CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/css/css2104.css" media="all" /> <title>NASA GISS: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies</title> <script src="/js/home1607.js"></script> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/gfx/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/gfx/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="/gfx/apple-touch-icon-192x192.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/gfx/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/gfx/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="128x128" href="/gfx/apple-touch-icon-128x128.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/gfx/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <meta name="orgcode" content="611" /> <meta name="rno" content="Gavin.A.Schmidt.1" /> <meta name="content-owner" content="Robert.B.Schmunk.1" /> <meta name="webmaster" content="Robert.B.Schmunk.1" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=956, initial-scale=1" /><script id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=NASA&subagency=GISS&yt=true&dclink=true" async="async"></script> </head> <body> <div id="bkg1"><div id="bkg2"></div></div> <div id="page"> <div class="hidden"> <a href="#content" title="Go to Main Content" accesskey="2">Go to Main Content (Accesskey 2)</a><br /><a href="#nav" title="Go to Site Menu" accesskey="3">Go to Site Menu (Accesskey 3)</a></div> <div id="header"> <div id="headerlogo"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/"><img src="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/gfx/2013/nasa_x2.png" alt="NASA Logo, National Aeronautics and Space Administration" style="width:140px;height:98px" /></a></div> <div id="centername"> <h1><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a></h1> <h2><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/">Goddard Institute for Space Studies</a></h2></div> <div id="hierarchy"> <h2><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/">Goddard Space Flight Center</a><br /><a href="https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sci">Sciences and Exploration Directorate</a><br /><a href="https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/earth">Earth Sciences Division</a></h2></div></div> <div id="paper"> <div id="content"> <div id="features" class="gradient shadow"><div id="fbox"> <div id="feature_1"> <h2><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/nasa-data-reveals-role-of-green-spaces-in-cooling-cities/">NASA Data Reveals Role of Green Spaces in Cooling Cities</a></h2> <div class="feature_img"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/nasa-data-reveals-role-of-green-spaces-in-cooling-cities/"><img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202411_news_cities_1472x960.jpg" alt="A natural color image of Sanaa, Yemen, taken by the Operational Land Imager on Landsat 8 on Jun 8, 2024." /></a></div> <div class="feature_txt"><p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/nasa-data-reveals-role-of-green-spaces-in-cooling-cities/">A recent study used NASA satellite data to identify a major gap in global resilience to climate change: cities in the Global South have far less green space — and therefore less cooling capacity — than cities in the Global North.</a> <span class="feature_date">(2024-11-24)</span></p> </div></div> <div id="feature_2"> <h2><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153588/charting-the-exceptional-unexpected-heat-of-2023-and-2024">Charting the Exceptional, Unexpected Heat of 2023 and 2024</a></h2> <div class="feature_img"><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153588/charting-the-exceptional-unexpected-heat-of-2023-and-2024"><img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202411_feature_charting_1472x960.jpg" alt="A global map of the 2023 September monthly global temperature anomaly" /></a></div> <div class="feature_txt"><p><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153588/charting-the-exceptional-unexpected-heat-of-2023-and-2024">Global temperatures have soared in recent years and climate scientists are trying to understand why.</a> <span class="feature_date">(2024-11-20)</span></p> </div></div> <div id="feature_3"> <h2><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-finds-summer-2024-hottest-to-date/">NASA Finds Summer 2024 Hottest to Date</a></h2> <div class="feature_img"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-finds-summer-2024-hottest-to-date/"><img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202409_news_gistemp_1472x960.jpg" alt="This visualization of GISTEMP monthly temperatures with the seasonal cycle derived from the MERRA-2 model compares 2023 and 2024." /></a></div> <div class="feature_txt"><p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-finds-summer-2024-hottest-to-date/">August 2024 set a new monthly temperature record, capping Earth鈥檚 hottest summer since global records began in 1880, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.</a> <span class="feature_date">(2024-09-11)</span></p> </div></div> <div id="feature_4"> <h2><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-earth-scientists-take-flight-set-sail-to-verify-pace-satellite-data/">Earth Scientists Take Flight, Set Sail to Verify PACE Satellite Data</a></h2> <div class="feature_img"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-earth-scientists-take-flight-set-sail-to-verify-pace-satellite-data/"><img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202409_news_pace_1472x960.jpg" alt="Phot of the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft preparing for flight in January 2023." /></a></div> <div class="feature_txt"><p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-earth-scientists-take-flight-set-sail-to-verify-pace-satellite-data/">More than 100 scientists will participate in a field campaign involving a research vessel and two aircraft this month to verify the accuracy of data collected by NASA鈥檚 new PACE satellite: the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem mission.</a> <span class="feature_date">(2024-09-04)</span></p> </div></div> <div id="feature_5"> <h2><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-data-shows-july-22-was-earths-hottest-day-on-record/">NASA Data Shows July 22 Was Earth's Hottest Day on Record</a></h2> <div class="feature_img"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-data-shows-july-22-was-earths-hottest-day-on-record/"><img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202407_news_july22_1472x960.png" alt="Line plots showing daily global average temperature values from MERRA-2 for the years 1980-2022." /></a></div> <div class="feature_txt"><p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-data-shows-july-22-was-earths-hottest-day-on-record/">July 22, 2024, was the hottest day on record, according to a NASA analysis of global daily temperature data. July 21 and 23 of this year also exceeded the previous daily record, set in July 2023.</a> <span class="feature_date">(2024-07-29)</span></p> </div></div> <div id="feature_6"> <h2><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153058/el-nino-exits">El Niño Fades</a></h2> <div class="feature_img"><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153058/el-nino-exits"><img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202407_feature_elnino_1472x960.jpg" alt="Side-by-side plots showing sea surface height anomalies in the Pacific ocean on Dec 4, 2023 and July 1, 204. The large anomaly along the equator associated with El Niño visible in Dec has by July disappeared." /></a></div> <div class="feature_txt"><p><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153058/el-nino-exits">The natural climate phenomenon contributed to upheavals in temperature and rainfall patterns across the globe.</a> <span class="feature_date">(2024-07-15)</span></p> </div></div> </div> <div id="ficons"> <div id="ficon_1" class="ficon_active"> <img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202411_news_cities_s200.png" alt="*" tabindex="0" onclick="showspot(1,1)" onkeypress="showspot(1,1)" /> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/nasa-data-reveals-role-of-green-spaces-in-cooling-cities/">Cooling Cities</a></div> <div id="ficon_2" class="ficon_inactive"> <img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202411_feature_charting_s200.png" alt="*" tabindex="0" onclick="showspot(2,1)" onkeypress="showspot(2,1)" /> <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153588/charting-the-exceptional-unexpected-heat-of-2023-and-2024">Charting Heat</a></div> <div id="ficon_3" class="ficon_inactive"> <img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202409_news_gistemp_s200.png" alt="*" tabindex="0" onclick="showspot(3,1)" onkeypress="showspot(3,1)" /> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-finds-summer-2024-hottest-to-date/">Summer Temps</a></div> <div id="ficon_4" class="ficon_inactive"> <img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202409_news_pace_s200.png" alt="*" tabindex="0" onclick="showspot(4,1)" onkeypress="showspot(4,1)" /> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-earth-scientists-take-flight-set-sail-to-verify-pace-satellite-data/">Verifying PACE</a></div> <div id="ficon_5" class="ficon_inactive"> <img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202407_news_july22_s200.png" alt="*" tabindex="0" onclick="showspot(5,1)" onkeypress="showspot(5,1)" /> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/nasa-data-shows-july-22-was-earths-hottest-day-on-record/">July 22 Temps</a></div> <div id="ficon_6" class="ficon_inactive"> <img src="/gfx/spot/2024/202407_feature_elnino_s200.png" alt="*" tabindex="0" onclick="showspot(6,1)" onkeypress="showspot(6,1)" /> <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153058/el-nino-exits">El Niño Fades</a></div> <div id="ficon_more" style="vertical-align:bottom"> <a href="/research/"> More News<br /> & Features</a> </div> <div id="ficon_ptr"></div> </div> <div id="frotate"> <div id="spxpause"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="pause(1)" onkeypress="pause(1)" tabindex="0"><img src="/gfx/spot/apause.png" alt="Pause" /></a></div> <div id="spxplay"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="pause(0)" onkeypress="pause(0)" tabindex="0"><img src="/gfx/spot/aplay.png" alt="Play" /></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col1a"> <div class="col1b"> <h2>Opportunities</h2> <div class="quicklinks"> <p>+ <a href="about/jobs/columbia_20241113.html"> Columbia Univ., Postdoctoral Res. Scientist in Ice Sheet Modeling</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col2a"> <div class="col2b"> <h2>Recent Publications</h2> <p>Wood, R.A., J.A. Baker, G. Beaugrand, J. Boutin, A. Conversi, R.V. Donner, E. Goberville, H. Hayashida, W. Koeve, K. Kvale, A. Landolfi, W. Maslowski, A. Oschlies, A. Romanou, C.J. Somes, T.F. Stocker, and D. Swingedouw, 2024: <a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/wo06100q.html">Opportunities for Earth observation to inform risk management for ocean tipping points</a>. <cite>Surv. Geophys.</cite>, early on-line, doi:10.1007/s10712-024-09859-3.</p> <p>Karl, K., F.N. Tubiello, M. Crippa, J. Poore, M.N. Hayek, P. Benoit, M. Chen, M. Corbeels, A. Flammini, S. Garland, A. Leip, S.C. McClelland, E. Mencos Contreras, D. Sandalow, R. Quadrelli, T.B. Sapkota, and C. Rosenzweig, 2025: <a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ka07500f.html">Harmonizing food systems emissions accounting for more effective climate action</a>. <cite>Environ. Res. Food Syst.</cite>, <b>2</b>, no. 1, 015001, doi:10.1088/2976-601X/ad8fb3.</p> <p>Kleese van Dam, K., A. Schlosser, J. Schmutz, B. Bond-Lamberty, K. Fangan, A.M. Fridlind, S. Gregurick, D. Niyogi, D. Segre, and P. Weisenhorn, 2024: <cite><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/kl08000i.html">A Unified Data Infrastructure for Biological and Environmental Research: A Report from the BER Advisory Committee</a></cite>. DOE/SC-0214. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, doi:10.2172/2331276.</p> <p>Romanou, A., G. Hegerl, S. Seneviratne, B. Abis, A. Bastos, A. Conversi, A. Landolfi, H. Kim, P. Lerner, J. Mekus, B. Otto-Bliesner, F. Pausata, I. Pinto, and L. Suarez-Guiterrez, 2024: <a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ro08910q.html">Extreme events contributing to tipping elements and tipping points</a>. <cite>Surv. Geophys.</cite>, early on-line, doi:10.1007/s10712-024-09863-7.</p> <div class="quicklinks"> <p>+ <a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/">More Publications</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col1a"> <div class="col1b"> <h2>Featured Video</h2> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0px">An Ocean in Bloom</h3> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GTOgp59FSpI" title="Video: An Ocean in Bloom" style="width:448px;height:252px;border:0;margin-top:8px" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> <div class="col1a"> <div class="col1b"> <h2>About GISS</h2> <p>Research at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) emphasizes a broad study of global change, which is an interdisciplinary initiative addressing natural and man-made changes in our environment that occur on various time scales — from one-time forcings such as volcanic explosions, to seasonal and annual effects such as El Niño, and on up to the millennia of ice ages — and that affect the habitability of our planet.</p> <p>GISS is located at <a href="https://www.columbia.edu/">Columbia University</a> in <a href="https://www.nyc.gov/">New York City</a>. The institute is a laboratory in the <a href="https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/earth">Earth Sciences Division</a> of NASA's <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/">Goddard Space Flight Center</a> and is affiliated with the Columbia <a href="https://www.climate.columbia.edu/">Climate School</a> and <a href="https://engineering.columbia.edu">School of Engineering and Applied Science</a>.</p> <div class="quicklinks"> <p>+ <a href="/about/">More About GISS</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="nav"><h3>Site Menu</h3> <ul id="mnav"> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/">GISS Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/">News & Features</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/">News & Features Overview</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/">Projects & Groups</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/">Projects Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/astrobio/">Astrobiology & ROCKE-3D</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/casi/">CASI</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/impacts/">Climate Impacts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/gcm/">Climate Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/iri_forecasts/">IRI Forecasts</a></li> <li><a href="https://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/">ISCCP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/">Datasets</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/">Datasets Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/">GISTEMP Surface Temperature</a></li> <li><a href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/modelE/">Model E Simulations</a></li> <li><a href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/modelforce/">Model Forcings</a></li> <li><a href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/rocke3d/maps/">ROCKE-3D Simulations</a></li> <li><a href="https://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/products/onlineData.html">ISCCP Data Products</a></li> <li><a href="https://gacp.giss.nasa.gov/datasets/">GACP Data Products</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/">Publications</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/">Publications Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/year/2025.html">2025 Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/year/2024.html">2024 Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/year/2023.html">2023 Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/year/2022.html">2022 Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/year/2021.html">2021 Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/year/inpress.html">Accepted & In Press</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/authors/">Author Bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/best.html">Annual Best</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/cited.html">Most Cited</a></li> <li><a href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/dissertations.html">Dissertations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/">Software</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/">Software Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/modelE/">GCM Model E</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply/">Panoply Data Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/gprojector/">G.Projector</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/">Mars24 Sunclock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/edu/">Education</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/edu/">Education Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/edu/intern/">Internships</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/edu/ccri/">CCRI STEM Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/edu/grad/">Graduate Study</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/jobs/postdoc.html">Postdoc Research</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/edu/res/">STEM Curriculum Modules</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/events/">Events</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/events/">Events Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/events/lunch/">Lunch Seminars</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/events/past.html">Past Special Events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/">About GISS</a> <ul class="mnav2"> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/">About GISS</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/management.html">Management Staff</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/">Personnel Directory</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/deia/">DEIA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/visiting/">Visitors' Info</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/jobs/">Employment</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div id="endpaper"></div></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footerlogo"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov"><img src="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/gfx/2013/nasa_x2.png" alt="NASA Logo, National Aeronautics and Space Administration" style="width:140px;height:98px" /></a></div> <div id="footersig"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" class="imageLink"><img src="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/gfx/2013/gsig.png" alt="Goddard Space Flight Center" style="width:172px;height:68px" /></a></div> <div id="footerinfo"> <p>Page updated: Nov 27, 2024</p> <p>Website Curator: <a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/rschmunk.html"> Robert B. Schmunk</a> — NASA Official: <a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/gschmidt.html"> Gavin A. Schmidt</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/about/contact.html">Contact GISS</a> — <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html">NASA Privacy Policy</a> — <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/accessibility/">Accessibility</a></p></div></div></div></body> </html>