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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="شامانية قومية سامي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شامانية قومية سامي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Саам мифологияһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Саам мифологияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Традыцыйныя вераванні саамаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Традыцыйныя вераванні саамаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samisk_religion" title="Samisk religion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samisk religion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_osku" title="Sámi osku – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sámi osku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samische_Mythologie" title="Samische Mythologie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samische Mythologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_samie" title="Religion samie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion samie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanisme_Sami" title="Shamanisme Sami – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shamanisme Sami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religione_sami" title="Religione sami – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Religione sami" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samisk_religion" title="Samisk religion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samisk religion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samisk_religion" title="Samisk religion – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samisk religion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo_lap%C3%A3o" title="Xamanismo lapão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xamanismo lapão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Традиционные верования саамов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Традиционные верования саамов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saamelainen_muinaisusko" title="Saamelainen muinaisusko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saamelainen muinaisusko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samisk_religion" title="Samisk religion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samisk religion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="సామి షామనిజం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సామి షామనిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_mitolojisi" title="Sami mitolojisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sami mitolojisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saamelainen_muinaisusko" class="extiw" title="fi:Saamelainen muinaisusko">the corresponding article</a> in Finnish</b>.  <i><small>(January 2023)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Finnish Wikipedia article at [[:fi:Saamelainen muinaisusko]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fi|Saamelainen muinaisusko}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Talk:Sámi shamanism">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sami_shamanic_drum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sami_shamanic_drum.JPG/250px-Sami_shamanic_drum.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sami_shamanic_drum.JPG/500px-Sami_shamanic_drum.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_drum" title="Sámi drum">Sámi drum</a> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Traditional Sámi spiritual practices</b> and beliefs are based on a type of <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>, and what anthropologists may consider <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a>. The religious traditions can vary considerably from region to region within <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a>. </p><p>Traditional Sámi religion is generally considered to be Animism. The Sámi belief that all significant natural objects (such as animals, plants, rocks, etc.) possess a soul, and from a polytheistic perspective, traditional Sámi beliefs include a multitude of spirits.<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sámi traditional beliefs and practices commonly emphasizes <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">veneration of the dead</a> and of animal spirits. The relationship with the local animals that sustain the people, such as the <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a>, are very important to the kin-group.<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deities_and_animal_spirits">Deities and animal spirits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Deities and animal spirits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from <a href="/wiki/Bear_worship" title="Bear worship">bear worship</a>, there are other animal spirits such as the Haldi who watch over nature. Some Sámi people have a thunder god called <a href="/wiki/Horagalles" title="Horagalles">Horagalles</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rana_Niejta" title="Rana Niejta">Rana Niejta</a> is "the daughter of the green, fertile earth".<sup id="cite_ref-Donner_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donner-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The symbol of the <a href="/wiki/World_tree" title="World tree">world tree</a> or pillar, which reaches up to the <a href="/wiki/North_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="North Star">North Star</a> and is similar to that found in <a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish mythology</a>, may also be present.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lieaibolmmai" title="Lieaibolmmai">Laib Olmai</a>, the forest spirit of some of the Sámi people, is traditionally associated with forest animals, which are regarded as his herds, and he is said to grant either good or bad luck in hunting. His favour was so important that, according to one author, believers said prayers and made offerings to him every morning and every evening.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sieidis">Sieidis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sieidis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stabben_siedi_balsfjord.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Stabben_siedi_balsfjord.JPG/350px-Stabben_siedi_balsfjord.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Stabben_siedi_balsfjord.JPG/525px-Stabben_siedi_balsfjord.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Stabben_siedi_balsfjord.JPG/700px-Stabben_siedi_balsfjord.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Stabben: A <i>sieidi</i> stone in <a href="/wiki/Balsfjord_Municipality" title="Balsfjord Municipality">Balsfjord Municipality</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the landscape throughout Northern Scandinavia, one can find <i><a href="/wiki/Sieidi" title="Sieidi">sieidis</a></i>, places that have unusual land forms different from the surrounding countryside, and that can be considered to have spiritual significance. Each family or clan has its local spirits, to whom they make offerings for protection and good fortune. The <i>Storjunkare</i> are described sometimes as stones, having some likeness to a man or an animal, that were set up on a mountain top, or in a cave, or near rivers and lakes. Honor was done to them by spreading fresh twigs under them in winter, and in summer leaves or grass. The <i>Storjunkare</i> had power over all animals, fish, and birds, and gave luck to those that hunted or fished for them. Reindeer were offered up to them, and every clan and family had its own hill of sacrifice.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noaidi">Noaidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Noaidi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Noaidi" title="Noaidi">Noaidi</a></div> <p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Noaidi" title="Noaidi">noaidi</a></i> is a mediator between the human world and <i>saivo</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a>, on the behalf of the community, usually using a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_drum" title="Sámi drum">Sámi drum</a> and a domestic flute called a <a href="/wiki/Fadno" title="Fadno">fadno</a> in ceremonies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancestors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most irreconcilable elements of the Sámi's worldview from the missionaries’ perspective was the notion "that the living and the departed were regarded as two halves of the same family." The Sámi regarded the concept as fundamental, while Protestant Christian missionaries absolutely discounted any possibility of the dead having anything to do with the living.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since this belief was not just a religion, but a living dialogue with their ancestors, their society was concomitantly impoverished.<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_deities">List of deities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of deities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sami religion differs somewhat between regions and tribes. Although the deities are similar, their names vary between regions. The deities also overlap: in one region, one deity can appear as several separate deities, and in another region, several deities can be united in to just a few. Because of these variations, the deities can be somewhat confused with each other. </p><p>The main deities of the Sami were as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akka_(spirit)" title="Akka (spirit)">Akka</a> - a group of fertility goddesses, including <a href="/wiki/Maderakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Maderakka">Maderakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarakka">Sarakka</a> <a href="/wiki/Juksakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Juksakka">Juksakka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uksakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Uksakka">Uksakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaivi" title="Beaivi">Beaivi</a> - goddess of the sun, mother of human beings. However, in some areas the sun is male</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bieggagallis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bieggagallis">Bieggagallis</a> - husband of the sun goddess, father of human beings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bieggolmai" title="Bieggolmai">Bieggolmai</a> 'Man of the Winds' - god of the winds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biejjenniejte" title="Biejjenniejte">Biejjenniejte</a> - goddess of healing and medicine, daughter of the Sun, Beaivi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horagalles" title="Horagalles">Horagalles</a> - god of thunder. His name may mean "<a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a>-man". He is also called "Grandfather", Bajanolmmai, Dierpmis, Pajonn and Tordöm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabme-akko" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabme-akko"> Jahbme akka</a> - the goddess of the dead, and mistress of the underworld and the realm of the dead</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipmil" title="Ipmil">Ipmil</a> 'God' - adopted as a native name for the <a href="/wiki/Christian_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian God">Christian God</a> (see the related Finnish word <a href="/wiki/Jumala" title="Jumala">Jumala</a>), also used for <a href="/wiki/Radien-attje" title="Radien-attje">Radien-attje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieaibolmmai" title="Lieaibolmmai">Lieaibolmmai</a> - god of the hunt and of adult men</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madder-Attje" class="mw-redirect" title="Madder-Attje">Madder-Attje</a> - husband of Maderakka and father of the tribe. While his wife gives newborns their bodies, he gives them their souls.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(mythology)" title="Mano (mythology)">Mano</a>, Manna, or Aske - god of the moon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubpien%C3%A5lmaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubpienålmaj">Mubpienålmaj</a> - the god of evil, influenced by the Christian Satan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radien-attje" title="Radien-attje">Radien-attje</a> - Creator and high god, the creator of the world and the head divinity. In Sámi religion, he is passive or sleeping and is not often included in religious practice. He created the souls of human beings with his spouse. He was also called <a href="/wiki/Waralden_Olmai" class="mw-redirect" title="Waralden Olmai">Waralden Olmai</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raedieahkka" title="Raedieahkka">Raedieahkka</a> - wife of the high god Radien-attje. She created the souls of human beings with her spouse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Niejta" title="Rana Niejta">Rana Niejta</a> - spring goddess, the daughter of Radien-attje and Raedieahkka.<sup id="cite_ref-Donner_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donner-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rana</i>, meaning "green" or by extension "fertile", was a popular name for Sámi girls.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radien-pardne" title="Radien-pardne">Radien-pardne</a> - the son of Radien-attje and Raedieahkka. He acts as the proxy of his passive father, performing his tasks and carrying out his will.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruohtta" title="Ruohtta">Ruohtta</a> - god of sickness and death. He was depicted riding a horse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stallo" title="Stallo">Stallo</a> - feared cannibal giants of the wilderness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjaetsie%C3%A5lmaj" title="Tjaetsieålmaj">Tjaetsieålmaj</a> - "the man of water", god of water, lakes and fishing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_S%C3%A1mi_people" title="Christianization of the Sámi people">Christianization of the Sámi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnic_mythologies" title="Finnic mythologies">Finnic mythologies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fragments_of_Lappish_Mythology" title="Fragments of Lappish Mythology">Fragments of Lappish Mythology</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scandinavia" title="History of Scandinavia">History of Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religions_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religions of Norway">Indigenous religions of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Levi_Laestadius" title="Lars Levi Laestadius">Lars Levi Laestadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people#Religion" title="Sámi people">Religion among the Sámi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Shamanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian Shamanism">Siberian Shamanism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Religion-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolloway" class="citation web cs1">Holloway, Alan "Ivvár". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/christian/decline.htm">"The Decline of the Sámi People's Indigenous Religion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Decline+of+the+S%C3%A1mi+People%27s+Indigenous+Religion&rft.pub=University+of+Texas&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=Alan+%22Ivv%C3%A1r%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Fcourses%2Fsami%2Fdiehtu%2Fsiida%2Fchristian%2Fdecline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+shamanism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donner-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Donner_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Donner_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonner1876" class="citation journal cs1">Donner, Otto (1876). "Lieder der Lappen - Lappalaisia lauluja". <i>Suomi-sarjan Toinen Jakso, 2 Oso</i>: 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomi-sarjan+Toinen+Jakso%2C+2+Oso&rft.atitle=Lieder+der+Lappen+-+Lappalaisia+lauluja&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Donner&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+shamanism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leeming, pp. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pre- and Proto-Historic Finns</i> by Abercromby, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pre- and Proto-historic Finns by Abercromby, pp. 163-164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRydving1993" class="citation book cs1">Rydving, Håkan (1993). <i>The End of Drum-Time: Religious Change among the Lule Saami, 1670s-1740s</i>. Uppsala: <a href="/wiki/Almqvist_%26_Wiksell" title="Almqvist & Wiksell">Almqvist & Wiksell</a> International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Drum-Time%3A+Religious+Change+among+the+Lule+Saami%2C+1670s-1740s&rft.place=Uppsala&rft.pub=Almqvist+%26+Wiksell+International&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rydving&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A5kan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+shamanism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hofberg, Herman, Lapparnes hednatro, 1879 ('Sami Paganism')</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmberg-Harva, Uno, Lapparnas religion: (Lappalaisten uskonto, 1915), Centre for Multiethnic Research [Centrum för multietnisk forskning], Uppsala, 1987 ('The faith of the Sami')</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karsten, Rafael, Samefolkets religion: de nordiska lapparnas hedniska tro och kult i religionshistorisk belysning, Stockholm, 1952 ('The Sami religion')</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuterskiöld, Edgar, De nordiska lapparnas religion, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1912 (The religion of the Northern Sami)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBalys1973" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Balys, John (1973). "Finnische Mythologie". <i>Götter und Mythen im alten Europa</i> [<i>Gods and myths in ancient Europe</i>]. Wörterbuch der Mythologe (in German). Vol. 2. E. Klett. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-12-909820-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-12-909820-8"><bdi>3-12-909820-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Finnische+Mythologie&rft.btitle=G%C3%B6tter+und+Mythen+im+alten+Europa&rft.series=W%C3%B6rterbuch+der+Mythologe&rft.pub=E.+Klett&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=3-12-909820-8&rft.aulast=Balys&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+shamanism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbercromby1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Abercromby,_5th_Baron_Abercromby" title="John Abercromby, 5th Baron Abercromby">Abercromby, John</a> (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/preandprotohist01abergoog"><i>Pre- and Proto-historic Finns</i></a>. D. Nutt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pre-+and+Proto-historic+Finns&rft.pub=D.+Nutt&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Abercromby&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpreandprotohist01abergoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+shamanism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBäckmanHultkrantz1985" class="citation book cs1">Bäckman, Louise; Hultkrantz, Åke, eds. (1985). <i>Saami Pre-Christian Religion: Studies on the Oldest Traces of Religion Among the Saamis</i>. Stockholm: <a href="/wiki/Almqvist_%26_Wiksell" title="Almqvist & Wiksell">Almqvist & Wiksell</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saami+Pre-Christian+Religion%3A+Studies+on+the+Oldest+Traces+of+Religion+Among+the+Saamis&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Almqvist+%26+Wiksell&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+shamanism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeeming2003" class="citation book cs1">Leeming, David Adams (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=myMgj6gUWUEC&pg=PA133"><i>European Mythology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 133–141 Finnic and Other Non-Indo-European Mythologies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195143614" title="Special:BookSources/9780195143614"><bdi>9780195143614</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Mythology&rft.pages=133-141+Finnic+and+Other+Non-Indo-European+Mythologies&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780195143614&rft.aulast=Leeming&rft.aufirst=David+Adams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmyMgj6gUWUEC%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+shamanism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_shamanism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/giella/film/pathfinder.htm">Folklore, Boundaries and Audience in The Pathfinder</a> (a film review by Thomas A. DuBois in <i>SamiCulture</i>) University of Texas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/nordic-faq/part2_NORDEN/section-2.html">The Sámi people</a> Nordic FAQ</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol11/meandash.htm">Folktales of Meandash, the mythic Sámi reindeer (Part 1)</a> <i>Folklore.ee</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol13/meandash.htm">Folktales of Meandash, the mythic Sámi reindeer (Part 2)</a> <i>Folklore.ee</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://senc.hum.helsinki.fi/wiki/Sieidi#tab=English">"Sieidi"</a> <i>Encyclopaedia of Saami Culture</i> University of Helsinki</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://senc.hum.helsinki.fi/wiki/Pyhä#tab=English">"The Sacred"</a> <i>Encyclopaedia of Saami Culture</i> University of Helsinki</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Template:Sámi peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Template talk:Sámi peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sámi peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Sámi84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi peoples">Sámi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_history" title="Sámi history">History</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_languages" title="Sámi languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_media" title="Sámi media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_music" title="Sámi music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_politics" title="Sámi politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8CSV" title="ČSV">ČSV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_languages" title="Sámi languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkala_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkala Sámi">Akkala Sámi</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainuu_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kainuu Sámi">Kainuu Sámi</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kemi Sámi">Kemi Sámi</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peninsular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sámi">Kildin Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi">Ter Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule Sámi">Lule Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pite Sámi">Pite Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borgarm%C3%A5let" title="Borgarmålet">Borgarmålet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_media" title="Sámi media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_S%C3%A1mi-language_newspapers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Sámi-language newspapers (page does not exist)">Newspapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81%C5%A1%C5%A1u" title="Áššu">Áššu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81vvir" title="Ávvir">Ávvir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Min_%C3%81igi" title="Min Áigi">Min Áigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muital%C3%A6gje" title="Muitalægje">Muitalægje</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuorttanaste" title="Nuorttanaste">Nuorttanaste</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sa%C7%A5ai_Muittal%C3%A6gje" title="Saǥai Muittalægje">Saǥai Muittalægje</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_%C3%81igi" title="Sámi Áigi">Sámi Áigi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daerpies_Dierie" title="Daerpies Dierie">Daerpies Dierie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A5sningen" title="Snåsningen">Snåsningen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4%C3%A4%CA%B9mo%C4%91%C4%91%C3%A2z" title="Sääʹmođđâz">Sääʹmođđâz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1gat" title="Ságat">Ságat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waren_Sardne" title="Waren Sardne">Waren Sardne</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_S%C3%A1mi-language_magazines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Sámi-language magazines (page does not exist)">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die%C4%91ut" title="Dieđut">Dieđut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1ba" title="Gába">Gába</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0_(magazine)" title="Š (magazine)">Š</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_Die%C4%91ala%C5%A1_%C3%81ige%C4%8D%C3%A1la" title="Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála">Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmela%C5%A1" title="Sápmelaš">Sápmelaš</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_magasiidna" title="Sámi magasiidna">Sámi magasiidna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sami_Usteb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sami Usteb (page does not exist)">Sami Usteb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samealbmug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samealbmug (page does not exist)">Samealbmug</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule Sámi">Lule Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A5rj%C3%A5s" title="Bårjås">Bårjås</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rran_(S%C3%A1mi_publication)" title="Árran (Sámi publication)">Árran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1iki" title="Báiki">Báiki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Samefolket" title="Samefolket">Samefolket</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/O%C4%91%C4%91asat" title="Ođđasat">Ođđasat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unna_Junn%C3%A1" title="Unna Junná">Unna Junná</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle_O%C4%91%C4%91asat" title="Yle Ođđasat">Yle Ođđasat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NRK_S%C3%A1pmi" title="NRK Sápmi">NRK Sápmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sameradion" title="Sameradion">Sameradion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle_S%C3%A1mi_Radio" title="Yle Sámi Radio">Yle Sámi Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guovdageainnu_Lagasradio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guovdageainnu Lagasradio (page does not exist)">Guovdageainnu Lagasradio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kola_S%C3%A1mi_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kola Sámi Radio (page does not exist)">Kola Sámi Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kier%C3%A2%C5%A1" title="Kierâš">Kierâš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sameradion" title="Sameradion">SR Sápmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sámi_shamanism&oldid=1269057535">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sámi_shamanism&oldid=1269057535</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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