template talk:Odontoceti"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odontoceti" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odontoceti"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Odontocete_genera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontocete</a> genera</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Even-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulate">Artiodactyla</a></li> <li>Infraorder: <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Odontoceti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Odontoceti" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Agorophius" title="Agorophius">Agorophius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Ankylorhiza" title="Ankylorhiza">Ankylorhiza</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Archaeodelphis" title="Archaeodelphis">Archaeodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argyrocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argyrocetus (page does not exist)">Argyrocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashleycetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashleycetus (page does not exist)">Ashleycetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caolodelphis (page does not exist)">Caolodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Chilcacetus" title="Chilcacetus">Chilcacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enigmatocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enigmatocetus (page does not exist)">Enigmatocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoplatanista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoplatanista (page does not exist)">Eoplatanista</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Inticetus" title="Inticetus">Inticetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Macrodelphinus" title="Macrodelphinus">Macrodelphinus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Microcetus" title="Microcetus">Microcetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Mirocetus" title="Mirocetus">Mirocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Neosqualodon" title="Neosqualodon">Neosqualodon</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Olympicetus" title="Olympicetus">Olympicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papahu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papahu (page does not exist)">Papahu</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Patriocetus" title="Patriocetus">Patriocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Phoberodon" title="Phoberodon">Phoberodon</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phococetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phococetus (page does not exist)">Phococetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Prosqualodon" title="Prosqualodon">Prosqualodon</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sachalinocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sachalinocetus (page does not exist)">Sachalinocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Simocetus" title="Simocetus">Simocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Sulakocetus" title="Sulakocetus">Sulakocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Tangaroasaurus" title="Tangaroasaurus">Tangaroasaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Xenorophidae" title="Xenorophidae">Xenorophidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertocetus" title="Albertocetus">Albertocetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotylocara" title="Cotylocara">Cotylocara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echovenator" title="Echovenator">Echovenator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inermorostrum" title="Inermorostrum">Inermorostrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenorophus" title="Xenorophus">Xenorophus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Waipatiidae" title="Waipatiidae">Waipatiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awamokoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awamokoa (page does not exist)">Awamokoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ediscetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ediscetus (page does not exist)">Ediscetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihohae" title="Nihohae">Nihohae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihoroa" title="Nihoroa">Nihoroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otekaikea" title="Otekaikea">Otekaikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urkudelphis" title="Urkudelphis">Urkudelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waipatia" title="Waipatia">Waipatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Squalodontidae" title="Squalodontidae">Squalodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eosqualodon" title="Eosqualodon">Eosqualodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squalodon" title="Squalodon">Squalodon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squaloziphiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squaloziphiidae (page does not exist)">Squaloziphiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crisocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crisocetus (page does not exist)">Crisocetus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squaloziphius" title="Squaloziphius">Squaloziphius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaquinacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaquinacetus (page does not exist)">Yaquinacetus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eurhinodelphinidae" title="Eurhinodelphinidae">Eurhinodelphinidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceterhinops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceterhinops (page does not exist)">Ceterhinops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurhinodelphis" title="Eurhinodelphis">Eurhinodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iniopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iniopsis (page does not exist)">Iniopsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycteriacetus" title="Mycteriacetus">Mycteriacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocaenopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phocaenopsis (page does not exist)">Phocaenopsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizodelphis" title="Schizodelphis">Schizodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanbreenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanbreenia (page does not exist)">Vanbreenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphiacetus" title="Xiphiacetus">Xiphiacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziphiodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziphiodelphis (page does not exist)">Ziphiodelphis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crown-<a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Crown-Odontoceti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crown-<a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Physeteroidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physeteroidea" title="Physeteroidea">Physeteroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Acrophyseter" title="Acrophyseter">Acrophyseter</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Albicetus" title="Albicetus">Albicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Brygmophyseter" title="Brygmophyseter">Brygmophyseter</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eudelphis" title="Eudelphis">Eudelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Hoplocetus" title="Hoplocetus">Hoplocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Livyatan" title="Livyatan">Livyatan</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Miophyseter" title="Miophyseter">Miophyseter</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhaphicetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhaphicetus (page does not exist)">Rhaphicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Scaldicetus" title="Scaldicetus">Scaldicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Zygophyseter" title="Zygophyseter">Zygophyseter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Aprixokogia" title="Aprixokogia">Aprixokogia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogia" title="Kogia">Kogia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koristocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koristocetus (page does not exist)">Koristocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Nanokogia" title="Nanokogia">Nanokogia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platyscaphokogia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platyscaphokogia (page does not exist)">Platyscaphokogia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pliokogia" title="Pliokogia">Pliokogia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Praekogia" title="Praekogia">Praekogia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Scaphokogia" title="Scaphokogia">Scaphokogia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalassocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalassocetus (page does not exist)">Thalassocetus</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physeteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physeteridae">Physeteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Aulophyseter" title="Aulophyseter">Aulophyseter</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cozzuoliphyseter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cozzuoliphyseter (page does not exist)">Cozzuoliphyseter</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Diaphorocetus" title="Diaphorocetus">Diaphorocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Idiophyseter" title="Idiophyseter">Idiophyseter</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Idiorophus" title="Idiorophus">Idiorophus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Orycterocetus" title="Orycterocetus">Orycterocetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physeter" title="Physeter">Physeter</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Physeterula" title="Physeterula">Physeterula</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placoziphius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placoziphius (page does not exist)">Placoziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalassocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalassocetus (page does not exist)">Thalassocetus</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Platanistoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Platanistoidea">Platanistoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aondelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aondelphis (page does not exist)">Aondelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolgopolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolgopolis (page does not exist)">Dolgopolis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensidelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensidelphis (page does not exist)">Ensidelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perditicetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perditicetus (page does not exist)">Perditicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eurhinodelphinidae" title="Eurhinodelphinidae">Eurhinodelphinidae</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Squalodontidae" title="Squalodontidae">Squalodontidae</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Waipatiidae" title="Waipatiidae">Waipatiidae</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Allodelphinidae" title="Allodelphinidae">Allodelphinidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allodelphis" title="Allodelphis">Allodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktocara" title="Arktocara">Arktocara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goedertius" title="Goedertius">Goedertius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninjadelphis" title="Ninjadelphis">Ninjadelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarhinocetus" title="Zarhinocetus">Zarhinocetus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Squalodelphinidae" title="Squalodelphinidae">Squalodelphinidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Furcacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furcacetus (page does not exist)">Furcacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaridelphis" title="Huaridelphis">Huaridelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrosqualodelphis" title="Macrosqualodelphis">Macrosqualodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medocinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medocinia (page does not exist)">Medocinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notocetus" title="Notocetus">Notocetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocageneus" title="Phocageneus">Phocageneus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squalodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squalodelphis (page does not exist)">Squalodelphis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Araeodelphis" title="Araeodelphis">Araeodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dilophodelphis" title="Dilophodelphis">Dilophodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grimadelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grimadelphis (page does not exist)">Grimadelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pachyacanthus" title="Pachyacanthus">Pachyacanthus</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pebanista" title="Pebanista">Pebanista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">Platanista</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pomatodelphis" title="Pomatodelphis">Pomatodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Prepomatodelphis" title="Prepomatodelphis">Prepomatodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarhachis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zarhachis (page does not exist)">Zarhachis</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">Ziphiidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aporotus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aporotus (page does not exist)">Aporotus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Beneziphius" title="Beneziphius">Beneziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Caviziphius" title="Caviziphius">Caviziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Chavinziphius" title="Chavinziphius">Chavinziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimuziphius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimuziphius (page does not exist)">Chimuziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Choneziphius" title="Choneziphius">Choneziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dagonodum" title="Dagonodum">Dagonodum</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Globicetus" title="Globicetus">Globicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Imocetus" title="Imocetus">Imocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Messapicetus" title="Messapicetus">Messapicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazcacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazcacetus (page does not exist)">Nazcacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nenga_(mammal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nenga (mammal) (page does not exist)">Nenga</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Ninoziphius" title="Ninoziphius">Ninoziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notoziphius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notoziphius (page does not exist)">Notoziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pterocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pterocetus (page does not exist)">Pterocetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Tasmacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Tusciziphius" title="Tusciziphius">Tusciziphius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Xhosacetus" title="Xhosacetus">Xhosacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziphirostrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziphirostrum (page does not exist)">Ziphirostrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berardiinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Berardiinae">Berardiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeoziphius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeoziphius (page does not exist)">Archaeoziphius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berardius" title="Berardius">Berardius</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Microberardius" title="Microberardius">Microberardius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ziphiinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziphiinae">Ziphiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izikoziphius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izikoziphius (page does not exist)">Izikoziphius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Ziphius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyperoodontinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperoodontinae">Hyperoodontinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Africanacetus" title="Africanacetus">Africanacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_whale" title="Bottlenose whale">Hyperoodon</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ihlengesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ihlengesi (page does not exist)">Ihlengesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Indopacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplodont_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoplodont whale">Mesoplodon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Delphinida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Delphinida" title="Delphinida">Delphinida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Delphinida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Delphinida" title="Delphinida">Delphinida</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Delphinida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Delphinida" title="Delphinida">Delphinida</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albireo_(whale)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albireo (whale) (page does not exist)">Albireo</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Atocetus" title="Atocetus">Atocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brevirostrodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brevirostrodelphis (page does not exist)">Brevirostrodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cammackacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cammackacetus (page does not exist)">Cammackacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delphinodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delphinodon (page does not exist)">Delphinodon</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Hadrodelphis" title="Hadrodelphis">Hadrodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbeinodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbeinodelphis (page does not exist)">Herbeinodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Liolithax" title="Liolithax">Liolithax</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Lophocetus" title="Lophocetus">Lophocetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Macrokentriodon" title="Macrokentriodon">Macrokentriodon</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miminiacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miminiacetus (page does not exist)">Miminiacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Odobenocetops" title="Odobenocetops">Odobenocetops</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pictodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pictodelphis (page does not exist)">Pictodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pithanodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pithanodelphis (page does not exist)">Pithanodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Tagicetus" title="Tagicetus">Tagicetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westmorelandelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westmorelandelphis (page does not exist)">Westmorelandelphis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Kentriodontidae" title="Kentriodontidae">Kentriodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belonodelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belonodelphis (page does not exist)">Belonodelphis</a>?</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampholophos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampholophos (page does not exist)">Kampholophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentriodon" title="Kentriodon">Kentriodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platysvercus" title="Platysvercus">Platysvercus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophianacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophianacetus (page does not exist)">Sophianacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudicetus" title="Rudicetus">Rudicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimahl" title="Wimahl">Wimahl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lipotidae" title="Lipotidae">Lipotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Lipotes</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Parapontoporia" title="Parapontoporia">Parapontoporia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prolipotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prolipotes (page does not exist)">Prolipotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Inioidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Inioidea">Inioidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Awadelphis" title="Awadelphis">Awadelphis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Brujadelphis" title="Brujadelphis">Brujadelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Goniodelphis" title="Goniodelphis">Goniodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inia" title="Inia">Inia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Ischyrorhynchus" title="Ischyrorhynchus">Ischyrorhynchus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoninia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoninia (page does not exist)">Isoninia</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Isthminia" title="Isthminia">Isthminia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwanzacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwanzacetus (page does not exist)">Kwanzacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Meherrinia" title="Meherrinia">Meherrinia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plicodontinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plicodontinia (page does not exist)">Plicodontinia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Saurocetes" title="Saurocetes">Saurocetes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pontoporiidae" title="Pontoporiidae">Pontoporiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Atocetus" title="Atocetus">Atocetus</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Auroracetus" title="Auroracetus">Auroracetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Brachydelphis" title="Brachydelphis">Brachydelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piscorhynchus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piscorhynchus (page does not exist)">Piscorhynchus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pliopontos" title="Pliopontos">Pliopontos</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontistes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontistes (page does not exist)">Pontistes</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protophocaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protophocaena (page does not exist)">Protophocaena</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaydelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaydelphis (page does not exist)">Samaydelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scaldiporia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scaldiporia (page does not exist)">Scaldiporia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Stenasodelphis" title="Stenasodelphis">Stenasodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Delphinoidea" title="Delphinoidea">Delphinoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Bohaskaia" title="Bohaskaia">Bohaskaia</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Casatia" title="Casatia">Casatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delphinapterus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Denebola_brachycephala" title="Denebola brachycephala">Denebola</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Haborodelphis" title="Haborodelphis">Haborodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Monodon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">Phocoenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Archaeophocaena" title="Archaeophocaena">Archaeophocaena</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australithax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australithax (page does not exist)">Australithax</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haborophocoena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haborophocoena (page does not exist)">Haborophocoena</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lomacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lomacetus (page does not exist)">Lomacetus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Miophocaena" title="Miophocaena">Miophocaena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finless_porpoise" title="Finless porpoise">Neophocaena</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numataphocoena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numataphocoena (page does not exist)">Numataphocoena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocoena" title="Phocoena">Phocoena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Phocoenoides</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piscolithax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piscolithax (page does not exist)">Piscolithax</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pterophocaena" title="Pterophocaena">Pterophocaena</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Semirostrum" title="Semirostrum">Semirostrum</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Septemtriocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Septemtriocetus (page does not exist)">Septemtriocetus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dolphin" title="Oceanic dolphin">Delphinidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arimidelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arimidelphis (page does not exist)">Arimidelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Australodelphis" title="Australodelphis">Australodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eodelphinus" title="Eodelphinus">Eodelphinus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Etruridelphis" title="Etruridelphis">Etruridelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Hemisyntrachelus" title="Hemisyntrachelus">Hemisyntrachelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagenorhynchus" title="Lagenorhynchus">Lagenorhynchus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norisdelphis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norisdelphis (page does not exist)">Norisdelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcinus" title="Orcinus">Orcinus</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Blunt-snouted_dolphin" title="Blunt-snouted dolphin">Platalearostrum</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pliodelphis" title="Pliodelphis">Pliodelphis</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pterophocaena" title="Pterophocaena">Pterophocaena</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lissodelphininae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lissodelphininae">Lissodelphininae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalorhynchus" title="Cephalorhynchus">Cephalorhynchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_whale_dolphin" title="Right whale dolphin">Lissodelphis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Delphininae" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphininae">Delphininae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Delphinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Lagenodelphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotalia" title="Sotalia">Sotalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpback_dolphin" title="Humpback dolphin">Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenella" title="Stenella">Stenella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">Tursiops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Globicephalinae" title="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Feresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">Globicephala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Grampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcaella" title="Orcaella">Orcaella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Peponocephala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudorca" title="Pseudorca">Pseudorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Steno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Delphinapterus leucas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132072" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q132072">Q132072</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Delphinapterus leucas">Delphinapterus leucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Delphinapterus_leucas/">Delphinapterus_leucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/delphinapterus-leucas/">delphinapterus-leucas</a></li> <li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id20779">20779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=9996">9996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/34HXS">34HXS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Conservation_of_Migratory_Species_of_Wild_Animals" title="Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals">CMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cms.int/en/species/delphinapterus-leucas">delphinapterus-leucas</a></li> <li>ECOS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9158">9158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/46559337">46559337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/DLPTLE">DLPTLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/15694">15694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5220003">5220003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41461">41461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10193883">10193883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180483">180483</a></li> 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text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000188751">NBNSYS0000188751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9749">9749</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">NOAA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/beluga-whale">beluga-whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/9093/">9093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/137115">137115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=851318">851318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65078">65078</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69408">69408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/4206">4206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137115">137115</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Delphinus leucas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109647222" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q109647222">Q109647222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/15940">15940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4351908">4351908</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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