CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.waset.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <title>Search results for: high voltage electrical discharges</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: high voltage electrical discharges"> <meta name="keywords" content="high voltage electrical discharges"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="high voltage electrical discharges" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2025/2026/2027">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="high voltage electrical discharges"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 22317</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: high voltage electrical discharges</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22317</span> Technico-Economical Study of a Rapeseed Based Biorefinery Using High Voltage Electrical Discharges and Ultrasounds as Pretreatment Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20Brahim">Marwa Brahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Brosse"> Nicolas Brosse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Boussetta"> Nadia Boussetta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Grimi"> Nabil Grimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Vorobiev"> Eugene Vorobiev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapeseed plant is an established product in France which is mainly dedicated to oil production. However, the economic potential of residues from this industry (rapeseed hulls, rapeseed cake, rapeseed straw etc.), has not been fully exploited. Currently, only low-grade applications are found in the market. As a consequence, it was deemed of interest to develop a technological platform aiming to convert rapeseed residues into value- added products. Specifically, a focus is given on the conversion of rapeseed straw into valuable molecules (e.g. lignin, glucose). Existing pretreatment technologies have many drawbacks mainly the production of sugar degradation products that limit the effectiveness of saccharification and fermentation steps in the overall scheme of the lignocellulosic biorefinery. In addition, the viability of fractionation strategies is a challenge in an environmental context increasingly standardized. Hence, the need to find cleaner alternatives with comparable efficiency by implementing physical phenomena that could destabilize the structural integrity of biomass without necessarily using chemical solvents. To meet environmental standards increasingly stringent, the present work aims to study the new pretreatment strategies involving lower consumption of chemicals with an attenuation of the severity of the treatment. These strategies consist on coupling physical treatments either high voltage electrical discharges or ultrasounds to conventional chemical pretreatments (soda and organosolv). Ultrasounds treatment is based on the cavitation phenomenon, and high voltage electrical discharges cause an electrical breakdown accompanied by many secondary phenomena. The choice of process was based on a technological feasibility study taking into account the economic profitability of the whole chain after products valorization. Priority was given to sugars valorization into bioethanol and lignin sale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges" title="high voltage electrical discharges">high voltage electrical discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organosolv" title=" organosolv"> organosolv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatment%20strategies" title=" pretreatment strategies"> pretreatment strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapeseed%20straw" title=" rapeseed straw"> rapeseed straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soda" title=" soda"> soda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasounds" title=" ultrasounds"> ultrasounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58493/technico-economical-study-of-a-rapeseed-based-biorefinery-using-high-voltage-electrical-discharges-and-ultrasounds-as-pretreatment-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22316</span> Experimental Parameters’ Effects on the Electrical Discharge Machining Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmae%20Tafraouti">Asmae Tafraouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina%20Layouni"> Yasmina Layouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Kleimann"> Pascal Kleimann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing market for Microsystems (MST) and Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) is driving the research for alternative manufacturing techniques to microelectronics-based technologies, which are generally expensive and time-consuming. Hot-embossing and micro-injection modeling of thermoplastics appear to be industrially viable processes. However, both require the use of master models, usually made in hard materials such as steel. These master models cannot be fabricated using standard microelectronics processes. Thus, other micromachining processes are used, such as laser machining or micro-electrical discharge machining (µEDM). In this work, µEDM has been used. The principle of µEDM is based on the use of a thin cylindrical micro-tool that erodes the workpiece surface. The two electrodes are immersed in a dielectric with a distance of a few micrometers (gap). When an electrical voltage is applied between the two electrodes, electrical discharges are generated, which cause material machining. In order to produce master models with high resolution and smooth surfaces, it is necessary to well control the discharge mechanism. However, several problems are encountered, such as a random electrical discharge process, the fluctuation of the discharge energy, the electrodes' polarity inversion, and the wear of the micro-tool. The effect of different parameters, such as the applied voltage, the working capacitor, the micro-tool diameter, and the initial gap, has been studied. This analysis helps to improve the machining performances, such as the workpiece surface condition and the lateral crater's gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craters" title="craters">craters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20discharges" title=" electrical discharges"> electrical discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-electrical%20discharge%20machining" title=" micro-electrical discharge machining"> micro-electrical discharge machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsystems" title=" microsystems"> microsystems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146294/experimental-parameters-effects-on-the-electrical-discharge-machining-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22315</span> Experimental Parameters’ Effects on the Electrical Discharge Machining Performances (µEDM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmae%20Tafraouti">Asmae Tafraouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina%20Layouni"> Yasmina Layouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Kleimann"> Pascal Kleimann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing market for Microsystems (MST) and Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) is driving the research for alternative manufacturing techniques to microelectronics-based technologies, which are generally expensive and time-consuming. Hot-embossing and micro-injection modeling of thermoplastics appear to be industrially viable processes. However, both require the use of master models, usually made in hard materials such as steel. These master models cannot be fabricated using standard microelectronics processes. Thus, other micromachining processes are used, as laser machining or micro-electrical discharge machining (µEDM). In this work, µEDM has been used. The principle of µEDM is based on the use of a thin cylindrical micro-tool that erodes the workpiece surface. The two electrodes are immersed in a dielectric with a distance of a few micrometers (gap). When an electrical voltage is applied between the two electrodes, electrical discharges are generated, which cause material machining. In order to produce master models with high resolution and smooth surfaces, it is necessary to well control the discharge mechanism. However, several problems are encountered, such as a random electrical discharge process, the fluctuation of the discharge energy, the electrodes' polarity inversion, and the wear of the micro-tool. The effect of different parameters, such as the applied voltage, the working capacitor, the micro-tool diameter, the initial gap, has been studied. This analysis helps to improve the machining performances, such: the workpiece surface condition and the lateral crater's gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craters" title="craters">craters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20discharges" title=" electrical discharges"> electrical discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-electrical%20discharge%20machining%20%28%C2%B5EDM%29" title=" micro-electrical discharge machining (µEDM)"> micro-electrical discharge machining (µEDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsystems" title=" microsystems"> microsystems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150983/experimental-parameters-effects-on-the-electrical-discharge-machining-performances-edm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22314</span> Chaotic Response of Electrical Insulation System with Gaseous Dielectric under High AC and DC Voltages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arijit%20Basuray">Arijit Basuray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that if an electrical insulation system is stressed under high voltage then discharge may occur in various form and if the system is made of composite dielectric having interfaces of materials having different dielectric constant discharge may occur due to gross mismatch of dielectric constant causing intense local field in the interfaces. Here author has studied, firstly, behavior of discharges in gaseous dielectric circuit under AC and DC voltages. A gaseous dielectric circuit is made such that a pair of electrode of typical geometry is used to make the discharges occur under application of AC and DC voltages. Later on, composite insulation system with air gap is also studied. Discharge response of the dielectric circuit is measured across a typically designed impedance. The time evolution of the discharge characteristics showed some interesting chaotic behavior. Author here proposed some analysis of such behavior of the discharge pattern and discussed about the possibility of presence of such discharge circuit in lumped electric circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20insulation%20system" title="electrical insulation system">electrical insulation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIS" title=" EIS"> EIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20dielectric" title=" composite dielectric"> composite dielectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharge" title=" discharge"> discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos" title=" chaos"> chaos</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103867/chaotic-response-of-electrical-insulation-system-with-gaseous-dielectric-under-high-ac-and-dc-voltages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22313</span> Analysis of the Reactive Field and Potential of a Self-Cleaning Coated Insulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talit%20Belhoul">Talit Belhoul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Kornhuber"> Stefan Kornhuber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaus%20Dieter%20Haim"> Klaus Dieter Haim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Alouache"> Sara Alouache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chafiaa%20Serir"> Chafiaa Serir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Mokrani"> Zahra Mokrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radia%20Abdelli"> Radia Abdelli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As part of our study, we explored the behavior of different types of high-voltage insulators, specifically those used in power transmission networks subjected to harsh environmental conditions. Insulators are essential components that ensure the safety and reliability of the network by preventing leakage currents and isolating power lines from supporting structures, even in environments frequently exposed to humidity, pollution, and extreme weather conditions. To thoroughly understand their performance, we conducted both practical and numerical tests. The practical tests were carried out at the high-voltage laboratory of the University of Bejaia, where we subjected the insulators to various voltage levels and observed their responses in terms of withstanding voltage and electrical discharges. In parallel, we used the COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 simulation software to model the insulators and analyze the electric fields and potentials in the surrounding areas. This combined approach allowed us to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the insulators' performance. The test results with a wet silicone insulator showed that water droplets deformed in the direction of the electric field lines, leading to partial discharges. The withstand voltage was slightly influenced by the conductivity of the contamination, whether in the form of droplets on the silicone insulator or a layer on the glass cap-and-pin insulator. We observed that the presence of contamination reduced the insulating capacity, making it conductive. To enhance protection, a superhydrophobic coating was applied. The superhydrophobic layer plays a crucial role in maintaining a clean and dry surface on the insulator. Using COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate the electric field and potential proved beneficial in understanding electrical phenomena such as field distribution and discharge arcs in high-voltage insulators. Our study highlighted a strong correlation between the experimental results and the numerical simulations in this specific field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20insulator" title="high voltage insulator">high voltage insulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20droplets" title=" water droplets"> water droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COMSOL%20multiphysics" title=" COMSOL multiphysics"> COMSOL multiphysics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198740/analysis-of-the-reactive-field-and-potential-of-a-self-cleaning-coated-insulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22312</span> Electronic Device Robustness against Electrostatic Discharges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20Oliver">Clara Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oibar%20Martinez"> Oibar Martinez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is intended to reveal the severity of electrostatic discharge (ESD) effects in electronic and optoelectronic devices by performing sensitivity tests based on Human Body Model (HBM) standard. We explain here the HBM standard in detail together with the typical failure modes associated with electrostatic discharges. In addition, a prototype of electrostatic charge generator has been designed, fabricated, and verified to stress electronic devices, which features a compact high voltage source. This prototype is inexpensive and enables one to do a battery of pre-compliance tests aimed at detecting unexpected weaknesses to static discharges at the component level. Some tests with different devices were performed to illustrate the behavior of the proposed generator. A set of discharges was applied according to the HBM standard to commercially available bipolar transistors, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors and light emitting diodes. It is observed that high current and voltage ratings in electronic devices not necessarily provide a guarantee that the device will withstand high levels of electrostatic discharges. We have also compared the result obtained by performing the sensitivity tests based on HBM with a real discharge generated by a human. For this purpose, the charge accumulated in the person is monitored, and a direct discharge against the devices is generated by touching them. Every test has been performed under controlled relative humidity conditions. It is believed that this paper can be of interest for research teams involved in the development of electronic and optoelectronic devices which need to verify the reliability of their devices in terms of robustness to electrostatic discharges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20body%20model" title="human body model">human body model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20discharge" title=" electrostatic discharge"> electrostatic discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20tests" title=" sensitivity tests"> sensitivity tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20charge%20monitoring" title=" static charge monitoring"> static charge monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107659/electronic-device-robustness-against-electrostatic-discharges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22311</span> A Silicon Controlled Rectifier-Based ESD Protection Circuit with High Holding Voltage and High Robustness Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-il%20Do">Kyoung-il Do</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung-seok%20Lee"> Byung-seok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-guk%20Chae"> Hee-guk Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-yun%20Seo%20Yong-seo%20Koo"> Jeong-yun Seo Yong-seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)-based Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection circuit with high holding voltage and high robustness characteristics is proposed. Unlike conventional SCR, the proposed circuit has low trigger voltage and high holding voltage and provides effective ESD protection with latch-up immunity. In addition, the TCAD simulation results show that the proposed circuit has better electrical characteristics than the conventional SCR. A stack technology was used for voltage-specific applications. Consequentially, the proposed circuit has a trigger voltage of 17.60 V and a holding voltage of 3.64 V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latch-up" title=" latch-up"> latch-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20clamp" title=" power clamp"> power clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89519/a-silicon-controlled-rectifier-based-esd-protection-circuit-with-high-holding-voltage-and-high-robustness-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22310</span> Intelligent Tutor Using Adaptive Learning to Partial Discharges with Virtual Reality Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hern%C3%A1ndez%20Yasmi%CC%81n">Hernández Yasmín</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ochoa%20Alberto"> Ochoa Alberto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hurtado%20Diego"> Hurtado Diego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is developing an intelligent tutoring system for electrical operators training with virtual reality systems at the laboratory center of partials discharges LAPEM. The electrical domain requires efficient and well trained personnel, due to the danger involved in the partials discharges field, qualified electricians are required. This paper presents an overview of the intelligent tutor adaptive learning design and user interface with VR. We propose the develop of constructing a model domain of a subset of partial discharges enables adaptive training through a trainee model which represents the affective and knowledge states of trainees. According to the success of the intelligent tutor system with VR, it is also hypothesized that the trainees will able to learn the electrical domain installations of partial discharges and gain knowledge more efficient and well trained than trainees using traditional methods of teaching without running any risk of being in danger, traditional methods makes training lengthily, costly and dangerously. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20tutoring%20system" title="intelligent tutoring system">intelligent tutoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partials%20discharges" title=" partials discharges"> partials discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20learning" title=" adaptive learning"> adaptive learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68020/intelligent-tutor-using-adaptive-learning-to-partial-discharges-with-virtual-reality-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22309</span> High-Quality Flavor of Black Belly Pork under Lightning Corona Discharge Using Tesla Coil for High Voltage Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Hoon%20Jang">Kyung-Hoon Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hyo%20Park"> Jae-Hyo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang-Yeop%20Jang"> Kwang-Yeop Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongjin%20Kim"> Dongjin Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891. It is used to produce high voltage, low current and high frequency alternating current electricity. Tesla experimented with a number of different configurations consisting of two or sometimes three coupled resonant electric circuits. This paper focuses on development and high voltage education to apply a Tesla coil to cuisine for high quality flavor and taste conditioning as well as high voltage education under 50 kV corona discharge. The result revealed that the velocity of roasted black belly pork by Tesla coil is faster than that of conventional methods such as hot grill and steel plate etc. depending on applied voltage level and applied voltage time. Besides, carbohydrate and crude protein increased, whereas natrium and saccharides significantly decreased after lightning surge by Tesla coil. This idea will be useful in high voltage education and high voltage application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corona%20discharge" title="corona discharge">corona discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesla%20coil" title=" Tesla coil"> Tesla coil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20application" title=" high voltage application"> high voltage application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20education" title=" high voltage education"> high voltage education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77120/high-quality-flavor-of-black-belly-pork-under-lightning-corona-discharge-using-tesla-coil-for-high-voltage-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22308</span> Dielectric Properties in Frequency Domain of Main Insulation System of Printed Circuit Board</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xize%20Dai">Xize Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Hao"> Jian Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claus%20Leth%20Bak"> Claus Leth Bak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gian%20Carlo%20Montanari"> Gian Carlo Montanari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huai%20Wang"> Huai Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a critical component applicable to power electronics systems, especially for high-voltage applications involving several high-voltage and high-frequency SiC/GaN devices. The insulation system of PCB is facing more challenges from high-voltage and high-frequency stress that can alter the dielectric properties. Dielectric properties of the PCB insulation system also determine the electrical field distribution that correlates with intrinsic and extrinsic aging mechanisms. Hence, investigating the dielectric properties in the frequency domain of the PCB insulation system is a must. The paper presents the frequency-dependent, temperature-dependent, and voltage-dependent dielectric properties, permittivity, conductivity, and dielectric loss tangents of PCB insulation systems. The dielectric properties mechanisms associated with frequency, temperature, and voltage are revealed from the design perspective. It can be concluded that the dielectric properties of PCB in the frequency domain show a strong dependence on voltage, frequency, and temperature. The voltage-, frequency-, and temperature-dependent dielectric properties are associated with intrinsic conduction behavior and polarization patterns from the perspective of dielectric theory. The results may provide some reference for the PCB insulation system design in high voltage, high frequency, and high-temperature power electronics applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20insulation%20system" title="electrical insulation system">electrical insulation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20properties" title=" dielectric properties"> dielectric properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20and%20frequency" title=" high voltage and frequency"> high voltage and frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printed%20circuit%20board" title=" printed circuit board"> printed circuit board</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168071/dielectric-properties-in-frequency-domain-of-main-insulation-system-of-printed-circuit-board" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22307</span> SCR-Stacking Structure with High Holding Voltage for IO and Power Clamp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Young%20Kim">Hyun Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung%20Kwang%20Lee"> Chung Kwang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Hee%20Cho">Han Hee Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Woon%20Cho"> Sang Woon Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Seo%20Koo"> Yong Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed a novel SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) - based ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection device for I/O and power clamp. The proposed device has a higher holding voltage characteristic than conventional SCR. These characteristics enable to have latch-up immunity under normal operating conditions as well as superior full chip ESD protection. The proposed device was analyzed to figure out electrical characteristics and tolerance robustness in term of individual design parameters (D1, D2, D3). They are investigated by using the Synopsys TCAD simulator. As a result of simulation, holding voltage increased with different design parameters. The holding voltage of the proposed device changes from 3.3V to 7.9V. Also, N-Stack structure ESD device with the high holding voltage is proposed. In the simulation results, 2-stack has holding voltage of 6.8V and 3-stack has holding voltage of 10.5V. The simulation results show that holding voltage of stacking structure can be larger than the operation voltage of high-voltage application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack" title=" stack"> stack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20clamp" title=" power clamp"> power clamp</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30148/scr-stacking-structure-with-high-holding-voltage-for-io-and-power-clamp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22306</span> Analysis of SCR-Based ESD Protection Circuit on Holding Voltage Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Seo%20Koo">Yong Seo Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Ho%20Nam"> Jong Ho Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Nam%20Choi"> Yong Nam Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae%20Yeol%20Yoo"> Dae Yeol Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Woo%20Han"> Jung Woo Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a silicon controller rectifier (SCR) based ESD protection circuit for IC. The proposed ESD protection circuit has low trigger voltage and high holding voltage compared with conventional SCR ESD protection circuit. Electrical characteristics of the proposed ESD protection circuit are simulated and analyzed using TCAD simulator. The proposed ESD protection circuit verified effective low voltage ESD characteristics with low trigger voltage and high holding voltage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-static%20discharge%20%28ESD%29" title="electro-static discharge (ESD)">electro-static discharge (ESD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20controlled%20rectifier%20%28SCR%29" title=" silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)"> silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection%20circuit" title=" protection circuit"> protection circuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9524/analysis-of-scr-based-esd-protection-circuit-on-holding-voltage-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22305</span> Electrical Characterization of Hg/n-bulk GaN Schottky Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Nabil">B. Nabil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Zahir"> O. Zahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Abdelaziz"> R. Abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present the results of electrical characterizations current-voltage and capacity-voltage implementation of a method of making a Schottky diode on bulk gallium nitride doped n. We made temporary Schottky contact of Mercury (Hg) and an ohmic contact of silver (Ag), the electrical characterizations current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) allows us to determine the difference parameters of our structure (Hg /n-GaN) as the barrier height (ΦB), the ideality factor (n), the series resistor (Rs), the voltage distribution (Vd), the doping of the substrate (Nd) and density of interface states (Nss). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulk%20Gallium%20nitride" title="Bulk Gallium nitride">Bulk Gallium nitride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20characterization" title=" electrical characterization"> electrical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diode" title=" Schottky diode"> Schottky diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=series%20resistance" title=" series resistance"> series resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20doping" title=" substrate doping"> substrate doping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1498/electrical-characterization-of-hgn-bulk-gan-schottky-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22304</span> Fast High Voltage Solid State Switch Using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor for Discharge-Pumped Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Syarafina%20Binti%20Othman">Nur Syarafina Binti Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsubasa%20Jindo"> Tsubasa Jindo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makato%20Yamada"> Makato Yamada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miho%20Tsuyama"> Miho Tsuyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitoshi%20Nakano"> Hitoshi Nakano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel method to produce a fast high voltage solid states switch using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) is presented for discharge-pumped gas lasers. The IGBTs are connected in series to achieve a high voltage rating. An avalanche transistor is used as the gate driver. The fast pulse generated by the avalanche transistor quickly charges the large input capacitance of the IGBT, resulting in a switch out of a fast high-voltage pulse. The switching characteristic of fast-high voltage solid state switch has been estimated in the multi-stage series-connected IGBT with the applied voltage of several tens of kV. Electrical circuit diagram and the mythology of fast-high voltage solid state switch as well as experimental results obtained are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage" title="high voltage">high voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IGBT" title=" IGBT"> IGBT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20state%20switch" title=" solid state switch"> solid state switch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipolar%20transistor" title=" bipolar transistor"> bipolar transistor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13067/fast-high-voltage-solid-state-switch-using-insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor-for-discharge-pumped-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22303</span> A Study on ESD Protection Circuit Applying Silicon Controlled Rectifier-Based Stack Technology with High Holding Voltage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-Guk%20Chae">Hee-Guk Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo-Bae%20Song"> Bo-Bae Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Il%20Do"> Kyoung-Il Do</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Yun%20Seo"> Jeong-Yun Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Seo%20Koo"> Yong-Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an improved Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection circuit with low trigger voltage and high holding voltage is proposed. ESD has become a serious problem in the semiconductor process because the semiconductor density has become very high these days. Therefore, much research has been done to prevent ESD. The proposed circuit is a stacked structure of the new unit structure combined by the Zener Triggering (SCR ZTSCR) and the High Holding Voltage SCR (HHVSCR). The simulation results show that the proposed circuit has low trigger voltage and high holding voltage. And the stack technology is applied to adjust the various operating voltage. As the results, the holding voltage is 7.7 V for 2-stack and 10.7 V for 3-stack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latch-up" title=" latch-up"> latch-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20clamp" title=" power clamp"> power clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80537/a-study-on-esd-protection-circuit-applying-silicon-controlled-rectifier-based-stack-technology-with-high-holding-voltage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22302</span> New Findings on the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) of Aluminium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Martin">J. Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nomin%C3%A9"> A. Nominé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Czerwiec"> T. Czerwiec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Henrion"> G. Henrion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Belmonte"> T. Belmonte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a particular electrochemical process to produce protective oxide ceramic coatings on light-weight metals (Al, Mg, Ti). When applied to aluminum alloys, the resulting PEO coating exhibit improved wear and corrosion resistance because thick, hard, compact and adherent crystalline alumina layers can be achieved. Several investigations have been carried out to improve the efficiency of the PEO process and one particular way consists in tuning the suitable electrical regime. Despite the considerable interest in this process, there is still no clear understanding of the underlying discharge mechanisms that make possible metal oxidation up to hundreds of µm through the ceramic layer. A key parameter that governs the PEO process is the numerous short-lived micro-discharges (micro-plasma in liquid) that occur continuously over the processed surface when the high applied voltage exceeds the critical dielectric breakdown value of the growing ceramic layer. By using a bipolar pulsed current to supply the electrodes, we previously observed that micro-discharges are delayed with respect to the rising edge of the anodic current. Nevertheless, explanation of the origin of such phenomena is still not clear and needs more systematic investigations. The aim of the present communication is to identify the relationship that exists between this delay and the mechanisms responsible of the oxide growth. For this purpose, the delay of micro-discharges ignition is investigated as the function of various electrical parameters such as the current density (J), the current pulse frequency (F) and the anodic to cathodic charge quantity ratio (R = Qp/Qn) delivered to the electrodes. The PEO process was conducted on Al2214 aluminum alloy substrates in a solution containing potassium hydroxide [KOH] and sodium silicate diluted in deionized water. The light emitted from micro-discharges was detected by a photomultiplier and the micro-discharge parameters (number, size, life-time) were measured during the process by means of ultra-fast video imaging (125 kfr./s). SEM observations and roughness measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the elaborated oxide coatings while XRD was carried out to evaluate the amount of corundum -Al203 phase. Results show that whatever the applied current waveform, the delay of micro-discharge appearance increases as the process goes on. Moreover, the delay is shorter when the current density J (A/dm2), the current pulse frequency F (Hz) and the ratio of charge quantity R are high. It also appears that shorter delays are associated to stronger micro-discharges (localized, long and large micro-discharges) which have a detrimental effect on the elaborated oxide layers (thin and porous). On the basis of the results, a model for the growth of the PEO oxide layers will be presented and discussed. Experimental results support that a mechanism of electrical charge accumulation at the oxide surface / electrolyte interface takes place until the dielectric breakdown occurs and thus until micro-discharges appear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title="aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-discharges" title=" micro-discharges"> micro-discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20mechanisms" title=" oxidation mechanisms"> oxidation mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20electrolytic%20oxidation" title=" plasma electrolytic oxidation "> plasma electrolytic oxidation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37937/new-findings-on-the-plasma-electrolytic-oxidation-peo-of-aluminium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22301</span> Analysis of Stacked SCR-Based ESD Protection Circuit with Low Trigger Voltage and Latch-Up Immunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Geol%20Park">Jun-Geol Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Il%20Do"> Kyoung-Il Do</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Ju%20Kwon"> Min-Ju Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Hyun%20Park"> Kyung-Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Seo%20Koo"> Yong-Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed the SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)-based ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection circuit for latch-up immunity. The proposed circuit has a lower trigger voltage and a higher holding voltage characteristic by using the zener diode structure. These characteristics prevent latch-up problem in normal operating conditions. The proposed circuit was analyzed to figure out the electrical characteristics by the variations of design parameters D1, D2 and stack technology to obtain the n-fold electrical characteristics. The simulations are accomplished by using the Synopsys TCAD simulator. When using the stack technology, 2-stack has the holding voltage of 6.9V and 3-stack has the holding voltage of 10.9V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigger%20voltage" title=" trigger voltage"> trigger voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56482/analysis-of-stacked-scr-based-esd-protection-circuit-with-low-trigger-voltage-and-latch-up-immunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22300</span> Modeling and Minimizing the Effects of Ferroresonance for Medium Voltage Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Mohammadi%20Sanjani">Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi Sanjani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashknaz%20Oraee"> Ashknaz Oraee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arian%20Amirnia"> Arian Amirnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atena%20Taheri"> Atena Taheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Arabi"> Mohammadreza Arabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Fotuhi-Firuzabad"> Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ferroresonance effects cause overvoltage in medium voltage transformers and isolators used in electrical networks. Ferroresonance effects are nonlinear and occur between the network capacitor and the nonlinear inductance of the voltage transformer during saturation. This phenomenon is unwanted for transformers since it causes overheating, introduction of high dynamic forces in primary coils, and rise of voltage in primary coils for the voltage transformer. Furthermore, it results in electrical and thermal failure of the transformer. Expansion of distribution lines, design of the transformer in smaller sizes, and the increase of harmonics in distribution networks result in an increase of ferroresonance. There is limited literature available to improve the effects of ferroresonance; therefore, optimizing its effects for voltage transformers is of great importance. In this study, comprehensive modeling of a medium voltage block-type voltage transformer is performed. In addition, a recent model is proposed to improve the performance of voltage transformers during the occurrence of ferroresonance using damping oscillations. Also, transformer design optimization is presented in this study to show further improvements in the performance of the voltage transformer. The recently proposed model is experimentally tested and verified on a medium voltage transformer in the laboratory, and simulation results show a large reduction of the effects of ferroresonance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20transformer" title=" voltage transformer"> voltage transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroresonance" title=" ferroresonance"> ferroresonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damper" title=" damper"> damper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169686/modeling-and-minimizing-the-effects-of-ferroresonance-for-medium-voltage-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22299</span> Inactivation of Rhodotorula spp. 74 with Cold Atmospheric Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20Herceg">Zoran Herceg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vi%C5%A1nja%20Stuli%C4%87"> Višnja Stulić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomislava%20Vuku%C5%A1i%C4%87"> Tomislava Vukušić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anet%20Re%C5%BEek%20Jambrak"> Anet Režek Jambrak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High voltage electrical discharge is a new technology used for inactivation of pathogen microorganisms. Pathogen yeasts can cause diseases in humans if they are ingested. Nowadays new technologies have become the focus of researching all over the world. Rhodotorula is known as yeast that can cause diseases in humans. The aim of this study was to examine whether the high voltage electrical discharge treatment generated in gas phase has an influence on yeast reduction and recovery of Rhodotorula spp 74 in pure culture. Rhodotorula spp. 74 was treated in 200 mL of model solution. Treatment time (5 and 10 min), frequency (60 and 90 Hz) and injected gas (air or argon 99,99%) were changed. Titanium high voltage needle was used as high voltage electrode (positive polarity) through which air or argon was injected at the gas flow of 0.6 L/min. Experimental design and statistical analyses were obtained by Statgraphics Centurion software (StatPoint Technologies, Inc., VA, USA). The best inactivation rate 1.7 log10 reduction was observed after the 10 min of treatment, frequency of 90 Hz and injected air. Also with a longer treatment time inactivation rate was higher. After the 24 h recovery of treated samples was observed. Therefore the further optimization of method is needed to understand the mechanism of yeasts inactivation and cells recovery after the treatment. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge the support by Croatian Science Foundation and research project ‘Application of electrical discharge plasma for preservation of liquid foods’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodotorula%20spp.%2074" title="rhodotorula spp. 74">rhodotorula spp. 74</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20discharge%20plasma" title=" electrical discharge plasma"> electrical discharge plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inactivation" title=" inactivation"> inactivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20response" title=" stress response"> stress response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59287/inactivation-of-rhodotorula-spp-74-with-cold-atmospheric-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22298</span> New Series Input Parallel Output LLC DC/DC Converter with the Input Voltage Balancing Capacitor for the Electric System of Electric Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Hyun%20Yi">Kang Hyun Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new parallel output LLC DC/DC converter for electric vehicle. The electric vehicle has two batteries. One is a high voltage battery for the powertrain of the vehicle and the other is a low voltage battery for the vehicle electric system. The low voltage is charged from the high voltage battery and the high voltage input and the high current output DC/DC converter is needed. Therefore, the new LLC converter with the input voltage compensation is proposed for the high voltage input and the low voltage output DC/DC converter. The proposed circuit has two LLC converters with the series input voltage from the battery for the powertrain and the parallel output low battery voltage for the vehicle electric system because the battery voltage for the powertrain and the electric power for the vehicle become high. Also, the input series voltage compensation capacitor is used for balancing the input current in the two LLC converters. The proposed converter has an equal electric stress of the semiconductor parts and the reactive components, high efficiency and good heat dissipation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLC%20DC%2FDC%20converter" title=" LLC DC/DC converter"> LLC DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20voltage%20balancing" title=" input voltage balancing"> input voltage balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20output" title=" parallel output"> parallel output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31896/new-series-input-parallel-output-llc-dcdc-converter-with-the-input-voltage-balancing-capacitor-for-the-electric-system-of-electric-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1057</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22297</span> Design and Construction of an Impulse Current Generator for Lightning Strike Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Yousefpour">Kamran Yousefpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Rostaghi-Chalaki"> Mojtaba Rostaghi-Chalaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Warden"> Jason Warden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanyeop%20Park"> Chanyeop Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been a rising trend in using impulse current generators to investigate the lightning strike protection of materials including aluminum and composites in structures such as wind turbine blade and aircraft body. The focus of this research is to present a new impulse current generator built in the High Voltage Lab at Mississippi State University. The generator is capable of producing component A and D of the natural lightning discharges in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard, which is widely used in the aerospace industry. The generator can supply lightning impulse energy up to 400 kJ with the capability of producing impulse currents with magnitudes greater than 200 kA. The electrical circuit and physical components of an improved impulse current generator are described and several lightning strike waveforms with different amplitudes is presented for comparing with the standard waveform. The results of this study contribute to the fundamental understanding the functionality of the impulse current generators and present a new impulse current generator developed at the High Voltage Lab of Mississippi State University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impulse%20current%20generator" title="impulse current generator">impulse current generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning" title=" lightning"> lightning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society%20of%20automotive%20engineers" title=" society of automotive engineers"> society of automotive engineers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor" title=" capacitor"> capacitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133530/design-and-construction-of-an-impulse-current-generator-for-lightning-strike-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22296</span> SCR-Based Advanced ESD Protection Device for Low Voltage Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Bae%20Song">Bo Bae Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung%20Seok%20Lee"> Byung Seok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20young%20Kim"> Hyun young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung%20Kwang%20Lee"> Chung Kwang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Seo%20Koo"> Yong Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed a silicon controller rectifier (SCR) based ESD protection device to protect low voltage ESD for integrated circuit. The proposed ESD protection device has low trigger voltage and high holding voltage compared with conventional SCR-based ESD protection devices. The proposed ESD protection circuit is verified and compared by TCAD simulation. This paper verified effective low voltage ESD characteristics with low trigger voltage of 5.79V and high holding voltage of 3.5V through optimization depending on design variables (D1, D2, D3, and D4). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latch-up" title=" latch-up"> latch-up</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21774/scr-based-advanced-esd-protection-device-for-low-voltage-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22295</span> Numerical Investigation of Electrohydrodynamics: Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Solid Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwimon%20Saneewong%20Na%20Ayuttaya">Suwimon Saneewong Na Ayuttaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a numerical investigation of electrically driven flow for enhancing convective heat transfer in a channel flow. This study focuses on the electrode arrangements, number of electrode and electrical voltage on Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) and effect of airflow driven on solid sample surface. The inlet airflow and inlet temperature are 0.35 m/s and 60 <sup>o</sup>C, respectively. High electrical voltage is tested in the range of 0-30 kV and number of electrode is tested in the range of 1-5. The numerical results show that electric field intensity is depended on electrical voltage and number of electrode. Increasing number of electrodes is increased shear flow, so swirling flow is increased. The swirling flows from aligned and staggered arrangements are affecting within the solid sample. When electrical voltage is increased, temperature distribution and convective heat transfer on the solid sample are significantly increased due to the electric force much stronger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrohydrodynamics%20%28EHD%29" title="electrohydrodynamics (EHD)">electrohydrodynamics (EHD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirling%20flow" title=" swirling flow"> swirling flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convective%20heat%20transfer" title=" convective heat transfer"> convective heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20sample" title=" solid sample"> solid sample</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47905/numerical-investigation-of-electrohydrodynamics-enhanced-heat-transfer-in-a-solid-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22294</span> High Voltage Magnetic Pulse Generation Using Capacitor Discharge Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Adel%20Abdallah">Mohamed Adel Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high voltage magnetic pulse is designed by applying an electrical pulse to the coil. Capacitor banks are developed to generate a pulse current. Switching circuit consisting of DPDT switches, thyristor, and triggering circuit is built and tested. The coil current is measured using a Hall-effect current sensor. The magnetic pulse created is measured and tabulated in the graph. Simulation using FEMM is done to compare the results obtained between experiment and simulation. This technology can be applied to area such as medical equipment, measuring instrument, and military equipment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage" title="high voltage">high voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20pulse" title=" magnetic pulse"> magnetic pulse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor%20discharge" title=" capacitor discharge"> capacitor discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coil" title=" coil"> coil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18438/high-voltage-magnetic-pulse-generation-using-capacitor-discharge-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">686</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22293</span> Unveiling Electrical Treeing Mechanisms in Epoxy Resin Insulation Degradation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Kuo%20Chang">Chien-Kuo Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=You-Syuan%20Wu"> You-Syuan Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Chiu%20Wu"> Min-Chiu Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharath-Kumar%20Boyanapalli"> Bharath-Kumar Boyanapalli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrical treeing mechanism in epoxy resin insulation is a critical area of study concerning the degradation of high-voltage electrical equipment. In this study, we conducted pressure-induced degradation experiments on epoxy resin specimens using a needle-plane electrode structure to simulate electrical treeing. The specimens featured two different defect spacings, allowing for detailed observation facilitated by time-lapse photography. Our investigation revealed four distinct stages of insulation degradation: initial dark tree growth, filamentary tree growth, reverse tree growth, and eventual insulation breakdown. The initial dark treeing stage, though shortest in duration, exhibited a thicker main branch and shorter branching, ceasing upon the appearance of filamentary treeing. Filamentary treeing manifested in two forms: dark filamentary treeing during the resin's glassy state, characterized by branching structures, and fuzzy filamentary treeing during the rubbery state, resembling white feathers. The channels formed by filamentary treeing were observed to be as narrow as a few micrometers and continued to grow until the end of the experiment. Additionally, the transition to reverse treeing occurred when filamentary treeing reached the ground electrode, with the earliest manifestation being growth from the ground electrode towards the high-voltage end. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin%20insulation" title="epoxy resin insulation">epoxy resin insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-voltage%20equipment" title=" high-voltage equipment"> high-voltage equipment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20treeing%20mechanism" title=" electrical treeing mechanism"> electrical treeing mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183069/unveiling-electrical-treeing-mechanisms-in-epoxy-resin-insulation-degradation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22292</span> DC-to-DC Converters for Low-Voltage High-Power Renewable Energy Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdar%20Ali">Abdar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Ullah"> Rizwan Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahid%20Ullah"> Zahid Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the study of DC-to-DC converters, which are suitable for low-voltage high-power applications. The output voltages generated by renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic arrays and fuel cell stacks are generally low and required to be increased to high voltage levels. Development of DC-to-DC converters, which provide high step-up voltage conversion ratios with high efficiencies and low voltage stresses is one of the main issues in the development of renewable energy systems. A procedure for three converters-conventional DC-to-DC converter, interleaved boost converter, and isolated flyback based converter, is illustrated for a given set of specifications. The selection among the converters for the given application is based on the voltage conversion ratio, efficiency, and voltage stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flyback%20converter" title="flyback converter">flyback converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleaved%20boost" title=" interleaved boost"> interleaved boost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20array" title=" photovoltaic array"> photovoltaic array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switch%20stress" title=" switch stress"> switch stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20conversion%20ratio" title=" voltage conversion ratio"> voltage conversion ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32572/dc-to-dc-converters-for-low-voltage-high-power-renewable-energy-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22291</span> Synchronous Generator in Case Voltage Sags for Different Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benalia%20Nadia">Benalia Nadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bensiali%20Nadia"> Bensiali Nadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zezouri%20Noura"> Zezouri Noura </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the effects of voltage sags, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical, on the three-phase Synchronous Machine (SM) when powering an isolate load or infinite bus bar. The vast majority of the electrical power generation systems in the world is consist of synchronous generators coupled to the electrical network though a transformer. Voltage sags on SM cause speed variations, current and torque peaks and hence may cause tripping and equipment damage. The consequences of voltage sags in the machine behavior depends on different factors such as its magnitude (or depth), duration , the parameters of the machine and also the size of load. In this study, we consider the machine feeds an infinite bus bar in the first and the isolate load using symmetric and asymmetric defaults to see the behavior of the machine in both case the simulation have been used on SIMULINK MATLAB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title="power quality">power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20sag" title=" voltage sag"> voltage sag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20generator" title=" synchronous generator"> synchronous generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinite%20system" title=" infinite system"> infinite system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21583/synchronous-generator-in-case-voltage-sags-for-different-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">683</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22290</span> Breakdown Voltage Measurement of High Voltage Transformers Oils Using an Active Microwave Resonator Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Al-Mudhafar">Ahmed A. Al-Mudhafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Abduljabar"> Ali A. Abduljabar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Jawad%20Albattat"> Hayder Jawad Albattat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work suggests a new microwave resonator sensor (MRS) device for measuring the oil’s breakdown voltage of high voltage transformers. A precise high-sensitivity sensor is designed and manufactured based on a microstrip split ring resonator (SRR). To improve the sensor sensitivity, a RF amplifier of 30 dB gain is linked through a transmission line of 50Ω.The sensor operates at a microwave band (L) with a quality factor of 1.35x105 when it is loaded with an empty tube. In this work, the sensor has been tested with three samples of high voltage transformer oil of different ages (new, middle, and damaged) where the quality factor differs with each sample. A mathematical model was built to calculate the breakdown voltage of the transformer oils and the accuracy of the results was higher than 90%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20resonator%20sensor" title="active resonator sensor">active resonator sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20breakdown%20voltage" title=" oil breakdown voltage"> oil breakdown voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformers%20oils" title=" transformers oils"> transformers oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20factor" title=" quality factor"> quality factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157297/breakdown-voltage-measurement-of-high-voltage-transformers-oils-using-an-active-microwave-resonator-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22289</span> Improvement of the 3D Finite Element Analysis of High Voltage Power Transformer Defects in Time Domain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rashid%20Hussain">M. Rashid Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shady%20S.%20Refaat"> Shady S. Refaat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high voltage power transformer is the most essential part of the electrical power utilities. Reliability on the transformers is the utmost concern, and any failure of the transformers can lead to catastrophic losses in electric power utility. The causes of transformer failure include insulation failure by partial discharge, core and tank failure, cooling unit failure, current transformer failure, etc. For the study of power transformer defects, finite element analysis (FEA) can provide valuable information on the severity of defects. FEA provides a more accurate representation of complex geometries because they consider thermal, electrical, and environmental influences on the insulation models to obtain basic characteristics of the insulation system during normal and partial discharge conditions. The purpose of this paper is the time domain analysis of defects 3D model of high voltage power transformer using FEA to study the electric field distribution at different points on the defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20transformer" title="power transformer">power transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20response" title=" dielectric response"> dielectric response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20discharge" title=" partial discharge"> partial discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulation" title=" insulation"> insulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113040/improvement-of-the-3d-finite-element-analysis-of-high-voltage-power-transformer-defects-in-time-domain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22288</span> High-Voltage Resonant Converter with Extreme Load Variation: Design Criteria and Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20A.%20Pomilio">Jose A. Pomilio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olavo%20Bet"> Olavo Bet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mateus%20P.%20Vieira"> Mateus P. Vieira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The power converter that feeds high-frequency, high-voltage transformers must be carefully designed due to parasitic components, mainly the secondary winding capacitance and the leakage inductance, that introduces resonances in relatively low-frequency range, next to the switching frequency. This paper considers applications in which the load (resistive) has an unpredictable behavior, changing from open to short-circuit condition faster than the output voltage control loop could react. In this context, to avoid over voltage and over current situations, that could damage the converter, the transformer or the load, it is necessary to find an operation point that assure the desired output voltage in spite of the load condition. This can done adjusting the frequency response of the transformer adding an external inductance, together with selecting the switching frequency to get stable output voltage independently of the load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-voltage%20transformer" title="high-voltage transformer">high-voltage transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20converter" title=" resonant converter"> resonant converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft-commutation" title=" soft-commutation"> soft-commutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20inductance" title=" external inductance"> external inductance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11524/high-voltage-resonant-converter-with-extreme-load-variation-design-criteria-and-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=743">743</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=744">744</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20voltage%20electrical%20discharges&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>