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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Karakteristik </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Karakteristik </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sifat_fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Sifat fisika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Isotop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_dan_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_dan_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Senyawa dan kimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_dan_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian_dan_produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian_dan_produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Keterjadian dan produksi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keterjadian_dan_produksi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Keterjadian dan produksi </button> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian_dan_produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sejarah_pertambangan_molibdenum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_pertambangan_molibdenum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Sejarah pertambangan molibdenum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_pertambangan_molibdenum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Aplikasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Logam_paduan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logam_paduan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Logam paduan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logam_paduan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi_lainnya_sebagai_unsur_murni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi_lainnya_sebagai_unsur_murni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Aplikasi lainnya sebagai unsur murni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi_lainnya_sebagai_unsur_murni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senyawa_(14%_penggunaan_global)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_(14%_penggunaan_global)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Senyawa (14% penggunaan global) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_(14%_penggunaan_global)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_biologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_biologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Peran biologis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Peran biologis </button> <ul id="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nitrogenase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nitrogenase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Nitrogenase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nitrogenase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enzim_kofaktor_molibdenum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enzim_kofaktor_molibdenum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Enzim kofaktor molibdenum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enzim_kofaktor_molibdenum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asupan_makanan_dan_defisiensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asupan_makanan_dan_defisiensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Asupan makanan dan defisiensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asupan_makanan_dan_defisiensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyakit_terkait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyakit_terkait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Penyakit terkait </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyakit_terkait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antagonisme_tembaga-molibdenum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antagonisme_tembaga-molibdenum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Antagonisme tembaga-molibdenum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antagonisme_tembaga-molibdenum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pencegahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencegahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Pencegahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pencegahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Lihat juga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Molibdenum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 142 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" > 142 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeen" title="Molibdeen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Molibdeen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%88%8A%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%B4%E1%8A%90%E1%88%9D" title="ሞሊብዴነም – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞሊብዴነም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="موليبدنوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موليبدنوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="موليبدين – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موليبدين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="موليبدنوم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موليبدنوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdenu" title="Molibdenu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Molibdenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldel" title="Moldel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Moldel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C3%A9num" title="Molibdénum – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Molibdénum" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Малібдэн – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малібдэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Малібдэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Малібдэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="मॉलिब्डेनम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मॉलिब्डेनम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="মলিবডেনাম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মলিবডেনাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="མོ་ལིབ་ཌེ་ནིམ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མོ་ལིབ་ཌེ་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C3%A8" title="Molibdè – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Molibdè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%ADk_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%86%D9%85" title="مۆلیبدێنۆم – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆلیبدێنۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdenu" title="Molibdenu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Molibdenu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Molybden" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenwm" title="Molybdenwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Molybdenwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybd%C3%A6n" title="Molybdæn – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Molybdæn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Molybdän" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%84%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="މޮލިބްޑިނަމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މޮލިބްޑިނަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μολυβδαίνιο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μολυβδαίνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mol%C3%BCbdeen" title="Molübdeen – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Molübdeen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86" title="مولیبدن – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مولیبدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdeeni" title="Molybdeeni – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Molybdeeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Molybdène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mol%C3%BCbdeen" title="Molübdeen – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Molübdeen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molaibd%C3%A9ineam" title="Molaibdéineam – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Molaibdéineam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moilibdeanum" title="Moilibdeanum – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Moilibdeanum" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%AE" title="મોલિબ્ડેનમ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોલિબ્ડેનમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%93%D7%9F" title="מוליבדן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוליבדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="मोलिब्डेनम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोलिब्डेनम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C3%A9n" title="Molibdén – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Molibdén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Մոլիբդեն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոլիբդեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdeno" title="Molybdeno – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Molybdeno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdo" title="Molibdo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Molibdo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3l%C3%BDbden" title="Mólýbden – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mólýbden" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" title="モリブデン – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モリブデン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mlibdena" title="mlibdena – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mlibdena" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C3%A8num" title="Molibdènum – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Molibdènum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მოლიბდენი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოლიბდენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94l%C9%A9b%C9%A9d%C9%9Bn%C9%A9" title="Mɔlɩbɩdɛnɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɔlɩbɩdɛnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಾಲಿಬ್ಡಿನಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಲಿಬ್ಡಿನಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C%EB%8D%B0%EB%84%98" title="몰리브데넘 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몰리브데넘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mol%C3%AEbden" title="Molîbden – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Molîbden" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenom" title="Molybdenom – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Molybdenom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Molybdän" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdeen" title="Molybdeen – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Molybdeen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdenas" title="Molibdenas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Molibdenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C4%93ns" title="Molibdēns – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Molibdēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Молибдена – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Молибдена" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4libdena" title="Môlibdena – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môlibdena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മൊളിബ്ഡിനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊളിബ്ഡിനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="मॉलिब्डेनम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॉलिब्डेनम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Molibdenum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="မိုလိပ်ဒီနမ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုလိပ်ဒီနမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="मोलिब्डेनम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मोलिब्डेनम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdeen" title="Molybdeen – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Molybdeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Molybden" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Molybden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C3%A8n" title="Molibdèn – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Molibdèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE" title="ਮੌਲਿਬਡੀਨਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੌਲਿਬਡੀਨਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="मोलिब्डेनम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मोलिब्डेनम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85" title="مولیبیڈینم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مولیبیڈینم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="موليبډينوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موليبډينوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C3%AAnio" title="Molibdênio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Molibdênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulipthinu" title="Mulipthinu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mulipthinu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdenu" title="Molibdenu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Molibdenu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="मोलिब्डेनम – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मोलिब्डेनम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdenu" title="Molibdenu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Molibdenu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdenu" title="Molibdenu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Molibdenu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybd%C3%A9n" title="Molybdén – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Molybdén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeni" title="Molibdeni – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Molibdeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Molybdän" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibd%C3%A9num" title="Molibdénum – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Molibdénum" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Molybden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeni" title="Molibdeni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Molibdeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாலிப்டினம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாலிப்டினம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="మోలిబ్డినం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మోలిబ్డినం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="โมลิบดีนัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมลิบดีนัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Молибден" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86" title="مولبېدىن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مولبېدىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молібден – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Молібден" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85" title="مولیبڈینم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مولیبڈینم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Molibden" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Molybden" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Molibdeno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Молибдениум – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Молибдениум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="מאליבדען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאליבדען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%AC" title="鉬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Molybdenum" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%AC" title="鉬 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMophobo" title="UMophobo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMophobo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1053#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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href="/wiki/Molibdenum">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=history">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Molibdenum" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pranala balik</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Molibdenum" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan terkait</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q">Halaman istimewa</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&oldid=25833075" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini">Pranala permanen</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini">Informasi halaman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Molibdenum&id=25833075&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini">Kutip halaman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMolibdenum">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMolibdenum">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Molibdenum">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Molibdenum&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1053" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;">42Mo</div>Molibdenum</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/260px-Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/390px-Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/520px-Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5148" data-file-height="3264" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Fragmen kristal dan kubus molibdenum 1 cm3</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Molybdenum_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Molybdenum_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Molybdenum_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Molybdenum_spectrum_visible.png/330px-Molybdenum_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Molybdenum_spectrum_visible.png/440px-Molybdenum_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum molibdenum</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">/molibdènum/<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">metalik abu-abu</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Molibdenum dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_042_Molybdenum.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 042 Molybdenum.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Electron_shell_042_Molybdenum.svg/50px-Electron_shell_042_Molybdenum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Electron_shell_042_Molybdenum.svg/75px-Electron_shell_042_Molybdenum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Electron_shell_042_Molybdenum.svg/100px-Electron_shell_042_Molybdenum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"> 42Mo</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Berilium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Silikon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)">Clor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium">Potasium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Besi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Nikel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Seng</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)">Selen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> ↑ Mo ↓ <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> ← molibdenum → <a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">teknesium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">42</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">golongan 6</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 5</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">  <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> (Ar)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>95,95±0,01</li><li>95,95±0,01 (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a>] 5s1 4d5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 13, 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2896 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (2623 °C, 4753 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">4912 K (4639 °C, 8382 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> mendekati <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">10,28 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">9,33 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">37,48 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">598 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">24,06 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada <abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>2742 </td> <td>2994 </td> <td>3312 </td> <td>3707 </td> <td>4212 </td> <td>4879 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (oksida <a href="/wiki/Asam" title="Asam">asam</a> kuat)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 2,16 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 684,3 kJ/mol ke-2: 1560 kJ/mol ke-3: 2618 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris: 139 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">154±5 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_kubus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kristal kubus">kubus berpusat badan</a> (bcc)<div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cubic-body-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Body-centered cubic untuk molibdenum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="949" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a> batang ringan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">5400 m/s (pada <abbr title="suhu kamar">s.k.</abbr>) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">4,8 µm/(m·K) (suhu 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">138 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Difusivitas_termal" title="Difusivitas termal">Difusivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">54,3 mm2/s (suhu 300 K)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">53,4 nΩ·m (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">+89,0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">329 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">126 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">230 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Rasio_Poisson" title="Rasio Poisson">Rasio Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,31 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">Skala Mohs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">5,5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Vickers" title="Uji kekerasan Vickers">Skala Vickers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1400–2740 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Brinell" title="Uji kekerasan Brinell">Skala Brinell</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1370–2500 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7439-98-7 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl W. Scheele</a> (1778)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Isolasi pertama</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jacob_Hjelm" title="Peter Jacob Hjelm">Peter J. Hjelm</a> (1781)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_molibdenum" title="Isotop molibdenum">Isotop molibdenum</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> (t1/2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">92Mo </th> <td style="text-align:right">14.65% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">93Mo </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetis" title="Radioisotop sintetis">sintetis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4×103 thn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium-93" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium-93">93Nb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">94Mo </th> <td style="text-align:right">9,19% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">95Mo </th> <td style="text-align:right">15,87% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">96Mo </th> <td style="text-align:right">16,67% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">97Mo </th> <td style="text-align:right">9,58% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">98Mo </th> <td style="text-align:right">24,29% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">99Mo </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">65,94 jam </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium-99m" title="Teknesium-99m">99mTc</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">γ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">100Mo </th> <td style="text-align:right;">9,74% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,8×1018 thn </td> <td>β−β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium-100" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutenium-100">100Ru</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ffc0c0; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_molibdenum" title="Templat:Kotak info molibdenum">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_molibdenum&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053" class="extiw" title="d:Q1053">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Molibdenum adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> Mo dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 42. Namanya diambil dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Neo-Latin</a> molybdaenum, dari bahasa <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a> Μόλυβδος molybdos, yang berarti <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>, karena bijihnya dirancukan dengan bijih timbal.<a href="#cite_note-CRCdescription-5">[5]</a> Mineral molibdenum telah dikenal sepanjang sejarah, tetapi unsurnya ditemukan (dalam arti membedakannya sebagai entitas baru dari garam mineral logam lainnya) pada tahun 1778 oleh <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a>. Logamnya pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1781 oleh <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jacob_Hjelm" title="Peter Jacob Hjelm">Peter Jacob Hjelm</a>. Molibdenum tidak terjadi secara alami sebagai <a href="/wiki/Logam_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Logam alami">logam bebas</a> di Bumi; ia hanya ditemukan dalam berbagai <a href="/wiki/Tingkat_oksidasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingkat oksidasi">tingkat oksidasi</a> pada mineral. Unsur bebasnya, suatu <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> keperakan dengan noda abu-abu, memiliki <a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">titik lebur</a> <a href="/wiki/Daftar_unsur_berdasarkan_titik_lebur" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar unsur berdasarkan titik lebur">ke-6</a> di antara semua unsur. Ia mudah membentuk <a href="/wiki/Karbida" title="Karbida">karbida</a> stabil dan keras dalam <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">logam paduan</a>, dan untuk alasan ini, sebagian besar produksi dunia unsur ini (sekitar 80%) digunakan dalam paduan <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a>, termasuk paduan berkekuatan tinggi dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superalloy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superalloy (halaman belum tersedia)">superalloy</a>. Sebagian besar senyawa molibdenum memiliki <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">kelarutan</a> rendah dalam air, tetapi ketika mineral molibdenum terkena <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> dan air, ion <a href="/wiki/Molibdat" title="Molibdat">molibdat</a> MoO yang dihasilkan cukup larut. Dalam skala industri, <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">senyawa</a> molibdenum (sekitar 14% dari produksi dunia) digunakan dalam aplikasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">tekanan tinggi</a> dan suhu tinggi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pigmen" title="Pigmen">pigmen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalis</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Enzim_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Enzim molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">Enzim pengikat molibdenum</a> sejauh ini merupakan katalis bakteri yang paling umum untuk memutus <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia">ikatan kimia</a> dalam molekul <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> atmosfer dalam proses <a href="/wiki/Fiksasi_nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiksasi nitrogen">fiksasi nitrogen</a>. Setidaknya 50 enzim molibdenum sekarang dikenal pada bakteri dan hewan, walaupun hanya enzim bakteri dan sianobakteria yang terlibat dalam fiksasi nitrogen. <a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">Nitrogenase</a> ini mengandung molibdenum dalam bentuk yang berbeda dari enzim molibdenum lainnya, yang semuanya mengandung molibdenum teroksidasi penuh dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kofaktor_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kofaktor molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">kofaktor molibdenum</a>. Berbagai enzim kofaktor molibdenum ini sangat penting bagi organisme, dan molibdenum adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_esensial" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsur esensial">unsur esensial</a> untuk kehidupan di semua organisme <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">eukariota</a> yang lebih tinggi, meskipun tidak pada semua bakteri. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_fisika">Sifat fisika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat fisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat fisika">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Dalam bentuknya yang murni, molibdenum adalah logam abu-abu keperakan dengan <a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">kekerasan Mohs</a> sebesar 5,5. Mo memiliki <a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">titik lebur</a> 2.623 °C (4.753 °F; 2.896 K); dari unsur alami, hanya <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">renium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> yang memiliki titik lebur lebih tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-CRCdescription-5">[5]</a> Oksidasi lemah molibdenum dimulai pada 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K). Ia salah satu yang memiliki koefisien <a href="/wiki/Ekspansi_termal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspansi termal">ekspansi termal</a> terendah di antara logam yang digunakan secara komersial.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kekuatan_tarik" title="Kekuatan tarik">Kekuatan tarik</a> kabel molibdenum meningkat sekitar 3 kali, dari sekitar 10 menjadi 30 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">GPa</a>, ketika diameternya menurun dari ~50-100 <a href="/wiki/Nanometer" title="Nanometer">nm</a> ke 10 nm.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_molibdenum" title="Isotop molibdenum">Isotop molibdenum</a></div> Terdapat 35 <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> molibdenum yang diketahui, dengan kisaran <a href="/wiki/Massa_atom" title="Massa atom">massa atom</a> antara 83 sampai 117, dan juga empat <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">isomer nuklir</a> metastabil. Tujuh isotop terjadi secara alami, dengan massa atom 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, dan 100. Dari isotop alami ini, hanya molibdenum-100 yang tidak stabil.<a href="#cite_note-Audi-8">[8]</a> Molibdenum-98 adalah isotop paling <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelimpahan_isotop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelimpahan isotop (halaman belum tersedia)">melimpah</a>, yang menyusun 24,14% dari semua molibdenum. Molibdenum-100 memiliki <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> sekitar 1019 <a href="/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun">tahun</a> dan mengalami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peluruhan_beta_ganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peluruhan beta ganda (halaman belum tersedia)">peluruhan beta ganda</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">rutenium</a>-100. Isotop molibdenum dengan nomor massa 111 sampai 117 semuanya memiliki waktu paruh sekitar 150 ns.<a href="#cite_note-Audi-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-CRCisotopes-9">[9]</a> Semua isotop molibdenum yang tidak stabil meluruh menjadi isotop <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">teknesium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">rutenium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRCisotopes-9">[9]</a> Seperti yang juga dicatat di bawah, aplikasi molibdenum isotopik yang paling umum melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Molibdenum-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Molibdenum-99">molibdenum-99</a>, yang merupakan produk fisi. Ini adalah radioisotop induk untuk radioisotop anak yang memancarkan gamma dan berumur pendek <a href="/wiki/Teknesium-99m" title="Teknesium-99m">teknesium-99m</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">isomer nuklir</a> yang digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi pencitraan dalam bidang kedokteran.<a href="#cite_note-armstrong-10">[10]</a> Pada tahun 2008, Delft University of Technology mengajukan permohonan paten untuk produksi molibdenum-99 berbasis molibdenum-98.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_dan_kimia">Senyawa dan kimia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa dan kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa dan kimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="rellink">Lihat pula Kategori: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_molibdenum" title="Kategori:Senyawa molibdenum">Senyawa molibdenum</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right: 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tingkat oksidasi </th> <th>Contoh<a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-12">[12]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>−2</td> <td>Na2[Mo2(CO)10] </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_heksakarbonil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum heksakarbonil (halaman belum tersedia)">Mo(CO)6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+1</td> <td>Na[C6H6Mo] </td></tr> <tr> <td>+2</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(II)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(II) klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoCl2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+3</td> <td>Na3[Mo(CN)]6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>+4</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_disulfidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum disulfidd (halaman belum tersedia)">MoS2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+5</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(V)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(V) klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoCl5</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+6</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(VI)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(VI) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoF6</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Phosphotungstate-3D-polyhedra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Phosphotungstate-3D-polyhedra.png/170px-Phosphotungstate-3D-polyhedra.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Phosphotungstate-3D-polyhedra.png/255px-Phosphotungstate-3D-polyhedra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Phosphotungstate-3D-polyhedra.png/340px-Phosphotungstate-3D-polyhedra.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Struktur_Keggin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struktur Keggin (halaman belum tersedia)">Struktur Keggin</a> anion fosfomolibdat (P[Mo12O40]3−), contoh dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polioksometalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polioksometalat (halaman belum tersedia)">polioksometalat</a></figcaption></figure> Molibdenum adalah <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">elektronegativitas</a> 2,16 pada skala Pauling dan bobot atom standar 95,95 g/mol.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Ia tidak tampak bereaksi dengan oksigen atau air pada suhu kamar, dan oksidasi ruah terjadi pada suhu di atas 600 °C, menghasilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_trioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum trioksida (halaman belum tersedia)">molibdenum trioksida</a>: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mo + 3O2 -> 2MoO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Mo</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>MoO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mo + 3O2 -> 2MoO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a2c5ef3df23e3dc033c32c61bd5b4b018dc2e66" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:24.897ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mo + 3O2 -> 2MoO3}}}"></dd></dl> Trioksidanya volatil dan menyublim pada suhu tinggi. Ini mencegah pembentukan lapisan oksida pelindung (<a href="/wiki/Pasivasi_(kimia)" title="Pasivasi (kimia)">pemasif</a>) yang terus menerus, yang akan menghentikan oksidasi logam ruah.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Molibdenum memiliki beberapa <a href="/wiki/Tingkat_oksidasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingkat oksidasi">tingkat oksidasi</a>, yang paling stabil adalah +4 dan +6 (dicetak tebal pada tabel di sebelah kiri). Kimia dan senyawa menunjukkan kemiripan yang lebih mirip wolfram dibanding kromium; ketidakstabilan senyawa molibdenum(III) dan wolfram(III), misalnya, kontras dengan kestabilan senyawa kromium(III). Keadaan oksidasi tertinggi terlihat pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(VI)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(VI) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">molibdenum(VI) oksida</a> (MoO3), sedangkan senyawa sulfur normal adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_disulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum disulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">molibdenum disulfida</a> MoS2.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a> Molibdenum(VI) oksida larut dalam <a href="/wiki/Basa_(kimia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa (kimia)">basa</a> kuat, membentuk molibdat (MoO2−4). Molibdat adalah oksidator yang lebih lemah daripada <a href="/wiki/Kromat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kromat">kromat</a>, tetapi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang sama untuk membentuk kompleks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksionion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksionion (halaman belum tersedia)">oksionion</a> dengan kondensasi pada nilai <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> yang lebih rendah, seperti [Mo' Too many ('"; dan [Mo' Too many ('";. Polimolibdat dapat bergabung dengan ion lain, membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polioksometalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polioksometalat (halaman belum tersedia)">polioksometalat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Heteropolimolibdat yang mengandung <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> berwarna biru tua P[Mo' Too many ('"; digunakan untuk deteksi fosfor secara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_ultraviolet-sinar_tampak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi ultraviolet-sinar tampak (halaman belum tersedia)">spektroskopi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Rentang <a href="/wiki/Tingkat_oksidasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingkat oksidasi">tingkat oksidasi</a> molibdenum yang lebar tercermin dari ragam molibdenum klorida:<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(II)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(II) klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">Molibdenum(II) klorida</a> MoCl2 (padatan kuning)</li> <li>Molibdenum(III) klorida MoCl3 (padatan merah tua)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_tetraklorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum tetraklorida (halaman belum tersedia)">Molibdenum(IV) klorida</a> MoCl4 (padatan hitam)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(V)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(V) klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">Molibdenum(V) klorida</a> MoCl5 (padatan hijau tua)</li> <li>Molibdenum(VI) klorida MoCl6 (padatan coklat)</li></ul> Struktur MoCl2 adalah cluster Mo dan empat anion klorida yang mengkompensasi muatan.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a> Seperti <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a> dan beberapa logam transisi lainnya, molibdenum membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikatan_rangkap_empat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikatan rangkap empat (halaman belum tersedia)">ikatan rangkap empat</a>, seperti pada Mo. Senyawa ini dapat diubah menjadi Mo, yang juga memiliki ikatan rangkap empat.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a> Tingkat oksidasi 0 dimungkinkan dengan ligan karbon monoksida, seperti pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_heksakarbonil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum heksakarbonil (halaman belum tersedia)">molibdenum heksakarbonil</a>, Mo(CO)6.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Molibdenit" title="Molibdenit">Molibdenit</a>—bijih utama asal molibdenum sekarang diekstraksi—sebelumnya dikenal sebagai molibdena. Molibdena dirancukan dan sering digunakan seolah-olah itu adalah <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>. Seperti grafit, molibdenit bisa digunakan untuk menghitamkan permukaan atau sebagai pelumas padat.<a href="#cite_note-Lansdown1999-19">[19]</a> Bahkan saat molibdena dapat dibedakan dari grafit, masih dibingungkan dengan bijih <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a> PbS (sekarang disebut <a href="/wiki/Galena" title="Galena">galena</a>); nama itu berasal dari bahasa <a href="/wiki/Yunani_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunani kuno">Yunani kuno</a> Μόλυβδος molybdos, yang berarti timbal.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a> (Kata Yunani itu sendiri telah diusulkan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan" title="Kata serapan">kata serapan</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Anatolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Anatolia (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Anatolia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Luvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Luvia (halaman belum tersedia)">Luvia</a>, dan bahasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Lydia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Lydia (halaman belum tersedia)">Lydia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-melchert-20">[20]</a> Meskipun molibdenum (dilaporkan) sengaja dipadu dengan baja dalam satu pedang Jepang abad ke-14 (tahun pembuatan 1330), seni itu tidak pernah digunakan secara luas dan kemudian punah.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Di Barat pada tahun 1754, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengt_Andersson_Qvist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengt Andersson Qvist (halaman belum tersedia)">Bengt Andersson Qvist</a> memeriksa sampel molibdenit dan menentukan bahwa itu tidak mengandung timbal dan karenanya bukan galena.<a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-23">[23]</a> Pada tahun 1778 kimiawan <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a>, menyatakan dengan tegas bahwa molibdena (memang) bukan galena maupum grafit.<a href="#cite_note-elemental-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Sebagai gantinya, Scheele dengan tepat mengusulkan bahwa molibdena adalah bijih dari unsur baru yang berbeda, diberi nama molibdenum untuk mineral yang ada di dalamnya, dan dari situ bisa diisolasi. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jacob_Hjelm" title="Peter Jacob Hjelm">Peter Jacob Hjelm</a> berhasil mengisolasi molibdenum dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Minyak_biji_rami" title="Minyak biji rami">minyak biji rami</a> pada tahun 1781.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Pada abad berikutnya, molibdenum tidak mempunyai manfaat industrial. Ia relatif langka, logam murni sulit untuk diekstraksi, dan teknik metalurgi yang diperlukan belum matang.<a href="#cite_note-Hoyt1921-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Krupp1888-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gupta1992-29">[29]</a> Paduan baja molibdenum awal menunjukkan harapan besar untuk meningkatkan kekerasan, namun upaya pembuatan paduan dalam skala besar terhambat dengan hasil yang tidak konsisten, kecenderungan terhadap kerapuhan, dan rekristalisasi. Pada tahun 1906, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Coolidge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William D. Coolidge (halaman belum tersedia)">William D. Coolidge</a> mengajukan paten untuk menyediakan molibdenum <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">ulet</a>, yang mengarah pada aplikasi sebagai elemen pemanas untuk tungku suhu tinggi dan sebagai pendukung bola lampu filamen wolfram; pembentukan oksida dan degradasi mensyaratkan agar molibdenum disimpan rapat secara fisik atau disimpan dalam gas inert.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Pada tahun 1913, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_E._Elmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank E. Elmore (halaman belum tersedia)">Frank E. Elmore</a> mengembangkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_flotasi_buih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses flotasi buih (halaman belum tersedia)">proses flotasi buih</a> untuk memulihkan <a href="/wiki/Molibdenit" title="Molibdenit">molibdenit</a> dari bijih; flotasi tetap merupakan proses isolasi utama.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>, permintaan molibdenum meningkat tajam; ia digunakan baik dalam <a href="/wiki/Kendaraan_lapis_baja" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendaraan lapis baja">lapis baja</a> dan sebagai pengganti wolfram pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_kecepatan_tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baja kecepatan tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">baja kecepatan tinggi</a>. Beberapa tank Inggris dilindungi oleh lapisan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaloy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangaloy (halaman belum tersedia)">baja mangan</a> setebal 75 mm (3,0 in), namun ini terbukti tidak efektif. Pelat baja mangan diganti dengan pelat baja molibdenum setebal 25 mm ([<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Convert_messages#unknown_unit" title="Bantuan:Convert messages">convert: unit tak dikenal</a>]) yang jauh lebih ringan yang memungkinkan kecepatan lebih tinggi, manuver yang lebih lincah, dan perlindungan yang lebih baik.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a> Jerman juga menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a> berdoping molibdenum untuk artileri berat, seperti dalam howitzer super berat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bertha_(howitzer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Bertha (howitzer) (halaman belum tersedia)">Big Bertha</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> karena baja tradisional meleleh pada suhu yang dihasilkan oleh propelan <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">satu ton</a> selongsong.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Setelah perang, permintaan menurun drastis sampai kemajuan metalurgi memungkinkan pengembangan ekstensif untuk aplikasi di masa damai. Pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, molibdenum kembali melihat kepentingan strategis sebagai pengganti wolfram dalam paduan baja.<a href="#cite_note-Millholland1941-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterjadian_dan_produksi">Keterjadian dan produksi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Keterjadian dan produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterjadian dan produksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Molly_Hill_molybdenite.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lustrous, silvery, flat, hexagonal crystals in roughly parallel layers sit flowerlike on a rough, translucent crystalline piece of quartz." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Molly_Hill_molybdenite.JPG/220px-Molly_Hill_molybdenite.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Molly_Hill_molybdenite.JPG/330px-Molly_Hill_molybdenite.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Molly_Hill_molybdenite.JPG/440px-Molly_Hill_molybdenite.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1387" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Molibdenit" title="Molibdenit">Molibdenit</a> pada quartz</figcaption></figure> Molibdenum adalah <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_unsur_dalam_kerak_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan unsur dalam kerak bumi">unsur paling melimpah ke-54 dalam kerak bumi</a> dan unsur paling melimpah ke-25 di samudera, dengan rata-rata 10 bagian per miliar; ini adalah unsur paling melimpah ke-42 di alam semesta.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a> Misi Rusia <a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a> menemukan butir bantalan molibdenum (1 × 0,6 μm) dalam fragmen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piroksena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piroksena (halaman belum tersedia)">piroksena</a> yang diambil dari <a href="/wiki/Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a> di permukaan <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">bulan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Kelangkaan molibdenum di kerak bumi diimbangi oleh konsentrasinya dalam sejumlah bijih yang tidak larut dalam air yang sering ditemukan. Ia sering tergabung dengan belerang dengan cara yang sama seperti tembaga. Meskipun molibdenum ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wulfenit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wulfenit (halaman belum tersedia)">wulfenit</a> (PbMoO4) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Powellit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powellit (halaman belum tersedia)">powellit</a> (CaMoO4), sumber komersial utamanya adalah <a href="/wiki/Molibdenit" title="Molibdenit">molibdenit</a> (Mo<a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a>2). Molibdenum ditambang sebagai bijih utama dan juga dipulihkan sebagai produk sampingan dari pertambangan tembaga dan wolfram.<a href="#cite_note-CRCdescription-5">[5]</a> Produksi molibdenum dunia adalah 250.000 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">t</a> pada tahun 2011, produsen terbesar adalah <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">China</a> (94.000 t), <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> (64.000 t), <a href="/wiki/Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile">Chile</a> (38.000 t), <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> (18.000 t) dan <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a> (12.000 t). Total cadangan diperkirakan mencapai 10 juta ton, dan sebagian besar terkonsentrasi di China (4,3 Mt), AS (2,7 Mt) dan Chile (1,2 Mt). Berdasarkan benua, 93% produksi molibdenum dunia terbagi secara merata antara Amerika Utara, Amerika Selatan (terutama di Cile), dan China. Eropa dan seluruh Asia (kebanyakan Armenia, Rusia, Iran dan Mongolia) menghasilkan sisanya.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Molybdenum_world_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Molybdenum_world_production.svg/220px-Molybdenum_world_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Molybdenum_world_production.svg/330px-Molybdenum_world_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Molybdenum_world_production.svg/440px-Molybdenum_world_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tren produksi dunia</figcaption></figure> Dalam pengolahan molibdenit, bijih tersebut pertama kali dipanggang di udara pada suhu 700 °C (1.292 °F). Prosesnya menghasilkan gas belerang dioksida dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(VI)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(VI) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">molibdenum(VI) oksida</a>:<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2MoS2 + 7O2 -> 2MoO3 + 4SO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>MoS</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>MoO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2MoS2 + 7O2 -> 2MoO3 + 4SO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/feba993095b4e24dcf9d494215d3295970bab5e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:35.788ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2MoS2 + 7O2 -> 2MoO3 + 4SO2}}}"></dd></dl> Bijih yang teroksidasi biasanya diekstraksi dengan larutan amonia dalam air untuk menghasilkan amonium molibdat: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {MoO3 + 2NH3 + H2O -> (NH4)2(MoO4)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>MoO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>MoO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {MoO3 + 2NH3 + H2O -> (NH4)2(MoO4)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ccfa4efe86974f11af77b7b98850bcc928788329" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:42.997ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {MoO3 + 2NH3 + H2O -> (NH4)2(MoO4)}}}"></dd></dl> Tembaga, ketakmurnian dalam molibdenit, kurang larut dalam amonia. Untuk menghilangkannya dari larutan, tembaga diendapkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a> Amonium molibdat diubah menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonium_dimolibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonium dimolibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">amonium dimolibdat</a>, yang diisolasi sebagai padatan. Memanaskan padatan ini menghasilkan molibdenum trioksida:<a href="#cite_note-ullmann-38">[38]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {(NH4)2Mo2O7 -> 2MoO3 + 2NH3 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>Mo</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>MoO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {(NH4)2Mo2O7 -> 2MoO3 + 2NH3 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/24cb267bd5958f4125cb16522c7b46725e1dfd80" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:43.792ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {(NH4)2Mo2O7 -> 2MoO3 + 2NH3 + H2O}}}"></dd></dl> Trioksida mentah dapat dimurnikan lebih lanjut dengan sublimasi pada 1.100 °C (2.010 °F). Logam molibdenum dihasilkan melalui reduksi oksida dengan hidrogen: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {MoO3 + 3H2 -> Mo + 3H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>MoO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Mo</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {MoO3 + 3H2 -> Mo + 3H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13397a2af8494ab63b1dbcfa510505d6956a419f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:30.728ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {MoO3 + 3H2 -> Mo + 3H2O}}}"></dd></dl> Molibdenum untuk produksi baja direduksi melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaksi_aluminotermal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaksi aluminotermal (halaman belum tersedia)">reaksi aluminotermal</a> dengan penambahan besi untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Feromolibdenum" title="Feromolibdenum">feromolibdenum</a>. Bentuk umum feromolibdenum mengandung molibdenum 60%.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Molibdenum memiliki nilai sekitar $30.000 per <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a> per Agustus 2009. Harga ini bertahan pada atau mendekati $10.000 per ton dari tahun 1997 sampai 2003, dan mencapai puncaknya $103.000 per ton pada bulan Juni 2005.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Pada tahun 2008 <a href="/wiki/London_Metal_Exchange" title="London Metal Exchange">London Metal Exchange</a> mengumumkan bahwa molibdenum akan diperdagangkan sebagai komoditas di bursa.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejarah_pertambangan_molibdenum">Sejarah pertambangan molibdenum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah pertambangan molibdenum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah pertambangan molibdenum">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Secara historis, tambang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knaben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knaben (halaman belum tersedia)">Knaben</a> di selatan <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a>, dibuka pada tahun 1885, merupakan tambang pertama yang didedikasikan untuk molibdenum. Tambang itu ditutup dari tahun 1973 sampai 2007, namun dibuka kembali tahun itu<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> dan sekarang menghasilkan 100.000 kilogram (98,42 ton panjang; 110,23 ton pendek) molibdenum disulfida per tahun. Tambang besar di <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> (seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_molibdenum_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang molibdenum Henderson (halaman belum tersedia)">tambang Henderson</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_Climax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang Climax (halaman belum tersedia)">tambang Climax</a>)<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> dan di <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> menghasilkan molibdenit sebagai produk utama mereka, sementara banyak deposit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembaga_porfiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembaga porfiri (halaman belum tersedia)">tembaga porfiri</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_Canyon_Bingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang Canyon Bingham (halaman belum tersedia)">Tambang Canyon Bingham</a> di <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> dan tambang <a href="/wiki/Chuquicamata" title="Chuquicamata">Chuquicamata</a> di utara <a href="/wiki/Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile">Chile</a> menghasilkan molibdenum sebagai produk sampingan dari pertambangan tembaga. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logam_paduan">Logam paduan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Logam paduan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Logam paduan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Plate_of_Molybdenum_Copper_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Plate_of_Molybdenum_Copper_.jpg/220px-Plate_of_Molybdenum_Copper_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Plate_of_Molybdenum_Copper_.jpg/330px-Plate_of_Molybdenum_Copper_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Plate_of_Molybdenum_Copper_.jpg/440px-Plate_of_Molybdenum_Copper_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah piring yang terbuat dari paduan molibdenum tembaga</figcaption></figure> Sekitar 86% molibdenum yang dihasilkan digunakan dalam bidang metalurgi, dan sisanya digunakan dalam aplikasi kimia. Perkiraan penggunaan global adalah baja struktural 35%, baja nirkarat 25%, bahan kimia 14%, alat & baja berkecepatan tinggi 9%, <a href="/wiki/Besi_cor" class="mw-redirect" title="Besi cor">besi cor</a> 6%, logam unsur molibdenum 6%, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superalloy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superalloy (halaman belum tersedia)">superalloy</a> 5%.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Molibdenum dapat menahan suhu ekstrim tanpa memuai atau melunak secara signifikan, membuatnya berguna di lingkungan yang panas, termasuk lapis baja militer, bagian pesawat terbang, stop kontak listrik, motor industri, dan filamen.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-azom-45">[45]</a> Sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> baja berkecepatan tinggi (misalnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_41xx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baja 41xx (halaman belum tersedia)">baja 41xx</a> mengandung 0,25% sampai 8% molibdenum.<a href="#cite_note-CRCdescription-5">[5]</a> Bahkan dalam porsi kecil ini, lebih dari 43.000 ton molibdenum digunakan setiap tahun dalam <a href="/wiki/Baja_nirkarat" title="Baja nirkarat">baja nirkarat</a>, perkakas <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besi_cor" class="mw-redirect" title="Besi cor">besi cor</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superalloy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superalloy (halaman belum tersedia)">superalloy</a> suhu tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a> Molibdenum juga dinilai sebagai baja <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> untuk ketahanan <a href="/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi">korosi</a> yang tinggi dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weldabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weldabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)">weldabilitas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-37">[37]</a> Molibdenum menyumbang ketahanan terhadap korosi pada <a href="/wiki/Baja_nirkarat" title="Baja nirkarat">baja nirkarat</a> tipe-300 (khususnya tipe-316) dan terutama pada baja tahan karat super <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenitik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austenitik (halaman belum tersedia)">austenitik</a> (seperti paduan <a href="/w/index.php?title=AL-6XN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AL-6XN (halaman belum tersedia)">AL-6XN</a>, 254SMO atau 1925hMo). Molibdenum meningkatkan ketegangan kisi, sehingga meningkatkan energi yang dibutuhkan untuk melarutkan atom besi dari permukaan. Molibdenum juga digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan korosi pada baja tahan karat feritik (misalnya kelas 444) dan baja tahan karat martensitik (misalnya 1.4122 dan 1.4418). Molibdenum kadang digunakan sebagai pengganti <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a> karena kerapatannya yang lebih rendah dan harga yang lebih stabil.<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a> Contohnya adalah baja berkecepatan tinggi seri 'M' seperti M2, M4 dan M42 sebagai substitusi untuk seri baja 'T', yang mengandung wolfram. Molibdenum dapat juga digunakan sebagai penyalut tahan api untuk logam lain. Meskipun titik lelehnya adalah 2.623 °C (4.753 °F), molibdenum cepat teroksidasi pada suhu di atas 760 °C (1.400 °F) membuatnya cocok untuk penggunaan dalam lingkungan vakum.<a href="#cite_note-azom-45">[45]</a> TZM (Mo (~99%), Ti (~0.5%), Zr (~0.08%) dan sedikit C) adalah superalloy molibdenum tahan korosi yang tahan lelehan garam fluorida pada suhu di atas 1.300 °C (2.370 °F). Ia memiliki kekuatan sekitar dua kali kekuatan Mo murni, dan lebih ulet serta lebih mudah dilas. Selain itu, ia diuji menahan korosi garam eutaktik standar (<a href="/w/index.php?title=FLiBe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FLiBe (halaman belum tersedia)">FLiBe</a>) dan uap garam yang digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaktor_leburan_garam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaktor leburan garam (halaman belum tersedia)">reaktor leburan garam</a> selama 1100 jam dengan sangat sedikit korosi yang susah diukur.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Logam paduan berbasis molibdenum lainnya yang tidak mengandung besi hanya memiliki aplikasi terbatas. Misalnya, baik molibdenum murni maupuan paduan molibdenum/wolfram (70%/30%) digunakan untuk pipa dan pompa pendesak yang kontak langsung dengan leburan zink, karena ketahanannya terhadap lelehan seng.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplikasi_lainnya_sebagai_unsur_murni">Aplikasi lainnya sebagai unsur murni</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi lainnya sebagai unsur murni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi lainnya sebagai unsur murni">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li>Serbuk molibdenum digunakan sebagai pupuk untuk beberapa tanaman, seperti kembang kol.<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a></li> <li>Unsur molibdenum digunakan dalam analisis NO, NO 2, NOx pada pembangkit listrik untuk pengendalian pencemaran. Pada 350 °C (662 °F), unsur bertindak sebagai katalisator untuk NO2/NOx membentuk molekul NO untuk dideteksi oleh cahaya inframerah<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li>Anode molibdenum menggantikan wolfram dalam sumber sinar-X tegangan rendah untuk penggunaan khusus, seperti misalnya <a href="/wiki/Mamografi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamografi">mamografi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>Isotop radioaktif <a href="/wiki/Molibdenum-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Molibdenum-99">molibdenum-99</a> digunakan untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Teknesium-99m" title="Teknesium-99m">teknesium-99m</a>, yang digunakan untuk pencitraan medis.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senyawa_(14%_penggunaan_global)">Senyawa (14% penggunaan global)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa (14% penggunaan global)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa (14% penggunaan global)">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_disulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum disulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Molibdenum disulfida</a> (MoS2) digunakan sebagai pelumas padat dan zat antiaus suhu tinggi-tekanan tinggi (high-pressure high-temperature, HPHT). Ia membentuk film yang kuat pada permukaan logam dan merupakan zat aditif umum untuk proses HPHT — jika terjadi kegagalan gemuk katastrofik, lapisan tipis molibdenum mencegah kontak bagian yang dilumasi.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Ia juga memiliki sifat semikonduktor dengan keunggulan berbeda dibandingkan silikon tradisional atau <a href="/wiki/Grafena" title="Grafena">grafena</a> dalam aplikasi elektronik.<a href="#cite_note-physorg-53">[53]</a> MoS2 juga digunakan sebagai katalis dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghidropecahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penghidropecahan (halaman belum tersedia)">penghidropecahan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: hydrocracking) fraksi minyak bumi yang mengandung nitrogen, belerang dan oksigen.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_disilisida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum disilisida (halaman belum tersedia)">Molibdenum disilisida</a> (MoSi2) adalah <a href="/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik">keramik</a> penghantar lisrik dengan kegunaan utama dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elemen_pemanas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elemen pemanas (halaman belum tersedia)">elemen pemanas</a> yang beroperasi pada suhu di atas 1500 °C di udara.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_trioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum trioksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Molibdenum trioksida</a> (MoO3) digunakan sebagai perekat antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enamel_vitreous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enamel vitreous (halaman belum tersedia)">enamel</a> dan logam.<a href="#cite_note-elemental-24">[24]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timbal_molibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timbal molibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">Timbal molibdat</a> (wulfenit) yang mengendap dengan timbal kromat dan timbal sulfat adalah pigmen jingga cerah yang digunakan pada keramik dan plastik.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li>Oksida campuran berbasis molibdenum adalah katalis serbaguna dalam industri kimia. Beberapa contoh adalah katalis untuk oksidasi selektif propilena menjadi akrolein dan asam akrilat, amoksidasi propilena menjadi akrilonitril.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Katalis dan proses yang sesuai untuk oksidasi selektif langsung propana menjadi asam akrilat sedang dalam penelitian.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonium_heptamolibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonium heptamolibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">Amonium heptamolibdat</a> digunakan dalam pewarnaan biologis.</li> <li>Gelas soda kapur bersalut molibdenum digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Sel_surya" title="Sel surya">sel surya</a> CIGS.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_fosfomolibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam fosfomolibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">Asam fosfomolibdat</a> adalah pewarna noda yang digunakan dalam kromatografi lapisan tipis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Molibdenum-99">Molibdenum-99</a> adalah radioisotop induk dari <a href="/wiki/Teknesium-99m" title="Teknesium-99m">teknesium-99m</a>, yang digunakan dalam banyak prosedur medis. Isotop tersebut ditangani dan disimpan sebagai molibdat.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peran_biologis">Peran biologis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Peran biologis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran biologis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nitrogenase">Nitrogenase</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Nitrogenase" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Nitrogenase">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Peran paling penting molibdenum dalam organisme hidup adalah sebagai logam <a href="/wiki/Heteroatom" title="Heteroatom">heteroatom</a> di tempat aktif dalam enzim tertentu.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Fiksasi_nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiksasi nitrogen">fiksasi nitrogen</a> bakterial, enzim <a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">nitrogenase</a> yang terlibat dalam tahap terminal untuk mengurangi nitrogen molekuler biasanya mengandung molibdenum di tempat yang aktif (meskipun penggantian molibdenum dengan besi atau vanadium juga diketahui). Struktur pusat katalitik enzim serupa seperti yang terdapat dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_besi-belerang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein besi-belerang (halaman belum tersedia)">protein besi-belerang</a>: ia menggabungkan Fe dan beberapa cluster MoFe.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Reaksi yang dilakukan enzim nitrogenase adalah: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2 + 8H+ + 8e^- + 16ATP + 16H2O -> 2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16P_i}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>ATP</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>ADP</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>P</mtext> <mtext>i</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {N2 + 8H+ + 8e^- + 16ATP + 16H2O -> 2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16P_i}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7c34e071c852c2e7573f5a391f31e68eda275666" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:73.348ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2 + 8H+ + 8e^- + 16ATP + 16H2O -> 2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16P_i}}}"></dd></dl> Dengan proton dan elektron dari rantai transportasi elektron, nitrogen direduksi menjadi amonia dan gas hidrogen bebas. Proses ini menggunakan energi, memerlukan pemecahan (hidrolisis) ATP menjadi ADP ditambah fosfat bebas (Pi). Pada tahun 2008, dilaporkan bukti-bukti bahwa kelangkaan molibdenum di awal lautan di bumi merupakan faktor pembatas selama hampir dua miliar tahun dalam evolusi lebih lanjut dari <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">kehidupan eukariotik</a> (yang mencakup semua tumbuhan dan hewan). Rantai penyebabnya adalah sebagai berikut:<a href="#cite_note-mars-67">[67]</a> <ol><li>Kurangnya oksigen di awal terbentuknya lautan menyebabkan kelangkaan molibdenum terlarut. Sebagian besar senyawa molibdenum memiliki <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">kelarutan</a> yang rendah dalam air, namun ion molibdat MoO dapat larut dan terbentuk saat mineral yang mengandung molibdenum terkena <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> dan air.</li> <li>Kurangnya molibdenum terlarut membatasi pertumbuhan bakteri fiksasi nitrogen prokariotik, yang memerlukan enzim pengikat molibdenum untuk proses tersebut.</li> <li>Kurangnya bakteri fiksasi nitrogen prokariotik membatasi pertumbuhan eukariota laut, yang memerlukan nitrogen teroksidasi yang sesuai untuk produksi senyawa nitrogen organik atau organik itu sendiri (seperti protein) dari bakteri prokariotik.<a href="#cite_note-Scottetal-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li></ol> Namun, sekali oksigen terbentuk di air loaut oleh eukariota yang terbatas tersebut, ia bereaksi dengan ir dan molibdenum dalam mineral di dasar laut menghasilkan molibdat yang dapat larut, membuatnya tersedia untuk bakteri fiksasi nitrogen. Bakteri-bakteri tersebut menyediakan senyawa Nitrogen produk fiksasi yang dapat digunakan oleh kehidupan yang lebih tinggi. Meskipun oksigen di satu sisi mempromosikan fiksasi nitrogen dengan membuat molibdenum yang tersedia dalam air, ia juga secara langsung meracuni enzim <a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">nitrogenase</a>. Jadi, dalam sejarah purba Bumi, setelah oksigen tiba dalam jumlah besar di udara dan air di Bumi, organisme yang terus memperbaiki nitrogen dalam kondisi aerobik terisolasi dan melindungi enzim penguat nitrogen mereka dari terlalu banyak oksigen dalam struktur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterosista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterosista (halaman belum tersedia)">heterosista</a> atau yang setara. Isolasi struktural reaksi fiksasi nitrogen pada organisme aerobik terus berlanjut hingga saat ini. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Molybdenum_cofactor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur rangka molibdopterin dengan atom molibdenum tunggal terikat pada kedua gugus tiolat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Molybdenum_cofactor.svg/220px-Molybdenum_cofactor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Molybdenum_cofactor.svg/330px-Molybdenum_cofactor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Molybdenum_cofactor.svg/440px-Molybdenum_cofactor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kofaktor_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kofaktor molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">Kofaktor molibdenum</a> (foto) terdiri dari kompleks organik bebas molibdenum yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdopterin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdopterin (halaman belum tersedia)">molibdopterin</a>, yang telah mengikat atom molibdenum(VI) yang teroksidasi melalui atom belerang (atau kadang-kadang selenium) yang berdekatan. Kecuali untuk nitrogenase kuno, semua enzim yang dikenal menggunakan Mo, menggunakan kofaktor ini.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enzim_kofaktor_molibdenum">Enzim kofaktor molibdenum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Enzim kofaktor molibdenum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Enzim kofaktor molibdenum">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Meskipun molibdenum membentuk senyawa dengan berbagai <a href="/wiki/Molekul_organik" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekul organik">molekul organik</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">karbohidrat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_amino" title="Asam amino">asam amino</a>, ia ditransportasikan ke seluruyh tubuh manusia sebagai MoO.<a href="#cite_note-IMOAoverview-71">[71]</a> Sekurang-kurangnya 50 enzim yang mengandung molibdenum diketahui pada tahun 2002, sebagian besar dalam bakteria, dan jumlahnya terus meningkat setiap tahun;<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> enzim tersebut termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldehida_oksidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldehida oksidase (halaman belum tersedia)">aldehida oksidase</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfit_oksidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfit oksidase (halaman belum tersedia)">sulfit oksidase</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xantin_oksidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xantin oksidase (halaman belum tersedia)">xantin oksidase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a> Pada beberapa hewan, dan pada manusia, oksidasi <a href="/wiki/Xantin" title="Xantin">xantin</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Asam_urat" title="Asam urat">asam urat</a>, suatu proses <a href="/wiki/Katabolisme" title="Katabolisme">katabolisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Purin" class="mw-redirect" title="Purin">purin</a>, dikatalisis oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xantin_oksidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xantin oksidase (halaman belum tersedia)">xantin oksidase</a>, suatu enzim yang mengandung molibdenum. Aktivitas xantin oksidase berbanding langsung dengan jumlah molibdenum dalam tubuh. Namun, konsentrasi molibdenum yang sangat tinggi dapat membalikkan tren dan dapat bertindak sebagai inhibitor baik untuk katabolisme purin maupun proses-proses lainnya. Konsentrasi molibdenum juga berpengaruh pada <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_protein" title="Sintesis protein">sintesis protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a>, dan pertumbuhan.<a href="#cite_note-IMOAoverview-71">[71]</a> Pada hewan dan tumbuhan, senyawa trisiklik yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdopterin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdopterin (halaman belum tersedia)">molibdopterin</a> (yang, terlepas dari namanya, tidak mengandung molibdenum) bereaksi dengan molibdat membentuk kofaktor lengkap yang mengandung molibdenum yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kofaktor_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kofaktor molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">kofaktor molibdenum</a>. Selain nitrogenase kuno secara <a href="/wiki/Filogenetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Filogenetika">filogenetika</a> (seperti yang didiskusikan di atas) bahwa fiksasi nitrogen terjadi di dalam beberapa bakteri dan <a href="/wiki/Sianobakteri" title="Sianobakteri">sianobakteri</a>, seluruh enzim yang menggunakan molibdenum (sejauh yang sudah diidentifikasi) menggunakan kofaktor molibdenum, di mana molibdenum berada pada tingkat oksidasi VI, sama seperti molibdat.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Enzim molibdenum pada tumbuhan dan hewan mengkatalisis oksidasi dan kadang-kadang reduksi beberapa molekul kecil dalam proses yang mengatur <a href="/wiki/Siklus_nitrogen" title="Siklus nitrogen">siklus nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siklus_belerang" title="Siklus belerang">belerang</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Siklus_karbon" title="Siklus karbon">karbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asupan_makanan_dan_defisiensi">Asupan makanan dan defisiensi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Asupan makanan dan defisiensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asupan makanan dan defisiensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Molibdenum adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_makanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsur makanan">unsur makanan</a> renik yang diperlukan untuk kelangsungan hidup manusia dan beberapa mamalia yang telah dipelajari.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Diketahui empat enzim Mo-dependen mamalia, semuanya mengandung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kofaktor_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kofaktor molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">kofaktor molibdenum</a> (Moco) berbasis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pterin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pterin (halaman belum tersedia)">pterin</a> di situs aktif mereka: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfit_oksidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfit oksidase (halaman belum tersedia)">sulfit oksidase</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xantin_oksidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xantin oksidase (halaman belum tersedia)">xantin oksidoreduktase</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldehida_oksidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldehida oksidase (halaman belum tersedia)">aldehida oksidase</a>, dan amidoksime reduktase mitokondrial.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Orang yang sangat kekurangan molibdenum memiliki sulfit oksidase buruk fungsi dan rentan terhadap reaksi toksik terhadap sulfit dalam makanan.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Tubuh manusia mengandung sekitar 0,07 mg molibdenum per kilogram berat badan,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> dengan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi terdapat pada liver dan ginjal dan lebih rendah pada tulang belakang.<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a> Molybdenum juga hadir dalam <a href="/wiki/Enamel_gigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Enamel gigi">enamel gigi</a> manusia dan dapat membantu mencegah pembusukannya.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Rata-rata asupan harian molibdenum bervariasi antara 0,12 dan 0,24 mg, tergantung pada kandungan molibdenum makanan.<a href="#cite_note-Coug-82">[82]</a> Daging babi, domba, dan daging sapi masing-masing memiliki sekitar 1,5 bagian per juta molibdenum. Sumber makanan penting lainnya termasuk kacang hijau, telur, biji bunga matahari, tepung terigu, lentil, mentimun dan biji sereal.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-6">[6]</a> Toksisitas akut belum terlihat pada manusia, dan toksisitasnya sangat bergantung pada keadaan kimia. Studi pada tikus menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Median_dosis_letal" title="Median dosis letal">median dosis letal</a> (LD50) serendah 180 mg/kg untuk beberapa senyawa Mo.<a href="#cite_note-ORNL-83">[83]</a> Meskipun data toksisitas manusia tidak tersedia, penelitian pada hewan menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi kronis lebih dari 10 mg/hari molibdenum dapat menyebabkan diare, retardasi pertumbuhan, <a href="/wiki/Infertilitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Infertilitas">infertilitas</a>, berat lahir rendah, dan <a href="/wiki/Encok" class="mw-redirect" title="Encok">encok</a>; ini juga dapat mempengaruhi paru-paru, ginjal, dan liver.<a href="#cite_note-Coug-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_wolframat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium wolframat (halaman belum tersedia)">Natrium wolframat</a> adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inhibitor_kompetitif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inhibitor kompetitif (halaman belum tersedia)">inhibitor kompetitif</a> molibdenum. Wolfram diet mengurangi konsentrasi molibdenum dalam jaringan.<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a> Konsentrasi tanah molibdenum yang rendah dalam kelompok geografis dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">utara Cina</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> menyebabkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defisiensi_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defisiensi molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">defisiensi molibdenum</a>, dan dikaitkan dengan peningkatan <a href="/wiki/Kanker_esofagus" title="Kanker esofagus">kanker esofagus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Dibandingkan dengan Amerika Serikat, yang memiliki pasokan molibdenum lebih besar di dalam tanah, orang-orang yang tinggal di daerah tersebut memiliki risiko sekitar 16 kali lebih besar untuk <a href="/wiki/Karsinoma_sel_skuamosa" title="Karsinoma sel skuamosa">karsinoma sel skuamosa</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanker_esofagus" title="Kanker esofagus">esofagus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Defisiensi molibdenum juga telah dilaporkan sebagai konsekuensi pemberian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nutrisi_parenteral_total&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nutrisi parenteral total (halaman belum tersedia)">nutrisi parenteral total</a> non-molibdenum (pemberian makanan intravena lengkap) dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Ini menghasilkan tingkat <a href="/wiki/Sulfit" title="Sulfit">sulfit</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urat_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urat (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">urat</a> darah yang tinggi, sama seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defisiensi_kofaktor_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defisiensi kofaktor molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">defisiensi kofaktor molibdenum</a>. Namun (mungkin karena penyebab defisiensi molibdenum murni ini terjadi terutama pada orang dewasa), konsekuensi neurologisnya tidak begitu mengemuka seperti pada kasus defisiensi kofaktor bawaan.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyakit_terkait">Penyakit terkait</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Penyakit terkait" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyakit terkait">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Penyakit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defisiensi_kofaktor_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defisiensi kofaktor molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">defisiensi kofaktor molibdenum</a> bawaan, yang terlihat pada bayi, adalah ketidakmampuan untuk mensintesis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kofaktor_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kofaktor molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">kofaktor molibdenum</a>, sebuah molekul heterosiklik yang mengikat molibdenum di tempat aktif di semua enzim manusia yang diketahui menggunakan molibdenum. Defisiensi yang dihasilkan menghasilkan tingkat <a href="/wiki/Sulfit" title="Sulfit">sulfit</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urat_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urat (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">urat</a> yang tinggi, dan kerusakan neurologis.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antagonisme_tembaga-molibdenum">Antagonisme tembaga-molibdenum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Antagonisme tembaga-molibdenum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Antagonisme tembaga-molibdenum">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kandungan molibdenum tinggi dalam tubuh dapat mengganggu asupan <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> yang mengakibatkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defisiensi_tembaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defisiensi tembaga (halaman belum tersedia)">defisiensi tembaga</a>. Molibdenum mencegah protein plasma mengikat tembaga, dan juga meningkatkan jumlah tembaga yang diekskresikan dalam <a href="/wiki/Air_seni" class="mw-redirect" title="Air seni">air seni</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pemamah_biak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemamah biak">Pemamah biak</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruminant" class="extiw" title="en:Ruminant">ruminant</a>) yang mengkonsumsi kadar molibdenum tinggi menderita <a href="/wiki/Diare" title="Diare">diare</a>, pertumbuhan kerdil, <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akromotrikia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akromotrikia (halaman belum tersedia)">akromotrikia</a> (hilangnya pigmen bulu). Gejala ini dapat diatasi dengan suplemen tembaga, baik melalui diet maupun injeksi.<a href="#cite_note-suttle-91">[91]</a> Kekurangan tembaga efektif, dapat diperparah dengan kelebihan <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Defisiensi tembaga dapat pula sengaja diinduksi untuk tujuan pengobatan, dengan menggunakan senyawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonium_tetratiomolibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonium tetratiomolibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">amonium tetratiomolibdat</a>. Anion tetratiomolibdat yang berwarna merah cerah merupakan zat pengkhelat tembaga. Tetratiomolibdat pertama kali digunakan dalam terapi untuk pengobatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toksikosis_tembaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toksikosis tembaga (halaman belum tersedia)">toksikosis tembaga</a> pada hewan. Ia kemudian dikenalkan sebagai perawatan dalam <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Wilson" title="Penyakit Wilson">penyakit Wilson</a>, suatu kelainan herediter terkait metabolisme tembaga pada manusia. Ia bertindak dengan menyaingi absorpsi tembaga dalam usus dan meningkatkan ekskresi. Telah ditemukan pula bahwa tetratiomolibdat memiliki efek inhibisi pada <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>, yang secara potensial menghambat proses translokasi membran yang bergantung pada ion tembaga..<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Ini adalah hal yang menjanjikan dalam penelitian pengobatan <a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Degenerasi_makular_terkait_usia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Degenerasi makular terkait usia (halaman belum tersedia)">degenerasi makular terkait usia</a>, dan penyakit lain yang melibatkan proliferasi patologis pembuluh darah.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pencegahan">Pencegahan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Pencegahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencegahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Debu dan uap molibdenum, dihasilkan dari penambangan atau karya logam, bersifat toksik, terutama jika terhirup (termasuk debu yang terjebak dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinus_pranasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinus pranasal (halaman belum tersedia)">sinus pranasal</a> dan kemudian tertelan).<a href="#cite_note-ORNL-83">[83]</a> Paparan jangka panjang dengan tingkat rendah dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada mata dan kulit. Harus dihindari untuk menelan atau menghirup langsung molibdenum dan oksidanya.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Peraturan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrasi_Keselamatan_dan_Kesehatan_Kerja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (halaman belum tersedia)">OSHA</a> menetapkan paparan molibdenum maksimum yang diizinkan dalam 8-jam per hari sebagai 5 mg/m3. Paparan kronis mulai 60 hingga 600 mg/m3 dapat menyebabkan gejalan termsuk kelelahan, sakit kepala dan ngilu sendi.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Pada level 5000 mg/m3, molibdenum membahayakan segera terhadap kesehatan dan kehidupan (IDLH).<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_tambang_molibdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar tambang molibdenum (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar tambang molibdenum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertambangan_molibdenum_di_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertambangan molibdenum di Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertambangan molibdenum di Amerika Serikat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> (Indonesia) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/molibdenum">"Molibdenum"</a>. 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Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (edisi ke-91–100). Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 1096–1104. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-007511-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-007511-3">3-11-007511-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pages=1096-1104&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-11-007511-3&rft.au=Holleman%2C+Arnold+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMolibdenum" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pope, Michael T.; Müller, Achim (1997). "Polyoxometalate Chemistry: An Old Field with New Dimensions in Several Disciplines". 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Diakses tanggal 2015-11-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=CDC+%E2%80%93+NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards+%E2%80%93+Molybdenum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0433.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMolibdenum" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum" class="extiw" title="commons:Molybdenum">Molibdenum</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/molibdenum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:molibdenum">molibdenum</a> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/042.htm">Molybdenum</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineral-exploration.com/publications.htm">Mineral & Exploration</a> – Map of World Molybdenum Producers 2009</li> <li><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=td4DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA63">"Mining A Mountain"</a>, Popular Mechanics: 63–64, July 1935</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Mining+A+Mountain&rft.pages=63-64&rft.date=1935-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtd4DAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMolibdenum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imoa.info/">Site for global molybdenum info</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0433.html">CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">(besar)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senyawa_molibdenum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Senyawa_molibdenum" title="Templat:Senyawa molibdenum"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Senyawa_molibdenum" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Senyawa molibdenum"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Senyawa_molibdenum&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(II)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(II) klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoCl2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_disilisida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum disilisida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoSi2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mo(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(III)_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(III) bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoBr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum(III)_klorida" title="Molibdenum(III) klorida">MoCl3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(III)_iodida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(III) iodida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoI3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Mo2O3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mo(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_tetraklorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum tetraklorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoCl4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(IV)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(IV) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoF4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(IV)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(IV) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoO2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_disulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum disulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoS2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mo(V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(V)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(V) klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoCl5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(V)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(V) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoF5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum(V)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum(V) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Mo2O5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mo(VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_heksafluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum heksafluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoF6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_trioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum trioksida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdenum_trisulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdenum trisulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">MoS3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">Rumus kimia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" 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