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discrete-time controller</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: discrete-time controller"> <meta name="keywords" content="discrete-time controller"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="discrete-time controller"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 741</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: discrete-time controller</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">741</span> Design and Simulation of Unified Power Quality Conditioner based on Adaptive Fuzzy PI Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Ferdi">Brahim Ferdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Dib"> Samira Dib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), a combination of shunt and series active power filter, is one of the best solutions towards the mitigation of voltage and current harmonics problems in distribution power system. PI controller is very common in the control of UPQC. However, one disadvantage of this conventional controller is the difficulty in tuning its gains (Kp and Ki). To overcome this problem, an adaptive fuzzy logic PI controller is proposed. The controller is composed of fuzzy controller and PI controller. According to the error and error rate of the control system and fuzzy control rules, the fuzzy controller can online adjust the two gains of the PI controller to get better performance of UPQC. Simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed controller. The results show that the proposed controller has fast dynamic response and high accuracy of tracking the current and voltage references. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20fuzzy%20PI%20controller" title="adaptive fuzzy PI controller">adaptive fuzzy PI controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20harmonics" title=" current harmonics"> current harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20controller" title=" PI controller"> PI controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20harmonics" title=" voltage harmonics"> voltage harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UPQC" title=" UPQC"> UPQC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16996/design-and-simulation-of-unified-power-quality-conditioner-based-on-adaptive-fuzzy-pi-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">740</span> Designing Intelligent Adaptive Controller for Nonlinear Pendulum Dynamical System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ghasemi">R. Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Rahimi%20Khoygani"> M. R. Rahimi Khoygani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes the designing direct adaptive neural controller to apply for a class of a nonlinear pendulum dynamic system. The radial basis function (RBF) neural adaptive controller is robust in presence of external and internal uncertainties. Both the effectiveness of the controller and robustness against disturbances are importance of this paper. The simulation results show the promising performance of the proposed controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neural%20controller" title="adaptive neural controller">adaptive neural controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20dynamical" title=" nonlinear dynamical"> nonlinear dynamical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBF" title=" RBF"> RBF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driven%20pendulum" title=" driven pendulum"> driven pendulum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20control" title=" position control "> position control </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13745/designing-intelligent-adaptive-controller-for-nonlinear-pendulum-dynamical-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">739</span> A Single Loop Repetitive Controller for a Four Legs Matrix Converter Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Rohouma">Wesam Rohouma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of repetitive controller to regulate the output voltage of three phase four leg matric converter for an Aircraft Ground Power Supply Unit. The proposed controller improve the steady state error and provide good regulation during different loading. Simulation results of 7.5 KW converter are presented to verify the operation of the proposed controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20converter" title="matrix converter">matrix converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Power%20electronics" title=" Power electronics"> Power electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title=" controller"> controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18181/a-single-loop-repetitive-controller-for-a-four-legs-matrix-converter-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">738</span> Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Power System Using PI and Sliding Mode Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Derbeli">Mohamed Derbeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maissa%20Farhat"> Maissa Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oscar%20Barambones"> Oscar Barambones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lassaad%20Sbita"> Lassaad Sbita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional controller (PI) applied to a DC/DC boost converter for the improvement and optimization of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system efficiency, cannot attain a good performance effect. Thus, due to its advantages comparatively with the PI controller, this paper interest is focused on the use of the sliding mode controller (SMC), Stability of the closed loop system is analytically proved using Lyapunov approach for the proposed controller. The model and the controllers are implemented in the MATLAB and SIMULINK environment. A comparison of results indicates that the suggested approach has considerable advantages compared to the traditional controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%2FDC%20boost%20converter" title="DC/DC boost converter">DC/DC boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEMFC" title=" PEMFC"> PEMFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20controller" title=" PI controller"> PI controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20controller" title=" sliding mode controller"> sliding mode controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60160/control-of-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell-power-system-using-pi-and-sliding-mode-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">737</span> Designing Back-Stepping Sliding Mode Controller for a Class of 4Y Octorotor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Khabbazi">I. Khabbazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ghasemi"> R. Ghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a combination of both robust nonlinear controller and nonlinear controller for a class of nonlinear 4Y Octorotor UAV using Back-stepping and sliding mode controller. The robustness against internal and external disturbance and decoupling control are the merits of the proposed paper. The proposed controller decouples the Octorotor dynamical system. The controller is then applied to a 4Y Octorotor UAV and its feature will be shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode" title="sliding mode">sliding mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backstepping" title=" backstepping"> backstepping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoupling" title=" decoupling"> decoupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=octorotor%20UAV" title=" octorotor UAV"> octorotor UAV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14595/designing-back-stepping-sliding-mode-controller-for-a-class-of-4y-octorotor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">736</span> A Comparative Study on a Tilt-Integral-Derivative Controller with Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for a Pacemaker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysan%20Esgandanian">Aysan Esgandanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabalan%20Daneshvar"> Sabalan Daneshvar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is done to determine the comparison between proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) and tilt-integral-derivative (TID controller) for cardiac pacemaker systems, which can automatically control the heart rate to accurately track a desired preset profile. The controller offers good adaption of heart to the physiological needs of the patient. The parameters of the both controllers are tuned by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm which uses the integral of time square error as a fitness function to be minimized. Simulation results are performed on the developed cardiovascular system of humans and results demonstrate that the TID controller produces superior control performance than PID controllers. In this paper, all simulations were performed in Matlab. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20of%20time%20square%20error" title="integral of time square error">integral of time square error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pacemaker%20systems" title=" pacemaker systems"> pacemaker systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportional-integral-derivative%20controller" title=" proportional-integral-derivative controller"> proportional-integral-derivative controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO%20algorithm" title=" PSO algorithm"> PSO algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt-integral-derivative%20controller" title=" tilt-integral-derivative controller"> tilt-integral-derivative controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43351/a-comparative-study-on-a-tilt-integral-derivative-controller-with-proportional-integral-derivative-controller-for-a-pacemaker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">735</span> Design of Chaos Algorithm Based Optimal PID Controller for SVC </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Jalilzadeh">Saeid Jalilzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SVC is one of the most significant devices in FACTS technology which is used in parallel compensation, enhancing the transient stability, limiting the low frequency oscillations and etc. designing a proper controller is effective in operation of svc. In this paper the equations that describe the proposed system have been linearized and then the optimum PID controller has been designed for svc which its optimal coefficients have been earned by chaos algorithm. Quick damping of oscillations of generator is the aim of designing of optimum PID controller for svc whether the input power of generator has been changed suddenly. The system with proposed controller has been simulated for a special disturbance and the dynamic responses of generator have been presented. The simulation results showed that a system composed with proposed controller has suitable operation in fast damping of oscillations of generator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos" title="chaos">chaos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20controller" title=" PID controller"> PID controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVC" title=" SVC"> SVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20oscillation" title=" frequency oscillation"> frequency oscillation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15527/design-of-chaos-algorithm-based-optimal-pid-controller-for-svc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">734</span> Comparison of Proportional-Integral (P-I) and Integral-Propotional (I-P) Controllers for Speed Control in Vector Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Srikanth">V. Srikanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Balasubramanian"> K. Balasubramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajath%20R.%20Bhat"> Rajath R. Bhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Arjun"> A. S. Arjun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandhu%20Venugopal"> Nandhu Venugopal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananthu%20Unnikrishnan"> Ananthu Unnikrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indirect vector control is known to produce high performance in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives by decoupling flux and torque producing current components of stator current. The most commonly used controller or the vector control of AC motor is Proportional-Integral (P-I) controller. However, the P-I controller has some disadvantages such as high starting overshoot, sensitivity to controller gains and slower response to sudden disturbance. Therefore, the Integral-Proportional controller for PMSM drives to overcome the disadvantages of the P-I controller. Simulations results are presented and analyzed for both controllers and it is observed that Integral-Proportional (I-P) controllers give better responses than the traditional P-I controllers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMSM" title="PMSM">PMSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOC" title=" FOC"> FOC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20controller" title=" PI controller"> PI controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IP%20controller" title=" IP controller"> IP controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51399/comparison-of-proportional-integral-p-i-and-integral-propotional-i-p-controllers-for-speed-control-in-vector-controlled-permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">733</span> Power Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Used in Wind Turbine by RST Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boualouch">A. Boualouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Frigui"> A. Frigui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Nasser"> T. Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Essadki"> A. Essadki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Boukhriss"> A.Boukhriss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work deals with the vector control of the active and reactive powers of a Double-Fed Induction generator DFIG used as a wind generator by the polynomial RST controller. The control of the statoric power transfer between the machine and the grid is achieved by acting on the rotor parameters and control is provided by the polynomial controller RST. The performance and robustness of the controller are compared with PI controller and evaluated by simulation results in MATLAB/simulink. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title="DFIG">DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RST" title=" RST"> RST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20control" title=" vector control"> vector control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12075/power-control-of-a-doubly-fed-induction-generator-used-in-wind-turbine-by-rst-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">658</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">732</span> Ziegler Nichols Based Integral Proportional Controller for Superheated Steam Temperature Control System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amil%20Daraz">Amil Daraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suheel%20Abdullah%20Malik"> Suheel Abdullah Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Saleem"> Tahir Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Ali%20Bhati"> Sajid Ali Bhati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, Integral Proportional (I-P) controller is employed for superheated steam temperature control system. The Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method is used for the tuning of I-P controller. The performance analysis of Z-N based I-P controller is assessed on superheated steam system of 500-MW boiler. The comparison of transient response parameters such as rise time, settling time, and overshoot is made with Z-N based Proportional Integral (PI) controller. It is observed from the results that Z-N based I-P controller completely eliminates the overshoot in the output response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superheated%20steam" title="superheated steam">superheated steam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20reaction%20curve" title=" process reaction curve"> process reaction curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20and%20I-P%20controller" title=" PI and I-P controller"> PI and I-P controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziegler-Nichols%20Tuning" title=" Ziegler-Nichols Tuning"> Ziegler-Nichols Tuning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71394/ziegler-nichols-based-integral-proportional-controller-for-superheated-steam-temperature-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">731</span> H-Infinity Controller Design for the Switched Reluctance Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siwar%20Fadhel">Siwar Fadhel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Bahri"> Imen Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Zhang"> Man Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The switched reluctance machine (SRM) has undeniable qualities in terms of low cost and mechanical robustness. However, its highly nonlinear character and its uncertain parameters justify the development of complicated controls. In this paper, authors present the design of a robust H-infinity current controller for an 8/6 SRM with taking into account the nonlinearity of the SRM and with rejection of disturbances. The electromagnetic torque is indirectly regulated through the current controller. To show the performances of this control, a robustness analysis is performed by comparing the H-infinity and PI controller simulation results. This comparison demonstrates better performances for the presented controller. The effectiveness and robustness of the presented controller are also demonstrated by experimental tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20regulation" title="current regulation">current regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimentation" title=" experimentation"> experimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20H-infinity%20control" title=" robust H-infinity control"> robust H-infinity control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20reluctance%20machine" title=" switched reluctance machine"> switched reluctance machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54863/h-infinity-controller-design-for-the-switched-reluctance-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">730</span> An Approach on Robust Multi Inversion of a Nonlinear Model for an Omni-Directional Mobile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20P.%20Silva">Fernando P. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valter%20J.%20S.%20Leite"> Valter J. S. Leite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erivelton%20G.%20Nepomuceno"> Erivelton G. Nepomuceno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a nonlinear controller design for an omnidirectional mobile is presented. The robot controller consists of an inner-loop controller and an outer-loop controller, the 铿乺st is designed using state feedback (robust allocation) and the second controller is designed based on Robust Multi Inversion (RMI) approach. The objective of RMI controller is rendering the robust inversion of the dynamic, when the model is affected by uncertainties. A model nonlinear MIMO of an omni-directional robot (small-league of Robocup) is used to simulate the RMI approach. The parameters of linear and nonlinear model are varied to cause modelling uncertainties among the model and the real model (real system) generating an error in inner-loop controller signal that must be compensated by RMI controller. The simulation test results show that the RMI is capable of compensating the uncertainties and keep the system stable and controlled under uncertainties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20multi%20inversion" title="robust multi inversion">robust multi inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omni-directional%20robot" title=" omni-directional robot"> omni-directional robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robocup" title=" robocup"> robocup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20control" title=" nonlinear control"> nonlinear control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7104/an-approach-on-robust-multi-inversion-of-a-nonlinear-model-for-an-omni-directional-mobile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">729</span> Parameters Tuning of a PID Controller on a DC Motor Using Honey Bee and Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Jalilzadeh">Saeid Jalilzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PID controllers are widely used to control the industrial plants because of their robustness and simple structures. Tuning of the controller's parameters to get a desired response is difficult and time consuming. With the development of computer technology and artificial intelligence in automatic control field, all kinds of parameters tuning methods of PID controller have emerged in endlessly, which bring much energy for the study of PID controller, but many advanced tuning methods behave not so perfect as to be expected. Honey Bee algorithm (HBA) and genetic algorithm (GA) are extensively used for real parameter optimization in diverse fields of study. This paper describes an application of HBA and GA to the problem of designing a PID controller whose parameters comprise proportionality constant, integral constant and derivative constant. Presence of three parameters to optimize makes the task of designing a PID controller more challenging than conventional P, PI, and PD controllers design. The suitability of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through computer simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title="controller">controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GA" title=" GA"> GA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID" title=" PID"> PID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO" title=" PSO"> PSO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15526/parameters-tuning-of-a-pid-controller-on-a-dc-motor-using-honey-bee-and-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">728</span> Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of a Flexible Structure for Vibration Suppression Using MFC Actuator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsiang%20Shaw">Jinsiang Shaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Chieh%20Tseng"> Shih-Chieh Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active vibration control is good for low frequency excitation, with advantages of light weight and adaptability. This paper use a macro-fiber composite (MFC) actuator for vibration suppression in a cantilevered beam due to its higher output force to suppress the disturbance. A fuzzy sliding mode controller is developed and applied to this system. Experimental results illustrate that the controller and MFC actuator are very effective in attenuating the structural vibration near the first resonant freuqency. Furthermore, this controller is shown to outperform the traditional skyhook controller, with nearly 90% of the vibration suppressed at the first resonant frequency of the structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuzzy%20sliding%20mode%20controller" title="Fuzzy sliding mode controller">Fuzzy sliding mode controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-fiber-composite%20actuator" title=" macro-fiber-composite actuator"> macro-fiber-composite actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skyhook%20controller" title=" skyhook controller"> skyhook controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20suppression" title=" vibration suppression"> vibration suppression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25138/fuzzy-sliding-mode-control-of-a-flexible-structure-for-vibration-suppression-using-mfc-actuator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">727</span> Self-Tuning Dead-Beat PD Controller for Pitch Angle Control of a Bench-Top Helicopter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mansor">H. Mansor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.B.%20Mohd-Noor"> S.B. Mohd-Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20I.%20Othman"> N. I. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tazali"> N. Tazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20I.%20Boby"> R. I. Boby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an improved robust Proportional Derivative controller for a 3-Degree-of-Freedom (3-DOF) bench-top helicopter by using adaptive methodology. Bench-top helicopter is a laboratory scale helicopter used for experimental purposes which is widely used in teaching laboratory and research. Proportional Derivative controller has been developed for a 3-DOF bench-top helicopter by Quanser. Experiments showed that the transient response of designed PD controller has very large steady state error i.e., 50%, which is very serious. The objective of this research is to improve the performance of existing pitch angle control of PD controller on the bench-top helicopter by integration of PD controller with adaptive controller. Usually standard adaptive controller will produce zero steady state error; however response time to reach desired set point is large. Therefore, this paper proposed an adaptive with deadbeat algorithm to overcome the limitations. The output response that is fast, robust and updated online is expected. Performance comparisons have been performed between the proposed self-tuning deadbeat PD controller and standard PD controller. The efficiency of the self-tuning dead beat controller has been proven from the tests results in terms of faster settling time, zero steady state error and capability of the controller to be updated online. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deadbeat%20control" title=" deadbeat control"> deadbeat control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bench-top%20helicopter" title=" bench-top helicopter"> bench-top helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-tuning%20control" title=" self-tuning control"> self-tuning control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10581/self-tuning-dead-beat-pd-controller-for-pitch-angle-control-of-a-bench-top-helicopter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">726</span> Performance Comparisons between PID and Adaptive PID Controllers for Travel Angle Control of a Bench-Top Helicopter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mansor">H. Mansor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Mohd-Noor"> S. B. Mohd-Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Gunawan"> T. S. Gunawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khan"> S. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20I.%20Othman"> N. I. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tazali"> N. Tazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20B.%20Islam"> R. B. Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides a comparative study on the performances of standard PID and adaptive PID controllers tested on travel angle of a 3-Degree-of-Freedom (3-DOF) Quanser bench-top helicopter. Quanser, a well-known manufacturer of educational bench-top helicopter has developed Proportional Integration Derivative (PID) controller with Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for all travel, pitch and yaw angle of the bench-top helicopter. The performance of the PID controller is relatively good; however its performance could also be improved if the controller is combined with adaptive element. The objective of this research is to design adaptive PID controller and then compare the performances of the adaptive PID with the standard PID. The controller design and test is focused on travel angle control only. Adaptive method used in this project is self-tuning controller, which controller鈥檚 parameters are updated online. Two adaptive algorithms those are pole-placement and deadbeat have been chosen as the method to achieve optimal controller鈥檚 parameters. Performance comparisons have shown that the adaptive (deadbeat) PID controller has produced more desirable performance compared to standard PID and adaptive (pole-placement). The adaptive (deadbeat) PID controller attained very fast settling time (5 seconds) and very small percentage of overshoot (5% to 7.5%) for 10掳 to 30掳 step change of travel angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deadbeat" title=" deadbeat"> deadbeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole-placement" title=" pole-placement"> pole-placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bench-top%20helicopter" title=" bench-top helicopter"> bench-top helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-tuning%20control" title=" self-tuning control"> self-tuning control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15094/performance-comparisons-between-pid-and-adaptive-pid-controllers-for-travel-angle-control-of-a-bench-top-helicopter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">725</span> Maximum Power Point Tracking Using FLC Tuned with GA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Haraoubia">Mohamed Amine Haraoubia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Hamzaoui"> Abdelaziz Hamzaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najib%20Essounbouli"> Najib Essounbouli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pursuit of the MPPT has led to the development of many kinds of controllers, one of which is the Fuzzy Logic Controller, which has proven its worth. To further tune this controller this paper will discuss and analyze the use of Genetic Algorithms to tune the Fuzzy Logic Controller. It will provide an introduction to both systems, and test their compatibility and performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20controller" title="fuzzy logic controller">fuzzy logic controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20power%20point" title=" maximum power point"> maximum power point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20power%20point%20tracking" title=" maximum power point tracking"> maximum power point tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7055/maximum-power-point-tracking-using-flc-tuned-with-ga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">724</span> Synchronization of a Perturbed Satellite Attitude Motion using Active Sliding Mode Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djaouida%20Sadaoui">Djaouida Sadaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the design procedure of the active sliding mode controller which is a combination of the active controller and the sliding mode controller is given first and then the problem of synchronization of two satellites systems is discussed for the proposed method. Finally, numerical results are presented to evaluate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20control" title="active control">active control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronization" title=" synchronization"> synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20attitude" title=" satellite attitude"> satellite attitude</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27798/synchronization-of-a-perturbed-satellite-attitude-motion-using-active-sliding-mode-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">723</span> Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter with Internal Model Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Suleyman%20Taskincan">Fatih Suleyman Taskincan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Karaarslan"> Ahmet Karaarslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the study and analysis of Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) are presented for battery charging applications that will be used in military applications. The usage of this kind of converters come from its advantage of non-reverse polarity at outputs. As capacitors charge and discharge through inductance, peak current does not occur on capacitors. Therefore, the efficiency will be high compared to buck-boost converters. In this study, the converter (SEPIC) is designed to be operated with Internal Model Controller (IMC). The traditional controllers like Proportional Integral Controller are not preferred as its linearity behavior. Hence IMC is designed for this converter. This controller is a model-based control and provides more robustness and better set point monitoring. Moreover, it can be used for an unstable process where the conventional controller cannot handle the dynamic operation. Matlab/Simulink environment is used to simulate the converter and its controller, then, the results are shown and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%2FDC%20converter" title="DC/DC converter">DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20ended%20primary%20inductance%20converter" title=" single ended primary inductance converter"> single ended primary inductance converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEPIC" title=" SEPIC"> SEPIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20model%20controller" title=" internal model controller"> internal model controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMC" title=" IMC"> IMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20mode%20power%20supply" title=" switched mode power supply"> switched mode power supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130008/single-ended-primary-inductance-converter-with-internal-model-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">722</span> Improving Ride Comfort of a Bus Using Fuzzy Logic Controlled Suspension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mujde%20Turkkan">Mujde Turkkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurkan%20Yagiz"> Nurkan Yagiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study an active controller is presented for vibration suppression of a full-bus model. The bus is modelled having seven degrees of freedom. Using the achieved model via Lagrange Equations the system equations of motion are derived. The suspensions of the bus model include air springs with two auxiliary chambers are used. Fuzzy logic controller is used to improve the ride comfort. The numerical results, verifies that the presented fuzzy logic controller improves the ride comfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ride%20comfort" title="ride comfort">ride comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20spring" title=" air spring"> air spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus" title=" bus"> bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20controller" title=" fuzzy logic controller"> fuzzy logic controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3740/improving-ride-comfort-of-a-bus-using-fuzzy-logic-controlled-suspension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Design of a Sliding Controller for Optical Disk Drives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Sheng%20Lu">Yu-Sheng Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Hsin%20Cheng"> Chung-Hsin Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuen-Shing%20Jan"> Shuen-Shing Jan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and implementation of a sliding-mod controller for tracking servo of optical disk drives. The tracking servo is majorly subject to two disturbance sources: radial run-out and shock. The lateral run-out disturbance is mostly repeatable, and a model of such disturbance is incorporated into the controller design to effectively compensate for it. Meanwhile, as a shock disturbance is usually non-repeatable and unpredictable, the sliding-mode controller is employed for its robustness to abrupt perturbations. As a result, a sliding-mode controller design based on the internal model principle is tailored for tracking servo of optical disk drives in order to deal with these two major disturbances. Experimental comparative studies are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the specially designed controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronics" title="mechatronics">mechatronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20disk%20drive" title=" optical disk drive"> optical disk drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding-mode%20control" title=" sliding-mode control"> sliding-mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servo%20systems" title=" servo systems"> servo systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9020/design-of-a-sliding-controller-for-optical-disk-drives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Neural Adaptive Controller for a Class of Nonlinear Pendulum Dynamical System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Rahimi%20Khoygani">Mohammad Reza Rahimi Khoygani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ghasemi"> Reza Ghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, designing direct adaptive neural controller is applied for a class of a nonlinear pendulum dynamic system. The radial basis function (RBF) is used for the Neural network (NN). The adaptive neural controller is robust in presence of external and internal uncertainties. Both the effectiveness of the controller and robustness against disturbances are the merits of this paper. The promising performance of the proposed controllers investigates in simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pendulum%20dynamical%20system" title=" pendulum dynamical system"> pendulum dynamical system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20control" title=" nonlinear control"> nonlinear control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neural%20controller" title=" adaptive neural controller"> adaptive neural controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20dynamical" title=" nonlinear dynamical"> nonlinear dynamical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBF" title=" RBF"> RBF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driven%20pendulum" title=" driven pendulum"> driven pendulum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20control" title=" position control "> position control </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13649/neural-adaptive-controller-for-a-class-of-nonlinear-pendulum-dynamical-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">670</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Design and Implementation of LabVIEW Based Relay Autotuning Controller for Level Setup</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20M.%20Sarode">Manoj M. Sarode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharad%20P.%20Jadhav"> Sharad P. Jadhav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20D.%20Patil"> Mukesh D. Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushparaj%20S.%20Suryawanshi"> Pushparaj S. Suryawanshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even though the PID controller is widely used in industrial process, tuning of PID parameters are not easy. It is a time consuming and requires expert people. Another drawback of PID controller is that process dynamics might change over time. This can happen due to variation of the process load, normal wear and tear etc. To compensate for process behavior change over time, expert users are required to recalibrate the PID gains. Implementation of model based controllers usually needs a process model. Identification of process model is time consuming job and no guaranty of model accuracy. If the identified model is not accurate, performance of the controller may degrade. Model based controllers are quite expensive and the whole procedure for the implementation is sometimes tedious. To eliminate such issues Autotuning PID controller becomes vital element. Software based Relay Feedback Autotuning Controller proves to be efficient, upgradable and maintenance free controller. In Relay Feedback Autotune controller PID parameters can be achieved with a very short span of time. This paper presents the real time implementation of LabVIEW based Relay Feedback Autotuning PID controller. It is successfully developed and implemented to control level of a laboratory setup. Its performance is analyzed for different setpoints and found satisfactorily. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autotuning" title="autotuning">autotuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID" title=" PID"> PID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20level%20control" title=" liquid level control"> liquid level control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recalibrate" title=" recalibrate"> recalibrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labview" title=" labview"> labview</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title=" controller"> controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41445/design-and-implementation-of-labview-based-relay-autotuning-controller-for-level-setup" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Speed Control of Hybrid Stepper Motor by Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Ali%20Khan">Talha Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS), which is applied to a hybrid stepper motor (HSM) to regulate its speed. The dynamic response of the HSM with the ANFIS controller is studied during the starting process and under different load disturbance. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared with that of the conventional PI controller. The proposed method solves the problem of nonlinearities and load changes of the HSM drives. The proposed controller ensures fast and precise dynamic response with an excellent steady state performance. Matlab/Simulink program is used for this dynamic simulation study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stepper%20motor" title="stepper motor">stepper motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title=" ANFIS"> ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20control" title=" speed control"> speed control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15484/speed-control-of-hybrid-stepper-motor-by-using-adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Accurate and Repeatable Pressure Control for Critical Testing of Advanced Ceramics Using Proportional and Derivative Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benchalak%20Muangmeesri">Benchalak Muangmeesri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to test the best control performance of a ceramics. Hydraulic press machine (HPM) is the most common shaping of advanced ceramic with products, dimensions, and ceramic products mainly from synthetic powders. A microcontroller can be achieved to control process and has set high standards in the shaping of raw materials in powder form. HPM was proposed to develop a position control system that linked to the embedded controller PIC16F877 via Proportional and Derivative (PD) controller. The model is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the best control performance of an HPM. Finally, PD controller results, showing the best performance as it had the smallest overshoot and highest quality using a microcontroller control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramics" title="ceramics">ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20press" title=" hydraulic press"> hydraulic press</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcontroller" title=" microcontroller"> microcontroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PD%20controller" title=" PD controller"> PD controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90765/accurate-and-repeatable-pressure-control-for-critical-testing-of-advanced-ceramics-using-proportional-and-derivative-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Recursive Parametric Identification of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator-Based Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El%20Kachani">A. El Kachani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Chakir"> E. Chakir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ait%20Laachir"> A. Ait Laachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Niaaniaa"> A. Niaaniaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zerouaoui"> J. Zerouaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This document presents an adaptive controller based on recursive parametric identification applied to a wind turbine based on the doubly-fed induction machine (DFIG), to compensate the faults and guarantee efficient of the DFIG. The proposed adaptive controller is based on the recursive least square algorithm which considers that the best estimator for the vector parameter is the vector x minimizing a quadratic criterion. Furthermore, this method can improve the rapidity and precision of the controller based on a model. The proposed controller is validated via simulation on a 5.5 kW DFIG-based wind turbine. The results obtained seem to be good. In addition, they show the advantages of an adaptive controller based on recursive least square algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20controller" title="adaptive controller">adaptive controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recursive%20least%20squares%20algorithm" title=" recursive least squares algorithm"> recursive least squares algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20fed%20induction%20generator" title=" doubly fed induction generator"> doubly fed induction generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47239/recursive-parametric-identification-of-a-doubly-fed-induction-generator-based-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Multiloop Fractional Order PID Controller Tuned Using Cuckoo Algorithm for Two Interacting Conical Tank Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Sabura%20Banu">U. Sabura Banu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Lakshmanaprabu"> S. K. Lakshmanaprabu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The improvement of meta-heuristic algorithm encourages control engineer to design an optimal controller for industrial process. Most real-world industrial processes are non-linear multivariable process with high interaction. Even in sub-process unit, thousands of loops are available mostly interacting in nature. Optimal controller design for such process are still challenging task. Closed loop controller design by multiloop PID involves a tedious procedure by performing interaction study and then PID auto-tuning the loop with higher interaction. Finally, detuning the controller to accommodate the effects of the other process variables. Fractional order PID controllers are replacing integer order PID controllers recently. Design of Multiloop Fractional Order (MFO) PID controller is still more complicated. Cuckoo algorithm, a swarm intelligence technique is used to optimally tune the MFO PID controller with easiness minimizing Integral Time Absolute Error. The closed loop performance is tested under servo, regulatory and servo-regulatory conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuckoo%20algorithm" title="Cuckoo algorithm">Cuckoo algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutliloop%20fractional%20order%20PID%20controller" title=" mutliloop fractional order PID controller"> mutliloop fractional order PID controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20Interacting%20conical%20tank%20process" title=" two Interacting conical tank process"> two Interacting conical tank process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21246/multiloop-fractional-order-pid-controller-tuned-using-cuckoo-algorithm-for-two-interacting-conical-tank-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Design of Optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Attitude Controller for an Uncoupled Flexible Satellite Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martha%20C.%20Orazulume">Martha C. Orazulume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jibril%20D.%20Jiya"> Jibril D. Jiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flexible satellites are equipped with various appendages which vibrate under the influence of any excitation and make the attitude of the satellite to be unstable. Therefore, the system must be able to adjust to balance the effect of these appendages in order to point accurately and satisfactorily which is one of the most important problems in satellite design. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller is simple to design and computationally efficient to implement which is used to stabilize the effect of these flexible appendages. However, manual turning of the PID is time consuming, waste energy and money. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to tune the parameters of PID Controller. Simulation results obtained show that PSO tuned PID Controller is able to re-orient the spacecraft attitude as well as dampen the effect of mechanical resonance and yields better performance when compared with manually tuned PID Controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attitude%20Control" title="Attitude Control">Attitude Control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flexible%20Satellite" title=" Flexible Satellite"> Flexible Satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization" title=" Particle Swarm Optimization"> Particle Swarm Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20Controller%20and%20Optimization" title=" PID Controller and Optimization"> PID Controller and Optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37412/design-of-optimal-proportional-integral-derivative-attitude-controller-for-an-uncoupled-flexible-satellite-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Design and Implementation of a Fan Coil Unit Controller Based on the Duty Ratio Fuzzy Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Zhao">Liang Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jili%20Zhang"> Jili Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Li"> Kai Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A microcontroller-based fan coil unit (FCU) fuzzy controller is designed and implemented in this paper. The controller employs the concept of duty ratio on the electric valve control, which could make full use of the cooling and dehumidifying capacity of the FCU when the valve is off. The traditional control method and its limitations are analyzed. The hardware and software design processes are introduced in detail. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more energy efficient compared to the traditional controlling strategy. Furthermore, a more comfortable room condition could be achieved by the proposed method. The proposed low-cost FCU fuzzy controller deserves to be widely used in engineering applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fan%20coil%20unit" title="fan coil unit">fan coil unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duty%20ratio" title=" duty ratio"> duty ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20controller" title=" fuzzy controller"> fuzzy controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52767/design-and-implementation-of-a-fan-coil-unit-controller-based-on-the-duty-ratio-fuzzy-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Performance Comparison of Microcontroller-Based Optimum Controller for Fruit Drying System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Salisu">Umar Salisu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research presents the development of a hot air tomatoes drying system. To provide a more efficient and continuous temperature control, microcontroller-based optimal controller was developed. The system is based on a power control principle to achieve smooth power variations depending on a feedback temperature signal of the process. An LM35 temperature sensor and LM399 differential comparator were used to measure the temperature. The mathematical model of the system was developed and the optimal controller was designed and simulated and compared with the PID controller transient response. A controlled environment suitable for fruit drying is developed within a closed chamber and is a three step process. First, the infrared light is used internally to preheated the fruit to speedily remove the water content inside the fruit for fast drying. Second, hot air of a specified temperature is blown inside the chamber to maintain the humidity below a specified level and exhaust the humid air of the chamber. Third, the microcontroller disconnects the power to the chamber after the moisture content of the fruits is removed to minimal. Experiments were conducted with 1kg of fresh tomatoes at three different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 掳C) at constant relative humidity of 30%RH. The results obtained indicate that the system is significantly reducing the drying time without affecting the quality of the fruits. In the context of temperature control, the results obtained showed that the response of the optimal controller has zero overshoot whereas the PID controller response overshoots to about 30% of the set-point. Another performance metric used is the rising time; the optimal controller rose without any delay while the PID controller delayed for more than 50s. It can be argued that the optimal controller performance is preferable than that of the PID controller since it does not overshoot and it starts in good time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title="drying">drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcontroller" title=" microcontroller"> microcontroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20controller" title=" optimum controller"> optimum controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20controller" title=" PID controller"> PID controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49516/performance-comparison-of-microcontroller-based-optimum-controller-for-fruit-drying-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20controller&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20controller&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20controller&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20controller&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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