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Rational-legal authority: rational grounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._Rational-legal_authority:_rational_grounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Charismatic_authority:_charismatic_grounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Charismatic_authority:_charismatic_grounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>3. Charismatic authority: charismatic grounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Charismatic_authority:_charismatic_grounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_the_modern_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_the_modern_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Emergence of the modern state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_the_modern_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modern state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rational-legal_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rational-legal_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rational-legal leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rational-legal_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rational-legal authority</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rational-legal_authority" title="Special:EditPage/Rational-legal authority">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rational-legal+authority%22">"Rational-legal authority"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rational-legal+authority%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rational-legal+authority%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rational-legal+authority%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rational-legal+authority%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rational-legal+authority%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rational-legal authority</b> (also known as <b>rational authority</b>, <b>legal authority</b>, <b>rational domination</b>, <b>legal domination</b>, or <b>bureaucratic authority</b>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a> or a ruling <a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">regime</a> is largely tied to legal <a href="/wiki/Rationality" title="Rationality">rationality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political science)">legal legitimacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>. The majority of the modern <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">states</a> of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries are rational-legal authorities, according to those who use this form of classification. </p><p>Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perrow" title="Charles Perrow">Charles Perrow</a> characterized the rational-legal bureaucracy as the most efficient form of administration.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rational-legal_authority">Rational-legal authority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rational-legal authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, the concept of rational-legal domination comes from <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_classification_of_authority" title="Tripartite classification of authority">tripartite classification of authority</a> (one of several classifications of government used by sociologists); the other two forms being <a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">traditional authority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_authority" title="Charismatic authority">charismatic authority</a>. All of those three domination types represent an example of his <a href="/wiki/Ideal_type" title="Ideal type">ideal type</a> concept. Weber noted that in history those ideal types of domination are always found in combinations. </p><p>In traditional authority, the legitimacy of the authority comes from tradition. Charismatic authority is legitimized by the personality and leadership qualities of the ruling individual. Finally, rational-legal authority derives its powers from the system of <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legality" title="Legality">legality</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_rationality_and_legitimate_authority">Legal rationality and legitimate authority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal rationality and legitimate authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under rational-legal authority, legitimacy is seen as coming from a legal order and the laws that have been enacted in it (see also <a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">natural law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legal_positivism" title="Legal positivism">legal positivism</a>). </p><p>Weber defined legal order as a system where the rules are enacted and obeyed as legitimate because they are in line with other laws on how they can be enacted and how they should be obeyed. Further, they are enforced by a government that monopolizes their enactment and the <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_the_legitimate_use_of_physical_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force">legitimate use of physical force</a>. </p><p>If society, as a whole, approves the exercise of the power in a certain way, then the power is considered "legitimate authority". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Max_Weber's_theory:_type_of_authority"><span id="Max_Weber.27s_theory:_type_of_authority"></span>Max Weber's theory: type of authority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Max Weber's theory: type of authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Max Weber broke down legitimate authority into three different types of societies: Traditional Authority, Rational-legal Authority, and Charismatic Authority. Each of these authorities have their own unique complex societies that have evolved from simple definitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1.Traditional_authority:_traditional_grounds">1.Traditional authority: traditional grounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1.Traditional authority: traditional grounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Is the type of power that has been around longer, it is the type of power that is traditionally rooted in beliefs and the practices of society. This authority is liked by many individuals for two main reasons: the inheritance of past generations and religiousness that the societies have.</li> <li>Traditional authority is based on a tradition or custom that is followed by the traditional leaders. In traditional authority, status is a key concept. There are no requirements to serving as a traditional leader but there are no salaries. The consequences to traditional authority are discouragement of education and rational calculation.</li> <li>Traditional authority consists of a dominant profile, one who embodies tradition and rule. This type of leadership exemplifies the power to construct order.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._Rational-legal_authority:_rational_grounds">2. Rational-legal authority: rational grounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2. Rational-legal authority: rational grounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Acquired from law and is constructed from the reliance of society's rules and laws. This type of authority has the confidence to leave the right of leaders to undertake the decisions and set the policy. Rational-legal authority is the basis of modern democracies. Examples of this type of authority: officials elected by voters, rules that are in the constitution, or policies that are written in a formal document.</li> <li>Rational-legal authority is built on a structure of bureaucracy. In a rational-legal authority one ascends in their career paths through promotion and they eventually retire. Some of the benefits of rational-legal authority are transportation, large-scale industry, mass communication and an income economy. Other outcomes of rational-legal authority are tendencies towards equal opportunity and a promotion of education.</li> <li>Rational-legal authority requires a logical and systematic approach to leadership. Weber's rational leadership prevails in decision making.</li> <li>Finally, Legal Rational Authority derives its power from the system of bureaucracy and legality.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3._Charismatic_authority:_charismatic_grounds">3. Charismatic authority: charismatic grounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 3. Charismatic authority: charismatic grounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Comes from individuals and their personal qualities. Certain individuals are influential to others with their unique qualities which help them gain followers. The span of a "charismatic" individual's power and authority can vary from a specific group to an entire society. Examples of charismatic leaders include: Joan of Arc, Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King Jr, Jesus Christ.</li> <li>Charismatic authority has no clear structure; it is based on individual influence. One is chosen to be staff by their charismatic characteristics. Someone under a charismatic authority lives under gifts not salary. As long as someone has influence they will be a legitimate power.</li> <li>In charismatic authority, confidence is the driving force for leadership. With charismatic authority leadership has the ability to connect distinct groups and lead them to the finish line.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emergence_of_the_modern_state">Emergence of the modern state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Emergence of the modern state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weber wrote that the modern state based on rational-legal authority emerged from the patrimonial and feudal struggle for power (see <a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">traditional authority</a>) uniquely in the <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Occidental civilization</a>. The prerequisites for the modern Western state are: </p> <ul><li>Monopolization by central authority of the means of administration and control based on a centralized and stable system of taxation and use of physical force</li> <li>Monopolization of legislative</li> <li>Organisation of an officialdom, dependent upon the central authority</li></ul> <p>Weber argued that some of those attributes have existed in various time or places, but together they existed only in Occidental civilization. The conditions that favoured this were </p> <ul><li>Emergence of rational-legal rationality (various <a href="/wiki/Status_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Status class">status groups</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Occident</a> promoted that emergence)</li> <li>Emergence of modern officialdom (bureaucracy), which required <ul><li>Development of the money economy, where officials are compensated in money instead of kind (usually land grants)</li> <li>Quantitative and qualitative expansion of administrative tasks</li> <li>Centralization and increased efficiency of administration.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Weber's belief that rational-legal authority did not exist in <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Imperial China</a> has been heavily criticized, and does not have many supporters in the early 21st century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_state">Modern state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Max Weber, a modern state exists where a political community has: </p> <ul><li>An administrative and legal order that has been created and can be changed by legislation that also determines its role</li> <li>Binding authority over citizens and actions in its jurisdiction</li> <li>The right to legitimately use the physical force in its jurisdiction</li></ul> <p>An important attribute of Weber's definition of a modern state was that it is a <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>. </p><p>The vast majority of the modern states from the 20th century onward fall under the rational-legal authority category. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rational-legal_leaders">Rational-legal leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rational-legal leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of modern <a href="/wiki/Bureaucrat" title="Bureaucrat">bureaucratic officials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">political leaders</a> represent this type of authority. </p><p>Officials: </p> <ul><li>Are personally free.</li> <li>Serve a higher authority.</li> <li>Are appointed on the basis of conduct and their technical qualifications.</li> <li>Are responsible for the impartial execution of assigned tasks.</li> <li>Their work is a full-time occupation.</li> <li>Their work is methodical and rational</li> <li>Their work is rewarded by a salary and prospects of career advancement.</li></ul> <p>Politicians: </p> <ul><li>Are solely responsible for independent action.</li> <li>Must recognize that public actions that conflict with their basic policy must be rejected.</li> <li>Should have <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_authority" title="Charismatic authority">charismatic appeal</a> to win <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elections</a> under conditions of <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>.</li></ul> <p>Weber provided ten necessities addressing: "how individual officials are appointed and work". The administrative staff are under the supreme authority for legal authority in a bureaucratic administrative style. </p> <ol><li>They are personally free and subject to authority only with respect to their impersonal official obligation.</li> <li>They are organized in a clearly defined hierarchy of offices.</li> <li>Each office has a clearly defined sphere of competence in the legal sense.</li> <li>The office is filled by a free contractual relationship or free selection.</li> <li>Candidates are selected on the basis of technical qualification.</li> <li>They are remunerated by fixed salaries in money for the most part, with a right to pensions.</li> <li>The office is treated as the sole, or at least primary, occupation of incumbent.</li> <li>It constitutes a career. Promotions are dependent on the judgement of superiors.</li> <li>The official works entirely separated from ownership of the means of administration and without appropriation of his/her position.</li> <li>He is subject to strict and systematic discipline and control in the conduct of the office.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power (social and political)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGerthMills2014" class="citation book cs1">Gerth, H. H.; Mills, C. Wright (2014-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/"><i>Bureaucracy</i></a>. pp. 208–256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203759240-13">10.4324/9780203759240-13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203759240" title="Special:BookSources/9780203759240"><bdi>9780203759240</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bureaucracy&rft.pages=208-256&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203759240-13&rft.isbn=9780203759240&rft.aulast=Gerth&rft.aufirst=H.+H.&rft.au=Mills%2C+C.+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARational-legal+authority" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrow" class="citation book cs1">Perrow, Charles. <i>Complex Organizations</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complex+Organizations&rft.aulast=Perrow&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARational-legal+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational-legal_authority&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald_K._Harrison2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gerald K. Harrison (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jore.12105/pdf">"Morality, Inescapable Rational Authority, and a God's Wishes"</a>. <i>Journal of Religious Ethics</i>. <b>43</b> (3): 454–474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjore.12105">10.1111/jore.12105</a>. <q>Categorical reasons, <a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command theory</a>, Inescapable rational authority, Meta-ethics, Rationalized Bonds of Office</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religious+Ethics&rft.atitle=Morality%2C+Inescapable+Rational+Authority%2C+and+a+God%27s+Wishes&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=454-474&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjore.12105&rft.au=Gerald+K.+Harrison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fjore.12105%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARational-legal+authority" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrow1986" class="citation book cs1">Perrow, Charles (1986). <i>Complex organizations : a critical essay</i>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-554799-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-554799-0"><bdi>978-0-07-554799-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12312230">12312230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complex+organizations+%3A+a+critical+essay&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12312230&rft.isbn=978-0-07-554799-0&rft.aulast=Perrow&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARational-legal+authority" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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title="Max Weber and German politics">German politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Handelsgesellschaften_im_Mittelalter" title="Zur Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften im Mittelalter">Zur Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften im Mittelalter</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Agrarian_History_and_Its_Significance_for_Public_and_Private_Law" title="Roman Agrarian History and Its Significance for Public and Private Law">Roman Agrarian History and Its Significance for Public and Private Law</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Condition_of_Farm_Labour_in_Eastern_Germany" title="Condition of Farm Labour in Eastern Germany">Condition of Farm Labour in Eastern Germany</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stock_Exchange_(book)" title="The Stock Exchange (book)">The Stock Exchange</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protestant_Ethic_and_the_Spirit_of_Capitalism" title="The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism">The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Ethics_of_the_World_Religions" title="The Economic Ethics of the World Religions">The Economic Ethics of the World Religions</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Religion_of_China" title="The Religion of China">The Religion of China</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Religion_of_India" title="The Religion of India">The Religion of India</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Judaism_(book)" title="Ancient Judaism (book)">Ancient Judaism</a></i> (1921)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_Religion_(book)" title="Sociology of Religion (book)">Sociology of Religion</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_(Weber_book)" title="The City (Weber book)">The City</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Economy_and_Society" title="Economy and Society">Economy and Society</a></i> (1922)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_%22Objectivity%22_of_Knowledge_in_Social_Science_and_Social_Policy" title="The "Objectivity" of Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy">The 'Objectivity' of Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy</a>" (1904)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Protestant_Sects_and_the_Spirit_of_Capitalism" title="The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism">The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism</a>" (1904)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rejection_and_the_Meaning_of_the_World" title="The Rejection and the Meaning of the World">The Rejection and the Meaning of the World</a>" (1916)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Science_as_a_Vocation" title="Science as a Vocation">Science as a Vocation</a>" (1917)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Politics_as_a_Vocation" title="Politics as a Vocation">Politics as a Vocation</a>" (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Economic_History" title="General Economic History">General Economic History</a></i> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disenchantment" title="Disenchantment">Disenchantment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethic_of_ultimate_ends" title="Ethic of ultimate ends">Ethic of ultimate ends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_type" title="Ideal type">Ideal type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner-worldly_asceticism" title="Inner-worldly asceticism">Inner-worldly asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_cage" title="Iron cage">Iron cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_chances" title="Life chances">Life chances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodological_individualism" title="Methodological individualism">Methodological individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence" title="Monopoly on violence">Monopoly on violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalization_(sociology)" title="Rationalization (sociology)">Rationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_action" title="Social action">Social action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affectional_action" title="Affectional action">Affectional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional action">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumental action">Instrumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-rational_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Value-rational action">Value-rational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-component_theory_of_stratification" title="Three-component theory of stratification">Three-component theory of stratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_classification_of_authority" title="Tripartite classification of authority">Tripartite classification of authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_authority" title="Charismatic authority">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rational-legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-freedom" title="Value-freedom">Value-freedom</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Verstehen" title="Verstehen">Verstehen</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber_Sr." title="Max Weber Sr.">Max Weber Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Weber" title="Alfred Weber">Alfred Weber</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Weber" title="Marianne Weber">Marianne Weber</a> (wife)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Verein_f%C3%BCr_Socialpolitik" title="Verein für Socialpolitik">Verein für Socialpolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Archiv_f%C3%BCr_Sozialwissenschaft_und_Sozialpolitik" title="Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik">Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Sociological_Association" title="German Sociological Association">German Sociological Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Party" title="German Democratic Party">German Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber_Foundation" title="Max Weber Foundation">Max Weber Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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