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href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Confusion_with_other_spices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confusion_with_other_spices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Confusion with other spices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confusion_with_other_spices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_and_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_and_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultivation and production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation_and_production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation and production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_and_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultivation_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cultivation areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climatic_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climatic_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climatic requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climatic_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Grading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cultivation parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Cultivation management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Breeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Traditional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volatiles_and_essential_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volatiles_and_essential_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Volatiles and essential oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volatiles_and_essential_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aroma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aroma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Aroma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aroma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutritional_value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutritional_value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Nutritional value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutritional_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cumin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeura_put%C3%A9h" title="Jeura putéh – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jeura putéh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komyn" title="Komyn – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Komyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="كمون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كمون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuminum cyminum" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="জীৰা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জীৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuminum cyminum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_cir%C9%99" title="Adi cirə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi cirə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="عادی جیره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عادی جیره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="জিরা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кимион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кимион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koumin" title="Koumin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Koumin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%AD" title="Comí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komino" title="Komino – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Komino" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0abrej_km%C3%ADnovit%C3%BD" title="Šabrej kmínovitý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šabrej kmínovitý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwmin" title="Cwmin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cwmin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spidskommen" title="Spidskommen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spidskommen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzk%C3%BCmmel" title="Kreuzkümmel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kreuzkümmel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%A8" title="ދިރި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިރި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Κύμινο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύμινο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuminum cyminum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_kumino" title="Oficina kumino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oficina kumino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumino" title="Kumino – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kumino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="زیره سبز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیره سبز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cumin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuim%C3%ADn" title="Cuimín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuimín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comi%C3%B1o" title="Comiño – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comiño" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="જીરું – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જીરું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82" title="जिरें – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जिरें" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%AF%BC" title="쿠민 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="जीरा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumin_(biljna_vrsta)" title="Kumin (biljna vrsta) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kumin (biljna vrsta)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumino" title="Kumino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kumino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jintan_putih" title="Jintan putih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jintan putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Зира – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зира" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cuminum cyminum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F" title="כמון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כמון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinten_putih" title="Jinten putih – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jinten putih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಜೀರಿಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀರಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ძირა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძირა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%9B%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B1" title="زیٛوٗر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زیٛوٗر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Зира – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зира" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jira" title="Jira – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jira" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C5%9Fke" title="Reşke – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Reşke" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cuminum cyminum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%ABns" title="Kumīns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kumīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гьефер – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гьефер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmyninis_kuminas" title="Kmyninis kuminas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kmyninis kuminas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3maik%C3%B6m%C3%A9ny" title="Rómaikömény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rómaikömény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="जीरा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जीरा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komina" title="Komina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Komina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ജീരകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീരകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemmun" title="Kemmun – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kemmun" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="जिरे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जिरे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="كمون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كمون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jintan_putih" title="Jintan putih – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jintan putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ဇီရာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komijn" title="Komijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Komijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="जीरा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीरा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3" title="クミン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クミン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisskum" title="Spisskum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spisskum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisskum" title="Spisskum – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spisskum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE" title="ଜିରା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜିରା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sariq_zira" title="Sariq zira – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sariq zira" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜੀਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmin_rzymski" title="Kmin rzymski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kmin rzymski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cominho" title="Cominho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cominho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimion" title="Chimion – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chimion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Зира (растение) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зира (растение)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जीरकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जीरकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cumin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="සූදුරු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සූදුරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cumin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%87%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="اڇو جيرو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اڇو جيرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rascovec_oby%C4%8Dajn%C3%BD" title="Rascovec obyčajný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rascovec obyčajný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalska_kumina" title="Orientalska kumina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orientalska kumina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кумин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кумин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinten_bodas" title="Jinten bodas – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jinten bodas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roomankumina" title="Roomankumina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roomankumina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiskummin" title="Spiskummin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spiskummin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komino" title="Komino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Komino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சீரகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீரகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takamimt" title="Takamimt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takamimt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="జీలకర్ర – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీలకర్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="ยี่หร่า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยี่หร่า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Зира – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зира" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಜೀರಿಗೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜೀರಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyon" title="Kimyon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Cuminum cyminum" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81" title="زیرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%AC_l%C3%A0_Ai_C%E1%BA%ADp" title="Thì là Ai Cập – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thì là Ai Cập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komyn" title="Komyn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Komyn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cuminum cyminum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9C%E7%84%B6" title="孜然 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="孜然" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9C%E7%84%B6" title="孜然 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="孜然" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9C%E7%84%B6" title="孜然 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孜然" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant with seeds used as a spice</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Geerah" redirects here. For a unit of measurement, see <a href="/wiki/Girah" title="Girah">girah</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Curcumin" title="Curcumin">curcumin</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cumin_(surname)" title="Cumin (surname)">Cumin (surname)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cummin_(given_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cummin (given name)">Cummin (given name)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cummins_(surname)" title="Cummins (surname)">Cummins (surname)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Cumin </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuminum_cyminum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-198.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cuminum_cyminum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-198.jpg/250px-Cuminum_cyminum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-198.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cuminum_cyminum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-198.jpg/330px-Cuminum_cyminum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-198.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cuminum_cyminum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-198.jpg/440px-Cuminum_cyminum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-198.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="593" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cuminum" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuminum" title="Cuminum"><i>Cuminum</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C. cyminum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Cuminum cyminum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a><sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" 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class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-mw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-old_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-mw_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b>Cuminum cyminum</b></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a>, native to the <a href="/wiki/Irano-Turanian_Region" title="Irano-Turanian Region">Irano-Turanian Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisines</a> of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a>, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">therapeutic agent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term comes via <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <i>comyn</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>cymen</i> (which is cognate with <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>kumin</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> cummin, both from the Latin term <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cuminum</i></span>. This in turn comes from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κύμινον</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">kúminon</i></span>), a <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> borrowing related to <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">כמון</span>‎</span></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">kammōn</i></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">كمون</span>‎</span></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">kammūn</i></span>). All of these ultimately derive from <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> <span title="Akkadian-language text"><span lang="akk">𒂵𒈬𒉡</span></span> (<span title="Akkadian-language text"><i lang="akk-Latn">kamūnu</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English word is traditionally pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KUM</span>-in</i></a>), like "coming" with an ⟨n⟩ instead of ⟨ng⟩ (/ŋ/).<sup id="cite_ref-Way_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Way-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American lexicographer <a href="/wiki/Grant_Barrett" title="Grant Barrett">Grant Barrett</a> notes that this pronunciation now is rarely used,<sup id="cite_ref-Way_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Way-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replaced in the late 20th century<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Hyperforeignism" title="Hyperforeignism">hyperforeignized</a> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KYOO</span>-min</i></a>) and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOO</span>-min</i></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Way_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Way-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sa_cumin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sa_cumin.jpg/220px-Sa_cumin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sa_cumin.jpg/330px-Sa_cumin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sa_cumin.jpg/440px-Sa_cumin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Cumin seeds, about 5 mm long.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cumin is the dried seed of the herb <i>Cuminum cyminum</i>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">parsley family</a>. The cumin plant grows to 30–50 cm (12–20 in) tall and is harvested by hand. It is an <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annual</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous plant</a>, with a slender, <a href="/wiki/Glabrousness_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glabrousness (botany)">glabrous</a>, branched <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stem</a> that is 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tall and has a diameter of 3–5 cm (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–2 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each branch has two to three sub-branches. All the branches attain the same height, so the plant has a uniform canopy.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stem is colored grey or dark green. The <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</a> are 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long, <a href="/wiki/Pinnate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnate">pinnate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bipinnate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipinnate">bipinnate</a>, with thread-like leaflets. The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are small, white or pink, and borne in <a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">umbels</a>. Each umbel has five to seven umbellets.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is a lateral fusiform or <a href="/wiki/Ovoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovoid">ovoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">achene</a> 4–5 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span>–<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">5</span></span> in) long, containing two mericarps with a single <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumin seeds have eight ridges with oil canals.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They resemble <a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">caraway</a> seeds, being oblong in shape, longitudinally ridged, and yellow-brown in color, like other members of the family Apiaceae (<a href="/wiki/Umbelliferae" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbelliferae">Umbelliferae</a>) such as caraway, parsley, and <a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">dill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Słowianek_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Słowianek-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confusion_with_other_spices">Confusion with other spices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Confusion with other spices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Cumin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Black_Cumin.jpg/220px-Black_Cumin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Black_Cumin.jpg/330px-Black_Cumin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Black_Cumin.jpg/440px-Black_Cumin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Black cumin seeds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caraway_Seed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Caraway_Seed.jpg/220px-Caraway_Seed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Caraway_Seed.jpg/330px-Caraway_Seed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Caraway_Seed.jpg/440px-Caraway_Seed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Caraway fruits are similar in shape and structure to cumin seeds</figcaption></figure> <p>Cumin is sometimes confused with <a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">caraway</a> (<i>Carum carvi</i>), another spice in the parsley family (<a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a>). Many European and Asian languages do not distinguish clearly between the two;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for example, in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> both are called <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">jinten</i></span>. Many <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic languages</a> refer to cumin as "<a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Roman</a> caraway" or "spice caraway". The distantly related <i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_bulbocastanum" title="Bunium bulbocastanum">Bunium bulbocastanum</a></i> and the unrelated <i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i> are both sometimes called black cumin (<i>q.v.</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-eb_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_CUMIN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Historical_CUMIN.jpg/220px-Historical_CUMIN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Historical_CUMIN.jpg/330px-Historical_CUMIN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Historical_CUMIN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Cuminum cyminum</i> Linn</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CuminEssOil.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CuminEssOil.png/170px-CuminEssOil.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CuminEssOil.png/255px-CuminEssOil.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CuminEssOil.png/340px-CuminEssOil.png 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Cumin essential oil in clear glass vial</figcaption></figure> <p>Likely originating in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Southwestern Asia</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nabhan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nabhan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cumin has been in use as a spice for thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeds of wild cumin were excavated in the now-submerged settlement of <a href="/wiki/Atlit_Yam" title="Atlit Yam">Atlit-Yam</a>, dated to the early 6th millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeds excavated in Syria were dated to the second millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have also been reported from several <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> levels of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian">ancient Egyptian</a> archaeological sites.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nabhan_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nabhan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the ancient Egyptian civilization, cumin was used as a spice and as a preservative in mummification.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nabhan_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nabhan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cumin was a significant spice for the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoans</a> in ancient <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a> for cumin appear in <a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a> archive tablets documenting <a href="/wiki/Minoan_palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan palace">Minoan palace</a> stores during the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization#Late_Minoan" title="Minoan civilization">Late Minoan</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancient Greeks kept cumin at the dining table in its own container (much as pepper is frequently kept today), and this practice continues in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. Cumin was also used heavily in ancient Roman cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, it has been used for millennia as a traditional ingredient in innumerable recipes, and forms the basis of many other spice blends.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cumin was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> by Spanish and Portuguese colonists. Black and green cumin are used in <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Persian cuisine</a>. Today, the plant is mostly grown in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Africa">Northern Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since cumin is often used as part of <a href="/wiki/Bird_food" title="Bird food">bird food</a> and exported to many countries, the plant can occur as an introduced species in many territories.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation_and_production">Cultivation and production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultivation and production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4622_-_Cumino_al_mercato_di_Ortigia,_Siracusa_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_20_marzo_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/4622_-_Cumino_al_mercato_di_Ortigia%2C_Siracusa_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_20_marzo_2014.jpg/220px-4622_-_Cumino_al_mercato_di_Ortigia%2C_Siracusa_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_20_marzo_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/4622_-_Cumino_al_mercato_di_Ortigia%2C_Siracusa_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_20_marzo_2014.jpg/330px-4622_-_Cumino_al_mercato_di_Ortigia%2C_Siracusa_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_20_marzo_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/4622_-_Cumino_al_mercato_di_Ortigia%2C_Siracusa_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_20_marzo_2014.jpg/440px-4622_-_Cumino_al_mercato_di_Ortigia%2C_Siracusa_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_20_marzo_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Ground cumin on display at the market in Ortigia, Syracuse (Italy)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cumin.JPG/250px-Cumin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cumin.JPG/330px-Cumin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cumin.JPG/500px-Cumin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Commercially packaged whole and ground cumin seeds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeera-rice.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jeera-rice.JPG/220px-Jeera-rice.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jeera-rice.JPG/330px-Jeera-rice.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jeera-rice.JPG/440px-Jeera-rice.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><i>Jeera</i> (cumin) rice, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian dish</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivation_areas">Cultivation areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultivation areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> is the world's largest producer of cumin, accounting for about 70%. The other major cumin-producing countries are <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (13%), <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (5%), <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> (3%), and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India produced 856,000 tons of cumin seed in the 2020–2021 fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climatic_requirements">Climatic requirements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climatic requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumin is a drought-tolerant tropical or subtropical crop. It is vulnerable to frost and has a growth season of 120 frost-free days.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The optimum growth temperature ranges are between 25 and 30 °C (77 and 86 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mediterranean climate is most suitable for its growth. Cultivation of cumin requires a long, hot summer of three to four months. At low temperatures, the leaf color changes from green to purple. High temperatures might reduce growth period and induce early ripening. In India, cumin is sown from October until the beginning of December, and harvesting starts in February.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Syria and Iran, cumin is sown from mid-November until mid-December (extensions up to mid-January are possible) and harvested in June/July.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grading">Grading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Food_grading" title="Food grading">Food grading</a></div> <p>The three noteworthy sorts of cumin seeds in the market vary in seed shading, amount of oil, and flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-Mintec_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mintec-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Iranian</li> <li>Indian, <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a></li> <li>Middle Eastern</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivation_parameters">Cultivation parameters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultivation parameters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumin is grown from seeds. The seeds need 2 to 5 °C (36 to 41 °F) for emergence, an optimum of 20–30 °C (68–86 °F) is suggested. Cumin is vulnerable to frost damage, especially at flowering and early seed formation stages.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methods to reduce frost damage are spraying with <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> (0.1%), irrigating the crop prior to frost incidence, setting up <a href="/wiki/Windbreak" title="Windbreak">windbreaks</a>, or creating an early-morning smoke cover.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seedlings of cumin are rather small and their vigor is low. Soaking the seeds for 8 hours before sowing enhances germination.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For an optimal plant population, a sowing density of 12–15 kilograms per hectare (11–13 lb/acre) is recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fertile, sandy, loamy soils with good aeration, proper drainage, and high oxygen availability are preferred. The pH optimum of the soil ranges from 6.8 to 8.3.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumin seedlings are sensitive to salinity<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and emergence from heavy soils is rather difficult. Therefore, a proper seedbed preparation (smooth bed) is crucial for the optimal establishment of cumin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Two sowing methods are used for cumin, broadcasting and line sowing.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For broadcast sowing, the field is divided into beds and the seeds are uniformly broadcast in this bed. Afterwards, they are covered with soil using a rake. For line sowing, shallow furrows are prepared with hooks at a distance of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 in). The seeds are then placed in these furrows and covered with soil. Line sowing offers advantages for intercultural operations such as weeding, hoeing, or spraying.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recommended sowing depth is 1–2 cm and the recommended sowing density is around 120 plants per m<sup>2</sup>. The water requirements of cumin are lower than those of many other species.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, cumin is often irrigated after sowing to be sure that enough moisture is available for seedling development. The amount and frequency of irrigation depends on the climate conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivation_management">Cultivation management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cultivation management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The relative humidity in the center of origin of cumin is rather low. High relative humidity (i.e. wet years) favors fungal diseases. Cumin is especially sensitive to <i><a href="/wiki/Alternaria" title="Alternaria">Alternaria</a></i> blight and <i><a href="/wiki/Fusarium" title="Fusarium">Fusarium</a></i> wilt. Early-sown crops exhibit stronger disease effects than late-sown crops. The most important disease is <i>Fusarium</i> wilt, resulting in yield losses up to 80%.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Fusarium</i> is seed- or soil-borne and it requires distinct soil temperatures for the development of epidemics.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inadequate fertilization might favor <i>Fusarium</i> epidemics.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumin blight (<i>Alternaria</i>) appears in the form of dark brown spots on leaves and stems.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the weather is cloudy after flowering, the incidence of the disease is increased.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another, but less important, disease is <a href="/wiki/Powdery_mildew" title="Powdery mildew">powdery mildew</a>. Incidence of powdery mildew in early development can cause drastic yield losses because no seeds are formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in development, powdery mildew causes discolored, small seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pathogens can lead to high reductions in crop yield. Cumin can be attacked by aphids (<i><a href="/wiki/Myzus_persicae" title="Myzus persicae">Myzus persicae</a></i>) at the flowering stage. They suck the sap of the plant from tender parts and flowers. The plant becomes yellow, the seed formation is reduced (yield reduction), and the quality of the harvested product decreases. Heavily infested plant parts should be removed. Other important pests are the mites (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrobia_latens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrobia latens (page does not exist)">Petrobia latens</a></i>) which frequently attack the crop. Since the mites mostly feed on young leaves, the infestation is more severe on young inflorescences.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The open canopy of cumin is another problem. Only a low proportion of the incoming light is absorbed. The <a href="/wiki/Leaf_area_index" title="Leaf area index">leaf area index</a> of cumin is low (about 1.5). This might be a problem because weeds can compete with cumin for essential resources such as water and light and thereby lower yield. The slow growth and the short stature of cumin favors weed competition additionally.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two hoeing and weeding sessions (30 and 60 days after sowing) are needed for the control of weeds. During the first weeding session (30 days after sowing), thinning should be done, as well, to remove excess plants. The use of preplant or pre-emergence <a href="/wiki/Herbicides" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbicides">herbicides</a> is very effective in India,<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this kind of herbicide application requires soil moisture for a successful weed control.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Cumin seed</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,567 kJ (375 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">44.24 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.25 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fibre</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">10.5 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">22.27 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.535 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">14.04 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.279 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">17.81 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 64 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div>762 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1270 IU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">52%</div> 0.628 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">25%</div> 0.327 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">29%</div> 4.579 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">26%</div> 0.435 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 10 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">12</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 24.7 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 7.7 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 IU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">22%</div> 3.33 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 5.4 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">72%</div> 931 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">369%</div> 66.36 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">222%</div> 931 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">145%</div> 3.333 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">40%</div> 499 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">60%</div> 1788 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 168 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">44%</div> 4.8 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">8.06 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;">Reference<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding">Breeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumin is a <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a> species with 14 <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a> (i.e. 2n = 14). The chromosomes of the different varieties have morphological similarities with no distinct variation in length and volume. Most of the varieties available today are selections.<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The variabilities of yield and yield components are high. Varieties are developed by sib mating in enclosed chambers<sup id="cite_ref-Sastry_Anandaraj_10-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastry_Anandaraj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by biotechnology. Cumin is a cross-pollinator, i.e. the breeds are already hybrids. Therefore, methods used for breeding are <i>in vitro</i> regenerations, DNA technologies, and gene transfers. The <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i> cultivation of cumin allows the production of genetically identical plants. The main sources for the explants used <i>in vitro</i> regenerations are embryos, <a href="/wiki/Hypocotyl" title="Hypocotyl">hypocotyl</a>, shoot internodes, leaves, and <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a>. One goal of cumin breeding is to improve its resistance to biotic (fungal diseases) and abiotic (cold, drought, salinity) stresses. The potential genetic variability for conventional breeding of cumin is limited and research about cumin genetics is scarce.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cumin" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cumin"> Cumin</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <p>Cumin seed is used as a <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> for its distinctive flavor and aroma.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nabhan_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nabhan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumin can be found in some cheeses, such as <a href="/wiki/Leyden_cheese" title="Leyden cheese">Leyden cheese</a>, and in some traditional breads from France. Cumin can be an ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">chili powder</a> (often <a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex</a> or Mexican-style) and is found in <i><a href="/wiki/Achiote" class="mw-redirect" title="Achiote">achiote</a></i> blends, <i><a href="/wiki/Adobo" title="Adobo">adobos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sofrito" title="Sofrito">sofrito</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">garam masala</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">curry powder</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Bahaarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahaarat">bahaarat</a></i>, and is used to flavor numerous commercial food products.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Indian and other South Asian cuisine, it is often combined with <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander seeds</a> in a powdered mixture called <i><a href="/wiki/Dhana_jiru" title="Dhana jiru">dhana jeera</a></i>. </p><p>Cumin can be used <a href="/wiki/Milling_(grinding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Milling (grinding)">ground</a> or as whole seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nabhan_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nabhan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It imparts an earthy, warming and aromatic character to food, making it a staple in certain stews and soups, as well as spiced gravies such as curry and chili.<sup id="cite_ref-nabhan_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nabhan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used as an ingredient in some pickles and pastries.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional">Traditional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Traditional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, the seeds are powdered and used in different forms such as <i>kashaya</i> (decoction), <i>arishta</i> (fermented decoction), and <i>vati</i> (tablet/pills), and processed with <i><a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a></i> (a semifluid clarified butter). In <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> practices of several countries, dried cumin seeds are believed to have medicinal purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there is no scientific evidence for any use as a drug or medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volatiles_and_essential_oil">Volatiles and essential oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Volatiles and essential oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cuminaldehyde" title="Cuminaldehyde">Cuminaldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/P-Cymene" title="P-Cymene">cymene</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid">terpenoids</a> are the major volatile components of cumin oil, which is used for a variety of <a href="/wiki/Flavoring" title="Flavoring">flavors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfumes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jsfa_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jsfa-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumin oil may be used as an ingredient in some <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aroma">Aroma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aroma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumin's flavor and warm aroma are due to its <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a> content, primarily the <a href="/wiki/Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">aroma compound</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuminaldehyde" title="Cuminaldehyde">cuminaldehyde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jsfa_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jsfa-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other aroma compounds of toasted cumin are the <a href="/wiki/Substitution_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substitution (chemistry)">substituted</a> <a href="/wiki/Pyrazine" title="Pyrazine">pyrazines</a>, 2-ethoxy-3-isopropylpyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-<i>sec</i>-butylpyrazine, and 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine. Other components include <a href="/wiki/Terpinene" title="Terpinene">γ-terpinene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safranal" title="Safranal">safranal</a>, <a href="/wiki/P-cymene" class="mw-redirect" title="P-cymene">p-cymene</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beta-Pinene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Pinene">β-pinene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cceo_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cceo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unec_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unec-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aacc_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aacc-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutritional_value">Nutritional value</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nutritional value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), cumin seeds provide high amounts of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">monounsaturated fat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a> (table). <a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">dietary minerals</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, are present in substantial Daily Value amounts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=12617">"<i>Cuminum cyminum</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">Germplasm Resources Information Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Cuminum+cyminum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomydetail.aspx%3Fid%3D12617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mw_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mw_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mw_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cumin">"Cumin"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster: Dictionary</i>. 8 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of the essential oil in Cuminum cyminum L". <i>Analytica Chimica Acta</i>. <b>647</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">72–</span>7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AcAC..647...72W">2009AcAC..647...72W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aca.2009.05.030">10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.030</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19576388">19576388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+nebulization+extraction+coupled+with+headspace+single+drop+microextraction+and+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry+for+analysis+of+the+essential+oil+in+Cuminum+cyminum+L&rft.volume=647&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E72-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19576388&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aca.2009.05.030&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009AcAC..647...72W&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Wang%2C+Z&rft.au=Zhang%2C+H&rft.au=Li%2C+X&rft.au=Zhang%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aacc-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aacc_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIacobellisLo_CantoreCapassoSenatore2005" class="citation journal cs1">Iacobellis NS, Lo Cantore P, Capasso F, Senatore F (January 2005). "Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. essential oils". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>53</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">57–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf0487351">10.1021/jf0487351</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15631509">15631509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Antibacterial+activity+of+Cuminum+cyminum+L.+and+Carum+carvi+L.+essential+oils&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf0487351&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15631509&rft.aulast=Iacobellis&rft.aufirst=NS&rft.au=Lo+Cantore%2C+P&rft.au=Capasso%2C+F&rft.au=Senatore%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cumin" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cumin">Cumin</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/cumin" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/cumin"><i>cumin</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template talk:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_lanzan" title="Buchanania lanzan">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edible_Apiaceae81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible [[ungulate|autocollapse]] navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:DarkOliveGreen; color:Honeydew;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Template:Edible Apiaceae"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:Honeydew">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Template talk:Edible Apiaceae"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:Honeydew">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edible Apiaceae"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:Honeydew">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edible_Apiaceae81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_Apiaceae" title="Category:Edible Apiaceae"><span style="color:Honeydew">Edible Apiaceae</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegopodium_podagraria" title="Aegopodium podagraria">Aegopodium podagraria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alepidea_peduncularis" title="Alepidea peduncularis">Alepidea peduncularis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrnium_olusatrum" title="Smyrnium olusatrum">Alexanders</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica archangelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthriscus_sylvestris" title="Anthriscus sylvestris">Anthriscus sylvestris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apium_prostratum" title="Apium prostratum">Apium prostratum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arracacia_xanthorrhiza" title="Arracacia xanthorrhiza">Arracacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">Carrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeriac" title="Celeriac">Celeriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centella_asiatica" title="Centella asiatica">Centella asiatica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaerophyllum_bulbosum" title="Chaerophyllum bulbosum">Chaerophyllum bulbosum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_celery" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese celery">Chinese celery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crithmum" title="Crithmum">Crithmum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia" title="Cryptotaenia">Cryptotaenia</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cumin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daucus_pusillus" title="Daucus pusillus">Daucus pusillus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echinophora_sibthorpiana" title="Echinophora sibthorpiana">Echinophora sibthorpiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elwendia_persica" title="Elwendia persica">Elwendia persica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erigenia" title="Erigenia">Erigenia bulbosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Eryngium foetidum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Heracleum persicum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_celery" title="Leaf celery">Leaf celery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligusticum_scoticum" title="Ligusticum scoticum">Ligusticum scoticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomatium" title="Lomatium">Lomatium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomatium_parryi" title="Lomatium parryi">Lomatium parryi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oenanthe_javanica" title="Oenanthe javanica">Oenanthe javanica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osmorhiza" title="Osmorhiza">Osmorhiza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">Parsnip</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perideridia" title="Perideridia">Perideridia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peucedanum_ostruthium" title="Peucedanum ostruthium">Peucedanum ostruthium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Psammogeton involucratus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ridolfia_segetum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridolfia segetum">Ridolfia segetum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sium_sisarum" title="Sium sisarum">Sium sisarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4846" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4846" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cuminum cyminum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132624" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q132624">Q132624</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cuminum_cyminum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cuminum cyminum">Cuminum cyminum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/27428">27428</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6C25L">6C25L</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=5043">5043</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/488085">488085</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CVUCY">CVUCY</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/152312">152312</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200015512">200015512</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015512">200015512</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3034775">3034775</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=12617">12617</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/161251">161251</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/840882-1">840882-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10456924">10456924</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17194">17194</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=501839">501839</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.145911/">2.145911</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000014748">NBNSYS0000014748</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=52462">52462</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/a23e61a9-6aa2-4c00-aa99-4d1cf0863751">a23e61a9-6aa2-4c00-aa99-4d1cf0863751</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/6667/">6667</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=961856">961856</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2747364">kew-2747364</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/CUCY">CUCY</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A840882-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840882-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/72392/wd/Details">72392</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/1700068">1700068</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000629277">wfo-0000629277</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cumin&oldid=1276384822">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cumin&oldid=1276384822</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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