CINXE.COM
Examine the Evidence | Dietary Guidelines for Americans
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/examine-evidence" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <style> .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 30px; height: 0; overflow: hidden; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #megamenu-3 .usa-megamenu__col:nth-child(3) { max-width: 25%; } </style> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-27627304-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-27627304-1'); </script> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-27627304-8"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-27627304-8'); </script> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-27379012-31"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-27379012-31'); </script> <script async="async" type="text/javascript" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=USDA&subagency=CNPP" id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var sz = document.createElement('script'); sz.type = 'text/javascript'; sz.async = true; sz.src = '//siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_10611.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(sz, s); })(); </script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.12.5/gsap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.12.5/ScrollTrigger.min.js"></script> <script></script> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/favicons/favicon.png" type="image/png" /> <title>Examine the Evidence | Dietary Guidelines for Americans</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_3uPuYeHYNRcKKzmTBhmNfkindalNXikoXInfI_pj4WE.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=dietaryguidelines&include=eJxdjksKwzAMRC8koiMF2RKJiH9IMsU9fbNoaelqhgfDm3wJa3TbtbG0SKXnC386-PKQiolcYPqDHdnmoAK5kPvCKu50iEPuJti6VSr6FGCVIFvHVJaiTe7dP4HovYQOfOctMhhkdBiN8yPavmSbbcxU1E9huB9qrF1qEsZMI7S3Fx1NUf8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_FxBjMcyLp1Keu5noH6MLPSM_ptN0V0xMdOmU6S5C-8g.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=dietaryguidelines&include=eJxdjksKwzAMRC8koiMF2RKJiH9IMsU9fbNoaelqhgfDm3wJa3TbtbG0SKXnC386-PKQiolcYPqDHdnmoAK5kPvCKu50iEPuJti6VSr6FGCVIFvHVJaiTe7dP4HovYQOfOctMhhkdBiN8yPavmSbbcxU1E9huB9qrF1qEsZMI7S3Fx1NUf8" /> <script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"","rua.cook":"false","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script> <script>!function(e){var n="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if("False"=="True")e.BOOMR_config=e.BOOMR_config||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams=e.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,n="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="PJF9E-KB3JU-SHLWQ-YP5PW-RQHP2",function(){function e(){if(!o){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="boomr-scr-as",e.src=window.BOOMR.url,e.async=!0,i.parentNode.appendChild(e),o=!0}}function t(e){o=!0;var n,t,a,r,d=document,O=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=e?"if":"i",t=function(e,n){var t=d.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e=e||d.body,e.appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]\./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void t(i.parentNode,"boomr-async");a=document.createElement("IFRAME"),a.src="about:blank",a.title="",a.role="presentation",a.loading="eager",r=(a.frameElement||a).style,r.width=0,r.height=0,r.border=0,r.display="none",i.parentNode.appendChild(a);try{O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}catch(_){n=document.domain,a.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+n+"';void(0);",O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}if(n)d._boomrl=function(){this.domain=n,t()},d.write("<bo"+"dy onload='document._boomrl();'>");else if(O._boomrl=function(){t()},O.addEventListener)O.addEventListener("load",O._boomrl,!1);else if(O.attachEvent)O.attachEvent("onload",O._boomrl);d.close()}function a(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=12,window.BOOMR.url=n+"PJF9E-KB3JU-SHLWQ-YP5PW-RQHP2";var i=document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o=!1,r=document.createElement("link");if(r.relList&&"function"==typeof r.relList.supports&&r.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in r)window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",r.href=window.BOOMR.url,r.rel="preload",r.as="script",r.addEventListener("load",e),r.addEventListener("error",function(){t(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){if(!o)t(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),i.parentNode.appendChild(r);else t(!1);if(window.addEventListener)window.addEventListener("load",a,!1);else if(window.attachEvent)window.attachEvent("onload",a)}}(),"".length>0)if(e&&"performance"in e&&e.performance&&"function"==typeof e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=e.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var n=""=="true"?1:0,t="",a="bdpnbeqxh7q4cz2gqmpq-f-d37837369-clientnsv4-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,o={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"1401775","ak.ai":parseInt("825752",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":15,"ak.ipv":4,"ak.proto":"http/1.1","ak.rid":"1f7757f9","ak.r":30210,"ak.a2":n,"ak.m":"dsca","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"8.222.208.0","ak.cport":39974,"ak.gh":"23.221.50.124","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.2","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"reno","ak.t":"1732674335","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==+vYuS4BDDtv0MIqUai9LH2MxSG9nTSxfG4VaxDxtvtmMj50v96rda8jvpntDnF3Q86HjLKIrOn6z0V50MT9aAekW4QxLOxyzPzT46RHytB1Kn7c1qglbCjilVYE/T+cTob5xw11064W3+yeuHHe+JmPxyLKYhNf2MxVxNYIju2MHZffQHn18b+BabCHkBqQec0gl1QTKOB1l65fHzE4niSlHsf+oF5SaZh33kc6tjlVteK8N02ZCR/Z0DOBf7EZhiFjJet0y/pzt6GnZPWZVqDfmm/Ajh3lA9mQGZTgYqHeAQy2uEUMRWu9NC6crqEKza7QciyHw8wN/x7krRLLHvkcVTLF9rTApiU++QHD1dwaH0nz6h9L+NL99ROcXpevlztViJd3Re3sndU+6/8KcyoJli12g/108MRODvYwz+sI=","ak.pv":"14","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)o["ak.ruds"]=t;var r={i:!1,av:function(n){var t="http.initiator";if(n&&(!n[t]||"spa_hard"===n[t]))o["ak.feo"]=void 0!==e.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(o)},rv:function(){var e=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(e)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:o,akDNSPreFetchDomain:a,init:function(){if(!r.i){var e=BOOMR.subscribe;e("before_beacon",r.av,null,null),e("onbeacon",r.rv,null,null),r.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://resources.digital-cloud-gov.medallia.com/wdcgov/13330/onsite/embed.js" async="async"></script> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="usa-header usa-header-extended" id="header" role="banner"> <section class="usa-banner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner-header"> <div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag"> <p>An official website of the United States government</p> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner"> <span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner"> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov"> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong> <br> Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/icon-https.svg" alt="SSL"> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p>This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate that’s been signed by the U.S. government. The <strong>https://</strong> means all transmitted data is encrypted — in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-navbar"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="usa-logo" id="logo"> <a class="usda-logo" href="/" accesskey="1" title="Home" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/dg-logo.svg" alt="Dietary Guidelines for Americans" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <div class="usa-nav" role="navigation"> <div class="usa-nav-inner"> <button class="usa-nav-close"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/close-knockout.svg" alt="close" /> </button> <div class="region region-primary-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="Main navigation"> <ul class="usa-nav-primary usa-accordion"> <li class=""> <a href="/" class="usa-nav-link" > <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-2"> <span>About</span> </button> <ul id="megamenu-2" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="usda-nav-overview"> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/purpose-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Purpose</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/process"> <span>Who's Involved?</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/approaches-examine-science"> <span>Approaches to Examine the Science</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/history-dietary-guidelines"> <span>History</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/peer-reviewed-publications"> <span>Peer-Reviewed Publications</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/previous-editions"> <span>Previous Editions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav-item--has-megamenu"> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-3"> <span>Current Dietary Guidelines</span> </button> <ul id="megamenu-3" class="usa-nav-submenu usa-megamenu usa-grid-full" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="usda-nav-overview"> <a href="/current-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Current Dietary Guidelines</span> </a> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials"> <span>2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines and Online Materials</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials/top-10-things-you-need-know"> <span>Top 10 Things You Need to Know</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials/food-sources-select-nutrients"> <span>Food Sources of Select Nutrients</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/current-dietary-guidelines/cpe-opportunities"> <span>CPE Opportunities</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/figures-infographics"> <span>Figures & Infographics</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/figures-infographics"> <span>Figures</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/figures-infographics/infographics"> <span>Infographics</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources"> <span>Professional Resources</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources"> <span>Print Materials</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources/health-professionals-presentations"> <span>Presentation Slides</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources/peer-reviewed-publications"> <span>Peer-Reviewed Publications, Current Edition</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/consumer-resources"> <span>Consumer Resources</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/consumer-resources"> <span>Consumer Brochure</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/es/recursos"> <span>Recursos en Español</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/es/recursos"> <span>Materiales Impresos</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/es/figuras"> <span>Figuras</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/about-process-2020"> <span>Process to Develop the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2020-advisory-committee-report"> <span>Scientific Report</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/public-comments-departments"> <span>Public Comments to the Departments</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/usda-hhs-development-dietary-guidelines"> <span>USDA-HHS Development of the Dietary Guidelines</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav-item--has-megamenu"> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-4"> <span>Work Under Way</span> </button> <ul id="megamenu-4" class="usa-nav-submenu usa-megamenu usa-grid-full" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="usda-nav-overview"> <a href="/work-under-way"> <span>Work Under Way</span> </a> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-3-advisory-committee-reviews-scientific-evidence"> <span>Learn About the Process</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-1-identify-the-scientific-questions"> <span>Identify the Scientific Questions</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-2-appoint-the-advisory-committee"> <span>Appoint the Advisory Committee</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-3-advisory-committee-reviews-scientific-evidence"> <span>Advisory Committee Reviews Scientific Evidence</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-4-develop-the-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025-2030</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-5-implement-the-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Implement the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025-2030</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2025-advisory-committee"> <span>2025 Advisory Committee</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2025-advisory-committee"> <span>About the Committee</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/2025-advisory-committee/advisory-committee-resources"> <span>Committee Resources</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/scientific-questions"> <span>Scientific Questions</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence"> <span>Examine the Evidence</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence#data-analysis"> <span>Data Analysis</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence#food-pattern-modeling"> <span>Food Pattern Modeling </span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence#systematic-reviews"> <span>Systematic Reviews</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved"> <span>Get Involved</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved"> <span>Submit a Comment</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/attend-virtual-meetings"> <span>Attend Virtual Meetings</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-1"> <span>Meeting 1</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-2"> <span>Meeting 2</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-3"> <span>Meeting 3</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-4"> <span>Meeting 4</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-5"> <span>Meeting 5</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-6"> <span>Meeting 6</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/scientific-report-meeting"> <span>Scientific Report Meeting</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/related-projects" class="usa-nav-link" > <span>Related Projects</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/most-popular-questions" class="usa-nav-link" > <span>Most Popular Questions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="region region-secondary-menu"> <div class="usa-nav-secondary"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list usa-nav-secondary-links"> <li> <a href="/contact-us"> CONTACT US </a> </li> <li> <a href="/most-popular-questions"> FAQS </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="region region-titlebar"> <header class="usa-titlebar" style="background-image: url(https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2023-02/Work-Under-Way-Header-1.jpg);"> <div class="usa-grid"> <h1>Work Under Way</h1> </div> </header> </div> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-dietaryguidelines-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <div class="usda-page-utility"> <div class="usa-grid"> <nav class="usa-breadcrumb" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="/">Dietary Guidelines for Americans</a> </li> <li> <a href="/work-under-way">Work Under Way</a> </li> <li> Examine the Evidence </li> </ol> </nav> <div class="usda-share"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class=""> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-width-full"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uswds-main-content-wrapper usa-grid"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <aside class="region-sidebar-first usa-width-one-fourth"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <ul class="usa-sidenav-list"> <li> <a href="/work-under-way"> <span>Work Under Way</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-3-advisory-committee-reviews-scientific-evidence"> <span>Learn About the Process</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/2025-advisory-committee"> <span>2025 Advisory Committee</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/scientific-questions"> <span>Scientific Questions</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/examine-evidence" class="usa-current"> <span>Examine the Evidence</span> </a> <ul class="usa-sidenav-sub_list"> <li> <a href="/examine-evidence#data-analysis"> <span>Data Analysis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/examine-evidence#food-pattern-modeling"> <span>Food Pattern Modeling </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/examine-evidence#systematic-reviews"> <span>Systematic Reviews</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/get-involved"> <span>Get Involved</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/scientific-report-meeting"> <span>Scientific Report Meeting</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> <div class="region-content usa-width-three-fourths"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-dietaryguidelines-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article data-history-node-id="398" about="/examine-evidence" typeof="schema:WebPage"> <span property="schema:name" content="Examine the Evidence" class="rdf-meta hidden"></span> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-text paragraph--view-mode--default usa-section usa-content" id="uswds-text-4194"> <div class="usa-grid"> <h3>2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Examine the Evidence</h3> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="b9068180-478f-42ae-8373-ae1eedd996c6" data-langcode="en" class="align-right embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/About-Us-Index-OptA_0.jpg" width="150" height="146" alt="Process Icons" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> <p>The 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (Committee) is using three approaches to review the scientific evidence on nutrition and health: data analysis, food pattern modeling, and systematic reviews. Each approach has its own rigorous, protocol-driven methodology, and plays a unique, complementary role in examining the science.</p> <h3>Approaches</h3> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--usda-raw paragraph--view-mode--default usda-raw" id="usda-raw-4195"> <style type="text/css">.nested-accordion summary { background-image: url(/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/plus.svg); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 1.5rem; background-position: right 2rem center; cursor: pointer; display: block; background-color: #f1f1f1; padding: 1.5rem 5.5rem 1.5rem 2rem; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; } .nested-accordion summary:hover { background-color: #d6d7d9; } .nested-accordion[open] summary { background-image: url(/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/minus.svg); } @media screen and (min-width: 951px) { .tab-group .usa-accordion-button { padding: 15px 25px !important; } } .columns { display: flex; gap: 20px; flex-direction: column; } @media screen and (min-width: 768px) { .columns { flex-direction: row; } .columns > div.icon { flex-basis: 115px; min-width: 115px; } } .advisory-committee-resources-table td { vertical-align: top; } </style> </div> <div class="usda-container tab-group paragraph paragraph--type--usda-container paragraph--view-mode--default" id="usda-container-4200"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-grid"> <ul class="usa-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <li class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-accordion-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <button class="usa-accordion-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="uswds-paragraph-4196"> Data Analysis </button> <div id="uswds-paragraph-4196" class="usa-accordion-content"> <h3>Purpose</h3> <p>Data analysis uses statistical methods to analyze national data sets to describe the current health and dietary intakes in the United States. This approach helps the Committee ensure its recommendations are practical, relevant, and achievable.</p> <h3>Data Analysis for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee</h3> <div class="columns"> <div class="icon"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="04ae0c2f-bb24-4f4d-be32-83391bb52c7d" data-langcode="en" style="width: 115px;" class="align-left embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2022-06/Graph%20Icon.png" width="230" height="230" alt="Graph Icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </div> <div> <p>The Committee is using data analysis to describe the following:</p> <ul> <li>Current patterns of food and beverage consumption</li> <li>Current intake of food groups, nutrients, and dietary components</li> <li>Nutrients and/or dietary components of public health concern</li> <li>Prevalence of nutrition-related chronic health conditions</li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>Federal staff will analyze data sets and deliver the findings to the Committee to inform results and conclusions made by the Committee in its Scientific Report. The Committee will inform the analytic approaches using a health equity lens to ensure the data describes and considers factors such as socioeconomic position, food security, race and/or ethnicity, and culture.</p> <h3>Plan</h3> <p>The Federal data analysis team has created the following plan to describe the data analysis process, strategy, and analyses used to support the Committee in answering prioritized scientific questions. The plan describes how the data analysis will be conducted. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 97px;" width:> <h4>Date Posted</h4> </td> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 213px;" width:> <h4>Topic</h4> </td> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 166px;" width:> <h4>Status</h4> </td> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 111px;" width:> <h4>Download</h4> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 97px;">July 18, 2023</td> <td style="width: 213px;">Data analysis plan</td> <td style="width: 166px;"><strong>Updated</strong><br> June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 111px;"><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/Federal_Data_Analysis_Plan_for_the_2025_DGAC_508c_06132024.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><sub><em>The “date posted” column shows when the plan was originally posted to this website and the “status” column shows when the plan was most recently updated. </em></sub></p> <details class="nested-accordion"><summary><br> Federal Data Sources</summary> <p> </p> <p>A collection of Federal data sources informs the Committee’s work. Each of these data sources is described below.</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="advisory-committee-resources-table" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103);"> <h4 data source style="color:#ffffff;">Data Source</h4> </td> <td style="background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103);"> <h4 data source style="color:#ffffff;">Supporting Agencies</h4> </td> <td style="background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103);"> <h4 data source style="color:#ffffff;">Description of Data Sources</h4> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(154, 204, 207);"><strong>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NHANES</a></strong></td> <td class="text-align-center"> <p class="text-align-left">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics</p> <p class="text-align-left">U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG)</p> </td> <td>NHANES is a federal program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of U.S. children and adults residing in the 50 states and District of Columbia. The nationally representative survey includes interviews (e.g., 24-hour dietary recall), questionnaires (e.g., demographics, food security, income), laboratory data (e.g., folate status or other biochemical markers of public health relevance), and physical examinations (e.g., height, weight, blood pressure), that measure dietary intakes and diet-related chronic disease rates in the U.S. population. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(154, 204, 207);"><strong>What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (<a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/wweianhanes-overview/" rel="noreferrer">WWEIA</a>, <a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/wweianhanes-overview/" rel="noreferrer">NHANES</a>)</strong></td> <td>USDA, ARS, FSRG</td> <td>The dietary component of NHANES, called WWEIA, is the only nationally representative survey of total food and beverage consumption that captures intakes across life stages on a population level in the United States. The dietary data are collected using the gold standard for dietary assessment: a multiple pass, 24-hour <a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/ampm-usda-automated-multiple-pass-method/" rel="noreferrer">dietary recall</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(154, 204, 207);"><strong>USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (<a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/fndds/" rel="noreferrer">FNDDS</a>) </strong></td> <td>USDA, ARS, FSRG</td> <td>FNDDS is a database that provides the energy and nutrient values for foods and beverages reported in WWEIA, NHANES. Data are available on energy and 64 nutrients for ~7,000 foods and beverages. It can be used to examine nutrient intakes from foods and beverages reported by participants in WWEIA, NHANES and assess adherence to Dietary Reference Intakes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(155, 204, 207);"> <p><strong>USDA Food Pattern Equivalents Database (<a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/fped-overview/" rel="noreferrer">FPED</a>) </strong></p> </td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">USDA, ARS, FSRG</td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FPED converts foods and beverages from FNDDS into 37 USDA Food Patterns components. It can be used to examine food group intakes (e.g., Whole Fruit, Total Vegetables, Added Sugars) from foods and beverages reported by participants in WWEIA, NHANES and assess adherence to <em>Dietary Guidelines</em> food group recommendations.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(154, 204, 207);"><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/dmr-food-categories/" rel="noreferrer"><strong>WWEIA Food Categories </strong></a></td> <td>USDA, ARS, FSRG</td> <td>WWEIA Food Categories provide an application to analyze the foods and beverages reported by participants in WWEIA, NHANES. Each food and beverage are placed in one of 167 mutually exclusive food categories, where similar items are grouped together based on their typical use and nutrient content (e.g., Mixed Dishes – Asian, Savory Snacks, Cooked Cereals).</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(154, 204, 207);"><strong>National Health Interview Survey (<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm" rel="noreferrer">NHIS</a>)</strong></td> <td>HHS, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics </td> <td>NHIS is a survey on health conducted using in-person, confidential household interviews. It provides data on the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population residing in the 50 states and District of Columbia for analyzing public health trends, assessing prevalence of health conditions, and tracking progress toward achieving national health objectives.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(154, 204, 207);"><strong>Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/uscs/technical_notes/contributors/seer.htm" rel="noreferrer">SEER</a>) </strong></td> <td class="text-align-center"> <p class="text-align-left">HHS, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences</p> </td> <td>The SEER Program is the authoritative source for cancer statistics in the U.S. population.<br> SEER collects and publishes cancer incidence and survival data from population-based cancer registries. The 22 geographic areas of data collection from the U.S. states and American Indian/Alaskan Native communities are representative of the demographics of the entire U.S. population. <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(155, 204, 207);"> <p><strong>National Vital Statistics System (<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/index.htm" rel="noreferrer">NVSS</a>)</strong></p> </td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <p>HHS, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics</p> </td> <td style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">NVSS collects and disseminates the most complete data on U.S. births and deaths from vital registration systems across 50 states, 2 cities (District of Columbia and New York City), and 5 territories. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(154, 204, 207);"><strong>National Immunization Surveys (<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/nis/index.html" rel="noreferrer">NIS</a>)</strong></td> <td>HHS, CDC, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases</td> <td>NIS are a group of telephone surveys that provide current, population-based, state and local area estimates of vaccination coverage among children 19-35 months and teens 13-17 years. The surveys collect data through telephone interviews with parents or guardians in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and some U.S. territories (U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </details> <p> </p> <h3>Using WWEIA, NHANES Data to Understand Current Intakes</h3> <p>The strengths and challenges of self-report dietary assessment are well-recognized. Self-report dietary data are valuable for providing important information at a population level regarding intakes and sources of foods and beverages, and to describe dietary patterns and assess diet quality. Established statistical approaches accounting for day-to-day variability and energy adjustment are used to help reduce potential bias in describing dietary intakes at a population level.</p> <h3>Impact of COVID-19 on Data Collection </h3> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to data collection disruptions for key Federal surveys that provide nutrition-related data, including WWEIA and NHANES. To ensure that data analysis methodologies capture the most updated and relevant data possible, including data that represent potential changes in dietary intake due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal data analysis team conducted an evidence scan. The evidence scan, which is linked below, explored the research question: “What evidence has been published on the patterns of food and beverage intake from March 2020 to December 2022, including potential changes in dietary intake due to COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)?” Few studies examined dietary intakes from March 2020 to December 2022, suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted Federal and non-Federal data collection.</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 129px;" width:> <h4>Date Posted</h4> </td> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 198px;" width:> <h4>Topic</h4> </td> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 161px;" width:> <h4>Status</h4> </td> <td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 117px;" width:> <h4>Download</h4> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 129px;">February 6, 2024</td> <td style="width: 198px;">Dietary Intake Datasets in the United States from March 2020 to December 2022: An Evidence Scan</td> <td style="width: 161px;"><b>Added </b><br> February 6, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 117px;"><a data-entity-substitution data-entity-type data-entity-uuid href="/sites/default/files/2024-02/DAT_Evidence_Scan_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p id="data-analysis-plan"> </p> <h3>Federal Data Analysis Team</h3> <p>The Federal data analysis team supports the work of the Committee by analyzing data on specific topics and questions. The interagency team includes expert scientists with advanced degrees in nutrition, statistics, and epidemiology from the following Departments and agencies:</p> <p><strong>United States Department of Health and Human Services</strong></p> <ul> <li>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health</li> <li>Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration</li> <li>National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health</li> <li>National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</li> </ul> <p><strong>United States Department of Agriculture</strong></p> <ul> <li>Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion; Food and Nutrition Service; Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services</li> <li>Agricultural Research Service; Research, Education, and Economics<br> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-accordion-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <button class="usa-accordion-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="uswds-paragraph-4197"> Food Pattern Modeling </button> <div id="uswds-paragraph-4197" class="usa-accordion-content"> <h3>Purpose</h3> <p>Food pattern modeling is a methodology used to illustrate how changes to the amounts or types of foods and beverages in a dietary pattern might affect meeting nutrient needs, and is used to develop quantitative dietary patterns that reflect health-promoting patterns identified in systematic reviews and meet energy and nutrient needs. This approach allows the Committee to make recommendations to inform the development of dietary patterns for the U.S. population.</p> <h3>Food Pattern Modeling for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee</h3> <div class="columns"> <div class="icon"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="11733cae-fdf8-4a9a-9425-b05937a6e262" data-langcode="en" style="width: 115px;" class="align-left embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2022-06/Computer%20Icon.png" width="230" height="230" alt="Computer Icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </div> <div> <p>The 2025 Committee is using food pattern modeling to answer the following overarching scientific questions:</p> <p>Considering each life stage, should changes be made to the USDA Dietary Patterns (Healthy U.S.-Style, Healthy Mediterranean-Style, and/or Healthy Vegetarian)? And, should additional Dietary Patterns be developed/proposed based on:</p> </div> </div> <ul> <li>Findings from systematic reviews, data analysis, and/or food pattern modeling analyses; and/or</li> <li>Population norms (e.g., starchy vegetables are often consumed interchangeably with grains), preferences (e.g., emphasis on one staple grain versus another), or needs (e.g., lactose intolerance) of the diverse communities and cultural foodways within the U.S. population?</li> </ul> <p>Changes to the USDA Dietary Patterns may include increases or decreases in amounts of food groups/subgroups and/or recategorization of food groups/subgroups, as well as subsequent changes to calories available for other uses, including for added sugars.</p> <p>This overarching question was informed by goals for the Committee’s food pattern modeling analyses to use enhanced food pattern modeling methodology to better reflect intake variability and the range of possible healthful diets based on our diverse populations.</p> <h3 id="food-pattern-modeling-protocols">Protocols</h3> <p>The Committee has created the following protocols to describe how it will apply food pattern modeling methodology to answer the prioritized <a href="/2025-advisory-committee/scientific-questions">scientific question</a>. The Committee is answering the overarching question by conducting a series of analyses, or hypothetical tests, each reflected in individual protocols on this page. Each protocol is created before the Committee examines any evidence and is posted below for the public to view and better understand the approach to answering a specific question.</p> <p>The public is encouraged to <a href="https://www.regulations.gov/docket/HHS-OASH-2022-0021/document" rel="noreferrer">submit written comments</a> to the Committee on topics relevant to its work, including on its protocols. Any additional food pattern modeling protocol will be posted on this page after the full Committee has had an opportunity to review and discuss during the next public meeting. To see discussions on recently posted protocols, view the Food Pattern Modeling and Data Analysis Subcommittee presentation from <a href="/get-involved/meeting-4">Meeting </a><a href="/get-involved/meeting-4">4</a>. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="advisory-committee-resources-table" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); text-align: center;"> <h4 class="text-align-center" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Date Posted</h4> </td> <td class="text-align-center" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 301px; background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); text-align: left;"> <h4>Topic</h4> </td> <td class="text-align-center" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 107px; text-align: center;"> <h4>Status</h4> </td> <td class="text-align-center" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103); width: 82px; text-align: center;"> <h4>Download</h4> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">May 31, 2023</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Should foods and beverages with lower nutrient density (i.e., those with added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium) contribute to item clusters, representative foods, and therefore the nutrient profiles for each food group and subgroup used in modeling the USDA Dietary Patterns?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><strong>Updated</strong><br> June 27, 2024<br> </td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a data-entity-substitution data-entity-type data-entity-uuid href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Protocol_NutrientProfileDevelopmentBasis_v3_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">October 19, 2023</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">What are the differences between nutrient profiles calculated using the dietary intakes of the total U.S. population and population groups?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Updated</b><br> June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a data-entity-substitution data-entity-type data-entity-uuid href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Protocol_NutrientProfileDevelopment_PopulationGroups_v3_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">October 16, 2023</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">What are the implications for nutrient intakes when modifying the Protein Foods group and subgroup quantities within the Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern or Healthy Vegetarian Dietary Pattern? What are the implications for nutrient intakes when proportions of animal-based Protein Foods subgroups are reduced and proportions of plant-based Protein Foods subgroups are increased?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Updated</b><br> June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href=" /sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q2_Protocol_Protein%20Foods_v3_508c.pdf" rel="noreferrer"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">October 16, 2023</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">What are the implications for nutrient intakes when modifying the Dairy and Fortified Soy group quantities within the Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern? What are the implications for nutrient intakes when Dairy food and beverage sources are replaced with non-Dairy alternatives?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Updated<br> </b>June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q2_%20Protocol_DairyFortSoy_v3_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">October 16, 2023</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">What are the implications for nutrient intakes when modifying the quantities of the Grains group within the Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern? What are the implications for nutrient intakes when specific individual staple grains are emphasized; or when the Grains group is replaced with other staple carbohydrate foods (i.e., Starchy Vegetables; Beans, Peas, and Lentils; starchy Red and Orange vegetables)?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"> <p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center"><b>Updated<br> </b>October 17, 2024</p> </td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-10/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q2_Protocol_Grains-StapleCarbohydrateFoods_v4_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">February 6, 2024</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">What are the implications for nutrient intakes when modifying the Vegetables food group and subgroup quantities within the Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><strong>Updated</strong><br> June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a data-entity-substitution data-entity-type data-entity-uuid href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q2_Protocol_Vegetables_v2_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">February 6, 2024</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">What are the implications for nutrient intakes when modifying the Fruits food group quantities within the Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><strong>Updated</strong><br> June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a data-entity-substitution data-entity-type data-entity-uuid href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q2_Protocol_Fruit_v2_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">February 6, 2024</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Can nutrient goals be met when animal sources of foods and beverages are removed from the Healthy Vegetarian Dietary Pattern for ages 2 years and older?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><strong>Updated</strong><br> June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q2_Protocol_RemovingAnimalBasedFoods_v2_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">February 6, 2024</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">What quantities of foods and beverages lower in nutrient density can be accommodated in the USDA Dietary Patterns while meeting nutritional goals within calorie levels?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><strong>Added</strong><br> February 6, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-02/20025_DGAC_FPM_Q3_Protocol_RangesOfNutrientDensity_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">February 6, 2024</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Do simulated diets that meet the updated USDA Dietary Patterns and reflect variation in dietary intakes achieve nutrient adequacy?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><strong>Updated</strong><br> May 6, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-05/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q4_Protocol_Diet_Simulations_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-align-center" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">June 27, 2024</td> <td style="width: 301px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Can nutrient goals be met when carbohydrate-containing foods and beverages are reduced in the Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern for ages 2 years and older?</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 107px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><strong>Added</strong><br> June 27, 2024</td> <td class="text-align-center" style="width: 82px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-06/2025_DGAC_FPM_Q2_NutrientImplicationsForReducingCHOContFoods_508c.pdf"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="4be7ee20-6ba4-4f09-a504-ea54ba7dae54" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Picture1.png" width="30" height="32" alt="small download icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><sub><em>The “date posted” column shows when the plan was originally posted to this website, and the “status” column shows when the plan was most recently updated. When a review has been completed, the protocol will remain posted, and the status will be updated to “Completed.”</em></sub></p> <h3>Food Pattern Modeling Team</h3> <p>The Federal food pattern modeling team supports the work of the Committee by conducting specific food pattern modeling analyses identified by the Committee. The interagency team includes nutrition scientists and data analysts from USDA and HHS with doctoral (PhD, DrPH, ScD, and MD) or master’s degrees (MS, MPH) in nutrition science, public health, economics, or related fields and expertise in food pattern modeling methodology. Some are registered dietitians (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN).</p> </div> </li> <li class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-accordion-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <button class="usa-accordion-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="uswds-paragraph-4198"> Systematic Reviews </button> <div id="uswds-paragraph-4198" class="usa-accordion-content"> <h3>Purpose</h3> <p>A Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) systematic review is a gold-standard evidence synthesis project that answers a nutrition question of public health importance using systematic, transparent, rigorous, and protocol-driven methods to search for, evaluate, synthesize, and grade the strength of the eligible body of evidence. This approach allows the Committee to answer high priority scientific questions by reviewing evidence from all relevant studies that have been published on a particular topic.</p> <h3>Systematic Reviews for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee</h3> <div class="columns"> <div class="icon"> <div data-embed-button="image_browser" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.full" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="5053b9f7-9c32-4b15-a332-008c6eedcf45" data-langcode="en" style="width: 115px;" class="align-left embedded-entity"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2022-06/Papers%20Icon_1.png" width="203" height="203" alt="Papers Icon" typeof="foaf:Image"> </article> </div> </div> <div> <p>USDA’s NESR team is supporting the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee in conducting original systematic reviews.<br> The Committee will use NESR’s rigorous and transparent methodology to conduct and/or update systematic reviews. NESR’s systematic review methodology involves:</p> </div> </div> <ul> <li>developing a systematic review protocol,</li> <li>searching for and screening articles,</li> <li>extracting data from and assessing the risk of bias of each included article, </li> <li>synthesizing the evidence,</li> <li>developing the conclusion statement(s),</li> <li>grading the evidence underlying the conclusion statement(s), and </li> <li>recommending future research.</li> </ul> <p>Please visit the <a href="https://nesr.usda.gov/2025-dietary-guidelines-advisory-committee-systematic-reviews" rel="noreferrer">NESR website</a> for more information about NESR and its methodology.</p> <h3>Protocol</h3> <p>The Committee has created protocols to describe how it will apply NESR’s systematic review methodology to answer prioritized <a href="/2025-advisory-committee/scientific-questions">scientific questions</a>. A protocol includes an analytic framework, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a synthesis plan which the Committee has tailored to the question. Each protocol is created before the Committee examines any evidence, and is made publicly available through <a href="https://nesr.usda.gov/protocols" rel="noreferrer">NESR’s website</a>. </p> <p>The public is encouraged to <a href="/get-involved">submit written comments</a> to the Committee on topics relevant to its work, including on its protocols. Additional systematic review protocols will be posted to the <a href="https://nesr.usda.gov/protocols" rel="noreferrer">NESR website</a> after the full Committee has had an opportunity to review and discuss during the next public meeting. </p> <div class="item-left__button"><a class="usa-button" href="https://nesr.usda.gov/protocols" rel="noreferrer">View Protocols</a></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="usa-footer usa-footer-medium" role="contentinfo"> <div class="usa-grid usa-footer-return-to-top"> <a href="#">Return to top</a> </div> <div class="usa-footer-primary-section"> <div class="usa-grid"> <nav class="usa-footer-nav"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="/policy-and-links">Policy and Links</a> </li> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/">WhiteHouse.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="/sitemap">Site Map</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer-secondary_section"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-footer-logo usa-width-two-thirds"> <div class="organization"> <div class="organization-logo"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/usda-symbol.svg" alt="USDA Logo" class="usda-logo-img"> </div> <div class="organization-social-links"> <a href="https://www.usda.gov/">Connect with USDA</a> <div class="usa-social-links"> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/usda/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Twitter</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/usda/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Facebook</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-google" href="https://plus.google.com/107279790852845021682" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Google+</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-govdelivery" href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDACNPP/subscriber/new" target="_top"> <span>USDA on GovDelivery</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/usdagov/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Instagram</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-flickr" href="https://flickr.com/usdagov" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Flickr</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/usda/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on YouTube</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-rss" href="https://www.usda.gov/rss-feeds" target="_top"> <span>USDA on RSS</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="organization"> <div class="organization-logo"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/hhs-symbol.svg" alt="HHS Logo" class="usda-logo-img"> </div> <div class="organization-social-links"> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">Connect with HHS</a> <div class="usa-social-links"> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/HHSGov?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Twitter</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/HHS/" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Facebook</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-google" href="https://plus.google.com/+HHS" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Google+</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/hhsgov/?hl=en" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Instagram</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-flickr" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/hhsgov/" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Flickr</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1ZRVOl5MFHIXU4zZr-Oglg" target="_top"> <span>HHS on YouTube</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-sign_up-block usa-width-one-third"> <h3 class="usa-sign_up-header">Sign up</h3> <form action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USOPHSODPHPHF/subscriber/qualify"> <label class="" for="email" id="">Your email address</label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" class="signup__input"> <button type="submit" class="signup__button">Submit</button> <input type="hidden" name="topic_id" value="USOPHSODPHPHF_146"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_mSDufsIe-l0zSubBvOn5gc0-FOeFvQeDQWdc-itKev0.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=dietaryguidelines&include=eJwrLS5PKdYvBZE6KZmpJYlFlemlmSmpOZl5qcX6GCI6Jfn5OSWZBfpQGgAyqBme"></script> </body> </html>