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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Sifat-sifat </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sifat-sifat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sifat-sifat </button> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atom_dan_fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atom_dan_fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Atom dan fisika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atom_dan_fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_dan_senyawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_dan_senyawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Kimia dan senyawa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_dan_senyawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Isotop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Keterjadian </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Keterjadian </button> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Astronomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Astronomi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terestrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terestrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Terestrial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terestrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Biologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Produksi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Produksi </button> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cadangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cadangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Cadangan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cadangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Harga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekstraksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekstraksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Ekstraksi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekstraksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Kegunaan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kegunaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Kegunaan </button> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keramik_dan_kaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keramik_dan_kaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Keramik dan kaca </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keramik_dan_kaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listrik_dan_elektronik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listrik_dan_elektronik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Listrik dan elektronik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listrik_dan_elektronik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sabun_litium_atau_gemuk_litium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sabun_litium_atau_gemuk_litium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Sabun litium atau gemuk litium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabun_litium_atau_gemuk_litium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalurgi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalurgi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Metalurgi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalurgi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengelasan_nano_silikon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengelasan_nano_silikon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Pengelasan nano silikon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengelasan_nano_silikon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_kimia_dan_industri_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_kimia_dan_industri_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Penggunaan kimia dan industri lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_kimia_dan_industri_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piroteknik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piroteknik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.1 Piroteknik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piroteknik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemurnian_udara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemurnian_udara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.2 Pemurnian udara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemurnian_udara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.3 Optik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_organik_dan_polimer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_organik_dan_polimer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.4 Kimia organik dan polimer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_organik_dan_polimer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi_militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi_militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.5 Aplikasi militer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi_militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuklir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuklir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Nuklir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuklir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kedokteran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kedokteran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Kedokteran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kedokteran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pencegahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencegahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Pencegahan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pencegahan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Pencegahan </button> <ul id="toc-Pencegahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regulasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Regulasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Lihat juga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Litium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 183 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-183" aria-hidden="true" > 183 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሊቲየም – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊቲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Літый – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82" title="Літ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီတီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လီတီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྡོ་རྫས། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྡོ་རྫས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%98%E1%8E%A5%E1%8E%BB" title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="لیتیۆم – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیتیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiwm" title="Lithiwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lithiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λίθιο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίθιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiam" title="Litiam – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Litiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="લિથિયમ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લિથિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A7hey" title="Litçhey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Litçhey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likiuma" title="Likiuma – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Likiuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליתיום – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליתיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lity%C3%B2m" title="Lityòm – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lityòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Լիթիում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիթիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ղիթիոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղիթիոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%ADn" title="Litín – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Litín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="リチウム – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/roksodna" title="roksodna – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="roksodna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyum" title="Litiyum – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Litiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9t%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Lɩtɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩtɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98" title="លីច្យូម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីច្យូម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%AC" title="리튬 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리튬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%90%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%85" title="لیٖتھِیَم – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لیٖتھِیَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEty%C3%BBm" title="Lîtyûm – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîtyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiom" title="Lithiom – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lithiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littio" title="Littio – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Littio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litie" title="Litie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Litie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu" title="Litu – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ລິທຽມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລິທຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litis" title="Litis – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Litis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litijs" title="Litijs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Litijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti%C3%B4ma" title="Litiôma – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലിഥിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിഥിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီသီယမ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီသီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(element)" title="Lithium (element) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lithium (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyeemii" title="Litiyeemii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Litiyeemii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ଲିଥିୟମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିଥିୟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لیتھیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیتھیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Λίθιον – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λίθιον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lítio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityu" title="Lityu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lityu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="लीथियम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लीथियम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BF%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%85" title="لٿيئم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لٿيئم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alityum" title="Alityum – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Alityum" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ලිතියම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිතියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liithiyaam" title="Liithiyaam – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Liithiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiumi" title="Litiumi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Litiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литијум – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இலித்தியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலித்தியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లిథియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిథియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ลิเทียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิเทียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityum" title="Lityum – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lityum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithyamu" title="Lithyamu – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lithyamu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A" title="لىتىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىتىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Літій – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لتھیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لتھیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiy" title="Litiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litii" title="Litii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Litii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litin" title="Litin – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Litin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Литион – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Литион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליטיום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADt%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Lítíọ̀mù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lítíọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThanya" title="UmThanya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThanya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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Untuk senyawa yang diganakan dalam pengobatan, lihat <a href="/wiki/Litium_(pengobatan)" title="Litium (pengobatan)">Litium (pengobatan)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;">3Li</div>Litium</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lithium_paraffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/220px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/330px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/440px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="333" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Litium yang mengapung dalam minyak</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Spectrum_Lines_of_Li.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Spectrum_Lines_of_Li.png/220px-Spectrum_Lines_of_Li.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Spectrum_Lines_of_Li.png/330px-Spectrum_Lines_of_Li.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Spectrum_Lines_of_Li.png/440px-Spectrum_Lines_of_Li.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="100" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum litium</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">/litium/<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">putih keperakan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Litium dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 003 Lithium.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg/50px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg/75px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg/100px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"> 3Li</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Berilium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Silikon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)">Clor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium">Potasium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Besi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Nikel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Seng</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)">Selen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td 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style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> ↑ Li ↓ <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> ← litium → <a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">berilium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">golongan 1 (logam alkali)</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 2</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-s">blok-s</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">  <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> (Ar)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>[6,938, 6,997]</li><li>6,94±0,06 (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a>] 2s1 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">453,65 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (180,50 °C, 356,90 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> mendekati <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,534 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,512 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_kritis_(termodinamika)" title="Titik kritis (termodinamika)">Titik kritis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3220 K, 67 MPa (diekstrapolasi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3,00 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">136 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">24,860 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada <abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>797 </td> <td>885 </td> <td>995 </td> <td>1144 </td> <td>1337 </td> <td>1610 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">+1 (oksida <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a> kuat)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 0,98 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 520,2 kJ/mol ke-2: 7298,1 kJ/mol ke-3: 11815,0 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris: 152 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> perhitungan: 167 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">128±7 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_van_der_Waals" title="Jari-jari van der Waals">Jari-jari van der Waals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">182 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_kubus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kristal kubus">kubus berpusat badan</a> (bcc)<div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cubic-body-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Body-centered cubic untuk litium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a> batang ringan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">6000 m/s (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">46 µm/(m·K) (suhu 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">84,8 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">92,8 n Ω·m (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">paramagnetik </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">+14,2×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">4,9 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">4,2 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">11 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">Skala Mohs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,6 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7439-93-2 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_August_Arfwedson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan August Arfwedson (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan A. Arfwedson</a> (1817)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Isolasi pertama</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Thomas_Brande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Thomas Brande (halaman belum tersedia)">William T. Brande</a> (1821)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_litium" title="Isotop litium">Isotop litium</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> (t1/2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">6Li </th> <td style="text-align:right">7,59% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">7Li </th> <td style="text-align:right">92,41% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Kelimpahan 6Li kemungkinan hanya sebesar 3,75% di alam. Oleh karena itu, 7Li memiliki kelimpahan sampai dengan 96,25%.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ff6666; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_litium" title="Templat:Kotak info litium">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info litium (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_litium&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568" class="extiw" title="d:Q568">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/220px--Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="41" data-mwtitle="Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie?.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Berkas:Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Litium</figcaption></figure> Litium (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: lithium) adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> Li dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 3. Kata "litium" berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: λίθος lithos, yang berarti "batu". Litium merupakan <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a> lunak berwarna putih keperakan. Di bawah <a href="/wiki/Suhu_dan_tekanan_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhu dan tekanan standar">kondisi standar</a>, litium menjadi logam paling ringan sekaligus unsur padat yang paling ringan. Seperti semua logam alkali, litium sangat <a href="/wiki/Reaktivitas_(kimia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaktivitas (kimia)">reaktif</a> dan mudah terbakar, serta disimpan dalam <a href="/wiki/Minyak_mineral" title="Minyak mineral">minyak mineral</a>. Ketika dipotong sehingga bagian dalamnya terbuka, ia menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Kilau_(mineralogi)" title="Kilau (mineralogi)">kilau</a> logam, tetapi udara lembap <a href="/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi">menodainya</a> dengan cepat menjadi kusam abu-abu keperakan, lalu membentuk noda hitam. Litium tidak pernah terdapat sebagai unsur bebas di alam, tapi hanya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">senyawa</a> (biasanya ionik), seperti mineral <a href="/wiki/Pegmatit" title="Pegmatit">pegmatit</a> yang dulunya merupakan sumber utama litium. Ia hadir dalam air laut dan biasanya diperoleh dari <a href="/wiki/Brine" class="mw-redirect" title="Brine">air asin</a>, karena kelarutannya sebagai ion. Logam litium diisolasi secara <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a> dari campuran <a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">litium klorida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">kalium klorida</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom">Inti atom</a> litium bergetar pada ketidakstabilan, karena dua <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> litium stabil yang ditemukan di alam memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_ikatan_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi ikatan nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">energi ikatan</a> paling rendah per <a href="/wiki/Nukleon" title="Nukleon">nukleon</a> dari semua <a href="/wiki/Nuklida" title="Nuklida">nuklida</a> stabil. Litium kurang melimpah di tata surya dibandingkan dengan 25 unsur dari 32 unsur kimia pertama meskipun nukleanya sangat ringan, karena ketidakstabilan nuklir relatifnya: ini adalah pengecualian dari tren bahwa semakin berat nuklei, semakin kecil kelimpahannya.<a href="#cite_note-Lodders2003-3">[3]</a> Berdasarkan alasan tersebut, litium memiliki kegunaan penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">fisika nuklir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Transmutasi_nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmutasi nuklir">Transmutasi</a> atom litium menjadi <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> pada tahun 1932 adalah <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_nuklir" title="Reaksi nuklir">reaksi nuklir</a> buatan manusia pertama, dan <a href="/wiki/Litium_deuterida" class="mw-redirect" title="Litium deuterida">litium-6 deuterida</a> berfungsi sebagai bahan bakar <a href="/wiki/Fusi_nuklir" title="Fusi nuklir">fusi</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Rancangan_Teller-Ulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancangan Teller-Ulam">senjata termonuklir yang dipamerkan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Litium dan senyawanya memiliki beberapa aplikasi industri, termasuk kaca dan <a href="/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik">keramik</a> tahan panas, pelumas <a href="/wiki/Gemuk_litium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemuk litium">gemuk litium</a>, aditif fluks untuk produksi besi, baja dan aluminium, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai litium (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai litium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Baterai_litium-ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Baterai litium-ion">baterai litium-ion</a>. Penggunaan ini mengkonsumsi lebih dari tiga perempat produksi litium. Sumber utama litium pangan adalah biji-bijian dan sayuran; di beberapa daerah, air minum juga mengandung jumlah yang signifikan. Manusia mengasupnya dalam jumlah yang sangat bervariasi, tergantung lokasi dan diet. Litium telah terdeteksi pada organ tubuh manusia dan jaringan janin sejak akhir abad ke-19, memicu spekulasi mengenai fungsi spesifiknya. Setelah satu abad berikutnya, diperoleh bukti eksperimental. Dalam penelitian pada era 1970an–1990an, tikus dan kambing dengan diet rendah litium memiliki mortalitas yang lebih tinggi, serta kelainan reproduksi dan perilaku. Pada manusia tidak ada penyakit defisiensi litium yang didefinisikan, namun asupan litium rendah dari persediaan air dikaitkan dengan peningkatan angka bunuh diri, pembunuhan dan tingkat penangkapan untuk penggunaan narkoba dan kejahatan lainnya. Kandungan litium yang tinggi pada embrio awal menunjukkan peran penting selama perkembangan janin. Mekanisme biokimia dari aksi litium tampaknya terkait banyak faktor dan berkorelasi dengan fungsi beberapa enzim, hormon dan vitamin, serta faktor pertumbuhan dan transformasi. Bukti saat ini tampaknya cukup untuk menerima litium sebagai esensial; <a href="/wiki/Angka_Kecukupan_Gizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Angka Kecukupan Gizi">AKG</a> sementara untuk 70 kg orang dewasa disarankan 1.000 μg/hari.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia)">Garam</a> litium telah terbukti bermanfaat sebagai obat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penstabil_suasana_hati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penstabil suasana hati (halaman belum tersedia)">suasana hati (mood)</a> dalam pengobatan <a href="/wiki/Gangguan_bipolar" title="Gangguan bipolar">gangguan bipolar</a> pada manusia. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14851226">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat">Sifat-sifat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat-sifat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat-sifat">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atom_dan_fisika">Atom dan fisika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Atom dan fisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Atom dan fisika">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Limetal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Limetal.JPG/150px-Limetal.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Limetal.JPG/225px-Limetal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Limetal.JPG/300px-Limetal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Bongkah litium dengan lapisan tipis nitrida berwarna hitam</figcaption></figure> Seperti <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a> lainnya, litium memiliki <a href="/wiki/Elektron_valensi" title="Elektron valensi">elektron valensi</a> tunggal yang mudah dilepaskan untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">kation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-7">[7]</a> Oleh karena itu, litium adalah unsur penghantar panas dan listrik yang baik serta sangat reaktif, meskipun ia adalah yang paling kurang reaktif di antara logam alkali. Rendahnya reaktivitas litium adalah karena dekatnya elektron valensi dengan <a href="/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom">nukleusnya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atom_dua_elektron" title="Atom dua elektron">dua elektron</a> yang tersisa berada di <a href="/wiki/Orbital_atom" title="Orbital atom">orbital 1s</a>, energinya jauh lebih rendah, dan tidak berpartisipasi dalam ikatan kimia).<a href="#cite_note-krebs-7">[7]</a> Logam litium cukup lunak untuk dipotong menggunakan pisau. Saat dipotong, ia memiliki warna putih keperakan yang cepat berubah menjadi abu-abu karena teroksidasi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Litium_oksida" title="Litium oksida">litium oksida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-7">[7]</a> Meskipun memiliki salah satu <a href="/wiki/Daftar_unsur_berdasarkan_titik_lebur" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar unsur berdasarkan titik lebur">titik leleh terendah</a> di antara semua logam (180 °C), ia memiliki titik leleh dan titik didih tertinggi di antara logam alkali.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Litium memiliki kerapatan sangat rendah (0,534 g/cm3), sebanding dengan kayu pinus. Ia memiliki densitas paling kecil di antara semua unsur padat pada suhu kamar; unsur padat berikutnya (kalium, pada 0,862 g/cm3) lebih dari 60% lebih padat. Selanjutnya, selain <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, densitasnya lebih kecil daripada unsur cair apapun, hanya dua pertiga densitas <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_cair" title="Nitrogen cair">nitrogen cair</a> (0,808 g/cm3).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Litium dapat mengapung pada minyak hidrokarbon paling ringan dan merupakan satu dari tiga logam yang bisa mengapung di air, dua lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lithium_element.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lithium_element.jpg/150px-Lithium_element.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lithium_element.jpg/225px-Lithium_element.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lithium_element.jpg/300px-Lithium_element.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Litium terapung di minyak</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Koefisien_ekspansi_termal" class="mw-redirect" title="Koefisien ekspansi termal">Koefisien ekspansi termal</a> litium dua kali lipat <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> dan hampir empat kali lipat <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Litium adalah <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Superkonduktor">superkonduktor</a> di bawah 400 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrokelvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrokelvin (halaman belum tersedia)">μK</a> pada tekanan standar<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> dan pada suhu yang lebih tinggi (lebih dari 9 K) pada tekanan sangat tinggi (>20 GPa).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Pada suhu di bawah 70 K, litium, seperti natrium, mengalami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformasi_nirdifusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transformasi nirdifusi (halaman belum tersedia)">transformasi perubahan fase nirdifusi</a>. Pada 4,2 K ia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_rombohedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kristal rombohedral">sistem kristal rombohedral</a> (dengan jarak pengulangan sembilan lapisan); pada suhu yang lebih tinggi ia berubah menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kubik_pusat_muka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubik pusat muka">kubik pusat muka</a> dan kemudian <a href="/wiki/Kubik_pusat_badan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubik pusat badan">kubik pusat badan</a>. Pada suhu helium cair (4 K) lazimnya adalah struktur rombohedral.<a href="#cite_note-overhauser-13">[13]</a> Telah diidentifikasi beberapa bentuk alotropik litium pada tekanan tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Litium memiliki <a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">kapasitas kalor spesifik</a> massa 3,58 kilojoule per kilogram-kelvin, tertinggi di antara semua padatan.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Oleh karena itu, logam litium sering digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Pendingin" class="mw-disambig" title="Pendingin">pendingin</a> untuk aplikasi <a href="/wiki/Perpindahan_panas" title="Perpindahan panas">perpindahan panas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kimia_dan_senyawa">Kimia dan senyawa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia dan senyawa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia dan senyawa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Litium mudah bereaksi dengan air, namun tidak sedahsyat logam alkali lainnya. Reaksinya membentuk gas <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Litium_hidroksida" title="Litium hidroksida">litium hidroksida</a> dalam larutan akuatik.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-7">[7]</a> Litium biasanya disimpan dalam perapat (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: sealant) hidrokarbon, seringnya <a href="/wiki/Petrolatum" title="Petrolatum">petrolatum</a>, karena reaktivitasnya dengan air. Meskipun logam alkali yang lebih berat dapat disimpan dalam zat yang lebih padat, seperti <a href="/wiki/Minyak_mineral" title="Minyak mineral">minyak mineral</a>, litium tidak cukup padat untuk benar-benar terendam dalam cairan ini.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-17">[17]</a> Di udara yang lembap, litium dengan cepat bernoda membentuk lapisan hitam <a href="/wiki/Litium_hidroksida" title="Litium hidroksida">litium hidroksida</a> (LiOH dan LiOH·H2O), <a href="/wiki/Litium_nitrida" title="Litium nitrida">litium nitrida</a> (Li3N) dan <a href="/wiki/Litium_karbonat" title="Litium karbonat">litium karbonat</a> (Li2CO3, hasil dari reaksi sekunder antara LiOH dan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">CO2</a>).<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Butyllithium-hexamer-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Butyllithium-hexamer-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png/220px-Butyllithium-hexamer-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Butyllithium-hexamer-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png/330px-Butyllithium-hexamer-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Butyllithium-hexamer-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png/440px-Butyllithium-hexamer-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Struktur heksamer fragmen <a href="/wiki/N-butillitium" class="mw-redirect" title="N-butillitium">n-butillitium</a> dalam sebuah kristal</figcaption></figure> Ketika diletakkan pada nyala api, senyawa litium memberi nyala berwarna merah krimson, tapi saat terbakar dengan kuat, nyala api menjadi perak cemerlang. Litium akan menyala dan terbakar dalam oksigen saat terkena air atau uap air.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Litium <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudah_terbakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudah terbakar (halaman belum tersedia)">mudah terbakar</a>, dan berpotensi meledak saat terkena udara dan terutama air, meski potensinya kurang daripada <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a> lainnya. Reaksi litium-air pada suhu normal sangat cepat namun tidak hebat karena hidrogen yang dihasilkan tidak menyalakan dirinya sendirinya. Seperti halnya semua logam alkali, kebakaran litium sulit untuk dipadamkan, membutuhkan pemadam api bubuk kering jenis (<a href="/wiki/Pemadam_api_Kelas_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemadam api Kelas D">Kelas D</a>). Litium adalah salah satu dari sedikit logam yang bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_dan_tekanan_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhu dan tekanan standar">kondisi normal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Litium memiliki <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_diagonal" title="Hubungan diagonal">hubungan diagonal</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, unsur dengan <a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">jari-jari atom</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_ion" title="Jari-jari ion">ion</a> yang sama. Kemiripan kimia antara kedua logam tersebut meliputi pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Nitrida" title="Nitrida">nitrida</a> melalui reaksi dengan N2, pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Litium_oksida" title="Litium oksida">oksida</a> (Li2O) dan <a href="/wiki/Litium_peroksida" title="Litium peroksida">peroksida</a> (Li2O2) bila dibakar di O2, <a href="/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia)">garam</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">kelarutan</a> yang mirip, serta ketidakstabilan termal <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nitrida" title="Nitrida">nitridanya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-22">[22]</a> Logam ini bereaksi dengan gas hidrogen pada suhu tinggi menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Litium_hidrida" title="Litium hidrida">litium hidrida</a> (LiH).<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_biner" title="Senyawa biner">Senyawa biner</a> lainnya yang dikenal meliputi <a href="/wiki/Halida" title="Halida">halida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Litium_fluorida" title="Litium fluorida">LiF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">LiCl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium_bromida" title="Litium bromida">LiBr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium_iodida" title="Litium iodida">LiI</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sulfida" title="Sulfida">sulfida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Litium_sulfida" title="Litium sulfida">Li2S</a>), <a href="/wiki/Superoksida" title="Superoksida">superoksida</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_superoksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium superoksida (halaman belum tersedia)">LiO2</a>), dan <a href="/wiki/Karbida" title="Karbida">karbida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Litium_karbida" title="Litium karbida">Li2C2</a>). Banyak senyawa anorganik lainnya diketahui di mana litium bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> membentuk garam: <a href="/wiki/Litium_borat" title="Litium borat">borat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium_amida" title="Litium amida">amida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium_karbonat" title="Litium karbonat">karbonat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium_nitrat" title="Litium nitrat">nitrat</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Borohidrida" title="Borohidrida">borohidrida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Litium_borohidrida" title="Litium borohidrida">LiBH4</a>). <a href="/wiki/Litium_aluminium_hidrida" title="Litium aluminium hidrida">Litium aluminium hidrida</a> (LiAlH4) umumnya digunakan sebagai reduktor dalam sintesis organik. Beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pereaksi_organolitium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pereaksi organolitium (halaman belum tersedia)">pereaksi organolitium</a> diketahui memiliki <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">ikatan</a> langsung antara atom <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> dan atom litium, yang secara efektif membentuk <a href="/wiki/Karbanion" title="Karbanion">karbanion</a>. Ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Basa_(kimia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa (kimia)">basa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nukleofil_karbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleofil karbon">nukleofil</a> yang sangat kuat. Dalam banyak senyawa organolitium ini, ion litium cenderung digabungkan ke dalam gugus simetri yang lebih tinggi, hal yang relatif umum untuk kation alkali.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/LiHe" title="LiHe">LiHe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_van_der_Waals" class="mw-redirect" title="Senyawa van der Waals">senyawa van der Waals</a> dengan interaksi yang sangat lemah, telah terdeteksi pada suhu yang sangat rendah.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_litium" title="Isotop litium">Isotop litium</a></div> Litium alami terdiri dari dua isotop stabil, 6Li dan 7Li. Isotop 7Li lebih melimpah (<a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">kelimpahan alami</a> 92,5%).<a href="#cite_note-krebs-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-emsley-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-isotopesproject-26">[26]</a> Kedua isotop alami tersebut memiliki anomali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_ikatan_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi ikatan nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">energi ikatan nuklir</a> per nukleon yang rendah (dibandingkan dengan unsur tetangganya pada <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">berilium</a>); litium adalah satu-satunya unsur bernomor atom kecil yang bisa menghasilkan energi bersih melalui <a href="/wiki/Fisi_nuklir" title="Fisi nuklir">fisi nuklir</a>. Dua inti litium memiliki energi ikatan yang lebih rendah per nukleon daripada nukleon stabil lainnya kecuali <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">helium-3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bind-27">[27]</a> Alhasil, meski berat atomnya sangat ringan, litium kurang umum di Tata Surya dibandingkan 25 dari 32 unsur kimia pertama.<a href="#cite_note-Lodders2003-3">[3]</a> Tujuh <a href="/wiki/Radioisotop" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotop">radioisotop</a> telah dikarakterisasi, yang paling stabil adalah 8Li dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> 838 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milidetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milidetik (halaman belum tersedia)">ms</a> dan 9Li dengan waktu paruh 178 ms. Semua isotop <a href="/wiki/Radioaktif" class="mw-disambig" title="Radioaktif">radioaktif</a> yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh yang lebih pendek daripada 8,6 ms. Isotop litium dengan umur terpendek adalah 4Li, yang meluruh melalui <a href="/wiki/Emisi_proton" title="Emisi proton">emisi proton</a> dan memiliki waktu paruh 7,6 × 10−23 s.<a href="#cite_note-nuclidetable-28">[28]</a> 7Li adalah salah satu <a href="/wiki/Unsur_primordial" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsur primordial">unsur primordial</a> (atau lebih tepatnya <a href="/wiki/Nuklida" title="Nuklida">nuklida</a> primordial) yang dihasilkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_Big_Bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleosintesis Big Bang">nukleosintesis Big Bang</a>. Sejumlah kecil 6Li dan 7Li dihasilkan di bintang-bintang, namun diperkirakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembakaran_litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembakaran litium (halaman belum tersedia)">"dibakar"</a> secepat dihasilkannya.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Sejumlah kecil ekstra 6Li dan 7Li dapat dihasilkan dari angin surya, sinar kosmik yang menghantam atom yang lebih berat, dan dari peluruhan radioaktif 7<a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> dan 10Be pada tata surya awal.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Sementara litium dibuat di bintang-bintang selama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleosintesis_stelar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleosintesis stelar (halaman belum tersedia)">nukleosintesis stelar</a>, ia kemudian dibakar. 7Li juga bisa dihasilkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bintang_karbon" title="Bintang karbon">bintang karbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Isotop litium terfraksionasi secara substansial selama berbagai proses alami,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> termasuk pembentukan mineral (presipitasi kimia), <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pertukaran_ion" title="Pertukaran ion">pertukaran ion</a>. Ion litium menggantikan magnesium dan besi pada situs oktahedral dalam mineral <a href="/wiki/Tanah_liat" title="Tanah liat">tanah liat</a>, di mana 6Li lebih disukai daripada 7Li, menghasilkan pengayaan isotop ringan dalam proses hiperfiltrasi dan alterasi batuan. 11Li nan eksotis diketahui memancarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halo_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halo nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">halo nuklir</a>. Proses yang dikenal dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemisahan_isotop_laser_uap_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemisahan isotop laser uap atom (halaman belum tersedia)">pemisahan isotop laser</a> dapat digunakan untuk memisahkan isotop litium, khususnya 7Li dari 6Li.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Pembuatan senjata nuklir dan aplikasi fisika nuklir lainnya merupakan sumber utama fraksinasi litium artifisial. Dengan ditahannya stok isotop ringan 6Li oleh industri dan militer sedemikian rupa sehingga menyebabkan perubahan rasio 6Li terhadap 7Li pada sumber alami, misalnya sungai. Hal ini menyebabkan ketidakpastian yang tidak lazim pada <a href="/wiki/Berat_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom">berat atom</a> litium terstandardisasi, karena jumlah ini bergantung pada rasio kelimpahan alami isotop litium stabil yang terjadi secara alami, karena tersedia dalam sumber mineral litium komersial.<a href="#cite_note-Coplen2002-34">[34]</a> Kedua isotop stabil litium dapat <a href="/wiki/Pendinginan_laser" title="Pendinginan laser">didinginkan dengan laser</a> dan digunakan untuk menghasilkan campuran <a href="/wiki/Kondensat_Bose%E2%80%93Einstein" title="Kondensat Bose–Einstein">Bose</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondensat_fermion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondensat fermion (halaman belum tersedia)">Fermi</a> kuantum pertama degeneratif.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterjadian">Keterjadian</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Keterjadian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterjadian">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kelimpahan_unsur.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kelimpahan_unsur.svg/350px-Kelimpahan_unsur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kelimpahan_unsur.svg/525px-Kelimpahan_unsur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kelimpahan_unsur.svg/700px-Kelimpahan_unsur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Litium sama lumrahnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Kerak_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerak bumi">kerak bumi</a> kontinental bagian atas, berdasarkan jumlah atomnya.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astronomi">Astronomi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Astronomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Astronomi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis" title="Nukleosintesis">Nukleosintesis</a></div> Menurut teori kosmologi modern, litium—untuk dua isotop stabil (litium-6 dan litium-7)—adalah salah satu dari 3 unsur <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis" title="Nukleosintesis">yang disintesis</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Dentuman_Besar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentuman Besar">Dentuman Besar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Meskipun jumlah yang dihasilkan dari <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_Big_Bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleosintesis Big Bang">nukleosintesis Big Bang</a> bergantung pada jumlah <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a> per <a href="/wiki/Barion" title="Barion">barion</a>, untuk memenuhi nilai kelimpahan litium yang layak dikalkulasi, dan terdapat "kesenjangan litium kosmologis" di Alam Semesta: bintang yang lebih tua tampaknya memiliki litium kurang dari yang seharusnya, dan beberapa bintang yang lebih muda memiliki lebih banyak.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Kurangnya litium pada bintang yang lebih tua rupanya disebabkan oleh "pencampuran" litium ke dalam interior bintang, di mana ia dihancurkan,<a href="#cite_note-cld-38">[38]</a> sementara litium diproduksi di bintang yang lebih muda. Meskipun ia bertransmutasi menjadi dua atom <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> karena bertumbukan dengan <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> pada suhu di atas 2,4 juta derajat Celcius (kebanyakan bintang dengan mudah mencapai suhu ini di interior mereka), litium lebih banyak daripada perhitungan saat ini yang diperkirakan akan terjadi pada bintang generasi selanjutnya.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-17">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nova_Centauri_2013_ESO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nova_Centauri_2013_ESO.jpg/220px-Nova_Centauri_2013_ESO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nova_Centauri_2013_ESO.jpg/330px-Nova_Centauri_2013_ESO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nova_Centauri_2013_ESO.jpg/440px-Nova_Centauri_2013_ESO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Centauri_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova Centauri 2013 (halaman belum tersedia)">Nova Centauri 2013</a> adalah yang pertama memberi bukti ditemukannya litium.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></figcaption></figure> Meskipun merupakan salah satu dari tiga unsur pertama yang disintesis dalam Big Bang, litium, bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">berilium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a> secara nyata kurang melimpah daripada unsur lainnya. Ini adalah hasil dari suhu rendah yang diperlukan untuk menghancurkan litium, dan kurangnya proses umum untuk memproduksinya.<a href="#cite_note-wesleyan-40">[40]</a> Litium juga ditemukan pada objek substelar <a href="/wiki/Katai_coklat" class="mw-redirect" title="Katai coklat">katai coklat</a> dan bintang jingga anomali tertentu. Karena litium hadir dalam katai coklat yang lebih dingin dan kurang masif, namun hancur dalam bintang <a href="/wiki/Katai_merah" title="Katai merah">katai merah</a> yang lebih panas, kehadirannya di spektrum bintang dapat digunakan dalam "uji litium" untuk membedakan keduanya, karena keduanya lebih kecil daripada Matahari.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Bintang jingga tertentu juga bisa mengandung konsentrasi litium yang tinggi. Bintang jingga yang ditemukan memiliki konsentrasi litium yang lebih tinggi dari biasanya (seperti Centaurus X-4) mengorbit objek masif—bintang neutron atau lubang hitam—yang gravitasinya jelas menarik litium yang lebih berat ke permukaan bintang hidrogen-helium, menyebabkan lebih banyak litium yang teramati.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terestrial">Terestrial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Terestrial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Terestrial">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; margin:5px; font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Produksi tambang (2016), cadangan dan sumber daya litium dalam ton<a href="#cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-43">[43]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Negara </th> <th>Produksi </th> <th>Cadangan<a href="#cite_note-res-44">[catatan 1]</a> </th> <th>Sumber daya </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>5.700 </td> <td>2.000.000 </td> <td>9.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>14.300 </td> <td>1.600.000 </td> <td>2.000.000+ </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>100.000+ </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>9.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> </td> <td>200 </td> <td>48.000 </td> <td>200.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> (2010) </td> <td>480 </td> <td>180.000 </td> <td>2.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> </td> <td>12.000 </td> <td>7.500.000 </td> <td>7.500.000+ </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" title="Republik Demokratik Kongo">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>200.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Republik Rakyat Tiongkok</a> </td> <td>2.000 </td> <td>3.200.000 </td> <td>7.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>200 </td> <td>60.000 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> </td> <td>W<a href="#cite_note-45">[catatan 2]</a> </td> <td>38.000 </td> <td>6.900.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td> <td>900 </td> <td>23.000 </td> <td>100.000+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total dunia </td> <td>32.500 </td> <td>14.000.000 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mineral_litium" title="Kategori:Mineral litium">Mineral litium</a></div> Meskipun litium banyak tersebar di Bumi, ia tidak secara alami terdapat dalam bentuk unsur bebasnya karena reaktivitasnya yang tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-krebs-7">[7]</a> Total kandungan litium dalam air laut sangat besar, dengan estimasi sekitar 230 miliar ton, karena konsentrasinya dalam air laut relatif konstant dalam kisaran 0,14 sampai 0,25 bagian per juta (ppm),<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-enc-47">[45]</a> atau 25 <a href="/wiki/Mikromolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikromolar">mikromolar</a>;<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi mendekati 7 ppm dijumpai di dekat <a href="/wiki/Ventilasi_hidrotermal" title="Ventilasi hidrotermal">ventilasi hidrotermal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-enc-47">[45]</a> Estimasi kandungan litium dalam <a href="/wiki/Kerak_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerak bumi">kerak bumi</a> berada dalam kisaran 20 sampai 70 ppm berat.<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-18">[18]</a> Sesuai dengan namanya, litium membentuk bagian kecil <a href="/wiki/Batuan_beku" title="Batuan beku">batuan beku</a>, dengan konsentrasi terbesar berada pada <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">granit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pegmatit" title="Pegmatit">Pegmatit</a> granitik juga memberikan kelimpahan terbesar mineral litium, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spodumena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spodumena (halaman belum tersedia)">spodumena</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Petalit" title="Petalit">petalit</a> merupakan sumber yang paling memiliki nilai komersial.<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-18">[18]</a> Mineral litium yang juga signifikan adalah <a href="/wiki/Lepidolit" title="Lepidolit">lepidolit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Sumber litium yang lebih baru adalah lempung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hektorit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hektorit (halaman belum tersedia)">hektorit</a>, satu-satunya pengembangan aktif yang dilakukan oleh Western Lithium Corporation di Amerika Serikat.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> Dengan kandungan 20 mg litium per kg kerak bumi,<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> litium menjadi unsur paling melimpah di urutan 25. Menurut Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium, "Litium adalah unsur yang relatif jarang, meskipun ditemukan dalam banyak batuan dan beberapa sumber air asin, tetapi selalu dalam konsentrasi yang sangat rendah. Ada sejumlah besar deposit mineral dan air garam litium namun hanya memiliki sedikit nilai komersial baik aktual maupun potensial. Kebanyakan nilainya sangat kecil, yang lain terlalu rendah."<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/US_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="US Geological Survey">US Geological Survey</a> memperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2010, Chili sejauh ini memiliki cadangan terbesar (7,5 juta ton)<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> dan produksi tahunan tertinggi (8.800 ton). Salah satu basis cadangan<a href="#cite_note-res-44">[catatan 1]</a> terbesar litium berada di area <a href="/wiki/Salar_de_Uyuni" title="Salar de Uyuni">Salar de Uyuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, yaitu 5,4 juta ton. Pemasok utama lainnya termasuk Australia, Argentina, dan Tiongkok.<a href="#cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-meridian-54">[52]</a> Pada tahun 2015 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_Geological_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czech Geological Survey (halaman belum tersedia)">Czech Geological Survey</a> menganggap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegunungan_Ore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegunungan Ore (halaman belum tersedia)">Pegunungan Ore</a> di <a href="/wiki/Republik_Ceko" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Ceko">Republik Ceko</a> sebagai propinsi litium. Terdaftar lima lokasi deposit, salah satunya di dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%ADnovec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cínovec (halaman belum tersedia)">Cínovec</a> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADnovec_(Dub%C3%AD)" class="extiw" title="cs:Cínovec (Dubí)">cs</a>] dianggap sebagai deposit yang memiliki potensial ekonomi dengan cadangan litium sebesar 160.000 ton.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> Pada bulan Juni 2010, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> melaporkan bahwa ahli geologi Amerika sedang melakukan survei darat di <a href="/wiki/Danau_garam" title="Danau garam">danau garam</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danau_kering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danau kering (halaman belum tersedia)">kering</a> di barat <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> yang diyakini terdapat deposit litium yang besar di sana. "Pejabat Pentagon mengatakan bahwa analisis awal mereka di satu lokasi di <a href="/wiki/Propinsi_Ghazni" class="mw-redirect" title="Propinsi Ghazni">Propinsi Ghazni</a> menunjukkan potensi deposit litium sebesar Bolivia, yang sekarang memiliki cadangan litium terbesar di dunia."<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Perkiraan ini "pada prinsipnya didasarkan pada data lama, yang utamanya dikumpulkan oleh Uni Soviet selama pendudukan mereka di Afghanistan antara tahun 1979–1989". Stephen Peters, kepala Proyek Mineral Afghanistan USGS, mengatakan bahwa dia tidak mengetahui keterlibatan <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a> dalam survei baru untuk mineral di Afghanistan dalam dua tahun terakhir. "Kami tidak mengetahui adanya penemuan litium," tandasnya.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_litia" title="Air litia">Litia</a> ("air garam litium") dikaitkan dengan area penambangan <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a> di <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, Inggris dan sedang dipertimbangkan sebuah proyek evaluasi dari lubang bor uji sejauh 400 meter. Jika berhasil, air asin panas juga akan menyediakan <a href="/wiki/Energi_panas_bumi" title="Energi panas bumi">energi panas bumi</a> untuk memberi daya pada proses ekstraksi dan pemurnian litium.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biologi">Biologi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Biologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Biologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Litium dijumpai dalam jumlah renik dalam sejumlah tumbuhan, plankton, dan invertibrata, pada kisaran konsentrasi antara 69 hingga 5.760 bagian per miliar (ppb). Pada vertebrata, konsentrasinya sedikit lebih rendah, dan hampir seluruh jaringan dan cairan tubuh vertebrata mengandung litium pada kisaran mulai 21 hingga 763 ppb.<a href="#cite_note-enc-47">[45]</a> Organisme laut cenderung membioakumulasi litium lebih banyak daripada organisme terestrial.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Meskipun peran fisiologis litium dalam semua organisme ini tidak diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-enc-47">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/220px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/330px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/440px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Johan August Arfwedson diberi penghargaan sebagai penemu litium pada tahun 1817.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Petalit" title="Petalit">Petalit</a> (LiAlSi) ditemukan pada tahun 1800 oleh kimiawan sekaligus negarawan <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bonif%C3%A1cio_de_Andrada_e_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva">José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva</a> dalam sebuah tambang di pulau <a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B6,_Swedia" title="Utö, Swedia">Utö, Swedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-mindat-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-discovery-63">[61]</a> Namun, baru pada tahun 1817 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_August_Arfwedson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan August Arfwedson (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan August Arfwedson</a>, yang bekerja di laboratorium kimiawan <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">mendeteksi</a> keberadaan unsur baru ketika menganalisis bijih petalit.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-berzelius-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-uwis-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-67">[65]</a> Unsur ini membentuk senyawa yang mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium</a>, meskipun <a href="/wiki/Litium_karbonat" title="Litium karbonat">karbonat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Litium_hidroksida" title="Litium hidroksida">hidroksidanya</a> kurang <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">larut dalam air</a> dan lebih <a href="/wiki/Basa_(kimia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa (kimia)">alkalis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-compounds-68">[66]</a> Berzelius memberi nama bahan alkalis tersebut dengan "lithion/lithina", dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: λιθoς (ditransliterasikan sebagai lithos, yang berarti "batu"), untuk mencerminkan penemuannya dalam mineral padat, tidak seperti kalium yang ditemukan dalam abu tumbuhan, dan natrium yang diketahui memiliki kelimpahan tinggi dalam darah hewan. Ia menamakan logam di dalam bahan tersebut sebagai "litium".<a href="#cite_note-krebs-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-67">[65]</a> Arfwedson kemudian menunjukkan bahwa unsur yang sama terdapat pula dalam mineral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spodumena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spodumena (halaman belum tersedia)">spodumena</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/spodumene" class="extiw" title="en:spodumene">en</a>] dan <a href="/wiki/Lepidolit" title="Lepidolit">lepidolit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> Pada tahun 1818, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Gmelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Gmelin (halaman belum tersedia)">Christian Gmelin</a> adalah yang pertama kali mengamati bahwa garam litium memberikan warna merah terang kepada nyala api.<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Namun, baik Arfwedson dan Gmelin gagal dalam percobaan isolasi unsur murni dari garamnya.<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-eote-71">[69]</a> Litium baru diisolasi pada tahun 1821, ketika <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Thomas_Brande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Thomas Brande (halaman belum tersedia)">William Thomas Brande</a> memperolehnya dengan <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">mengelektrolisis</a> <a href="/wiki/Litium_oksida" title="Litium oksida">litium oksida</a>, suatu proses yang sebelumnya telah digunakan oleh kimiawan <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Sir Humphry Davy</a> untuk mengisolasi logam alkali <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-eote-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> Brande juga menjelaskan beberapa garam murni litium, seperti klorida, dan, memperkirakan bahwa lithia (<a href="/wiki/Litium_oksida" title="Litium oksida">litium oksida</a>) mengandung logam sekitar 55%, memperkirakan berat atom litium pada kisaran 9,8 g/mol (nilai modern ~6,94 g/mol).<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Pada tahun 1855, jumlah litium yang lebih bamyak dihasilkan melalui elektrolisis <a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">litium klorida</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Matthiessen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Matthiessen (halaman belum tersedia)">Augustus Matthiessen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> Penemuan prosedur ini menyebabkan produksi litium komersial pada tahun 1923 oleh perusahaan Jerman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallgesellschaft_AG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallgesellschaft AG (halaman belum tersedia)">Metallgesellschaft AG</a>, yang melakukan elektrolisis campuran cair litium klorida dan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">kalium klorida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> Produksi dan penggunaan litium mengalami beberapa perubahan drastis dalam sejarah. Aplikasi utama litium yang pertama adalah pada <a href="/wiki/Gemuk_litium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemuk litium">gemuk litium</a> suhu tinggi untuk mesin pesawat terbang dan aplikasi serupa pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> tak lama kemudian. Penggunaan ini didukung oleh fakta bahwa <a href="/wiki/Sabun" title="Sabun">sabun</a> berbasis litium memiliki titik lebur yang lebih tinggi daripada sabun alkali lainnya, dan kurang korosif daripada sabun berbasis kalsium. Pasar kecil untuk sabun litium dan gemuk pelumas didukung oleh beberapa operasi penambangan kecil yang sebagian besar berada di Amerika Serikat. Permintaan litium meningkat secara dramatis selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dingin" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a> dengan diproduksinya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rancangan_senjata_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rancangan senjata nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">senjata fusi nuklir</a>. Baik litium-6 dan litium-7 menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> ketika diiradiasi menggunakan neutron, dan dengan demikian berguna untuk produksi tritium dengan sendirinya, serta bentuk bahan bakar fusi padat yang digunakan dalam bom hidrogen dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Litium_deuterida" class="mw-redirect" title="Litium deuterida">litium deuterida</a>. Amerika Serikat menjadi produsen utama litium pada periode antara akhir 1950-an dan pertengahan 1980-an. Pada akhirnya, stok litium kira-kira 42.000 ton dalam bentuk litium hidroksida. Litium yang ditumpuk habis dalam litium-6 sebesar 75%, yang cukup untuk mempengaruhi <a href="/wiki/Berat_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom">berat atom</a> terukur litium dalam banyak bahan kimia standar, dan bahkan berat atom litium dalam beberapa "sumber alami" ion litium yang telah "terkontaminasi" oleh garam litium yang dibuang dari fasilitas pemisahan isotop, yang telah merembes ke air tanah.<a href="#cite_note-Coplen2002-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-79">[77]</a> Litium digunakan untuk menurunkan titik leleh kaca dan untuk memperbaiki perilaku pelelehan <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_oksida" title="Aluminium oksida">aluminium oksida</a> saat menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Proses_Hall-H%C3%A9roult" class="mw-redirect" title="Proses Hall-Héroult">proses Hall-Héroult</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DeberitzBoche2003-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1985-81">[79]</a> Kedua penggunaan ini mendominasi pasar hingga pertengahan tahun 1990an. Setelah berakhirnya <a href="/wiki/Perlombaan_senjata_nuklir" title="Perlombaan senjata nuklir">perlombaan senjata nuklir</a>, permintaan litium menurun dan penjualan stok Departemen Energi di pasar terbuka semakin menggerus harga.<a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-79">[77]</a> Namun pada pertengahan 1990-an, beberapa perusahaan mulai mengekstraksi litium dari <a href="/wiki/Air_asin" title="Air asin">air asin</a> yang terbukti menjadi metode yang lebih murah daripada pertambangan bawah tanah atau bahkan pertambangan terbuka. Sebagian besar tambang ditutup atau mengalihkan fokus mereka ke bahan lain karena hanya bijih dari zona pegmatit yang dapat ditambang dengan harga yang kompetitif. Misalnya, tambang AS di dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kings_Mountain,_North_Carolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kings Mountain, North Carolina (halaman belum tersedia)">Kings Mountain, North Carolina</a> ditutup sebelum memasuki abad ke-21. Perkembangan baterai ion litium meningkatkan permintaan litium dan menjadi penggunaan dominan pada tahun 2007.<a href="#cite_note-USGSYB1994-82">[80]</a> Seiring dengan lonjakan permintaan litium untuk baterai pada tahun 2000an, perusahaan baru telah memperluas usaha ekstraksi air asin untuk memenuhi peningkatan permintaan.<a href="#cite_note-IMR-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi">Produksi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r15025838/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:273px;max-width:273px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lithium_mine,_Salar_del_Hombre_Muerto,_Argentina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="alt1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lithium_mine%2C_Salar_del_Hombre_Muerto%2C_Argentina.jpg/160px-Lithium_mine%2C_Salar_del_Hombre_Muerto%2C_Argentina.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lithium_mine%2C_Salar_del_Hombre_Muerto%2C_Argentina.jpg/240px-Lithium_mine%2C_Salar_del_Hombre_Muerto%2C_Argentina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lithium_mine%2C_Salar_del_Hombre_Muerto%2C_Argentina.jpg/320px-Lithium_mine%2C_Salar_del_Hombre_Muerto%2C_Argentina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Uyuni_landsat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="alt2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Uyuni_landsat.JPG/105px-Uyuni_landsat.JPG" decoding="async" width="105" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Uyuni_landsat.JPG/158px-Uyuni_landsat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Uyuni_landsat.JPG/210px-Uyuni_landsat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="526" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left;background-color:transparent">Citra satelit Salar del Hombre Muerto, Argentina (kiri), dan <a href="/wiki/Salar_de_Uyuni" title="Salar de Uyuni">Uyuni</a>, Bolivia (kanan), <a href="/wiki/Dataran_garam" title="Dataran garam">dataran garam</a> yang kaya akan litium. Air asin kaya litium dipekatkan dengan memompanya ke <a href="/wiki/Tambak_garam" title="Tambak garam">tambak garam</a> (tampak pada gambar kiri).</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Lithium_world_production.svg&lang=id" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Lithium_world_production.svg/langid-220px-Lithium_world_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Lithium_world_production.svg/langid-330px-Lithium_world_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Lithium_world_production.svg/langid-440px-Lithium_world_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Tren produksi litium dunia</figcaption></figure> Produksi litium telah meningkat pesat sejak akhir <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>. Logamnya dipisahkan dari unsur lain di <a href="/wiki/Batuan_beku" title="Batuan beku">mineral beku</a>. Logam litium dihasilkan melalui <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a> dari campuran leburan 55% <a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">litium klorida</a> dan 45% <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">kalium klorida</a> pada suhu sekitar 450 °C.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Per 2015, sebagian besar produksi litium dunia berada di Amerika Selatan, di mana air garam yang mengandung litium diekstraksi dari kolam bawah tanah dan dipekatkan dengan penjemuran di bawah panas matahari. Teknik ekstraksi standar adalah menguapkan air dari air garam. Setiap tumpak (batch) membutuhkan waktu 18 sampai 24 bulan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-86">[84]</a> Pada tahun 1998, harga litium sekitar 95 USD/kg (atau 43 USD/<a href="/wiki/Pound_(massa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound (massa)">lb</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ober-87">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cadangan">Cadangan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Cadangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Cadangan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Cadangan yang teridentifikasi di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2008 menurut perkiraan <a href="/wiki/US_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="US Geological Survey">US Geological Survey</a> (USGS) adalah 13 juta <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-43">[43]</a> meskipun perkiraan akurat cadangan litium dunia sulit dilakukan.<a href="#cite_note-gold-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-forbes-89">[87]</a> Deposit ditemukan di Amerika Selatan sepanjang rantai pegunungan <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> adalah produsen terbesar, diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. Kedua negara memperoleh litium dari kolam air asin. Menurut USGS, Gurun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uyuni (halaman belum tersedia)">Uyuni</a> di Bolivia memiliki cadangan litium sebesar 5,4 juta ton.<a href="#cite_note-romero-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Di Amerika Serikat, litium diperoleh dari kolam air asin di <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-15">[15]</a> Namun, setengah dari cadangan dunia yang diketahui berada di <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> sepanjang lereng tangah-timur pegunungan Andes. Pada tahun 2009, Bolivia melakukan negosiasi dengan perusahaan Jepang, Prancis, dan Korea untuk memulai ekstraksi.<a href="#cite_note-romero-90">[88]</a> Suatu deposit yang ditemukan pada tahun 2013 di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_Springs_Uplift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock Springs Uplift (halaman belum tersedia)">Rock Springs Uplift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> diperkirakan mengandung 228.000 ton litium. Deposit tambahan dalam formasi yang sama diperkirakan mencapai 18 juta ton.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Beredar opini terkait pertumbuhan potensial. Suatu studi tahun 2008 menyimpulkan bahwa "produksi litium karbonat yang dapat dicapai secara realistis hanya mencukupi untuk sebagian kecil kebutuhan pasar global <a href="/wiki/Kendaraan_hibrida" title="Kendaraan hibrida">kendaraan hibrida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kendaraan_listrik" title="Kendaraan listrik">kendaraan listrik</a>. Kebutuhan tersebut berasal dari sektor elektronik portabel yang akan menyerap banyak dari peningkatan rencana produksi pada dasawarsa mendatang. Produksi massal litium karbonat sangat tidak ramah lingkungan, dan akan mengakibatkan kerusakan ekologi permanen yang membahayakan ekosistem sehingga harus dilindungi. Juga, propulsi <a href="/wiki/Baterai_ion_litium" title="Baterai ion litium">LiIon</a> tidak kompatibel dengan gagasan 'Green Car'".<a href="#cite_note-meridian-54">[52]</a> Namun, menurut sebuah penelitian tahun 2011 yang dilakukan di <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> dan <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, estimasi basis cadangan litium saat ini tidak menjadi faktor pembatas untuk produksi baterai kendaraan listrik berskala besar karena sekitar 1 miliar baterai berbasis Li berdaya 40 <a href="/wiki/KWh" class="mw-redirect" title="KWh">kWh</a> dapat dibuat dengan cadangan saat ini<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> - sekitar 10 kg litium per mobil.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Studi lain tahun 2011 oleh para periset dari <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Michigan" title="Universitas Michigan">Universitas Michigan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> menemukan sumber daya yang cukup untuk mendukung permintaan global hingga tahun 2100, termasuk litium yang diperlukan untuk potensi penggunaan transportasi yang tersebar luas. Studi tersebut memperkirakan cadangan global mencapai 39 juta ton, dan total permintaan litium selama periode analisis 90 tahun berada pada level 12-20 juta ton, tergantung pada skenario mengenai tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat daur ulang.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Pada tanggal 9 Juni 2014, Financialist menyatakan bahwa permintaan litium tumbuh lebih dari 12 persen per tahun; menurut Credit Suisse, angka ini melebihi ketersediaan yang diproyeksikan sebesar 25 persen. Publikasi ini membandingkan situasi litium 2014 dengan minyak, di mana "harga minyak yang lebih tinggi mendorong investasi teknik produksi minyak laut dalam dan minyak daratan yang mahal"; artinya, harga litium akan terus naik hingga metode produksi yang lebih mahal, yang bisa mendongkrak total output, mendapat perhatian investor.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harga">Harga</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Harga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Harga">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Setelah <a href="/wiki/Krisis_finansial_2007%E2%80%932012" class="mw-redirect" title="Krisis finansial 2007–2012">krisis finansial 2007</a>, pemasok besar seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociedad_Qu%C3%ADmica_y_Minera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociedad Química y Minera (halaman belum tersedia)">Sociedad Química y Minera</a> (SQM) menurunkan harga <a href="/wiki/Litium_karbonat" title="Litium karbonat">litium karbonat</a> sebesar 20%.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> Harga kembali naik pada tahun 2012. Artikel <a href="/wiki/BusinessWeek" title="BusinessWeek">Business Week</a> tahun 2012 menggambarkan <a href="/wiki/Oligopoli" title="Oligopoli">oligopoli</a> dalam perdagangan litium: "SQM, yang dikendalikan oleh milyarder Julio Ponce, adalah terbesar kedua, diikuti oleh Rockwood, yang didukung oleh KKR & Co. milik Henry Kravis, dan FMC yang berbasis di Philadelphia". Konsumsi global mungkin akan meningkat drastis menjadi 300.000 metrik ton per tahun pada tahun 2020 dari sekitar 150.000 ton pada tahun 2012, untuk menyesuaikan permintaan baterai litium yang telah berkembang sekitar 25 persen per tahun, melampaui kenaikan keseluruhan produksi litium 4 sampai 5 persen.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekstraksi">Ekstraksi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Ekstraksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekstraksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Garam litium diekstraksi dari air di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_air_mineral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata air mineral (halaman belum tersedia)">mata air mineral</a>, kolam <a href="/wiki/Air_asin" title="Air asin">air asin</a>, dan deposit air garam. Litium hadir dalam air laut, namun metode ekstraksi yang layak secara komersial belum dikembangkan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-86">[84]</a> Sumber litium potensial lainnya adalah lindi dari <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_panas_bumi" title="Pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi">sumur geotermal</a>, yang dibawa ke permukaan.<a href="#cite_note-bourcier-99">[97]</a> Perolehan litium telah ditunjukkan di lapangan; litium dipisahkan dengan filtrasi sederhana.<a href="#cite_note-Simbol-100">[98]</a> Biaya proses dan lingkungan terutama berasal dari sumur yang sudah beroperasi; dampak lingkungannya bisa jadi positif.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-101">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kegunaan">Kegunaan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Kegunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kegunaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Global_Lithium_Uses_-_id.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Global_Lithium_Uses_-_id.svg/220px-Global_Lithium_Uses_-_id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Global_Lithium_Uses_-_id.svg/330px-Global_Lithium_Uses_-_id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Global_Lithium_Uses_-_id.svg/440px-Global_Lithium_Uses_-_id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Estimasi penggunaan litium global tahun 2016<a href="#cite_note-Li-uses-2011-102">[100]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Baterai (39%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Keramik dan kaca (30%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Gemuk pelumas (8%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Pengecoran kontinu (5%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Produksi polimer (5%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Pengolahan udara (3%)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Lain-lain (10%)</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keramik_dan_kaca">Keramik dan kaca</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Keramik dan kaca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keramik dan kaca">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Litium oksida banyak digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Fluks_(metalurgi)" title="Fluks (metalurgi)">fluks</a> untuk pengolahan <a href="/wiki/Silika" class="mw-redirect" title="Silika">silika</a>, menurunkan <a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">titik lebur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Viskositas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viskositas">viskositas</a> material dan menyebabkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasir_keramik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasir keramik (halaman belum tersedia)">glasir</a> dengan peningkatan sifat fisika termasuk koefisien ekspansi termal yang rendah. Ini adalah salah satu penggunaan terbesar senyawa litium di seluruh dunia.<a href="#cite_note-Li-uses-2011-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> Glasir yang mengandung litium oksida digunakan untuk peralatan oven. <a href="/wiki/Litium_karbonat" title="Litium karbonat">Litium karbonat</a> (Li) umumnya digunakan dalam aplikasi ini karena akan berubah menjadi oksida pada pemanasan.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Listrik_dan_elektronik">Listrik dan elektronik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Listrik dan elektronik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Listrik dan elektronik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pada akhir abad ke-20, litium menjadi komponen penting pada elektrolit dan elektrode litium, karena <a href="/wiki/Potensial_elektrode" title="Potensial elektrode">potensial elektrodenya</a> yang tinggi. Ia memiliki rasio muatan terhadap berat dan daya terhadap berat yang tinggi, karena <a href="/wiki/Massa_atom" title="Massa atom">massa atomnya</a> yang rendah. <a href="/wiki/Baterai_ion_litium" title="Baterai ion litium">Baterai ion litium</a> dapat menghasilkan daya sekitar 3 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> per sel, dibandingkan dengan 2,1 volt yang dihasilkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Baterai_asam_timbal" title="Baterai asam timbal">baterai asam timbal</a> atau 1,5 volt dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_seng-karbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai seng-karbon (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai seng-karbon</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery" class="extiw" title="en:Zinc–carbon battery">en</a>]. Baterai ion litium, yang dapat diisi ulang dan memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Densitas_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Densitas energi (halaman belum tersedia)">densitas energi</a> yang tinggi, jangan dikacaukan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai litium (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai litium</a>, yang merupakan <a href="/wiki/Baterai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baterai">baterai</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produk_sekali_pakai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Produk sekali pakai (halaman belum tersedia)">sekali pakai</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_primer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel primer (halaman belum tersedia)">sel primer</a>) dengan litium atau senyawanya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Anode" title="Anode">anode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> Baterai isi ulang lainnya yang menggunakan litium antara lain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_polimer_ion_litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai polimer ion litium (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai polimer ion litium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baterai_litium_besi_fosfat" title="Baterai litium besi fosfat">baterai litium besi fosfat</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Baterai_kawat_nano" title="Baterai kawat nano">baterai kawat nano</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sabun_litium_atau_gemuk_litium">Sabun litium atau gemuk litium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Sabun litium atau gemuk litium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sabun litium atau gemuk litium">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sabun_litium" title="Sabun litium">Sabun litium</a></div> Penggunaan umum ketiga adalah gemuk (grease). Litium hidroksida adalah <a href="/wiki/Basa_(kimia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa (kimia)">basa</a> kuat dan, ketika dipanaskan dengan lemak, menghasilkan sabun yang terbuat dari litium <a href="/wiki/Stearat" title="Stearat">stearat</a>. Sabun litium memiliki kemampuan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_pengental" title="Bahan pengental">mengentalkan</a> minyak, dan digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Gemuk_(pelumas)" title="Gemuk (pelumas)">gemuk pelumas</a> multiguna suhu tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalurgi">Metalurgi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Metalurgi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Metalurgi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Litium (misalnya sebagai litium karbonat) digunakan sebagai aditif <a href="/wiki/Pengecoran_kontinu" title="Pengecoran kontinu">pengecoran kontinu</a> untuk meningkatkan fluiditas,<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> penggunaan yang menyumbang 5% penggunaan litium global (2016).<a href="#cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-43">[43]</a> Senyawa litium juga digunakan sebagai aditif (fluks) untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasir_cor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasir cor (halaman belum tersedia)">pasir cor</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/foundry_sand" class="extiw" title="en:foundry sand">en</a>] untuk pengecoran besi demi mengurangi penguraian.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Litium (sebagai <a href="/wiki/Litium_fluorida" title="Litium fluorida">litium fluorida</a>) digunakan sebagai aditif untuk peleburan aluminium (<a href="/wiki/Proses_Hall%E2%80%93H%C3%A9roult" title="Proses Hall–Héroult">proses Hall–Héroult</a>), mengurangi titik lebur dan meningkatkan tahanan listrik,<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> penggunaan yang menyumbang 1% dari produksi dunia (2014).<a href="#cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-43">[43]</a> Bila digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Fluks_(metalurgi)" title="Fluks (metalurgi)">fluks</a> untuk penge<a href="/wiki/Las" title="Las">lasan</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">solder</a>, litium logam mempromosikan peleburan logam selama proses berlangsung<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> dan menghilangkan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Oksida" title="Oksida">oksida</a> dengan menyerap ketakmurnian.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <a href="/wiki/Lakur" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakur">Lakur</a> logam dengan aluminium, <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a>, tembaga dan <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a> digunakan untuk membuat bagian pesawat berkinerja tinggi (lihat juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Li (halaman belum tersedia)">Paduan litium-aluminum</a>).<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengelasan_nano_silikon">Pengelasan nano silikon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Pengelasan nano silikon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengelasan nano silikon">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Litium telah ditemukan efektif dalam membantu kesempurnaan lasan silikon nano dalam komponen elektronik untuk baterai listrik dan perangkat lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_kimia_dan_industri_lainnya">Penggunaan kimia dan industri lainnya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan kimia dan industri lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan kimia dan industri lainnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png/100px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png/150px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png/200px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption>Penggunaan litium dalam suar dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piroteknik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piroteknik (halaman belum tersedia)">piroteknik</a> disebabkan oleh nyala merah mawarnya.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piroteknik">Piroteknik</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Piroteknik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Piroteknik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Senyawa litium digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pewarna_piroteknik" title="Pewarna piroteknik">pewarna piroteknik</a> dan oksidator dalam <a href="/wiki/Kembang_api" title="Kembang api">kembang api</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Suar" title="Suar">suar</a> berwarna merah.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pemurnian_udara">Pemurnian udara</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Pemurnian udara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemurnian udara">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">Litium klorida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Litium_bromida" title="Litium bromida">litium bromida</a> bersifat <a href="/wiki/Higroskopis" class="mw-redirect" title="Higroskopis">higroskopis</a> dan digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Desikan" title="Desikan">desikan</a> untuk aliran gas.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-15">[15]</a> Litium hidroksida dan <a href="/wiki/Litium_peroksida" title="Litium peroksida">litium peroksida</a> adalah garam yang paling banyak digunakan di daerah terbatas, seperti di dalam <a href="/wiki/Pesawat_antariksa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesawat antariksa">pesawat antariksa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kapal_selam" title="Kapal selam">kapal selam</a>, untuk menghilangkan karbon dioksida dan memurnikan udara. Litium hidroksida menyerap <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> dari udara dengan membentuk litium karbonat, dan lebih disukai daripada hidroksida alkali lainnya karena bobotnya yang ringan. Litium peroksida (Li) dengan adanya kelembaban tidak hanya bereaksi dengan karbon dioksida untuk membentuk litium karbonat, tetapi juga melepaskan oksigen.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Reaksinya adalah sebagai berikut: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Li2O2 + 2CO2 -> 2Li2CO3 + O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Li</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Li</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Li2O2 + 2CO2 -> 2Li2CO3 + O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/496145f094fcd09c0867d02a8669ff8ab486b071" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.539ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Li2O2 + 2CO2 -> 2Li2CO3 + O2}}}"></dd></dl> Beberapa senyawa yang disebutkan di atas, begitu juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_perklorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium perklorat (halaman belum tersedia)">litium perklorat</a>, digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Generator_oksigen_kimia#Lilin_oksigen" title="Generator oksigen kimia">lilin oksigen</a> yang memasok <a href="/wiki/Kapal_selam" title="Kapal selam">kapal selam</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>. Ini bisa juga termasuk sejumlah kecil <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">silikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Optik">Optik</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Optik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Optik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Litium_fluorida" title="Litium fluorida">Litium fluorida</a>, yang di<a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristalkan</a> secara artifisial, bersifat jernih dan transparan sehingga sering digunakan untuk optik khusus pada aplikasi <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">IR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">UV</a> dan VUV (<a href="/wiki/UV_vakum" class="mw-redirect" title="UV vakum">UV vakum</a>). Ia merupakan salah satu bahan yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Indeks_bias" title="Indeks bias">indeks bias</a> terendah dan jangkauan transmisi UV terjauh.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Bubuk halus litium fluorida telah digunakan untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosimeter_termoluminesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dosimeter termoluminesen (halaman belum tersedia)">dosimetri termoluminesen</a> (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter, TLD): ketika sampel terpapar radiasi, ia mengakumulasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defek_kristal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defek kristal (halaman belum tersedia)">defek kristal</a> yang, ketika dipanaskan, memancarkan cahaya kebiru-biruan yang intensitasnya sebanding dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosis_terabsorbsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dosis terabsorbsi (halaman belum tersedia)">dosis terabsorbsi</a>, sehingga memungkinkan untuk diukur.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> Litium fluorida kadang-kadang digunakan pada lensa fokal <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_niobat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium niobat (halaman belum tersedia)">Litium niobat</a> dengan ketaklinieran tinggi juga membuatnya berguna dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_taklinier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik taklinier (halaman belum tersedia)">aplikasi optik taklinier</a>. Ini digunakan secara luas dalam produk telekomunikasi seperti telepon genggam dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulator_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modulator optik (halaman belum tersedia)">modulator optik</a>, untuk komponen seperti <a href="/wiki/Osilator_kristal" class="mw-redirect" title="Osilator kristal">resonansi kristal</a>. Aplikasi litium digunakan di lebih dari 60% produk ponsel.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kimia_organik_dan_polimer">Kimia organik dan polimer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia organik dan polimer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia organik dan polimer">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_organolitium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa organolitium (halaman belum tersedia)">Senyawa organolitium</a> banyak digunakan dalam produksi polimer dan bahan kimia berderajat kemurnian tinggi. Dalam industri polimer, yang merupakan konsumen dominan pereaksi ini, senyawa alkil litium adalah <a href="/wiki/Katalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalis">katalis</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Inisiator_radikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inisiator radikal (halaman belum tersedia)">inisiator</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polimerisasi_adisi_anionik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimerisasi adisi anionik (halaman belum tersedia)">polimerisasi anionik</a> <a href="/wiki/Olefin" class="mw-redirect" title="Olefin">olefin</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsi" title="Gugus fungsi">nonfungsional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> Untuk produksi bahan kimia murni, senyawa organolitium berfungsi sebagai basa kuat dan sebagai pereaksi untuk pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_karbon-karbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikatan karbon-karbon">ikatan karbon-karbon</a>. Senyawa organolitium dibuat dari logam litium dan alkil halida.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> Banyak senyawa litium lainnya digunakan sebagai pereaksi untuk membuat senyawa organik. Beberapa senyawa populer termasuk <a href="/wiki/Litium_aluminium_hidrida" title="Litium aluminium hidrida">litium aluminium hidrida</a> (LiAlH4), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_trietilborohidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium trietilborohidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">litium trietilborohidrida</a>, <a href="/wiki/N-Butillitium" title="N-Butillitium">n-butillitium</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tert-butillitium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tert-butillitium (halaman belum tersedia)">tert-butillitium</a> biasa digunakan sebagai basa yang sangat kuat yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superbasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superbasa (halaman belum tersedia)">superbasa</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aplikasi_militer">Aplikasi militer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi militer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi militer">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Litium metalik dan kompleks <a href="/wiki/Hidrida" title="Hidrida">hidridanya</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Litium_aluminium_hidrida" title="Litium aluminium hidrida">Li[AlH4]</a>, digunakan sebagai aditif berenergi tinggi pada <a href="/wiki/Propelan_roket" title="Propelan roket">propelan roket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-17">[17]</a> Litium aluminium hidrida juga bisa digunakan secara mandiri sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar_padat" title="Bahan bakar padat">bahan bakar padat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_(ASW)_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_(DDG_84).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/220px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/330px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/440px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Peluncuran torpedo berbahan bakar litium</figcaption></figure> Sistem propulsi energi kimia tersimpan (stored chemical energy propulsion system, SCEPS) pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_Mark_50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torpedo Mark 50 (halaman belum tersedia)">torpedo Mark 50</a> menggunakan tangki kecil gas <a href="/wiki/Belerang_heksafluorida" title="Belerang heksafluorida">belerang heksafluorida</a>, yang disemprotkan di atas satu blok litium padat. Reaksinya menghasilkan panas, menciptakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kukus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kukus (halaman belum tersedia)">kukus</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/steam" class="extiw" title="en:steam">en</a>] untuk mendorong torpedo dalam <a href="/wiki/Siklus_Rankine" title="Siklus Rankine">siklus Rankine</a> yang tertutup.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Litium_hidrida" title="Litium hidrida">Litium hidrida</a> yang mengandung litium-6 digunakan pada <a href="/wiki/Senjata_termonuklir" title="Senjata termonuklir">senjata termonuklir</a>, sebagai pembungkus <a href="/wiki/Bom_nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bom nuklir">bom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuklir">Nuklir</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Nuklir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Nuklir">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Litium-6 dinilai sebagai sumber untuk produksi <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> dan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Penyerap_neutron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyerap neutron">penyerap neutron</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/neutron_absorber" class="extiw" title="en:neutron absorber">en</a>] pada <a href="/wiki/Fusi_nuklir" title="Fusi nuklir">fusi nuklir</a>. Litium alami mengandung sekitar 7,5% litium-6, yang darinya telah diproduksi sejumlah besar litium-6 melalui <a href="/wiki/Pemisahan_isotop" title="Pemisahan isotop">pemisahan isotop</a> untuk digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">senjata nuklir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Litium-7 menarik perhatian untuk digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Pendingin" class="mw-disambig" title="Pendingin">pendingin</a> <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklir" title="Reaktor nuklir">reaktor nuklir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg/220px-Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg/330px-Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg/440px-Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Litium deuterida digunakan sebagai bahan bakar dalam peralatan nuklir <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bravo" title="Castle Bravo">Castle Bravo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Litium_deuterida" class="mw-redirect" title="Litium deuterida">Litium deuterida</a> merupakan pilihan <a href="/wiki/Fusi_nuklir" title="Fusi nuklir">bahan bakar nuklir</a> untuk versi awal <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">bom hidrogen</a>. Ketika dibombardir oleh <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, baik 6Li dan 7Li menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> — reaksi ini, yang belum sepenuhnya dipahami ketika <a href="/wiki/Rancangan_Teller-Ulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancangan Teller-Ulam">bom hidrogen</a> pertama kali diuji, bertanggung jawab terhadap rendemen berjalan <a href="/wiki/Uji_nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Uji nuklir">uji nuklir</a> <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bravo" title="Castle Bravo">Castle Bravo</a>. Tritium berfusi dengan <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> dalam reaksi <a href="/wiki/Fusi_nuklir" title="Fusi nuklir">fusi</a> yang relatif mudah dicapai. Meskipun detailnya tetap menjadi rahasia, litium-6 deuterida tampaknya masih memainkan peran penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">senjata nuklir</a> modern sebagai material fusi.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Litium_fluorida" title="Litium fluorida">Litium fluorida</a>, ketika diperkaya ke dalam isotop litium-7, membentuk konstituen dasar campuran garam fluorida LiF-<a href="/wiki/Berilium_fluorida" title="Berilium fluorida">BeF2</a> yang digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaktor_lelehan_garam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaktor lelehan garam (halaman belum tersedia)">reaktor nuklir fluorida cair</a>. Litium fluorida secara kimia relatif stabil dan campuran LiF-BeF2 memiliki titik leleh rendah. Selain itu, 7Li, Be, dan F adalah bagian dari sedikit <a href="/wiki/Nuklida" title="Nuklida">nuklida</a> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irisan_melintang_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irisan melintang neutron (halaman belum tersedia)">irisan melintang tangkapan neutron termal</a> yang tidak mencemari reaksi fisi di dalam reaktor fisi nuklir.<a href="#cite_note-136">[catatan 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> Dalam konsep (hipotesis) pembangkit listrik <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_fusi" title="Tenaga fusi">tenaga fusi</a> nuklir, litium akan digunakan untuk menghasilkan tritium dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fusi_pengungkungan_magnetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fusi pengungkungan magnetik (halaman belum tersedia)">reaktor pengungkungan magnetik</a> menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> sebagai bahan bakar. Tritium alami sangat langka, dan harus disintesis dengan mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisika)" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasma</a> yang bereaksi dengan suatu 'selimut' yang mengandung litium di mana neutron dari reaksi deuterium-tritium dalam plasma akan memfisi litium untuk menghasilkan tritium lebih banyak: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^6Li + n -> ^4He + ^3T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Li</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>6</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>n</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>He</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>4</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mo>+</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>T</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^6Li + n -> ^4He + ^3T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/740175f09260313dc44cc71dc026ce993302a560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:21.611ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^6Li + n -> ^4He + ^3T}}}"></dd></dl> Litium juga digunakan sebagai sumber <a href="/wiki/Partikel_alfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel alfa">partikel alfa</a>, atau inti <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>. Ketika 7Li dibombardir oleh <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> yang dipercepat, terbentuklah 8<a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a>, yang mengalami fisi membentuk dua partikel alfa. Prestasi ini, disebut "pemecahan atom" pada saat itu, adalah <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_nuklir" title="Reaksi nuklir">reaksi nuklir</a> pertama buatan manusia. Ia ditemukan oleh <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">Cockroft</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> pada tahun 1932.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> Pada tahun 2013, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_Accountability_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government Accountability Office (halaman belum tersedia)">Government Accountability Office</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" class="extiw" title="en:Government Accountability Office">en</a>] Amerika Serikat menyatakan kelangkaan litium-7 sudah kritis untuk pengoperasian 65 dari 100 reaktor nuklir Amerika yang “berdampak pada kemampuan mereka melanjutkan menyediakan listrik menjadi berisiko”. Masalahnya berawal dari penurunan infrastruktur nuklir AS. Peralatan yang dibutuhkan untuk memisahkan litium-6 dari litium-7 kebanyakan merupakan sisa masa perang dingin. AS menutup sebagian besar mesin ini pada tahun 1963, ketika mengalami surplus litium yang sangat besar, kebanyakan dikonsumsi selama abad ke-20. Laporan tersebut mengatakan akan memakan waktu lima tahun dan $10 juta sampai $12 juta untuk membangun kembali kemampuan pemisahan litium-6 dari litium-7.<a href="#cite_note-nyt1013-140">[137]</a> Reaktor yang menggunakan air panas litium-7 di bawah tekanan tinggi dan transfer panas melalui penukar panas adalah yang rentan terhadap korosi. Reaktor menggunakan litium untuk melawan efek korosif <a href="/wiki/Asam_borat" title="Asam borat">asam borat</a>, yang ditambahkan ke dalam air untuk menyerap kelebihan neutron.<a href="#cite_note-nyt1013-140">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kedokteran">Kedokteran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Kedokteran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kedokteran">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Litium_(pengobatan)" title="Litium (pengobatan)">Litium (pengobatan)</a></div> Litium berguna dalam pengobatan <a href="/wiki/Gangguan_bipolar" title="Gangguan bipolar">gangguan bipolar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kean-141">[138]</a> Garam litium juga dapat membantu diagnosis terkait, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangguan_schizoafektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangguan schizoafektif (halaman belum tersedia)">gangguan schizoafektif</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Depresi_berat" class="mw-redirect" title="Depresi berat">depresi berat</a> siklik. Bagian aktif dari garam ini adalah ion litium Li+.<a href="#cite_note-kean-141">[138]</a> Mereka mungkin meningkatkan risiko pengembangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anomali_Ebstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anomali Ebstein (halaman belum tersedia)">anomali kardiak Ebstein</a> pada bayi yang lahir dari wanita yang mengonsumsi litium selama trimester pertama kehamilan.<a href="#cite_note-pmid18982835-142">[139]</a> Litium juga telah diteliti sebagai kemungkinan pengobatan untuk <a href="/wiki/Sakit_kepala_gugus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakit kepala gugus">sakit kepala gugus</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cluster_headache" class="extiw" title="en:cluster headache">en</a>].<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pencegahan">Pencegahan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Pencegahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencegahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div style="position: relative; height: 85px; width: 75px;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div title="Flammability" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 8px; font-size: large;">3</div> <div title="Health" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 26px; font-size: large;">2</div> <div title="Reactivity" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 26px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;">2</div> <div title="Other hazards" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 47px; font-size: small;"> </div> </div> Litium bersifat <a href="/wiki/Korosif" title="Korosif">korosif</a> dan memerlukan penanganan khusus agar tidak terkena kulit. Menghirup debu litium atau senyawa litium (yang sering kali alkalis) pada awalnya <a href="/wiki/Iritasi" title="Iritasi">mengiritasi</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidung" title="Hidung">hidung</a> dan tenggorokan, sementara paparan yang lebih tinggi dapat menyebabkan penumpukan cairan di <a href="/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru">paru-paru</a>, menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Edema_paru" title="Edema paru">edema paru</a>. Logamnya sendiri memiliki bahaya penanganan karena kontak dengan uap air menghasilkan litium hidroksida yang <a href="/wiki/Zat_korosif" class="mw-redirect" title="Zat korosif">kaustik</a>. Litium disimpan dengan aman dalam senyawa tak reaktif seperti <a href="/wiki/Nafta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafta">nafta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulasi">Regulasi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Regulasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Regulasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Beberapa yurisdiksi membatasi penjualan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai litium (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai litium</a>, yang merupakan sumber litium yang paling mudah tersedia untuk konsumen umum. Litium dapat digunakan untuk mereduksi <a href="/wiki/Pseudoefedrin" title="Pseudoefedrin">pseudoefedrin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Efedrina" title="Efedrina">efedrin</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Metamfetamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamfetamin">metamfetamin</a> dalam metode <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reduksi_Birch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reduksi Birch (halaman belum tersedia)">reduksi Birch</a>, yang menggunakan larutan logam alkali yang dilarutkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a> anhidrat.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Pengangkutan dan pengiriman beberapa jenis baterai litium mungkin dilarang menggunakan beberapa moda transportasi (terutama pesawat terbang) karena kemampuan sebagian besar jenis baterai litium untuk melepaskan dayanya dengan sangat cepat saat mengalami <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_pendek" title="Hubungan pendek">hubungan pendek</a>, yang dapat menyebabkan panas berlebihan dan kemungkinan <a href="/wiki/Ledakan" title="Ledakan">ledakan</a> dalam proses yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelarian_termal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelarian termal (halaman belum tersedia)">pelarian termal</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_runaway" class="extiw" title="en:Thermal runaway">en</a>]. Sebagian besar baterai litium memiliki proteksi kelebihan beban termal untuk mencegah kejadian jenis ini, atau sebaliknya dirancang untuk membatasi arus hubung pendek. Arus pendek internal dari cacat pabrik atau kerusakan fisik dapat menyebabkan pelarian termal secara spontan.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilitium" title="Dilitium">Dilitium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_penghasil_litium" title="Daftar negara penghasil litium">Daftar negara penghasil litium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_sebagai_investasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium sebagai investasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Litium sebagai investasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_litium" title="Kategori:Senyawa litium">Senyawa litium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_(medis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium (medis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Litium (medis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabun_litium" title="Sabun litium">Sabun litium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baterai_ion_litium" title="Baterai ion litium">Baterai ion litium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_litium%E2%80%93udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai litium–udara (halaman belum tersedia)">Baterai litium–udara</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14985869">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:220px"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Buku" title="Wikipedia:Buku">Buku</a> Lihat atau urutkan koleksi artikel</td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Litium (halaman belum tersedia)">Litium</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Unsur_periode_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Unsur periode 2 (halaman belum tersedia)">Unsur periode 2</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Logam_alkali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Logam alkali (halaman belum tersedia)">Logam alkali</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Book:Unsur_kimia_(urut_abjad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book:Unsur kimia (urut abjad)">Unsur kimia (urut abjad)</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Book:Unsur_kimia_(urut_nomor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book:Unsur kimia (urut nomor)">Unsur kimia (urut nomor)</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:220px"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a> Akses topik terkait</td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_science_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/29px-P_science_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/44px-P_science_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/58px-P_science_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="371" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal Kimia</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:220px">Temukan informasi lain di <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proyek_saudari_Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Proyek saudari Wikimedia">proyek saudari Wikimedia</a></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Litium" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Litium">Berkas dan media</a> dari Commons</li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Litium#bahasa_Inggris" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Litium">Definisi</a> dari Wiktionary</li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wikijunior:Unsur/Litium" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Wikijunior:Unsur/Litium">Buku teks</a> dari Wikibooks</li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/45px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lithium_atom" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Lithium atom">Sumber pembelajaran</a> dari Wikiversity</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-res-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-res_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-res_44-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2011/mcsapp2011.pdf">Apendixes</a>. Menurut definisi USGS, basis cadangan "dapat mencakup bagian sumber daya yang memiliki potensi ketersediaan yang memadai secara ekonomi dalam cakrawala perencanaan di luar yang dianggap terbukti menurut teknologi dan ekonomi saat ini. Basis cadangan mencakup sumber daya yang saat ini bersifat ekonomi (cadangan), ekonomi marginal (cadangan marjinal), dan sebagian dari mereka yang saat ini bersifat subekonomis (sumber daya subekonomis)." </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> ditahan untuk menghindari pengungkapan data milik perusahaan </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Berilium dan fluorin hanya terdapat sebagai satu isotop, masing-masing 9Be dan 19F. Keduanya, serta 7Li, juga <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">2H</a>, 11B, 15N, 209Bi, dan isotop stabil C dan O, adalah nuklida-nuklida dengan irisan melintang tangkapan neutron termal rendah dari <a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">aktinida</a> yang berfungsi sebagai konstituen utama bahan bakar reaktor pembiak lelehan garam. </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=32" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> (Indonesia) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/litium">"Litium"</a>. KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&rft.atitle=Litium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Flitium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lodders2003-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lodders2003_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lodders2003_3-1">b</a> Numerical data from: <cite id="CITEREFLodders2003" class="citation journal">Lodders, Katharina (July 10, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weft.astro.washington.edu/courses/astro557/LODDERS.pdf">"Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements"</a> (PDF). 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The American Astronomical Society. 591 (2): 1220–1247. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...591.1220L">2003ApJ...591.1220L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F375492">10.1086/375492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Solar+System+Abundances+and+Condensation+Temperatures+of+the+Elements&rft.volume=591&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1220-1247&rft.date=2003-07-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F375492&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ApJ...591.1220L&rft.aulast=Lodders&rft.aufirst=Katharina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweft.astro.washington.edu%2Fcourses%2Fastro557%2FLODDERS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  Graphed at <a href="/wiki/Berkas:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg" title="Berkas:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg">File:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604211457/https://fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/design.htm">Nuclear Weapon Design</a>. 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Serie III, Sciences de la vie. 299 (18): 719–24. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6440674">6440674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comptes+rendus+de+l%27Academie+des+sciences.+Serie+III%2C+Sciences+de+la+vie&rft.atitle=Bioaccumulation+of+lithium+by+marine+organisms+in+European%2C+American%2C+and+Asian+coastal+zones%3A+microanalytic+study+using+secondary+ion+emission&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=719-24&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6440674&rft.aulast=Chassard-Bouchaud&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Galle%2C+P.&rft.au=Escaig%2C+F.&rft.au=Miyawaki%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bonif%C3%A1cio_de_Andrada" title="José Bonifácio de Andrada">D'Andraba</a> (1800). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29658#page/256/mode/1up">"Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège, avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances"</a>. Journal de chimie et de physique. 51: 239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+chimie+et+de+physique&rft.atitle=Des+caract%C3%A8res+et+des+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+de+plusieurs+nouveaux+min%C3%A9rauxde+Su%C3%A8de+et+de+Norw%C3%A8ge%2C+avec+quelques+observations+chimiques+faites+sur+ces+substances&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=239&rft.date=1800&rft.au=D%27Andraba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F29658%23page%2F256%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-mindat-61"><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_61-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html">"Petalite Mineral Information"</a>. Mindat.org. 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Diakses tanggal 10 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithium%3AHistorical+information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Flithium%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-discovery-63"><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_63-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=SJIk9BPdNWcC">Discovery of the Elements</a>. Whitefish, Montana, United States: Kessinger Publishing. hlm. 124. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7661-3872-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7661-3872-0">0-7661-3872-0</a>. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Whitefish%2C+Montana%2C+United+States&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7661-3872-0&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSJIk9BPdNWcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Berzelius (1817). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAsAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA44">"Ein neues mineralisches Alkali und ein neues Metall"</a>. Journal für Chemie und Physik. 21: 44–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+f%C3%BCr+Chemie+und+Physik&rft.atitle=Ein+neues+mineralisches+Alkali+und+ein+neues+Metall&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=44-48&rft.date=1817&rft.au=Berzelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAsAAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|trans_title=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) From p. 45: "Herr August Arfwedson, ein junger sehr verdienstvoller Chemiker, der seit einem Jahre in meinem Laboratorie arbeitet, fand bei einer Analyse des Petalits von Uto's Eisengrube, einen alkalischen Bestandtheil, … Wir haben es Lithion genannt, um dadurch auf seine erste Entdeckung im Mineralreich anzuspielen, da die beiden anderen erst in der organischen Natur entdeckt wurden. Sein Radical wird dann Lithium genannt werden." (Mr. August Arfwedson, a young, very meritorious chemist, who has worked in my laboratory for a year, found during an analysis of petalite from Uto's iron mine, an alkaline component … We've named it lithion, in order to allude thereby to its first discovery in the mineral realm, since the two others were first discovered in organic nature. Its radical will then be named "lithium".) </li> <li id="cite_note-berzelius-65"><a href="#cite_ref-berzelius_65-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007084500/http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html">"Johan August Arfwedson"</a>. Periodic Table Live!. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 October 2010. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Periodic+Table+Live%21&rft.atitle=Johan+August+Arfwedson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemeddl.org%2Fcollections%2Fptl%2Fptl%2Fchemists%2Fbios%2Farfwedson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-uwis-66"><a href="#cite_ref-uwis_66-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605152857/http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">"Johan Arfwedson"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 June 2008. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johan+Arfwedson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenchem.chem.wisc.edu%2Flab%2FPTL%2FPTL%2FBIOS%2Farfwdson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-vanderkrogt-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_67-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web">van der Krogt, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616005621/http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=li">"Lithium"</a>. Elementymology & Elements Multidict. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Li">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-06-16. Diakses tanggal 5 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithium&rft.pub=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&rft.aulast=van+der+Krogt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DLi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-compounds-68"><a href="#cite_ref-compounds_68-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Clark, Jim (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">"Compounds of the Group 1 Elements"</a>. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compounds+of+the+Group+1+Elements&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Finorganic%2Fgroup1%2Fcompounds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Lihat: <ul><li>Arwedson, Aug. (1818) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=71QrAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Undersökning af några vid Utö Jernmalmsbrott förekommende Fossilier, och af ett deri funnet eget Eldfast Alkali"</a>, Afhandlingar i Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, 6: 145–172. (Bahasa Swedia)</li> <li>Arwedson, Aug. (1818) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076802493;view=1up;seq=105">"Untersuchung einiger bei der Eisen-Grube von Utö vorkommenden Fossilien und von einem darin gefundenen neuen feuerfesten Alkali"</a> (Investigation of some minerals occurring at the iron mines of Utö and of a new refractory alkali found therein), Journal für Chemie und Physik, 22 (1): 93–117. (Bahasa Jerman)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gmelin, C. G. (1818). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2OTAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA238#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Von dem Lithon"</a>. Annalen der Physik. 59: 238–241. <q>p. 238 Es löste sich in diesem ein Salz auf, das an der Luft zerfloss, und nach Art der Strontiansalze den Alkohol mit einer purpurrothen Flamme brennen machte. (There dissolved in this [solvent; namely, absolute alcohol] a salt that deliquesced in air, and in the manner of strontium salts, caused the alcohol to burn with a purple-red flame.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Von+dem+Lithon&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=238-241&rft.date=1818&rft.au=Gmelin%2C+C.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2OTAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA238%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|trans_title=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-eote-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eote_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eote_71-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Enghag, Per (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaelem00engh">Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data – History –Processing – Applications</a>. Wiley. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaelem00engh/page/287">287</a>–300. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-527-30666-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-527-30666-4">978-3-527-30666-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Elements%3A+Technical+Data+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93Processing+%E2%80%93+Applications&rft.pages=287-300&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30666-4&rft.au=Enghag%2C+Per&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaelem00engh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrande1821" class="citation">Brande, William Thomas (1821), John Murray, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERgAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA57">A Manual of Chemistry</a>, 2 (edisi ke-2nd), London, England, hlm. 57–58</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Chemistry&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=57-58&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1821&rft.aulast=Brande&rft.aufirst=William+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DERgAAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Various authors (1818). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=D_4WAAAAYAAJ">"The Quarterly journal of science and the arts"</a> (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts. Royal Institution of Great Britain. 5: 338. Diakses tanggal 5 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Science+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=The+Quarterly+journal+of+science+and+the+arts&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=338&rft.date=1818&rft.au=Various+authors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DD_4WAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012054730/http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html">"Timeline science and engineering"</a>. DiracDelta Science & Engineering Encyclopedia. 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Diakses tanggal 8 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+manual+of+chemistry&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Long&rft.date=1821&rft.aulast=Brande&rft.aufirst=William+Thomas&rft.au=MacNeven%2C+William+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzkIAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bunsen, R. (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002457943;view=1up;seq=517">"Darstellung des Lithiums"</a>. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 94: 107–111. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjlac.18550940112">10.1002/jlac.18550940112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Chemie+und+Pharmacie&rft.atitle=Darstellung+des+Lithiums&rft.volume=94&rft.pages=107-111&rft.date=1855&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjlac.18550940112&rft.au=Bunsen%2C+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duva.x002457943%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|trans_title=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Green, Thomas (11 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echeat.com/free-essay/Analysis-of-the-Element-Lithium-29195.aspx">"Analysis of the Element Lithium"</a>. echeat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+the+Element+Lithium&rft.pub=echeat&rft.date=2006-06-11&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.echeat.com%2Ffree-essay%2FAnalysis-of-the-Element-Lithium-29195.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Garrett, Donald E. 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Chemie in unserer Zeit. 19 (5): 167–173. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fciuz.19850190505">10.1002/ciuz.19850190505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemie+in+unserer+Zeit&rft.atitle=Lithium+-+wie+es+nicht+im+Lehrbuch+steht&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=167-173&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fciuz.19850190505&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-USGSYB1994-82"><a href="#cite_ref-USGSYB1994_82-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/myb1-2007-lithi.pdf">"Minerals Yearbook 2007 : Lithium"</a> (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minerals+Yearbook+2007+%3A+Lithium&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Ober&rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flithium%2Fmyb1-2007-lithi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-IMR-83"><a href="#cite_ref-IMR_83-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kogel, Jessica Elzea (2006). "Lithium". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA600&lpg=PAPA599">Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses</a>. Littleton, Colo.: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. hlm. 599. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87335-233-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87335-233-8">978-0-87335-233-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lithium&rft.btitle=Industrial+minerals+%26+rocks%3A+commodities%2C+markets%2C+and+uses&rft.place=Littleton%2C+Colo.&rft.pages=599&rft.pub=Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87335-233-8&rft.aulast=Kogel&rft.aufirst=Jessica+Elzea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzNicdkuulE4C%26pg%3DPA600%26lpg%3DPAPA599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation book">McKetta, John J. 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Diakses tanggal 29 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Processing+and+Design%3A+Volume+28+%E2%80%93+Lactic+Acid+to+Magnesium+Supply-Demand+Relationships&rft.pub=M.+Dekker&rft.date=2007-07-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-2478-8&rft.au=McKetta%2C+John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8erDL_DnsgAC%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGreenwood,_Norman_N.;_Earnshaw,_A.1997" class="citation">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements (edisi ke-2), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, hlm. 73, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7506-3365-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7506-3365-4">0-7506-3365-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=73&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.%3B+Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_86-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Martin, Richard (2015-06-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/538036/quest-to-mine-seawater-for-lithium-advances/">"Quest to Mine Seawater for Lithium Advances"</a>. 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New York: Plenum Press. hlm. 15–16. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-306-44758-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-306-44758-7">978-0-306-44758-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battery+hazards+and+accident+prevention&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=15-16&rft.pub=Plenum+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-306-44758-7&rft.au=Bro%2C+Per&rft.au=Levy%2C+Samuel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Di7U-0IB8tjMC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104141539/http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/airtravel/assistant/batteries.shtm">"TSA: Safe Travel with Batteries and Devices"</a>. Tsa.gov. 1 January 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/airtravel/assistant/batteries.shtm">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TSA%3A+Safe+Travel+with+Batteries+and+Devices&rft.pub=Tsa.gov&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsa.gov%2Ftravelers%2Fairtravel%2Fassistant%2Fbatteries.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALitium" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium&action=edit&section=33" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/27px-P_science_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/41px-P_science_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/54px-P_science_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="371" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal kimia </a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/003.htm">Lithium</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090817001127/http://www.lithiumalliance.org/">International Lithium Alliance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/">USGS: Lithium Statistics and Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trugroup.com/whitepapers/TRU-Lithium-Outlook-2020.pdf">Lithium Supply & Markets 2009 IM Conference 2009 Sustainable lithium supplies through 2020 in the face of sustainable market growth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226213021/https://www.mcis.soton.ac.uk/Site_Files/pdf/nuclear_history/Working_Paper_No_5.pdf">University of Southampton, Mountbatten Centre for International Studies, Nuclear History Working Paper No5.</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">(besar)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Senyawa_litium" title="Templat:Senyawa litium"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Senyawa_litium" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Senyawa litium"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Senyawa_litium&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senyawa_litium" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_litium" title="Kategori:Senyawa litium">Senyawa</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">litium</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anorganik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_tetrachloroaluminate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium tetrachloroaluminate (halaman belum tersedia)">LiAlCl4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_aluminium_hidrida" title="Litium aluminium hidrida">LiAlH4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_aluminat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium aluminat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiAlO2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_tetrafluoroborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium tetrafluoroborat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiBF4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_borohidrida" title="Litium borohidrida">LiBH4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_metaborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium metaborat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiBO2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_triborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium triborat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiB3O5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_borat" title="Litium borat">Li2B4O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_bromida" title="Litium bromida">LiBr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_karbonat" title="Litium karbonat">Li2CO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_karbida" title="Litium karbida">Li2C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">LiCl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_hipoklorit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium hipoklorit (halaman belum tersedia)">LiClO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_klorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium klorat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiClO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_perklorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium perklorat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiClO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_kobalt_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium kobalt oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">LiCoO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_fluorida" title="Litium fluorida">LiF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_hidrida" title="Litium hidrida">LiH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_iodida" title="Litium iodida">LiI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_iodat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium iodat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiIO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_iridat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium iridat (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2IrO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_molibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium molibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2MoO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_amida" title="Litium amida">LiNH2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_imida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium imida (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2NH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_azida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium azida (halaman belum tersedia)">LiN3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_nitrida" title="Litium nitrida">Li3N</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_nitrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium nitrit (halaman belum tersedia)">LiNO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_nitrat" title="Litium nitrat">LiNO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_niobat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium niobat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiNbO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_hidroksida" title="Litium hidroksida">LiOH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_superoksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium superoksida (halaman belum tersedia)">LiO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_oksida" title="Litium oksida">Li2O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_peroksida" title="Litium peroksida">Li2O2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_heksafluorofosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium heksafluorofosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">LiPF6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_platinat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium platinat (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2PtO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_polonida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium polonida (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2Po</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_ruthenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium ruthenat (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2RuO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_sulfida" title="Litium sulfida">Li2S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_sulfit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium sulfit (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2SO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2SO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_metasilikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium metasilikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2SiO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_tantalat" title="Litium tantalat">LiTaO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_titanat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium titanat (halaman belum tersedia)">Li2TiO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_12-hidroksistearat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium 12-hidroksistearat (halaman belum tersedia)">12-hidroksistearat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_asetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium asetat (halaman belum tersedia)">asetat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_aspartat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium aspartat (halaman belum tersedia)">aspartat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_sitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium sitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">sitrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litium_diisopropilamida" title="Litium diisopropilamida">diisopropilamida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_orotat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium orotat (halaman belum tersedia)">orotat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_suksinat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium suksinat (halaman belum tersedia)">suksinat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_stearat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium stearat (halaman belum tersedia)">stearat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pereaksi_organolitium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pereaksi organolitium (halaman belum tersedia)">organolitium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mineral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambligonit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambligonit (halaman belum tersedia)">Ambligonit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbait (halaman belum tersedia)">Elbait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukriptit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eukriptit (halaman belum tersedia)">Eukriptit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadarit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadarit (halaman belum tersedia)">Jadarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidolit" title="Lepidolit">Lepidolit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litiofilit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litiofilit (halaman belum tersedia)">Litiofilit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalit" title="Petalit">Petalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezotait" title="Pezotait">Pezotait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saliotit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saliotit (halaman belum tersedia)">Saliotit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spodumena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spodumena (halaman belum tersedia)">Spodumena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sugilit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sugilit (halaman belum tersedia)">Sugilit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourmalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourmalin (halaman belum tersedia)">Tourmalin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zabuyelit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zabuyelit (halaman belum tersedia)">Zabuyelit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinnwaldit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinnwaldit (halaman belum tersedia)">Zinnwaldit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX531331">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119338639">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119338639">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077577">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569575">Jepang</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph514327&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/523925430">Microsoft Academic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litium&oldid=25833072">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litium&oldid=25833072</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Unsur_kimia" 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