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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">.ph</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A" title=".পিএইচ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title=".পিএইচ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toppdom%C3%A4n#P" title="Toppdomän – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Toppdomän" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph." title="Ph. – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="Ph." data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ph" title=".ph – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title=".ph" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internet country code top-level domain for the Philippines</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">.ph</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Domainph.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Domainph.png/240px-Domainph.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/Domainph.png 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="205" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">14 September 1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">TLD</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">country code top-level domain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registry" title="Domain name registry">Registry</a></th><td class="infobox-data">dotPH Domains Inc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sponsor</th><td class="infobox-data">PH Domain Foundation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Intended use</th><td class="infobox-data">Entities connected with the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Actual use</th><td class="infobox-data">Fairly popular in the Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration restrictions</th><td class="infobox-data">None in general; some specific subdomains (.gov.ph, .mil.ph, .edu.ph) have restrictions; domain names are written in basic Latin alphabet without diacritics only.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structure</th><td class="infobox-data">Registration may be done at second level or at third level beneath generic-category 2nd level domains such as .com.ph</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dispute policies</th><td class="infobox-data">dotPH Dispute Resolution Process<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/DNSSEC" class="mw-redirect" title="DNSSEC">DNSSEC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registry website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot.ph">www<wbr />.dot<wbr />.ph</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>.ph</b> is the Internet <a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">country code top-level domain</a> (ccTLD) for the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. </p><p>The official domain registry of the .ph domain is dotPH Domains Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-about-dotph_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-dotph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dotPH holds and maintains the database of PH domain names, specifically .ph, .com.ph, .net.ph, and .org.ph.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dotph-releases-iph_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dotph-releases-iph-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-i-ph-site_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i-ph-site-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">domain name registrars</a> are not only individuals, businesses, and organizations in the Philippines, but also those in other parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-about-dotph_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-dotph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PH domain is currently administered by José Emmanuel "Joel" Disini,<sup id="cite_ref-ph-whois_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph-whois-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is also dotPH's current CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disini has been the domain administrator since <a href="/wiki/Jon_Postel" title="Jon Postel">Jon Postel</a> assigned him the domain in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phildac-whitepaper-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jed-i-ph-winthrop_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jed-i-ph-winthrop-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The domain is sponsored by the PH Domain Foundation,<sup id="cite_ref-ph-whois_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph-whois-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a social outreach arm of dotPH which was also founded by Disini together with a group of IT professionals in August 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-phdf-profile_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phdf-profile-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, the administration of the .gov.ph domain was sub-delegated to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-phildac_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phildac-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In like manner, .edu.ph was sub-delegated to the Philippine Network Foundation, Inc. (PHNET).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from being the registry, dotPH sells domains and web-related services such as web hosting, co-location, private registration and e-mail forwarding.<sup id="cite_ref-dotPH-website_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dotPH-website-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dotPH also offers a free referral service which connects Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises with a network of over 300 accredited professional Filipino web designers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It formerly offered a free blogging service through .i.ph domains.<sup id="cite_ref-dotph-releases-iph_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dotph-releases-iph-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-i-ph-site_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i-ph-site-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.ph&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_of_the_.ph_registry">Birth of the .ph registry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.ph&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth of the .ph registry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, Joel Disini founded the Email Company (EMC), one of the earliest Internet service providers in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-phdf-news_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phdf-news-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cargonews_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cargonews-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time most networks (including EMC) were connected to the Internet via <a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a>. Disini's network had a UUCP connection to <a href="/wiki/UUNET" title="UUNET">UUNET</a>. This network connection, along with Disini's credentials as a Computer Science and Electrical Engineering graduate of Caltech and five-year experience in Macintosh Networking & Communications software development in Cupertino, California, became Jon Postel's basis for delegating the .ph domain to him.<sup id="cite_ref-jed-i-ph-winthrop_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jed-i-ph-winthrop-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The .ph country code top-level domain was officially delegated on September 14, 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-ph-whois_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph-whois-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, .ph domains have been commercially available to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phildac-whitepaper-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, the PHNET wide-area network, a project funded by <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)">DOST</a>, completed its development and was able to connect the Philippines to the rest of the world by establishing TCP/IP connections to the U.S. using 64 kbit/s international leased lines.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this point, the PHNET Foundation wanted to take over the administration of the .ph domain registry. Protracted negotiations took place, and eventually the responsibility of administrating the .edu.ph and .gov.ph domains were transferred to the PHNET Foundation and the Department of Science and Technology, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phildac-whitepaper-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that time domain fees ranged from Php 450 to Php 1,350.<sup id="cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phildac-whitepaper-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domains registered during this period had no expiration and therefore had no renewal rates, thus the label lifetime domains.<sup id="cite_ref-lifetime-domains_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifetime-domains-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a fee was charged for modifications to these domains. Lifetime domains were non-transferable, and were only valid for the lifetime of the original Registrant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PH_Domain_Foundation_and_dotPH">PH Domain Foundation and dotPH</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.ph&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: PH Domain Foundation and dotPH"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1999 Disini and the technical people at EMC formed the PH Domain Foundation. It sought to promote the Internet and free unlimited email services in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-phdf-profile_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phdf-profile-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also took charge of the domain selling business<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the management of the .ph domain registry.<sup id="cite_ref-ph-whois_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph-whois-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 1, 1999, the PH Domain Foundation launched a fully automated online system for domain registration. It also launched a flat .ph domain space, enabling people to register domains like "<code>domainname.ph</code>".<sup id="cite_ref-web-dot-com_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web-dot-com-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asia-internet-com-flat-ph_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia-internet-com-flat-ph-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lifetime domain registration was halted, and all domains registered after October 1 subsequently carried expiration dates. These domain owners had to pay a fee to renew their domains.<sup id="cite_ref-lifetime-domains_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifetime-domains-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At around this period, the "for-profit" business and technical side of the PH Domain Foundation became identified as dotPH. Activities related to domains and the business were now attributed to dotPH, such as the resolution on the dispute between Yahoo! Philippines and another Philippine company,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the launching of the automated online registration system,<sup id="cite_ref-asia-internet-com-flat-ph_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia-internet-com-flat-ph-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even the administration of the .ph domain registry itself. To this day, dotPH is the official domain registry of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-dotPH-website_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dotPH-website-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_developments">Other developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.ph&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000, dotPH developed a system called the Shared Registry System (SRS) which enabled <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">domain name registrars</a> and ISP's to manage domains and accept registrations on their own website by connecting to the dotPH registry backend. This is done by downloading and installing on their server a module that does the actual communication with the registry backend using an <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>-based protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dotPH also became one of the first Philippine websites to accept online credit card payments.<sup id="cite_ref-about-dotph_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-dotph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the years, dotPH has expanded its offerings to more than just domain names. Becoming a Google Cloud Partner in 2016 allowed dotPH to offer cloud and collaboration solutions in addition to services such as web hosting, SSL certificates and website builders.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dotPH currently uses the <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Provisioning_Protocol" title="Extensible Provisioning Protocol">Extensible Provisioning Protocol</a> (EPP), the most widely used protocol for communicating between Domain Registries and Registrars, to process domain registrations and renewals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.ph&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dot.ph/corporate/policies/uniform-dispute-resolution-policy">http://www.dot.ph/corporate/policies/uniform-dispute-resolution-policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055430/http://www.dot.ph/corporate/policies/uniform-dispute-resolution-policy">Archived</a> September 21, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "dotPH Dispute Resolution policy". Retrieved on June 18, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dot.ph/corporate/policies/icann-vs-dotph-udrp">http://www.dot.ph/corporate/policies/icann-vs-dotph-udrp</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055613/http://www.dot.ph/corporate/policies/icann-vs-dotph-udrp">Archived</a> September 21, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "ICANN v. dotPH UDRP". Retrieved on June 18, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-dotph-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about-dotph_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about-dotph_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about-dotph_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot.ph/faq/">"dotPH FAQ"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726175145/https://www.dot.ph/faq/">Archived</a> July 26, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "dotPH website". Retrieved on May 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot.ph/corporate/dnsa">"Domain Name Service Agreement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927225958/https://www.dot.ph/corporate/dnsa">Archived</a> September 27, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "dotPH Policies". Retrieved on Aug 11, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dotph-releases-iph-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dotph-releases-iph_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dotph-releases-iph_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ph/news/dotph-releases-worlds-first-anonymous-domain">"dotPH releases world's first anonymous domain"</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130003936/http://dotph.domains.ph/news/dotph-releases-worlds-first-anonymous-domain">Archived</a> January 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "dotPH News". Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i-ph-site-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-i-ph-site_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i-ph-site_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i.ph/">i.ph Website</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709113807/http://www.i.ph/">Archived</a> July 9, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>defunct</i>. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ph-whois-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ph-whois_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ph-whois_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ph-whois_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ph-whois_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/ph.html">".ph Whois information"</a>, <i>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</i>. Retrieved on May 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Disini, Joel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321134911/http://jed.i.ph/">"About Me"</a>, <i>jed.i.ph</i>. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ph/news/govt-ict-services-criticized">"Gov't. ICT Services Criticized"</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130104425/http://dotph.domains.ph/news/govt-ict-services-criticized">Archived</a> January 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "dotPH News". Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phildac-whitepaper-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phildac-whitepaper_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ph.net/phildac/whitepaper.html">The PH Domain and the Need for Policy Reforms</a>. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jed-i-ph-winthrop-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jed-i-ph-winthrop_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jed-i-ph-winthrop_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Disini, Joel (June 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jed.i.ph/blogs/jed/2005/06/08/my-reply-to-winthrop-yu-on-his-pics-letter/">"My Reply To Winthrop Yu On His PICS Letter"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012073456/http://jed.i.ph/blogs/jed/2005/06/08/my-reply-to-winthrop-yu-on-his-pics-letter/">Archived</a> October 12, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>jed.i.ph</i>. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phdf-profile-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-phdf-profile_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phdf-profile_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phdf.org.ph/profile.html">"PH Domain Foundation Profile/Background"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060108/http://www.phdf.org.ph/profile.html">Archived</a> September 21, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>PH Domain Foundation website</i>. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phildac-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phildac_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ph.net/phildac/whitepaper.html">Whitepaper of PhilDAC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ph.net">PHNET website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dotPH-website-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dotPH-website_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dotPH-website_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot.ph">dotPH website</a>. Retrieved on May 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ph/services">dotPH Services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061103/http://www.dot.ph/services">Archived</a> September 21, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on June 13, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webdesign.dot.ph">dotPH Web Design Services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726180049/https://webdesign.dot.ph/">Archived</a> July 26, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on May 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phdf-news-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phdf-news_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garcia, Jing (July 1, 2001). "A Day In The Life Of Joel Disini", <i>Manila Standard</i> Business Sunday column. Quoted in full at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phdf.org.ph/news/07012001.html">PH Domain Foundation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060105/http://www.phdf.org.ph/news/07012001.html">Archived</a> September 21, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> website. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cargonews-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cargonews_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mallari, Rene (July 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cargonewsasia.com/timesnet/data/ab/docs/ab2462.html">"Doing It Hard"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512050650/http://www.cargonewsasia.com/timesnet/data/ab/docs/ab2462.html">Archived</a> May 12, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Cargonews Asia</i>. Retrieved on May 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emc.com.ph/profile.html">"EMC Company Profile"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726113511/http://www.emc.com.ph/profile.html">Archived</a> July 26, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>EMC website</i>. Retrieved on May 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ph.net/about.htm">PHNET's history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193032/http://www.ph.net/about.htm">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Philippine Network Foundation, Inc. website</i>. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lifetime-domains-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lifetime-domains_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifetime-domains_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ph/LifetimeDomains.asp">"Manage Lifetime Domains"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008030154/http://www.dot.ph/LifetimeDomains.asp">Archived</a> October 8, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "dotPH website". Retrieved on May 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewel, John (September 9, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asia.internet.com/news/print.php/652281">"Philippine Domain Registry Adopts Quicker Policy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123838/http://asia.internet.com/news/print.php/652281">Archived</a> February 9, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>asia.internet.com</i>. Retrieved on May 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web-dot-com-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-web-dot-com_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"PH Domain Foundation launches flat domain space, automated registration", <i>Manila Bulletin</i>, October 21, 1999. Quoted in full on Internet Toolbox Vol. 11, November 1–15, 1999 series at the <i>Web Dot Com Website Development Philippines</i> site (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010526202457/http://www.webdc.com.ph/toolbox/November1-15.htm">Web Archive copy</a>). Retrieved on May 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asia-internet-com-flat-ph-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asia-internet-com-flat-ph_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asia-internet-com-flat-ph_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajendran, Joseph (October 20, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asia.internet.com/news/article.php/642621/DotPH+Introduces+Flat+Domain+Names+.htm">"DotPH Introduces Flat Domain Names"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124032/http://asia.internet.com/news/article.php/642621/DotPH+Introduces+Flat+Domain+Names+.htm">Archived</a> February 9, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>asia.internet.com</i>. Retrieved on May 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatdomains.com/us/news/1840/Yet-Another-Yahoo-Dispute/">Yet Another Yahoo! Dispute: Yahoo! Philippines wins dispute against local company</a>", <i>Financial Times Limited</i>, May 22, 2001. Retrieved on January 2, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ph/SRS.asp">"Registrar Program – Setup Your Registration Page"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013120247/http://www2.dot.ph/srs.asp">Archived</a> October 13, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "dotPH website". Retrieved on May 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot.ph/products/">"Products and Services | dotPH | Official Domain Registry of the Philippines"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Products+and+Services+%26%23124%3B+dotPH+%26%23124%3B+Official+Domain+Registry+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.ph%2Fproducts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.ph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.ph&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arbiter.wipo.int/events/meetings/2001/cctlds/speakers/disini.html">Current PH ccTLD administrator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/root-whois/ph.htm">IANA .ph whois information</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CcTLD" title="Template:CcTLD"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CcTLD" title="Template talk:CcTLD"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CcTLD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CcTLD"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Country_code_top-level_domains287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Country code top-level domains</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ISO_3166-1287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">ISO 3166-1</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><b>A</b> <a href="/wiki/.ac" title=".ac">.ac</a> <a href="/wiki/.ad" title=".ad">.ad</a> <a href="/wiki/.ae" title=".ae">.ae</a> <a href="/wiki/.af" title=".af">.af</a> <a href="/wiki/.ag" title=".ag">.ag</a> <a href="/wiki/.ai" title=".ai">.ai</a> <a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a> <a href="/wiki/.am" title=".am">.am</a> <a href="/wiki/.ao" title=".ao">.ao</a> <a href="/wiki/.aq" title=".aq">.aq</a> <a href="/wiki/.ar" title=".ar">.ar</a> <a href="/wiki/.as" title=".as">.as</a> <a href="/wiki/.at" title=".at">.at</a> <a href="/wiki/.au" title=".au">.au</a> <a href="/wiki/.aw" title=".aw">.aw</a> <a href="/wiki/.ax" title=".ax">.ax</a> <a href="/wiki/.az" title=".az">.az</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>B</b> <a href="/wiki/.ba" title=".ba">.ba</a> <a href="/wiki/.bb" title=".bb">.bb</a> <a href="/wiki/.bd" title=".bd">.bd</a> <a href="/wiki/.be" title=".be">.be</a> <a href="/wiki/.bf" title=".bf">.bf</a> <a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.bg</a> <a href="/wiki/.bh" title=".bh">.bh</a> <a href="/wiki/.bi" title=".bi">.bi</a> <a href="/wiki/.bj" title=".bj">.bj</a> <a href="/wiki/.bm" title=".bm">.bm</a> <a href="/wiki/.bn" title=".bn">.bn</a> <a href="/wiki/.bo" title=".bo">.bo</a> <a href="/wiki/.br" title=".br">.br</a> <a href="/wiki/.bs" title=".bs">.bs</a> <a href="/wiki/.bt" title=".bt">.bt</a> <a href="/wiki/.bw" title=".bw">.bw</a> <a href="/wiki/.by" title=".by">.by</a> <a href="/wiki/.bz" title=".bz">.bz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>C</b> <a href="/wiki/.ca" title=".ca">.ca</a> <a href="/wiki/.cc" title=".cc">.cc</a> <a href="/wiki/.cd" title=".cd">.cd</a> <a href="/wiki/.cf" title=".cf">.cf</a> <a href="/wiki/.cg" title=".cg">.cg</a> <a href="/wiki/.ch" title=".ch">.ch</a> <a href="/wiki/.ci" title=".ci">.ci</a> <a href="/wiki/.ck" title=".ck">.ck</a> <a href="/wiki/.cl" title=".cl">.cl</a> <a href="/wiki/.cm" title=".cm">.cm</a> <a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.cn</a> <a href="/wiki/.co" title=".co">.co</a> <a href="/wiki/.cr" title=".cr">.cr</a> <a href="/wiki/.cu" title=".cu">.cu</a> <a href="/wiki/.cv" title=".cv">.cv</a> <a href="/wiki/.cw" title=".cw">.cw</a> <a href="/wiki/.cx" title=".cx">.cx</a> <a href="/wiki/.cy" title=".cy">.cy</a> <a href="/wiki/.cz" title=".cz">.cz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>D</b> <a href="/wiki/.de" title=".de">.de</a> <a href="/wiki/.dj" title=".dj">.dj</a> <a href="/wiki/.dk" title=".dk">.dk</a> <a href="/wiki/.dm" title=".dm">.dm</a> <a href="/wiki/.do" title=".do">.do</a> <a href="/wiki/.dz" title=".dz">.dz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>E</b> <a href="/wiki/.ec" title=".ec">.ec</a> <a href="/wiki/.ee" title=".ee">.ee</a> <a href="/wiki/.eg" title=".eg">.eg</a> <a href="/wiki/.er" title=".er">.er</a> <a href="/wiki/.es" title=".es">.es</a> <a href="/wiki/.et" title=".et">.et</a> <a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>F</b> <a href="/wiki/.fi" title=".fi">.fi</a> <a href="/wiki/.fj" title=".fj">.fj</a> <a href="/wiki/.fk" title=".fk">.fk</a> <a href="/wiki/.fm" title=".fm">.fm</a> <a href="/wiki/.fo" title=".fo">.fo</a> <a href="/wiki/.fr" title=".fr">.fr</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>G</b> <a href="/wiki/.ga" title=".ga">.ga</a> <a href="/wiki/.gd" title=".gd">.gd</a> <a href="/wiki/.ge" title=".ge">.ge</a> <a href="/wiki/.gf" title=".gf">.gf</a> <a href="/wiki/.gg" title=".gg">.gg</a> <a href="/wiki/.gh" title=".gh">.gh</a> <a href="/wiki/.gi" title=".gi">.gi</a> <a href="/wiki/.gl" title=".gl">.gl</a> <a href="/wiki/.gm" title=".gm">.gm</a> <a href="/wiki/.gn" title=".gn">.gn</a> <a href="/wiki/.gp" title=".gp">.gp</a> <a href="/wiki/.gq" title=".gq">.gq</a> <a href="/wiki/.gr" title=".gr">.gr</a> <a href="/wiki/.gs" title=".gs">.gs</a> <a href="/wiki/.gt" title=".gt">.gt</a> <a href="/wiki/.gu" title=".gu">.gu</a> <a href="/wiki/.gw" title=".gw">.gw</a> <a href="/wiki/.gy" title=".gy">.gy</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>H</b> <a href="/wiki/.hk" title=".hk">.hk</a> <a href="/wiki/.hm" title=".hm">.hm</a> <a href="/wiki/.hn" title=".hn">.hn</a> <a href="/wiki/.hr" title=".hr">.hr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ht" title=".ht">.ht</a> <a href="/wiki/.hu" title=".hu">.hu</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>I</b> <a href="/wiki/.id" title=".id">.id</a> <a href="/wiki/.ie" title=".ie">.ie</a> <a href="/wiki/.il" title=".il">.il</a> <a href="/wiki/.im" title=".im">.im</a> <a href="/wiki/.in" title=".in">.in</a> <a href="/wiki/.io" title=".io">.io</a> <a href="/wiki/.iq" title=".iq">.iq</a> <a href="/wiki/.ir" title=".ir">.ir</a> <a href="/wiki/.is" title=".is">.is</a> <a href="/wiki/.it" title=".it">.it</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>J</b> <a href="/wiki/.je" title=".je">.je</a> <a href="/wiki/.jm" title=".jm">.jm</a> <a href="/wiki/.jo" title=".jo">.jo</a> <a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.jp</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>K</b> <a href="/wiki/.ke" title=".ke">.ke</a> <a href="/wiki/.kg" title=".kg">.kg</a> <a href="/wiki/.kh" title=".kh">.kh</a> <a href="/wiki/.ki" title=".ki">.ki</a> <a href="/wiki/.km" title=".km">.km</a> <a href="/wiki/.kn" title=".kn">.kn</a> <a href="/wiki/.kp" title=".kp">.kp</a> <a href="/wiki/.kr" title=".kr">.kr</a> <a href="/wiki/.kw" title=".kw">.kw</a> <a href="/wiki/.ky" title=".ky">.ky</a> <a href="/wiki/.kz" title=".kz">.kz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>L</b> <a href="/wiki/.la" title=".la">.la</a> <a href="/wiki/.lb" title=".lb">.lb</a> <a href="/wiki/.lc" title=".lc">.lc</a> <a href="/wiki/.li" title=".li">.li</a> <a href="/wiki/.lk" title=".lk">.lk</a> <a href="/wiki/.lr" title=".lr">.lr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ls" title=".ls">.ls</a> <a href="/wiki/.lt" title=".lt">.lt</a> <a href="/wiki/.lu" title=".lu">.lu</a> <a href="/wiki/.lv" title=".lv">.lv</a> <a href="/wiki/.ly" title=".ly">.ly</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>M</b> <a href="/wiki/.ma" title=".ma">.ma</a> <a href="/wiki/.mc" title=".mc">.mc</a> <a href="/wiki/.md" title=".md">.md</a> <a href="/wiki/.me" title=".me">.me</a> <a href="/wiki/.mg" title=".mg">.mg</a> <a href="/wiki/.mh" title=".mh">.mh</a> <a href="/wiki/.mk" title=".mk">.mk</a> <a href="/wiki/.ml" title=".ml">.ml</a> <a href="/wiki/.mm" title=".mm">.mm</a> <a href="/wiki/.mn" title=".mn">.mn</a> <a href="/wiki/.mo" title=".mo">.mo</a> <a href="/wiki/.mp" title=".mp">.mp</a> <a href="/wiki/.mq" title=".mq">.mq</a> <a href="/wiki/.mr" title=".mr">.mr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ms" title=".ms">.ms</a> <a href="/wiki/.mt" title=".mt">.mt</a> <a href="/wiki/.mu" title=".mu">.mu</a> <a href="/wiki/.mv" title=".mv">.mv</a> <a href="/wiki/.mw" title=".mw">.mw</a> <a href="/wiki/.mx" title=".mx">.mx</a> <a href="/wiki/.my" title=".my">.my</a> <a href="/wiki/.mz" title=".mz">.mz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>N</b> <a href="/wiki/.na" title=".na">.na</a> <a href="/wiki/.nc" title=".nc">.nc</a> <a href="/wiki/.ne" title=".ne">.ne</a> <a href="/wiki/.nf" title=".nf">.nf</a> <a href="/wiki/.ng" title=".ng">.ng</a> <a href="/wiki/.ni" title=".ni">.ni</a> <a href="/wiki/.nl" title=".nl">.nl</a> <a href="/wiki/.no" title=".no">.no</a> <a href="/wiki/.np" title=".np">.np</a> <a href="/wiki/.nr" title=".nr">.nr</a> <a href="/wiki/.nu" title=".nu">.nu</a> <a href="/wiki/.nz" title=".nz">.nz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>O</b> <a href="/wiki/.om" title=".om">.om</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>P</b> <a href="/wiki/.pa" title=".pa">.pa</a> <a href="/wiki/.pe" title=".pe">.pe</a> <a href="/wiki/.pf" title=".pf">.pf</a> <a href="/wiki/.pg" title=".pg">.pg</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">.ph</a> <a href="/wiki/.pk" title=".pk">.pk</a> <a href="/wiki/.pl" title=".pl">.pl</a> <a href="/wiki/.pm" title=".pm">.pm</a> <a href="/wiki/.pn" title=".pn">.pn</a> <a href="/wiki/.pr" title=".pr">.pr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ps" title=".ps">.ps</a> <a href="/wiki/.pt" title=".pt">.pt</a> <a href="/wiki/.pw" title=".pw">.pw</a> <a href="/wiki/.py" title=".py">.py</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>Q</b> <a href="/wiki/.qa" title=".qa">.qa</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>R</b> <a href="/wiki/.re" title=".re">.re</a> <a href="/wiki/.ro" title=".ro">.ro</a> <a href="/wiki/.rs" title=".rs">.rs</a> <a href="/wiki/.ru" title=".ru">.ru</a> <a href="/wiki/.rw" title=".rw">.rw</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>S</b> <a href="/wiki/.sa" title=".sa">.sa</a> <a href="/wiki/.sb" title=".sb">.sb</a> <a href="/wiki/.sc" title=".sc">.sc</a> <a href="/wiki/.sd" title=".sd">.sd</a> <a href="/wiki/.se" title=".se">.se</a> <a href="/wiki/.sg" title=".sg">.sg</a> <a href="/wiki/.sh" title=".sh">.sh</a> <a href="/wiki/.si" title=".si">.si</a> <a href="/wiki/.sk" title=".sk">.sk</a> <a href="/wiki/.sl" title=".sl">.sl</a> <a href="/wiki/.sm" title=".sm">.sm</a> <a href="/wiki/.sn" title=".sn">.sn</a> <a href="/wiki/.so" title=".so">.so</a> <a href="/wiki/.sr" title=".sr">.sr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ss" title=".ss">.ss</a> <a href="/wiki/.st" title=".st">.st</a> <a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">.su</a> <a href="/wiki/.sv" title=".sv">.sv</a> <a href="/wiki/.sx" title=".sx">.sx</a> <a href="/wiki/.sy" title=".sy">.sy</a> <a href="/wiki/.sz" title=".sz">.sz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>T</b> <a href="/wiki/.tc" title=".tc">.tc</a> <a href="/wiki/.td" title=".td">.td</a> <a href="/wiki/.tf" title=".tf">.tf</a> <a href="/wiki/.tg" title=".tg">.tg</a> <a href="/wiki/.th" title=".th">.th</a> <a href="/wiki/.tj" title=".tj">.tj</a> <a href="/wiki/.tk" title=".tk">.tk</a> <a href="/wiki/.tl" title=".tl">.tl</a> <a href="/wiki/.tm" title=".tm">.tm</a> <a href="/wiki/.tn" title=".tn">.tn</a> <a href="/wiki/.to" title=".to">.to</a> <a href="/wiki/.tr" title=".tr">.tr</a> <a href="/wiki/.tt" title=".tt">.tt</a> <a href="/wiki/.tv" title=".tv">.tv</a> <a href="/wiki/.tw" title=".tw">.tw</a> <a href="/wiki/.tz" title=".tz">.tz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>U</b> <a href="/wiki/.ua" title=".ua">.ua</a> <a href="/wiki/.ug" title=".ug">.ug</a> <a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">.uk</a> <a href="/wiki/.us" title=".us">.us</a> <a href="/wiki/.uy" title=".uy">.uy</a> <a href="/wiki/.uz" title=".uz">.uz</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>V</b> <a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va</a> <a href="/wiki/.vc" title=".vc">.vc</a> <a href="/wiki/.ve" title=".ve">.ve</a> <a href="/wiki/.vg" title=".vg">.vg</a> <a href="/wiki/.vi" title=".vi">.vi</a> <a href="/wiki/.vn" title=".vn">.vn</a> <a href="/wiki/.vu" title=".vu">.vu</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>W</b> <a href="/wiki/.wf" title=".wf">.wf</a> <a href="/wiki/.ws" title=".ws">.ws</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>Y</b> <a href="/wiki/.ye" title=".ye">.ye</a> <a href="/wiki/.yt" title=".yt">.yt</a><span class="nowrap">  </span> <b>Z</b> <a href="/wiki/.za" title=".za">.za</a> <a href="/wiki/.zm" title=".zm">.zm</a> <a href="/wiki/.zw" title=".zw">.zw</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Internationalized_(IDN)_ccTLD287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domain" title="Internationalized country code top-level domain">Internationalized (IDN) ccTLD</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Other scripts</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B3" title=".бг">.бг</a> (<i>bg</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title=".бел">.бел</a> (<i>bieł</i>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B5%D1%8E" class="mw-redirect" title=".ею">.ею</a> (<i>eyu</i>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7" title=".қаз">.қаз</a> (<i>qaz</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title=".мон">.мон</a> (<i>mon</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B4" title=".мкд">.мкд</a> (<i>mkd</i>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%80%D1%84" title=".рф">.рф</a> (<i>rf</i>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B1" title=".срб">.срб</a> (<i>srb</i>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80" title=".укр">.укр</a> (<i>ukr</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.dz" title=".dz">الجزائر.</a> (<i>al-Jazā’ir</i>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_(domain_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Misr (domain name)">مصر.</a> (<i>Miṣr</i>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">بھارت.</a> (<span title="ISO 233 Arabic (Urdu language) transliteration"><i lang="ur-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ir#Persian_domains" title=".ir">ایران.</a> (<i>Irân</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.jo" title=".jo">الاردن.</a> (<i>al-Urdun</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ps" title=".ps">فلسطين.</a> (<i>Filasṭin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pk#Internationalized_county_codes" title=".pk">پاکستان.</a> (<i>Pākistān</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.qa" title=".qa">قطر.</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Qa%E1%B9%ADar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaṭar">Qaṭar</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlSaudiah" title="AlSaudiah">السعودية.</a> (<i>al-Saudiah</i>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains#Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domains" title="List of Internet top-level domains">سوريا.</a> (<i>Sūryā</i>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains#Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domains" title="List of Internet top-level domains">تونس.</a> (<i>Tunis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emarat" title="Emarat">امارات.</a> (<i>Emarat</i>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86." class="mw-redirect" title="عمان.">عمان.</a> (<i>ʻUmān</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7." class="mw-redirect" title="مليسيا.">مليسيا.</a> (<i>Maleesya</i>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8." class="mw-redirect" title="المغرب.">المغرب.</a> (<i>al-Maġrib</i>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86." class="mw-redirect" title="سودان.">سودان.</a> (<i>Sūdān</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86." class="mw-redirect" title="اليمن.">اليمن.</a> (<i>al-Yaman</i>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title=".বাংলা">.বাংলা</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Bengali language) transliteration"><i lang="bn-Latn">Bāṅla</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ভাৰত</a> (<span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="as-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ভারত</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Bengali language) transliteration"><i lang="bn-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.भारत</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Hindi language) transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.భారత్</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ભારત</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Gujarati language) transliteration"><i lang="gu-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ਭਾਰਤ</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Punjabi language) transliteration"><i lang="pa-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ଭାରତ</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Odia language) transliteration"><i lang="or-Latn">Bhārata</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.இந்தியா</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">Indiyā</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.la" title=".la">.ລາວ</a> (<i>Lao</i>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.sg" title=".sg">.சிங்கப்பூர்</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">Cinkappūr</i></span>, Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lk#Internationalized_top-level_domains" title=".lk">.ලංකා</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sinhala language) transliteration"><i lang="si-Latn">Laṅkā</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lk#Internationalized_top-level_domains" title=".lk">.இலங்கை</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">Ilaṅkai</i></span>, Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.th#Second_top_domain" title=".th">.ไทย</a> (<i>Thai</i>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="/wiki/.cn#Internationalized_domain_names" title=".cn">.中国</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">simplified Chinese</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/.cn#Internationalized_domain_names" title=".cn">.中國</a></span></span> (China, in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">traditional Chinese</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/.hk" title=".hk">.香港</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/.mo" title=".mo">.澳門</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, trad.)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/.mo" title=".mo">.澳门</a></span></span> (Macau, simp.)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/.sg" title=".sg">.新加坡</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW"><a href="/wiki/.tw" title=".tw">.台灣</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, trad.)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/.tw" title=".tw">.台湾</a></span></span> (Taiwan, simp.)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5" title=".հայ">.հայ</a> (<i>hay</i>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%CE%B5%CF%85" class="mw-redirect" title=".ευ">.ευ</a> (<i>ey</i>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ge" title=".ge">.გე</a> (<i>ge</i>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gr" title=".gr">.ελ</a> (<i>el</i>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kr" title=".kr">.한국</a> (<i>Han-guk</i>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C." class="mw-redirect" title="ישראל.">ישראל.</a> (<i>Yisrael</i>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Proposed_ccTLDs287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Proposed_top-level_domain#Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domains" title="Proposed top-level domain">Proposed ccTLDs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;width:20em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.cy" title=".cy">.κπ</a> (<i>kp</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>) - <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.日本</a></span></span> (<i>Nippon</i>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>) </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Others287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;font-weight:normal;">Reserved / unassigned</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;font-weight:normal;">Allocated / unused</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;font-weight:normal;">Phased out / deleted</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.bl" title=".bl">.bl</a> <a href="/wiki/.bq" title=".bq">.bq</a> <a href="/wiki/.eh" title=".eh">.eh</a> <a href="/wiki/.mf" title=".mf">.mf</a> <a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">.su</a> <a href="/wiki/.xk" title=".xk">.xk</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.bv" title=".bv">.bv</a> <a href="/wiki/.gb" title=".gb">.gb</a> <a href="/wiki/.sj" title=".sj">.sj</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.an" title=".an">.an</a> <a href="/wiki/.mm" title=".mm">.bu</a> <a href="/wiki/.cs" title=".cs">.cs</a> <a href="/wiki/.dd" title=".dd">.dd</a> <a href="/wiki/.tp" title=".tp">.tp</a> <a href="/wiki/.um" title=".um">.um</a> <a href="/wiki/.yu" title=".yu">.yu</a> <a href="/wiki/.zr" class="mw-redirect" title=".zr">.zr</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain" title="Generic top-level domain">Generic top-level 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