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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Metodar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metodar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Metodar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Metodar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Metodar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Metodar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Steganografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steganografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Steganografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steganografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transposisjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transposisjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Transposisjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transposisjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substitusjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substitusjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Substitusjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substitusjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asymmetrisk_kryptering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asymmetrisk_kryptering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Asymmetrisk kryptering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asymmetrisk_kryptering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_steganografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_steganografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Moderne steganografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_steganografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kryptering</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 69 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryptering" title="Kryptering – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kryptering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryptering" title="Kryptering – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kryptering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryptering" title="Kryptering – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kryptering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versleuteling" title="Versleuteling – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Versleuteling" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="تعمية (إجرائية) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعمية (إجرائية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eifrl%C9%99m%C9%99" title="Şifrləmə – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şifrləmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="গুপ্তায়ন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুপ্তায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Шифроване – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шифроване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkripcija" title="Enkripcija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Enkripcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xifratge" title="Xifratge – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xifratge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verschl%C3%BCsselung" title="Verschlüsselung – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verschlüsselung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ifreerimine" title="Šifreerimine – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šifreerimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%85%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Κρυπτογράφηση – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρυπτογράφηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Encryption" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifrado_(criptograf%C3%ADa)" title="Cifrado (criptografía) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cifrado (criptografía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ifrado" title="Ĉifrado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉifrado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zifratze" title="Zifratze – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zifratze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="رمزگذاری – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رمزگذاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiffrement" title="Chiffrement – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chiffrement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripti%C3%BAch%C3%A1n" title="Criptiúchán – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Criptiúchán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifraxe" title="Cifraxe – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cifraxe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94" title="암호화 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암호화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ծածկագրում – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծածկագրում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="गुप्तलेखन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुप्तलेखन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ifra" title="Šifra – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šifra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkripsi" title="Enkripsi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enkripsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Encryption" title="I-Encryption – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Encryption" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukunyandla" title="Ukunyandla – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukunyandla" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulritun" title="Dulritun – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dulritun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifratura" title="Cifratura – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cifratura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94" title="הצפנה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הצפנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შიფრაცია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შიფრაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96_%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Мәліметтерді шырқау – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мәліметтерді шырқау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usimbaji_fiche" title="Usimbaji fiche – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usimbaji fiche" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%A9%D3%A9" title="Шифрлөө – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шифрлөө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ifr%C4%93%C5%A1ana" title="Šifrēšana – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šifrēšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%B3mba" title="Libómba – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libómba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titkos%C3%ADt%C3%A1s" title="Titkosítás – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Titkosítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Шифрирање – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шифрирање" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="എൻക്രിപ്ഷൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൻക്രിപ്ഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyulitan" title="Penyulitan – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyulitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Шифрлэлт – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шифрлэлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryptie" title="Encryptie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Encryptie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E5%8F%B7" title="暗号 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="暗号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codatge" title="Codatge – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Codatge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="کوډ کول – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوډ کول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encripta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Encriptação – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Encriptação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criptare" title="Criptare – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Criptare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhulliy" title="Ukhulliy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ukhulliy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Шифрование – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шифрование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriptimi" title="Kriptimi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kriptimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ගුප්ත කේතනය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුප්ත කේතනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Encryption" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ifriranje_sporo%C4%8Dil" title="Šifriranje sporočil – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šifriranje sporočil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkripcija" title="Enkripcija – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Enkripcija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkripcija" title="Enkripcija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Enkripcija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nkripsi" title="Énkripsi – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Énkripsi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaus" title="Salaus – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Salaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkripsiyon" title="Enkripsiyon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Enkripsiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மறையாக்கம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மறையாக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="การเข้ารหัส – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเข้ารหัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80" title="Шифр – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шифр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eifreleme" title="Şifreleme – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şifreleme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Шифрування – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шифрування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%86" title="انکرپشن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انکرپشن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A3_h%C3%B3a" title="Mã hóa – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mã hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="加密 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加密" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="加密 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加密" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86" title="加密 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加密" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q141090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kryptering" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Kryptering&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kryptering"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kryptering"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Kryptering" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Kryptering" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&oldid=3568328" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Kryptering&id=3568328&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKryptering%26section%3D5%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKryptering%26section%3D5%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kryptering"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kryptering&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Encoded_letter_of_Gabriel_Luetz_d_Aramon_after_1546_with_partial_deciphering.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Encoded_letter_of_Gabriel_Luetz_d_Aramon_after_1546_with_partial_deciphering.jpg/220px-Encoded_letter_of_Gabriel_Luetz_d_Aramon_after_1546_with_partial_deciphering.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Encoded_letter_of_Gabriel_Luetz_d_Aramon_after_1546_with_partial_deciphering.jpg/330px-Encoded_letter_of_Gabriel_Luetz_d_Aramon_after_1546_with_partial_deciphering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Encoded_letter_of_Gabriel_Luetz_d_Aramon_after_1546_with_partial_deciphering.jpg/440px-Encoded_letter_of_Gabriel_Luetz_d_Aramon_after_1546_with_partial_deciphering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3034" data-file-height="2058" /></a><figcaption>Kryptert og delvis dekryptert brev frå 1500-talet.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kryptering</b> er det å omforma data slik at <a href="/wiki/Informasjon" title="Informasjon">informasjonen</a> dei inneheld ikkje utan vidare kan lesast av ein utanforståande tredjepart. Kryptering kan vera viktig innan <a href="/wiki/Krig" title="Krig">krigføring</a> og <a href="/wiki/Etterretning" title="Etterretning">etterretning</a>, men stadig meir også i kvardagslivet der det hindrar sensitiv elektronisk informasjon frå å hamna hos feil person. Kryptering er ein del av faget <a href="/wiki/Kryptografi" title="Kryptografi">kryptografi</a>. </p><p>Det finst mange måtar å skjula innhald i meldingar på. Ein kan omforma det ved hjelp av mediet ein bruker til å overføra meldinga, omforma henne til ny teikn eller kodar som ikkje utan vidare kan tydast, eller skjula at det i det heile tatt dreier seg om ei melding. Det er blitt utvikla mange tabellar, system og mekaniske og digitale innretningar som kan brukast til å kryptera. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metodar">Metodar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Metodar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Metodar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Skytale.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Skytale.png/220px-Skytale.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Skytale.png/330px-Skytale.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Skytale.png/440px-Skytale.png 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstruksjon av ein skytale.</figcaption></figure> <p>Krypteringsmåtar som er kjende frå antikken er mellom anna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skytale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skytale (sida finst ikkje)">skytale</a>, stokkar med lik diameter som ein tvinna lêrstrimlar rundt og skreiv meldingar på. Meldingane kunne berre lesast og autentiserast av den som hadde ein stokk med same diameter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steganografi">Steganografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Steganografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Steganografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steganografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steganografi (sida finst ikkje)">Steganografi</a> går ut på å skjula sjølve meldinga frå utanforståande. Døme på dette er mellom anna å skriva inn ei viktig melding i treet på ei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokstavle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokstavle (sida finst ikkje)">vokstavle</a> og deretter fylla henne med voks og skriva ei uskuldig melding oppå. Ein annan måte, skildra av <a href="/wiki/Herodot" title="Herodot">Herodot</a>, gjekk ut på å <a href="/wiki/Tatovering" title="Tatovering">tatovera</a> informasjon på hovudet til ein barbert slave og deretter la håret veksa ut før han blei send av stad med meldinga. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usynleg_blekk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usynleg blekk (sida finst ikkje)">Usynleg blekk</a> er ein annan måte å skjula ei melding på for andre enn dei som veit at ho er der og kan få henne synleg. </p><p>Meldingar kan gøymast i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klartekst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klartekst (sida finst ikkje)">klartekst</a> der berre visse bokstavar utgjer den hemmelege meldinga. Ei form for dette blir kalla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Null-chiffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Null-chiffer (sida finst ikkje)">null-chiffer</a>. Krypteringa kan gå ut på at berre første- eller sistebokstaven i kvart ord dannar meldinga, eller ein kan ha eit meir komplisert system som å bruka første bokstav i første ord, andre bokstav i andre og så vidare. I <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacon-chiffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacon-chiffer (sida finst ikkje)">Bacon-chiffer</a> bruker ein ulike <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skrifttype&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skrifttype (sida finst ikkje)">skrifttypar</a> (som vanleg og <a href="/wiki/Kursiv" title="Kursiv">kursiv</a>) til å skjula ei melding i klårtekst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transposisjon">Transposisjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Transposisjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Transposisjon"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Caesar_cipher_left_shift_of_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Caesar_cipher_left_shift_of_3.svg/220px-Caesar_cipher_left_shift_of_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Caesar_cipher_left_shift_of_3.svg/330px-Caesar_cipher_left_shift_of_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Caesar_cipher_left_shift_of_3.svg/440px-Caesar_cipher_left_shift_of_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Transposisjon med Cæsar-kode.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ein utbreidd krypteringsmåte er transposisjon, der skriftsymbol blir bytta ut med andre etter eit visst mønster. Den såkalla Cæsar-koden bytter ut kvar bokstav i eit <a href="/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet">alfabet</a> med ein bokstav på ein fast annan plass i alfabetet, til dømes tre plassar etter. Denne metoden skal ha blitt brukt av <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6sar" title="Cæsar">Cæsar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temur%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temurá (sida finst ikkje)">hebraiske krypteringa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atbash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atbash (sida finst ikkje)">atbash</a>, som mellom anna er brukt i <a href="/wiki/Jeremias_bok" title="Jeremias bok">Jeremias bok</a>, bytter ein ut klartekst-bokstavar med den motsvarande bokstav i alfabetet snudd baklengs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I ein metode skildra i det indiske oldtidsverket <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamasutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamasutra (sida finst ikkje)">Kamasutra</a></i> lagar ein tilfeldige par av bokstavar og bytter dei ut med kvarandre når ein krypterer.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Alberti_cipher_disk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alberti_cipher_disk.JPG/220px-Alberti_cipher_disk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alberti_cipher_disk.JPG/330px-Alberti_cipher_disk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alberti_cipher_disk.JPG/440px-Alberti_cipher_disk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Teikning av chifferdisken til Alberti.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ved ei meir komplisert form for transposisjon kan ein følgja fleire ulike transponeringsreglar i éi melding. Denne metoden blei utvikla i mellomalderen og heilt fram til 1900-talet. Han er mellom anna kjend som polyalfabetisk chiffer, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigen%C3%A8re-chiffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vigenère-chiffer (sida finst ikkje)">Vigenère-chiffer</a> eller <i>le chiffre indéchiffrable</i> ('den udechiffrerbare koden'). </p><p>Bytte av reglar kan følgja eit tidlegare fastlagd mønster, følgja eit nøkkelord, ei viss bok eller ein <a href="/wiki/Eingongsn%C3%B8kkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eingongsnøkkel">eingongsnøkkel</a>, eller bruka mekaniske innretningar. Ein chifferdisk utvikla av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Battista_Alberti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Battista Alberti (sida finst ikkje)">Leon Battista Alberti</a> nytta to runde metalldiskar med alfabet rundt kantane som kunne dreiast i høve til kvarandre for å gje ulike transposisjonar. Ein elektro-mekanisk versjon av denne maskinen, ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotormaskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotormaskin (sida finst ikkje)">rotormaskin</a>, blei utvikla på 1900-talet og blei brukt i krypteringsmaskinar som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enigma-maskinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enigma-maskinen (sida finst ikkje)">Enigma</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lorenz-chiffer" title="Lorenz-chiffer">Lorenz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Substitusjon">Substitusjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Substitusjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Substitusjon"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pigpen_cipher_key.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pigpen_cipher_key.svg/220px-Pigpen_cipher_key.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pigpen_cipher_key.svg/330px-Pigpen_cipher_key.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pigpen_cipher_key.svg/440px-Pigpen_cipher_key.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Frimurar-rutesystem</figcaption></figure> <p>Substitusjon går ut på bruka andre teikn enn vanlege bokstavar til å laga den krypterte meldinga. Bokstavar eller andre einingar i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klartekst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klartekst (sida finst ikkje)">klarteksten</a> blir bytta ut med visse symbol. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Stuart">Maria Stuart</a> brukte eit symbolsystem kombinert med særskilde kodeord på 1500-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frimurarchiffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frimurarchiffer (sida finst ikkje)">Frimurarchiffer</a> som erstatta bokstavar med symbol frå ulike rutesystem blei brukt av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frimurarar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frimurarar (sida finst ikkje)">frimurarar</a> på 1700-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asymmetrisk_kryptering">Asymmetrisk kryptering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Asymmetrisk kryptering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Asymmetrisk kryptering"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Utviklinga av <a href="/wiki/Datamaskin" title="Datamaskin">datamaskinar</a> gjorde at ein kunne utvikla meir kompliserte kryptosystem. <a href="/wiki/Asymmetrisk_kryptering" title="Asymmetrisk kryptering">Asymmetrisk kryptering</a> skil seg frå tidlegare symmetriske krypteringsmetodar ved at ein bruker ulike nøklar til å kryptera og til å dekryptera. Denne krypteringsforma blei utvikla på 1970-talet, med ei viktig utgjeving av Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman og Ralph C. Merkle i 1976. Ho blir ofte brukt til offentleg nøkkelkryptering, der éin nøkkel er offentleg kjend og éin er privat. Nokre utbreidde krypteringsalgoritmar er <a href="/w/index.php?title=RSA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSA (sida finst ikkje)">RSA</a>, <a href="/wiki/DES" title="DES">Data Encryption Standard (DES)</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Encryption_Standard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Encryption Standard (sida finst ikkje)">Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderne_steganografi">Moderne steganografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Moderne steganografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Moderne steganografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lsb-example.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lsb-example.JPG/220px-Lsb-example.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lsb-example.JPG/330px-Lsb-example.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lsb-example.JPG/440px-Lsb-example.JPG 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Med moderne teknologi kan ein skjula eit bilde inni eit anna bilde.</figcaption></figure> <p>Moderne teknologi har gjort det mogleg å kamuflera meldingar på nye måtar. Etter andre verdskrigen blei det utvikla såkalla mikroprikkar, som berre kunne lesast ved hjelp av eit <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop">mikroskop</a>, og som kunne skjulast til dømes som eit punktum eller ein prikk i eit bilete eller ein uskuldig tekst. </p><p>Datateknologi kan skjula meldingar i bilete-, lyd- og videofiler der fila kan brukast på vanleg måte, men særskild programvare kan skilja ut den skjulte meldinga eller bildet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sveton" title="Sveton">Sveton</a>, <i>De vita Caesarum</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Y. Hoskisson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1367&index=3">«Insights 30/1 (2010) > Jeremiah's Game»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133832/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1367&index=3">Arkivert</a> 2015-04-02 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., maxwellinstitute.byu.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich L. Bauer (sida finst ikkje)">Bauer, Friedrich L.</a> (2002). <i>Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology</i> (3. utg.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer-Verlag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer-Verlag (sida finst ikkje)">Springer-Verlag</a>. s. 45. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/3-540-42674-4" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/3-540-42674-4">3-540-42674-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AKryptering&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Friedrich+L.&rft.btitle=Decrypted+Secrets%3A+Methods+and+Maxims+of+Cryptology&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=3.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-540-42674-4&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Singh" title="Simon Singh">Singh, Simon</a> (1999). <i>The Code Book</i>. Anchor Books. s. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-385-49532-3" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-385-49532-3">0-385-49532-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AKryptering&rft.au=Singh%2C+Simon&rft.btitle=The+Code+Book&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-385-49532-3&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simonsingh.net/The_Black_Chamber/maryqueenofscots.html">«Mary Queen of Scots»</a>, simonsingh.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simonsingh.net/The_Black_Chamber/pigpen.html">«Pigpen Cipher»</a>, simonsingh.net</span> </li> </ol> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/kryptering">«Kryptering»</a> (14. februar 2009), <i>Store norske leksikon</i>. Fri artikkel henta 21. mars 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/steganografi">«Steganografi»</a> (15. februar 2009), <i>Store norske leksikon</i>. Fri artikkel henta 21. mars 2015.</li> <li>Eilertsen, Øyvind. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/kryptografi">«Kryptografi»</a> (14. februar 2009), <i>Store norske leksikon</i>.</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Delar av denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon%27s_cipher" class="extiw" title="en:Bacon's cipher">Bacon's cipher</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, den 21. mars 2015.</i></li> <li><i>Delar av denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography" class="extiw" title="en:Cryptography">Cryptography</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, og «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher" class="extiw" title="en:Caesar cipher">Caesar cipher</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a> den 21. mars 2015.</i></li> <li><i>Delar av denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_cipher" class="extiw" title="en:Null cipher">Null cipher</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, og «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography" class="extiw" title="en:Steganography">Steganography</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a> den 21. mars 2015.</i></li> <li><i>Delar av denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatsyayana_cipher" class="extiw" title="en:Vatsyayana cipher">Vatsyayana cipher</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, og «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigen%C3%A8re_cipher" class="extiw" title="en:Vigenère cipher">Vigenère cipher</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a> den 21. mars 2015.</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryptering&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simonsingh.net/The_Black_Chamber/chamberguide.html">The Black Chamber</a>. 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