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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ecclesiastical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_Roman_Catholic_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Roman_Catholic_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Western Roman Catholic Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Roman_Catholic_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Eastern Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cornerstone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundweall" title="Grundweall – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Grundweall" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="حجر أساس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حجر أساس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_angular" title="Pedra angular – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pedra angular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1kladn%C3%AD_k%C3%A1men" title="Základní kámen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Základní kámen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundsten" title="Grundsten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grundsten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurgakivi" title="Nurgakivi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nurgakivi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedra_angular" title="Piedra angular – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piedra angular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angul%C5%9Dtono" title="Angulŝtono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angulŝtono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سنگ زیربنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ زیربنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_pierre" title="Première pierre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première pierre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earste_stien" title="Earste stien – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Earste stien" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%B6%A7%EB%8F%8C" title="주춧돌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주춧돌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Անկյունաքար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անկյունաքար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_penjuru" title="Batu penjuru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batu penjuru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornsteinn" title="Hornsteinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hornsteinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietra_angolare" title="Pietra angolare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pietra angolare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="אבן פינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן פינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಡಿಗಲ್ಲು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಡಿಗಲ್ಲು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grondsteen" title="Grondsteen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Grondsteen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertinis_akmuo" title="Kertinis akmuo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kertinis akmuo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0ebla_tax-xewka" title="Ġebla tax-xewka – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġebla tax-xewka" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%8E%E7%9F%B3" title="礎石 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="礎石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%B8rnestein" title="Hjørnestein – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjørnestein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamie%C5%84_w%C4%99gielny" title="Kamień węgielny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kamień węgielny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_angular" title="Pedra angular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedra angular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Краеугольный камень – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Краеугольный камень" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Камен-темељац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камен-темељац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6rnsten" title="Hörnsten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hörnsten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAn_%C4%91%C3%A1_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ti%C3%AAn" title="Viên đá đầu tiên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viên đá đầu tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A0%E5%9F%BA%E7%9F%B3" title="奠基石 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奠基石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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title="Foundation stone">Foundation stone</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First stone set in construction of a masonry foundation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cornerstone (disambiguation)">Cornerstone (disambiguation)</a>. Several terms redirect here. For the religious site, see <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a>. For the Aztec artifact, see <a href="/wiki/Dedication_Stone" title="Dedication Stone">Dedication Stone</a>. For corner stones laid as an architectural feature, see <a href="/wiki/Quoin" title="Quoin">Quoin</a>.</div> <p>A <b>cornerstone</b> (or <b>foundation stone</b> or <b>setting stone</b>) is the first stone set in the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Masonry" title="Masonry">masonry</a> <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">foundation</a>. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">structure</a>. </p><p>Over time a cornerstone became a <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremonial</a> masonry stone, or <a href="/wiki/Replica" title="Replica">replica</a>, set in a prominent location on the outside of a building, with an inscription on the stone indicating the construction dates of the building and the names of <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Construction_worker" title="Construction worker">builder</a>, and other significant individuals. The rite of laying a cornerstone is an important cultural component of eastern <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and metaphorically in <a href="/wiki/Sacred_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred architecture">sacred architecture</a> generally. </p><p>Some cornerstones include <a href="/wiki/Time_capsule" title="Time capsule">time capsules</a> from, or engravings commemorating, the time a particular building was built. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DCJCC_cornerstone_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DCJCC_cornerstone_ceremony.jpg/220px-DCJCC_cornerstone_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DCJCC_cornerstone_ceremony.jpg/330px-DCJCC_cornerstone_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DCJCC_cornerstone_ceremony.jpg/440px-DCJCC_cornerstone_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4590" data-file-height="3729" /></a><figcaption>The 1925 cornerstone ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C._Jewish_Community_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, D.C. Jewish Community Center">Washington, D.C. Jewish Community Center</a></figcaption></figure><p> The ceremony typically involved the placing of <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">offerings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> on or under the stone. These were symbolic of the produce and the people of the land and the means of their subsistence. This in turn derived from the practice in still more ancient times of making an animal or human<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifice</a> that was laid in the foundations. </p><p>Frazer (2006: pp. 106–107) in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a></i> from 1890 charts the various propitiary sacrifices and <a href="/wiki/Effigy" title="Effigy">effigy</a> substitution such as the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_(psychology)" title="Shadow (psychology)">shadow</a>, states that: </p> <blockquote> <p>Nowhere, perhaps, does the equivalence of the shadow to the life or soul come out more clearly than in some customs practised to this day in South-eastern Europe. In modern Greece, when the foundation of a new building is being laid, it is the custom to kill a cock, a ram, or a lamb, and to let its blood flow on the foundation-stone, under which the animal is afterwards buried. The object of the sacrifice is to give strength and stability to the building. But sometimes, instead of killing an animal, the builder entices a man to the foundation-stone, secretly measures his body, or a part of it, or his shadow, and buries the measure under the foundation-stone; or he lays the foundation-stone upon the man's shadow. It is believed that the man will die within the year. The Roumanians of Transylvania think that he whose shadow is thus <a href="/wiki/Immurement" title="Immurement">immured</a> will die within forty days; so persons passing by a building which is in course of erection may hear a warning cry, Beware lest they take thy shadow! Not long ago there were still shadow-traders whose business it was to provide architects with the shadows necessary for securing their walls. In these cases the measure of the shadow is looked on as equivalent to the shadow itself, and to bury it is to bury the life or soul of the man, who, deprived of it, must die. Thus the custom is a substitute for the old practice of immuring a living person in the walls, or crushing him under the foundation-stone of a new building, in order to give strength and durability to the structure, or more definitely in order that the <a href="/wiki/Angry_ghost" class="mw-redirect" title="Angry ghost">angry ghost</a> may haunt the place and guard it against the intrusion of enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Ancient Japanese legends talk about <a href="/wiki/Hitobashira" title="Hitobashira">Hitobashira</a> (人柱, "human pillar"), in which maidens were buried alive at the base or near some constructions as a prayer to ensure the buildings against disasters or enemy attacks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Freemasonry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemasons</a> sometimes performed the public cornerstone laying ceremony for notable buildings. This ceremony was described by The Cork Examiner of 13 January 1865 as follows: </p> <blockquote><p>...The Deputy Provincial Grand Master of Munster, applying the golden square and level to the stone said ; " My Lord Bishop, the stone has been proved and found to be 'fair work and square work' and fit to be laid as the foundation stone of this Holy Temple".' After this, Bishop Gregg spread cement over the stone with a trowel specially made for the occasion by John Hawkesworth, a silversmith and a jeweller. He then gave the stone three knocks with a mallet and declared the stone to be 'duly and truly laid'. The Deputy Provincial Grand Master of Munster poured offerings of corn, oil and wine over the stone after Bishop Gregg had declared it to be 'duly and truly laid'. The Provincial Grand Chaplain of the Masonic Order in Munster then read out the following prayer: 'May the Great Architect of the universe enable us as successfully to carry out and finish this work. May He protect the workmen from danger and accident, and long preserve the structure from decay; and may He grant us all our needed supply, the corn of nourishment, the wine of refreshment, and the oil of joy, Amen. So mote it be.' The choir and congregation then sang the <a href="/wiki/Old_Hundredth" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Hundredth">Hundredth Psalm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>The initiate (Entered <a href="/wiki/Apprentice" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprentice">Apprentice</a>) in Freemasonry is placed in the north-east corner of the Lodge as a figurative foundation stone.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is intended to signify the unity of the North associated with darkness and the East associated with light.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_usage">Contemporary usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contemporary usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornerstone_of_old_building,_Los_Angeles_Central_Library,_laid_1925,_photographed_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cornerstone_of_old_building%2C_Los_Angeles_Central_Library%2C_laid_1925%2C_photographed_2012.jpg/220px-Cornerstone_of_old_building%2C_Los_Angeles_Central_Library%2C_laid_1925%2C_photographed_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cornerstone_of_old_building%2C_Los_Angeles_Central_Library%2C_laid_1925%2C_photographed_2012.jpg/330px-Cornerstone_of_old_building%2C_Los_Angeles_Central_Library%2C_laid_1925%2C_photographed_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cornerstone_of_old_building%2C_Los_Angeles_Central_Library%2C_laid_1925%2C_photographed_2012.jpg/440px-Cornerstone_of_old_building%2C_Los_Angeles_Central_Library%2C_laid_1925%2C_photographed_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3304" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>Ceremonial masonry stone of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Central_Library" title="Los Angeles Central Library">Los Angeles Central Library</a> building, laid in 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>Normally, a <a href="/wiki/Very_Important_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="Very Important Person">VIP</a> of the organization, or a local <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">celebrity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Community_leader" title="Community leader">community leader</a>, will be invited to conduct the ceremony of figuratively beginning the foundations of the building, with the person's name and official position and the date usually being recorded on the stone. This person is usually asked to place their hand on the stone or otherwise signify its laying. </p><p>Often still, and certainly until the 1970s, most ceremonies involved the use of a specially manufactured and engraved <a href="/wiki/Trowel" title="Trowel">trowel</a> that had a formal use in laying <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">mortar</a> under the stone. Similarly, a special <a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">hammer</a> was often used to ceremonially tap the stone into place. </p><p>The foundation stone often has a cavity into which is placed a <a href="/wiki/Time_capsule" title="Time capsule">time capsule</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers">newspapers</a> of the day or week of the ceremony plus other <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a> that are typical of the period of the construction: <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a> of the year may also be immured in the cavity or time capsule.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical">Ecclesiastical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SPaulo_foundation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SPaulo_foundation.jpg/220px-SPaulo_foundation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SPaulo_foundation.jpg/330px-SPaulo_foundation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SPaulo_foundation.jpg/440px-SPaulo_foundation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Cornerstone of the <a href="/wiki/Ruins_of_Saint_Paul%27s" title="Ruins of Saint Paul's">Church of Saint Paul in Macau</a> (1602).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BywaterStVincentCornerstone2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BywaterStVincentCornerstone2.jpg/220px-BywaterStVincentCornerstone2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BywaterStVincentCornerstone2.jpg/330px-BywaterStVincentCornerstone2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BywaterStVincentCornerstone2.jpg/440px-BywaterStVincentCornerstone2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="2049" /></a><figcaption>Cornerstone at <a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_De_Paul_Roman_Catholic_Church_(New_Orleans)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vincent De Paul Roman Catholic Church (New Orleans)">St. Vincent De Paul Roman Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> (1866)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication of churches</a></div> <p>A cornerstone (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Άκρογωνιεîς, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Primarii Lapidis) will sometimes be referred to as a "foundation-stone", and is symbolic of Christ, whom the <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Apostle Paul</a> referred to as the "head of the corner" and is the "Chief Cornerstone of the Church" (<a href="/wiki/Ephesians_2:20" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephesians 2:20">Ephesians 2:20</a>). A chief or head cornerstone is placed above two walls to keep them together and prevent the building from falling apart. Many of the more ancient churches will place <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a>, in the foundation stone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Roman_Catholic_Churches">Western Roman Catholic Churches</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Western Roman Catholic Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the pre-<a href="/wiki/Vatican_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican II">Vatican II</a> rite of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>: Before the construction of a new church begins, the foundations of the building are clearly marked out and a wooden cross is set up to indicate where the altar will stand. Once preparations have been made, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>—or a priest delegated by him for that purpose—will bless <a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">holy water</a> and with it sprinkle first the cross that was erected and then the foundation stone itself. Upon the stone he is directed to engrave crosses on each side with a knife, and then pronounce the following prayer: "Bless, O Lord, this creature of stone (<i>creaturam istam lapidis</i>) and grant by the invocation of Thy holy name that all who with a pure mind shall lend aid to the building of this church may obtain soundness of body and the healing of their souls. Through Christ Our Lord, Amen."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this, the <a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Saints" title="Litany of the Saints">Litany of the Saints</a> is said, followed by an <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphon</a> and Psalm 126 (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#127:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 127</a> in the Hebrew numbering), which appropriately begins with the verse, "Unless the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it". Then the stone is lowered into its place with another prayer and again sprinkled with holy water. More antiphons and psalms follow, while the bishop sprinkles the foundations, dividing them into three sections and ending each with a special prayer. Finally, <i><a href="/wiki/Veni_Creator_Spiritus" title="Veni Creator Spiritus">Veni Creator Spiritus</a></i> is sung, and two short prayers. Then the bishop, if he deems it opportune, sits down and exhorts the people to contribute to the construction, appointments and maintenance of the new church, after which he dismisses them with his blessing and the proclamation of an <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cathen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Churches">Eastern Churches</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eastern Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2005hrest05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2005hrest05.jpg/220px-2005hrest05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2005hrest05.jpg/330px-2005hrest05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2005hrest05.jpg/440px-2005hrest05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>The ceremony of laying the cornerstone of a church in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> the <a href="/wiki/Blessing" title="Blessing">blessing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> must be obtained before construction on a new church may commence, and any clergyman who ventures to do so without a blessing can be <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposition (politics)">deposed</a>. The "Rite of the Foundation of a Church" (i.e., the laying of the cornerstone) will differ slightly depending on whether the church is to be constructed of wood or of stone. Even when a church is built of wood, the cornerstone must in fact be made of stone. </p><p>The cornerstone is a solid stone cube upon which a cross has been carved. Below the cross, the following words are inscribed: </p> <blockquote> <p>In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, this church is founded, in honour and memory of (<i>here the name of the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the new church is inserted</i>); in the rule of (<i>here the name of the ruler is inserted</i>); in the episcopacy of (<i>here the name of the bishop is inserted</i>); in the Year of the World _____ (<a href="/wiki/Aetos_Kosmou" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetos Kosmou">Anno Mundi</a>), and from the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Birth in the flesh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">God the Word</a> _____ (<a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>). </p> </blockquote> <p>In the top of the stone a cross-shaped space is hollowed out into which relics may be placed. Relics are not required, but they are normally placed in the cornerstone. If no relics are inserted in the stone, the inscription may be omitted, but not the cross. </p><p>After the foundations for the new church have been dug and all preparations finished, the bishop (or his deputy) with the other clergy vest and form a <a href="/wiki/Crucession" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucession">crucession</a> to the building site. The service begins with a <a href="/wiki/Moleben" class="mw-redirect" title="Moleben">moleben</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_water#Eastern_Christians" title="Holy water">blessing of holy water</a>. Then a cross is erected in the place where the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">Holy Table</a> (altar) will stand, and the cornerstone is consecrated and set in place.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_sema" title="Bai sema">Bai sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_plate" title="Builder's plate">Builder's plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builders%27_rites" title="Builders' rites">Builders' rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Church architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datestone" title="Datestone">Datestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedication_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dedication stone">Dedication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_deposit" title="Foundation deposit">Foundation deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_spike" title="Golden spike">Golden spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_(architecture)" title="Keystone (architecture)">Keystone (architecture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quoin" title="Quoin">Quoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phurba" title="Phurba">Phurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerium" title="Pomerium">Pomerium</a></li> <li>Related <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> parts: <a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">Psalm 127</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_28" title="Isaiah 28">Isaiah 28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luke_20" title="Luke 20">Luke 20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romans_9" title="Romans 9">Romans 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ephesians_2" title="Ephesians 2">Ephesians 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Peter_2" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Peter 2">1 Peter 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stump_capping" class="mw-redirect" title="Stump capping">Stump capping</a>, an alternative in timber buildings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topping_out" title="Topping out">Topping out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">Votive offering</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJarvis2002" class="citation cs2">Jarvis, William E. (2002), <i>Time Capsules: A Cultural History</i>, McFarland & Company, p. 105, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1261-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1261-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-1261-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+Capsules%3A+A+Cultural+History&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1261-7&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastingsSelbie,_John_AlexanderGray,_Louis_Herbert1914" class="citation cs2">Hastings, James; Selbie, John Alexander; Gray, Louis Herbert (1914), <i>Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics</i>, vol. VI, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 863</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Religion+and+Ethics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=863&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Selbie%2C+John+Alexander&rft.au=Gray%2C+Louis+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazer2004" class="citation book cs1">Frazer, James George (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SmSqmPSFzw8C&q=foundation+stone+animal+sacrifice&pg=PA106"><i>The Golden Bough</i></a>. NuVision Publications, LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781595473837" title="Special:BookSources/9781595473837"><bdi>9781595473837</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-07</span></span> – via Google Boeken.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Bough&rft.pub=NuVision+Publications%2C+LLC&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781595473837&rft.aulast=Frazer&rft.aufirst=James+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSmSqmPSFzw8C%26q%3Dfoundation%2Bstone%2Banimal%2Bsacrifice%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corkpastandpresent.ie/mapsimages/corkphotographs/michaelolearyphotos/saintfinbarrescathedral">"Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral > Cork Past and Present"</a>. Corkpastandpresent.ie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Fin+Barre%27s+Cathedral+%3E+Cork+Past+and+Present&rft.pub=Corkpastandpresent.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkpastandpresent.ie%2Fmapsimages%2Fcorkphotographs%2Fmichaelolearyphotos%2Fsaintfinbarrescathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, Malcolm C. <i>Duncan's Ritual of Freemasonry</i> David McKay Company, NY</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKey1994" class="citation book cs1">MacKey, Albert Gallatin (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lATeh8L-osMC&q=In+ancient+buildings,+the+foundation+stone+was+placed+at+the+north-east+corner+of+the+structure.&pg=PA164"><i>Symbolism of Freemasonry: Its Science, Philosophy, Legends, Myths, and Symbolism</i></a>. Kessinger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781564594693" title="Special:BookSources/9781564594693"><bdi>9781564594693</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-07</span></span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbolism+of+Freemasonry%3A+Its+Science%2C+Philosophy%2C+Legends%2C+Myths%2C+and+Symbolism&rft.pub=Kessinger&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781564594693&rft.aulast=MacKey&rft.aufirst=Albert+Gallatin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlATeh8L-osMC%26q%3DIn%2Bancient%2Bbuildings%2C%2Bthe%2Bfoundation%2Bstone%2Bwas%2Bplaced%2Bat%2Bthe%2Bnorth-east%2Bcorner%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bstructure.%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleisner1970" class="citation web cs1">Kleisner, Tomas (1970-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/434349">"An Unknown Medal for the Foundation of Susice Monastery, 1651 | Tomas Kleisner"</a>. Academia.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Unknown+Medal+for+the+Foundation+of+Susice+Monastery%2C+1651+%26%23124%3B+Tomas+Kleisner&rft.pub=Academia.edu&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft.aulast=Kleisner&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F434349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pontifical#Pontificale_-_service_book" title="Pontifical">Pontificale Romanum</a>, Fasc. III, "De Benedictione et Impositione primarii Lapidis pro Ecclesia aedificanda"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cathen-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cathen_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1912" class="citation cs2">Thurston, Herbert (1912), "Corner Stone", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14303a.htm"><i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a>, vol. XIV, New York: Robert Appleton Company<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corner+Stone&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14303a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHapgood1975" class="citation cs2">Hapgood, Isabel (1975), "The Office Used at the Founding of a Church (the Laying of the Corner-Stone)", <i>Service Book of the Holy Orthodox-Catholic Apostolic Church</i> (5th ed.), <a href="/wiki/Englewood,_NJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Englewood, NJ">Englewood, NJ</a>: <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America">Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese</a>, p. 479</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Office+Used+at+the+Founding+of+a+Church+%28the+Laying+of+the+Corner-Stone%29&rft.btitle=Service+Book+of+the+Holy+Orthodox-Catholic+Apostolic+Church&rft.place=Englewood%2C+NJ&rft.pages=479&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Antiochian+Orthodox+Christian+Archdiocese&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Hapgood&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokolof2001" class="citation cs2">Sokolof, Archpriest D. (2001), "The Order of the Consecration of a Church", <i>A Manual of the Orthodox Church's Divine Services (3rd printing, re-edited)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanville,_New_York" title="Jordanville, New York">Jordanville, NY</a>: Printshop of St. <a href="/wiki/Job_of_Pochaev" class="mw-redirect" title="Job of Pochaev">Job of Pochaev</a>, p. 136</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+the+Consecration+of+a+Church&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+the+Orthodox+Church%27s+Divine+Services+%283rd+printing%2C+re-edited%29&rft.place=Jordanville%2C+NY&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Printshop+of+St.+Job+of+Pochaev&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Sokolof&rft.aufirst=Archpriest+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornerstone&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Malankara_Syriac_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church">Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Corner Stone"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Corner_Stone">"Corner Stone" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corner+Stone&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACornerstone" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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