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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Small circular biscuit that originated in Egypt</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the circular biscuit made for Eid al-Fitr and Easter. For the common Arabic baked good, see <a href="/wiki/Ka%27ak" title="Ka'ak">Ka'ak</a>. For the native bread of Balochistan, see <a href="/wiki/Kaak_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kaak (disambiguation)">Kaak</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ka3ek.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ka3ek.JPG/220px-Ka3ek.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ka3ek.JPG/330px-Ka3ek.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ka3ek.JPG/440px-Ka3ek.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kaak in Jordan</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kaak</b> or <b>Kaak el-Eid</b> (<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Arabic language">Egyptian Arabic</a>: <span lang="arz" dir="rtl">كحك</span> or <span title="Egyptian Arabic-language text"><span lang="arz" dir="rtl">كحك العيد</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[ˈkæħk<span class="wrap"> </span>el<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʕiːd]</a></span>), is a small circular <a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">biscuit</a> that originated in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and is eaten across the Arab world to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fabos_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is covered with <a href="/wiki/Powdered_sugar" title="Powdered sugar">powdered sugar</a> and can be stuffed with <span title="Egyptian Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arz-Latn">ʿagameyya</i></span> (<span title="Egyptian Arabic-language text"><span lang="arz" dir="rtl">عجمية</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[ʕæɡæˈmej.jæ]</a></span>, a mixture of honey, nuts, and <a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lokum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokum">lokum</a>, walnuts, pistachios, or dates, or simply served plain.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Date-filled kahk are believed to be the origin of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">maamoul</a>, a similar Eid biscuit eaten in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dish also popular in Indonesia and called as <i>kue kaak</i> as result of acculturation between Arabs and Indonesian. Usually served during <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaak is an important part of Egyptian and Sudanese culture. In addition to its role in Eid, when it is often served to guests,<sup id="cite_ref-Fabos_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is also eaten as part of a wedding feast and is occasionally served at other holiday feasts, namely <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baking kaak is a traditional and social activity in the region: women of a village or neighborhood, gather together to bake kaak, chat, and swap stories and recipes.<sup id="cite_ref-AA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, Egyptians will prepare their kaak at home before taking it to a communal or commercial bakery to be baked and cooled.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Families typically exchange kaak as gifts, and friendly informal competitions over whose kaak is best are common.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The designs stamped on kaak can be elaborate and are sources of pride for Egyptian families. Kaak molds, typically made from wood or ceramic, are often passed down from generation to generation. While bakeries have always sold premade kaak, buying kaak from a bakery has increased in popularity in urban Egypt in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, store-bought kaak is relatively expensive—reaching <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">£E</a>170 per kilo as of April 2023<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (minimum wage £E3000 in 2023)—<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so many Egyptians, particularly those in rural areas, still bake their own.<sup id="cite_ref-AA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>kahk</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic language</a> word <span title="Coptic-language text"><span lang="cop">ⲕⲁϩⲕ</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Copt_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (September 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cop-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[kɑhk]</a></span>. Other Arabic speaking people may phono-semantically match the Egyptian word to the familiar Arabic <span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">kaʿk</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كعك</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[kæʕk,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaʕek]</a></span>, "cakes"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kahk is believed to date back to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>: carvings depicting people making kahk have been found in the ruins of temples in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> and in 3500-year-old <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth Dynasty">Eighteenth Dynasty</a> tombs. Ancient kahk were made in a variety of geometric shapes—more than 100 designs have been found—and stamped with an image of the solar disk, a symbol of the sun god <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>. Ancient Egyptians also baked pie-sized kahk, called <i>shurik</i>, before visiting tombs of their ancestors. These <i>shurik</i> were believed to function as magical amulets.<sup id="cite_ref-Fawzi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fawzi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kahk remained popular as Egypt converted from traditional religion to Christianity, often being served on special occasions, especially Easter.<sup id="cite_ref-Copt_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kahk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kahk.jpg/220px-Kahk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kahk.jpg/330px-Kahk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kahk.jpg/440px-Kahk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Assorted kahk for Eid</figcaption></figure> <p>Kahk's Islamic history began with the <a href="/wiki/Tulunid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulunid dynasty">Tulunid dynasty</a>, whose bakers made kahk molds imprinted with the words <i>kol wishkur</i> ("eat and thank God"), though kahk rose to prominence under the 10th century <a href="/wiki/Ikhshidid_dynasty" title="Ikhshidid dynasty">Ikhshidid dynasty</a>, who were the first to include it in the Eid al-Fitr feast. An Ikhshidid minister, Abu Bakr Mohammed bin Ali al-Madrani, was known to hide <a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">gold dinars</a> in some kahk that were distributed to the people, a practice that entered local folklore and was emulated by later Egyptian rulers. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimid</a> Caliph spent 20,000 dinars baking and distributing gold-filled kahk for Eid in 1124 CE/518 AH, an operation of such complexity that it had to be started in <a href="/wiki/Rajab" title="Rajab">Rajab</a>, the month preceding Ramadan, and required the creation of a special government department, the <i>Diwan al-Fitr</i>. Likewise, Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aziz">Al-Aziz</a> built a 1350 meter long table piled high with 60 different kinds of kahk and <a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">ghorayibah</a>, some of which contained gold coins.<sup id="cite_ref-AA_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distribution of kahk was an important and effective means of raising public support for the Fatamid government, both as a means of appeasing the public, à la "<a href="/wiki/Bread_and_circuses" title="Bread and circuses">bread and circuses</a>," and as a form of <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>, since kahk was stamped with messages calling for loyalty to the state or specific leaders. Archaeologists have found Fatimid-era kahk molds inscribed with messages such as "eat and thank God your Lord" ("كل وأشكر مولاك") and "thank Hafeza" ("تسلم ايديكي يا حفيظة"), with Hafeza being an official responsible for manufacturing kahk. The latter message is also an early example of branding.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdulhalim_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdulhalim-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a> replaced the <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ili" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'ili">Isma'ili</a> Shia Fatimids in 1174, Ayyubid Sultan <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Salah ad-Din</a> attempted to stamp out Fatimid customs, including eating kahk on Eid. Despite his great influence on Egyptian culture and politics, he failed to get rid of kahk, attesting to the dessert's importance to Egyptians. State distribution of kahk was revived under <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mameluk</a> rule. The Mameluk Sultans distributed kahk for Eid and Easter, especially to socioeconomically marginalized groups like Sufis, students, and the poor, though there is no evidence that they hid gold coins in their kahk. Like the Fatimids before them, the Mameluks distributed kahk to pacify the population and build support for their rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdulhalim_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdulhalim-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distribution of kahk to the poor and disadvantaged was continued under <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Eyalet">Ottoman</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Wafd_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wafd-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 14th and 15th centuries, charitable trusts—<i><a href="/wiki/Awqaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Awqaf">awqaf</a></i>—were highly associated with baking and distributing kahk.<sup id="cite_ref-Fawzi_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fawzi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Islamic period, the Christian cross on kahk was replaced with sayings, geometric designs (including the original images of the solar disk), or stylized depictions of foliage. Several Fatimid-era kahk molds are on display in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Cairo" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo">Museum of Islamic Art</a> in Cairo as important examples of Islamic art and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_calligraphy" title="Arabic calligraphy">Arabic calligraphy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AA_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kleicha" title="Kleicha">Kleicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_di_Caltanissetta" title="Crocetta di Caltanissetta">Crocetta di Caltanissetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cookies" title="List of cookies">List of cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Qatayef</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fabos-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fabos_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fabos_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template talk:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Egyptian_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Qamar_al-Din" title="Qamar al-Din">Amar eddin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Aseer asab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea">Black tea</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Kushari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Sa‘idi</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_tea" title="Hibiscus tea">Karkadeh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carob" title="Carob">Kharob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Sahlab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamr hindi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobia_(beverage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobia (beverage) (page does not exist)">Sobia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Egypt" title="Beer in Egypt">Beer in Egypt</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Egypt#Local_varieties" title="Beer in Egypt">Bouza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(beer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stella (beer)">Stella</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_wine" title="Egyptian wine">Egyptian wine</a></b> (main article)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bataw_(bread)" title="Bataw (bread)">Bataw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Eish baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_fino" title="Eish fino">Eish fino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_merahrah" title="Eish merahrah">Eish merahrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_shamsi" title="Eish shamsi">Eish shamsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Appetizers<br />and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_salad" title="Arab salad">Salata baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tehina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese" title="Egyptian cheese">Egyptian cheese</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areesh_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Areesh cheese">Areesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domiati_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Domiati cheese">Domiati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mish" title="Mish">Mish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_cheese" title="Rumi cheese">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Molokhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Shorbet ‘‍‍ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_soup" title="Vegetable soup">Shorbet khodar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Besarah">Besarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggah" title="Eggah">Eggah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatteh" title="Fatteh">Fatteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesikh" title="Fesikh">Fesikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiteer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiteer">Feteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawawshi" title="Hawawshi">Hawawshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamounia" title="Kamounia">Kamounia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushari">Kushari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastitsio" title="Pastitsio">Macaroni béchamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Mahshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Mesaqa‘ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Molokhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombar" title="Mombar">Mombar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayadiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayadiya (page does not exist)">Sayadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torly (page does not exist)">Torly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qolqas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qolqas (page does not exist)">Qolqas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baqlawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aish_as-Saraya" title="Aish as-Saraya">Eish essaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteer_meshaltet" title="Feteer meshaltet">Feteer meshaltet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghoriba">Ghorayiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halawa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kahk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kunafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Luqmet el qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Malban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Ali" title="Om Ali">Om Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Qatayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Rozz belaban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs & spices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Aniseed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaves</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Mint</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Cloves</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghreb cuisine">North African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" 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