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<ul id="toc-Definitions_in_ancient_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definitions_in_Portugal,_Spain,_the_rest_of_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions_in_Portugal,_Spain,_the_rest_of_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Definitions in Portugal, Spain, the rest of Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitions_in_Portugal,_Spain,_the_rest_of_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definitions_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Definitions in the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitions_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hispanic</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" > 21 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هسبان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هسبان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanos" title="Hispanos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hispanos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanics" title="Hispanics – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hispanics" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hispanic" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanics" title="Hispanics – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hispanics" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanos" title="Hispanos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hispanos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="هیسپانیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیسپانیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%A8%EB%8B%89" title="히스패닉 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히스패닉" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanik" title="Hispanik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hispanik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="היספנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היספנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanicus" title="Hispanicus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hispanicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Хиспано – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хиспано" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ヒスパニック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒスパニック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisp%C3%A2nicos" title="Hispânicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hispânicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hispanic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ھیسپانیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیسپانیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Хиспано – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хиспано" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano" title="Hispano – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hispano" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanik" title="Hispanik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hispanik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96" title="Латиноамериканеці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латиноамериканеці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the term referring to the people of Spanish-speaking cultures. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hispanic (disambiguation)">Hispanic (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(demonym)" title="Latino (demonym)">Latino (demonym)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hispano" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hispano_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hispano (disambiguation)">Hispano (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Hispanics</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Hispanos</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a> · <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Africa" title="Hispanic Africa">Hispanic Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The term Hispanic (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: hispano) refers to people, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish culture">cultures</a>, or countries related to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanidad</a> broadly.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> In some contexts, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">especially within the United States</a>, "Hispanic" is used as an <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Meta-ethnicity" title="Meta-ethnicity">meta-ethnic</a> term.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The term commonly applies to <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> and Spanish-speaking (<a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanophone</a>) populations and countries in <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a> (the continent) and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Africa" title="Hispanic Africa">Hispanic Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">disputed territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>), which were formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> due to colonization mainly between the 16th and 20th centuries. The cultures of Hispanophone countries outside Spain have been influenced as well by the local <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Hispanic cultures</a> or other foreign influences. There was also Spanish influence in the former <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marianas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas">Marianas</a>, and other nations. However, Spanish is not a predominant language in these regions and, as a result, their inhabitants are not usually considered Hispanic. Hispanic culture is a set of customs, traditions, beliefs, and art forms in music, literature, dress, architecture, cuisine, and other cultural fields that are generally shared by peoples in Hispanic regions, but which can vary considerably from one country or territory to another. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> is the main cultural element shared by Hispanic peoples.<a href="#cite_note-Federal_Highway_Administration-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-SBA_8005-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> The term Hispanic derives from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> word Hispanicus, the adjectival derivation of Hispania, which means of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a> origin.<a href="#cite_note-Harper-7">[7]</a> In English the word is attested from the 16th century (and in the late 19th century in American English).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The words Spain, Spanish, and Spaniard are of the same etymology as Hispanus, ultimately.<a href="#cite_note-Harper-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Busto_de_un_joven_-_siglo_II_d._C._-_Museo_de_Valladolid_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Busto_de_un_joven_-_siglo_II_d._C._-_Museo_de_Valladolid_%282%29.jpg/220px-Busto_de_un_joven_-_siglo_II_d._C._-_Museo_de_Valladolid_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Busto_de_un_joven_-_siglo_II_d._C._-_Museo_de_Valladolid_%282%29.jpg/330px-Busto_de_un_joven_-_siglo_II_d._C._-_Museo_de_Valladolid_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Busto_de_un_joven_-_siglo_II_d._C._-_Museo_de_Valladolid_%282%29.jpg/440px-Busto_de_un_joven_-_siglo_II_d._C._-_Museo_de_Valladolid_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">Bust</a> of a young <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispano-Roman</a> man, <a href="/wiki/2nd_century" title="2nd century">2nd century</a>.</figcaption></figure> Hispanus was the Latin name given to a person from Hispania during <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman rule</a>. The ancient Roman <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>, which roughly comprised what is currently called the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, included the contemporary states of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territory">British Overseas Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In English, the term Hispano-Roman is sometimes used.<a href="#cite_note-Pohl-12">[12]</a> The Hispano-Romans were composed of people from many different <a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Indigenous tribes</a>, in addition to colonists from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Some famous Hispani (plural of Hispanus) and Hispaniensis were the emperors <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a>, the poets <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Annaeus_Lucanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Annaeus Lucanus">Marcus Annaeus Lucanus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prudentius" title="Prudentius">Prudentius</a>, the philosophers <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Elder" title="Seneca the Elder">Seneca the Elder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a>, and the usurper <a href="/wiki/Maximus_of_Hispania" title="Maximus of Hispania">Maximus of Hispania</a>. A number of these men, such as Trajan, Hadrian and others, were in fact descended from Roman colonial families.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Here follows a comparison of several terms related to Hispanic: <ul><li>Hispania was the name of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>/Iberia from the 3rd century BC to the 8th AD, both as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> province and immediately thereafter as a <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigothic kingdom">Visigothic kingdom</a>, 5th–8th century.</li> <li>Hispano-Roman is used to refer to the culture and people of Hispania, both during the Roman period and subsequent Visigothic period.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Merriam_Webster_Online-20">[20]</a></li> <li>Hispanic is used to refer to modern Spain, to the Spanish language, and to the Spanish-speaking nations of the world, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Merriam_Webster_Online-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li>Spanish is used to refer to the people, nationality, culture, language and other things of Spain.</li> <li>Spaniard is used to refer to the people of Spain.</li></ul> Hispania was divided into two provinces: <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Citerior" title="Hispania Citerior">Hispania Citerior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Ulterior" title="Hispania Ulterior">Hispania Ulterior</a>. In 27 BC, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Lusitania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispania Lusitania">Hispania Lusitania</a>, while Hispania Citerior was renamed <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a>. This division of Hispania explains the usage of the singular and plural forms (Spain, and The Spains) used to refer to the peninsula and its kingdoms in the Middle Ages.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Before the marriage of Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a> in 1469, the four Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula—the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a>—were collectively called The Spains. This revival of the old Roman concept in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> appears to have originated in <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provençal</a>, and was first documented at the end of the 11th century. In the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>, the four kingdoms shared one vote. The terms Spain and the Spains were not interchangeable.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Spain was a <a href="/wiki/Geographic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic region">geographic territory</a>, home to several kingdoms (Christian and Muslim), with separate governments, laws, languages, religions, and customs, and was the historical remnant of the Hispano-Gothic unity.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Spain was not a political entity until much later, and when referring to the Middle Ages, one should not be confounded with the nation-state of today.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The term The Spains referred specifically to a collective of juridico-political units, first the Christian kingdoms, and then the different kingdoms ruled by the same king. Illustrative of this fact is the historical ecclesiastical title of <a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_the_Spains" title="Primacy of the Spains">Primate of the Spains</a>, traditionally claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Braga" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga">Archbishop of Braga</a>, a Portuguese prelate. With the <a href="/wiki/Decretos_de_Nueva_Planta" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretos de Nueva Planta">Decretos de Nueva Planta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> started to organize the fusion of his kingdoms that until then were ruled as distinct and independent, but this unification process lacked a formal and juridic proclamation.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Although colloquially and literally the expression "King of Spain" or "King of the Spains" was already widespread,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> it did not refer to a unified nation-state. It was only in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">the constitution of 1812</a> that was adopted the name Españas (Spains) for the Spanish nation and the use of the title of "king of the Spains".<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">The constitution of 1876</a> adopts for the first time the name "Spain" for the Spanish nation and from then on the kings would use the title of "king of Spain".<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mestiso_1770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mestiso_1770.jpg/220px-Mestiso_1770.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mestiso_1770.jpg/330px-Mestiso_1770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mestiso_1770.jpg/440px-Mestiso_1770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>1770 painting of a mixed-race family from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a>. As a result of the significant mixing of populations during this time, the term "Hispanic" is often considered independent of racial background.</figcaption></figure> The expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> between 1492 and 1898 brought thousands of Spanish migrants to the conquered lands, who established settlements, mainly in the Americas, but also in other distant parts of the world (as in the Philippines, the lone Spanish territory in Asia), producing a number of multiracial populations. Today, the varied populations of these places, including those with Spanish ancestry, are also designated as Hispanic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitions_in_ancient_Rome">Definitions in ancient Rome</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definitions in ancient Rome">edit</a>]</div> The Latin gentile adjectives that belong to Hispania are Hispanus, Hispanicus, and Hispaniensis. A Hispanus is someone who is a native of Hispania with no foreign parents, while children born in Hispania of Roman parents were Hispanienses. Hispaniensis means 'connected in some way to Hispania', as in "Exercitus Hispaniensis" ('the Spanish army') or "mercatores Hispanienses" ('Spanish merchants'). Hispanicus implies 'of' or 'belonging to' Hispania or the Hispanus or of their fashion as in "gladius Hispanicus".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The gentile adjectives were not ethnolinguistic but derived primarily on a geographic basis, from the toponym Hispania as the people of Hispania spoke different languages, although Titus Livius (<a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>) said they could all understand each other, not making clear if they spoke dialects of the same language or were polyglots.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The first recorded use of an <a href="/wiki/Anthroponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthroponym">anthroponym</a> derived from the toponym Hispania is attested in one of the five fragments, of <a href="/wiki/Ennius" title="Ennius">Ennius</a> in 236 BC who wrote "Hispane, non Romane memoretis loqui me" ("Remember that I speak like a Hispanic not a Roman") as having been said by a native of Hispania.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitions_in_Portugal,_Spain,_the_rest_of_Europe">Definitions in Portugal, Spain, the rest of Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definitions in Portugal, Spain, the rest of Europe">edit</a>]</div> In Portugal, Hispanic refers to something historical related to ancient Hispania (especially the terms Hispano-Roman and Hispania) or the Spanish language and cultures shared by all the Spanish-speaking countries.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Although sharing the etymology for the word (pt: hispânico, es: hispánico), the definition for Hispanic is different between Portugal and Spain. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> (Spanish: Real Academia Española, RAE), the official royal institution responsible for regulating the Spanish language defines the terms "hispano" and "hispánico" (which in Spain have slightly different meanings) as:<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Hispano: <ul><li>1. A native of Hispania [Roman region]</li> <li>2. Belonging or relating to Hispania</li> <li>3. Spanish, as applied to a person</li> <li>4. Of or pertaining to <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></li> <li>5. Of or pertaining to the population of Hispanic American origin who live in the United States of America</li> <li>6. A person of this origin who lives in the United States of America</li></ul> Hispánico <ul><li>1. Belonging or relating to ancient Hispania or the people inhabiting the region</li> <li>2. Belonging or relating to Spain and Spanish-speaking countries</li></ul> The modern term to identify Portuguese and Spanish territories under a single nomenclature is "Iberian", and the one to refer to cultures derived from both countries in the Americas is "Iberian-American". These designations can be mutually recognized by people in Portugal and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. "Hispanic" is totally void of any self-identification in Brazil, and quite to the contrary, serves the purpose of marking a clear distinction in relation to neighboring countries' culture. Brazilians may identify as Latin Americans, but refute being considered Hispanics because their language and culture are neither part of the Hispanic cultural sphere, nor Spanish-speaking world. In Spanish, the term "hispano", as in "hispanoamericano", refers to the people of Spanish origin who live in the Americas and to a relationship to Spain or to the Spanish language. There are people in Hispanic America that are not of Spanish origin, such as Amerindians- the original people of these areas, as well as Africans and people with origins from other parts of Europe. Like in Portugal, in the rest of Europe (and wider world) the concept of 'Hispanic' refers to historical ancient Hispania (especially the term Hispano-Roman and Hispania during the Roman Empire) or the Spanish language and cultures shared by all the Spanish-speaking countries.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitions_in_the_United_States">Definitions in the United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Definitions in the United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in the United States">Ethnic groups in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hispanic and Latino Americans">History of Hispanic and Latino Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race and ethnicity in the United States Census</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_(ethnic_categories)" title="Hispanic and Latino (ethnic categories)">Hispanic and Latino (ethnic categories)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish-American_boy,_Chamisal,_New_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico.jpg/220px-Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico.jpg/330px-Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico.jpg/440px-Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7063" data-file-height="8670" /></a><figcaption>Hispanic boy from <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, 1940 photograph.</figcaption></figure> Both Hispanic and <a href="/wiki/Latino_(demonym)" title="Latino (demonym)">Latino</a> are widely used in American English for Spanish-speaking people and their descendants in the United States. While Hispanic refers to Spanish speakers overall, <a href="/wiki/Latino_(demonym)" title="Latino (demonym)">Latino</a> refers specifically to people of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> descent. Hispanic can also be used for the people and culture of Spain as well as Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-English_Usage-42">[42]</a> While originally the term Hispanic referred primarily to the <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos of New Mexico</a> within the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cobos-1-43">[43]</a> today, organizations in the country use the term as a broad catchall to refer to persons with a historical and cultural relationship with Spain regardless of race and ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-Federal_Highway_Administration-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-SBA_8005-6">[6]</a> The United States Census Bureau uses Hispanic or Latino to refer to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race <a href="#cite_note-census.gov-44">[44]</a> and states that Hispanics or Latinos can be of any race and any ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Because of the technical distinctions involved in defining "race" vs. "ethnicity", there is confusion among the general population about the designation of Hispanic identity. Currently, the United States Census Bureau defines six race categories:<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <ul><li>White or Caucasian</li> <li>Black or African American</li> <li>American Indian or Alaska Native</li> <li>Asian</li> <li>Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander</li> <li>Some Other Race</li></ul> A 1997 notice by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> defined Hispanic or Latino persons as being "persons who trace their origin or descent to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Central and South America, and other Spanish cultures."<a href="#cite_note-omb-47">[47]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">United States Census</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonyms</a> Hispanic or Latino to refer to "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Hispanic culture or origin regardless of race."<a href="#cite_note-census.gov-44">[44]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a> asked if the person was "Spanish/Hispanic/Latino". The <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">United States census</a> uses the Hispanic or Latino to refer to "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race."<a href="#cite_note-census.gov-44">[44]</a> The Census Bureau also explains that "[o]rigin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person's ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino or Spanish may be of any race."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a> defines Hispanic as, "persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race."<a href="#cite_note-Federal_Highway_Administration-5">[5]</a> This definition has been adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Administration" title="Small Business Administration">Small Business Administration</a> as well as by many federal, state, and municipal agencies for the purposes of awarding government contracts to minority owned businesses.<a href="#cite_note-SBA_8005-6">[6]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Caucus" title="Congressional Hispanic Caucus">Congressional Hispanic Caucus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Congressional Hispanic Conference</a> include representatives of Spanish and Portuguese, Puerto Rican and Mexican descent. The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Society_of_America" title="Hispanic Society of America">Hispanic Society of America</a> is dedicated to the study of the arts and cultures of the Hispanic and <a href="/wiki/Lusitanics" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusitanics">Lusitanic world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Association_of_Colleges_and_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities">Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities</a>, proclaimed champions of Hispanic success in higher education, is committed to Hispanic educational success in the United States, and the Hispanic and Lusitanic world. The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a> encourages any individual who believes that he or she is Hispanic to self-identify as Hispanic.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a> – <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Federal_Contract_Compliance_Programs" title="Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs">Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs</a> encourages the same self-identification. As a result, individuals with origins to part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> may self-identify as Hispanic, because an employer may not override an individual's self-identification.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970 census</a> was the first time that a "Hispanic" identifier was used and data collected with the question. The definition of "Hispanic" has been modified in each successive census.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In a recent study, most Spanish speakers of Spanish or Hispanic American descent do not prefer the term Hispanic or Latino when it comes to describing their identity. Instead, they prefer to be identified by their country of origin. When asked if they have a preference for either being identified as Hispanic or Latino, the Pew study finds that "half (51%) say they have no preference for either term."<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Among those who do express a preference, "'Hispanic' is preferred over 'Latino' by more than a two-to-one margin—33% versus 14%." 21% prefer to be referred to simply as "Americans". A majority (51%) say they most often identify themselves by their family's country of origin, while 24% say they prefer a pan-ethnic label such as Hispanic or Latino.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize" title="Miguel de Cervantes Prize">Miguel de Cervantes Prize</a> is awarded to Hispanic writers, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Grammy Award">Latin Grammy Award</a> recognizes Hispanic musicians, and the Platino Awards as given to outstanding Hispanic films. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Music of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latin_America" title="Music of Latin America">Music of Latin America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_music_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin music (genre)">Latin music (genre)</a></div> Folk and popular dance and music also varies greatly among Hispanics. For instance, the music from Spain is a lot different from the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic American</a>, although there is a high grade of exchange between both continents. In addition, due to the high national development of the diverse <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain" title="Nationalities and regions of Spain">nationalities and regions of Spain</a>, there is a lot of music in the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">different languages of the Peninsula</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, mainly). See, for instance, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Catalonia" title="Music of Catalonia">Music of Catalonia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rock_catal%C3%A0" title="Rock català">Rock català</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Galicia,_Cantabria_and_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias">Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Basque_music" title="Basque music">Basque music</a>. <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> is also a very popular music style in Spain, especially in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>. Spanish ballads "romances" can be traced in Argentina as "milongas", same structure but different scenarios. On the other side of the ocean, Hispanic America is also home to a wide variety of music, even though Latin music is often erroneously thought of, as a single genre. Hispanic Caribbean music tends to favor complex polyrhythms of African origin. <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican music</a> shows combined influences of mostly European and Native American origin, while traditional Northern Mexican music—<a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">norteño</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">banda</a>— <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a>, has influence from polka music brought by <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> settlers to <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> which later influenced western music. The music of Hispanic Americans—such as <a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">tejano music</a>—has influences in <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">pop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> as well as traditional Mexican music such as <a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a>. Meanwhile, native <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andean</a> sounds and melodies are the backbone of Peruvian and Bolivian music, but also play a significant role in the popular music of most South American countries and are heavily incorporated into the folk music of Ecuador and the tunes of Colombia, and in Chile where they play a fundamental role in the form of the greatly followed <a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">nueva canción</a>. In U.S. communities of immigrants from these countries it is common to hear these styles. <a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock en español</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin hip hop">Latin hip-hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(dance)" title="Salsa (dance)">Salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merengue_(dance)" title="Merengue (dance)">Merengue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(dance)" title="Bachata (dance)">Bachata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> styles tend to appeal to the broader Hispanic population, and varieties of Cuban music are popular with many Hispanics of all backgrounds. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic literature">Hispanic literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal_of_the_Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Medal_of_the_Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize.svg/180px-Medal_of_the_Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Medal_of_the_Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize.svg/270px-Medal_of_the_Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Medal_of_the_Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize.svg/360px-Medal_of_the_Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize" title="Miguel de Cervantes Prize">Miguel de Cervantes Prize</a>, most prestigious literary award in the Spanish language</figcaption></figure> Spanish-language literature and folklore is very rich and is influenced by a variety of countries. There are thousands of writers from many places, and dating from the Middle Ages to the present. Some of the most recognized writers are: <ul><li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Calderón de la Barca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Federico García Lorca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Miguel de Unamuno</a>,</li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a>,</li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a>,</li> <li>U.S.: <a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">George Santayana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Ulibarri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabine Ulibarri">Sabine Ulibarri</a>,</li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>,</li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Pombo" title="Rafael Pombo">Rafael Pombo</a>,</li> <li>Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Horacio_Quiroga" title="Horacio Quiroga">Horacio Quiroga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Peri_Rossi" title="Cristina Peri Rossi">Cristina Peri Rossi</a>,</li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Gallegos" title="Rómulo Gallegos">Rómulo Gallegos</a>,</li> <li>Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Dar%C3%ADo" title="Rubén Darío">Rubén Darío</a>,</li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciro_Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Ciro Alegría">Ciro Alegría</a></li> <li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Luisa_Valenzuela" title="Luisa Valenzuela">Luisa Valenzuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar" title="Julio Cortázar">Julio Cortázar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Sabato" title="Ernesto Sabato">Ernesto Sabato</a></li> <li>Honduras: Roberto Quesada,</li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a>,</li> <li>Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Henr%C3%ADquez_Ure%C3%B1a" title="Pedro Henríquez Ureña">Pedro Henríquez Ureña</a>,</li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Tom%C3%A1s_%C3%81vila_Laurel" title="Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel">Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel</a>,</li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Garcia_Monge" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquin Garcia Monge">Joaquin Garcia Monge</a> and</li> <li>Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Le%C3%B3n_Mera" title="Juan León Mera">Juan León Mera</a>.</li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal">Jose Rizal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Rodriguez_Varela" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Rodriguez Varela">Luis Rodriguez Varela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Balmori" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Balmori">Jesus Balmori</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> In the majority of the Hispanic countries, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> is the most popular sport. The men's national teams of Argentina, Uruguay and Spain have won the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> a total six times. The Spanish <a href="/wiki/La_Liga" title="La Liga">La Liga</a> is one of the most popular in the world, known for <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">FC Barcelona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Madrid">Real Madrid</a>. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n" title="Argentine Primera División">Argentine Primera División</a> is one of the strongest leagues in the Americas. However, <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> is the most popular sport in some Central American and Caribbean countries (especially Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico,Nicaragua and Venezuela), as well as in the diaspora in the United States. Notable Hispanic teams in early baseball are the <a href="/wiki/All_Cubans" title="All Cubans">All Cubans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Stars_(West)" title="Cuban Stars (West)">Cuban Stars</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Cubans" title="New York Cubans">New York Cubans</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Heritage_Baseball_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum">Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum</a> recognizes Hispanic baseball personalities. Nearly 30 percent (22 percent foreign-born Hispanics) of <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> players today have Hispanic heritage. Several Hispanic sportspeople have been successful worldwide, such as <a href="/wiki/Diego_Maradona" title="Diego Maradona">Diego Maradona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_di_Stefano" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo di Stefano">Alfredo di Stefano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Messi" title="Lionel Messi">Lionel Messi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Forl%C3%A1n" title="Diego Forlán">Diego Forlán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Torres" title="Fernando Torres">Fernando Torres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xavi_(footballer,_born_1980)" title="Xavi (footballer, born 1980)">Xavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Iniesta" title="Andrés Iniesta">Andrés Iniesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iker_Casillas" title="Iker Casillas">Iker Casillas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xabi_Alonso" title="Xabi Alonso">Xabi Alonso</a> (association football), <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fangio" title="Juan Manuel Fangio">Juan Manuel Fangio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Montoya" title="Juan Pablo Montoya">Juan Pablo Montoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eliseo_Salazar" title="Eliseo Salazar">Eliseo Salazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Alonso" title="Fernando Alonso">Fernando Alonso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Gen%C3%A9" title="Marc Gené">Marc Gené</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Sainz_Sr." title="Carlos Sainz Sr.">Carlos Sainz Sr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Sainz_Jr." title="Carlos Sainz Jr.">Carlos Sainz Jr.</a> (auto racing), <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Nieto" title="Ángel Nieto">Ángel Nieto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dani_Pedrosa" title="Dani Pedrosa">Dani Pedrosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Lorenzo" title="Jorge Lorenzo">Jorge Lorenzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Marc Márquez">Marc Márquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Coma" title="Marc Coma">Marc Coma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nani_Roma" title="Nani Roma">Nani Roma</a> (motorcycle racing), <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Gin%C3%B3bili" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuel Ginóbili">Emanuel Ginóbili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pau_Gasol" title="Pau Gasol">Pau Gasol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Gasol" title="Marc Gasol">Marc Gasol</a> (basketball), <a href="/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Julio César Chávez">Julio César Chávez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%BAl_%C3%81lvarez" class="mw-redirect" title="Saúl Álvarez">Saúl Álvarez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Monz%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Monzón">Carlos Monzón</a> (boxing), <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Indurain" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Indurain">Miguel Indurain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Contador" title="Alberto Contador">Alberto Contador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Botero" title="Santiago Botero">Santiago Botero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigoberto_Ur%C3%A1n" title="Rigoberto Urán">Rigoberto Urán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nairo_Quintana" title="Nairo Quintana">Nairo Quintana</a> (cycling), <a href="/wiki/Roberto_de_Vicenzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberto de Vicenzo">Roberto de Vicenzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Cabrera" title="Ángel Cabrera">Ángel Cabrera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Sergio García">Sergio García</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severiano_Ballesteros" class="mw-redirect" title="Severiano Ballesteros">Severiano Ballesteros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Olaz%C3%A1bal" title="José María Olazábal">José María Olazábal</a> (golf), <a href="/wiki/Luciana_Aymar" title="Luciana Aymar">Luciana Aymar</a> (field hockey), <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Nadal" title="Rafael Nadal">Rafael Nadal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_R%C3%ADos" title="Marcelo Ríos">Marcelo Ríos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Vilas" title="Guillermo Vilas">Guillermo Vilas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Sabatini" title="Gabriela Sabatini">Gabriela Sabatini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_del_Potro" title="Juan Martín del Potro">Juan Martín del Potro</a> (tennis). Notable Hispanic sports television networks are <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Deportes" title="ESPN Deportes">ESPN Deportes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Deportes" title="Fox Deportes">Fox Deportes</a> and <a href="/wiki/TyC_Sports" title="TyC Sports">TyC Sports</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> The Spanish and the Portuguese took the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> faith to their colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia; Catholicism remains the predominant religion amongst most Hispanics.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> A small but growing number of Hispanics belong to a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> denomination. Hispanic Christians form the <a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups" title="List of contemporary ethnic groups">largest ethno-linguistic group among Christians</a> in the world, about 18% of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">world's Christian population</a> are Hispanic (around 430 million).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In the United States, some 65% of Hispanics and Latinos report themselves Catholic and 21% Protestant, with 13% having no affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> A minority among the Catholics, about one in five, are <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">charismatics</a>. Among the Protestant, 85% are "<a href="/wiki/Born_again_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Born again (Christianity)">Born-again Christians</a>" and belong to <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> churches. Among the smallest groups, less than 4%, are Jewish. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Countries </th> <th>Population Total </th> <th width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Christians % </th> <th>Christian Population </th> <th width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Unaffiliated % </th> <th>Unaffiliated Population </th> <th width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Other religions % </th> <th>Other religions Population </th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>43,830,000</td> <td>85.4% </td> <td>37,420,000 </td> <td>12.1% </td> <td>5,320,000 </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>1,090,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>11,830,000</td> <td>94.0% </td> <td>11,120,000 </td> <td>4.1% </td> <td>480,000 </td> <td>1.9% </td> <td>230,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>18,540,000</td> <td>88.3% </td> <td>16,380,000 </td> <td>9.7% </td> <td>1,800,000 </td> <td>2.0% </td> <td>360,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>52,160,000</td> <td>92.3% </td> <td>48,150,000 </td> <td>6.7% </td> <td>3,510,000 </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>500,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>5,270,000 </td> <td>90.8% </td> <td>4,780,000 </td> <td>8.0% </td> <td>420,000 </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>70,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>11,230,000 </td> <td>58.9% </td> <td>6,610,000 </td> <td>23.2% </td> <td>2,600,000 </td> <td>17.9% </td> <td>2,020,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>11,280,000 </td> <td>88.0% </td> <td>9,930,000 </td> <td>10.9% </td> <td>1,230,000 </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>120,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>16,480,000</td> <td>94.0% </td> <td>15,490,000 </td> <td>5.6% </td> <td>920,000 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>70,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>6,670,000 </td> <td>88.0% </td> <td>5,870,000 </td> <td>11.2% </td> <td>740,000 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>60,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </td> <td>1,469,000 </td> <td>88.7% </td> <td>1,303,000 </td> <td>5.0% </td> <td>73,000 </td> <td>6.3% </td> <td>93,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>18,210,000 </td> <td>95.3% </td> <td>17,360,000 </td> <td>3.9% </td> <td>720,000 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>130,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>9,090,000 </td> <td>87.5% </td> <td>7,950,000 </td> <td>10.5% </td> <td>950,000 </td> <td>2.0% </td> <td>190,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>126,010,000 </td> <td>94.1% </td> <td>118,570,000 </td> <td>5.7% </td> <td>7,240,000 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>200,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>6,690,000 </td> <td>85.3% </td> <td>5,710,000 </td> <td>13.0% </td> <td>870,000 </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>110,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>4,020,000 </td> <td>92.7% </td> <td>3,720,000 </td> <td>5.0% </td> <td>200,000 </td> <td>2.3% </td> <td>100,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>7,630,000</td> <td>96.9% </td> <td>7,390,000 </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>90,000 </td> <td>2.0% </td> <td>150,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>32,920,000</td> <td>95.4% </td> <td>31,420,000 </td> <td>3.1% </td> <td>1,010,000 </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td>490,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>118,000,000 </td> <td>84% </td> <td>85,645,362 </td> <td>0.04043% </td> <td>43,931 </td> <td>15.3% </td> <td>18,054,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td> <td>3,790,000 </td> <td>90.5% </td> <td>3,660,000 </td> <td>7.3% </td> <td>80,000 </td> <td>2.2% </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>3,490,000</td> <td>57.0% </td> <td>1,990,000 </td> <td>41.5% </td> <td>1,450,000 </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>33,010,000</td> <td>89.5% </td> <td>29,540,000 </td> <td>9.7% </td> <td>3,220,000 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>250,000 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-58">[58]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escultura_de_la_Virgen_del_Pilar,_en_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Pilar_de_Zaragoza,_Espa%C3%B1a,_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Escultura_de_la_Virgen_del_Pilar%2C_en_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Pilar_de_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Spain.jpg/220px-Escultura_de_la_Virgen_del_Pilar%2C_en_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Pilar_de_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Escultura_de_la_Virgen_del_Pilar%2C_en_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Pilar_de_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Spain.jpg/330px-Escultura_de_la_Virgen_del_Pilar%2C_en_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Pilar_de_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Escultura_de_la_Virgen_del_Pilar%2C_en_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Pilar_de_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Spain.jpg/440px-Escultura_de_la_Virgen_del_Pilar%2C_en_la_Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Pilar_de_Zaragoza%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>The image of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" title="Our Lady of the Pillar">Our Lady of the Pillar</a> wearing her canonical crown</figcaption></figure> Among the Spanish-speaking Catholics, most communities celebrate their homeland's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>, dedicating a day for this purpose with festivals and religious services. Some Spanish-speakers in Latin America syncretize Roman Catholicism and African or Native American rituals and beliefs. Such is the case of <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, popular with <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Afro-Cubans</a>, which combines old African beliefs in the form of Roman Catholic saints and rituals. Other syncretistic beliefs include <a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curandero" title="Curandero">Curanderismo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mrt.com-60">[60]</a> In Catholic tradition, <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" title="Our Lady of the Pillar">Our Lady of the Pillar</a> is considered the Patroness of the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic people">Hispanic people</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanic world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> While a tiny minority, there are some Muslims in Latin America, in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-:LMS-62">[62]</a> and in the Philippines. Those in the Philippines live predominantly in <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> There are also Spanish-speaking <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, most of whom are the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> who migrated from Europe (German Jews, Russian Jews, Polish Jews, etc.) to Hispanic America, particularly <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> (Argentina is host to the third-largest Jewish population in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States and Canada)<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> in the 19th century and following World War II. Many Spanish-speaking Jews also originate from the small communities of reconverted descendants of <a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">anusim</a>—those whose Spanish <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jewish</a> ancestors long ago hid their Jewish ancestry and beliefs in fear of persecution by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and Ibero-America. The Spanish Inquisition led to many forced conversions of Spanish Jews. Genetic studies on the (male) <a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y-chromosome</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a> in 2008 appear to support the idea that the number of forced conversions have been previously underestimated significantly. They found that twenty percent of Spanish males have Y-chromosomes associated with Sephardic Jewish ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> This may imply that there were more forced conversions than was previously thought. There are also thought to be many Catholic-professing descendants of <a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">marranos</a> and Spanish-speaking <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">crypto-Jews</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a> and scattered through Hispanic America. Additionally, there are Sephardic Jews who are descendants of those Jews who fled Spain to Turkey, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and North Africa, some of whom have now migrated to Hispanic America, holding on to some Spanish/Sephardic customs, such as the <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> language, which mixes Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic and others, though written with Hebrew and Latin characters.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Ladinos</a> were also African slaves captive in Spain held prior to the colonial period in the Americas. (See also <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Latin America">History of the Jews in Hispanic America</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_Jews" title="List of Latin American Jews">List of Hispanic American Jews</a>.) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="424" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Hispanic and Latino American">Hispanic and Latino American portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish language in the Americas">Spanish language in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish language in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Latin American">Afro-Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerindians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindians">Amerindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Latin American">Asian Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White Latin American">White Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño Americans">Isleño Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Heritage_Sites_(U.S._National_Park_Service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic Heritage Sites (U.S. National Park Service)">Hispanic Heritage Sites (U.S. National Park Service)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic Paradox">Hispanic Paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban-American_lobby" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban-American lobby">Cuban-American lobby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhispanism" title="Panhispanism">Panhispanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanism" title="Hispanism">Hispanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Hispanic_People" title="Flag of the Hispanic People">Flag of the Hispanic People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanophobia" title="Hispanophobia">Hispanophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Culture of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Spanish Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Philippine Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_influence_on_Filipino_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic influence on Filipino culture">Hispanic influence on Filipino culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipados" title="Emancipados">Emancipados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernandinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernandinos">Fernandinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-America</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Union" title="Latin Union">Latin Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLopezKrogstadPassel" class="citation web cs1">Lopez, Mark Hugo; Krogstad, Jens Manuel; Passel, Jeffrey S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/09/15/who-is-hispanic/">"Who is Hispanic?"</a>. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 5 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Who+is+Hispanic%3F&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Mark+Hugo&rft.au=Krogstad%2C+Jens+Manuel&rft.au=Passel%2C+Jeffrey+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2022%2F09%2F15%2Fwho-is-hispanic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filosofia.org/ave/002/b033.htm">"Hispanidad"</a>. www.filosofia.org. Retrieved 5 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.filosofia.org&rft.atitle=Hispanidad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filosofia.org%2Fave%2F002%2Fb033.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLopezKrogstadPassel" class="citation web cs1">Lopez, Mark Hugo; Krogstad, Jens Manuel; Passel, Jeffrey S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/05/who-is-hispanic/">"Who is Hispanic?"</a>. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 15 October 2023. <q>In the eyes of the Census Bureau, Hispanics can be of any race, because "Hispanic" is an ethnicity and not a race.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Who+is+Hispanic%3F&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Mark+Hugo&rft.au=Krogstad%2C+Jens+Manuel&rft.au=Passel%2C+Jeffrey+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2023%2F09%2F05%2Fwho-is-hispanic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis1999" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Mike (1 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newleftreview.org/issues/i234/articles/mike-davis-magical-urbanism-latinos-reinvent-the-us-big-city">"Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the US Big City"</a>. New Left Review (I/234): 3–43. <q>... 'Hispanic,' with its emphasis on Spanish-language heritage as the foundation of meta-ethnicity...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Left+Review&rft.atitle=Magical+Urbanism%3A+Latinos+Reinvent+the+US+Big+City&rft.issue=I%2F234&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewleftreview.org%2Fissues%2Fi234%2Farticles%2Fmike-davis-magical-urbanism-latinos-reinvent-the-us-big-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Federal_Highway_Administration-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Highway_Administration_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Highway_Administration_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Highway_Administration_5-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep/guidance/superseded/49cfr26.cfm">"Archived: 49 CFR Part 26"</a>. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 19 January 2016. <q>'Hispanic Americans,' which includes persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central or South American, or other Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin, regardless of race;"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation&rft.atitle=Archived%3A+49+CFR+Part+26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fhep%2Fguidance%2Fsuperseded%2F49cfr26.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBA_8005-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SBA_8005_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBA_8005_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBA_8005_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006175409/https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/SOP_80_05_3A.pdf">"SOP 80 05 3A: Overview of the 8(A) Business Development Program"</a> (PDF). U.S. Small Business Administration. 11 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/SOP_80_05_3A.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016. <q>SBA has defined 'Hispanic American' as an individual whose ancestry and culture are rooted in South America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, or the Iberian Peninsula, including Spain and Portugal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Small+Business+Administration&rft.atitle=SOP+80+05+3A%3A+Overview+of+the+8%28A%29+Business+Development+Program&rft.date=2008-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sba.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FSOP_80_05_3A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harper-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harper_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harper_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Hispanic&searchmode=none">"Online Etymology Dictionary; Hispanic"</a>. Retrieved 10 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary%3B+Hispanic&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fsearch%3DHispanic%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> Also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Spain&searchmode=none">etymology of "Spain"</a>, on the same site. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbst1997" class="citation book cs1">Herbst, Philip (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UiZQH5gHuggC&pg=PA107">The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States</a>. Intercultural Press. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877864-97-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877864-97-1"><bdi>978-1-877864-97-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Color+of+Words%3A+An+Encyclopaedic+Dictionary+of+Ethnic+Bias+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Intercultural+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-877864-97-1&rft.aulast=Herbst&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUiZQH5gHuggC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVega2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vega, Noé Villaverde (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HdPYaA4nG8QC&pg=PA266">Tingitana en la antigüedad tardía, siglos III-VII: autoctonía y romanidad en el extremo occidente mediterráneo</a> [Tingitana in late antiquity, the III-VII centuries: the autochthonous and Roman world in the west end of the Mediterranean. Which answers the million dollar question. Portuguese people are considered to be Hispanic because of the origin of the familial background.] (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_la_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia de la Historia">Real Academia de la Historia</a>. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-89512-94-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-89512-94-8"><bdi>978-84-89512-94-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tingitana+en+la+antig%C3%BCedad+tard%C3%ADa%2C+siglos+III-VII%3A+autocton%C3%ADa+y+romanidad+en+el+extremo+occidente+mediterr%C3%A1neo&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-84-89512-94-8&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=No%C3%A9+Villaverde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHdPYaA4nG8QC%26pg%3DPA266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowersockBrownGrabar1999" class="citation book cs1">Bowersock, Glen Warren; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe">Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World</a>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe/page/504">504</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-51173-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-51173-6"><bdi>978-0-674-51173-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Antiquity%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Postclassical+World&rft.pages=504&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-674-51173-6&rft.aulast=Bowersock&rft.aufirst=Glen+Warren&rft.au=Brown%2C+Peter&rft.au=Grabar%2C+Oleg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flateantiquitygui00bowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorfis2009" class="citation book cs1">Corfis, Ivy A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=12w3qo2hkq4C&pg=PA231">Al-Andalus, Sepharad and Medieval Iberia: Cultural Contact and Diffusion</a>. BRILL. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17919-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17919-6"><bdi>978-90-04-17919-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Andalus%2C+Sepharad+and+Medieval+Iberia%3A+Cultural+Contact+and+Diffusion&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17919-6&rft.aulast=Corfis&rft.aufirst=Ivy+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D12w3qo2hkq4C%26pg%3DPA231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pohl-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Pohl_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPohlReimitz1998" class="citation book cs1">Pohl, Walter; Reimitz, Helmut (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OAZ1WNWSockC&q=Hispano-Romans&pg=PA117">Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of the Ethnic Communities, 300-800</a>. BRILL. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10846-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10846-7"><bdi>90-04-10846-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategies+of+Distinction%3A+The+Construction+of+the+Ethnic+Communities%2C+300-800&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=90-04-10846-7&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.au=Reimitz%2C+Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOAZ1WNWSockC%26q%3DHispano-Romans%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurchin2004" class="citation book cs1">Curchin, Leonard A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1134451121">The Romanization of Central Spain: Complexity, Diversity and Change in a Provincial Hinterland</a>. Routledge. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134451121" title="Special:BookSources/1134451121"><bdi>1134451121</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romanization+of+Central+Spain%3A+Complexity%2C+Diversity+and+Change+in+a+Provincial+Hinterland&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1134451121&rft.aulast=Curchin&rft.aufirst=Leonard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D1134451121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122004706/http://www.arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.pdf">"Pre-Roman Peoples and Languages of Iberia: An ethnological map of the Iberian Peninsula after the 2nd Punic War"</a> (PDF). Campo Arqueológico de Tavira. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Campo+Arqueol%C3%B3gico+de+Tavira&rft.atitle=Pre-Roman+Peoples+and+Languages+of+Iberia%3A+An+ethnological+map+of+the+Iberian+Peninsula+after+the+2nd+Punic+War&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farkeotavira.com%2FMapas%2FIberia%2FPopuli.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunstan2010" class="citation book cs1">Dunstan, William E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0742568342">Ancient Rome</a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, Inc. p. 312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742568341" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742568341"><bdi>978-0742568341</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Rome&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0742568341&rft.aulast=Dunstan&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0742568342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerivale1875" class="citation book cs1">Merivale, Charles (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageneralhistory06merigoog">A General History of Rome</a>. 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Routledge. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415349583" title="Special:BookSources/0415349583"><bdi>0415349583</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nerva+and+the+Roman+Succession+Crisis+of+AD+96-99&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0415349583&rft.aulast=Grainger&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0415349583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266981/Hispano-Roman">"Hispano-Roman"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 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Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-03773-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-03773-8"><bdi>978-0-271-03773-8</bdi></a>. 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Wiley. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-76644-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-76644-6"><bdi>978-0-470-76644-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spain%27s+Centuries+of+Crisis%3A+1300+-+1474&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.isbn=978-0-470-76644-6&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Teofilo+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDteXifpgh_UC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaruque2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baruque, Julio Valdeón (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3WoApUAccnoC&pg=PA55">Las Raices Medievales de España</a> [The medieval roots of Spain] (in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-95983-95-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-95983-95-4"><bdi>978-84-95983-95-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Las+Raices+Medievales+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-84-95983-95-4&rft.aulast=Baruque&rft.aufirst=Julio+Valde%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3WoApUAccnoC%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFernándezBaratechVicente1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fernández, Luis Suárez; Baratech, Carlos E. Corona; Vicente, José Antonio Armillas (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wLNVAv7N-_YC&pg=PA87">Historia general de España y América</a> [General History of Spain and America] (in Spanish). Ediciones Rialp. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-321-2106-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-321-2106-7"><bdi>978-84-321-2106-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+general+de+Espa%C3%B1a+y+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Ediciones+Rialp&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-84-321-2106-7&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Luis+Su%C3%A1rez&rft.au=Baratech%2C+Carlos+E.+Corona&rft.au=Vicente%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Antonio+Armillas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwLNVAv7N-_YC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaría2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">María, María Paz Andrés Sáenz de Santa (1 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f1Syv68oJnsC&pg=PA123">Homenaje a la Constitución Española: XXV aniversario</a> [Tribute to the Spanish Constitution: XXV anniversary] (in Spanish). Universidad de Oviedo. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8317-473-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8317-473-9"><bdi>978-84-8317-473-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homenaje+a+la+Constituci%C3%B3n+Espa%C3%B1ola%3A+XXV+aniversario&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Oviedo&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=978-84-8317-473-9&rft.aulast=Mar%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Paz+Andr%C3%A9s+S%C3%A1enz+de+Santa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df1Syv68oJnsC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlcalá-Zamora2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alcalá-Zamora, José N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4aYgR5YFEtAC&pg=PA137">Felipe IV: el hombre y el reinado</a> [Felipe IV: The Man and the Reign] (in Spanish). CEEH. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-934643-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-934643-0-1"><bdi>978-84-934643-0-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Felipe+IV%3A+el+hombre+y+el+reinado&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=CEEH&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-84-934643-0-1&rft.aulast=Alcal%C3%A1-Zamora&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4aYgR5YFEtAC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/c1812/12260843118006070754624/ima0138.htm">"Constitucion politica de la Monarquia Española : Promulgada en Cadiz á 19 de Marzo de 1812"</a> [Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy: Promulgated in Cadiz on 19 March 1812]. Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de+Cervantes&rft.atitle=Constitucion+politica+de+la+Monarquia+Espa%C3%B1ola+%3A+Promulgada+en+Cadiz+%C3%A1+19+de+Marzo+de+1812&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbib.cervantesvirtual.com%2Fservlet%2FSirveObras%2Fc1812%2F12260843118006070754624%2Fima0138.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuizRuizBilbao2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ruiz, Joaquín del Moral; Ruiz, Juan Pro; Bilbao, Fernando Suárez (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RaC85UYvbtIC">Estado y territorio en España, 1820–1930: la formación del paisaje nacional</a> [State and Territory in Spain, 1820–1930: The formation of the national landscape] (in Spanish). Los Libros de la Catarata. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8319-335-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8319-335-8"><bdi>978-84-8319-335-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estado+y+territorio+en+Espa%C3%B1a%2C+1820%E2%80%931930%3A+la+formaci%C3%B3n+del+paisaje+nacional&rft.pub=Los+Libros+de+la+Catarata&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-84-8319-335-8&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Joaqu%C3%ADn+del+Moral&rft.au=Ruiz%2C+Juan+Pro&rft.au=Bilbao%2C+Fernando+Su%C3%A1rez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRaC85UYvbtIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XaFJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA326">The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle</a>. E. Cave. 1820. p. 326. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gentleman%27s+Magazine%2C+and+Historical+Chronicle&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=E.+Cave&rft.date=1820&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXaFJAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTitus_Livius" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Titus Livius</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=legacy/uvaBook/tei/Liv3His.xml;chunk.id=d264;toc.depth=1;toc.id=d231;brand=default">"The History of Rome, Vol. III 25.33"</a>. University of Virginia Library. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Virginia+Library&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Rome%2C+Vol.+III+25.33&rft.au=Titus+Livius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxtf.lib.virginia.edu%2Fxtf%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dlegacy%2FuvaBook%2Ftei%2FLiv3His.xml%3Bchunk.id%3Dd264%3Btoc.depth%3D1%3Btoc.id%3Dd231%3Bbrand%3Ddefault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Riaza2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">García Riaza, Enrique (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uib-es.academia.edu/EnriqueGarc%C3%ADaRiaza/Papers/1229269/GARCIA_RIAZA_E._Lengua_y_poder._Notas_sobre_los_origenes_de_la_latinizacion_de_las_elites_celtibericas_182-133_aC_Palaeohispanica_5-2005_637-655">"Lengua y poder. Notas sobre los orígenes de la latinización de las élites celtibéricas (182–133 aC)"</a> [Language and power: Notes on the origins of colonization of the Celtic elites (182–133 BC)]. Palaeohispanica (in Spanish) (5): 637–655. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeohispanica&rft.atitle=Lengua+y+poder.+Notas+sobre+los+or%C3%ADgenes+de+la+latinizaci%C3%B3n+de+las+%C3%A9lites+celtib%C3%A9ricas+%28182%E2%80%93133+aC%29&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E637-%3C%2Fspan%3E655&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Riaza&rft.aufirst=Enrique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuib-es.academia.edu%2FEnriqueGarc%25C3%25ADaRiaza%2FPapers%2F1229269%2FGARCIA_RIAZA_E._Lengua_y_poder._Notas_sobre_los_origenes_de_la_latinizacion_de_las_elites_celtibericas_182-133_aC_Palaeohispanica_5-2005_637-655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaba2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caba, Rubén (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Farbor.2011.751n5013">"España Y Los Españoles"</a> [Spain and the Spanish]. Arbor (in Spanish). 187 (September=October 2011): 977–982. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Farbor.2011.751n5013">10.3989/arbor.2011.751n5013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0210-1963">0210-1963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arbor&rft.atitle=Espa%C3%B1a+Y+Los+Espa%C3%B1oles&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=September%3DOctober+2011&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E977-%3C%2Fspan%3E982&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3989%2Farbor.2011.751n5013&rft.issn=0210-1963&rft.aulast=Caba&rft.aufirst=Rub%C3%A9n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3989%252Farbor.2011.751n5013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dicionario.priberam.org/hisp%c3%a2nico">"Significado / definição de hispânico"</a>. Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dicion%C3%A1rio+Priberam+da+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft.atitle=Significado+%2F+defini%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+hisp%C3%A2nico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdicionario.priberam.org%2Fhisp%25c3%25a2nico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dle.rae.es/?id=KW1s7dJ">"hispano"</a>. Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish). Real Academia Española. Retrieved 9 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diccionario+de+la+lengua+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.atitle=hispano.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdle.rae.es%2F%3Fid%3DKW1s7dJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dle.rae.es/?id=KVkY2zv">"hispánico"</a>. Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish). Real Academia Española. Retrieved 9 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diccionario+de+la+lengua+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.atitle=hisp%C3%A1nico.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdle.rae.es%2F%3Fid%3DKVkY2zv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/hispanique/40038">"Définitions : Hispanique - Dictionnaire de français Larousse"</a>. Larousse.fr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Larousse.fr&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9finitions+%3A+Hispanique+-+Dictionnaire+de+fran%C3%A7ais+Larousse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larousse.fr%2Fdictionnaires%2Ffrancais%2Fhispanique%2F40038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wissen.de/fremdwort/hispanic">"Was bedeutet Hispanic | Fremdwörter für Hispanic"</a>. Wissen.de.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wissen.de&rft.atitle=Was+bedeutet+Hispanic+%26%23124%3B+Fremdw%C3%B6rter+f%C3%BCr+Hispanic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wissen.de%2Ffremdwort%2Fhispanic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/ispanico/">"Ispànico in Vocabolario"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=psa.gov.ph&rft.atitle=Religious+Affiliation+in+the+Philippines+%282020+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%29+%7C+Philippine+Statistics+Authority+%7C+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Freligious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mrt.com-60"><a href="#cite_ref-mrt.com_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrt.com/news/article/Univision-Curanderos-carry-on-traditions-of-7572561.php">"Univision: Curanderos carry on traditions of Catholicism, African rites"</a>. mrt.com. 15 February 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mrt.com&rft.atitle=Univision%3A+Curanderos+carry+on+traditions+of+Catholicism%2C+African+rites&rft.date=2005-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrt.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FUnivision-Curanderos-carry-on-traditions-of-7572561.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2004" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, William (2004). Fodor's Spain. University of Michigan Press. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400012701" title="Special:BookSources/9781400012701"><bdi>9781400012701</bdi></a>. <q>the Virgen del Pilar, the patron saint not only of peninsular Spain but of the entire Hispanic world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fodor%27s+Spain&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781400012701&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:LMS-62"><a href="#cite_ref-:LMS_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEspinosa2017" class="citation journal cs1">Espinosa, Gaston (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raceandreligion.com/JRER/Volume_8_%282017%29.html">"Latino Muslims in the United States: Reversion, Politics, and Islamidad"</a>. Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion. 8. Retrieved 31 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Latino+Muslims+in+the+United+States%3A+Reversion%2C+Politics%2C+and+Islamidad&rft.volume=8&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Espinosa&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raceandreligion.com%2FJRER%2FVolume_8_%25282017%2529.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=472375&publicationSubCategoryId=205">RP closer to becoming observer-state in Organization of Islamic Conference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603143753/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=472375&publicationSubCategoryId=205">Archived</a> June 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (May 29, 2009). <a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a>. Retrieved 2009-07-10, "Eight million Muslim Filipinos, representing 10 percent of the total Philippine population, ...". </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151224004229/http://jppi.org.il/uploads/JPPI_2014-2015_Annual_Assessment-English.pdf">"Annual Assessment: The Situation and Dynamics of the Jewish People"</a> (PDF). The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute. 2015. p. 18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jppi.org.il/uploads/JPPI_2014-2015_Annual_Assessment-English.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 December 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+People+Policy+Planning+Institute&rft.atitle=Annual+Assessment%3A+The+Situation+and+Dynamics+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjppi.org.il%2Fuploads%2FJPPI_2014-2015_Annual_Assessment-English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531003148/http://www.ujc.org/section.html?id=29">"Global Jewish Populations"</a>. United Jewish Federations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujc.org/section.html?id=29">the original</a> on 31 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Jewish+Federations&rft.atitle=Global+Jewish+Populations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ujc.org%2Fsection.html%3Fid%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWade2008" class="citation news cs1">Wade, Nicholas (5 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/science/05genes.html">"Gene Test Shows Spain's Jewish and Muslim Mix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. A12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gene+Test+Shows+Spain%27s+Jewish+and+Muslim+Mix&rft.pages=A12&rft.date=2008-12-05&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F05%2Fscience%2F05genes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Ladino">"Ladino"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Ladino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DLadino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_GarzaDesipio1996" class="citation book cs1">De la Garza, Rodolfo O.; Desipio, Louis (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822192328/https://www.questia.com/read/89008973/ethnic-ironies-latino-politics-in-the-1992-elections">Ethnic Ironies: Latino Politics in the 1992 Elections</a>. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/89008973/ethnic-ironies-latino-politics-in-the-1992-elections">the original</a> on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Ironies%3A+Latino+Politics+in+the+1992+Elections&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=De+la+Garza&rft.aufirst=Rodolfo+O.&rft.au=Desipio%2C+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F89008973%2Fethnic-ironies-latino-politics-in-the-1992-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaura2011" class="citation journal cs1">Maura, Juan Francisco (2011). "Caballeros y rufianes andantes en la costa atlántica de los Estados Unidos: Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón y Alvar Núñez Cabeza". Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos. 35 (2): 305–328.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Canadiense+de+Estudios+Hisp%C3%A1nicos&rft.atitle=Caballeros+y+rufianes+andantes+en+la+costa+atl%C3%A1ntica+de+los+Estados+Unidos%3A+Lucas+V%C3%A1zquez+de+Ayll%C3%B3n+y+Alvar+N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez+Cabeza&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E305-%3C%2Fspan%3E328&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Maura&rft.aufirst=Juan+Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaura2009" class="citation journal cs1">Maura, Juan Francisco (2009). "Nuevas aportaciones al estudio de la toponimia ibérica en la América Septentrional en el siglo XVI". Bulletin of Spanish Studies. 86 (5): 577–603. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14753820902969345">10.1080/14753820902969345</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192056139">192056139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Spanish+Studies&rft.atitle=Nuevas+aportaciones+al+estudio+de+la+toponimia+ib%C3%A9rica+en+la+Am%C3%A9rica+Septentrional+en+el+siglo+XVI&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E577-%3C%2Fspan%3E603&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14753820902969345&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192056139%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Maura&rft.aufirst=Juan+Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaura2016" class="citation journal cs1">Maura, Juan Francisco (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parnaseo.uv.es/Lemir/Revista/Revista20/02_Maura_Juan.pdf">"Sobre el origen hispánico del nombre 'Canadá'"</a> (PDF). Lemir: Revista de literatura medieval y del Renacimiento (20): 17–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lemir%3A+Revista+de+literatura+medieval+y+del+Renacimiento&rft.atitle=Sobre+el+origen+hisp%C3%A1nico+del+nombre+%27Canad%C3%A1%27&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Maura&rft.aufirst=Juan+Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparnaseo.uv.es%2FLemir%2FRevista%2FRevista20%2F02_Maura_Juan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPriceCooper2007" class="citation journal cs1">Price, Marie D.; Cooper, Catherine W. (May 2007). "Competing Visions, Shifting Boundaries: The Construction of Latin America as a World Region". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Geography" title="Journal of Geography">Journal of Geography</a>. 106 (3): 113–122. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JGeog.106..113P">2007JGeog.106..113P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00221340701599113">10.1080/00221340701599113</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129773519">129773519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geography&rft.atitle=Competing+Visions%2C+Shifting+Boundaries%3A+The+Construction+of+Latin+America+as+a+World+Region&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E122&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129773519%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00221340701599113&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JGeog.106..113P&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Marie+D.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Catherine+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHispanic" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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