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d="M210,304h212c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,302.552,424,302v-92c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,208,422,208H210c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S208,209.448,208,210v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S209.448,304,210,304z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Sport</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#067EB3" d="M316.234,368.56l52.326-52.326c0.391-0.391,0.586-0.902,0.586-1.414c0-0.512-0.195-1.024-0.586-1.414 L252.594,197.44c-0.391-0.391-0.902-0.586-1.414-0.586s-1.024,0.195-1.414,0.586l-52.326,52.326 c-0.391,0.391-0.586,0.902-0.586,1.414s0.195,1.024,0.586,1.414L313.406,368.56c0.391,0.391,0.902,0.586,1.414,0.586 C315.332,369.146,315.844,368.95,316.234,368.56z"></path> <path fill="#1969A6" d="M90,424h74c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S166,422.552,166,422V258c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S164.552,256,164,256H90c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S88,257.448,88,258v164c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S89.448,424,90,424z"></path> <path fill="#149EDC" d="M258,166h164c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,164.552,424,164V90c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,88,422,88H258c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S256,89.448,256,90v74c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S257.448,166,258,166z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Weather</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#DC2878" d="M182,358h-68c-0.55,0-1.05-0.225-1.412-0.587C112.225,357.05,112,356.55,112,356V156 c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414S113.448,154,114,154h68c0.55,0,1.05,0.225,1.413,0.587C183.775,154.95,184,155.45,184,156v200 c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414S182.552,358,182,358z"></path> <path fill="#FF4C98" d="M372.106,248.243l34-58.89c0.275-0.476,0.33-1.022,0.197-1.517c-0.133-0.495-0.453-0.94-0.93-1.215 l-173.205-100c-0.478-0.276-1.023-0.332-1.518-0.2c-0.494,0.132-0.938,0.454-1.214,0.932l-34,58.89 c-0.275,0.476-0.33,1.022-0.197,1.517c0.133,0.495,0.453,0.94,0.93,1.215l173.205,100c0.478,0.276,1.023,0.332,1.518,0.2 C371.386,249.042,371.83,248.721,372.106,248.243z"></path> <path fill="#AF0D5B" d="M372.106,263.757l34,58.89c0.275,0.476,0.33,1.022,0.197,1.517c-0.133,0.495-0.453,0.94-0.93,1.215 l-173.205,100c-0.478,0.276-1.023,0.332-1.518,0.2c-0.494-0.132-0.938-0.454-1.214-0.932l-34-58.89 c-0.275-0.476-0.33-1.022-0.197-1.517c0.133-0.495,0.453-0.94,0.93-1.215l173.205-100c0.478-0.276,1.023-0.332,1.518-0.2 C371.386,262.958,371.83,263.279,372.106,263.757z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>iPlayer</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sounds"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#A13104" d="M122,304H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,302.552,76,302v-92c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S77.448,208,78,208h44c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S124,209.448,124,210v92c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S122.552,304,122,304z"></path> <path fill="#D24712" d="M230,376h-80c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S148,374.552,148,374V138c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S149.448,136,150,136h80c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S232,137.448,232,138v236c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S230.552,376,230,376z"></path> <path fill="#FA6400" d="M422,424H258c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S256,422.552,256,422V90c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S257.448,88,258,88h164c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S424,89.448,424,90v332c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S422.552,424,422,424z"></path> </g> </svg> <span>Sounds</span> </a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-bitesize"> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize"> <svg class="product-icon" width="1.75em" height="1.75em" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <g> <path fill="#6100A8" d="M134,400H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,398.552,76,398V162c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 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18.286-7.93 4.214-17.543 6.319-28.841 6.319h-40.439l.001-106.298Zm39.25 86.674c9.91 0 17.518-2.899 22.82-8.697 5.301-5.798 7.954-14.147 7.954-25.051 0-10.802-2.602-19.053-7.805-24.753-5.204-5.698-12.811-8.549-22.821-8.549h-16.502v67.05h16.354Zm98.566 21.855c-5.85 0-11.622-.646-17.32-1.933a66.227 66.227 0 0 1-16.428-6.096V82.282c10.604 6.444 21.853 9.664 33.748 9.664 6.739 0 11.868-1.138 15.387-3.419 3.517-2.279 5.278-5.45 5.278-9.515 0-3.071-.868-5.476-2.602-7.211-1.735-1.733-4.039-3.122-6.913-4.163-2.876-1.04-6.095-2.007-9.663-2.899-5.85-1.387-11.002-2.974-15.462-4.757-4.46-1.783-8.228-3.888-11.299-6.319-3.073-2.427-5.403-5.352-6.987-8.771-1.586-3.42-2.378-7.508-2.378-12.265 0-6.739 1.71-12.537 5.128-17.395 3.42-4.855 8.252-8.597 14.496-11.225 6.243-2.625 13.677-3.939 22.3-3.939 5.65 0 11.199.646 16.65 1.933 5.45 1.289 10.356 3.024 14.719 5.204v20.219c-4.363-2.676-9.292-4.757-14.792-6.244-5.501-1.487-11.028-2.231-16.577-2.231-6.047 0-10.73 1.041-14.049 3.122-3.321 2.081-4.98 5.055-4.98 8.92 0 2.776.792 4.981 2.378 6.616 1.584 1.635 3.84 2.974 6.765 4.014 2.922 1.041 6.368 2.058 10.332 3.048 5.055 1.29 9.761 2.702 14.124 4.237 4.359 1.538 8.2 3.494 11.521 5.872 3.32 2.379 5.896 5.403 7.732 9.069 1.833 3.668 2.75 8.177 2.75 13.529 0 7.039-1.736 13.06-5.203 18.063-3.47 5.006-8.474 8.823-15.016 11.447-6.542 2.626-14.422 3.941-23.639 3.941Z"></path></svg></a><button class="sn-menu-button sc-c-sounds-nav__menu-button sc-o-button gel-pica-bold" aria-label="toggle sounds menu"><span class="sc-o-button__text">Menu</span><svg width="12px" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--chevron-right sc-c-icon sc-c-sounds-nav__menu-icon sc-o-button__text" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M21.6 14.3L5.5 31h6.4l14.6-15L11.9 1H5.5l16.1 16.7v-3.4z"></path></svg></button><ul class="sc-c-sounds-nav__items sc-c-sounds-nav__items--wordmark-aligned sc-c-sounds-nav__items--sticky"><li class="sc-c-sounds-nav__link-item 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32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--my-sounds sc-c-icon sc-c-sounds-nav__link-icon sc-c-sounds-nav__link-icon--my-sounds" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M2.1 6h28v2.4h-28zM4 1h23.9v2.4H4zM0 10.9v20h7.9c1.3-3.1 4.5-5.4 8.1-5.4s6.7 2.2 8.1 5.4H32v-20H0zm16 13.3c-2.8 0-5.2-2.4-5.2-5.2s2.4-5.2 5.2-5.2 5.2 2.4 5.2 5.2-2.4 5.2-5.2 5.2z"></path></svg><span class="sc-c-sounds-nav__link-text gel-pica">My Sounds</span></a></li><li><div class="sc-c-sounds-nav__overlay" role="dialog"></div></li></ul></div></div></nav><div class="sc-u-antialiased" id="sounds-app-promo-experimentation-portal-container"><h1 class="sc-c-page-title sw-u-hidden">Science In Action - Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients - BBC Sounds</h1><div class="play-c-herospace-container"><section class="sc-c-herospace gel-1/1 sc-u-clip-overflow" aria-labelledby="sc-id-science-in-action"><div style="background-image:url(https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x640/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp)" class="sc-c-herospace__background-image gel-1/1"></div><div class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size sc-o-island sc-c-herospace__container"><img src="https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/colour_default.svg" alt="World Service" class="sc-c-herospace__network-logo gs-u-mr+ sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tr"/><div class="sc-c-herospace__details gel-1/1 gs-u-box-size"><div class="gel-9/24@xl gs-u-display-inline-block@xl"><div class="sc-c-herospace__imagery gs-u-display-inline-block gel-3/12 gel-2/12@l gel-10/24@xl sc-o-island gs-u-float-right@xl"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 320w"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0df9w1x.jpg 320w"/><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0df9w1x.jpg" alt="" class="sc-c-herospace__image"/></picture></div></div><div class="sc-c-herospace__details gs-u-pl++@xl gel-15/24@xl gs-u-display-inline-block@xl gs-u-align-top"><div class="gel-17/24@xl sc-c-herospace__details-titles gs-u-pt+ gs-u-mh++"><h1 class="sc-u-screenreader-only">Science In Action - Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients - BBC Sounds</h1><div class="gs-u-display-block"><a id="sc-id-science-in-action" class="gel-pica-bold" href="/programmes/p002vsnb">Science In Action</a></div><hr class="gs-u-mt gs-u-mb-alt gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-ml-0@xl"/><div class="sc-c-marquee"><style class="sc-c-marquee__style"></style><div class="sc-c-marquee__title gel-great-primer gs-u-pb- b-font-weight-500" tabindex="0"><span class="sc-c-marquee__title-1">Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients</span><span class="sc-c-marquee__title-2" aria-hidden="true">Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="smp-wrapper" class="sc-c-smp gel-wrap play-c-player gs-u-mt- gs-u-pb@m gs-u-pb+@xl gs-u-pl0 gs-u-pr0"></div></section><div></div></div><div class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size gs-u-mt-alt+"><div class="play-o-layout play-c-synopsis_subscribe"><div class="gel-1/1 gel-7/10@m gel-9/12@l"><div class="gs-u-mb-alt sc-c-episode__metadata"><div class="gel-pica gs-u-display-inline@s sc-c-episode__metadata__data"><span class="gel-pica-bold">Released On:</span> 10 Nov 2022</div><div class="gel-pica gs-u-display-inline@s gs-u-pl+ sc-c-episode__metadata__data">Available for over a year</div></div><div class="sc-c-synopsis gel-1/1 gs-u-box-size gs-u-pr+"><p class="gel-body-copy">Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified <button class="sc-c-synopsis__button sc-o-button gel-brevier-bold gs-u-mt">Read more<svg width="8px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--read-more sc-c-icon sc-c-synopsis__button-icon gs-u-align-bottom gs-u-ml" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M0 0l16 18L32 0z"></path></svg></button></p></div><div class="gs-u-box-size gs-u-mt++ gs-u-align-center sc-u-align-left@m metadata-links gel-1/1"><div class="gs-u-display-block gs-u-display-inline-block@m gel-1/1 gel-1/2@m metadata-links__link"><a class="sc-c-outline-navigation-button sc-o-link gel-brevier-bold gs-u-ph++@l gs-u-align-center gs-u-display-inline-block sc-c-outline-navigation-button__enabled" href="/sounds/brand/p002vsnb"><div class="gs-u-ph+ gs-u-pv-alt@xs gs-u-pv+@m sc-c-outline-navigation-button-fix"><span class="gs-u-align-text-top">More episodes</span><svg width="14px" height="14px" viewBox="0 0 32 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--more-episodes sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--default gs-u-ml gs-u-mt-- gs-u-align-text-top" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M0,0V20.07519H2.44361V0ZM4.96241,0V20.07519H7.406V0ZM16.61654,15.11278V4.96241l8.1203,5.07518ZM12.594,2.63158H27.33083v14.812H12.594ZM9.92481,20.07519H30V0H9.92481Z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="gs-u-display-block gs-u-display-inline-block@m gel-1/1 gel-1/2@m metadata-links__link"><a class="sc-c-outline-navigation-button sc-o-link gel-brevier-bold gs-u-ph++@l gs-u-align-center gs-u-display-inline-block sc-c-outline-navigation-button__enabled" href="/programmes/w3ct369x" data-bbc-container="player-episode" data-bbc-content-label="programme-website" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb"}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369x" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="gs-u-ph+ gs-u-pv-alt@xs gs-u-pv+@m sc-c-outline-navigation-button-fix"><span class="gs-u-align-text-top">Programme Website</span><svg width="12px" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--external-link sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--default gs-u-ml gs-u-mt-- gs-u-align-text-top" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M17.02 0v2.6h10.12l-.52-1.13-16.6 16.58 1.92 1.88L28.57 3.39l-1.16-.49v10.15h2.61v-13zm3.91 15.94v11.51H2.67V9.29H13.8V6.66H.02v23.42h23.55V15.94z"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><section class="sc-c-playqueue play-u-slice-spacing" aria-labelledby="sc-id-coming-up-next"><header class="gel-wrap gs-u-box-size"><header class="sc-c-module-title gs-u-display-inline-block"><h2 id="sc-id-coming-up-next" class="sc-c-module-title__text gel-trafalgar-bold gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-align-top">Coming Up Next</h2></header></header><div class="gs-u-mt+"><div class="sc-c-carousel sc-o-island"><div class="gel-wrap"></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__inner"><div class="sc-o-scrollable gs-u-pb+"><ul class="sc-o-scrollable__list"><li class="sc-o-faux-wrap" style="width:0" aria-hidden="true"> </li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l" data-id="p0dfb1fr"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--is-playing"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369x" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::1","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369x" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0df9w1x.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0df9w1x.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0df9w1x.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0df9w1x.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0df9w1x.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0df9w1x.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0df9w1x.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="gel-layout gel-layout--center gel-layout--middle gel-layout--flush sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--center"><div class="gs-u-display-flex sc-c-overlay-equalizer"><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span><span class="sc-c-overlay-equalizer__bar sc-c-overlay-equalizer--pause"></span></div></div></div><p class="sc-c-basic__label gel-minion-bold gs-u-mt">now playing</p><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt-"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dgxzxb"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369y" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::2","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369y" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dgwx65.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dgwx65.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dgwx65.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dgwx65.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dgwx65.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dgwx65.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dgwx65.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Online harassment of Covid scientists</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Virologists studying Covid-19 have been subject to online threats</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0djlp18"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct369z" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::3","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct369z" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0djh4c8.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0djh4c8.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0djh4c8.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0djh4c8.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0djh4c8.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0djh4c8.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0djh4c8.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A distant planet’s atmosphere</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The chemical composition of planet WASP-39b's atmosphere, 700 light years away</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dlf8jy"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b0" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::4","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b0" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dl4k6y.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dl4k6y.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dl4k6y.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dl4k6y.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dl4k6y.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dl4k6y.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dl4k6y.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">COVID spreads in China</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">COVID spreads in China</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dmyfj1"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b1" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::5","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b1" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dmmm6c.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dmmm6c.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dmmm6c.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dmmm6c.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dmmm6c.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dmmm6c.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dmmm6c.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Ancient warmth in Greenland</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Climate change in the Arctic</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dpgjrg"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b2" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::6","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b2" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dp61yp.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dp61yp.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dp61yp.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dp61yp.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dp61yp.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dp61yp.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dp61yp.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fusion milestone</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dr1jtm"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b3" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::7","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b3" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dqy6t2.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dqy6t2.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dqy6t2.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dqy6t2.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dqy6t2.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dqy6t2.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dqy6t2.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Mosquito pesticide failing</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Mosquito pesticide failing</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0ds6smh"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b4" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::8","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b4" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0ds24ff.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0ds24ff.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0ds24ff.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0ds24ff.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0ds24ff.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0ds24ff.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0ds24ff.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The James Webb Space Telescope: The first six months</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">What have scientists learned since Nasa launched its revolutionary telescope?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dss7jp"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b5" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::9","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b5" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dt3c7j.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dt3c7j.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dt3c7j.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dt3c7j.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dt3c7j.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dt3c7j.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dt3c7j.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">One year on from the Tonga eruption</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">We take a look at everything we’ve learnt since the Tonga volcano erupted a year ago.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dw056l"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b6" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::10","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b6" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dvxlss.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dvxlss.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dvxlss.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dvxlss.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dvxlss.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dvxlss.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dvxlss.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dvxlss.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dvxlss.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dvxlss.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dvxlss.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Atmospheric rivers</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The phenomenon driving California’s extreme weather</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dxk3tk"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b7" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::11","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b7" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dz2m7q.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dz2m7q.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dz2m7q.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dz2m7q.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dz2m7q.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dz2m7q.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dz2m7q.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dz2m7q.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dz2m7q.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dz2m7q.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dz2m7q.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Climate science activism</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">What happens when climate scientists take to the streets?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0dz4gx0"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b8" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::12","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b8" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dz1mcy.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dz1mcy.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dz1mcy.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dz1mcy.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dz1mcy.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0dz1mcy.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0dz1mcy.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0dz1mcy.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0dz1mcy.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0dz1mcy.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0dz1mcy.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Bird flu (H5N1) outbreak in mink</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">A review of the first mammal to mammal transmission of avian flu, observed in Spain</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0f0pt8t"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36b9" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::13","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36b9" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f0y13s.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f0y13s.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f0y13s.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f0y13s.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f0y13s.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f0y13s.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f0y13s.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f0y13s.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f0y13s.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f0y13s.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0f0y13s.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Science on ice</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The different forms of frozen water from ice made in labs to Jupiter’s icy moons</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0f25z93"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36bb" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::14","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36bb" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f25tv7.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f25tv7.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f25tv7.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f25tv7.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f25tv7.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f25tv7.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f25tv7.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f25tv7.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f25tv7.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f25tv7.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0f25tv7.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Turkey-Syria earthquake</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Turkey’s most powerful earthquake on record</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0f3mv6c"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36bc" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::15","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36bc" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f3mn4f.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f3mn4f.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f3mn4f.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f3mn4f.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f3mn4f.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f3mn4f.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f3mn4f.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f3mn4f.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f3mn4f.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f3mn4f.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0f3mn4f.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">CRISPR & bioethics</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">He Jiankui refuses to talk about his controversial genome editing of twin babies in 2018</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0f50jtw"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36bd" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::16","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36bd" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f50j64.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f50j64.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f50j64.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f50j64.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f50j64.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f50j64.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f50j64.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f50j64.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f50j64.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f50j64.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0f50j64.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Cyclone Freddy batters Madagascar</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Cyclone Freddy batters Madagascar and threatens Mozambique and South Africa.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0f6f3zt"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36bf" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::17","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36bf" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f6ddh4.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f6ddh4.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f6ddh4.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f6ddh4.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f6ddh4.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f6ddh4.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f6ddh4.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f6ddh4.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f6ddh4.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f6ddh4.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0f6ddh4.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Drought worsens in East Africa</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Why the long rains in East Africa are forecast to fail again.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0f7tkxg"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36bg" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::18","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36bg" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fy3qjp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fy3qjp.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fy3qjp.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fy3qjp.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fy3qjp.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fy3qjp.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fy3qjp.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fy3qjp.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fy3qjp.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fy3qjp.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fy3qjp.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Human Genome Editing - Promise and Peril</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Human Genome Editing: curing genetic disease and ensuring it's safe and available to all.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 34 mins">34 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0f985fb"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36bh" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::19","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36bh" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f96kmg.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f96kmg.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f96kmg.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f96kmg.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f96kmg.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0f96kmg.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0f96kmg.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0f96kmg.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0f96kmg.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0f96kmg.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0f96kmg.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Return of Cyclone Freddy</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Record-breaking Cyclone Freddy devastates Mozambique for the second time in one month.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fbrbzd"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct36bj" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::20","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct36bj" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fb8ptt.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fb8ptt.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fb8ptt.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fb8ptt.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fb8ptt.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fb8ptt.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fb8ptt.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fb8ptt.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fb8ptt.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fb8ptt.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fb8ptt.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Animals at the Wuhan Market</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">What does animal DNA from the Wuhan Market reveal about the start of the pandemic?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fcz1yl"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc1" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::21","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc1" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fd3kk2.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fd3kk2.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fd3kk2.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fd3kk2.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fd3kk2.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fd3kk2.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fd3kk2.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fd3kk2.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fd3kk2.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fd3kk2.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fd3kk2.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Gene editing breakthrough</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">New technique to correct gene errors in sick patients</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 33 mins">33 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0ffbhvt"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc2" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::22","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc2" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0ffbnsq.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0ffbnsq.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0ffbnsq.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0ffbnsq.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0ffbnsq.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0ffbnsq.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0ffbnsq.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0ffbnsq.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0ffbnsq.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0ffbnsq.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0ffbnsq.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Chasing tornados in the American mid-West</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Chasing tornados in the American mid-West – the science behind the current outbreaks.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fgksx6"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc3" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::23","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc3" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fgkdgg.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fgkdgg.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fgkdgg.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fgkdgg.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fgkdgg.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fgkdgg.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fgkdgg.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fgkdgg.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fgkdgg.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fgkdgg.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fgkdgg.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Bird flu: The global threat</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">H5N1 avian flu is racing across the world. What can be done to control it?</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 31 mins">31 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fhvzjd"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc4" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::24","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc4" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fhtb1n.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fhtb1n.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fhtb1n.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fhtb1n.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fhtb1n.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fhtb1n.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fhtb1n.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fhtb1n.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fhtb1n.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fhtb1n.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fhtb1n.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Africa moves towards creating and manufacturing its own vaccines</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Africa moves towards creating and manufacturing its own vaccines</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fk6zq6"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc5" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::25","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc5" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fk5kmy.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fk5kmy.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fk5kmy.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fk5kmy.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fk5kmy.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fk5kmy.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fk5kmy.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fk5kmy.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fk5kmy.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fk5kmy.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fk5kmy.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The truth about the Sudan biolab</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Khartoum’s National Public Health Laboratory is caught up in the Sudanese conflict.</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 32 mins">32 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0flhwyv"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc6" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::26","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc6" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fldsjw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fldsjw.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fldsjw.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fldsjw.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fldsjw.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fldsjw.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fldsjw.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fldsjw.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fldsjw.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fldsjw.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fldsjw.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Darwin dumped from Indian classrooms</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The exclusion of Darwinism from the curriculum prompts protests in India</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 30 mins">30 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fmszdd"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc7" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::27","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc7" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fmp2bf.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fmp2bf.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fmp2bf.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fmp2bf.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fmp2bf.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fmp2bf.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fmp2bf.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fmp2bf.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fmp2bf.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fmp2bf.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fmp2bf.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Human genome goes global</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The Pangenome project captures human diversity with 47 new genomes</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fp4qn6"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc8" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::28","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc8" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fp0n2l.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fp0n2l.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fp0n2l.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fp0n2l.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fp0n2l.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fp0n2l.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fp0n2l.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fp0n2l.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fp0n2l.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fp0n2l.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fp0n2l.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Return of the Wildfires</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The record-breaking heat behind the destructive North American wildfires</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 29 mins">29 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0fqgbpg"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4sc9" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::29","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4sc9" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fqdthh.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fqdthh.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fqdthh.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fqdthh.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fqdthh.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fqdthh.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fqdthh.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fqdthh.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fqdthh.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fqdthh.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fqdthh.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Brightest supernova in a decade</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The brightest supernova in a decade springs astronomers around the world into action</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0frrncj"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4scb" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::30","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4scb" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0frnqsg.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0frnqsg.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0frnqsg.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0frnqsg.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0frnqsg.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0frnqsg.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0frnqsg.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0frnqsg.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0frnqsg.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0frnqsg.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0frnqsg.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Vaccinating condors against bird flu</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">Endangered condors are being vaccinated to save them from deadly H5N1 bird flu</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 27 mins">27 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="gs-u-align-top sc-c-carousel-item gel-9/24 gel-1/4@s gel-1/5@m gel-2/12@l gs-u-ml gs-u-ml+@s" data-id="p0ft28tr"><div class="sc-c-basic gel-1/1 gs-u-display-flex gs-u-align-left sc-u-flex-column sc-c-basic--hover-enabled"><a class="sc-c-basic__link gs-u-display-block sc-u-flex-grow sc-o-link play-c-exit-modal-bypass" href="/sounds/play/w3ct4scc" data-bbc-container="play_queue" data-bbc-content-label="content" data-bbc-event-type="select" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"responsive::sounds","BID":"p002vsnb","POS":"3::31","PLQ":1}" data-bbc-result="w3ct4scc" data-bbc-source="bbc_world_service" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="sc-o-island"><div class="sc-c-rsimage sc-o-responsive-image sc-o-responsive-image--1by1 "><picture><source type="image/webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fsyhs5.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fsyhs5.jpg.webp 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fsyhs5.jpg.webp 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fsyhs5.jpg.webp 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fsyhs5.jpg.webp 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><source type="image/jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x160/p0fsyhs5.jpg 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/192x192/p0fsyhs5.jpg 192w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/224x224/p0fsyhs5.jpg 224w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/288x288/p0fsyhs5.jpg 288w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/576x576/p0fsyhs5.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 34vw,(max-width: 600px) 25vw,17vw"/><img alt="" class="sc-o-responsive-image__img " src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x320/p0fsyhs5.jpg"/></picture><div class="sc-o-responsive-image__overlay "><svg width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-c-icon--play sc-c-icon sc-c-icon--overlay sc-o-responsive-image__svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="sc-c-basic__meta gel-1/1 gs-u-mt"><div class="sc-c-metadata sc-c-metadata--has-synopsis"><span class="sc-c-metadata__primary gel-pica-bold sc-o-link__text">Science In Action</span><p class="sc-c-metadata__secondary gel-long-primer gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">The beginnings of us</p><p class="sc-c-metadata__synopsis gs-u-hidden gel-brevier gs-u-mt- gs-u-mb">New molecular fossil records shed evidence on the billion-year-old roots of modern life</p><ul class="gs-o-list-inline gs-o-list-inline--divided"><li class="sc-c-metadata__duration gs-u-mt- gel-brevier" aria-label="duration: 28 mins">28 mins</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li class="sc-o-faux-wrap-end" style="width:0" aria-hidden="true"> </li></ul></div></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__blind sc-c-carousel__blind--left sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tl"></div><div class="sc-c-carousel__blind sc-c-carousel__blind--right sc-o-island__point sc-o-island__point--tr"></div></div></div></section><div class="sc-c-navigation-footer gs-u-box-size gs-u-pv gs-u-pv+@m gel-wrap play-u-nav-footer-spacing"><ul class="sc-c-navigation-footer__languages sc-o-piped gel-1/1@xs gel-1/3@l gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-align-top"><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="cy"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/cy"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="ga"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/ga"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mb-" lang="gd"><a class="sc-o-link sc-o-link--secondary gel-brevier-bold" data-bypassmodal="true" href="/sounds/language/gd"><span class="sc-o-link__text">Gàidhlig</span></a></li></ul><ul class="sc-c-navigation-footer__links sc-o-piped gel-1/1@xs gel-2/3@l gs-u-display-inline-block gs-u-mt+ gs-u-mt0@l gs-u-align-top"><li class="gs-u-display-inline-block 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{"modules":{"data":[{"controls":null,"id":"aod_play_area","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Player","description":null,"image_url":null,"data":[{"id":"p0dfb1fr","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369x","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","label":"10 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients"},"synopses":{"short":"Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified","medium":"Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified. Also, discovery of a black hole and how of buildings can help reduce climate change.","long":"Researchers have identified which neurons, when electrically stimulated, can restore the ability to walk in paralysed patients. Professor Jocelyne Bloch, Associate Professor at the Université de Lausanne, tells Roland how the technology works.\n\nAstronomers have discovered the closest black hole to Earth. Researchers led by Kareem El-Badry, astrophysicist at Harvard University, identified the celestial body when they spotted a Sun-like star orbiting a dark, dense object.\n\nThe origins of eels have been mystifying scientists for centuries. Though the Sargasso Sea has been their presumed breeding place for 100 years, there has been no direct evidence of their migration – until now. Ros Wright, Senior Fisheries Technical Specialist at the Environment Agency, shares how researchers finally pinned down these slippery creatures.\n\nThis week, a new report from the UN Environment Programme reveals that carbon dioxide emissions from building operations have reached an all-time high. Insaf Ben Othmane, architect and co-author of the report, talks through the risks and opportunities this poses for Africa and why there is still hope for the future.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Photo: Patient with complete spinal cord injury (left) and incomplete spinal cord injury (right) walking in Lausanne. Credit: Jimmy Ravier/NeuroRestore)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0df9w1x.jpg","duration":{"value":1837,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-10T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null}],"state":"ok","style":null,"uris":null,"total":1},{"id":"aod_tracks","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Tracklist","state":"ok","data":[]},{"controls":null,"id":"play_queue","type":"inline_display_module","title":"Coming Up Next","description":null,"image_url":null,"data":[{"id":"p0dfb1fr","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369x","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","label":"10 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Neurons that restore walking in paralysed patients"},"synopses":{"short":"Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified","medium":"Neurons that restore walking in patients with spinal cord injuries have been identified. 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Ros Wright, Senior Fisheries Technical Specialist at the Environment Agency, shares how researchers finally pinned down these slippery creatures.\n\nThis week, a new report from the UN Environment Programme reveals that carbon dioxide emissions from building operations have reached an all-time high. Insaf Ben Othmane, architect and co-author of the report, talks through the risks and opportunities this poses for Africa and why there is still hope for the future.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Photo: Patient with complete spinal cord injury (left) and incomplete spinal cord injury (right) walking in Lausanne. Credit: Jimmy Ravier/NeuroRestore)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0df9w1x.jpg","duration":{"value":1837,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-10T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dgxzxb","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369y","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","label":"17 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Online harassment of Covid scientists","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Online harassment of Covid scientists"},"synopses":{"short":"Virologists studying Covid-19 have been subject to online threats","medium":"Virologists studying Covid-19 have been subject to online threats. Also, we discuss Covid ’s origins, anti-Chinese sentiment since the pandemic, and hear from the RRS Discovery.","long":"Since the Covid-19 pandemic began, scientists studying the virus have become targets of online harassment, and more recently, death threats. Roland speaks to Dr Angela Rasmussen, virologist at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization at the University of Saskatchewan, about her experiences.\n\nSpyros Lytras, PhD candidate at the University of Glasgow, talks Roland through the evolutionary history of the virus that causes Covid-19 and how there isn’t just one ancestor, but several. \n\nAnti-Asian sentiment has seen a big increase since the pandemic. Dr Qian He, Postdoctoral Research Associate at Princeton University, looked into how US-China relations have influenced how Americans view Chinese today.\n\nAnd we hear from scientists on board the RRS Discovery, which is currently located near St Helena and Ascension Island, surveying the health of the surrounding ocean. On board, documentary film-maker Lawrence Eagling, talks to Shona Murray, pelagic ecologist from the University of Western Australia, and Gareth Flint, mechanical engineer at British Antarctic Survey, about their work and findings.\n\n(Photo: A scientist stands behind testing kits and checks his phone. Credit: Getty Images)\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dgwx65.jpg","duration":{"value":1636,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-17T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0djlp18","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct369z","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","label":"24 Nov 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"A distant planet’s atmosphere","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"A distant planet’s atmosphere"},"synopses":{"short":"The chemical composition of planet WASP-39b's atmosphere, 700 light years away","medium":"The chemical composition of planet WASP-39b's atmosphere, 700 light years away. Pregnancy brain fog explained. Earth's atmospheric haze and global warming. Improving lab coats.","long":"Nasa's JWST space telescope has unpicked the chemical contents and state of the atmosphere of planet WASP-39b 700 light years away. Astronomer Hannah Wakeford explains. \n\nMeteorologist Laura Wilcox warns that atmospheric haze over China and South Asia is masking some of the effects of global warming.\n\nLoss of memory and other mental changes during pregnancy have been traced to structural changes in the brain, possibly due to hormone effects. Neuroscientist Elseline Hoekszema speculates.\n\nImproving lab coats - every scientist has a lab coat, but how many have one actually fits? Founder of Genius Lab Gear Derek Miller explains the problem and how he's trying to fix it.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Photo: View of Earth from space. Credit: Melissa Weiss/Center for Astrophysics/Harvard and Smithsonian)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0djh4c8.jpg","duration":{"value":1684,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-11-24T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dlf8jy","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b0","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","label":"01 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"COVID spreads in China","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"COVID spreads in China"},"synopses":{"short":"COVID spreads in China","medium":"A year after the COVID omicron variant started to sweep the world, it is taking hold in China. Roland examines how bad the spread could be, and the risks for the rest of the world","long":"Hong Kong health expert Professor Malik Peiris relates the lessons from the devastation there earlier this year.\nUK virologist Dr Tom Peacock reveals the unusual origins and evolution of omicron, and explains the risks of dangerous new variants.\nNew studies from China are revealing further SARS-like viruses in the wild; Professor Eddie Holmes says they underline the risk of further pandemics.\n\n(Photo: Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dl4k6y.jpg","duration":{"value":2098,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-02T15:03:42Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dmyfj1","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b1","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","label":"08 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Ancient warmth in Greenland","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Ancient warmth in Greenland"},"synopses":{"short":"Climate change in the Arctic","medium":"Two-million-year-old molecular fossils reveal the Arctic’s future under global warming\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston","long":"Two-million-year-old molecular fossils reveal flourishing woodlands and widespread animals in Greenland's pre-Ice-Age past, and give hints to the Arctic’s future under global warming. We hear from a molecular palaeontologist and a climate modeller.\n\nDNA also reveals the enduring genetic influence of our extinct Denisovan cousins on disease immunity in modern island South East Asians.\n\nAnd the art and science of 3D-printing violins\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Image: Landscape illustration with three elephants. Credit: Beth Zaiken/bethzaiken.com)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dmmm6c.jpg","duration":{"value":1871,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-08T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dpgjrg","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b2","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","label":"15 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Fusion milestone","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Fusion milestone"},"synopses":{"short":"Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines","medium":"Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines; Whirlwinds on Mars; 75 years of the transistor electronics revolution - where next for Moore's Law?","long":"Fusion milestone - the science behind the headlines. \nLaser fusion expert Kate Lancaster walks us through the technology that produced energy gain at the US's National Ignition Facility NIF\n\nWhirlwinds on Mars\nWhat the sounds of a dust devil passing over NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover tells us about the Martian atmosphere\n\n75 years of the transistor electronics revolution - where next for Moore's Law?\nDecember 16th 1947 was the day the first ever transistor device passed an electrical current. Trillions are made every day these days, powering our interconnected world. Roland recalls meeting some of the pioneers for the 50th anniversary, including Gordon Moore, and hears from Berkeley Dean of engineering Tsu-Jae King Liu how the revolution will continue for another 25 years."},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dp61yp.jpg","duration":{"value":1993,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-15T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dr1jtm","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b3","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","label":"22 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Mosquito pesticide failing","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Mosquito pesticide failing"},"synopses":{"short":"Mosquito pesticide failing","medium":"Mosquito pesticide failing; Dangerous bird flu evolving fast; Drilling for ancient ice in the Antarctic; Martian rock store opens","long":"Mosquito pesticide failing - prevention of dengue fever and other diseases at risk.\nDangerous bird flu evolving fast - researchers are learning why bird flu is persisting and spreading fast round the world, and assess the threat to humans.\nDrilling for ancient ice in the Antarctic - Roland talks to one of the team drilling kilometres into an ancient, frozen record of past climate,\nMartian rock store opens - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover is stashing rock samples future missions could bring back to Earth.\n\n\nImage credit: Shinji Kasai\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dqy6t2.jpg","duration":{"value":1669,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-22T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0ds6smh","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b4","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","label":"29 Dec 2022"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The James Webb Space Telescope: The first six months","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The James Webb Space Telescope: The first six months"},"synopses":{"short":"What have scientists learned since Nasa launched its revolutionary telescope?","medium":"Nasa's James Webb Space Telescope has produced amazing images, and amazing science, in its first five months.","long":"Nasa's James Webb Space Telescope has produced amazing images, and amazing science, in its first five months. Roland Pease hears from one of the leading astronomers on the JWST programme, Dr Heidi Hammel, as well as other experts on what they are already learning about the first galaxies in the Universe, the birthplaces of stars, the strange behaviour of some other stars, and the first view of Neptune's rings in over 30 years.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston \n\nImage: An image from the James Webb Space Telescope (Credit: Nasa via PA)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0ds24ff.jpg","duration":{"value":1976,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2022-12-30T13:31:27Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dss7jp","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b5","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","label":"05 Jan 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"One year on from the Tonga eruption","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"One year on from the Tonga eruption"},"synopses":{"short":"We take a look at everything we’ve learnt since the Tonga volcano erupted a year ago.","medium":"We go over the scientific discoveries made since the explosive eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in January 2022.","long":"We’re taking a look back at the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, which literally sent shockwaves around the world. One year on, and we’re still uncovering what made the volcano so powerful, as well as unpacking its long lasting impacts.\n\nRoland is joined by Professor Shane Cronin from the University of Auckland and Dr Marta Ribó from the Auckland University of Technology to share their findings from their latest trip to survey the volcano.\n\nThe impacts of the eruption weren’t just felt on Earth – they also reached all the way to space. Physicist Claire Gasque from the University of California, Berkeley, has been analysing how the eruption affected space weather.\n\nAmongst all the material ejected by Hunga Tonga was a huge amount of water. The massive water vapour cloud is still present in our atmosphere, as Professor Simon Carn from the Michigan Technological University tells us.\n\nThe volcano also triggered tsunamis worldwide. Disaster sociologist Dr Sara McBride from the US Geological Survey has been using video footage of the event to analyse how people responded and how we can better prepare for future eruptions.\n\nImage Credit: Tonga Geological Services\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dt3c7j.jpg","duration":{"value":1735,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-01-05T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dw056l","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b6","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","label":"12 Jan 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Atmospheric rivers","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Atmospheric rivers"},"synopses":{"short":"The phenomenon driving California’s extreme weather","medium":"The phenomenon driving California’s extreme weather","long":"Flood warnings in parts of California have seen some of the state’s best known celebrities flee their homes. The current weather conditions are in part the result of ‘Atmospheric rivers’ – literally fast flowing rivers of water vapor in the atmosphere. Marty Ralph from the Scripps Institute has been studying this phenomenon for years, he explains what atmospheric rivers are, and tells us how a greater understanding of the phenomenon is now informing weather forecasting and evacuation plans.\n\nOver the past year several million people have fled Ukraine, amongst them many scientists. Nataliya Shulga from the Ukraine Science Club is working on a wide ranging initiative to attract them back. She tells us of plans not just to reconstruct Ukrainian science facilities after the war, but to offer a philosophical change which breaks with the Soviet past - a more global, collaborative environment for scientists returning to the Ukraine. \n\nLast December the Afghan Taliban banned women from attending university, its just one of the many moves denying education to women since the Taliban returned to power. Particle physicist Kate Shaw had been working with Afghan physicists in the years before the Taliban’s comeback, she is now developing an initiative with scientists and institutions around the world to offer places to Afghan women keen to study physics. She says institutions and individuals who may be able to help should contact Physics without Frontiers at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. \n\nAnd Gibbons sing with synchronicity, a new study led by Teresa Raimondi, from the University of Turin shows the ability of couples to chorus together to be rather human like.\n\nImage Credit: Josh Edelson\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Julian Siddle"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dvxlss.jpg","duration":{"value":2077,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-01-12T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dxk3tk","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b7","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","label":"19 Jan 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Climate science activism","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Climate science activism"},"synopses":{"short":"What happens when climate scientists take to the streets?","medium":"When climate scientists fear their research isn’t being acted upon, some individuals take matters into their own hands. But are there repercussions for climate activists?","long":"Climate researcher, Rose Abramoff took to the stage at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) fall meetings, not as a guest speaker but in protest. Whilst her demonstration only lasted 15 seconds, she found her employment terminated from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and research stripped from the AGU programme. She was attempting to persuade other climate scientists to ‘get out of the lab and into the street’. Whilst Rose’s protest hit the headlines in the media, potentially less attention was paid to the session that was taking place at the conference, hosted by Mika Tosca, climate scientist-turn-artist, Associate Professor of Liberal Arts at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Roland brings the two together to discuss the event and how climate scientists should approach activism. \n\nAlthough there is no one solution to the climate crisis, Roland loves a brainstorm on Science in Action. Climate activist Stuart Capstick, a Cardiff University psychologist specialising in public attitudes to environmental issues and environmental scientist Robert Young from Western Carolina University take the conversation one step further. Questioning how public perceptions of scientists change when they take evasive action and protest.\n\nAnd finally, we usually hear of seismology reports coming from dense, urban areas prone to earthquakes, delicately perched atop of tectonic plates. But this week, Roland speaks to Professor of Geophysics Zhongwen Zhan from the California Institute of Technology, who’s collecting data from a very unusual place... \n\nImage credit: SOPA Images\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harrison Lewis"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dz2m7q.jpg","duration":{"value":1764,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-01-19T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0dz4gx0","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b8","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","label":"26 Jan 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Bird flu (H5N1) outbreak in mink","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Bird flu (H5N1) outbreak in mink"},"synopses":{"short":"A review of the first mammal to mammal transmission of avian flu, observed in Spain","medium":"Does this mammalian outbreak of bird flu pose a risk to humans? How India’s caste system is stifling fair representation in academia, liquid robots, and snotty echidnas.","long":"An outbreak of pathogenic bird flu, H5N1, in a Spanish mink farm could be a cause for concern. Some experts fear the virus may now spill over to other mammals without strict surveillance. Marion Koopmans, professor of virology at Erasmus Medical Centre, talks Roland through the potential risks. \n \nIndia’s caste system affects all aspects of society, but how does the hierarchy influence representation of marginalised groups in academia? Science journalist Ankur Paliwal believes that, despite efforts to combat discrimination, not enough is being done, and he has the data to prove it. \n \nImagine a robot... Is it hard, metallic and humanoid? Professor Carmel Majidi from Carnegie Mellon University and his colleagues are thinking outside the robotics box. Their new material, magnetic in nature, can shift between solid and liquid states. It’s even capable of breaking out of robotic jail... \n \nAnd how do echidnas – spiny, long-nosed, egg-laying mammals – manage to stay cool during the hot Australian summers? \n \nImage credit: Ole Jensen/Getty \n \nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Harrison Lewis \nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0dz1mcy.jpg","duration":{"value":1681,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-01-26T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0f0pt8t","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36b9","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","label":"02 Feb 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Science on ice","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Science on ice"},"synopses":{"short":"The different forms of frozen water from ice made in labs to Jupiter’s icy moons","medium":"Roland Pease explores different forms of frozen water, from new material produced in the University College London labs to the coldest ice observed in the universe.","long":"Pull on an extra layer and stay toasty whilst Science in Action braces for a deep freeze. Whilst we know plenty about the ice on the Earth’s poles, Roland is on a chilling journey to see what can be found in deep space. \n \nProfessor Christoph Salzmann and Professor Andrea Sella at University College London have produced a new phase of ice. Roland heads to the laboratory to see how the usual crystalline ice, found in ice cubes and icebergs, can be broken down and arranged into a new structure. \n \nThe James Webb Space Telescope has detected the coldest ices to date, deep within a molecular cloud in outer space. Professor Melissa McClure describes how these clouds harbour a variety of different molecules potentially capable of forming the basic building blocks for life. \n \nFrom the edges of the universe to something a little closer to home, Professor Geoff Collins and colleagues have discovered odd tectonic plate activity on icy Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons. \n \nAnd a theory for the origin of life that may surprise you. Professor Philipp Holliger is trying to uncover whether ice played a role in our creation, acting as a medium capable of concentrating molecules and promoting the chemical reactions required for the generation of RNA, essential for cell protein production. \n \nPresenter: Roland Pease \nProducer: Harrison Lewis \nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Photo: Chunk of ice. Credit: Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0f0y13s.jpg","duration":{"value":2005,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-02-02T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0f25z93","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36bb","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","label":"09 Feb 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Turkey-Syria earthquake","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Turkey-Syria earthquake"},"synopses":{"short":"Turkey’s most powerful earthquake on record","medium":"Research in 2016 predicted an earthquake of this magnitude, but the region seems to have been caught off-guard.","long":"In the early hours of Monday, a powerful earthquake hit Kahramanmaras in Turkey. Nine hours later another struck. When this edition of Science in Action first aired, 19,000 people were reported to have died, but that number was expected to rise. \n\nBack in 2016, Professor Asli Garagon and her colleagues accurately predicted that an earthquake of this size was coming. Using GPS, they were monitoring the East Anatolian fault to calculate energy building between the plates. With such accurate insight could Turkey have been better prepared?\n\nRoss Stein, seismologist and founder of Temblor, a Californian consultancy that specialises in assessing hazard risk, estimates the plates moved at 5,000 mph. The movement of the plates may have built up pressure in other parts of the country. \n\nAnd finally, Tiziana Rossetto, a civil engineer at University College London, knows better than most that earthquakes do not kill, buildings do. She tells Roland how the combination of earthquakes and subsequent aftershocks appear to have even destroyed buildings that were purposely built to withstand them. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harrison Lewis\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston \n\nImage: Aftermath of the deadly earthquake in Gaziantep\nCredit: REUTERS/Dilara Senkaya"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0f25tv7.jpg","duration":{"value":1935,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-02-09T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0f3mv6c","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36bc","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","label":"16 Feb 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"CRISPR & bioethics","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"CRISPR & bioethics"},"synopses":{"short":"He Jiankui refuses to talk about his controversial genome editing of twin babies in 2018","medium":"He Jiankui refuses to talk about his controversial genome editing of babies in 2018. Ancient stone tools are unearthed in Kenya and we tune into the mysterious sounds of the ocean","long":"In the decade since the genome editing capabilities of CRISPR-Cas9 emerged, research into novel medicines has boomed – but alongside progress comes new ethical considerations. Controversy erupted in 2018, when Chinese scientist He Jiankui created the first babies with edited genomes. After leaving prison last year, he’s now back in the lab trying to raise support for new research but refuses to discuss the ethical implications of his work. Dr Joy Zhang recently arranged a bioethics seminar and invited He Jiankui, it was the first time he’d agreed to engage with a global cohort of CRISPR scientists since returning to his research.\n\nGoing back in time from cutting-edge to ancient technology, some of the oldest stone tools ever used by human ancestors have been unearthed at a fossil site in Kenya. Professor Tom Plummer talks us through the findings and how important the tools were in our evolution.\n\nAnd we immerse ourselves in the mysterious sounds of the Arctic and Antarctic, from singing ice to the man-made noises of oil and gas drilling. These dramatic soundscapes, created for the Polar Soundscapes project, showcase just how busy our oceans are. Dr Geraint Rhys Whittaker, composer and project lead, believes a novel approach may be required to prompt climate action.\n\nImage Credit: Anthony Wallace\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Harrison Lewis\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0f3mn4f.jpg","duration":{"value":1897,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-02-16T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0f50jtw","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36bd","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","label":"23 Feb 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Cyclone Freddy batters Madagascar","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Cyclone Freddy batters Madagascar"},"synopses":{"short":"Cyclone Freddy batters Madagascar and threatens Mozambique and South Africa.","medium":"Cyclone Freddy batters Madagascar and threatens Mozambique and South Africa. We have the science of the record-breaking storm system.","long":"Cyclone Freddy has made landfall on Madagascar, leaving destruction in its wake. At the time this edition of Science In Action is going to air, Freddy is on course to reach Mozambique and South Africa. Freddy, which has been gaining strength since it originally formed on the 30th of January, is the most powerful southern hemisphere cyclone on record. Professor Francois Engelbrecht provides the science behind the storm system.\n\nIn the centre of our galaxy, an enormous cloud is heading towards the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole. Dr Anna Ciurlo tells us that this is a unique opportunity to study the influence of the black hole on the cloud’s shape and properties.\n\nWe’ve heard a lot about balloons floating above Earth recently… but what about sending balloons to Venus? That’s exactly what Dr Siddharth Krishnamoorthy is proposing in order to study Venus’s seismic activity. Recorders on a “floatilla” above the planet’s surface could listen into Venus-quakes and reveal Venus’s mysterious past. \n\nAnd closer to home, scientists have discovered a new layer in the Earth’s core. We journey into the very centre of the Earth with Professor Hrvoje Tkalčić, who tells Roland what the innermost inner core can teach us about our planet’s past.\n\nImage: NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using VIIRS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE, GIBS/Worldview, and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS).\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0f50j64.jpg","duration":{"value":1928,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-02-23T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0f6f3zt","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36bf","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","label":"02 Mar 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Drought worsens in East Africa","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Drought worsens in East Africa"},"synopses":{"short":"Why the long rains in East Africa are forecast to fail again.","medium":"Why the long rains in East Africa are forecast to fail again, for the third year running. Also, why the area’s unusual geography makes the region more vulnerable to drought.","long":"The long rains of East Africa are forecast to fail again, for the third year running, precipitating a food crisis affecting millions. Science In Action explores the science of the drought, hears about new methods improving forecasts, and what is unusual about the region that makes it so vulnerable.\n\nWhen we think of helium, for many of us balloons and squeaky voices come to mind. But the noble gas is critical for many aspects of modern life – and we’re facing a global shortage. Dr Annie Cheng and her colleagues at the University of Oxford are attempting to solve this by creating a model that has the potential to locate previously untapped reservoirs.\n\nImage by Gerald Anderson/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0f6ddh4.jpg","duration":{"value":1963,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-03-02T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0f7tkxg","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36bg","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","label":"09 Mar 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Human Genome Editing - Promise and Peril","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Human Genome Editing - Promise and Peril"},"synopses":{"short":"Human Genome Editing: curing genetic disease and ensuring it's safe and available to all.","medium":"Human Genome Editing: curing genetic disease and ensuring it's safe and available to all.","long":"Human Genome Editing: The team meet experts at the Human Genome Editing Summit in London, seeking to cure genetic disease and ensure that it's safe and available to all.\nRoland Pease hears from Victoria Gray, the first person to be cured of the debilitating and life-shortening disease sickle cell anaemia by gene editing, and from the scientists making it possible.\nAlso, the prospect of work to attempt gene rescue in fetuses before they are born.\nBut the technology is expensive and complex – the question troubling the participants is to ensure people across the world can benefit from it, not just the rich and privileged.\nAnd what are the limitations of gene editing? Can it be made more effective, safer? And what of gene edits that will be inherited by future generations?"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fy3qjp.jpg","duration":{"value":2097,"label":"34 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-03-09T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0f985fb","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36bh","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","label":"16 Mar 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Return of Cyclone Freddy","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Return of Cyclone Freddy"},"synopses":{"short":"Record-breaking Cyclone Freddy devastates Mozambique for the second time in one month.","medium":"34 days after it first formed at the far end of the Indian Ocean, record-breaking Cyclone Freddy made a repeat landfall over Mozambique, bringing further destruction to the region","long":"34 days after it first formed at the far end of the Indian Ocean, record-breaking Cyclone Freddy made a repeat landfall on Mozambique as well as passing over Malawi, causing extensive damage and loss of life. Climate scientists Liz Stephens and Izidine Pinto join Roland to give an update on the destruction and explain how Cyclone Freddy kept going for an exceptionally long time.\n\nAt the Third International Human Genome Summit in London last week, Professor Katsuhiko Hayashi announced he had created baby mice from eggs formed by male mouse cells. Dr Nitzan Gonen explains the underlying science, whilst Professor Hank Greely discusses the ethics and future prospects.\n\nAnd from one rodent story to another, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in brown rats scurrying around New York sewers. Dr Thomas DeLiberto from the US Department of Agriculture gives Roland the details.\n\nImage credit: Jack McBrams/Getty Images\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0f96kmg.jpg","duration":{"value":1955,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-03-16T21:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fbrbzd","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct36bj","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","label":"23 Mar 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Animals at the Wuhan Market","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Animals at the Wuhan Market"},"synopses":{"short":"What does animal DNA from the Wuhan Market reveal about the start of the pandemic?","medium":"DNA has revealed potential animal COVID carriers at the Wuhan market but what does it tell us about the start of the pandemic? Also Europe's new space ambitions & Beethoven's DNA","long":"DNA has revealed potential animal COVID carriers at the Wuhan market, but what does that tell us about the start of the pandemic? Roland talks to two of the experts behind the new analysis: Dr Florence Débarre and Professor Eddie Holmes.\n\nAlso, we look into Europe’s grand new space ambitions. ESA director general Josef Aschbacher gives Roland the details of the space agency’s out-of-this-world plans.\n\nAnd Beethoven's last DNA: a hairy story of his family and genetic afflictions. Dr Tristan Begg shares how the composer’s tresses unlocked new information about his life and death.\n\nImage credit: Eddie Holmes\n\nProducer: Roland Pease \nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fb8ptt.jpg","duration":{"value":1880,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-03-24T12:41:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fcz1yl","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc1","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","label":"30 Mar 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Gene editing breakthrough","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Gene editing breakthrough"},"synopses":{"short":"New technique to correct gene errors in sick patients","medium":"New technique to correct gene errors in sick patients. Also, analysing last year's child hepatitis spike, distant exoplanets and their atmospheres and how to get mice sober.","long":"We look at a gene editing breakthrough, a new technique to correct genetic errors in sick patients. Roland speaks to Professor David Liu to learn about the base editing technology.\n\nAlso, we look into the complex causes of last year's post-pandemic spike in child hepatitis. Professor Judy Breuer and her colleagues may have found an explanation behind the unexpected outbreak.\n\nAnd the James Webb Space Telescope continues to seek out the secrets of our universe. Professor Beth Biller and Dr Elsa Ducrot have the details on the atmospheres of two very distant, and very different, exoplanets.\n\nPlus, how to get sober – for mice. Professor Steven Kliewer explains how certain mammals have evolved to deal with the intoxicating effects of ethanol. \n\nProducer: Roland Pease \nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Image: Genetic engineering 3D rendered conceptual image. Credit: Getty Images)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fd3kk2.jpg","duration":{"value":1994,"label":"33 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-03-30T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0ffbhvt","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc2","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","label":"06 Apr 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Chasing tornados in the American mid-West","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Chasing tornados in the American mid-West"},"synopses":{"short":"Chasing tornados in the American mid-West – the science behind the current outbreaks.","medium":"Chasing tornados in the American mid-West – scientists are trying to learn the maximum from the outbreaks in America. Also, eclipses, volcanos and climate – what’s the connection?","long":"Chasing tornados in the American mid-West – scientists are trying to learn the maximum from the tornado outbreaks currently in America. Professor Karen Kosiba calls us from a radar truck studying the storms, and Professor John Allen explains the energy powering them. \n \nFrom the weather of today to the skies of 800 years ago... Dr Sébastien Guillet reveals how lunar observations by medieval monks are helping untangle the connection between historic eruptions and climate. \n \nFinally, we go back even further in time to the Bronze Age with Professor Elisa Guerra-Doce – to find out what drugs our ancestors were into. \n\nImage credit: Getty Images / Michael B. Thomas\n \nProducer: Roland Pease  \nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0ffbnsq.jpg","duration":{"value":1821,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-04-06T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fgksx6","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc3","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","label":"13 Apr 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Bird flu: The global threat","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Bird flu: The global threat"},"synopses":{"short":"H5N1 avian flu is racing across the world. What can be done to control it?","medium":"H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian flu is racing across the world, and has infected multiple species of birds and mammals. What can be done to control it?","long":"H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian flu is racing across the world, and has infected multiple species, including wild and farmed birds, and mammals from cats to sea lions. What can be done to control it? Roland Pease talks to global experts about the dangers to animal and human health, and about the measures to bring the outbreak under control.\n\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant producer: Sophie Ormiston\n\n(Photo: A government worker examines chicks for signs of bird flu infection at a poultry farm in Darul Imarah in Indonesia's Aceh province. Credit: Chaideer Mahyuddin)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fgkdgg.jpg","duration":{"value":1905,"label":"31 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-04-13T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fhvzjd","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc4","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","label":"20 Apr 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Africa moves towards creating and manufacturing its own vaccines","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Africa moves towards creating and manufacturing its own vaccines"},"synopses":{"short":"Africa moves towards creating and manufacturing its own vaccines","medium":"The pandemic showed Africa at the back of the global queue when it came to vaccines. That should never happen again if plans being debated in Cape Town this week go ahead.","long":"The pandemic showed Africa at the back of the global queue when it came to vaccines. That should never happen again if plans being debated in Cape Town this week go ahead. Roland talks to Seanette Wilson of South Africa's Biovac.\n\nAlso in the programme: life finds a way on plastic floating in the ocean; Greenland rock dust as a global fertiliser; and designing proteins from scratch.\n\nImage Credit: Robert Bonet/NurPhoto via Getty Images\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fhtb1n.jpg","duration":{"value":1698,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-04-20T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fk6zq6","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc5","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","label":"27 Apr 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The truth about the Sudan biolab","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The truth about the Sudan biolab"},"synopses":{"short":"Khartoum’s National Public Health Laboratory is caught up in the Sudanese conflict.","medium":"Khartoum’s National Public Health Laboratory is caught up in the Sudanese conflict. Also – AI discovers thousands of new viruses and the anticipated return of El Niño.","long":"Khartoum’s National Public Health Laboratory has been caught up in the ongoing conflict in Sudan. Dr Maysoon Dahab and Dr Ayman Ahmed explain the situation and why health labs are often targeted in conflicts.\n\nVirus hunters have used artificial intelligence to discover more than 180,000 new viruses. Professor Eddie Holmes and Dr Mang Shi tell Roland how AI is completely transforming the field of viral discovery.\n\nExperts have forecasted a return to El Niño conditions later this year, which could bring with it extreme weather events. Dr Emily Becker explains how the predictions are made and the global impact of a strong El Niño.\n\nAnd from future to historical weather – Roland talks to Professor Ed Hawkins about the powerful Storm Ulysses of 1903, and how it can help us better understand storms today.\n\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Roland Pease\nAssistant Producer: Sophie Ormiston"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fk5kmy.jpg","duration":{"value":1932,"label":"32 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-04-27T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0flhwyv","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc6","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","label":"04 May 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Darwin dumped from Indian classrooms","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Darwin dumped from Indian classrooms"},"synopses":{"short":"The exclusion of Darwinism from the curriculum prompts protests in India","medium":"The exclusion of Darwinism from the curriculum prompts protests in India. Plus, a new Covid variant, XBBX.16, is being studied by epidemiologists.","long":"India is at the centre of much of the discussion on this week’s episode of Science In Action. \n\nWe hear about how a proposal to scrap Darwinian evolution from Indian secondary schools has led to signatures from thousands of scientists. Dr Vineeta Bal, Researcher at the National University of Immunology, is one of the signatories on a petition against the proposed changes. We spoke to her about why she is against them.\n\nAlso in India, a new Sars-Cov-2 variant, named XBBX.16 is being studied by epidemiologists in the country. Dr Rajesh Karyakarte, professor of microbiology at BJ Government Medical College, Pune, India, is behind the study. \n\nFurther study of the variant has been looked into by Kei Sato, professor of Systems Virology at the University of Tokyo. Kei has been mapping how new variants could cause us problems, ahead of them doing so. \n\nThis kind of forward planning is something praised by Paul Bienaisz, Professor of Virology at The Rockefeller university. We talk to him about how vital this kind of work still is, even if many of us have confined the about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to memory. \n\nLastly, we hear from Dr Usama Kadri, Senior Lecturer in Applied Mathematics at Cardiff University who has looked at how we might be able to use a novel bit of technology of underwater technology (called hydrophones), often used for animal conservation, to be able to detect earthquakes in the deep sea. \n\nPresenter/producer: Roland Pease\nProducer: Ella Hubber"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fldsjw.jpg","duration":{"value":1834,"label":"30 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-05-04T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fmszdd","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc7","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","label":"11 May 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Human genome goes global","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Human genome goes global"},"synopses":{"short":"The Pangenome project captures human diversity with 47 new genomes","medium":"The Pangenome project captures human diversity with 47 new genomes. Also, the Royal Society digitises its historical collections, and we listen to our planet from 30km up.","long":"In 2003, an incredible scientific milestone was achieved as the first human genome completed sequencing. For 20 years, this genome has been used as a reference by researchers for comparison to all other DNA sequences. Now, the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium is addressing the lack of genetic diversity starting with 47 new reference genomes. Members of the consortium, Dr Karen Miga, assistant professor, UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute and Dr Benedict Paten, associate professor, UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, join Roland to discuss the first stages of the project. \n \nFor the first time the public will have access to thousands of documents from the Royal Society’s historical collections following their digitisation. Science correspondent Vic Gill visits the vaults to see some of these pieces of history first hand. \n \nWe are also taking a trip 30km above the Earth, to the stratosphere, where Daniel Bowman, principal scientist from Sandia National Laboratories, is using solar powered balloons to listen to the mysterious sounds of our planet. \n \nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Ella Hubber\n\n(Image Illustration of the globe. Credit: Darryl Leja, NHGRI)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fmp2bf.jpg","duration":{"value":1662,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-05-11T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fp4qn6","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc8","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","label":"18 May 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Return of the Wildfires","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Return of the Wildfires"},"synopses":{"short":"The record-breaking heat behind the destructive North American wildfires","medium":"As devastating wildfires blaze across Western North America, we take a look at the record-breaking heat and weather patterns behind the flames.","long":"Over the past few weeks, wildfires have scorched over 1,800 square miles of land across North West America and are still going strong. Dr Mike Flannigan, professor at the Department of Renewable Resources at the University of Alberta, talks to Roland about the weather patterns and record-breaking heat causing the devastating flames. \n\nOn the other side of the world, in Zambia, Dr Edgar Simulundu has been finding out why some humans attract mosquitoes more than others, and how we can use this to tackle the malaria epidemic. \n\nAlso this week, Professor Novel Chegou, lead investigator at Stellenbosch University Immunology Research Group, has been awarded the 2022 Africa Prize for his innovative method for quickly diagnosing tuberculosis. And we visit the Royal Society for a very different reason. Roland checks in on the “Ukraine's Recovery: Rebuilding with Research” conference, and the discussion to use evidence based approaches for rebuilding after war. \n\n\nContributors:\n\nDr Mike Flannigan, Department of Renewable Resources at the University of Alberta\nProfessor Novel Chegou Novel Chegou, lead investigator at Stellenbosch University Immunology Research Group\nDr Edgar Simulundu, Senior Lecturer at the University of Zambia \nUliana Avtonomova, Secretary General, Fund of the President of Ukraine for Education, Science, and Sports\nOlena Sotnyk, lawyer and former member of the Ukrainian parliament\nDr Vesna Najdanovic, Energy and Bioproduct Research Institute \n\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Ella Hubber"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fp0n2l.jpg","duration":{"value":1782,"label":"29 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-05-18T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0fqgbpg","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4sc9","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","label":"25 May 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Brightest supernova in a decade","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Brightest supernova in a decade"},"synopses":{"short":"The brightest supernova in a decade springs astronomers around the world into action","medium":"The brightest supernova in a decade springs astronomers around the world into action and a new study highlights how global warming threatens to push populations beyond the limits.","long":"A star in the nearby Pinwheel Galaxy has exploded spectacularly into a supernova, dubbed SN 2023ixf. It is the brightest in a decade and it has got astronomers around the world into a frenzy. Science in Action hears from both amateur and professional astronomers alike as they scramble to collect exciting new images and data. \n\nBack on the ground, we hear from the Professor of Climate Change and Earth System Science at the University of Exeter, Tim Lenton about his new paper highlighting how rising global temperatures could push human populations from their homes.\n\nContributors: \nDan Milisavljevic, Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University.\nDr Jane Clark, Trustee of the Cardiff Astronomical Society \nBronco Oostermeyer, amateur astronomer\nRaffaella Margutti, Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley\nErez Zimmerman, Astrophysics PhD student, Weizmann institute of science\nProfessor Avishay Gal-Yam, Head of Experimental Astrophisics Group, Weizmann institute of science\nProfessor Tim Lenton, Director of the Global Systems Institute and Chair in Climate Change and Earth System Science at the University of Exeter\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Ella Hubber\n\n(Image: Supernova SN 2023ixf. Credit: Dr Jane Clark and The Cardiff Astronomical Society)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fqdthh.jpg","duration":{"value":1663,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-05-25T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0frrncj","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4scb","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","label":"01 Jun 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"Vaccinating condors against bird flu","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"Vaccinating condors against bird flu"},"synopses":{"short":"Endangered condors are being vaccinated to save them from deadly H5N1 bird flu","medium":"Critically endangered condors are at risk from deadly H5N1 bird flu. Can vaccines save them?","long":"The California Condor has been brought back from the brink of extinction by dedicated conservation efforts over the past 30 years. Now, this critically endangered species is the latest victim of the H5N1 bird flu which is racing round the world. California Condor co-ordinator Ashleigh Blackford and wildlife veterinarian Dr Samantha Gibbs from the US Fish and Wildlife Service discuss their last-ditch efforts to vaccinate the birds against H5N1.\n\nHuge 40,000 km plumes of water ice have been imaged erupting from Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Dr Sara Faggi, a postdoctoral Researcher in the Solar System Division at Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center, dives into this incredible new observation from the James Webb Space Telescope. \n\nDr Pierre Galand from France’s Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls has been part of a two-and-a-half-year expedition to sample the microorganisms in coral reefs across the world. His new research shows that this tiny life is much more diverse than previously understood and may be essential to life of the coral reefs. And, much deeper in the Ocean, researchers estimate that there are over 5000 unnamed species in the world’s largest mineral exploration region, the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Muriel Rabone, data and sample co-ordinator, and Dr Adrian Glover, merit researcher, both from the Natural History Museum in London, talk to Roland about this region of stunning biodiversity and the hope to protect it.\n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Ella Hubber\nEditor: Richard Collings\n\n(Photo: An adult and juvenile California condor. Credit: Loi Nguyen)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0frnqsg.jpg","duration":{"value":1646,"label":"27 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-06-01T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","long":null},"activities":[]},"uris":[{"type":"latest","id":null,"label":"Latest","uri":"/v2/programmes/playable?container=p002vsnb&sort=sequential&type=episode&experience=domestic"}],"activities":[],"play_context":null,"guidance":{"competition_warning":false,"warnings":null},"recommendation":null},{"id":"p0ft28tr","type":"playable_item","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:episode:w3ct4scc","network":{"id":"bbc_world_service","key":"worldserviceradio","short_title":"World Service","logo_url":"https://sounds.files.bbci.co.uk/3.7.0/networks/bbc_world_service/{type}_{size}.{format}","network_type":"master_brand"},"release":{"date":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","label":"08 Jun 2023"},"titles":{"primary":"Science In Action","secondary":"The beginnings of us","tertiary":null,"entity_title":"The beginnings of us"},"synopses":{"short":"New molecular fossil records shed evidence on the billion-year-old roots of modern life","medium":"The billion year old roots of modern life, the 462 million year old explosion of new species, and a critical look at the 350,000-year-old evidence of burial practices.","long":"The origin of all complex life has been traced back 1.6 billion years as new molecular fossil records have discovered the fatty stains that our ancient single celled ancestors have left behind. Jochen Brocks, Professor of Geobiology at Australian National University, discusses the significance of these unique biological signatures. \n\nOne billion years later, to a mere 462 million years ago, life on Earth was experiencing a boom of new species but we have very few fossil records to understand this era. Now, palaeontologists Dr Joe Botting and Dr Lucy Muir have found the most abundant deposit of soft bodied fossils from this time in a tiny Welsh quarry. \n\nNext, to the relatively recent past, 350,000 years ago, where remains found in a South African cave suggest that an extinct species of human, Homo Naledi, buried their dead. But Mike Petraglia, Professor of Human Evolution and Prehistory at the Max Planck Institute, doubts these claims. \n\nAnd in the modern day, the fungi which have colonised our soil for millions of years are still helping us clean up the atmosphere. Professor of Plant-Soil Processes at the University of Sheffield, Katie Field, tells us about the astounding amount of carbon captured by the fungus beneath our feet. \n\nPresenter: Roland Pease\nProducer: Ella Hubber\n\n(Image: Artist’s imagination of an assemblage of primordial eukaryotic organisms of the ‘Protosterol Biota’ inhabiting a bacterial mat on the ocean floor.\nCredit: Orchestrated in MidJourney by TA 2023)"},"image_url":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/{recipe}/p0fsyhs5.jpg","duration":{"value":1720,"label":"28 mins"},"progress":null,"availability":{"from":"2023-06-08T20:00:00Z","to":null,"label":"Available for over a year"},"container":{"type":"brand","id":"p002vsnb","urn":"urn:bbc:radio:brand:p002vsnb","title":"Science In Action","synopses":{"short":"The BBC brings you all the week's science news.","medium":"The BBC brings you all the week's science 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