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ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Ibrahim Aysündü, Well with Nature/EEA</span></div></div></div><div class="three wide computer two wide mobile three wide tablet column actions"><div class="popup-trigger"><div class="action"><button class="ui basic icon inverted button share"><i title="Share" aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-share-fill"></i><span class="mobile-sr-only">Share</span></button></div></div><div class="popup-container" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="documentDescription eea callout"><p>Forests are responsible for a range of ecosystem services which are imperative for our health and well-being, as well as for the health of our planet. </p></div><div style="margin:0px 0px 100px 0px" class="styled-columnsBlock has--margin--bottom--100 has--margin--unlock--true styled"><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="eight wide computer twelve wide mobile eight wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-tabs_block styled"><div class="tabs-block accordion light flex-start" id="38b81c58-6367-4eaa-b5e6-ced0cd302e37"><div class="styled-tab styled"><div class="tab-accordion-container" role="presentation" tabindex="-1"><div class="RRT__container"><div class="RRT__tabs tabs-accordion-icon-left ui menu tabs-accessibility tabs-secondary-variant light pointing secondary"><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab active ui item title RRT__tab--first RRT__tab--selected" id="tab-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-selected="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-up-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">Overview</span></div><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab ui item title" id="tab-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-down-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">Key facts</span></div><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab ui item title" id="tab-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-down-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">EU action</span></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content active" role="tabpanel" id="panel-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-labelledby="tab-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-hidden="false"><div id="Overview" class="tab-name"><p>Europe is among the most forested regions of the world – <strong>around 40% of its land area is covered by forests</strong>. Because of its extent and relatively extensive management compared to other land types, forests play an essential role in Europe’s nature, hosting most of the terrestrial species of animals, plants and fungi native to Europe. </p><p>Forests offer numerous benefits: </p><p> </p><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><strong>Climate regulation</strong>: They act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and helping to combat climate change.</li><li><strong>Water source:</strong> Forests provide clean water and aid in regulating water cycles.</li><li><strong>Renewable resources:</strong> They offer materials that can be sustainably used.</li><li><strong>Natural disaster mitigation: </strong>Forests decrease the risks of landslides and floods.</li><li><strong>Supporting agriculture:</strong> They contribute to maintaining conditions necessary for farming, enhancing food security.</li><li><strong>Environmental stability: </strong>Forests stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and moderate temperatures.</li><li><strong>Ecosystem services: </strong>They provide various services such as protection, recreation, and contribute to combating climate change.</li><li><strong>Economic contribution:</strong> Forests are vital for national economies and create employment opportunities.</li></ul><p>In recent years, forests have undergone significant changes. They face various challenges that affect how they work and their ability to provide different benefits to nature and people. Although forests in Europe are getting healthier in some ways, many of them remain at risk due to issues like pollution in the air and water, loss of habitats and diverse wildlife, and the growth of cities into forested areas.</p><p>With ever-increasing demands for <strong>biomass</strong>, forests are projected to come under further ecological strain, necessitating a holistic policy framework and robust governance. </p></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content RRT__panel--hidden" role="tabpanel" id="panel-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-labelledby="tab-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-hidden="true"><div id="Key facts" class="tab-name"><p>The <a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/documents/what_is_a_forest/@@images/file" rel="noopener">official definition of forest land</a> is “land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than five meters and a canopy cover of more than 10%, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land predominantly under agricultural or urban land use.” </p><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><strong>Forests and other wooded areas </strong>cover around <strong>40% of the European land surface.</strong> </li><li>Populations of <strong>common forest bird species are generally stable</strong> – a good indicator of the health of European forests. </li><li>Protected forests prevent soil erosion, preserve water resources, and maintain other ecosystem services — they form one-quarter of Europe’s forests. </li><li>An increasing amount of Europe’s forests are <strong>damaged</strong>, mainly by wind, insects, disease and forest fires. </li><li>The <strong>forest sector</strong> contributes to about 0.7% of the GDP in Europe. 25% of people depend on forests for subsistence and income. Today, there are more than <strong>2.6 million employees</strong> in the forest sector, but revenue in forestry is volatile. </li><li><strong>Renewable energy from wood</strong> covers about <strong>6.4% of total energy consumption.</strong> </li><li><strong>70% of forests</strong> and other wooded land are available for <strong>public recreation</strong> — offering a green oasis for Europeans. </li></ul></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content RRT__panel--hidden" role="tabpanel" id="panel-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-labelledby="tab-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-hidden="true"><div id="EU action" class="tab-name"><p>The <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/forest-strategy_en" rel="noopener"><strong>EU forest strategy for 2030</strong></a> is one of the flagship initiatives of the <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en" rel="noopener"><strong>European Green Deal</strong></a>. The strategy sets a vision and concrete actions to improve the quantity and quality of EU forests and strengthen their protection, restoration and resilience. It aims to adapt Europe’s forests to the new conditions, weather extremes and high uncertainty brought about by climate change. </p><p>The <strong><a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/biodiversity-strategy-2030_en" rel="noopener">EU biodiversity strategy for 2030</a></strong> commits to planting at least three billion additional trees in the EU by 2030, in full respect of ecological principles: the appropriate tree species in forests, agricultural areas, urban and peri-urban areas and along infrastructure corridors. The <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/nature-and-biodiversity/nature-restoration-law_en" rel="noopener"><strong>EU nature restoration law</strong></a> is a key element of the EU biodiversity strategy. </p><p>Again, under the European Green Deal and the <strong>Fit For 55 Package</strong>, forests are expected to deliver 310 MtCO<sub>2</sub> removals to the LULUCF sector (<a href="https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/land-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf" rel="noopener"></a><a href="https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/land-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf" rel="noopener"></a>land use, land use change and forestry)<a href="https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/land-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf" rel="noopener"></a><a href="https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/land-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf" rel="noopener"></a> by 2030 towards the EU 2030 target and contribute with more removals towards 2050 to help the EU become climate neutral by 2050.</p><p><strong></strong>To preserve forests and their biodiversity, forest species and habitats are protected by nature and biodiversity legislation such as the <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/nature-and-biodiversity/nature-restoration-law_en" rel="noopener"><strong>nature restoration law</strong></a> and, the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm" rel="noopener"><strong>birds</strong></a> and <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm" rel="noopener"><strong>habitats directives</strong></a>. Species and habitats are monitored to evaluate the conservation status of sites, the impacts of pressures, and measures to restore ecosystems<a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/biodiversity" rel="noopener"></a>.</p><p><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/sites/index_en.htm" rel="noopener"><strong>Natura 2000</strong></a> represents the largest coordinated network of nature conservation areas in the world. 18% of the EU’s land area and more than 8% of its marine territory is part of Natura 2000. 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aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Publications</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/the-european-biomass-puzzle/" rel="noopener">The European biomass puzzle </a></li><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/soer-2020" rel="noopener">The European environment - state and outlook 2020</a><a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/documents/what_is_a_forest/@@images/file" rel="noopener"></a></li><li><a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/documents/what_is_a_forest/@@images/file" rel="noopener"></a><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/forest-dynamics-in-europe-and" rel="noopener">Forest dynamics in Europe and their ecological consequences</a></li></ul><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--icon--ri-arrow-right-s-line has--inverted--true has--rightIcon--true has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Report&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B1%5D=Briefing&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Forests%20and%20forestry&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="e53c3d45-3510-42da-bd18-cc72d0fb1a7b" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Indicators</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/forest-fragmentation-in-europe" rel="noopener">Forest fragmentation (Forest connectivity) in Europe</a></li></ul><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--icon--ri-arrow-right-s-line has--inverted--true has--rightIcon--true has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Indicator&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Forests%20and%20forestry&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="3743a84b-8049-4b66-8fab-cc031ba8744c" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Frequently asked questions</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="/en/about/contact-us/faqs/where-can-i-find-the-latest-information-on-europes-forests">Where can I find the latest information on Europe’s forests?</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/contact-us/faqs/what-is-corine-land-cover">What is CORINE land cover?</a><a href="/en/about/contact-us/faqs/where-can-i-find-the-latest-information-on-europes-forests"></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="biomass-and-forests" data-block="480ff56a-eb95-47a0-b3f1-a1deba4aeea1"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#biomass-and-forests"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Biomass and forests</h2><p>Biomass is a renewable resource, but it is not infinite. Its supply depends on natural growth rates. </p><p>In the case of forests in particular, biomass regrowth requires several years and is not guaranteed, especially under a changing climate. </p><p>This means that it is critical to harvest it at a sustainable rate that allows for regeneration.</p><p> Biomass harvesting should not exceed the natural growth rate needed to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem structure,functioning and productivity.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary left has--align--left has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align left"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/the-european-biomass-puzzle" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">Read more about biomass in our report</a></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/circular-economy/32161106531_1cd651886a_k.jpg/@@images/image-800-84889579e813ec6e74b8fbd6f1068da0.jpeg" width="800" height="450" class="responsive" srcSet="/en/topics/in-depth/circular-economy/32161106531_1cd651886a_k.jpg/@@images/image-200-75d93dd9bbb4eed037f23d8f8c5c93ef.jpeg 200w, /en/topics/in-depth/circular-economy/32161106531_1cd651886a_k.jpg/@@images/image-400-b1e5e748b98eeb3094bdf9bd203b80b2.jpeg 400w, /en/topics/in-depth/circular-economy/32161106531_1cd651886a_k.jpg/@@images/image-800-84889579e813ec6e74b8fbd6f1068da0.jpeg 800w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"></div></div></div><p></p></div></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/31439205324_a1b65caf95_k.jpg/@@images/image-800-e3e98205b3e512c8cc892ab0e930af6d.jpeg" width="800" height="533" class="responsive" srcSet="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/31439205324_a1b65caf95_k.jpg/@@images/image-200-97147b898e383ef5353fc9bff29b4db0.jpeg 200w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/31439205324_a1b65caf95_k.jpg/@@images/image-400-9236ef535f69cbd79fc4dbe38b9d4b2c.jpeg 400w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/31439205324_a1b65caf95_k.jpg/@@images/image-800-e3e98205b3e512c8cc892ab0e930af6d.jpeg 800w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Picture of a truck carrying large tree logs descending down a road into a green forest."/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Alex Dumitrescu, Environment & Me/EEA</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="forests-help-us-fight-climate-change" data-block="fe20281d-2646-4186-8c3b-40de281e6397"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#forests-help-us-fight-climate-change"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Forests help us fight climate change</h2><p>Forests play an important role both in climate change <a href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissions">mitigation</a> and in climate change <a href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-impacts-risks-and-adaptation">adaptation</a>. Europe's forests are an essential carbon sink, capturing emissions. <strong>EU forests currently absorb around 10% of the total EU emissions</strong>.</p><p>At the same time, forests have an innate ability to regenerate and adapt to damages, disturbances and weather impacts — this ability makes them a great ally in facing the damaging effects of climate change.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary right has--align--right has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/topics/forest-and-climate/introduction" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">Find out more on forests and climate</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="healthy-forests-ready-for-climate-change-impacts" data-block="dd960bd3-f3c7-4e21-8c51-58f3b0172783"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#healthy-forests-ready-for-climate-change-impacts"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Healthy forests, ready for climate change impacts?</h2><p>Forest ecosystems play a vital role in supporting biodiversity and provide many benefits to our own well-being, helping to provide clean air and water, regulating weather extremes as well as providing recreation. However, forests are trying to cope with <strong>dramatic changes over past decades</strong> which have left them more <strong>vulnerable to disease, pests and biodiversity loss</strong>.</p><p>The EEA two briefings: ‘<a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-forest-ecosystems-key-allies/european-forest-ecosystems-key-allies" rel="noopener">European forest ecosystems: key allies in sustainable development</a>‘ and ‘<a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-forest-ecosystems-key-allies/european-forest-ecosystems-key-allies" rel="noopener"></a><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/how-are-european-forest/" rel="noopener">How are European forest ecosystems doing?</a>’ give the latest state and trends on how European forests are doing. They also provide an explanation of <strong>EU efforts</strong> to improve forest ecosystem resilience.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary left has--align--left has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align left"><a title="" class="ui button primary" href="/en/newsroom/news/keeping-europes-forests-healthy">More in our briefings on forests</a></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container large center"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52441428214_e5d6f701eb_c.jpg/@@images/image-800-70dd4679a8c432fb57a899a1f0315200.jpeg" width="800" height="534" class="large responsive" srcSet="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52441428214_e5d6f701eb_c.jpg/@@images/image-200-be9dafa3f952bcde14b9c77eae4b124a.jpeg 200w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52441428214_e5d6f701eb_c.jpg/@@images/image-400-564e001a6a21207c50995a6c9eba2aee.jpeg 400w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52441428214_e5d6f701eb_c.jpg/@@images/image-800-70dd4679a8c432fb57a899a1f0315200.jpeg 800w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Image of a green sprouting tree in the centre of large tree logs in a forest setting." sizes="(max-width: 600px) 400px, (max-width: 1440px) 800px, 100vw"/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Christian Goß, Well with Nature/EEA</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/tcd_forests.png/@@images/image-800-f8dcff1fd570c17d08e06594762885ac.png" width="800" height="489" class="responsive" srcSet="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/tcd_forests.png/@@images/image-200-6d6aaafb8c8db9805439e1afaf311630.png 200w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/tcd_forests.png/@@images/image-400-f450516dfec0b68486257b1c9b97e910.png 400w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/tcd_forests.png/@@images/image-800-f8dcff1fd570c17d08e06594762885ac.png 800w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Copernicus </span></div></div></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="how-can-copernicus-help" data-block="79f254d4-2e7a-4eff-845d-40a6790379d1"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#how-can-copernicus-help"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>How can Copernicus help?</h2><p> </p><p>The European Union has passed a number of ambitious and binding policies such as the Biodiversity Strategy, the Forest Strategy, the LULUCF Regulation, and the EU Timber Regulation, all of which aim to halt deforestation and promote protection and restoration of European forests. Each of these regulations include strict and specific targets, and as a result, the need for accurate and large-scale forest monitoring is higher than ever.</p><p>The Copernicus Land Monitoring Service offers several different products that contain information on forests and tree cover. <a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-tree-cover-density" rel="noopener">Tree Cover Density</a> (TCD) provides information on the percentage of tree cover in a given area. <a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-dominant-leaf-type" rel="noopener">Dominant Leaf Type</a> (DLT) is produced in parallel with Tree Cover Density and allows users to identify and track changes in the dominant leaf type of all European tree cover. The <a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-forest-type" rel="noopener">Forest Type</a> product is derived from the TCD and DLT products and together, these represent some of the best publicly available data on tree cover monitoring data in the world.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary right has--align--right has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">Visit Copernicus Land Monitoring Service's website</a></div></div><p> </p></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><p></p><div class="eea hero-block inverted"><div class="hero-block-image-wrapper full-width"><div class="hero-block-image"></div><div class="hero-block-image-overlay dark-overlay-4"></div></div><div class="hero-block-inner-wrapper d-flex flex-items-center"><div class="hero-block-body"><div class="hero-block-text color-fg-white text-left"><h2 id="discover-europes-forests" data-block="5c4bd58d-a158-4fd5-8e58-e024fb68bc8c"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#discover-europes-forests"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Discover Europe's forests</h2><p>The <strong>Forest Information System for Europe (FISE)</strong> is the entry point for sharing information with the forest<br/>community on Europe's forest environment, its state and development. <strong><a href="http://" rel="noopener"></a></strong><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#_msocom_1"></a><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#_msocom_2"></a><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#_msoanchor_2"></a></p></div><div class="hero-block-meta text-left"><a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button white inverted">Visit FISE website</a></div><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-prefix">Image</span><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Pedro Esteves, Well with Nature/EEA</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="a-walk-in-the-woods" data-block="67a97a99-b6e3-4dfc-9c58-1efaf8d6011d"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#a-walk-in-the-woods"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>A walk in the woods</h2><p>Forests support human well-being by providing space for rest, relaxation and exercise. The<strong> health benefits of green spaces</strong> are well recognised for <strong>children</strong>, whose physical and mental development is enhanced by living, playing and learning in green environments.</p><p>The <strong>elderly</strong> also benefit significantly from visiting green and blue spaces, through improved physical health and social well-being, while nature-based education and play can help children develop their motor skills.</p><p>In contrast, studies suggest that young people and children with relatively low exposure to green space are more likely to have poorer eyesight, suffer from obesity and be exposed to oxidative stress.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary left has--align--left has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align left"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/who-benefits-from-nature-in/who-benefits-from-nature-in" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">More about the health benefits of forests</a></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52443057456_0cbc109f02_c.jpg/@@images/image-800-edc2c8c8000b7d011fad4e34157329b8.jpeg" width="800" height="533" class="responsive" srcSet="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52443057456_0cbc109f02_c.jpg/@@images/image-200-f975f2ca6d247d021cb1f1868331505c.jpeg 200w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52443057456_0cbc109f02_c.jpg/@@images/image-400-8584375a78fe5d37219571c655ce59cc.jpeg 400w, /en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry/52443057456_0cbc109f02_c.jpg/@@images/image-800-edc2c8c8000b7d011fad4e34157329b8.jpeg 800w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Picture of two people sitting on chairs under a large tree and gazing at a clear yellow-green lake in a green forest setting."/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div 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C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Other topics you might be interested in:</h4><ul role="list" class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/biodiversity">Biodiversity: state of habitats and species</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-impacts-risks-and-adaptation">Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use">Land use</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/nature">Nature</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/nature-protection-and-restoration">Nature protection and restoration</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/soil">Soil</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainable-finance">Sustainable finance</a> </li></ul></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h4 id="external-links" data-block="0015cd8a-134e-49ec-897f-46758ba9395d"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry#external-links"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 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System for Europe (BISE)</a></li><li><a href="https://biodiversity.europa.eu/" rel="noopener"></a><a href="https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">European Climate Adaptation Platform (Climate-ADAPT)</a></li><li><a href="https://biodiversity.europa.eu/" rel="noopener"></a><a href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">European Nature Information System (EUNIS)</a></li><li><a href="https://mapmytree.eea.europa.eu/" rel="noopener">MapMyTree</a></li><li><a href="https://forest.eea.europa.eu/3-billion-trees/introduction" rel="noopener">3 billion trees initiative</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><footer id="footer" aria-label="Footer"><div class="footer-wrapper-nobg"><div class="ui container"><div class="subfooter"><div class="ui grid mobile"><div class="four wide computer six wide mobile six wide tablet column mobile"><div class="item"><div class="site logo"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="/static/media/eea-logo-white.da328514.svg" 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You will then be able to edit it.":"","If you are certain you have the correct web address but are encountering an error, please contact the {site_admin}.":"","Image":"","Image gallery":"","Image override":"","Image size":"","Image view":"","Include this occurence":"","Info":"","InfoUserGroupSettings":"","Inherit permissions from higher levels":"","Inherited value":"","Insert col after":"","Insert col before":"","Insert row after":"","Insert row before":"","Inspect relations":"","Install":"","Installed":"","Installed version":"","Installing a third party add-on":"","Interval Daily":"","Interval Monthly":"","Interval Weekly":"","Interval Yearly":"","Invalid Block":"","It is not allowed to define both the password and to request sending the password reset message by e-mail. You need to select one of them.":"","Item batch size":"","Item succesfully moved.":"","Item(s) copied.":"","Item(s) cut.":"","Item(s) has been updated.":"","Item(s) pasted.":"","Item(s) state has been updated.":"","Items":"","Items must be unique.":"","Label":"","Language":"","Language independent field.":"","Large":"","Last":"","Last comment date":"","Last modified":"","Latest available configuration":"","Latest version":"","Layout":"","Lead Image":"","Left":"","Less filters":"","Link":"","Link copied to clipboard":"","Link more":"","Link redirect view":"","Link settings":"","Link title":"","Link to":"","Link translation for":"","Linking this item with hyperlink in text":"","Links and references":"","Listing":"","Listing view":"","Load more":"","Loading":"","Log In":"","Log in":"","Logged out":"","Login":"","Login Failed":"","Login Name":"","Logout":"","Made by {creator} on {date}. This is not a working copy anymore, but the main content.":"","Make the table compact":"","Manage Translations":"","Manage content…":"","Manage translations for {title}":"","Manual":"","Manually or automatically added?":"","Many relations found. Please search.":"","Maps":"","Maps URL":"","Maximum length is {len}.":"","Maximum value is {len}.":"","Medium":"","Membership updated":"","Message":"","Minimum length is {len}.":"","Minimum value is {len}.":"","Moderate Comments":"","Moderate comments":"","Monday and Friday":"","Month day":"","Monthly":"","More":"","More filters":"","More information about the upgrade procedure can be found in the documentation section of plone.org in the Upgrade Guide.":"","Mosaic layout":"","Move down":"","Move to bottom of folder":"","Move to top of folder":"","Move up":"","Multiple choices?":"","My email is":"","My username is":"","Name":"","Narrow":"","Navigate back":"","Navigation":"","New password":"","News Item":"","News item view":"","No":"","No Transactions Found":"","No Transactions Selected":"","No Transactions Selected To Do Undo":"","No Video selected":"","No addons found":"","No broken relations found.":"","No connection to the server":"","No image selected":"","No image set in Lead Image content field":"","No image set in image content field":"","No images found.":"","No items found in this container.":"","No items selected":"","No links to this item found.":"","No map selected":"","No occurences set":"","No options":"","No relation found":"","No results found":"","No results found.":"","No selection":"","No uninstall profile":"","No user found":"","No value":"","No workflow":"","None":"","Note":"","Note that roles set here apply directly to a user. The symbol{plone_svg}indicates a role inherited from membership in a group.":"","Number of active objects":"","Object Size":"","Occurences":"","Ok":"","Only 7-bit bytes characters are allowed. Cannot contain uppercase letters, special characters: \u003C, \u003E, &, #, \u002F, ?, or others that are illegal in URLs. Cannot start with: _, aq_, @@, ++. Cannot end with __. Cannot be: request,contributors, ., .., \"\". Cannot contain new lines.":"","Open in a new tab":"","Open menu":"","Open object browser":"","Ordered":"","Origin":"","Overview of relations of all content items":"","Page":"","Parent fieldset":"","Password":"","Password reset":"","Passwords do not match.":"","Paste":"","Paste blocks":"","Perform the following actions:":"","Permissions have been updated successfully":"","Permissions updated":"","Personal Information":"","Personal Preferences":"","Personal tools":"","Persons responsible for creating the content of this item. Please enter a list of user names, one per line. The principal creator should come first.":"","Please choose an existing content as source for this element":"","Please continue with the upgrade.":"","Please ensure you have a backup of your site before performing the upgrade.":"","Please enter a valid URL by deleting the block and adding a new video block.":"","Please enter the Embed Code provided by Google Maps -\u003E Share -\u003E Embed map. It should contain the \u003Ciframe\u003E code on it.":"","Please fill out the form below to set your password.":"","Please search for users or use the filters on the side.":"","Please upgrade to plone.restapi \u003E= 8.24.0.":"","Please upgrade to plone.restapi \u003E= 8.39.0.":"","Plone Foundation":"","Plone{reg} Open Source CMS\u002FWCM":"","Position changed":"","Possible values":"","Powered by Plone & Python":"","Preferences":"","Prettify your code":"","Preview":"","Preview Image URL":"","Profile":"","Properties":"","Publication date":"","Publishing Date":"","Query":"","Re-enter the password. Make sure the passwords are identical.":"","Read More…":"","Read only for this type of relation.":"","Rearrange items by…":"","Recurrence ends":"","Recurrence ends after":"","Recurrence ends on":"","Redo":"","Reduce complexity":"","Referencing this item as related item":"","Referencing this item with {relationship}":"","Register":"","Registration form":"","Relation name":"","Relations":"","Relations are editable with plone.api \u003E= 2.0.3.":"","Relations updated":"","Relevance":"","Remove":"","Remove element {index}":"","Remove item":"","Remove recurrence":"","Remove selected":"","Remove term":"","Remove users from group":"","Remove working copy":"","Rename":"","Rename Items Loading Message":"","Rename items":"","Repeat":"","Repeat every":"","Repeat on":"","Replace existing file":"","Reply":"","Required":"","Required input is missing.":"","Reset element {index}":"","Reset term title":"","Reset the block":"","Results limit":"","Results preview":"","Results template":"","Reversed order":"","Revert to this revision":"","Review state":"","Richtext":"","Right":"","Rights":"","Roles":"","Root":"","Rule added":"","Rule enable changed":"","Rules":"","Rules execute when a triggering event occurs. Rule actions will only be invoked if all the rule's conditions are met. You can add new actions and conditions using the buttons below.":"","Save":"","Save recurrence":"","Saved":"","Scheduled":"","Schema":"","Schema updates":"","Search":"","Search SVG":"","Search Site":"","Search block":"","Search button label":"","Search content":"","Search for user or group":"","Search group…":"","Search input label":"","Search results":"","Search results for {term}":"","Search sources by title or path":"","Search targets by title or path":"","Search users…":"","Searched for: \u003Cem\u003E{searchedtext}\u003C\u002Fem\u003E.":"","Second":"","Section title":"","Select":"","Select a date to add to recurrence":"","Select columns to show":"","Select relation":"","Select the transition to be used for modifying the items state.":"","Selected":"","Selected dates":"","Selected items":"","Selected items - x of y":"","Selection":"","Select…":"","Send":"","Send a confirmation mail with a link to set the password.":"","Server Error":"","Set my password":"","Set your password":"","Settings":"","Sharing":"","Sharing for {title}":"","Short Name":"","Short name":"","Show":"","Show All":"","Show Replies":"","Show filters":"","Show groups of users below":"","Show item":"","Show potential sources. Not only objects that are source of some relation.":"","Show potential targets. Not only objects that are target of some relation.":"","Show search button?":"","Show search input?":"","Show sorting?":"","Show total results":"","Shrink sidebar":"","Shrink toolbar":"","Sign in to start session":"","Site Administration":"","Site Setup":"","Sitemap":"","Size: {size}":"","Small":"","Some items are also a folder. By deleting them you will delete {containedItemsToDelete} {variation} inside the folders.":"","Some items are referenced by other contents. By deleting them {brokenReferences} {variation} will be broken.":"","Some relations are broken. Please fix.":"","Sorry, something went wrong with your request":"","Sort By":"","Sort By:":"","Sort on":"","Sort on options":"","Sort transactions by User-Name, Path or Date":"","Sorted":"","Sorted on":"","Source":"","Specify a youtube video or playlist url":"","Split":"","Start Date":"","Start of the recurrence":"","Start password reset":"","State":"","Status":"","Sticky":"","Stop compare":"","String":"","Stripe alternate rows with color":"","Styling":"","Subject":"","Success":"","Successfully Undone Transactions":"","Summary":"","Summary view":"","Switch to":"","Table":"","Table of Contents":"","Tabular view":"","Tags":"","Tags to add":"","Tags to remove":"","Target":"","Target Path (Required)":"","Target memory size per cache in bytes":"","Target number of objects in memory per cache":"","Target url path must start with a slash.":"","Teaser":"","Text":"","Thank you.":"","The Database Manager allow you to view database status information":"","The backend is not responding, due to a server timeout or a connection problem of your device. Please check your connection and try again.":"","The backend is not responding, please check if you have started Plone, check your project's configuration object apiPath (or if you are using the internal proxy, devProxyToApiPath) or the RAZZLE_API_PATH Volto's environment variable.":"","The backend is responding, but the CORS headers are not configured properly and the browser has denied the access to the backend resources.":"","The backend server of your website is not answering, we apologize for the inconvenience. Please try to re-load the page and try again. If the problem persists please contact the site administrators.":"","The button presence disables the live search, the query is issued when you press ENTER":"","The following content rules are active in this Page. Use the content rules control panel to create new rules or delete or modify existing ones.":"","The following list shows which upgrade steps are going to be run. Upgrading sometimes performs a catalog\u002Fsecurity update, which may take a long time on large sites. Be patient.":"","The item could not be deleted.":"","The link address is:":"","The provided alternative url already exists!":"","The registration process has been successful. Please check your e-mail inbox for information on how activate your account.":"","The site configuration is outdated and needs to be upgraded.":"","The working copy was discarded":"","The {plonecms} is {copyright} 2000-{current_year} by the {plonefoundation} and friends.":"","There are no groups with the searched criteria":"","There are no users with the searched criteria":"","There are some errors.":"","There is a configuration problem on the backend":"","There was an error with the upgrade.":"","There were some errors":"","There were some errors.":"","Third":"","This has an ongoing working copy in {title}":"","This is a reserved name and can't be used":"","This is a working copy of {title}":"","This item is also a folder. By deleting it you will delete {containedItemsToDelete} {variation} inside the folder.":"","This item was locked by {creator} on {date}":"","This name will be displayed in the URL.":"","This page does not seem to exist…":"","This rule is assigned to the following locations:":"","Time":"","Title":"","Title field error. Value not provided or already existing.":"","Total active and non-active objects":"","Total comments":"","Total number of objects in each cache":"","Total number of objects in memory from all caches":"","Total number of objects in the database":"","Transactions":"","Transactions Checkbox":"","Transactions Have Been Sorted":"","Transactions Have Been Unsorted":"","Translate to {lang}":"","Translation linked":"","Translation linking removed":"","Triggering event field error. Please select a value":"","Type":"","Type a Video (YouTube, Vimeo or mp4) URL":"","Type text...":"","Type text…":"","Type the heading…":"","Type the title…":"","UID":"","URL Management":"","URL Management for {title}":"","Unassign":"","Unassigned":"","Unauthorized":"","Undo":"","Undo Controlpanel":"","Unfold":"","Unified":"","Uninstall":"","Unknown Block":"Unknown Block {block}","Unlink translation for":"","Unlock":"","Unsorted":"","Update":"","Update User":"","Update installed addons":"","Update installed addons:":"","Updates available":"","Upgrade":"","Upgrade Plone Site":"","Upgrade Report":"","Upgrade Steps":"","Upload":"","Upload a lead image in the 'Lead Image' content field.":"","Upload a new image":"","Upload files":"","Uploading files":"","Uploading image":"","Use the form below to define the new content rule":"","Use the form below to define, change or remove content rules. Rules will automatically perform actions on content when certain triggers take place. After defining rules, you may want to go to a folder to assign them, using the 'rules' item in the actions menu.":"","Used for programmatic access to the fieldset.":"","User":"","User Group Membership":"","User Group Settings":"","User created":"","User deleted":"","User name":"","User roles updated":"","User updated successfuly":"","Username":"","Users":"","Users and Groups":"","Using this form, you can manage alternative urls for an item. This is an easy way to make an item available under two different URLs.":"","Variation":"","Version Overview":"","Video":"","Video URL":"","View":"","View changes":"","View links and references to this item":"","View this revision":"","View working copy":"","Viewmode":"","Vocabulary term":"","Vocabulary term title":"","Vocabulary terms":"","Warning Regarding debug mode":"","We apologize for the inconvenience, but the backend of the site you are accessing is not available right now. Please, try again later.":"","We apologize for the inconvenience, but the page you were trying to access is not at this address. You can use the links below to help you find what you are looking for.":"","We apologize for the inconvenience, but there was an unexpected error on the server.":"","We apologize for the inconvenience, but you don't have permissions on this resource.":"","Weeek day of month":"","Weekday":"","Weekly":"","What":"","When":"","When this date is reached, the content will nolonger be visible in listings and searches.":"","Whether or not execution of further rules should stop after this rule is executed":"","Whether or not other rules should be triggered by the actions launched by this rule. Activate this only if you are sure this won't create infinite loops":"","Whether or not the rule is currently enabled":"","Who":"","Wide":"","Workflow Change Loading Message":"","Workflow updated.":"","Yearly":"","Yes":"","You are trying to access a protected resource, please {login} first.":"","You are using an outdated browser":"","You can add a comment by filling out the form below. Plain text formatting.":"","You can control who can view and edit your item using the list below.":"","You can view the difference of the revisions below.":"","You can view the history of your item below.":"","You can't paste this content here":"","You have been logged out from the site.":"","You have not the required permission for this control panel.":"","Your email is required for reset your password.":"","Your password has been set successfully. You may now {link} with your new password.":"","Your preferred language":"","Your site is up to date.":"","Your usernaame is required for reset your password.":"","addUserFormEmailDescription":"","addUserFormFullnameDescription":"","addUserFormPasswordDescription":"","addUserFormUsernameDescription":"","availableViews":"","box_forgot_password_option":"","checkboxFacet":"","column":"","columns":"","common":"","compare_to":"","countBrokenRelations":"","daterangeFacet":"","delete":"","deprecated_browser_notice_message":"","description":"","description_lost_password":"","description_sent_password":"","draft":"","email":"","event_alldates":"","event_attendees":"","event_contactname":"","event_contactphone":"","event_website":"","event_what":"","event_when":"","event_where":"","fileTooLarge":"","flush intIds and rebuild relations":"","flushAndRebuildRelationsHints":"\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003ERegenerate intIds (tokens of relations in relation catalog)\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ERebuild relations\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECheck the log for details!\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWarning\u003C\u002Fb\u003E: If you have add-ons relying on intIds, you should not flush them. Check the add-ons first.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","head_title":"","heading_sent_password":"","hero":"","html":"","image":"","image_block_clear":"","image_block_preview":"","integer":"","intranet":"","item":"","items":"","label_my_email_is":"","label_my_username_is":"","leadimage":"","linkAnImage":"","listing":"","loading":"","log in":"","maps":"","maxLength":"","maximum":"","media":"","minLength":"","minimum":"","mostUsed":"","narrowDownRelations":"","no":"","no workflow state":"","number":"","of the month":"","or try a different page.":"","others":"","pending":"","pickAnImage":"","private":"","published":"","querystring-widget-select":"","rebuild relations":"","reference":"","references":"","results found":"","return to the site root":"","rrule_and":"","rrule_approximate":"","rrule_at":"","rrule_dateFormat":"","rrule_day":"","rrule_days":"","rrule_every":"","rrule_for":"","rrule_hour":"","rrule_hours":"","rrule_in":"","rrule_last":"","rrule_minutes":"","rrule_month":"","rrule_months":"","rrule_nd":"","rrule_on":"","rrule_on the":"","rrule_or":"","rrule_rd":"","rrule_st":"","rrule_th":"","rrule_the":"","rrule_time":"","rrule_times":"","rrule_until":"","rrule_week":"","rrule_weekday":"","rrule_weekdays":"","rrule_weeks":"","rrule_year":"","rrule_years":"","selectFacet":"","selectView":"","skiplink-footer":"","skiplink-main-content":"","skiplink-navigation":"","sort":"","sources path":"","table":"","target path":"","text":"","title":"","toc":"","toggleFacet":"","upgradeVersions":"","uploadAnImage":"","url":"","user avatar":"","video":"","views":"","visit_external_website":"","workingCopyErrorUnauthorized":"","workingCopyGenericError":"","yes":"","{count, plural, one {Upload {count} file} other {Upload {count} files}}":"","{count} selected":"","{id} Content Type":"","{id} Schema":"","{title} copied.":"","{title} cut.":"","{title} has been deleted.":"","Add link":"","An error has occurred while editing \"{name}\" field. We have been notified and we are looking into it. Please save your work and retry. If the issue persists please contact the site administrator.":"","An error has occurred while rendering \"{name}\" field. We have been notified and we are looking into it. If the issue persists please contact the site administrator.":"","Bottom":"","Delete table":"","Edit element":"","Edit link":"","Hide headers":"","Make the table sortable":"","Middle":"","No matching blocks":"","Remove element":"","Remove link":"","Table color inverted":"","Top":"","Visible only in view mode":"","Add child node":"Add child node","Add node at same level":"Add node at same level","Count":"Count","Delete node":"Delete node","Do you really want to delete the following taxonomies?":"Do you really want to delete the following taxonomies?","Duplicated Ids":"Duplicated Ids present","Please add a new taxonomy entry":"Please add a new taxonomy entry","Taxonomies Deleted":"Taxonomies Deleted","Taxonomy Added Successfully":"Taxonomy Added Successfully","duplicatedIdContent":"Duplicated Ids present, use unique ids in order to save these changes.","Add {schemaTitle}":"Add {schemaTitle}","Browse the site":"Browse the site","Click the Add button below to add an item to this empty list.":"Click the Add button below to add an item to this empty list.","Drop files here or click to upload":"Drop files here or click to upload","{count} x {type}":"{count} x {type}","Temporal coverage":"Temporal coverage","Advanced search":"Advanced search","Geographic coverage":"Geographic coverage","Geographic group":"Geographic group","Search for geoTags":"Search for geoTags","Edit metadata":"Edit metadata","Remove metadata":"Remove metadata","Edit footnote":"Edit footnote","Remove footnote":"Remove footnote","Edit citation":"Edit citation","Remove citation":"Remove citation","Edit label":"Edit label","Remove label":"Remove label","A short hint that describes the expected value within this block":"A short hint that describes the expected value within this block","Accordion":"Accordion","Accordion Title size":"Accordion Title size","Accordion block":"Accordion block","Accordion block settings":"Accordion block settings","Accordion theme":"Accordion theme","Accordion title":"Accordion title","Allow multiple panels open at a time":"Allow multiple panels open at a time","Allow only the following blocks types":"Allow only the following blocks types","Allowed blocks":"Allowed blocks","Collapsed by default":"Collapsed by default","Detailed expected value within this block":"Detailed expected value within this block","Disable creation of new blocks after this block":"Disable creation of new blocks after this block","Disable drag & drop on this block":"Disable drag & drop on this block","Disable editing on accordion block settings":"Disable editing on accordion block settings","Disable editing on accordion titles":"Disable editing on accordion titles","Disable editing on this block":"Disable editing on this block","Disable inner buttons":"Disable inner buttons","Disable new blocks":"Disable new blocks","Don't allow deletion of this block":"Don't allow deletion of this block","Drag and drop":"Drag and drop","Enable filtering":"Enable filtering","Enter Title":"Enter Title","Fixed layout":"Fixed layout","Fixed layout, New panes (tabs) created by Editor within this block will be ignored":"Fixed layout, New panes (tabs) created by Editor within this block will be ignored","Fixed position":"Fixed position","Friendly name":"Friendly name","Heading 2":"Heading 2","Heading 3":"Heading 3","Heading 4":"Heading 4","Heading 5":"Heading 5","Heading 6":"Heading 6","Helper text":"Helper text","Hide all block related buttons within this block":"Hide all block related buttons within this block","Instructions":"Instructions","Non exclusive":"Non exclusive","Options":"Options","Primary":"Primary","Read-only":"Read-only","Read-only settings":"Read-only settings","Read-only titles":"Read-only titles","Remove block":"Remove block","Secondary":"Secondary","Section friendly name":"Section friendly name","Section help":"Section help","Tertiary":"Tertiary","Theme":"Theme","Title Icon on the right":"Title Icon on the right","Title size":"Title size","Type to filter...":"Type to filter...","add_block_in_position":"Add block in position","panel_index":"Panel {panel_index}","A divider can be fitted, without any space above or below it.":"A divider can be fitted, without any space above or below it.","A divider can have its colors inverted.":"A divider can have its colors inverted.","A divider can provide greater margins to divide sections of content.":"A divider can provide greater margins to divide sections of content.","A hidden divider divides content without creating a dividing line.":"A hidden divider divides content without creating a dividing line.","Divider":"Divider","Divider friendly name":"Divider friendly name","Divider theme":"Divider theme","Fitted":"Fitted","Hidden":"Hidden","Inverted":"Inverted","Section":"Section","Short":"Short","Shorter line":"Shorter line","Text on top of the divider":"Text on top of the divider","Call to Action":"","Click here":"","Download file":"","Icon":"","Icon on the right":"","If enabled, the file linked will be downloaded instead of opened":"","Open in new window":"","Open in parent window \u002F frame":"","Open in this window \u002F frame":"","Open in top frame (replaces all frames)":"","Bordered":"Bordered","Card type":"Card type","InvertedHelp":"Inverted theme","Object fit":"Object fit","ObjectFitHelp":"Css property object-fit applied on Card image","ObjectPosition":"Object position","ObjectPositionHelp":"Css property object-position applied on Card image","Rounded":"Rounded","Rounded Image":"Rounded Image","Please enter a valid video URL, starting with: ":"Please enter a valid video URL, starting with:","Specify a NextCloud video or playlist url":"Specify a NextCloud video or playlist url","Video Autoplay":"Video Autoplay","Video Loop":"Video Loop","Video URL (NextCloud)":"Video URL (NextCloud)","A custom CSS class, aplicable to this column":"A custom CSS class, aplicable to this column","Advanced":"Advanced","Background color":"Background color","Column":"Column","Column 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image","properties-border-radius":"Rounded Corner","properties-clear-description":"Pushes selected block under floated content","properties-clear-title":"Clear floats","properties-custom-class-description":"A custom CSS class, applicable just to this block","properties-custom-class-title":"Custom CSS Class","properties-custom-id-description":"A custom id, applicable just to this block","properties-custom-id-title":"Custom Id","properties-font-size-description":"Relative to normal size of text in the block","properties-font-size-title":"Font size","properties-font-weight-description":"The weight (or boldness) of the font","properties-font-weight-title":"Font weight","properties-height-description":"Element height, expressed as CSS dimension","properties-height-title":"Element height","properties-hidden-description":"Hide this bloc","properties-hidden-title":"Hidden","properties-is-drop-cap-description":"First letter is styled as a drop cop","properties-is-drop-cap-title":"Drop cap","properties-is-screen-height-description":"Maximize block to viewport height","properties-is-screen-height-title":"Screen height","properties-margin":"Margin","properties-padding":"Padding","properties-shadow-color":"Shadow color","properties-shadow-depth":"Shadow depth","properties-size":"Box size","properties-stretch":"Stretch","properties-style-name":"Style","properties-text-align":"Text align","properties-text-color":"Text color","properties-theme-description":"A predefined theme, applicable just to this block","properties-theme-title":"Theme","styles-block":"Styles","Accordion responsive":"","Carousel horizontal":"","Carousel vertical (prototype)":"","Horizontal responsive":"","accordion-tabs-block":"","addTab":"","alignment":"","assetPosition":"","assetSize":"","assetType":"","black":"","blue":"","bottom":"","brown":"","center":"","color":"","dark":"","default":"","default-tabs-block":"","green":"","grey":"","hideEmptyTabs":"","hideTitle":"","horizontal-tabs-block":"","huge":"","icon":"","icon-position-on-the-right":"","iconName":"","inverted":"","large":"","left":"","left-side":"","light":"","massive":"","menu":"","menu-border-less":"","menu-compact":"","menu-fluid":"","menu-inverted":"","menu-pointing":"","menu-secondary":"","menu-stackable":"","menu-tabular":"","menu-text":"","middle":"","mini":"","olive":"","orange":"","pink":"","position":"","position-left-right-of-the-icon-in-the-accordion-tab":"","purple":"","red":"","right":"","right-side":"","set-the-theme-for-the-accordion-tabs-block":"","size":"","small":"","space-between":"","style":"","tab":"","tabTitle":"","tabs":"","tabs-block":"","teal":"","theme":"","tiny":"","top":"","vertical-align":"","violet":"","yellow":"","CSS 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"}],"type":"p"}]},"38b81c58-6367-4eaa-b5e6-ced0cd302e37":{"@type":"tabs_block","data":{"assetPosition":"top","blocks":{"07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be":{"@type":"tab","blocks":{"1e8d8293-e70c-4230-a955-93af9f0e1294":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Forests offer numerous benefits:","value":[{"children":[{"text":"Forests offer numerous benefits:\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"2ec1cd40-a6b9-4924-b43d-b0edbd57825f":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Europe is among the most forested regions of the world – around 40% of its land area is covered by forests . Because of its extent and relatively extensive management compared to other land types, forests play an essential role in Europe’s nature, hosting most of the terrestrial species of animals, plants and fungi native to Europe.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"Europe is among the most forested regions of the world – "},{"children":[{"text":"around 40% of its land area is covered by forests"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":". Because of its extent and relatively extensive management compared to other land types, forests play an essential role in Europe’s nature, hosting most of the terrestrial species of animals, plants and fungi native to Europe. "}],"type":"p"}]},"875fe45d-3329-4378-915e-b39a8b6c3d94":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" Climate regulation : They act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and helping to combat climate change. Water source: Forests provide clean water and aid in regulating water cycles. Renewable resources: They offer materials that can be sustainably used. Natural disaster mitigation: Forests decrease the risks of landslides and floods. Supporting agriculture: They contribute to maintaining conditions necessary for farming, enhancing food security. Environmental stability: Forests stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and moderate temperatures. Ecosystem services: They provide various services such as protection, recreation, and contribute to combating climate change. Economic contribution: Forests are vital for national economies and create employment opportunities.","value":[{"children":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Climate regulation"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":": They act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and helping to combat climate change."}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Water source:"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" Forests provide clean water and aid in regulating water cycles."}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Renewable resources:"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" They offer materials that can be sustainably used."}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Natural disaster mitigation: "}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"Forests decrease the risks of landslides and floods."}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Supporting agriculture:"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" They contribute to maintaining conditions necessary for farming, enhancing food security."}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Environmental stability: "}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"Forests stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and moderate temperatures."}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Ecosystem services: "}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"They provide various services such as protection, recreation, and contribute to combating climate change."}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Economic contribution:"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" Forests are vital for national economies and create employment opportunities."}],"type":"li"}],"type":"ul"}]},"d2c1e6a8-6e41-4efd-a29a-161d6f4dca03":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"","value":[{"children":[{"text":"\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"de7ee51f-9c08-4f92-a794-b2dcbb2592c7":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"With ever-increasing demands for biomass , forests are projected to come under further ecological strain, necessitating a holistic policy framework and robust governance.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"With ever-increasing demands for "},{"children":[{"text":"biomass"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":", forests are projected to come under further ecological strain, necessitating a holistic policy framework and robust governance.\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"fd7bfa19-b29b-4a3e-b206-b4fffb95cff5":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"In recent years, forests have undergone significant changes. They face various challenges that affect how they work and their ability to provide different benefits to nature and people. Although forests in Europe are getting healthier in some ways, many of them remain at risk due to issues like pollution in the air and water, loss of habitats and diverse wildlife, and the growth of cities into forested areas.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"In recent years, forests have undergone significant changes. They face various challenges that affect how they work and their ability to provide different benefits to nature and people. Although forests in Europe are getting healthier in some ways, many of them remain at risk due to issues like pollution in the air and water, loss of habitats and diverse wildlife, and the growth of cities into forested areas."}],"type":"p"}]}},"blocks_layout":{"items":["2ec1cd40-a6b9-4924-b43d-b0edbd57825f","1e8d8293-e70c-4230-a955-93af9f0e1294","d2c1e6a8-6e41-4efd-a29a-161d6f4dca03","875fe45d-3329-4378-915e-b39a8b6c3d94","fd7bfa19-b29b-4a3e-b206-b4fffb95cff5","de7ee51f-9c08-4f92-a794-b2dcbb2592c7"]},"title":"Overview"},"e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270":{"@type":"tab","blocks":{"2b0b05c6-2402-4df5-a930-e91fa6ee292f":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"The EU biodiversity strategy for 2030 commits to planting at least three billion additional trees in the EU by 2030, in full respect of ecological principles: the appropriate tree species in forests, agricultural areas, urban and peri-urban areas and along infrastructure corridors. The EU nature restoration law is a key element of the EU biodiversity strategy.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"The "},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"EU biodiversity strategy for 2030"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fenvironment.ec.europa.eu\u002Fstrategy\u002Fbiodiversity-strategy-2030_en"},"type":"link"},{"text":""}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" commits to planting at least three billion additional trees in the EU by 2030, in full respect of ecological principles: the appropriate tree species in forests, agricultural areas, urban and peri-urban areas and along infrastructure corridors. The "},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"EU nature restoration law"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fenvironment.ec.europa.eu\u002Ftopics\u002Fnature-and-biodiversity\u002Fnature-restoration-law_en"},"type":"link"},{"text":" is a key element of the EU biodiversity strategy. \r"}],"type":"p"}]},"3566bf29-eb5b-45b7-93f4-c58cd00dfe21":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" To preserve forests and their biodiversity, forest species and habitats are protected by nature and biodiversity legislation such as the nature restoration law and, the birds and habitats directives . 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Species and habitats are monitored to evaluate the conservation status of sites, the impacts of pressures, and measures to restore ecosystems"},{"children":[{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eea.europa.eu\u002Fthemes\u002Fbiodiversity"},"type":"link"},{"text":"."}],"type":"p"}]},"5a9da5d2-32d7-4c49-bd39-987995733b97":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"","value":[{"children":[{"text":"\r\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"9024a9e4-d38a-4ae5-b3f0-2880f5d0fb62":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"","value":[{"children":[{"text":"\r"}],"type":"p"}]},"aef1b9b7-d58a-42b6-ad66-9677ceadd482":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" Natura 2000 represents the largest coordinated network of nature conservation areas in the world. 18% of the EU’s land area and more than 8% of its marine territory is part of Natura 2000. Half of the Natura 2000 network comprises forests .","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Natura 2000"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Fenvironment\u002Fnature\u002Fnatura2000\u002Fsites\u002Findex_en.htm"},"type":"link"},{"text":" represents the largest coordinated network of nature conservation areas in the world. 18% of the EU’s land area and more than 8% of its marine territory is part of Natura 2000. Half of the Natura 2000 network comprises "},{"children":[{"text":"forests"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"."}],"type":"p"}]},"c8ac9def-9622-43ea-a8f5-8900130b6bb9":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Again, under the European Green Deal and the Fit For 55 Package , forests are expected to deliver 310 MtCO 2 removals to the LULUCF sector ( land use, land use change and forestry) by 2030 towards the EU 2030 target and contribute with more removals towards 2050 to help the EU become climate neutral by 2050.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"Again, under the European Green Deal and the "},{"children":[{"text":"Fit For 55 Package"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":", forests are expected to deliver 310 MtCO"},{"children":[{"text":"2"}],"type":"sub"},{"text":" removals to the LULUCF sector ("},{"children":[{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Funfccc.int\u002Ftopics\u002Fland-use\u002Fworkstreams\u002Fland-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf"},"type":"link"},{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Funfccc.int\u002Ftopics\u002Fland-use\u002Fworkstreams\u002Fland-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf"},"type":"link"},{"text":"land use, land use change and forestry)"},{"children":[{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Funfccc.int\u002Ftopics\u002Fland-use\u002Fworkstreams\u002Fland-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf"},"type":"link"},{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Funfccc.int\u002Ftopics\u002Fland-use\u002Fworkstreams\u002Fland-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf"},"type":"link"},{"text":" by 2030 towards the EU 2030 target and contribute with more removals towards 2050 to help the EU become climate neutral by 2050."}],"type":"p"}]},"ced25b37-5584-4671-9b6c-04bd67f464cb":{"@type":"callToActionBlock","href":"http:\u002F\u002Fbackend:8080\u002Fwww\u002Fen\u002Fabout\u002Fpolicy-corner-eu-policies-we-support","styles":{"align":"right","theme":"secondary"},"text":"See the EU policies we support"},"ebae1c98-cc35-4461-8bf6-cefc0e800712":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"The EU forest strategy for 2030 is one of the flagship initiatives of the European Green Deal . The strategy sets a vision and concrete actions to improve the quantity and quality of EU forests and strengthen their protection, restoration and resilience. It aims to adapt Europe’s forests to the new conditions, weather extremes and high uncertainty brought about by climate change.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"The "},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"EU forest strategy for 2030"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fenvironment.ec.europa.eu\u002Fstrategy\u002Fforest-strategy_en"},"type":"link"},{"text":" is one of the flagship initiatives of the "},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"European Green Deal"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fcommission.europa.eu\u002Fstrategy-and-policy\u002Fpriorities-2019-2024\u002Feuropean-green-deal_en"},"type":"link"},{"text":". 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Populations of common forest bird species are generally stable – a good indicator of the health of European forests. Protected forests prevent soil erosion, preserve water resources, and maintain other ecosystem services — they form one-quarter of Europe’s forests. An increasing amount of Europe’s forests are damaged , mainly by wind, insects, disease and forest fires. The forest sector contributes to about 0.7% of the GDP in Europe. 25% of people depend on forests for subsistence and income. Today, there are more than 2.6 million employees in the forest sector, but revenue in forestry is volatile. Renewable energy from wood covers about 6.4% of total energy consumption. 70% of forests and other wooded land are available for public recreation — offering a green oasis for Europeans.","value":[{"children":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Forests and other wooded areas "}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"cover around "},{"children":[{"text":"40% of the European land surface."}],"type":"strong"},{"text":"\r"}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":"Populations of "},{"children":[{"text":"common forest bird species are generally stable"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" – a good indicator of the health of European forests.\r"}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":"Protected forests prevent soil erosion, preserve water resources, and maintain other ecosystem services — they form one-quarter of Europe’s forests.\r"}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":"An increasing amount of Europe’s forests are "},{"children":[{"text":"damaged"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":", mainly by wind, insects, disease and forest fires. \r"}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":"The "},{"children":[{"text":"forest sector"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" contributes to about 0.7% of the GDP in Europe. 25% of people depend on forests for subsistence and income. Today, there are more than "},{"children":[{"text":"2.6 million employees"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" in the forest sector, but revenue in forestry is volatile. \r"}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"Renewable energy from wood"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" covers about "},{"children":[{"text":"6.4% of total energy consumption."}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" \r"}],"type":"li"},{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"70% of forests"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" and other wooded land are available for "},{"children":[{"text":"public recreation"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" — offering a green oasis for Europeans. "}],"type":"li"}],"type":"ul"}]},"f3529d3a-d6f7-4d3d-8002-c675a5b4edf0":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"The official definition of forest land is “land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than five meters and a canopy cover of more than 10%, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. 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