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d="M210,304h212c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,302.552,424,302v-92c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,208,422,208H210c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S208,209.448,208,210v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S209.448,304,210,304z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Sport</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#067EB3" d="M316.234,368.56l52.326-52.326c0.391-0.391,0.586-0.902,0.586-1.414c0-0.512-0.195-1.024-0.586-1.414 L252.594,197.44c-0.391-0.391-0.902-0.586-1.414-0.586s-1.024,0.195-1.414,0.586l-52.326,52.326 c-0.391,0.391-0.586,0.902-0.586,1.414s0.195,1.024,0.586,1.414L313.406,368.56c0.391,0.391,0.902,0.586,1.414,0.586 C315.332,369.146,315.844,368.95,316.234,368.56z"></path> <path fill="#1969A6" d="M90,424h74c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S166,422.552,166,422V258c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S164.552,256,164,256H90c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S88,257.448,88,258v164c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S89.448,424,90,424z"></path> <path fill="#149EDC" d="M258,166h164c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,164.552,424,164V90c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,88,422,88H258c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S256,89.448,256,90v74c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S257.448,166,258,166z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Weather</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#DC2878" d="M182,358h-68c-0.55,0-1.05-0.225-1.412-0.587C112.225,357.05,112,356.55,112,356V156 c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414S113.448,154,114,154h68c0.55,0,1.05,0.225,1.413,0.587C183.775,154.95,184,155.45,184,156v200 c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414S182.552,358,182,358z"></path> <path fill="#FF4C98" d="M372.106,248.243l34-58.89c0.275-0.476,0.33-1.022,0.197-1.517c-0.133-0.495-0.453-0.94-0.93-1.215 l-173.205-100c-0.478-0.276-1.023-0.332-1.518-0.2c-0.494,0.132-0.938,0.454-1.214,0.932l-34,58.89 c-0.275,0.476-0.33,1.022-0.197,1.517c0.133,0.495,0.453,0.94,0.93,1.215l173.205,100c0.478,0.276,1.023,0.332,1.518,0.2 C371.386,249.042,371.83,248.721,372.106,248.243z"></path> <path fill="#AF0D5B" d="M372.106,263.757l34,58.89c0.275,0.476,0.33,1.022,0.197,1.517c-0.133,0.495-0.453,0.94-0.93,1.215 l-173.205,100c-0.478,0.276-1.023,0.332-1.518,0.2c-0.494-0.132-0.938-0.454-1.214-0.932l-34-58.89 c-0.275-0.476-0.33-1.022-0.197-1.517c0.133-0.495,0.453-0.94,0.93-1.215l173.205-100c0.478-0.276,1.023-0.332,1.518-0.2 C371.386,262.958,371.83,263.279,372.106,263.757z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>iPlayer</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sounds"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#A13104" d="M122,304H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,302.552,76,302v-92c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S77.448,208,78,208h44c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S124,209.448,124,210v92c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S122.552,304,122,304z"></path> <path fill="#D24712" d="M230,376h-80c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S148,374.552,148,374V138c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S149.448,136,150,136h80c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S232,137.448,232,138v236c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S230.552,376,230,376z"></path> <path fill="#FA6400" d="M422,424H258c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S256,422.552,256,422V90c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S257.448,88,258,88h164c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S424,89.448,424,90v332c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S422.552,424,422,424z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Sounds</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-bitesize"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#6100A8" d="M134,400H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,398.552,76,398V162c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 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18.286-7.93 4.214-17.543 6.319-28.841 6.319h-40.439l.001-106.298Zm39.25 86.674c9.91 0 17.518-2.899 22.82-8.697 5.301-5.798 7.954-14.147 7.954-25.051 0-10.802-2.602-19.053-7.805-24.753-5.204-5.698-12.811-8.549-22.821-8.549h-16.502v67.05h16.354Zm98.566 21.855c-5.85 0-11.622-.646-17.32-1.933a66.227 66.227 0 0 1-16.428-6.096V82.282c10.604 6.444 21.853 9.664 33.748 9.664 6.739 0 11.868-1.138 15.387-3.419 3.517-2.279 5.278-5.45 5.278-9.515 0-3.071-.868-5.476-2.602-7.211-1.735-1.733-4.039-3.122-6.913-4.163-2.876-1.04-6.095-2.007-9.663-2.899-5.85-1.387-11.002-2.974-15.462-4.757-4.46-1.783-8.228-3.888-11.299-6.319-3.073-2.427-5.403-5.352-6.987-8.771-1.586-3.42-2.378-7.508-2.378-12.265 0-6.739 1.71-12.537 5.128-17.395 3.42-4.855 8.252-8.597 14.496-11.225 6.243-2.625 13.677-3.939 22.3-3.939 5.65 0 11.199.646 16.65 1.933 5.45 1.289 10.356 3.024 14.719 5.204v20.219c-4.363-2.676-9.292-4.757-14.792-6.244-5.501-1.487-11.028-2.231-16.577-2.231-6.047 0-10.73 1.041-14.049 3.122-3.321 2.081-4.98 5.055-4.98 8.92 0 2.776.792 4.981 2.378 6.616 1.584 1.635 3.84 2.974 6.765 4.014 2.922 1.041 6.368 2.058 10.332 3.048 5.055 1.29 9.761 2.702 14.124 4.237 4.359 1.538 8.2 3.494 11.521 5.872 3.32 2.379 5.896 5.403 7.732 9.069 1.833 3.668 2.75 8.177 2.75 13.529 0 7.039-1.736 13.06-5.203 18.063-3.47 5.006-8.474 8.823-15.016 11.447-6.542 2.626-14.422 3.941-23.639 3.941Z"></path></svg></a><button class="sn-menu-button sc-c-sounds-nav__menu-button sc-o-button gel-pica-bold" aria-label="toggle sounds menu"><span class="sc-o-button__text">Menu</span><svg width="12px" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--chevron-right sc-c-icon sc-c-sounds-nav__menu-icon sc-o-button__text" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M21.6 14.3L5.5 31h6.4l14.6-15L11.9 1H5.5l16.1 16.7v-3.4z"></path></svg></button><ul class="sc-c-sounds-nav__items sc-c-sounds-nav__items--wordmark-aligned sc-c-sounds-nav__items--sticky"><li class="sc-c-sounds-nav__link-item 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32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--my-sounds sc-c-icon sc-c-sounds-nav__link-icon sc-c-sounds-nav__link-icon--my-sounds" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M2.1 6h28v2.4h-28zM4 1h23.9v2.4H4zM0 10.9v20h7.9c1.3-3.1 4.5-5.4 8.1-5.4s6.7 2.2 8.1 5.4H32v-20H0zm16 13.3c-2.8 0-5.2-2.4-5.2-5.2s2.4-5.2 5.2-5.2 5.2 2.4 5.2 5.2-2.4 5.2-5.2 5.2z"></path></svg><span class="sc-c-sounds-nav__link-text gel-pica">My Sounds</span></a></li><li><div class="sc-c-sounds-nav__overlay" role="dialog"></div></li></ul></div></div></nav><div class="sc-u-antialiased" id="sounds-app-promo-experimentation-portal-container"><h1 class="sc-c-page-title sw-u-hidden">Science In Action - Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts - BBC Sounds</h1><div class="play-c-herospace-container"><section class="sc-c-herospace gel-1/1 sc-u-clip-overflow" aria-labelledby="sc-id-science-in-action"><div style="background-image:url(https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x640/p0cd0py3.jpg.webp)" class="sc-c-herospace__background-image gel-1/1"></div><div class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size sc-o-island sc-c-herospace__container"><img src="https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/colour_default.svg" alt="World Service" class="sc-c-herospace__network-logo gs-u-mr+ sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tr"/><div class="sc-c-herospace__details gel-1/1 gs-u-box-size"><div class="gel-9/24@xl gs-u-display-inline-block@xl"><div class="sc-c-herospace__imagery gs-u-display-inline-block gel-3/12 gel-2/12@l gel-10/24@xl sc-o-island gs-u-float-right@xl"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cd0py3.jpg.webp 320w"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cd0py3.jpg 320w"/><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cd0py3.jpg" alt="" class="sc-c-herospace__image"/></picture></div></div><div class="sc-c-herospace__details gs-u-pl++@xl gel-15/24@xl gs-u-display-inline-block@xl gs-u-align-top"><div class="gel-17/24@xl sc-c-herospace__details-titles gs-u-pt+ gs-u-mh++"><h1 class="sc-u-screenreader-only">Science In Action - Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts - BBC Sounds</h1><div class="gs-u-display-block"><a id="sc-id-science-in-action" class="gel-pica-bold" href="/programmes/p002vsnb">Science In Action</a></div><hr class="gs-u-mt gs-u-mb-alt gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-ml-0@xl"/><div class="sc-c-marquee"><style class="sc-c-marquee__style"></style><div class="sc-c-marquee__title gel-great-primer gs-u-pb- b-font-weight-500" tabindex="0"><span class="sc-c-marquee__title-1">Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts</span><span class="sc-c-marquee__title-2" aria-hidden="true">Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="smp-wrapper" class="sc-c-smp gel-wrap play-c-player gs-u-mt- gs-u-pb@m gs-u-pb+@xl gs-u-pl0 gs-u-pr0"></div></section><div></div></div><div class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size gs-u-mt-alt+"><div class="play-o-layout play-c-synopsis_subscribe"><div class="gel-1/1 gel-7/10@m gel-9/12@l"><div class="gs-u-mb-alt sc-c-episode__metadata"><div class="gel-pica gs-u-display-inline@s sc-c-episode__metadata__data"><span class="gel-pica-bold">Released On:</span> 09 Jun 2022</div><div class="gel-pica gs-u-display-inline@s gs-u-pl+ sc-c-episode__metadata__data">Available for over a year</div></div><div class="sc-c-synopsis gel-1/1 gs-u-box-size gs-u-pr+"><p class="gel-body-copy">A medical scan which reveals where HIV and other viruses hide in the body. <button class="sc-c-synopsis__button sc-o-button gel-brevier-bold gs-u-mt">Read more<svg width="8px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--read-more sc-c-icon sc-c-synopsis__button-icon gs-u-align-bottom gs-u-ml" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M0 0l16 18L32 0z"></path></svg></button></p></div><div class="gs-u-box-size gs-u-mt++ gs-u-align-center sc-u-align-left@m metadata-links gel-1/1"><div class="gs-u-display-block gs-u-display-inline-block@m gel-1/1 gel-1/2@m metadata-links__link"><a class="sc-c-outline-navigation-button sc-o-link gel-brevier-bold gs-u-ph++@l gs-u-align-center gs-u-display-inline-block sc-c-outline-navigation-button__enabled" href="/sounds/brand/p002vsnb"><div class="gs-u-ph+ gs-u-pv-alt@xs gs-u-pv+@m sc-c-outline-navigation-button-fix"><span class="gs-u-align-text-top">More episodes</span><svg width="14px" height="14px" viewBox="0 0 32 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--more-episodes sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--default gs-u-ml gs-u-mt-- gs-u-align-text-top" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M0,0V20.07519H2.44361V0ZM4.96241,0V20.07519H7.406V0ZM16.61654,15.11278V4.96241l8.1203,5.07518ZM12.594,2.63158H27.33083v14.812H12.594ZM9.92481,20.07519H30V0H9.92481Z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="gs-u-display-block gs-u-display-inline-block@m gel-1/1 gel-1/2@m metadata-links__link"><a class="sc-c-outline-navigation-button sc-o-link gel-brevier-bold gs-u-ph++@l gs-u-align-center gs-u-display-inline-block sc-c-outline-navigation-button__enabled" href="/programmes/w3ct3692" data-bbc-container="player-episode" data-bbc-content-label="programme-website" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb"}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3692" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="gs-u-ph+ gs-u-pv-alt@xs gs-u-pv+@m sc-c-outline-navigation-button-fix"><span class="gs-u-align-text-top">Programme Website</span><svg width="12px" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--external-link sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--default gs-u-ml gs-u-mt-- gs-u-align-text-top" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M17.02 0v2.6h10.12l-.52-1.13-16.6 16.58 1.92 1.88L28.57 3.39l-1.16-.49v10.15h2.61v-13zm3.91 15.94v11.51H2.67V9.29H13.8V6.66H.02v23.42h23.55V15.94z"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><section class="sc-c-playqueue play-u-slice-spacing" aria-labelledby="sc-id-coming-up-next"><header class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size"><header class="sc-c-module-title gs-u-display-inline-block"><h2 id="sc-id-coming-up-next" class="sc-c-module-title__text gel-trafalgar-bold gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-align-top">Coming Up Next</h2></header></header><div class="gs-u-mt+"><div class="sc-c-carousel sc-o-island"><div class="gel-wrap"></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__inner"><div class="sc-o-scrollable gs-u-pb+"><ul class="sc-o-scrollable__list"><li class="sc-o-faux-wrap" style="width:0" aria-hidden="true"> </li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l" data-id="p0cd1sk7"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--is-playing"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3692" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::1","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3692" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cd0py3.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cd0py3.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cd0py3.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cd0py3.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cd0py3.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cd0py3.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cd0py3.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cd0py3.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cd0py3.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cd0py3.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cd0py3.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="gel-layout gel-layout--center gel-layout--middle gel-layout--flush sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--center"><div class="gs-u-display-flex sc-c-overlay-equalizer"><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span></div></div></div><p class="sc-c-basic__label gel-minion-bold gs-u-mt">now playing</p><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt-"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A medical scan which reveals where HIV and other viruses hide in the body.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cffjf2"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3693" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::2","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3693" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cf9xg9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cf9xg9.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cf9xg9.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cf9xg9.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cf9xg9.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cf9xg9.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cf9xg9.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cf9xg9.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cf9xg9.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cf9xg9.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cf9xg9.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Thirty years after the Earth Summit</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Thirty years on, we ask what has the Earth Summit in Rio achieved?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cgsxqr"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3694" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::3","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3694" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cgstbd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cgstbd.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cgstbd.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cgstbd.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cgstbd.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cgstbd.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cgstbd.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cgstbd.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cgstbd.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cgstbd.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cgstbd.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Monster microbe</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Gigantic bacterium discovered in the Caribbean. It’s the size and shape of an eyelash.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cj6l83"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3695" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::4","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3695" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cj6m62.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cj6m62.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cj6m62.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cj6m62.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cj6m62.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cj6m62.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cj6m62.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cj6m62.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cj6m62.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cj6m62.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cj6m62.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Extreme heat death risk in Latin America</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">New study reveals risk of death as temperatures rise in Latin American cities</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cklh1n"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3696" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::5","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3696" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cklgk3.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cklgk3.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cklgk3.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cklgk3.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cklgk3.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cklgk3.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cklgk3.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cklgk3.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cklgk3.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cklgk3.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cklgk3.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Long Covid ‘brain fog’</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">New insights into the cause of Long Covid ‘brain fog’</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0clyy2h"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3697" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::6","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3697" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0clvpwf.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0clvpwf.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0clvpwf.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0clvpwf.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0clvpwf.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0clvpwf.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0clvpwf.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0clvpwf.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0clvpwf.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0clvpwf.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0clvpwf.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">First images from the James Webb Space Telescope</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A sensational new view of the universe from the James Webb Space Telescope.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cnb7vv"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3698" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::7","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3698" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cnb4kj.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cnb4kj.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cnb4kj.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cnb4kj.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cnb4kj.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cnb4kj.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cnb4kj.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cnb4kj.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cnb4kj.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cnb4kj.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cnb4kj.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere - how and why more frequent and more extreme?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cpqt3j"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct3699" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::8","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct3699" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cplbqd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cplbqd.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cplbqd.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cplbqd.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cplbqd.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cplbqd.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cplbqd.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cplbqd.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cplbqd.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cplbqd.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cplbqd.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The first galaxies at the universe's dawn</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">James Webb Space Telescope expands our view of the universe ever deeper back in time</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cr6cc8"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369b" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::9","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369b" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cr689f.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cr689f.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cr689f.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cr689f.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cr689f.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cr689f.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cr689f.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cr689f.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cr689f.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cr689f.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cr689f.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Synthetic mouse embryos with brains and hearts</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Researchers make synthetic mouse embryos with brains and beating hearts from stem cells</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cskmc4"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369c" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::10","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369c" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0csk666.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0csk666.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0csk666.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0csk666.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0csk666.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0csk666.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0csk666.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0csk666.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0csk666.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0csk666.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0csk666.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Icelandic volcano erupts again</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Science in the heat of Iceland's new volcanic eruption.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0ctz4pp"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369d" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::11","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369d" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cv0p6z.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cv0p6z.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cv0p6z.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cv0p6z.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cv0p6z.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cv0p6z.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cv0p6z.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cv0p6z.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cv0p6z.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cv0p6z.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cv0p6z.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Deadly drought</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The gloomy predictions for East Africa’s long running drought</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cwfxjk"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369f" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::12","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369f" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cwfcgq.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cwfcgq.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cwfcgq.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cwfcgq.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cwfcgq.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cwfcgq.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cwfcgq.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cwfcgq.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cwfcgq.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cwfcgq.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cwfcgq.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Surprises from a Martian Lake Bed</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The latest analysis of Nasa’s perseverance discoveries confounds scientists’ expectations</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0cxw4kt"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369g" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::13","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369g" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cxw1mj.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cxw1mj.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cxw1mj.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cxw1mj.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cxw1mj.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cxw1mj.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cxw1mj.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cxw1mj.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cxw1mj.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cxw1mj.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cxw1mj.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The China heatwave and the new normal</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The record-breaking heatwave in China and its connection to extreme weather elsewhere</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="w4hqz0n3"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369h" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::14","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369h" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cz9dt3.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cz9dt3.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cz9dt3.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cz9dt3.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cz9dt3.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0cz9dt3.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0cz9dt3.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0cz9dt3.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0cz9dt3.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0cz9dt3.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0cz9dt3.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The genetics of human intelligence</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A single gene mutation may have propelled a major leap in human brain development</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0d0pvfz"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369j" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::15","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369j" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d0pps4.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d0pps4.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d0pps4.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d0pps4.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d0pps4.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d0pps4.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d0pps4.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d0pps4.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d0pps4.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d0pps4.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0d0pps4.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Science and the causes behind Pakistan’s floods</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A new report demonstrates the impact of global warming on flooding in Pakistan.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0d21pdn"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369k" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::16","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369k" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d20zhc.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d20zhc.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d20zhc.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d20zhc.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d20zhc.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d20zhc.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d20zhc.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d20zhc.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d20zhc.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d20zhc.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0d20zhc.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Should we mine the deep sea?</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A new license for deep sea mining could change the way we harvest rare earth minerals.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0d3k86b"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369l" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::17","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369l" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d3l7jb.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d3l7jb.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d3l7jb.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d3l7jb.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d3l7jb.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d3l7jb.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d3l7jb.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d3l7jb.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d3l7jb.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d3l7jb.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0d3l7jb.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The final moments of DART</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Reflections on NASA’s latest mission as it hits an asteroid 11 million km from earth</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0d55769"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369m" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::18","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369m" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d550mm.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d550mm.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d550mm.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d550mm.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d550mm.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d550mm.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d550mm.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d550mm.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d550mm.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d550mm.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0d550mm.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Nobel Prize 2022: The science behind the winners</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">We meet the winners behind this week’s Nobel Prize announcements</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0d6t8qt"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369n" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::19","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369n" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d6t3qd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d6t3qd.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d6t3qd.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d6t3qd.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d6t3qd.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d6t3qd.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d6t3qd.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d6t3qd.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d6t3qd.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d6t3qd.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0d6t3qd.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Inserting human neurons into the brains of rats</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fusing the brain of a human with a rat could offer insight into neurological disorders</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0d8gzmm"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369p" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::20","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369p" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d8gx7f.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d8gx7f.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d8gx7f.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d8gx7f.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d8gx7f.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0d8gx7f.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0d8gx7f.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0d8gx7f.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0d8gx7f.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0d8gx7f.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0d8gx7f.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The most powerful explosion ever recorded</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A celestial explosion has produced the brightest beam of light ever observed</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0db2hlp"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369q" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::21","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369q" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0db1hpy.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0db1hpy.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0db1hpy.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0db1hpy.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0db1hpy.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0db1hpy.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0db1hpy.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0db1hpy.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0db1hpy.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0db1hpy.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0db1hpy.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Seismic events on Mars</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">New data from Nasa reveals information on Mars’ origin and evolution.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dcqns9"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369w" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::22","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369w" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dcphkq.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dcphkq.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dcphkq.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dcphkq.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dcphkq.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dcphkq.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dcphkq.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dcphkq.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dcphkq.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dcphkq.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dcphkq.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">What peat can tell us about our future</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Peat can offer us early alarm bells to climate change tipping points.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 26 mins">26 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dfb1fr"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369x" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::23","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369x" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0df9w1x.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0df9w1x.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0df9w1x.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0df9w1x.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0df9w1x.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0df9w1x.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dgxzxb"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369y" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::24","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369y" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dgwx65.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dgwx65.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dgwx65.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dgwx65.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dgwx65.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dgwx65.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Online harassment of Covid scientists</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Virologists studying Covid-19 have been subject to online threats</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0djlp18"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369z" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::25","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369z" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0djh4c8.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0djh4c8.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0djh4c8.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0djh4c8.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0djh4c8.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0djh4c8.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A distant planet’s atmosphere</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The chemical composition of planet WASP-39b's atmosphere, 700 light years away</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dlf8jy"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b0" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::26","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b0" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dl4k6y.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dl4k6y.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dl4k6y.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dl4k6y.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dl4k6y.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dl4k6y.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">COVID spreads in China</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">COVID spreads in China</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dmyfj1"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b1" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::27","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b1" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dmmm6c.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dmmm6c.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dmmm6c.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dmmm6c.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dmmm6c.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dmmm6c.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Ancient warmth in Greenland</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Climate change in the Arctic</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dpgjrg"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b2" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::28","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b2" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dp61yp.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dp61yp.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dp61yp.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dp61yp.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dp61yp.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dp61yp.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fusion milestone</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dr1jtm"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b3" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::29","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b3" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dqy6t2.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dqy6t2.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dqy6t2.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dqy6t2.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dqy6t2.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dqy6t2.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Mosquito pesticide failing</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Mosquito pesticide failing</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0ds6smh"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b4" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::30","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b4" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0ds24ff.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0ds24ff.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0ds24ff.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0ds24ff.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0ds24ff.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0ds24ff.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The James Webb Space Telescope: The first six months</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">What have scientists learned since Nasa launched its revolutionary telescope?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dss7jp"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b5" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::31","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b5" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dt3c7j.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dt3c7j.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dt3c7j.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dt3c7j.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dt3c7j.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dt3c7j.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">One year on from the Tonga eruption</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">We take a look at everything we’ve learnt since the Tonga volcano erupted a year ago.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="sc-o-faux-wrap-end" style="width:0" aria-hidden="true"> </li></ul></div></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__blind sc-c-carousel__blind--left sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tl"></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__blind sc-c-carousel__blind--right sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tr"></div></div></div></section><div class="sc-c-navigation-footer gs-u-box-size gs-u-pv gs-u-pv+@m gel-wrap play-u-nav-footer-spacing"><ul class="sc-c-navigation-footer__languages sc-o-piped gel-1/1@xs gel-1/3@l gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-align-top"><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="cy"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/cy"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="ga"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/ga"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="gd"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/gd"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Gàidhlig</span></a></li></ul><ul class="sc-c-navigation-footer__links sc-o-piped gel-1/1@xs gel-2/3@l gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mt+ gs-u-mt0@l gs-u-align-top"><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" href="https://bbc.co.uk/sounds/help"><span class="sc-o-link__text">BBC Sounds Help</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/0c6dcea5-420b-4caf-b3b9-e97b605a50fd"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Contacts, Privacy and Information</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-"><a 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2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts"},"synopses":{"short":"A medical scan which reveals where HIV and other viruses hide in the body.","medium":"A medical scan which reveals where HIV and other viruses hide in the body. Plus a visit to the Large Hadron Collider, Peter Higgs and a revised global history of the chicken.","long":"Researchers have developed a medical imaging technique which reveals where in the body HIV lies hidden, even when people have their infection well controlled by antiviral drugs. The team at the University of California, San Francisco hope this will lead to better treatments and even cures for HIV. As Timothy Henrich told us, they are also going to use the technique to investigate the notion that Long Covid is caused by the coronavirus persisting deep in the body's tissues.\n\nAlso in the programme, Roland Pease reports from the vast particle accelerator in Switzerland where the famous Higgs particle was discovered ten years ago. The scientists there are preparing to begin experiments with an upgraded Large Hadron Collider to learn more about the particle and the fundamental nature of the Universe. \n\nRoland also talks to Frank Close, physicist and author of 'Elusive' - a new biography of Peter Higgs, a scientist as elusive as the particle named after him.\n\nFinally an international team of archaeologists have revised the ancient history of the chicken, with a new programme of radiocarbon dating and analysis of buried bird bones. Humanity's relationship with the bird began much more recently than some researchers have suggested. Naomi Sykes of Exeter University and Greger Larson of Oxford University tell Roland when, where and how the domestication began and how the birds spread from Southeast Asia to the rest of the world.\n\nImage: VRCPET body scan reveals HIV's hideouts\nCredit: Timothy Henrich / University of California, San Francisco\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cd0py3.jpg","duration":{"value":1783,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-06-09T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null}],"state":"ok","style":null,"uris":null,"total":1},{"id":"aod_tracks","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Tracklist","state":"ok","data":[]},{"controls":null,"id":"play_queue","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Coming Up Next","description":null,"image_url":null,"data":[{"id":"p0cd1sk7","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3692","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","label":"09 Jun 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts"},"synopses":{"short":"A medical scan which reveals where HIV and other viruses hide in the body.","medium":"A medical scan which reveals where HIV and other viruses hide in the body. Plus a visit to the Large Hadron Collider, Peter Higgs and a revised global history of the chicken.","long":"Researchers have developed a medical imaging technique which reveals where in the body HIV lies hidden, even when people have their infection well controlled by antiviral drugs. The team at the University of California, San Francisco hope this will lead to better treatments and even cures for HIV. As Timothy Henrich told us, they are also going to use the technique to investigate the notion that Long Covid is caused by the coronavirus persisting deep in the body's tissues.\n\nAlso in the programme, Roland Pease reports from the vast particle accelerator in Switzerland where the famous Higgs particle was discovered ten years ago. The scientists there are preparing to begin experiments with an upgraded Large Hadron Collider to learn more about the particle and the fundamental nature of the Universe. \n\nRoland also talks to Frank Close, physicist and author of 'Elusive' - a new biography of Peter Higgs, a scientist as elusive as the particle named after him.\n\nFinally an international team of archaeologists have revised the ancient history of the chicken, with a new programme of radiocarbon dating and analysis of buried bird bones. Humanity's relationship with the bird began much more recently than some researchers have suggested. Naomi Sykes of Exeter University and Greger Larson of Oxford University tell Roland when, where and how the domestication began and how the birds spread from Southeast Asia to the rest of the world.\n\nImage: VRCPET body scan reveals HIV's hideouts\nCredit: Timothy Henrich / University of California, San Francisco\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cd0py3.jpg","duration":{"value":1783,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-06-09T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cffjf2","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3693","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","label":"16 Jun 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Thirty years after the Earth Summit","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Thirty years after the Earth Summit"},"synopses":{"short":"Thirty years on, we ask what has the Earth Summit in Rio achieved?","medium":"Thirty years on, we ask what has the Earth Summit in Rio achieved? Plus, polar bears and the origin of the Black Death.","long":"Thirty years ago, world leaders met at the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio and appeared to commit to action to tackle two of the world's greatest environmental threats. The Earth Summit launched the UN Climate Change Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Science in Action assesses their success by talking to atmospheric scientist Sir Bob Watson, a former chair of the International Panel of Climate Change, and to Tom Oliver, professor of applied ecology at the University of Reading, decades on.\n\nAlso, Arctic zoologist Kristin Laidre tells us about the identification of an unique population of polar bears in south-east Greenland. The bears’ unusual habitat and means of survival may make them more resilient to the loss of sea ice as the Arctic region continues to warm. Finally, archaeo-geneticist Maria Spyrou talks about her team’s detective work which points to an area of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia as the likely source of the 14th Century Black Death pandemic. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker\n\n(Photo: Earth Summit In Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 2 June, 1992. Credit: Antonio Ribeiro/Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cf9xg9.jpg","duration":{"value":1793,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-06-16T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cgsxqr","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3694","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","label":"23 Jun 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Monster microbe","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Monster microbe"},"synopses":{"short":"Gigantic bacterium discovered in the Caribbean. It’s the size and shape of an eyelash.","medium":"A gigantic bacterium is discovered in the Caribbean. Plus, women scientists are being denied due credit, the earliest wildfires in Earth's history and the rise of the mammals.","long":"Researchers have discovered a species of bacteria which dwarfs all others by thousands of times. Normally you need a microscope to see single-celled bacteria, but Thiomargarita magnifica is the length and width of an eyelash. It's been found growing in mangrove swamps in the Caribbean. Roland Pease talks to Jean Marie Volland about what makes this Godzilla of the microbial world extra-special.\n\nAlso in the programme, a new study published in the journal Nature has discovered that women scientists are less likely than their male peers to be credited for their contributions to research projects. Roland discusses the findings with the study leader Julia Lane of New York University and nanoscientist Shobhana Narasimhan in Bangalore. We also find out about the oldest evidence for wildfires on the planet which raged across the land 430 million years ago, with palaeobotanist Ian Glasspool. And Edinburgh University vertebrate palaeontologist Steve Brusatte talks about some of the evolutionary wonders in his new book The Rise and Reign of the Mammals. \n\n(Image: Thiomargarita magnifica. © The Regents of the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)\n\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cgstbd.jpg","duration":{"value":2051,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-06-23T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cj6l83","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3695","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","label":"30 Jun 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Extreme heat death risk in Latin America","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Extreme heat death risk in Latin America"},"synopses":{"short":"New study reveals risk of death as temperatures rise in Latin American cities","medium":"Study reveals risk of death as temperatures rise in Latin American cities. Also, global heating overshoots, biodiversity, pain relief implant, and a new view of Earth’s minerals","long":"A new analysis of deaths in cities across Latin America suggests rising global temperatures could lead to large numbers of deaths in the region and elsewhere in the world. Even a 1-degree rise in extreme heat can add 6% to the risk of dying. Lead researcher Josiah Kephart at Drexel University tells Roland Pease the lessons from Latin America should apply to cities across the global south.\n\nBrazilian ecologist Andreas Meyer talks about the troubling prospects for the health of ecosystems, particularly in tropical regions, if the world does not cut its fossil fuel emissions hard and fast in the next few years. \n\nIn the USA, a team of engineers and neurosurgeons are developing a radical new approach for targeted pain relief – in the first instance, for patients recovering from surgery. It’s a flexible implant that wraps around a nerve and cools it to prevent it from transmitting pain signals. What’s more, says bioengineer John Rogers, the implant is made of a material designed to have dissolved safely into the body by the time its pain-killing work is done. \n\nGeologist Bob Hazen has spent more than a decade producing a new classification system for the 5,700 minerals known to exist on the Earth. It improves on the pre-existing scheme by taking into account the myriad ways that many minerals have come into being. He tells Roland that this new way of categorising minerals lays bare a 4.5 billion-year history of remarkable chemical and biological creativity. \n\n\n(Image: Rio de Janeiro City. Credit: Pintai Suchachaisri/Getty Images)\n\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cj6m62.jpg","duration":{"value":1925,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-06-30T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cklh1n","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3696","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","label":"07 Jul 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Long Covid ‘brain fog’","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Long Covid ‘brain fog’"},"synopses":{"short":"New insights into the cause of Long Covid ‘brain fog’","medium":"New insights into cause of Long Covid brain fog. Plus asteroid Bennu, Malaysian farmers helping plant conservation biology, and a new theory explaining the rise of the dinosaurs.","long":"Following a bout of Covid-19, a significant number of people suffer with weeks or months of 'brain fog' - poor concentration, forgetfulness, and confusion. This is one of the manifestations of Long Covid. A team of scientists in the United States has now discovered that infection in the lung can trigger an inflammatory response which then causes patterns of abnormal brain cell activity. It’s the kind of brain cell dysregulation also seen in people who experience cognitive problems following chemotherapy for cancer.\n\nAlso in the programme, the latest discoveries about the asteroid Bennu from the Osiris Rex mission, how Malayasian farmers led US researchers to a botanical discovery, and a new explanation for why dinosaurs took over the world 200 million years ago.\n\n\n(Image: System of neurons with glowing connections. Credit: Getty Images) \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cklgk3.jpg","duration":{"value":1817,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-07-07T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0clyy2h","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3697","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","label":"14 Jul 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"First images from the James Webb Space Telescope","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"First images from the James Webb Space Telescope"},"synopses":{"short":"A sensational new view of the universe from the James Webb Space Telescope.","medium":"A sensational new view of the universe from the James Webb Space Telescope. Plus, the origin of the oldest Martian meteorite and the luminous mystery of 'milky seas'.","long":"Roland Pease talks to two astronomers who began working on the James Webb Space Telescope more than two decades ago and have now seen the first spectacular results of their labours. Marcia Rieke of the University of Arizona and JWST's senior project scientist John Mather discuss the highlights of the first four images. \n\nAlso in the programme, geologists discover precisely where on the Red Planet the most ancient Martian meteorite came from - we speak to Anthony Lagain whose detective work identified the crater from which the rock was ejected into space. And what causes vast areas of the Indian Ocean to glow with strange light - a rare and mysterious phenomenon known as 'milky seas'? The world is a step closer to understanding this centuries' old maritime enigma thanks to the crew of a yacht sailing south of Java, atmospheric scientist Steven Miller and marine microbiologist Kenneth Nealson. \n\nImage: The Southern Ring Nebula\nCredit: NASA/STScI\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0clvpwf.jpg","duration":{"value":1917,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-07-14T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cnb7vv","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3698","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","label":"21 Jul 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere"},"synopses":{"short":"Heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere - how and why more frequent and more extreme?","medium":"Heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere - how and why more frequent and more extreme?","long":"The extreme heat wave in western Europe over the last couple of weeks is just one of many in the Northern Hemisphere in 2022. How is global warming changing the atmosphere to make heat waves more frequent and more intense? We talk to climatologists Hannah Cloke, Friederike Otto and Efi Rousi. \n\nIf we want to stabilise global warming to two degrees by the end of the century, how are we going to do that? One novel idea is to harness the world's vast railway infrastructure and equip freight and passenger trains with an additional special wagon or two. These extra cars would be designed to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, liquify it and transport it to sequestration sites. Critically all the energy to capture the carbon dioxide comes free from regenerative braking on the trains. University of Toronto chemist Geoff Ozin and Eric Bachman, founder of the start-up CO2 Rail, explain the vision. \n\nOn the 40th anniversary of the International Whaling Commissions announcing an end to commercial whaling, we hear from Greenpeace co-founder Rex Weyler about the high seas campaign in the 1970s that helped prevent the extinction of the great whales. He talks about the contribution to the cause made by the discovery of whale song, and the release of humpback whale recordings as a commercial disc.\n\n(Image: Firefighter trucks burning during a wildfire on the Mont d'Arrees, outside Brasparts, western France, 19 July 2022. Credit: LOIC VENANCE/ AFP via Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Andrew Luck-Baker\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cnb4kj.jpg","duration":{"value":1771,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-07-21T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cpqt3j","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct3699","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","label":"28 Jul 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The first galaxies at the universe's dawn","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The first galaxies at the universe's dawn"},"synopses":{"short":"James Webb Space Telescope expands our view of the universe ever deeper back in time","medium":"James Webb Space Telescope pushes our view of the universe ever deeper back in time. Also the earliest known predatory animal, prehistoric kissing and the cold sore virus.","long":"In the last week, teams of astronomers have rushed to report ever deeper views of the universe thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope. These are galaxies of stars more than 13.5 billion light years from us and we see them as they were when the universe was in its infancy, less than 300 million years after the Big Bang. As University of Texas astronomer Steve Finkelstein tell us, there are some real surprises in these glimpses of the cosmic dawn. The super-distant galaxy that Steve's group has identified is named after his daughter Maisie.\n\nAlso in the programme: a 550 million year old fossil which is much the oldest representative of a large group of animals still with us today. The early jellyfish relative lived at a time known as the Ediacaran period when all other known complex organisms were weird, alien-looking lifeforms with no surviving descendants. Roland Pease talks palaeontologist Frankie Dunn at the University of Oxford who's led the study of Auroralumina attenboroughii. \n\nDid the cultural invention of romantic kissing five thousand years ago lead to the spread of today's dominant strain of the cold sore virus (Herpes simplex 1) across Europe and Asia? That's the hypothesis of a team of virologists and ancient DNA experts who've been studying viral DNA remnants extracted from four very old teeth. Cambridge University's Charlotte Houldcroft explains the reasoning.\n\nImage: Maisie's Galaxy aka CEERSJ141946.35-525632.8. \nCredit: CEERS Collaboration\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cplbqd.jpg","duration":{"value":1664,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-07-28T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cr6cc8","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369b","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","label":"04 Aug 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Synthetic mouse embryos with brains and hearts","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Synthetic mouse embryos with brains and hearts"},"synopses":{"short":"Researchers make synthetic mouse embryos with brains and beating hearts from stem cells","medium":"Researchers grow synthetic mouse embryos with brains and beating hearts from stem cells. Plus, how covid spreads when we breathe and ways to improve coronavirus vaccines.","long":"This week two research groups announced that they have made synthetic mouse embryos that developed brains and beating hearts in the test tube, starting only with embryonic stem cells. No sperm and eggs were involved. Previously, embryos created this way have never got beyond the stage of being a tiny ball of cells. These embryos grew and developed organs through 8 days – more than a third of the way through the gestation period for a mouse. Roland Pease talks to the leader of one of the teams, developmental biologist Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz of Cambridge University and Caltech about how and why they did this, and the ethical issues around this research.\n\nAlso in the programme: the latest research on how we spread the SARS-CoV-2 virus when we breathe. Infectious disease researcher Kristen Coleman of the University of Maryland tells us about her experiments that have measured the amounts of virus in the tiny aerosol particles emanating from the airways of recently infected people. The results underscore the value of mask-wearing and effective ventilation in buildings.\n\nWe also hear about new approaches to vaccines against the virus – Kevin Ng of the Crick Institute in London talks about the possibility of a universal coronavirus vaccine based on his research, and immunologist Akiko Iwasaki of Yale University extolls the advantages of nasal vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.\n\n\n(Image: Stem cell built mouse embryo at 8 days. Credit: Zernicka-Goetz Lab)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cr689f.jpg","duration":{"value":1778,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-08-04T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cskmc4","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369c","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","label":"11 Aug 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Icelandic volcano erupts again","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Icelandic volcano erupts again"},"synopses":{"short":"Science in the heat of Iceland's new volcanic eruption.","medium":"Science in the heat of Iceland's new volcanic eruption. Plus radio tracking giant migrating moths and synthetic biology making more adaptable crops.","long":"We talk to volcano scientist Ed Marshall in Iceland about working at the volcano which has burst into life spectacularly again after a year of quiet. \n\nAlso in the programme, we'll be following migrating moths across Europe in light aircraft to discover the remarkable secrets of their powers of navigation, and hearing how synthetic biology promises to create smarter and more adaptable genetically engineered crops. \n\n\n\n(Image: Lava spews from the volcano in Fagradalsfjall. Credit: Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0csk666.jpg","duration":{"value":1739,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-08-11T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0ctz4pp","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369d","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","label":"18 Aug 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Deadly drought","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Deadly drought"},"synopses":{"short":"The gloomy predictions for East Africa’s long running drought","medium":"The gloomy predictions for East Africa’s long running drought","long":"East Africa has endured more than two years on continuous drought. The latest predictions suggest the drought is not likely to end any time soon. We look at why climate change and weather patterns in the Pacific and Indian oceans are largely to blame. Andrea Taschetto, chief investigator at the Centre on Climate Extremes at the University of New South Wales discusses the latest predictions\n\nDrought has also been an issue in Europe, comparable with events nearly 500 years ago. Chantal Camenisch at the Institute of History at Bern University in Switzerland has been delving into European drought history and says despite the vast differences in living conditions there are many parallels with today.\n\nWhen a dinosaur killing asteroid hit the earth did it have company? A suspected impact crater discovered off the coast of West Africa may have been caused at around the same time . Heriot Watt University geostratigrapher Uisdean Nicholson and University of Texas geologist Sean Gulick have been investigating.\n\nAnd we have some of the answers to why T Rex had such small eyes for the size of its skull, Stephan Lautenschlager at the University of Birmingham has the gruesome answer. \n\nImage: Woman carrying water in drought, Kenya\nCredit: Getty Images\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Julian Siddle"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cv0p6z.jpg","duration":{"value":1685,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-08-18T19:32:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cwfxjk","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369f","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","label":"25 Aug 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Surprises from a Martian Lake Bed","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Surprises from a Martian Lake Bed"},"synopses":{"short":"The latest analysis of Nasa’s perseverance discoveries confounds scientists’ expectations","medium":"The latest analysis of Nasa’s Perseverance discoveries confounds expectations. Also, volcanologists, anthropologists, and archaeologists focus on a true Atlantis legend.","long":"The Jezero Crater on Mars was targeted by Nasa’s Perseverence rover because from orbit, there was strong evidence it had at some point contained a lake. When the Mars 2020 mission landed, it didn’t take long to spot rocks protruding from the bottom that looked for all the world like sedimentary rocks – implying they were laid down from the liquid water and maybe perhaps even contain signs of past life. This week, the science team have published some of their analysis from the first 9 months of the mission. And, as Principal Scientist Kenneth Farley of Caltech tells Science In Action, the geology is clearly more complex, as it turns out they are igneous, perhaps resulting from subsequent volcanic activity.\n\nBack on earth, Shane Cronin of the University of Auckland has been digging into the legend of the Kuwea volcano in Vanuatu. Folk tales have long talked of an inhabited island that once disappeared beneath the sea. Over the years some have linked these and the submarine caldera with an eruption that occurred in 1452, yet the evidence has been debated. But the Hunga-Tonga eruption earlier this year has shifted Shane’s perception of the evidence. As he describes, he now suspects the 1452 eruption was as much as 5-7 times bigger in magnitude, and likely preceded by smaller eruptions that could fit with some of the legends surrounding the story. \n\nThis type of evidence, interpreted from the testimony of those who live there, is increasingly being employed in conservation studies. Heidi Ma of ZSL in London and colleagues this week declared in Royal Society Open Science, the Dugong – a relative of the manatee - is now functionally extinct in Chinese waters, but they reached this conclusion from interviewing hundreds of individuals in fishing communities along that coast. And very few of them had ever seen one. \n\n\n(Image: Jezero Crater. Credit: Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Alex Mansfield"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cwfcgq.jpg","duration":{"value":1587,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-08-25T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0cxw4kt","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369g","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","label":"01 Sep 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The China heatwave and the new normal","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The China heatwave and the new normal"},"synopses":{"short":"The record-breaking heatwave in China and its connection to extreme weather elsewhere","medium":"Hot on the tail of China’s heatwave comes the other side of the extreme coin – tragic flooding. Also, a coming global shortage of sulfur, while scientists produce oxygen on Mars","long":"Hot on the tail of China’s heatwave comes the other side of the extreme coin – tragic flooding. Also, a coming global shortage of sulfur, while scientists produce useful oxygen on Mars in the MOXIE experiment.\n\nProf Chunzai Wang is the Director of the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography in Guangzhou, China. He tells Roland about the surprising nature of the extreme temperatures and droughts much of China has been experiencing, and how they are connected to so many of the record-breaking weather events around the northern hemisphere this summer, including the tragic flooding in Pakistan. \n\nSome people of course saw this coming. Richard Betts of the UK Met Office talks of a paper by one of his predecessors published 50 years ago exactly that pretty much predicted the greenhouse gas-induced climate change more or less exactly. \n\nClearly, the world needs to cut carbon emissions, and oil and coal would be sensible places to start. But as Prof Mark Maslin points out, this will come with its own consequences in terms of pressure on the industrial supply of sulfur and sulfuric acid, essential to so many other devices and processes. Can a shortage be averted?\n\nAnd scientists working on Nasa’s Mars Perseverance team report more results this week. Alongside all the sensitive instrumentation aboard, an experiment known as MOXIE was somehow squeezed in to demonstrate the principle of electrolyzing Martian carbon dioxide to produce usable oxygen gas. As Michael Hecht explains, the tech is scalable and would be more or less essential to any viable human trip to Mars in the future. \n\n\n\n(Image: The Jialing River bed at the confluence with the Yangtze River is exposed due to drought in August 2022 in Chongqing, China. The water level of the Jialing River, one of the tributaries of the Yangtze River, has dropped due to high temperature and drought. Credit: Zhong Guilin/VCG via Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Robbie Wojciechowski \nProducer: Alex Mansfield"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cxw1mj.jpg","duration":{"value":1696,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-09-01T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"w4hqz0n3","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369h","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","label":"11 Sep 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The genetics of human intelligence","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The genetics of human intelligence"},"synopses":{"short":"A single gene mutation may have propelled a major leap in human brain development","medium":"Single gene mutation may have caused a major leap in human brain development. Environmental problems of a carbon-neutral society. Could a solution be in the exoskeleton of crabs?","long":"Early humans and Neanderthals had similar-sized brains but around 6 million years ago something happened that gave us the intellectual edge. The answer may lie in a tiny mutation in a single gene that meant more neurons could develop in a crucial part of the brain. Post-doctoral research scientist at the Max Plank Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Anneline Pinson, did the heavy lifting on the research under the supervision of Wieland Huttner. They discuss with Roland how this finding offers a major development in our understanding of the evolutionary expansion of the all-important neocortex area of the brain. \n\nA central aspect of what it is to be human and how we use our intelligence is to care for one another. A burial site in Borneo from tens of thousands of years ago gives us fresh insights into how advanced our capacity to care was, millennia before the establishment of stable communities and agricultural life. Remains uncovered by a team of archaeologists from Australia have found one of the first examples of complex medical surgery. \n\nFinally, moving to a carbon-neutral society will involve developing huge battery potential, but that comes with its own environmental and social problems. Could a solution be found in the exoskeleton of crabs? \n \n(Image: Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Zak Brophy and Robbie Wojciechowski"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cz9dt3.jpg","duration":{"value":1590,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-09-10T14:48:40Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0d0pvfz","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369j","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","label":"15 Sep 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Science and the causes behind Pakistan’s floods","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Science and the causes behind Pakistan’s floods"},"synopses":{"short":"A new report demonstrates the impact of global warming on flooding in Pakistan.","medium":"A new report by the World Weather Attribution consortium demonstrates the impact of global warming on flooding in Pakistan. Also, why do we not know where monkeypox began?","long":"A new report by the World Weather Attribution consortium demonstrates the impact of global warming on flooding in Pakistan. The consortium is helping to assess the link between humanitarian disasters and global change, faster than ever before.\n\nThe work, conducted by a team of statisticians, climate experts, and local weather experts, is part of an emerging field in science called Extreme Event Attribution, and can reliably provide assessments in the immediate aftermath of an extreme weather event\n\nThe report follows widescale flooding in Pakistan that has disrupted the lives of over 33 million people. Dr. Friederike Otto from the Grantham Institute for Climate Change explains some of the network’s conclusions as to the causes behind this devastating flood. Can it all be down to climate change?\n\nAlso this week, we speak to Prof Oyewale Tomori of the African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, who writes in this week’s journal Science about what he believes African countries’ role should be in response to the Monkeypox pandemic, and how future academic work in the area should be more homegrown.\n\nFinally, psychologist Lynda Boothroyd talks us through a new study about how the arrival of television in people’s lives can help shape unhealthy and negative perceptions of body image. The study, conducted in Nicaragua, amongst communities only recently connected to electricity supplies, is helping to show how the media could play a part in contributing to conditions like eating disorders.\n\n(Image: Pakistani people move to a safer place due to flooding. Credit: Jan Ali Laghari/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Alex Mansfield, Robbie Wojciechowski"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0d0pps4.jpg","duration":{"value":1782,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-09-15T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0d21pdn","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369k","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","label":"22 Sep 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Should we mine the deep sea?","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Should we mine the deep sea?"},"synopses":{"short":"A new license for deep sea mining could change the way we harvest rare earth minerals.","medium":"Could deep sea mining be the answer for providing the rare earth minerals we need for modern technology? And the discovery of new carnivorous plant species in Australia.","long":"The first license of its kind has been granted for deep-sea mining. It will be used to run early tests to see whether the seabed could be good place to harvest rare earth materials in the future. These earth minerals are what powers much of our modern technology, and the demand is growing year on year.\n\nThe license raises ethical questions about whether anyone has ownership over the seabed, and whether we could be disrupting ecosystems under the sea in doing so. We have two experts joining us to discuss the scientific implications. They are marine biologist, Dr Helen Scales and Bramley Murton from the National Oceanographic Centre, Southampton University.\n\nAlso on the programme, we build on last week’s discussion about growing opportunities for researchers on the African continent. We look at how programmes of genomic sequencing are offering opportunities for Africa-based researchers, that haven’t been available before.\n\nAnd lastly, we talk to Thilo Kreuger, a PhD student at Curtin University, Western Australia, who’s behind the discovery of a whole new species of carnivorous plants. We discuss what it’s like fulfilling a lifelong dream to discover more about these spectacular plant species.\n\n(Image: The Metals Company plans to mine the seafloor for these nodules containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese in the Clarion Clipperton Zone of the Pacific Ocean. (Carolyn Cole / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\n\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harrison Lewis, Robbie Wojciechowski"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0d20zhc.jpg","duration":{"value":1593,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-09-22T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0d3k86b","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369l","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","label":"29 Sep 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The final moments of DART","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The final moments of DART"},"synopses":{"short":"Reflections on NASA’s latest mission as it hits an asteroid 11 million km from earth","medium":"As the images trickle in from NASA’s DART mission, we ask whether the mission was a success. Also this week, Roland visits a vast biobank storing 20 years of genetic information.","long":"NASA’s latest mission, DART hit the headlines this week after the space agency’s satellite successfully collided with a far off asteroid. The mission acts as a demonstration of Earth’s first planetary defence system. Jon Amos, one of BBC’s Science correspondents, talks Roland through the final moments of the DART satellite. Although the collision was a success, we may have to wait a little longer before we know if the asteroid’s trajectory has been altered…\n\nSimone Pirrotta, project manager at the Italian Space Agency, has more to add. His nifty camera system broke away 10 days before DART’s collision, ensuring its own survival. This celestial drive by is guaranteed to provide scientific data to get excited about.\n\nAlso this week, we visit the China Kadoorie Biobank. Twenty years in the making, it houses a collection of over half a million genetic samples, which might help identify links between our own genetic compositions and illness. Roland Pease visited them in Oxford to find out more.\n\nFinally, a new review describes the use of mercury by ancient Mayans. The metal is famous for its use across a plethora of civilizations throughout history. Andrea Sella from University College London, tells Roland how his favourite element underpins industrialisation across the ages and the globe.\n\nImage: An illustration of the DART spacecraft headed toward its target\nCredit: NASA/John Hopkins APL\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harrison Lewis, Robbie Wojciechowski"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0d3l7jb.jpg","duration":{"value":1588,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-09-29T19:32:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0d55769","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369m","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","label":"06 Oct 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Nobel Prize 2022: The science behind the winners","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Nobel Prize 2022: The science behind the winners"},"synopses":{"short":"We meet the winners behind this week’s Nobel Prize announcements","medium":"The Nobel Prize committee has unveiled its winners for 2022. We uncover the science behind this year’s award winners.","long":"For the scientific community, the Nobel Prize announcements are an important part of the yearly science calendar. The award is one of the most widely celebrated and gives us a moment to reflect on some of the leading scientific work taking place around the world. \n\nThis year’s winners include Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their work on quantum entanglement. Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless for their work on click chemistry. And Svante Pääbo for his work on sequencing Neanderthal DNA. \n\nTo understand the science behind the award winners better, we’ve invited a variety of speakers to help us understand their work better. Award winner, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Professor of Chemistry at Stanford, explains the basics behind click chemistry, a practice that has helped us to study molecules and their interactions in living things without interfering with natural biological processes. \n\nMateja Hajdinjak, Postdoctoral Training Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, celebrated alongside her former PhD. tutor, Svante Paabo in Germany this week. We talk to her about his significance in the development of DNA sequencing in ancient humans.\n\nAnd Professor Shohini Ghose of the Institute of Quantum Computing at Waterloo University in Canada joins us to explain the complicated world of quantum entanglement. \n\nAlso this week, we meet Jessica Thompson, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Yale University, who’s been considering how new parents manage the tricky job of childcare while out on fieldwork. She’s behind a new survey encouraging fellow scientists to consider how to approach the challenge of parental duties differently in the future. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harry Lewis\nAssistant Producer: Robbie Wojciechowski\n\n(Photo: A monument to Nobel Prize founder Alfred Nobel. Credit: Mario Tama/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0d550mm.jpg","duration":{"value":1819,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-10-06T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0d6t8qt","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369n","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","label":"13 Oct 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Inserting human neurons into the brains of rats","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Inserting human neurons into the brains of rats"},"synopses":{"short":"Fusing the brain of a human with a rat could offer insight into neurological disorders","medium":"Inserting human neurons into a rats brain, the hotly anticipated results from NASA’s dart mission and sounds from the deep-sea unearthing the secret life of blue whales","long":"Sergiu Pasca, Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University has left the petri dish in the drawer and grown human neurons inside the brains of juvenile rats. Successful connectivity and brain function may allow for more rigorous testing and understanding of neurological conditions, that have until now remained difficult to localise and treat.\n\nIt’s been a few weeks since NASA’s DART mission smashed into an asteroid in an attempt to budge it off course, kickstarting Earth’s first planetary defence system. Scientists are starting to pour through the data to determine whether or not it worked. Dr Toney Minter, Head of Operations at Green Bank Observatory has been using Green Bank’s radio telescope to keep us updated and track the celestial system. \n\nJohn Ryan, a Senior Research Specialist at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute has spent the last three years studying the distinct vocal calls of blue whales. It’s part of a body of work that is unlocking the secretive existence of this endangered species, understanding how they react to the wind and search for food by navigating upwelling currents in the ocean.\n\nHave you ever wondered what it would be like to live at the poles? Well, now you don’t have to imagine. Celas Marie-Sainte and Moreno Baricevic share their winterover experience, gathering data at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica. Hear what their work entails and ruminate on reflections of 6 months immersed in darkness.\n\n(Image: Axial view of rat brain connectivity. Getty Images)\nCredit: \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harry Lewis, Robbie Wojciechowski"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0d6t3qd.jpg","duration":{"value":1903,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-10-13T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0d8gzmm","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369p","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","label":"20 Oct 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The most powerful explosion ever recorded","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The most powerful explosion ever recorded"},"synopses":{"short":"A celestial explosion has produced the brightest beam of light ever observed","medium":"One of the closest gamma ray bursts erupts from a local supernova, vertebrate gills may have carried out an odd evolutionary function and caterpillars that eat through plastic bags","long":"It’s been an unusual week for astronomers, with telescopes swivelled off course to observe GRB221009A, the brightest gamma ray burst ever recorded. Gamma ray bursts aren’t unusual, the by-product of some supernovae are recorded weekly. Whilst the afterglow of these bursts usually lasts hours or days, the aftermath of, what has been dubbed ‘BOAT’, brightest of all time, is expected to linger for years to come. Harvard University’s Edo Berger and Yvette Cendas believe there’s lots to be learnt in the coming months. \n\nBack in the primordial oceans, tiny, wriggling worms and shimmering jellyfish invented ever better ways to strip resources from their environment deep in the murky depths. The ability to efficiently take up oxygen from a marine environment acted as a gateway for a dramatic explosion in species diversity. But according to Michael Sackville, Postdoctoral Fellow University of Cambridge and Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, when the gills first appeared they may have carried out a rather different function.\n\nPlastics litter our oceans, and after time return to the shores. In order to predict and better understand where these plastic hotspots are, Professor Bhavani Narayanaswamy, Benthic Ecologist for Scottish Association for Marine Science, travels all over the globe to gather data and model these plastic hotspots. \n\nIn the future, this plastic waste could be broken down by a biological organisms. Chemical biologist Dr Federica Bertocchini at the University of Cantabria has identified enzymes responsible for munching through resilient polymers in waxworms.\n\n\n(Image: Gamma Rays in Galactic Nuclei. Credit: Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harrison Lewis, Robbie Wojciechowski"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0d8gx7f.jpg","duration":{"value":1623,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-10-20T20:03:35Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0db2hlp","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369q","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","label":"27 Oct 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Seismic events on Mars","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Seismic events on Mars"},"synopses":{"short":"New data from Nasa reveals information on Mars’ origin and evolution.","medium":"New data from Nasa reveals information on Mars’ origin and evolution. Also, we discuss the impact of the Brazilian election on science and dig into research on nose-picking lemurs.","long":"The latest observations from Nasa’s InSight Mars Lander and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) have revealed new information on Mars’ interior structure. Dr Anna Horleston, Senior Research Associate in Planetary Seismology at the University of Bristol, talks us through the mars-quakes that provided this data. \n\nOn the 30th of October, Brazilians will head to the polls to elect their next president. Jeff Tollefson, Senior Reporter at Nature, tells Roland what approach the two candidates – Jair Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – might take towards science and the potential local and global impacts this could have.\n\nHumans aren’t the only animals to pick their noses… it turns out primates engage in this habit too. Anne-Claire Fabre, Curator of Mammals at the Duke Lemur Center, tells reporter Vic Gill about the long-fingered aye-ayes having a dig around their noses, and how more research is needed to unpick the reasons behind this behaviour.\n\nAnd producer Robbie Wojciechowski heads to the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton to capture the launch of the RRS Discovery mission to Ascension Island and St Helena. Science In Action will be following the mission over the next 6 weeks as it uncovers new specimens from the deep ocean, as well as surveying the overall health and wellbeing of the ocean around the British Overseas Territory. \n\nContributors \nDr Anna Horleston, Senior Research Associate in Planetary Seismology, University of Bristol\nJeff Tollefson, Senior Reporter, Nature\nAnne-Claire Fabre, Curator of Mammals, Duke Lemur Center\n\n(Image: Impression of a rover on the surface of Mars. Credit: Getty Images)\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston \nProducer: Robbie Wojciechowski"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0db1hpy.jpg","duration":{"value":1587,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-10-27T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dcqns9","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369w","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","label":"03 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"What peat can tell us about our future","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"What peat can tell us about our future"},"synopses":{"short":"Peat can offer us early alarm bells to climate change tipping points.","medium":"We understand how peat can show us climate change tipping points. Look at how hurricanes are intensifying. And bust some COP jargon.","long":"The Congo Basin is home to the world’s largest peatland. Simon Lewis, Professor of Global Change Science at UCL and the University of Leeds, tells Roland how this peatland acts as a huge carbon sink and how climate change could result in these carbon stores being released. He is joined by Dr Ifo Averti, Associate Professor in Forest Ecology at Universite Marien Ngouabi in the Congo who helps us understand what this landscape is like. \n\nWe explore how peatlands all around the world are showing early alarm bells of change. From the boreal Arctic forests to the Amazon, prof Simon Lewis helps us understand how they could action huge change in the climate. \n\nHurricane Ian, which recently caused devastating damage to Cuba and the United States, may signify a growing trend of increasingly powerful storms. Karthik Balaguru, climate and data scientist at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, explains how climate change is causing hurricanes to rapidly intensify, making them faster and wetter.\n\nOn Sunday 6 November, COP27 will begin in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. Dr Debbie Rosen, Science and Policy Manager at CONSTRAIN, breaks down some of the jargon we might hear throughout the conference. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston \nProducer: Robbie Wojciechowski\n\n(Image credit: Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dcphkq.jpg","duration":{"value":1588,"label":"26 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-03T21:02:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dfb1fr","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369x","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","label":"10 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients"},"synopses":{"short":"Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified","medium":"Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified. Also, discovery of a black hole and how of buildings can help reduce climate change.","long":"Researchers have identified which neurons, when electrically stimulated, can restore the ability to walk in paralysed patients. Professor Jocelyne Bloch, Associate Professor at the Université de Lausanne, tells Roland how the technology works.\n\nAstronomers have discovered the closest black hole to Earth. Researchers led by Kareem El-Badry, astrophysicist at Harvard University, identified the celestial body when they spotted a Sun-like star orbiting a dark, dense object.\n\nThe origins of eels have been mystifying scientists for centuries. Though the Sargasso Sea has been their presumed breeding place for 100 years, there has been no direct evidence of their migration – until now. Ros Wright, Senior Fisheries Technical Specialist at the Environment Agency, shares how researchers finally pinned down these slippery creatures.\n\nThis week, a new report from the UN Environment Programme reveals that carbon dioxide emissions from building operations have reached an all-time high. Insaf Ben Othmane, architect and co-author of the report, talks through the risks and opportunities this poses for Africa and why there is still hope for the future.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Photo: Patient with complete spinal cord injury (left) and incomplete spinal cord injury (right) walking in Lausanne. Credit: Jimmy Ravier/NeuroRestore)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0df9w1x.jpg","duration":{"value":1837,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-10T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dgxzxb","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369y","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","label":"17 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Online harassment of Covid scientists","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Online harassment of Covid scientists"},"synopses":{"short":"Virologists studying Covid-19 have been subject to online threats","medium":"Virologists studying Covid-19 have been subject to online threats. Also, we discuss Covid ’s origins, anti-Chinese sentiment since the pandemic, and hear from the RRS Discovery.","long":"Since the Covid-19 pandemic began, scientists studying the virus have become targets of online harassment, and more recently, death threats. Roland speaks to Dr Angela Rasmussen, virologist at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization at the University of Saskatchewan, about her experiences.\n\nSpyros Lytras, PhD candidate at the University of Glasgow, talks Roland through the evolutionary history of the virus that causes Covid-19 and how there isn’t just one ancestor, but several. \n\nAnti-Asian sentiment has seen a big increase since the pandemic. Dr Qian He, Postdoctoral Research Associate at Princeton University, looked into how US-China relations have influenced how Americans view Chinese today.\n\nAnd we hear from scientists on board the RRS Discovery, which is currently located near St Helena and Ascension Island, surveying the health of the surrounding ocean. On board, documentary film-maker Lawrence Eagling, talks to Shona Murray, pelagic ecologist from the University of Western Australia, and Gareth Flint, mechanical engineer at British Antarctic Survey, about their work and findings.\n\n(Photo: A scientist stands behind testing kits and checks his phone. Credit: Getty Images)\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dgwx65.jpg","duration":{"value":1636,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-17T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0djlp18","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369z","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","label":"24 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"A distant planet’s atmosphere","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"A distant planet’s atmosphere"},"synopses":{"short":"The chemical composition of planet WASP-39b's atmosphere, 700 light years away","medium":"The chemical composition of planet WASP-39b's atmosphere, 700 light years away. Pregnancy brain fog explained. Earth's atmospheric haze and global warming. Improving lab coats.","long":"Nasa's JWST space telescope has unpicked the chemical contents and state of the atmosphere of planet WASP-39b 700 light years away. Astronomer Hannah Wakeford explains. \n\nMeteorologist Laura Wilcox warns that atmospheric haze over China and South Asia is masking some of the effects of global warming.\n\nLoss of memory and other mental changes during pregnancy have been traced to structural changes in the brain, possibly due to hormone effects. Neuroscientist Elseline Hoekszema speculates.\n\nImproving lab coats - every scientist has a lab coat, but how many have one actually fits? Founder of Genius Lab Gear Derek Miller explains the problem and how he's trying to fix it.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Photo: View of Earth from space. Credit: Melissa Weiss/Center for Astrophysics/Harvard and Smithsonian)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0djh4c8.jpg","duration":{"value":1684,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-24T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dlf8jy","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b0","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","label":"01 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"COVID spreads in China","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"COVID spreads in China"},"synopses":{"short":"COVID spreads in China","medium":"A year after the COVID omicron variant started to sweep the world, it is taking hold in China. Roland examines how bad the spread could be, and the risks for the rest of the world","long":"Hong Kong health expert Professor Malik Peiris relates the lessons from the devastation there earlier this year.\nUK virologist Dr Tom Peacock reveals the unusual origins and evolution of omicron, and explains the risks of dangerous new variants.\nNew studies from China are revealing further SARS-like viruses in the wild; Professor Eddie Holmes says they underline the risk of further pandemics.\n\n(Photo: Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dl4k6y.jpg","duration":{"value":2098,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-02T15:03:42Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dmyfj1","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b1","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","label":"08 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Ancient warmth in Greenland","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Ancient warmth in Greenland"},"synopses":{"short":"Climate change in the Arctic","medium":"Two-million-year-old molecular fossils reveal the Arctic’s future under global warming\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston","long":"Two-million-year-old molecular fossils reveal flourishing woodlands and widespread animals in Greenland's pre-Ice-Age past, and give hints to the Arctic’s future under global warming. We hear from a molecular palaeontologist and a climate modeller.\n\nDNA also reveals the enduring genetic influence of our extinct Denisovan cousins on disease immunity in modern island South East Asians.\n\nAnd the art and science of 3D-printing violins\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Image: Landscape illustration with three elephants. Credit: Beth Zaiken/bethzaiken.com)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dmmm6c.jpg","duration":{"value":1871,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-08T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dpgjrg","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b2","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","label":"15 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Fusion milestone","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Fusion milestone"},"synopses":{"short":"Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines","medium":"Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines; Whirlwinds on Mars; 75 years of the transistor electronics revolution - where next for Moore's Law?","long":"Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines. \nLaser fusion expert Kate Lancaster walks us through the technology that produced energy gain at the US's National Ignition Facility NIF\n\nWhirlwinds on Mars\nWhat the sounds of a dust devil passing over NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover tells us about the Martian atmosphere\n\n75 years of the transistor electronics revolution - where next for Moore's Law?\nDecember 16th 1947 was the day the first ever transistor device passed an electrical current. Trillions are made every day these days, powering our interconnected world. Roland recalls meeting some of the pioneers for the 50th anniversary, including Gordon Moore, and hears from Berkeley Dean of engineering Tsu-Jae King Liu how the revolution will continue for another 25 years."},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dp61yp.jpg","duration":{"value":1993,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-15T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dr1jtm","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b3","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","label":"22 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Mosquito pesticide failing","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Mosquito pesticide failing"},"synopses":{"short":"Mosquito pesticide failing","medium":"Mosquito pesticide failing; Dangerous bird flu evolving fast; Drilling for ancient ice in the Antarctic; Martian rock store opens","long":"Mosquito pesticide failing - prevention of dengue fever and other diseases at risk.\nDangerous bird flu evolving fast - researchers are learning why bird flu is persisting and spreading fast round the world, and assess the threat to humans.\nDrilling for ancient ice in the Antarctic - Roland talks to one of the team drilling kilometres into an ancient, frozen record of past climate,\nMartian rock store opens - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover is stashing rock samples future missions could bring back to Earth.\n\n\nImage credit: Shinji Kasai\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dqy6t2.jpg","duration":{"value":1669,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-22T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0ds6smh","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b4","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","label":"29 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The James Webb Space Telescope: The first six months","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The James Webb Space Telescope: The first six months"},"synopses":{"short":"What have scientists learned since Nasa launched its revolutionary telescope?","medium":"Nasa's James Webb Space Telescope has produced amazing images, and amazing science, in its first five months.","long":"Nasa's James Webb Space Telescope has produced amazing images, and amazing science, in its first five months. Roland Pease hears from one of the leading astronomers on the JWST programme, Dr Heidi Hammel, as well as other experts on what they are already learning about the first galaxies in the Universe, the birthplaces of stars, the strange behaviour of some other stars, and the first view of Neptune's rings in over 30 years.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston \n\nImage: An image from the James Webb Space Telescope (Credit: Nasa via PA)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0ds24ff.jpg","duration":{"value":1976,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-30T13:31:27Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dss7jp","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b5","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","label":"05 Jan 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"One year on from the Tonga eruption","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"One year on from the Tonga eruption"},"synopses":{"short":"We take a look at everything we’ve learnt since the Tonga volcano erupted a year ago.","medium":"We go over the scientific discoveries made since the explosive eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in January 2022.","long":"We’re taking a look back at the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, which literally sent shockwaves around the world. One year on, and we’re still uncovering what made the volcano so powerful, as well as unpacking its long lasting impacts.\n\nRoland is joined by Professor Shane Cronin from the University of Auckland and Dr Marta Ribó from the Auckland University of Technology to share their findings from their latest trip to survey the volcano.\n\nThe impacts of the eruption weren’t just felt on Earth – they also reached all the way to space. Physicist Claire Gasque from the University of California, Berkeley, has been analysing how the eruption affected space weather.\n\nAmongst all the material ejected by Hunga Tonga was a huge amount of water. The massive water vapour cloud is still present in our atmosphere, as Professor Simon Carn from the Michigan Technological University tells us.\n\nThe volcano also triggered tsunamis worldwide. Disaster sociologist Dr Sara McBride from the US Geological Survey has been using video footage of the event to analyse how people responded and how we can better prepare for future eruptions.\n\nImage Credit: Tonga Geological Services\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dt3c7j.jpg","duration":{"value":1735,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-01-05T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science 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Plus a visit to the Large Hadron Collider, Peter Higgs and a revised global history of the chicken.","long":"Researchers have developed a medical imaging technique which reveals where in the body HIV lies hidden, even when people have their infection well controlled by antiviral drugs. The team at the University of California, San Francisco hope this will lead to better treatments and even cures for HIV. As Timothy Henrich told us, they are also going to use the technique to investigate the notion that Long Covid is caused by the coronavirus persisting deep in the body's tissues.\n\nAlso in the programme, Roland Pease reports from the vast particle accelerator in Switzerland where the famous Higgs particle was discovered ten years ago. The scientists there are preparing to begin experiments with an upgraded Large Hadron Collider to learn more about the particle and the fundamental nature of the Universe. \n\nRoland also talks to Frank Close, physicist and author of 'Elusive' - a new biography of Peter Higgs, a scientist as elusive as the particle named after him.\n\nFinally an international team of archaeologists have revised the ancient history of the chicken, with a new programme of radiocarbon dating and analysis of buried bird bones. Humanity's relationship with the bird began much more recently than some researchers have suggested. Naomi Sykes of Exeter University and Greger Larson of Oxford University tell Roland when, where and how the domestication began and how the birds spread from Southeast Asia to the rest of the world.\n\nImage: VRCPET body scan reveals HIV's hideouts\nCredit: Timothy Henrich / University of California, San Francisco\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Andrew Luck-Baker"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0cd0py3.jpg","duration":{"value":1783,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-06-09T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science 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