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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Olika_federala_domstolar_i_USA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olika_federala_domstolar_i_USA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Olika federala domstolar i USA</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Olika_federala_domstolar_i_USA-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Olika federala domstolar i USA</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Olika_federala_domstolar_i_USA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artikel_3_(III)_domstolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artikel_3_(III)_domstolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Artikel 3 (III) domstolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artikel_3_(III)_domstolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artikel_1_(I)_domstolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artikel_1_(I)_domstolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Artikel 1 (I) domstolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artikel_1_(I)_domstolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artikel_4_(IV)_domstolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artikel_4_(IV)_domstolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Artikel 4 (IV) domstolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artikel_4_(IV)_domstolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal domstol i USA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/400px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/600px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/800px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Indelning av federala distrikts- och appellationsdomstolar i USA.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <b>federal domstol i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Federal court</i></span>, även benämnt som <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Federal tribunal</i></span>) är en amerikansk <a href="/wiki/Domstol" title="Domstol">domstol</a> som är en del av den <a href="/wiki/USA:s_federala_statsmakt" title="USA:s federala statsmakt">federala statsmakten</a> och som dömer efter <a href="/wiki/U.S._Code" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Code">Förenta staternas lagar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Courts-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federala</a> domstolar ska inte förväxlas med <a href="/wiki/Delstatlig_domstol_i_USA" title="Delstatlig domstol i USA">delstatliga domstolar</a> som finns parallellt och i vilka merparten av alla <a href="/wiki/Civilr%C3%A4tt" title="Civilrätt">civil-</a> och <a href="/wiki/Straffr%C3%A4tt" title="Straffrätt">straffrättsliga</a> mål i USA avgörs vid.<sup id="cite_ref-Manweller_Page55_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manweller_Page55-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alla federala domstolar i USA kan med enkelhet identifieras i och med att deras namn innehåller "United States" (förkortat som "U.S."); ingen delstatlig domstol får ha det som del i sitt namn.<sup id="cite_ref-WalstonDunham_Page_36_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WalstonDunham_Page_36-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det finns tre olika sorters federala domstolar, beroende på vilken del av USA:s konstitution som de härleder sin auktoritet ifrån. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Olika_federala_domstolar_i_USA">Olika federala domstolar i USA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Olika federala domstolar i USA" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Olika federala domstolar i USA"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background:#F9F9F9; border:1px solid #AAA; color:#000; clear:right; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em;width:200px"> <tbody><tr> <td class="adr"><b><span class="fn org country-name" style=""><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><span style="">USA</span></a></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/125px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/188px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/250px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span><br /> <p><span style=""><small>Denna artikel är en del i serien om:</small><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Politik_i_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Politik i USA"><span style="">Politik i USA</span></a></b></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div style="background-color:#ccccff;border:1px solid #000000;padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; font-size: 100%; text-align:left;margin:0px;color:#330000"><b><a href="/wiki/USA:s_konstitution" title="USA:s konstitution">Konstitutionen</a></b></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;margin:0px 1px;border:none;text-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_(USA)" title="Bill of Rights (USA)">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_sj%C3%A4lvst%C3%A4ndighetsf%C3%B6rklaring" title="USA:s självständighetsförklaring">Självständighetsförklaringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_r%C3%A4tt" title="Amerikansk rätt">Amerikansk rätt</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div style="background-color:#ccccff;border:1px solid #000000;padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; font-size: 100%; text-align:left;margin:0px;color:#330000"><b><a href="/wiki/USA:s_federala_statsmakt" title="USA:s federala statsmakt">Federala statsmakten</a></b></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;margin:0px 1px;border:none;text-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federala_statsmakten_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federala statsmakten (USA)">Federala statsmakten</a> <ul><li>Lagstiftande makt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_kongress" title="USA:s kongress">Kongressen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_senat" title="USA:s senat">Senaten</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/USA:s_vicepresident" title="USA:s vicepresident">Senatens president</a>)<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Presidenten_Pro_Tempore_i_USA:s_senat" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidenten Pro Tempore i USA:s senat">Presidenten pro tempore</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_representanthus" title="USA:s representanthus">Representanthuset</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Talmannen_i_USA:s_representanthus" title="Talmannen i USA:s representanthus">Talmannen</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Verkställande makt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_president" title="USA:s president">Presidenten</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_kabinett" class="mw-redirect" title="USA:s kabinett">Kabinettet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_nationella_s%C3%A4kerhetsr%C3%A5d" title="USA:s nationella säkerhetsråd">Nationella säkerhetsrådet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_regeringsdepartement" title="USA:s regeringsdepartement">Departementen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_presidentkansli" title="USA:s presidentkansli">Presidentkansliet</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frist%C3%A5ende_federala_myndigheter_i_USA" title="Fristående federala myndigheter i USA">Fristående myndigheter</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_vicepresident" title="USA:s vicepresident">Vicepresidenten</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dömande makt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">Högsta domstolen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chefsdomare_i_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="Chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol">Chefsdomaren</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_federala_appellationsdomstolar" title="USA:s federala appellationsdomstolar">Appellationsdomstolar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_federala_distriktsdomstolar" title="USA:s federala distriktsdomstolar">Distriktsdomstolar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Federala domstolar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Judicial Conference of the United States">Judicial Conference</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div style="background-color:#ccccff;border:1px solid #000000;padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; font-size: 100%; text-align:left;margin:0px;color:#330000"><b><a href="/wiki/USA:s_delstater" title="USA:s delstater">Delstaterna</a></b></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;margin:0px 1px;border:none;text-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delstatsstyren_i_USA" title="Delstatsstyren i USA">Delstatsstyren</a> <ul><li>Lagstiftande makt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_delstatsf%C3%B6rsamlingar" title="USA:s delstatsförsamlingar">Lagstiftande församlingar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Verkställande makt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_USA:s_nuvarande_guvern%C3%B6rer" title="Lista över USA:s nuvarande guvernörer">Guvernörer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dömande makt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_delstaters_h%C3%B6gsta_domstolar" title="USA:s delstaters högsta domstolar">Högsta instanser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delstatlig_domstol_i_USA" title="Delstatlig domstol i USA">Delstatliga domstolar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div style="background-color:#ccccff;border:1px solid #000000;padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; font-size: 100%; text-align:left;margin:0px;color:#330000"><b>Övrigt</b></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;margin:0px 1px;border:none;text-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_countyn" title="USA:s countyn">Countyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA:s_indiannationer" title="USA:s indiannationer">Indiannationer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkomstskatt_i_USA" title="Inkomstskatt i USA">Inkomstskatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; padding:0 5px;"> <hr /> <small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of United States">Atlas</a></small><br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Politik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Politik [inte skriven än]">Politikportalen</a></b><br /><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; ; color: inherit;">Denna tabell: <a href="/wiki/Mall:USA:s_statsskick" title="Mall:USA:s statsskick"><span title="Visa denna mall" style=";">visa</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:USA:s_statsskick&action=edit"><span style=";" title="Redigera den här mallen">redigera</span></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artikel_3_(III)_domstolar"><span id="Artikel_3_.28III.29_domstolar"></span>Artikel 3 (III) domstolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Artikel 3 (III) domstolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Artikel 3 (III) domstolar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">USA:s högsta domstol</a> konstitueras under den 3:e artikeln i <a href="/wiki/USA:s_konstitution" title="USA:s konstitution">USA:s konstitution</a> (även benämnd som artikel III), som i samma artikel även tillåter kongressen att genom lagstiftning skapa andra lägre federala domstolar med allmän jurisdiktion, underställda högsta domstolen.<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Courts-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enbart domstolar upprättade under artikel III utgör en del av det federala domstolsväsendet (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Federal judiciary</i></span>) som är en av tre jämbördiga grenar av den federala statsmakten enligt <a href="/wiki/Maktdelningsprincipen" title="Maktdelningsprincipen">maktdelningsprincipen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Courts-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artikel III domstolar kan inom ramen för sin jurisdiktion, till skillnad från andra federala domstolar, i kraft av artikel III utfärda bindande <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4ggande" title="Föreläggande">förelägganden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>injunction</i></span>) gentemot de övriga grenarna samt <a href="/wiki/USA:s_delstatsstyren" class="mw-redirect" title="USA:s delstatsstyren">delstatsstyrena</a>: dessa kan överklagas i den federala domstolshierarkin upp till USA:s högsta domstol.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det finns 13 federala <a href="/wiki/Appellationsdomstol" title="Appellationsdomstol">appellationsdomstolar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals">United States Court of Appeals</a></i></span>) samt 91 distriktsdomstolar (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court">United States District Court</a></i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>U.S. Court of International Trade</i>, med säte i <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, som dömer i frågor om <a href="/wiki/Internationell_handel" title="Internationell handel">internationell handel</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tullr%C3%A4tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tullrätt">tullrätt</a> räknas även som en domstol konstituerad under artikel III.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I administrativ mening leds artikel III domstolarna av <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Judicial Conference of the United States">Judicial Conference of the United States</a>, med stöd genom <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Office_of_the_United_States_Courts" title="Administrative Office of the United States Courts">Administrative Office of the United States Courts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Courts-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det är Judicial Conference som lägger fram domstolsväsendets budgetäskande direkt till kongressen.<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Courts-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En federal domare i en artikel III domstol utnämns av <a href="/wiki/USA:s_president" title="USA:s president">presidenten</a> med <a href="/wiki/USA:s_senat" title="USA:s senat">senatens</a> råd och samtycke och innehar efter tillträdet sin post på livstid och vars lön inte kan sänkas.<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Courts-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En federal domare i en artikel III domstol är dock inte helt och hållet oavsättlig, eftersom en sådan kan ställas inför <a href="/wiki/Riksr%C3%A4tt" title="Riksrätt">riksrätt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Impeachment</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Federal_Courts-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domstolarna kan anställa magistratsdomare (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>magistrate judge</i></span>), domare av lägre rang som assisterar federala domare, vanligen i rutinärenden, och vars beslut kan överprövas av en federal domare.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artikel_1_(I)_domstolar"><span id="Artikel_1_.28I.29_domstolar"></span>Artikel 1 (I) domstolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Artikel 1 (I) domstolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Artikel 1 (I) domstolar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En domstol som benämns som en "artikel 1" domstol eller <a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">tribunal</a>, är en domstol vars tillkomst och befogenhet härleds från <a href="/wiki/USA:s_kongress" title="USA:s kongress">kongressens</a> <a href="/wiki/Lagstiftningsmakt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagstiftningsmakt">lagstiftningsmakt</a> i enlighet med konstitutionens första artikel och inte från det federala domstolsväsendets tredje artikel. En federal domstol, upprättad med stöd av artikel 1, är därför en federal domstol som skapats med ett <a href="/wiki/Specialdomstol" title="Specialdomstol">avgränsat syfte</a> eller med begränsad <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiktion" title="Jurisdiktion">jurisdiktion</a>. Dessa domstolar ingår inte i det federala domstolsväsendet under artikel 3 och är därför inte en jämbördig del av den federala statsmakten, jämte den lagstiftande och verkställande makten. </p><p>I rättsfallet <i>American Ins. Co. v. 356 Bales of Cotton</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> från 1828 definierade <a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">USA:s högsta domstols</a> <a href="/wiki/Chefsdomaren_i_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" class="mw-redirect" title="Chefsdomaren i USA:s högsta domstol">chefsdomare</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> förhållandet mellan domstolar skapade under artikel 1 (eller <i>legislative courts</i> som Marshall kallade dem) och domstolar som härleder sin existens från artikel 3 (<i>constitutional courts</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En domare i en artikel 3 domstol åtnjuter inget särskilt anställnings- eller omplaceringsskydd. </p><p>Kongressen skapade genom lag 1970 (District of Columbia Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act) lokala domstolar för <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, motsvarande <a href="/wiki/Delstatliga_domstolar_i_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Delstatliga domstolar i USA">delstatliga domstolar annorstädes i USA</a>, med <i>Superior Court of the District of Columbia</i> som den lägre instansen och <i>District of Columbia Court of Appeals</i> som den högre instansen.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_District_of_Columbia_Courts:_A_Judicial_Anomaly_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_District_of_Columbia_Courts:_A_Judicial_Anomaly-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syftet med reformen var att separera rent lokala mål från federala mål.<sup id="cite_ref-The_District_of_Columbia_Courts:_A_Judicial_Anomaly_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_District_of_Columbia_Courts:_A_Judicial_Anomaly-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rdomstol" title="Militärdomstol">Militärdomstolar</a> (och <a href="/wiki/Krigsr%C3%A4tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Krigsrätt">krigsrätt</a> som sammankallas i lägsta instans) som dömer under <i><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a></i> är exempel på en form av domstol som härrör sin auktoritet med stöd från artikel 1.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artikel_4_(IV)_domstolar"><span id="Artikel_4_.28IV.29_domstolar"></span>Artikel 4 (IV) domstolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Artikel 4 (IV) domstolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Artikel 4 (IV) domstolar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artikel 4 domstolar är federala domstolar som i enlighet med konstitutionens artikel 4 är upprättade i <a href="/wiki/Amerikanska_Jungfru%C3%B6arna" title="Amerikanska Jungfruöarna">federala territorier</a>. Eftersom samtliga federala territorier i <a href="/wiki/Kontinentala_USA" title="Kontinentala USA">kontinentala USA</a> numera är fullvärdiga delstater är förekomsten av artikel 4 domstolar mestadels en historisk rest. </p><p>Det återstår numera endast tre territorier, varav två i <a href="/wiki/Stilla_havet" title="Stilla havet">Stilla havet</a>, med sådana domstolar: <a href="/wiki/Amerikanska_Jungfru%C3%B6arna" title="Amerikanska Jungfruöarna">Amerikanska Jungfruöarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, och <a href="/wiki/Nordmarianerna" title="Nordmarianerna">Nordmarianerna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_r%C3%A4tt" title="Amerikansk rätt">Amerikansk rätt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgen_(straffprocess)" title="Borgen (straffprocess)">Borgen (straffprocess)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delstatlig_%C3%A5klagare_i_USA" title="Delstatlig åklagare i USA">Delstatlig åklagare i USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_%C3%A5klagare_i_USA" title="Federal åklagare i USA">Federal åklagare i USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand jury">Grand jury</a> (åtalsjury)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juristexamen_(USA)" title="Juristexamen (USA)">Juristexamen (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">Jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfederationsartiklarna" title="Konfederationsartiklarna">Konfederationsartiklarna</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="/wiki/Engelskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Engelskspråkiga Wikipedia">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States">Federal tribunals in the United States</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States&oldid=999894427">tidigare version</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/">”Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation”</a> (på engelska). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/">https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+United+States+of+America%3A+Analysis+and+Interpretation&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BLibrary+of+Congress%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstitution.congress.gov%2Fbrowse%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Federal_Courts-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Courts_1-6"><small>g</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/federalcourtssystemintheus.pdf">”Federal Court System in the United States”</a> (på engelska). <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Office_of_the_United_States_Courts" title="Administrative Office of the United States Courts">Administrative Office of the United States Courts</a>. 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/federalcourtssystemintheus.pdf">https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/federalcourtssystemintheus.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juli 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Federal+Court+System+in+the+United+States&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2016&rft.pub=%5B%5BAdministrative+Office+of+the+United+States+Courts%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscourts.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffederalcourtssystemintheus.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manweller_Page55-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Manweller_Page55_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFManweller2006">Manweller, Mathew (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Judicial_Branch_of_State_Government/ong5k8n97P4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&&pg=PA55&printsec=frontcover">”Chapter 2, The Roles, Functions, and Powers of State Courts”</a>. i Hogan, Sean O.. <i><span>The Judicial Branch of State Government: People, Process, and Politics</span></i>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. Sid. 37-96. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9781851097517" title="Special:Bokkällor/9781851097517">ISBN 9781851097517</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Judicial_Branch_of_State_Government/ong5k8n97P4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&&pg=PA55&printsec=frontcover">https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Judicial_Branch_of_State_Government/ong5k8n97P4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&&pg=PA55&printsec=frontcover</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 oktober 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chapter+2%2C+The+Roles%2C+Functions%2C+and+Powers+of+State+Courts&rft.atitle=The+Judicial+Branch+of+State+Government%3A+People%2C+Process%2C+and+Politics&rft.aulast=Manweller&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft.au=Manweller%2C+Mathew&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=Sid.%26nbsp%3B37-96&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=9781851097517&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Judicial_Branch_of_State_Government%2Fong5k8n97P4C%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26%26pg%3DPA55%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WalstonDunham_Page_36-3"><a href="#cite_ref-WalstonDunham_Page_36_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWalston-Dunham2012">Walston-Dunham, Beth (2012). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Introduction_to_Law/jWoJAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover">Introduction to Law</a></i> (6th). Clifton Park: Delmar. Sid. 36. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9781133707981" title="Special:Bokkällor/9781133707981">ISBN 9781133707981</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Introduction_to_Law/jWoJAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover">https://www.google.com/books/edition/Introduction_to_Law/jWoJAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 26 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Law&rft.aulast=Walston-Dunham&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft.au=Walston-Dunham%2C+Beth&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=Sid.%26nbsp%3B36&rft.edition=6th&rft.place=Clifton+Park&rft.pub=Delmar&rft.isbn=9781133707981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FIntroduction_to_Law%2FjWoJAAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26pg%3DPA36%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Sohoni%20Testimony.pdf">”Rule by District Judge: The Challenges of Universal Injunctions”</a> (på engelska) (Testimony of Mila Sohoni, Professor of Law, University of San Diego School of Law). <i><span>www.judiciary.senate.gov</span></i>. United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. 25 februari 2020<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Sohoni%20Testimony.pdf">https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Sohoni%20Testimony.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Rule+by+District+Judge%3A+The+Challenges+of+Universal+Injunctions&rft.atitle=www.judiciary.senate.gov&rft.date=25+februari+2020&rft.pub=United+States+Senate+Committee+on+the+Judiciary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.judiciary.senate.gov%2Fimo%2Fmedia%2Fdoc%2FSohoni%2520Testimony.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44967">”Congress’s Power over Courts: Jurisdiction Stripping and the Rule of Klein”</a> (på engelska) (R44967). <i><span>crsreports.congress.gov</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. 9 augusti 2018<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44967">https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44967</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Congress%E2%80%99s+Power+over+Courts%3A+Jurisdiction+Stripping+and+the+Rule+of+Klein&rft.atitle=crsreports.congress.gov&rft.date=9+augusti+2018&rft.pub=%5B%5BCongressional+Research+Service%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FR%2FR44967&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/41">§ 41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/81">§§ 81</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/144">144</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/about-court">”About the Court”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.cit.uscourts.gov</span></i>. United States Court of International Trade<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/about-court">https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/about-court</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=About+the+Court&rft.atitle=www.cit.uscourts.gov&rft.pub=United+States+Court+of+International+Trade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cit.uscourts.gov%2Fabout-court&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/faqs-federal-judges#faq--What-are-federal-magistrate-judges?">”What are federal magistrate judges?”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.uscourts.gov</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Office_of_the_U.S._Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts">Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/faqs-federal-judges#faq--What-are-federal-magistrate-judges">https://www.uscourts.gov/faqs-federal-judges#faq--What-are-federal-magistrate-judges</a>?</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+are+federal+magistrate+judges%3F&rft.atitle=www.uscourts.gov&rft.pub=%5B%5BAdministrative+Office+of+the+U.S.+Courts%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscourts.gov%2Ffaqs-federal-judges%23faq--What-are-federal-magistrate-judges%3F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Av misstag ursprungligen omnämnt som <i>American Ins. Co. v. Canter</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125011510/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artIII-S1-1-3-1-1/ALDE_00001191/#ALDF_00003339">”ArtIII.S1.1.3.1.1 Congressional Power to Establish Non-Article III Courts: Current Doctrine”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Constitution Annotated</span></i>. constitution.congress.gov. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artIII-S1-1-3-1-1/ALDE_00001191/#ALDF_00003339">originalet</a> den 25 januari 2021<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125011510/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artIII-S1-1-3-1-1/ALDE_00001191/#ALDF_00003339">https://web.archive.org/web/20210125011510/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artIII-S1-1-3-1-1/ALDE_00001191/#ALDF_00003339</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 januari 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ArtIII.S1.1.3.1.1+Congressional+Power+to+Establish+Non-Article+III+Courts%3A+Current+Doctrine&rft.atitle=Constitution+Annotated&rft.pub=constitution.congress.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210125011510%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fconstitution.congress.gov%2Fbrowse%2Fessay%2FartIII-S1-1-3-1-1%2FALDE_00001191%2F%23ALDF_00003339&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dccourts.gov/about/history-dccourts">”HISTORY OF THE DC COURTS”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.dccourts.gov</span></i>. District of Columbia Courts<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dccourts.gov/about/history-dccourts">https://www.dccourts.gov/about/history-dccourts</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=HISTORY+OF+THE+DC+COURTS&rft.atitle=www.dccourts.gov&rft.pub=District+of+Columbia+Courts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dccourts.gov%2Fabout%2Fhistory-dccourts&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_District_of_Columbia_Courts:_A_Judicial_Anomaly-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-The_District_of_Columbia_Courts:_A_Judicial_Anomaly_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_District_of_Columbia_Courts:_A_Judicial_Anomaly_13-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFVoorhees1980">Voorhees, Theodore (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2315&context=lawreview">”The District of Columbia Courts: A Judicial Anomaly”</a> (på engelska) (29 Cath. U. L. Rev. 917). <i><span>scholarship.law.edu</span></i>. CUA Law Scholarship Repository<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2315&context=lawreview">https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2315&context=lawreview</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+District+of+Columbia+Courts%3A+A+Judicial+Anomaly&rft.atitle=scholarship.law.edu&rft.aulast=Voorhees&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.au=Voorhees%2C+Theodore&rft.date=1980&rft.pub=CUA+Law+Scholarship+Repository&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2315%26context%3Dlawreview&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFBehan2003">Behan, Christopher W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200324162618/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a440069.pdf">”DON'T TUG ON SUPERMAN'S CAPE: IN DEFENSE OF CONVENING AUTHORITY SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF COURT-MARTIAL PANEL MEMBERS”</a> (på engelska) (A Thesis Presented to The Judge Advocate General's School United States Army in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) in Military Law). sid. 51-53. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a440069.pdf">originalet</a> den 24 mars 2020<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200324162618/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a440069.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20200324162618/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a440069.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 januari 2021</span>.  ”The final step in evaluating the historical and constitutional background of the court-martial is to place it within its proper context as a legislative, or Article 1, court.”</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=DON%27T+TUG+ON+SUPERMAN%27S+CAPE%3A+IN+DEFENSE+OF+CONVENING+AUTHORITY+SELECTION+AND+APPOINTMENT+OF+COURT-MARTIAL+PANEL+MEMBERS&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Behan&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rft.au=Behan%2C+Christopher+W.&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B51-53&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20200324162618%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa440069.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Federal_domstol_i_USA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/">www.uscourts.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/">www.fjc.gov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&oldid=56043660">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_domstol_i_USA&oldid=56043660</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:USA:s_r%C3%A4ttsliga_myndigheter" title="Kategori:USA:s rättsliga myndigheter">USA:s rättsliga myndigheter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:USA:s_r%C3%A4ttsv%C3%A4sen" title="Kategori:USA:s rättsväsen">USA:s rättsväsen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:USA:s_samh%C3%A4lle" title="Kategori:USA:s samhälle">USA:s samhälle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Domstolar_i_USA" title="Kategori:Domstolar i USA">Domstolar i USA</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia:Projekt_%C3%B6vers%C3%A4tta_k%C3%A4llmallar" title="Kategori:Wikipedia:Projekt översätta källmallar">Wikipedia:Projekt översätta källmallar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_text_p%C3%A5_engelska" title="Kategori:Artiklar med text på engelska">Artiklar med text på engelska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Enwp" title="Kategori:Enwp">Enwp</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 9 oktober 2024 kl. 22.28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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