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Cristall - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d&#039;actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Cristall" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Cristall" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d&#039;usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Cristall" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Cristall" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cristall_i_vidre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cristall_i_vidre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cristall i vidre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cristall_i_vidre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formació_natural_espontània" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formació_natural_espontània"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formació natural espontània</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formació_natural_espontània-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Síntesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Síntesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Síntesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Síntesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defectes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defectes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Defectes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defectes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemples_de_sòlids_moleculars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemples_de_sòlids_moleculars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Exemples de sòlids moleculars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemples_de_sòlids_moleculars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propietats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Propietats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propietats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cristall</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 111 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="بلورة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلورة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بلار - Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بلار" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallar" title="Kristallar - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kristallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kristall" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Крышталічныя целы - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крышталічныя целы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Крышталь - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крышталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balur" title="Balur - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Balur" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кристал - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кристал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="স্ফটিক - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ফটিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بلوور - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بلوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystal" title="Krystal - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krystal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кристалл - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кристалл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisial" title="Grisial - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Grisial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystal" title="Krystal - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krystal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kristall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κρύσταλλος - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρύσταλλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Crystal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalo" title="Kristalo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kristall" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بلور - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiteinen_aine" title="Kiteinen aine - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiteinen aine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karisitala" title="Karisitala - fijià" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Karisitala" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criostal" title="Criostal - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Criostal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95" title="સ્ફટિક - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્ફટિક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Crystal" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9" title="גביש - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גביש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2" title="क्रिस्टल - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रिस्टल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C3%A1ly" title="Kristály - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kristály" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Բյուրեղ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բյուրեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Բիւրեղ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բիւրեղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalo" title="Kristalo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kristalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kristall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristallo" title="Cristallo - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6" title="結晶 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結晶" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კრისტალი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრისტალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кристалл - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кристалл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95" title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95" title="결정 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кристалл - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кристалл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallum" title="Crystallum - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Crystallum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalas" title="Kristalas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kristalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C4%81ls" title="Kristāls - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristaly" title="Kristaly - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kristaly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кристал - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кристал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BD_(%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="പരൽ (രസതന്ത്രം) - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പരൽ (രസതന്ത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82" title="Талст - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Талст" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯦꯜꯂꯥꯏꯟ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯦꯜꯂꯥꯏꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="स्फटिक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्फटिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hablur" title="Hablur - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hablur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%B2" title="ပုံဆောင်ခဲ - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပုံဆောင်ခဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuilotl" title="Tehuilotl - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tehuilotl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD" title="मणिभ - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मणिभ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal_(natuurwetenschappen)" title="Kristal (natuurwetenschappen) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kristal (natuurwetenschappen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystall" title="Krystall - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krystall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystall" title="Krystall - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krystall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalcii" title="Baalcii - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Baalcii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬਲੌਰ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲੌਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_krystaliczne" title="Ciało krystaliczne - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ciało krystaliczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بلور - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B1i" title="Piñi - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Piñi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cristal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustalu" title="Crustalu - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Crustalu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Кристаллы - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кристаллы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кристааллар - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кристааллар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creestal" title="Creestal - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Creestal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7" title="සකැට - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සකැට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crystal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kry%C5%A1t%C3%A1l" title="Kryštál - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kryštál" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristali" title="Kristali - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kristali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кристал - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kristall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuwele" title="Fuwele - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fuwele" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="படிகம் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="படிகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="స్ఫటికం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్ఫటికం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81" title="ผลึก - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผลึก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кристалл - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кристалл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="كىرىستال - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كىرىستال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кристал - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кристал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بلور - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallar" title="Kristallar - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kristallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinh_th%E1%BB%83" title="Tinh thể - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tinh thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kristal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="晶体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="קריסטאל - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קריסטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晶体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="晶體 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="晶體" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E2%81%BF-th%C3%A9" title="Chiⁿ-thé - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiⁿ-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="晶體 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="晶體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umncwebe" title="Umncwebe - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umncwebe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43533#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cristall" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Cristall" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d&#039;aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cristall"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=history" title="Versions antigues d&#039;aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cristall"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Cristall" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Cristall" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;oldid=34167820" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Cristall&amp;id=34167820&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCristall"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCristall"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Cristall"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Cristall&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Crystal" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43533" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34261971">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/22px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/33px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/44px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>No s'ha de confondre amb <a href="/wiki/Vidre" title="Vidre">vidre</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Bismuth_Crystal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bismuth_Crystal.jpg/220px-Bismuth_Crystal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bismuth_Crystal.jpg/330px-Bismuth_Crystal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bismuth_Crystal.jpg/440px-Bismuth_Crystal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Cristall de <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>cristall</b> és una forma <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2lid" title="Sòlid">sòlida</a>, en què els constituents, <a href="/wiki/%C3%80toms" class="mw-redirect" title="Àtoms">àtoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A8cules" class="mw-redirect" title="Molècules">molècules</a>, o <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B3_(%C3%A0tom)" title="Ió (àtom)">ions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> estan empaquetats de manera ordenada i amb patrons de repetició que s'estenen en les tres dimensions espacials. La <a href="/wiki/Cristal%C2%B7lografia" title="Cristal·lografia">cristal·lografia</a> és l'estudi dels cristalls i de la seva formació (<a href="/wiki/Cristal%C2%B7log%C3%A8nesi" title="Cristal·logènesi">cristal·logènesi</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cristall_i_vidre">Cristall i vidre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Cristall i vidre"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Silica.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Silica.svg/220px-Silica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Silica.svg/330px-Silica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Silica.svg/440px-Silica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Sílice en estat vitri</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Vidre" title="Vidre">Vidre</a></div> <p>Mentre que el terme <i>cristall</i> té un significat precís dins de la <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncia" title="Ciència">ciència</a> i <a href="/wiki/Enginyeria" title="Enginyeria">enginyeria</a>, col·loquialment es fa servir com a sinònim de <i><a href="/wiki/Vidre" title="Vidre">vidre</a></i>, el qual per la seva natura és l'antítesi dels cristalls a què es refereix la física de l'estat sòlid. En la majoria dels casos, per a fabricar aquests materials vitris cal refredar un <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluid</a> molt ràpidament de manera que els <a href="/wiki/%C3%80toms" class="mw-redirect" title="Àtoms">àtoms</a> no puguin viatjar als seus llocs d'enreixat abans que perdin la mobilitat. Aquests materials no cristal·lins, que no tenen cap ordre de llarg abast, s'anomenen <i>sòlids amorfs</i> o <i>vidriosos</i>. L'exemple més conegut d'aquesta mena de materials és el vidre, però n'existeixen molts més. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formació_natural_espontània"><span id="Formaci.C3.B3_natural_espont.C3.A0nia"></span>Formació natural espontània</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Formació natural espontània"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Quartz_oisan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/220px-Quartz_oisan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/330px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/440px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="4031" /></a><figcaption>Cristall de <a href="/wiki/Quars" title="Quars">quars</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Cristal%C2%B7litzaci%C3%B3" title="Cristal·lització">Cristal·lització</a></div> <p>Les diverses formes de tals cristalls es troben en la <a href="/wiki/Natura" title="Natura">natura</a>. La forma d'aquests cristalls és dependent del tipus d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlla%C3%A7os_moleculars&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enllaços moleculars (encara no existeix)">enllaços moleculars</a> entre els àtoms per determinar l'estructura, així com de les condicions sota les quals s'han format. Els <a href="/wiki/Floc" title="Floc">flocs</a> de <a href="/wiki/Neu" title="Neu">neu</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamants</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Sal_comuna" title="Sal comuna">sal</a> són exemples comuns de cristalls. </p><p>Les substàncies poden formar cristalls quan sofreixen un procés de <a href="/wiki/Solidificaci%C3%B3" title="Solidificació">solidificació</a>, ja sigui pel pas de líquid a sòlid, de gas a sòlid o per la precipitació d'una <a href="/wiki/Dissoluci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolució">dissolució</a> saturada. Sota condicions ideals, el resultat pot ser un cristall senzill, on tots els àtoms en el sòlid caben al mateix enreixat o estructura cristal·lina, però, generalment, molts cristalls es formen simultàniament durant la solidificació, portant a un sòlid policristal·lí. La majoria dels <a href="/wiki/Metalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalls">metalls</a> que es troben en la vida diària són <a href="/wiki/Policristall" title="Policristall">policristalls</a>. Els cristalls creixen junts simètricament formant parelles bessones. </p><p>Quina estructura cristal·lina formarà el fluid dependrà de la substància química del fluid, les condicions sota les quals s'està solidificant, i també de la pressió ambiental. Al procés de formació d'una estructura cristal·lina se'l coneix amb el nom de <i>cristal·lització</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Síntesi"><span id="S.C3.ADntesi"></span>Síntesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Síntesi"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg/220px-Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg/330px-Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg/440px-Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Estructures cristal·lines del diamant i del grafit</figcaption></figure> <p>Les estructures cristal·lines ocorren en totes les classes de materials, amb tots els tipus d'enllaços químics. Gairebé tots el metalls existeixen en un estat policristal·lí; els metalls amorfs o monocristal·lins s'han de produir sintèticament, sovint amb gran dificultat. Els cristalls amb <a href="/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_i%C3%B2nic" title="Enllaç iònic">enllaços iònics</a> es poden formar bé des d'un fluid fos o per <a href="/wiki/Precipitaci%C3%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="Precipitació">precipitació</a> d'una <a href="/wiki/Dissoluci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolució">dissolució</a>. </p><p>Els cristalls amb <a href="/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_covalent" title="Enllaç covalent">enllaç covalent</a> són també molt comuns, exemples notables en són el <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, la <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADlice" class="mw-redirect" title="Sílice">sílice</a>, i el <a href="/wiki/Grafit_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafit (mineral)">grafit</a>. Els materials de <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADmer" title="Polímer">polímer</a> generalment formaran regions cristal·lines, però les llargades de les molècules normalment eviten una completa cristal·lització. Les forces més dèbils <a href="/wiki/Forces_de_Van_der_Waals" class="mw-redirect" title="Forces de Van der Waals">de Van der Waals</a> també poden tenir un paper important en una estructura cristal·lina; per exemple, aquest tipus d'enllaç dèbil manté unides les capes hexagonals del <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> i expliquen la seva tendència a l'<a href="/wiki/Exfoliaci%C3%B3_(mineralogia)" title="Exfoliació (mineralogia)">exfoliació</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defectes">Defectes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Defectes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Compounddefects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Compounddefects.png/220px-Compounddefects.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Compounddefects.png/330px-Compounddefects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Compounddefects.png/440px-Compounddefects.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Esquema mostrant alguns tipus de defectes</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Defecte_cristal%C2%B7logr%C3%A0fic" title="Defecte cristal·logràfic">Defecte cristal·logràfic</a></div> <p>La majoria dels cristalls tenen una varietat de <a href="/wiki/Defecte_cristal%C2%B7logr%C3%A0fic" title="Defecte cristal·logràfic">defectes cristal·logràfics</a>, que apareixen per causes diverses: deformacions mecàniques, refredament excessivament ràpid, defectes produïts per la radiació, impureses, etc. </p><p>Els defectes més comuns són els puntuals (incloent els <a href="/wiki/Defecte_topol%C3%B2gic_cristal%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Defecte topològic cristal·lí">topològics</a>), de línia, de massa, el defecte de Frenkel, en el qual un ió és desplaçat des del seu lloc a la xarxa a un dels espais intersticials o entre els àtoms a la xarxa, i el defecte de Schottky, en el qual dos ions de signes oposats deixen la xarxa. </p><p>Els tipus i les estructures dels defectes poden tenir un efecte profund sobre les propietats dels materials. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples_de_sòlids_moleculars"><span id="Exemples_de_s.C3.B2lids_moleculars"></span>Exemples de sòlids moleculars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Exemples de sòlids moleculars"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diverses classes de sòlids moleculars es poden distingir (vegeu taula de la dreta). La gran majoria dels sòlids moleculars es pot atribuir als compostos orgànics que contenen carboni i hidrogen, com ara hidrocarburs (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>m</sub>) i diamantoides, [12] [13] molècules esfèriques que consisteixen en un nombre diferent d'àtoms de carboni, és a dir, els <a href="/wiki/Ful%C2%B7ler%C3%A8" title="Ful·lerè">ful·lerens</a>, són una altra classe important. Menys nombrosos, els sòlids moleculars, encara distintius, són halògens (per exemple Cl2) i els seus compostos amb hidrogen (HCl), així com calcògens de llum (O2) i el grup del nitrogen (N2). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propietats">Propietats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Propietats"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La debilitat de les forces intermoleculars es tradueix en baixes temperatures de fusió dels sòlids moleculars. Atès que el punt de fusió característic dels metalls i els sòlids iònics és d'aproximadament de 1.000&#160;°C, la majoria dels sòlids de fos molecular són molt per sota de 300&#160;°C, de manera que moltes substàncies corresponents són ja sigui líquid (gel) o gasós (oxigen) a temperatura ambient. [1] Els sòlids moleculars també tenen relativament baixa densitat i duresa. Això és a causa dels elements de llum implicats i d'enllaços intermoleculars relativament llargs, i per tant febles. A causa de la neutralitat de càrrega de les molècules constituents i de llarga distància entre si, els sòlids moleculars són aïllants elèctrics. [2] </p><p>Les tendències poden il·lustrar-se en exemples de diferents al·lòtrops del fòsfor. El fòsfor blanc, un sòlid molecular, té una densitat relativament baixa d'1,82 g/cm3 i un punt de fusió de 44,1&#160;°C; es tracta d'un material tou que es pot tallar amb un ganivet. Quan es converteix en el fòsfor vermell covalent, la densitat va a 2.2 a 2.4 g/cm³ i el punt de fusió a 590&#160;°C, i quan el fòsfor blanc es transforma en el (també covalent) fòsfor negre, la densitat esdevé 2,69-3,8 g/cm³ i la temperatura de fusió ~ 200&#160;°C. Les dues formes de fòsfor vermell i negre són significativament més dures que el fòsfor blanc, [3] el fòsfor blanc és un aïllant, l'al·lòtrop negre, que consisteix en capes que s'estenen sobretot en el vidre, no condueix l'electricitat. [4] [5] </p><p>La conductivitat de sòlids moleculars es pot il·lustrar en exemple de ful·lerè. El seu sòlid és un aïllant, perquè tots els electrons de valència dels àtoms de carboni estan implicats en els enllaços covalents dins de les molècules de carboni individuals. No obstant això, la inserció (intercalació) d'àtoms de metall alcalí entre les molècules de ful·lerè proporciona electrons addicionals, que poden ser ionitzats fàcilment dels àtoms de metall i fan material conductor i fins i tot superconductors. [6] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeria">Galeria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Galeria"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Hex_ice.GIF" class="mw-file-description" title="L&#39;estructura cristal·lina del gel hexagonal. Les línies discontínues grises indiquen els enllaços d&#39;hidrogen"><img alt="L&#39;estructura cristal·lina del gel hexagonal. Les línies discontínues grises indiquen els enllaços d&#39;hidrogen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hex_ice.GIF/120px-Hex_ice.GIF" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hex_ice.GIF/180px-Hex_ice.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hex_ice.GIF/240px-Hex_ice.GIF 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L'estructura cristal·lina del gel hexagonal. Les línies discontínues grises indiquen els enllaços d'hidrogen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description" title="La cel·la unitària de sòlids [diòxid de carboni], un sòlid que conté CO₂ molecular"><img alt="La cel·la unitària de sòlids [diòxid de carboni], un sòlid que conté CO₂ molecular" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png/108px-Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png/163px-Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png/217px-Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La cel·la unitària de sòlids [diòxid de carboni], un sòlid que conté CO₂ molecular</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Sucrose.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Model de la molècula de sacarosa"><img alt="Model de la molècula de sacarosa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sucrose.gif/120px-Sucrose.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sucrose.gif/180px-Sucrose.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sucrose.gif/240px-Sucrose.gif 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Model de la molècula de sacarosa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Feather_ice_1,_Alta_plateau,_Norway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gel"><img alt="Gel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Feather_ice_1%2C_Alta_plateau%2C_Norway.jpg/120px-Feather_ice_1%2C_Alta_plateau%2C_Norway.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Feather_ice_1%2C_Alta_plateau%2C_Norway.jpg/180px-Feather_ice_1%2C_Alta_plateau%2C_Norway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Feather_ice_1%2C_Alta_plateau%2C_Norway.jpg/240px-Feather_ice_1%2C_Alta_plateau%2C_Norway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Dry_Ice_Pellets_Subliming.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Petites boletes de sublimació del gel sec en l&#39;aire"><img alt="Petites boletes de sublimació del gel sec en l&#39;aire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dry_Ice_Pellets_Subliming.jpg/120px-Dry_Ice_Pellets_Subliming.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dry_Ice_Pellets_Subliming.jpg/180px-Dry_Ice_Pellets_Subliming.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dry_Ice_Pellets_Subliming.jpg/240px-Dry_Ice_Pellets_Subliming.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Petites boletes de sublimació del gel sec en l'aire</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Iodinecrystals.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Iode cristal·lí"><img alt="Iode cristal·lí" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/120px-Iodinecrystals.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/180px-Iodinecrystals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/240px-Iodinecrystals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iode cristal·lí</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Sugar_2xmacro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cristalls [sacarosa]"><img alt="Cristalls [sacarosa]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Sugar_2xmacro.jpg/120px-Sugar_2xmacro.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Sugar_2xmacro.jpg/180px-Sugar_2xmacro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Sugar_2xmacro.jpg/240px-Sugar_2xmacro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cristalls [sacarosa]</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 135px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cristalls de ful·lerè"><img alt="Cristalls de ful·lerè" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG/107px-C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG" decoding="async" width="107" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG/161px-C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG/215px-C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cristalls de ful·lerè</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Diversos autors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=nwfYW0sLUdUC&amp;pg=PA58&amp;dq=Cristall+i%C3%B2nic&amp;hl=ca&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=nMyPVOe2J4nuUqeOgtgM&amp;ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Cristall%20i%C3%B2nic&amp;f=false"><i>Física i química 1 Batxillerat</i></a>.&#32; Nau Llibres,&#32;2011,&#32;p.&#160;58. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/8476428251" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/8476428251">ISBN 8476428251</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=F%C3%ADsica+i+qu%C3%ADmica+1+Batxillerat&amp;rft.au=Diversos+autors&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.pub=Nau+Llibres&amp;rft.pages=58&amp;rft.isbn=8476428251&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnwfYW0sLUdUC%26pg%3DPA58%26dq%3DCristall%2Bi%25C3%25B2nic%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DnMyPVOe2J4nuUqeOgtgM%26ved%3D0CCYQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DCristall%2520i%25C3%25B2nic%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristall&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristall_i%C3%B2nic" title="Cristall iònic">Cristall iònic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defecte_topol%C3%B2gic_cristal%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Defecte topològic cristal·lí">Defecte topològic cristal·lí</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crystals" 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