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Jésuite espagnol, célèbre par la querelle qu'il déclencha à propos de la liberté et de la grâce, Luis Molina, né dans une illustre famille, entra à dix-huit ans dans la Compagnie de Jésus, à Alcalá, où il avait fait ses études ; après son noviciat..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/luis-de-molina/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600). 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data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT301135_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT301135_0"></i><p> Jésuite espagnol, célèbre par la querelle qu'il déclencha à propos de la liberté et de la grâce, Luis Molina, né dans une illustre famille, entra à dix-huit ans dans la Compagnie de Jésus, à Alcalá, où il avait fait ses études ; après son noviciat à Lisbonne, il fut envoyé à Coïmbre (Portugal) pour son scolasticat de philosophie, où il eut peut-être Pedro da Fonseca comme professeur. Puis il enseigna la philosophie à Coïmbre pendant quatre années avant d'étudier, à Évora et à Coïmbre, la théologie. Pendant vingt ans, Molina fut professeur de théologie à Évora ; puis il retourna en Espagne. Il y mourut l'année même où il était appelé à occuper la chaire de théologie morale de Madrid.</p><p>Esprit curieux, âpre à la dispute scolatique, Molina aurait mené une vie universitaire sans éclat et ses traités de morale, ainsi que son <em>Commentaire de la Somme théologique</em> (<em>Commentaria in primam partem divi Thomae</em>, 1592), ouvrages estimables, ne lui auraient guère valu de gloire posthume, si sa <em>Concorde du libre arbitre avec les dons de la grâce</em> (<em>Concordia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis</em>, 1588) n'avait, dès sa parution, soulevé les objections des théologiens dominicains de Salamanque. Molina se défendit habilement et publia en 1589 un <em>Appendice</em> de quarante-quatre pages (parfois relié avec l'édition originale de la <em>Concordia</em>). Autour de ce livre dont l'auteur publia à Anvers, en 1595, une édition remaniée, s'est développé le conflit sur la grâce et la liberté humaine qui anima les controverses théologiques du <span class="pc">xvii</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, notamment avec les congrégations <em>de auxiliis</em>, réunies pour examiner et discuter les principales thèses du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On appelle communément molinisme la doctrine de la liberté et de la grâce enseignée par l'ouvrage de Luis de Molina intitulé Concordia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis (1588). Mais il existe un molinisme d'avant Molina ; le fond du débat est bien antérieur à l'ouvrage du jésuite espagnol et, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de remonter aux controverses entre Pélage et saint Augustin ,..." title="Article : MOLINISME" href="/encyclopedie/molinisme/">molinisme</a>, que les <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Par les attaques violentes ou par les solides sympathies qu'elle a suscitées, par les réussites qu'elle a connues comme par les crises qu'elle a traversées, la Compagnie de Jésus occupe une place centrale dans l'histoire du catholicisme.. Avec un peu moins de 20 000 membres à la fin des années 2000 (contre près de 30 000 dans les années 1960), la Compagnie de Jésus constitue numér..." title="Article : JÉSUITES ou COMPAGNIE DE JÉSUS" href="/encyclopedie/jesuites-compagnie-de-jesus/">Jésuites</a> défendirent contre l'école thomiste représentée par les Dominicains.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Jean-Robert ARMOGATHE</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T301135_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="ARMOGATHE, Jean-Robert"><a title="Auteur : Jean-Robert ARMOGATHE" rel="author" href="/auteurs/jean-robert-armogathe/"><strong>Jean-Robert ARMOGATHE</strong></a> : directeur d'études à l'École pratique des hautes études, sciences religieuses </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : MOLINA LUIS DE (1536-1600)" href="/carte-mentale/luis-de-molina/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT301135_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Religions" href="/classification/religions/"> Religions </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Penseurs et théoriciens des religions" href="/classification/religions/penseurs-et-theoriciens-des-religions/"> Penseurs et théoriciens des religions </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Théologiens" href="/classification/religions/penseurs-et-theoriciens-des-religions/theologiens/"> Théologiens </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Théologiens catholiques"> <a title="Classification : Théologiens catholiques" href="/classification/religions/penseurs-et-theoriciens-des-religions/theologiens/theologiens-catholiques/"> Théologiens catholiques </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT301135_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/jansenisme/#c9507"> <span class="rg">JANSÉNISME</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Louis COGNET</span> , <span rel="author">Jean DELUMEAU</span> et <span rel="author">Maurice VAUSSARD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 133 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : JANS&Eacute;NISME" href="/encyclopedie/jansenisme/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Blaise Pascal - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/a/csm_ph995101_7edb3ec8c5.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...faire préférer la délectation céleste à la délectation terrestre. Cette grâce est irrésistible, mais n'est pas accordée à tous les hommes. Le jésuite <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600). Jésuite espagnol, célèbre par la querelle qu'il déclencha à propos de la liberté et de la grâce, Luis Molina, né dans une illustre famille, entra à dix-huit ans dans la Compagnie de Jésus, à Alcalá, où il avait fait ses études ; après son noviciat à Lisbonne, il fut envoyé à Coïmbre (Portugal) pour son scolasticat de philosophie, où il..." title="Article : LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600)" href="/encyclopedie/luis-de-molina/">Luis de Molina</a> (1536-1600) avait au contraire assuré qu'une grâce suffisante apporte en toute circonstance le concours divin nécessaire pour faire le bien... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/jesuites-compagnie-de-jesus/#c9507"> <span class="rg">JÉSUITES </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">COMPAGNIE DE JÉSUS</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean DELUMEAU</span> et <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 390 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : J&Eacute;SUITES ou COMPAGNIE DE J&Eacute;SUS" href="/encyclopedie/jesuites-compagnie-de-jesus/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Matteo Ricci - crédits : Godong/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/b/csm_ph020384_2b4ea56220.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...donnée ne l'obtiennent pas d'après le mérite de leurs œuvres ni d'après celui de leur volonté... » (saint Augustin). Au contraire, dès 1588, le jésuite Molina avait exprimé une thèse beaucoup plus optimiste : chaque fois que nous nous efforçons de faire le bien par nos « seules forces naturelles », le... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/molinisme/"> <span class="rg">MOLINISME</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Robert ARMOGATHE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">768 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> On appelle communément molinisme la doctrine de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La question de la liberté peut être abordée à trois niveaux différents, dont chacun fait appel à un type propre de discours.. À un premier niveau, celui du langage ordinaire, « libre » est un adjectif qui caractérise certaines actions humaines présentant des traits remarquables : ce sont des actions intentionnelles ou faites dans une certaine intention ; on les explique par des moti..." title="Article : LIBERTÉ" href="/encyclopedie/liberte/">liberté</a> et de la grâce enseignée par l'ouvrage de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600). Jésuite espagnol, célèbre par la querelle qu'il déclencha à propos de la liberté et de la grâce, Luis Molina, né dans une illustre famille, entra à dix-huit ans dans la Compagnie de Jésus, à Alcalá, où il avait fait ses études ; après son noviciat à Lisbonne, il fut envoyé à Coïmbre (Portugal) pour son scolasticat de philosophie, où il..." title="Article : LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600)" href="/encyclopedie/luis-de-molina/">Luis de Molina</a> intitulé <em>Concordia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis </em>(1588). Mais il existe un molinisme d'avant Molina ; le fond du débat est bien antérieur à l'ouvrage du jésuite espagnol...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/les-provinciales/#c9507"> <span class="rg">LES PROVINCIALES, </span><span class="rm">Blaise Pascal - Fiche de lecture</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Christian BIET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 419 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : LES PROVINCIALES, Blaise Pascal - Fiche de lecture" href="/encyclopedie/les-provinciales/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Blaise Pascal - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/a/csm_ph995101_7edb3ec8c5.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...« narrataire » qui découvre tout : il faut donc peindre avec ironie la grâce suffisante des uns et représenter avec feu la grâce efficace des autres. La position moliniste (de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600). Jésuite espagnol, célèbre par la querelle qu'il déclencha à propos de la liberté et de la grâce, Luis Molina, né dans une illustre famille, entra à dix-huit ans dans la Compagnie de Jésus, à Alcalá, où il avait fait ses études ; après son noviciat à Lisbonne, il fut envoyé à Coïmbre (Portugal) pour son scolasticat de philosophie, où il..." title="Article : LUIS DE MOLINA (1536-1600)" href="/encyclopedie/luis-de-molina/">Luis de Molina</a>, théoricien religieux et jésuite espagnol) postule en effet que Dieu veut sauver tous les hommes et qu'il ne... </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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