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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Childhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Early career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_military_experience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_military_experience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 First military experience </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_military_experience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1761" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1761"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1761 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1761-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freemasonry,_Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freemasonry,_Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Freemasonry, Berlin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freemasonry,_Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_against_Poland–Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_against_Poland–Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Wars against Poland–Lithuania </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wars_against_Poland–Lithuania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Wars against Poland–Lithuania subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Wars_against_Poland–Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dissolution_of_the_Bar_Confederation_(1768–1772)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissolution_of_the_Bar_Confederation_(1768–1772)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Dissolution of the Bar Confederation (1768–1772) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution_of_the_Bar_Confederation_(1768–1772)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outbreak_of_war_and_setbacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outbreak_of_war_and_setbacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Outbreak of war and setbacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outbreak_of_war_and_setbacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retaliatory_strike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retaliatory_strike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Retaliatory strike </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retaliatory_strike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battles_against_Polish_uprising_(1794)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battles_against_Polish_uprising_(1794)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Battles against Polish uprising (1794) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battles_against_Polish_uprising_(1794)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turning_victories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turning_victories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Turning victories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turning_victories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Triumph_and_tragedy_in_Praga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Triumph_and_tragedy_in_Praga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Triumph and tragedy in Praga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Triumph_and_tragedy_in_Praga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culmination,_impact_of_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culmination,_impact_of_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Culmination, impact of campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culmination,_impact_of_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_with_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_with_the_Ottoman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Wars with the Ottoman Empire </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wars_with_the_Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Wars with the Ottoman Empire subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Wars_with_the_Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1st_war_against_the_Ottomans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1st_war_against_the_Ottomans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 1st war against the Ottomans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1st_war_against_the_Ottomans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Developments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2nd_war_against_the_Ottomans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2nd_war_against_the_Ottomans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 2nd war against the Ottomans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2nd_war_against_the_Ottomans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Beginning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_apex_of_military_deeds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_apex_of_military_deeds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 The apex of military deeds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_apex_of_military_deeds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cossack_Rebellion_(1774)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cossack_Rebellion_(1774)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Cossack Rebellion (1774) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cossack_Rebellion_(1774)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cossack Rebellion (1774) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cossack_Rebellion_(1774)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_footsteps_of_Pugachev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_footsteps_of_Pugachev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 In the footsteps of Pugachev </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_footsteps_of_Pugachev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuban_and_Crimea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuban_and_Crimea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Kuban and Crimea </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kuban_and_Crimea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Kuban and Crimea subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Kuban_and_Crimea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kuban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Kuban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimea_(Little_Tartary)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimea_(Little_Tartary)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Crimea (Little Tartary) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimea_(Little_Tartary)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_resettlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_resettlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Christian resettlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_resettlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kherson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kherson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Kherson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kherson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tulchin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tulchin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Tulchin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tulchin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland_(1791–1792)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland_(1791–1792)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Finland (1791–1792) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland_(1791–1792)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Paul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Paul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Relations with Paul </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Paul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_and_Swiss_expedition_of_1799" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_and_Swiss_expedition_of_1799"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Italian and Swiss expedition of 1799 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Italian_and_Swiss_expedition_of_1799-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Italian and Swiss expedition of 1799 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Italian_and_Swiss_expedition_of_1799-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italian_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Italian campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_coverage_of_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_coverage_of_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 General coverage of events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_coverage_of_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_resounding_victories:_Trebbia_and_Novi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_resounding_victories:_Trebbia_and_Novi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 Two resounding victories: Trebbia and Novi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_resounding_victories:_Trebbia_and_Novi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detailed_assessment_of_all_battles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detailed_assessment_of_all_battles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 Detailed assessment of all battles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detailed_assessment_of_all_battles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.4 Campaign environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swiss_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swiss_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Swiss campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swiss_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defeat_of_the_allied_armies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defeat_of_the_allied_armies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 Defeat of the allied armies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defeat_of_the_allied_armies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.2 Early achievements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salvation_and_breakthrough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salvation_and_breakthrough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.3 Salvation and breakthrough </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salvation_and_breakthrough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.4 Consequences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_road_from_Switzerland_to_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_road_from_Switzerland_to_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 On the road from Switzerland to Russia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-On_the_road_from_Switzerland_to_Russia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle On the road from Switzerland to Russia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-On_the_road_from_Switzerland_to_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suvorov,_Nelson,_Coburg,_and_Charles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suvorov,_Nelson,_Coburg,_and_Charles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Suvorov, Nelson, Coburg, and Charles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suvorov,_Nelson,_Coburg,_and_Charles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Petersburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Petersburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 St. Petersburg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Petersburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Military record </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progeny_and_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progeny_and_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Progeny and titles </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Progeny_and_titles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Progeny and titles subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Progeny_and_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Progeny </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Character </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Assessment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Assessment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suvorov's_art_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suvorov's_art_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Suvorov's art of war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suvorov's_art_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suvorov_and_Napoleon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suvorov_and_Napoleon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Suvorov and Napoleon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suvorov_and_Napoleon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Miscellaneous art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1.1 Coins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1.2 Banknotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stamps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stamps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1.3 Stamps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stamps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Literary references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_refs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_refs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Notes and refs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_refs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes and refs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_refs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.2 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Attribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Alexander Suvorov</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="ألكسندر سوفوروف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر سوفوروف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suv%C3%B3rov" title="Aleksandr Suvórov – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aleksandr Suvórov" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Аляксандр Васільевіч Сувораў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр Васільевіч Сувораў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Аляксандар Сувораў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аляксандар Сувораў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александър Суворов – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Суворов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suv%C3%B3rov" title="Aleksandr Suvórov – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aleksandr Suvórov" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Суворов Александр Васильевич – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Суворов Александр Васильевич" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Vasiljevi%C4%8D_Suvorov" title="Alexandr Vasiljevič Suvorov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandr Vasiljevič Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow" title="Alexander Wassiljewitsch Suworow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander Wassiljewitsch Suworow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Αλεξάντερ Σουβόροφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεξάντερ Σουβόροφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suv%C3%B3rov" title="Aleksandr Suvórov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aleksandr Suvórov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="الکساندر سوورف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر سوورف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Souvorov" title="Alexandre Souvorov – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre Souvorov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EC%88%98%EB%B3%B4%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%84" title="알렉산드르 수보로프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산드르 수보로프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Ալեքսանդր Սուվորով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեքսանդր Սուվորով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Wasiljewi%C4%8D_Suworow" title="Aleksander Wasiljewič Suworow – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Aleksander Wasiljewič Suworow" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasiljevi%C4%8D_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Vasiljevič Suvorov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleksandr Vasiljevič Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82" title="Суворов, Александр Василийы фырт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Суворов, Александр Василийы фырт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasil%27evi%C4%8D_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Vasil'evič Suvorov – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aleksandr Vasil'evič Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="אלכסנדר סובורוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר סובורוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ალექსანდრე სუვოროვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსანდრე სუვოროვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Васильевич Суворов – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Александр Васильевич Суворов" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Суворов – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Александр Суворов" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandrs_Suvorovs" title="Aleksandrs Suvorovs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aleksandrs Suvorovs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandras_Suvorovas" title="Aleksandras Suvorovas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aleksandras Suvorovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasil%E2%80%99jevi%C4%8D_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Vasil’jevič Suvorov – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Aleksandr Vasil’jevič Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alekszandr_Vasziljevics_Szuvorov" title="Alekszandr Vasziljevics Szuvorov – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alekszandr Vasziljevics Szuvorov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александар Суворов – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Александар Суворов" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Souvorov" title="Alexandre Souvorov – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alexandre Souvorov" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="الكسندر سوفوروف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر سوفوروف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Васильевич Суворов – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Александр Васильевич Суворов" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Soevorov" title="Aleksandr Soevorov – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aleksandr Soevorov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95" title="アレクサンドル・スヴォーロフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンドル・スヴォーロフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5" title="ਅਲੈਗਜ਼ੈਂਡਰ ਸੁਵਰੋਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲੈਗਜ਼ੈਂਡਰ ਸੁਵਰੋਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasil%27evi%C4%8D_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Vasil'evič Suvorov – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aleksandr Vasil'evič Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suworow" title="Aleksandr Suworow – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksandr Suworow" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexander Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александер Суворов – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Александер Суворов" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Суворов, Александр Васильевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суворов, Александр Васильевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Суворов Александр Васильевич – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Суворов Александр Васильевич" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alexander Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Suvorov" title="Alexandr Vasilievič Suvorov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexandr Vasilievič Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Vasiljevi%C4%8D_Suvorov" title="Aleksander Vasiljevič Suvorov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aleksander Vasiljevič Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александар Суворов – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александар Суворов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Suvorov" title="Aleksandar Suvorov – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aleksandar Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Суворов – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Александр Суворов" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="อะเลคซันดร์ ซูโวรอฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะเลคซันดร์ ซูโวรอฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Suvorov – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aleksandr Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Суворов Олександр Васильович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суворов Олександр Васильович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="الیگزاندر سویروف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیگزاندر سویروف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasilyevich_Suvorov" title="Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="亚历山大·瓦西里耶维奇·苏沃洛夫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚历山大·瓦西里耶维奇·苏沃洛夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E8%98%87%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="亞歷山大·蘇沃洛夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞歷山大·蘇沃洛夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="亚历山大·苏沃洛夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚历山大·苏沃洛夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Russian military commander (1729/30–1800)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Suvorov" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Suvorov (disambiguation)">Suvorov (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alexander Suvorov (disambiguation)">Alexander Suvorov (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is Vasilyevich and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <a href="/wiki/House_of_Suvorov" title="House of Suvorov">Suvorov</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a>, Prince</div> <div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Alexander Suvorov</div> <div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;">Rymniksky</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_by_Schteiben.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Suvorov_by_Schteiben.jpg/250px-Suvorov_by_Schteiben.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Suvorov_by_Schteiben.jpg/375px-Suvorov_by_Schteiben.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Suvorov_by_Schteiben.jpg/500px-Suvorov_by_Schteiben.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1821" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Alexander Suvorov by <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Steuben" title="Charles de Steuben">Charles de Steuben</a> (1815)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname" lang="ru">Александр Васильевич Суворов</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199914-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>General Forward</li> <li>Sword of Russia</li> <li>God of War</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1730-11-24)24 November 1730 Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Governorate" title="Moscow Governorate">Moscow Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 May 1800(1800-05-18) (aged 69) <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Governorate" title="Saint Petersburg Governorate">Saint Petersburg Governorate</a>, Russian Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Church_of_the_Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Annunciation Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Alexander Nevsky Lavra</a>, St. Petersburg</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Alexander_Suvorov&params=59.92093_N_30.388_E_">59°55′15″N 30°23′17″E / 59.92093°N 30.38800°E / 59.92093; 30.38800</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/State_Flag_of_the_Savoyard_States_%28late_16th_-_late_18th_century%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_the_Savoyard_States_%28late_16th_-_late_18th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/State_Flag_of_the_Savoyard_States_%28late_16th_-_late_18th_century%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_the_Savoyard_States_%28late_16th_-_late_18th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/State_Flag_of_the_Savoyard_States_%28late_16th_-_late_18th_century%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_the_Savoyard_States_%28late_16th_-_late_18th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/20px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/30px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/40px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Army_during_the_French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Austrian Army during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars">Imperial Austrian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1745–1800</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Generalissimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalissimus">Generalissimus</a> (Russian Empire) <a href="/wiki/Feldmarschall" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldmarschall">Feldmarschall</a> (Holy Roman Empire)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/11th_Fanagoriysky_Grenadier_Regiment" title="11th Fanagoriysky Grenadier Regiment">11th Fanagoriysky Grenadier Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_and_Swiss_expedition_of_1799" title="Italian and Swiss expedition of 1799">Coalition Forces in Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data">See: <a href="#Military_record">§ Military record</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">See: <a href="#Progeny_and_titles">§ Progeny and titles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_Cadet_Corps" title="First Cadet Corps">First Cadet Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varvara_Ivanovna_Prozorovskaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varvara Ivanovna Prozorovskaya (page does not exist)">Varvara Suvorova</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Суворова, Варвара Ивановна">ru</a>]</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1774)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arkady_Suvorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkady Suvorov">Arkady Suvorov</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natalya_Suvorova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natalya Suvorova (page does not exist)">Natalya Zubova</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Суворова, Наталья Александровна">ru</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatur_Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Signatur_Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow.PNG/100px-Signatur_Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Signatur_Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow.PNG/150px-Signatur_Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Signatur_Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow.PNG/200px-Signatur_Alexander_Wassiljewitsch_Suworow.PNG 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="49" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #369; color: white">Coat of arms of Count Suvorov-Rymniksky, Prince of Italy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_4-7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Suvorov_4-7.png/150px-Suvorov_4-7.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Suvorov_4-7.png/225px-Suvorov_4-7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Suvorov_4-7.png/300px-Suvorov_4-7.png 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="1890" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov-Rymniksky, Prince of Italy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolevoy189713-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a> (24 November [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 13 November] 1729 or 1730 – 18 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 6 May] 1800) was a Russian general and <a href="/wiki/Military_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Military theorist">military theorist</a> in the service of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. Born in Moscow, he studied <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a> as a young boy and joined the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> at the age of 17. Promoted to colonel in 1762 for his successes during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, his victories during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bar_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Bar Confederation">War of the Bar Confederation</a> included the capture of <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> and victories at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orzechowo" title="Battle of Orzechowo">Orzechowo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona#Third_clash_(Battle_of_Lanckorona)" title="Battles of Lanckorona">Lanckorona</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sto%C5%82owicze" title="Battle of Stołowicze">Stołowicze</a>. His reputation rose further when, in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774</a>, he <a href="/wiki/Stormings_of_Turtucaia" title="Stormings of Turtucaia">captured Turtukaya twice</a> and won a decisive victory at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozludzha" title="Battle of Kozludzha">Kozludzha</a>. After a period of little progress, he was promoted to general and led Russian forces in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%9392)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)">Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792</a>, participating in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ochakov_(1788)" title="Siege of Ochakov (1788)">siege of Ochakov</a>, as well as victories at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinburn_(1787)" title="Battle of Kinburn (1787)">Kinburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Focșani">Focșani</a>. Suvorov won a decisive victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rymnik" title="Battle of Rymnik">Battle of Rymnik</a>, and afterwards defeated the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Izmail" title="Siege of Izmail">storming of Izmail</a>. His victories at Focșani and Rymnik established him as the most brilliant general in Russia, if not in all of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth1966164-5">[3]</a> In 1794, he put down the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Polish uprising</a>, defeating them at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">battle of Praga</a> and elsewhere. After <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> died in 1796, her successor <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a> often quarrelled with Suvorov. After a period of ill-favour, Suvorov was recalled to a <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(Russian_Empire)" title="Field marshal (Russian Empire)">field marshal</a> position at the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>. He was given command of the Austro-Russian army, and after a series of victories, such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">battle of the Trebbia</a>, he captured <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, and nearly erased all of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars#Bonaparte's_war" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">Italian conquests of 1796–97</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017107-7">[5]</a> After an Austro-Russian army was defeated in Switzerland, Suvorov, ordered to reinforce them, was cut off by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a> and later surrounded in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a>. His successful extraction of the exhausted, ill-supplied, and heavily-outnumbered Russian army was rewarded by a promotion to <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a>. Masséna himself would later confess that he would exchange all of his victories for Suvorov's passage of the Alps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth1966288-8">[6]</a> Suvorov died in 1800 of illness in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>. He was instrumental in expanding the Russian Empire, as his success ensured Russia's conquering of <a href="/wiki/Kuban" title="Kuban">Kuban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">New Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-9">[7]</a> One of the foremost generals in all of military history, and considered the greatest military commander in Russian history, Suvorov has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in military generalship. Undefeated, he has been described as the best general <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republican France</a> ever fought,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017108-10">[8]</a> and noted as "one of those rare generals who were consistently successful despite suffering from considerable disadvantages."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth196611,_305-11">[9]</a> Suvorov was also admired by his soldiers throughout his whole military life, and was respected for his honest service and truthfulness.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Suvorov" title="House of Suvorov">House of Suvorov</a></div> Alexander Suvorov was born into a noble family originating from <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> at the Moscow mansion in <a href="/wiki/Arbat_District" title="Arbat District">Arbat</a>, given as dowry from his maternal grandfather, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedosey_Manukov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedosey Manukov (page does not exist)">Fedosey Manukov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Мануков, Феодосий Семёнович">ru</a>]. His father, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasily_Suvorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasily Suvorov (page does not exist)">Vasily Ivanovich Suvorov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%84)" class="extiw" title="ru:Суворов, Василий Иванович (генерал-аншеф)">ru</a>], was a <a href="/wiki/General-in-chief" title="General-in-chief">general-in-chief</a> and a senator in the <a href="/wiki/Governing_Senate" title="Governing Senate">Governing Senate</a>, and was credited with translating <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Vauban</a>'s works into Russian.<a href="#cite_note-spalding-13">[11]</a> His mother, Avdotya Fedoseyevna (née Manukova), was the daughter of judge Fedosey Manukov, and was an ethnic Russian.<a href="#cite_note-:11-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> According to a family legend his paternal ancestor named Suvor<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> had emigrated from <a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a>, at the time ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a>, with his family in 1622 and enlisted at the Russian service to serve <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Feodorovich_Romanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Feodorovich Romanov">Michael Feodorovich</a> (his descendants became <a href="/wiki/House_of_Suvorov" title="House of Suvorov">Suvorovs</a>).<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-spalding-13">[11]</a> Suvorov himself narrated for the record the historical account of his family to his aide, colonel <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Anthing" title="Johann Friedrich Anthing">Anthing</a>, telling particularly that his Swedish-born ancestor was of noble descent, having engaged under the Russian banner in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">wars against the Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Polish Wars">Poles</a>. These exploits were rewarded by Tsars with lands and <a href="/wiki/Russian_peasants" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian peasants">peasants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthing18136-18">[16]</a> This version, however, was questioned recently by prominent Russian <a href="/wiki/Linguists" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguists">linguists</a>, professors <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Baskakov_(linguist)" title="Nikolai Baskakov (linguist)">Nikolay Baskakov</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_Superanskaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandra Superanskaya (page does not exist)">Alexandra Superanskaya</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Суперанская, Александра Васильевна">ru</a>], who pointed out that the word Suvorov more likely comes from the ancient Russian male name Suvor based on the adjective suvory, an equivalent of surovy, which means "severe" in Russian. Baskakov also pointed to the fact that the Suvorovs' family <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> lacks any Swedish symbols, implying its Russian origins.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> Among the first of those who pointed to the Russian origin of the name were <a href="/wiki/Empress_Catherine_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Catherine II">Empress Catherine II</a>, who noted in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Ritter_von_Zimmermann" title="Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann">Johann von Zimmerman</a> in 1790: "It is beyond doubt that the name of the Suvorovs has long been noble, is Russian from time immemorial and resides in Russia", and Count <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Vorontsov" title="Semyon Vorontsov">Semyon Vorontsov</a> in 1811, a person familiar with the Suvorovs.<a href="#cite_note-Osipov-20">[18]</a> Their views were supported by later historians: it was estimated that by 1699 there were at least 19 Russian landlord families of the same name in Russia, not counting their namesakes of lower status, and they all could not descend from a single foreigner who arrived only in 1622.<a href="#cite_note-Osipov-20">[18]</a> Moreover, genealogy studies indicated a Russian landowner named Suvor mentioned under the year 1498, whereas documents of the 16th century mention Vasily and Savely Suvorovs, with the last of them being a proven ancestor of General Alexander Suvorov.<a href="#cite_note-Osipov-20">[18]</a> The Swedish version of Suvorov's genealogy had been debunked in the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Родословный сборник русских дворянских фамилий">Genealogical collection of Russian noble families</a> by V. Rummel and V. Golubtsov (1887) tracing Suvorov's ancestors from the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a> gentry.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[19]</a> In 1756 Alexander Suvorov's first cousin, Sergey Ivanovich Suvorov, in his statement of background (skazka) for his son said that he did not have any proof of nobility; he started his genealogy from his great-grandfather, Grigory Ivanovich Suvorov, who served as a dvorovy <a href="/wiki/Boyar_scions" title="Boyar scions">boyar scion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kashin_(town)" title="Kashin (town)">Kashin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hannibal_and_Suvorov.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hannibal_and_Suvorov.png/142px-Hannibal_and_Suvorov.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hannibal_and_Suvorov.png/213px-Hannibal_and_Suvorov.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hannibal_and_Suvorov.png/283px-Hannibal_and_Suvorov.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="329" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov speaking with <a href="/wiki/Abram_Petrovich_Gannibal" title="Abram Petrovich Gannibal">General Gannibal</a>. Spalding</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Childhood">edit</a>]</div> As a boy, Suvorov was a sickly child and his father assumed he would work in civil service as an adult. However, he proved to be an excellent learner, avidly studying mathematics, literature, philosophy, and geography, learning to read French, German, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, and Italian, and with his father's vast library devoted himself to intense study of <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a>, strategy, tactics, and several military authors including <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Curtius" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintus Curtius">Quintus Curtius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Nepos" title="Cornelius Nepos">Cornelius Nepos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a>. This also helped him develop a good understanding of engineering, <a href="/wiki/Siege_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege warfare">siege warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> His father, however, insisted that he was unfit for military affairs. However, when Alexander was young, <a href="/wiki/Abram_Petrovich_Gannibal" title="Abram Petrovich Gannibal">General Gannibal</a> asked to speak to the child, and was so impressed with the boy that he persuaded the father to allow him to pursue the career of his choice.<a href="#cite_note-spalding-13">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early career">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_War" title="Third Silesian War">Third Silesian War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_War" title="Pomeranian War">Pomeranian War</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_military_experience">First military experience</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First military experience">edit</a>]</div> Suvorov entered the military in 1745 and served in the <a href="/wiki/Semenovsky_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenovsky Regiment">Semyonovsky Lifeguard Regiment</a> for nine years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky19004,_7-23">[21]</a> During this period he continued his studies attending classes at <a href="/wiki/Cadet_Corps_(Russia)" title="Cadet Corps (Russia)">Cadet Corps</a> of Land Forces.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> He spent most of his time in the <a href="/wiki/Barrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrack">barracks</a>: the troops loved him, though everyone considered him eccentric.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> Besides, he was sent with diplomatic dispatches to <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>; to carry out these assignments on 16 March 1752, he received a diplomatic courier passport, signed by the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of the Russian Empire">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Bestuzhev-Ryumin" title="Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin">Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipnis202138–40-26">[24]</a> From 1756 to 1758 Alexander next worked on the <a href="/wiki/College_of_War" title="College of War">College of War</a>; from 1758 he was engaged in forming <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">reserve units</a>, and was <a href="/wiki/Commandant" title="Commandant">commandant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Memel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZolotaryov2023-27">[25]</a> Suvorov gained his first battle experience fighting against the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussians</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years'</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_War" title="Third Silesian War">Third Silesian</a> wars (1756–1763).<a href="#cite_note-28">[c]</a> His first skirmish occurred on 25 July 1759 under <a href="/wiki/Crossen_an_der_Oder" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossen an der Oder">Crossen</a>, when Suvorov with a <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">squadron</a> attacked and routed <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dragoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragoons">dragoons</a>;—he was serving in <a href="/wiki/General-Major" class="mw-redirect" title="General-Major">General-Major</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Volkonsky" title="Mikhail Volkonsky">Mikhail Volkonsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexeyev2010-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMikhaylov197353–54-30">[27]</a> The following month Suvorov participated in the complete victory over <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunersdorf" title="Battle of Kunersdorf">battle of Kunersdorf</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky190011-31">[28]</a> after which the so-called <a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_the_House_of_Brandenburg" title="Miracle of the House of Brandenburg">Miracle of the House of Brandenburg</a> happened. At the time when <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Semyonovich_Saltykov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyotr Semyonovich Saltykov">Pyotr Semyonovich Saltykov</a>, upon his <a href="/wiki/Kunersdorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunersdorf">Kunersdorf</a> victory, remained unmoved and did not even send <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> to pursue the fleeing enemy, Suvorov said to <a href="/wiki/William_Fermor" title="William Fermor">William Fermor</a>: "if I were commander-in-chief, I would go to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> right now". Fortunately for Frederick, he faced not Suvorov.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky190011–12-32">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1761">1761</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1761">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koenigsberg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Koenigsberg.png/220px-Koenigsberg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Koenigsberg.png/330px-Koenigsberg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Koenigsberg.png/440px-Koenigsberg.png 2x" data-file-width="2093" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a>. Uniform: 1. <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Infantry_(Imperial_Russia)" title="General of the Infantry (Imperial Russia)">General of the Infantry</a> (Vasily Ivanovich Suvorov); 2. <a href="/wiki/Musketeer" title="Musketeer">Musketeer</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> regiment; 3. <a href="/wiki/Staff_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff officer">Staff officer</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoon</a> regiment (Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov). Kirill S. Vasilyev</figcaption></figure> Then, Alexander served under the command of General-Major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxim Berg (page does not exist)">Maxim Berg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Берг, Максим Васильевич">ru</a>]. Suvorov successfully defended his positions at <a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_im_Eulengebirge" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichenbach im Eulengebirge">Reichenbach</a>, but contrary to his future rules did not pursue the retreating enemy, if the only surviving account of this action is accurate. At the skirmish of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awidnica" title="Świdnica">Schweidnitz</a>, in a third assault, Suvorov managed to take the hill occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Hussar" title="Hussar">hussar</a> <a href="/wiki/Picket_(military)" title="Picket (military)">picket</a>; in this clash 60 Cossacks opposed 100 hussars.<a href="#cite_note-:1-33">[30]</a> For another example, in the combat of <a href="/wiki/Landsberg_an_der_Warthe" class="mw-redirect" title="Landsberg an der Warthe">Landsberg</a> on 15 September 1761, his Cossack-hussar cavalry unit defeated 3 squadrons of the Prussian hussars.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> On leaving the Friedberg Forest, he hit General <a href="/wiki/Dubislav_Friedrich_von_Platen" title="Dubislav Friedrich von Platen">Platen</a>'s side units and took many prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-:1-33">[30]</a> He also fought minor battles at <a href="/wiki/Bunzelwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunzelwitz">Bunzelwitz</a>, Birstein, Weisentine,<a href="#cite_note-35">[d]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kie%C5%82cz" title="Kiełcz">Költsch</a>, and seized the small fortified town of Golnau.<a href="#cite_note-:2-36">[32]</a> After repeatedly distinguishing himself in battle Suvorov will become a colonel in 1762, aged around 33.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> Soon afterwards, following the capture of Golnau, he was given temporary command of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tver_Carabinier_Regiment_(1702)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tver Carabinier Regiment (1702) (page does not exist)">Tver Dragoon Regiment</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA_(1702)" class="extiw" title="ru:Тверской карабинерный полк (1702)">ru</a>] until the regimental commander recovered. Prussian observation detachments had spread far from <a href="/wiki/Kolberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolberg">Kolberg</a>; Berg moved there in two columns, the left he led himself, and the right, which consisted of three Hussar, two Cossack, and Tver Dragoon regiments, he entrusted to Suvorov. In the village of <a href="/wiki/Naugard" class="mw-redirect" title="Naugard">Naugard</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[e]</a> the Prussians positioned themselves with 2 <a href="/wiki/Battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Battalions">battalions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> and a weak dragoon regiment. Forming his unit in two lines, Suvorov began the attack. He felled the dragoons, struck one of the battalions, killed many on the spot and took at least a hundred prisoners. At <a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a>, Suvorov attacked the <a href="/wiki/Rearguard" title="Rearguard">rearguard</a> of Platen, during which Suvorov cut into the enemy cavalry and infantry, during which it was reported that "many were taken and beaten from the enemy".<a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a> Suvorov managed to avoid heavy losses.<a href="#cite_note-:2-36">[32]</a> All the battles described took place at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(Seven_Years%27_War)#Third_siege_(1761)" title="Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)">siege of Kolberg (1761)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freemasonry,_Berlin">Freemasonry, Berlin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Freemasonry, Berlin">edit</a>]</div> It is stated that Suvorov visited Prussian <a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Masonic lodge</a>. But it is doubtful that he himself was ever a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> Just before his career in 1761, he took part in the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Berlin" title="Raid on Berlin">raid on Berlin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Zakhar_Chernyshev" title="Zakhar Chernyshev">Zakhar Chernyshev</a>'s forces (one year after the Kunersdorf). Suvorov took in a young boy, took care of him during the whole <a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">campaign</a>, and on arrival at the quarters sent to the widow, the boy's mother, a letter reading:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky190012-42">[37]</a> <blockquote>"Dear mother, your little son is safe with me. If you want to leave him with me, he will not lack anything and I will take care of him as if he were my own son. If you wish to keep him with you, you can take him from here or write me where to send him."</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wars_against_Poland–Lithuania">Wars against Poland–Lithuania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wars against Poland–Lithuania">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution_of_the_Bar_Confederation_(1768–1772)">Dissolution of the Bar Confederation (1768–1772)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dissolution of the Bar Confederation (1768–1772)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outbreak_of_war_and_setbacks">Outbreak of war and setbacks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Outbreak of war and setbacks">edit</a>]</div> Suvorov next served in <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Bar">Confederation of Bar</a>. Leading a unit of the army of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Ivanovich_Weymarn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Ivanovich Weymarn (page does not exist)">Ivan Ivanovich Weymarn</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Веймарн, Иван Иванович">ru</a>], he dispersed the Polish forces under <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Pu%C5%82aski" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazimierz Pułaski">Pułaski</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orzechowo" title="Battle of Orzechowo">at Orzechowo</a>, captured <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> (1768), overthrew the Poles of Moszyński near <a href="/wiki/Nawodzice" title="Nawodzice">Nawodzice</a> in the spring of 1770, before defeating Moszyński's Polish troops at <a href="/wiki/Opat%C3%B3w" title="Opatów">Opatów</a> in July.<a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a> The following year Alexander Suvorov won a small combat with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Charles Dumouriez</a>'s army at <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona#First_clash_(Combat_of_Lanckorona)" title="Battles of Lanckorona">Lanckorona</a>, but he failed in the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona#Second_clash_(Storming_of_the_Lanckorona_Castle)" title="Battles of Lanckorona">storming of the Lanckorona Castle</a>, being injured here; and then on 20 May 1771, he <a href="/wiki/Action_of_the_Tyniec_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of the Tyniec Abbey">unsuccessfully stormed</a> the mountain near <a href="/wiki/Tyniec" title="Tyniec">Tyniec Abbey</a>, which included a strong <a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">redoubt</a> enclosed by a <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trou_de_loup" title="Trou de loup">trous de loup</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrov1874222-44">[39]</a> and strengthened with two guns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky190048–49-45">[40]</a> The Russians under Suvorov and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> Shepelev captured the fortification twice, but were beaten back. Fearing to lose a lot of troops and time, Suvorov retreated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrov1874222-44">[39]</a> It were among the few tactical setbacks in his career, however, these were not field engagements. Slightly earlier than at Tyniec, however, Suvorov had won small victories over the Confederates at <a href="/wiki/Annopol-Rach%C3%B3w" title="Annopol-Rachów">Rachów</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kra%C5%9Bnik" title="Kraśnik">Kraśnik</a> (27 & 28 February 1771), capturing an entire <a href="/wiki/Wagon_train" title="Wagon train">wagon train</a> in the first of these clashes. By a "happy coincidence", Suvorov survived in it. After their failure at the <a href="/wiki/Lanckorona_Castle" title="Lanckorona Castle">Lanckorona Castle</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=62nd_Suzdal_Infantry_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="62nd Suzdal Infantry Regiment (page does not exist)">Suzdals</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_62-%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Суздальский 62-й пехотный полк">ru</a>] restored their reputation in Suvorov's eyes, not only at Kraśnik but also in Rachów. He wrote to Weymarn:<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a> <blockquote>The infantry acted with great subordination, and I made my peace with them.</blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Wawel_Royal_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Wawel Royal Castle">Wawel Royal Castle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a> pass their swords to Alexander V. Suvorov; author I. D. Schubert</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retaliatory_strike">Retaliatory strike</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Retaliatory strike">edit</a>]</div> Follow-up clashes rectify Suvorov's situation: the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona#Third_clash_(Battle_of_Lanckorona)" title="Battles of Lanckorona">battle of Lanckorona</a> one day after an incident at Tyniec, where Dumouriez, the future hero of the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French Republic</a>, was severely defeated; the combat of <a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a> on 22 May 1771;<a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sto%C5%82owicze" title="Battle of Stołowicze">battle of Stołowicze</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Krak%C3%B3w_Castle" title="Siege of Kraków Castle">siege of the Wawel Castle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraków Castle">Kraków Castle</a>), where the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a>, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess</a> Gabriel de Claude, made a <a href="/wiki/Sortie" title="Sortie">sortie</a> from the fortifications, and a force of Tyniec moved towards them – the Poles and their French allies were "defeated by brutal shooting and put to flight",<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> paving the way for the <a href="/wiki/First_partition_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="First partition of Poland">first partition of Poland</a> between <a href="/wiki/Danubian_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Danubian monarchy">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-readerscomp-49">[44]</a> Suvorov meanwhile reached the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general">major-general</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_near_Praga_1794.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Suvorov_near_Praga_1794.JPG/230px-Suvorov_near_Praga_1794.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Suvorov_near_Praga_1794.JPG/345px-Suvorov_near_Praga_1794.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Suvorov_near_Praga_1794.JPG/460px-Suvorov_near_Praga_1794.JPG 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov near <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>; by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chodowiecki" title="Daniel Chodowiecki">Daniel Chodowiecki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_entering_Warsaw_1794.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Suvorov_entering_Warsaw_1794.PNG/230px-Suvorov_entering_Warsaw_1794.PNG" decoding="async" width="230" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Suvorov_entering_Warsaw_1794.PNG/345px-Suvorov_entering_Warsaw_1794.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Suvorov_entering_Warsaw_1794.PNG/460px-Suvorov_entering_Warsaw_1794.PNG 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov entering <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> in 1794</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battles_against_Polish_uprising_(1794)">Battles against Polish uprising (1794)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Battles against Polish uprising (1794)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turning_victories">Turning victories</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Turning victories">edit</a>]</div> More than two years after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ia%C8%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Iași">treaty of Iași (Jassy)</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, Suvorov was yet again transferred to Poland where he assumed the command of one of the corps and led the victorious battles of <a href="/wiki/Dyvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyvin">Dywin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobryn" title="Kobryn">Kobryń</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krupczyce" title="Battle of Krupczyce">Krupczyce</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1794)" title="Battle of Brest (1794)">battle of Brest</a> where he vanquished the forces of the Polish commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karol_Sierakowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karol Sierakowski (page does not exist)">Karol Sierakowski</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Sierakowski" class="extiw" title="pl:Karol Sierakowski">pl</a>]; afterwards, Suvorov won the battle <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koby%C5%82ka" title="Battle of Kobyłka">at Kobyłka</a>. The cavalry attacks at <a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koby%C5%82ka" title="Kobyłka">Kobyłka</a> resemble of Suvorov's offence at <a href="/wiki/Lanckorona" title="Lanckorona">Lanckorona</a> 22 years earlier, which ended in the defeat of Dumouriez. The battle showed that there was stability in his tactical rules, and he did not act on momentary impulse.<a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a> Suvorov was praised and exalted, anecdotes were told about him, his letters were quoted. It became known that he wrote a letter to <a href="/wiki/Platon_Zubov" title="Platon Zubov">Platon Zubov</a>, in which, congratulating Zubov "with local victories," he proceeded: "I recommend to your favour my brothers and children, squires of the Great Catherine, who is so illustrious thanks to them". Suvorov sent to his daughter poems, where he described his working life:<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> <blockquote>The heavens have given us Twenty-four hours. I do not indulge my fate, But sacrifice it to my Monarch, And to end [die] suddenly, I sleep and eat when at leisure. Hello, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natalya_Suvorova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natalya Suvorova (page does not exist)">Natasha</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Суворова, Наталья Александровна">ru</a>] and her household.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Triumph_and_tragedy_in_Praga">Triumph and tragedy in Praga</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Triumph and tragedy in Praga">edit</a>]</div> On 4 November 1794, Suvorov's forces stormed <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, held by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Zaj%C4%85czek" title="Józef Zajączek">Józef Zajączek</a>'s troops, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">captured Praga</a>, one of its boroughs (a suburb or the so-called <a href="/wiki/Faubourg" title="Faubourg">faubourg</a>). The massacre of 12,000<a href="#cite_note-Petrush-52">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[f]</a> civilians in Praga broke the spirits of the defenders and soon put an end to the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a>. During the event, Russian forces looted and burned the entire borough. This carnage was committed by the troops in revenge for the slaughter of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> in Warsaw during the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_(1794)" title="Warsaw Uprising (1794)">Warsaw Uprising in April 1794</a>, when up to 4,000 Russian soldiers died.<a href="#cite_note-55">[49]</a> According to some sources<a href="#cite_note-Bushko-56">[50]</a> the massacre was the deed of <a href="/wiki/Cossack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack">Cossacks</a> who were semi-independent and were not directly subordinate to Suvorov. Suvorov supposedly tried to stop the massacre and even went to the extent of ordering the destruction of the bridge to Warsaw over the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula River</a><a href="#cite_note-Petrush2-57">[51]</a> with the purpose of preventing the spread of violence to Warsaw from its suburb. Other historians dispute this,<a href="#cite_note-Tazbir-58">[52]</a> but most sources make no reference to Suvorov either deliberately encouraging or attempting to prevent the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-How-61">[55]</a> "I have shed rivers of blood," the troubled Suvorov confessed, "and this horrifies me".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> A total of 11,000 to 13,000 Poles were taken prisoner (approximately 450 <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a>), including captured with weapons, unarmed and wounded. Of the men taken alive and wounded, more than 6,000 were sent home; up to 4,000 were sent to <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, – from the <a href="/wiki/Regular_army" title="Regular army">regular army</a>, without the <a href="/wiki/Scythemen" title="Scythemen">scythemen</a>, who were set at liberty with other non-military men.<a href="#cite_note-Petrush-52">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rzez_Pragi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rzez_Pragi.jpg/220px-Rzez_Pragi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rzez_Pragi.jpg/330px-Rzez_Pragi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rzez_Pragi.jpg/440px-Rzez_Pragi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Praga" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre of Praga">Massacre of Praga</a>, uncontrolled by Suvorov. It is considered a personal revenge of the enraged Russian soldiers for <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_(1794)" title="Warsaw Uprising (1794)">Warsaw Uprising</a> events. <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Or%C5%82owski" title="Aleksander Orłowski">Aleksander Orłowski</a></figcaption></figure> Many writers call the storming of <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> a simple slaughterhouse. As historian <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Petrushevsky" title="Alexander Petrushevsky">Alexander Petrushevsky</a> notes, Suvorov's <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle" title="Order of battle">dispositions of the troops</a> were characterised by remarkable thoroughness; such was that of Praga according to Petrushevsky. "It is homogeneous with the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Izmail" title="Siege of Izmail">Izmailian</a> at its core and identical to it in many basic details. Both show a remarkable military calculation, which includes not only figures, but knowledge of the enemy's character, properties and general strength, a correct estimation of their own resources, moral and material, and a choice of means based on these data. But even more than the plan (the storming programme), what is striking is its execution, in which some features of the plan turned out to be additional steps to the Russian victory. Only troops who are perfectly trained and between whom and their leader there is complete harmony can act in this way".<a href="#cite_note-Petrush-52">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Culmination,_impact_of_campaign">Culmination, impact of campaign</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culmination, impact of campaign">edit</a>]</div> Despite early successes on a battlefield, the organizer of the <a href="/wiki/Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising">uprising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a>, was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossack</a> general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyodor_Denisov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyodor Denisov (page does not exist)">Fyodor P. Denisov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Денисов, Фёдор Петрович">ru</a>] at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">battle of Maciejowice</a>, where Kościuszko was defeated at the hand of <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fersen" title="Ivan Fersen">Fersen's</a> larger forces. Suvorov's and other Russians' victories led to the <a href="/wiki/Third_partition_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Third partition of Poland">third partition of Poland</a>. He sent a report to his sovereign consisting of only three words:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBantysh-Kamensky1840136-62">[56]</a> <blockquote>"Hurrah, Warsaw's ours!" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Ура, Варшава наша!)</blockquote> Catherine replied in two words:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBantysh-Kamensky1840136-62">[56]</a> <blockquote>"Hurrah, Field-Marshal!" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Ура, фельдмаршал! – that is, awarding him this rank)</blockquote> The newly appointed <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a> remained in Poland until 1795, when he returned to Saint Petersburg. But his sovereign and friend Catherine died in 1796, and her son and successor <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a> dismissed the veteran in disgrace.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wars_with_the_Ottoman_Empire">Wars with the Ottoman Empire</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Wars with the Ottoman Empire">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1st_war_against_the_Ottomans">1st war against the Ottomans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1st war against the Ottomans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_of_1768%E2%80%931774" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774">Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Developments">Developments</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Developments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Battle of <a href="/wiki/Kozludzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozludzha">Kozludzha</a> (now Suvorovo in memory of Suvorov's victory). <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Anthing" title="Johann Friedrich Anthing">Johann Friedrich Anthing</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1768%E2%80%931774" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774">Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774</a> saw his first successful campaigns against the Turks between 1773 and 1774, and particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozluca" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kozluca">battle of Kozludža (1774)</a>; Suvorov laid the foundations of his reputation there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> During the same conflict, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy" title="Imperial Russian Navy">Imperial Russian Navy</a> triumphed over the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Navy" title="Ottoman Navy">Ottoman Navy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chesma" title="Battle of Chesma">battle of Cheshme</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rumyantsev" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Rumyantsev">Peter (Pyotr) Rumyantsev</a>, likewise one of the most capable Russian commanders of the <a href="/wiki/Era#Historiography" title="Era">era</a> as per statistician <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bodart" title="Gaston Bodart">Gaston Bodart</a> and historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=K._Osipov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. Osipov (page does not exist)">K. Osipov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Куперман, Иосиф Миронович">ru</a>], routed the Ottomans at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kagul" title="Battle of Kagul">battle of Kagul</a>. Petrushevsky states the following: "The battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Larga" title="Battle of Larga">Larga</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fme" title="Çeşme">Chesma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cahul" title="Cahul">Kagul</a> were balm for the Russian heart of Suvorov, but at the same time a vexation stirred up in him from the fact that he had not participated there. While in Poland, Suvorov's displeasure, inflated by his self-love and unsatisfied thirst for activity, was fed by news from the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of war">theatre of war</a>. There was (or he thought there was) what he wanted, that "comfort" about which he wrote to <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Bulgakov" title="Yakov Bulgakov">Yakov Bulgakov</a> in January 1771. Especially strong was to ignite in Suvorov is the desire to go to the main army after <a href="/wiki/1770_in_Russia" title="1770 in Russia">its glorious deeds of 1770</a>". It was then that he had already started pushing for a transfer from Poland to Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> His later earned victories against the Ottomans bolstered the morale of his soldiers who were usually outnumbered, such as the <a href="/wiki/Stormings_of_Turtucaia" title="Stormings of Turtucaia">stormings of Turtukaya</a> from 21 May to 28 June 1773, and the repelling of the <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_Hirsovo" title="Storming of Hirsovo">assault on Hirsovo fortress</a> with a subsequent counterattack on 14 September that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1912323–325-64">[58]</a> In Suvorov's first <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tutrakan" title="Tutrakan">Turtukaya</a> the troops pulled up to the <a href="/wiki/Land_lot" title="Land lot">tract</a> of <a href="/wiki/Olteni%C8%9Ba" title="Oltenița">Oltenița</a>, not far from the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, waiting for dawn. Suvorov stayed at the <a href="/wiki/Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">outposts</a>, wrapped himself in a cloak and went to bed not far from the Danube shore. It was not yet daybreak when he heard loud shouts: "alla, alla"; jumping to his feet, he saw several Turkish horsemen, who with raised sabres were rushing towards him. He had barely time to jump on his horse and gallop away. <a href="/wiki/Carabinier" title="Carabinier">Carabiniers</a> were immediately sent to assist the attacked Cossacks, and those first-mentioned attacked the Turks in the flank, while they, having struck down the Cossacks, carried on to the heights. The Turks were repulsed, throwing themselves to the ships and hurriedly departed from the shore; there were only 900 of them, of whom 85 were killed, more were sunk; several men were taken prisoners, including the chief of the detachment. According to the testimony of the prisoners Suvorov managed to find out how many men were in the Turtukaya stronghold,<a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a> and following its capture, even before sunrise, Suvorov wrote in pencil on a small piece of paper and sent to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-General">Lieutenant-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Saltykov" title="Ivan Saltykov">Count Ivan Saltykov</a>, in whose <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a> he served, the following short report: "Your <a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a>, we have won; thank God, thank you". Suvorov also sent another report to the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> Rumyantsev, consisting of couplets:<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov193947-67">[61]</a> <blockquote>Glory to God, glory to you, Turtukaya is taken and I am there too.</blockquote> The war ended with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">treaty of Küçük Kaynarca</a>. Suvorov's astuteness in war was uncanny and he also proved a self-willed subordinate who acted upon his own initiative. Rumyantsev's putting Suvorov on trial for his arbitrary reconnaissance of Turtukaya belongs to the realm of pure fiction. Rumyantsev was not dissatisfied with Suvorov, but with Ivan Saltykov.<a href="#cite_note-P154155-68">[62]</a> There was inactivity in <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> after Suvorov's initial capture of Turtukaya; Saltykov did not take advantage of the successful Turtukaya engagement despite the insistence of Rumyantsev; and Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Lines_of_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Lines of communication">communications</a> on the Danube became unimpeded. Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kamensky" title="Mikhail Kamensky">Mikhail Kamensky</a>, with whose help Suvorov defeated the Turks at <a href="/wiki/Kozludzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozludzha">Kozludzha</a>, not liking Suvorov, at the same time teased Ivan Saltykov with the mention of Alexander Vasilyevich. In one "decent, but rather unpleasant" letter to Saltykov, he amuses himself about the second Turtukaya victory of Suvorov and the inaction of Saltykov himself.<a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a> Plus, a little earlier several reconnaissances had been made from Saltykov's division and one of them very unsuccessful. Colonel Prince <a href="/wiki/Repnin" title="Repnin">Repnin</a> was taken prisoner with 3 <a href="/wiki/Staff_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff officers">staff officers</a>, more than 200 Russians were killed and missing, 2 ships, and 2 cannons were recaptured.<a href="#cite_note-P154155-68">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2nd_war_against_the_Ottomans">2nd war against the Ottomans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2nd war against the Ottomans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_of_1787%E2%80%931792" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792">Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beginning">Beginning</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Beginning">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_fall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Suvorov_fall.jpg/260px-Suvorov_fall.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Suvorov_fall.jpg/390px-Suvorov_fall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Suvorov_fall.jpg/520px-Suvorov_fall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1433" /></a><figcaption>A wounded Suvorov saved by <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">Grenadier</a> Novikov at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinburn_(1787)" title="Battle of Kinburn (1787)">Battle of Kinburn</a>. From Generalissimo Prince Suvorov, composed by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Petrushevsky" title="Alexander Petrushevsky">Alexander F. Petrushevsky</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Stasyulevich" title="Mikhail Stasyulevich">M. M. Stasyulevich</a> <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">Press</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/260px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/390px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/520px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2757" data-file-height="1844" /></a><figcaption>Struggle around the <a href="/wiki/Kinburn_Spit" title="Kinburn Spit">Kinburn Spit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian_von_Mechel" title="Christian von Mechel">Christian von Mechel</a></figcaption></figure> From 1787 to 1791, under the overall command of <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Alexandrovich_Potemkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin">Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin</a>, he again fought the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Turks</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1787%E2%80%931792" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War, 1787–1792">Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792</a> and won many victories; he was wounded twice at the hard-won <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kinburn_(1787)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Kinburn (1787)">Kinburn</a> <a href="/wiki/Engagement_(military)" title="Engagement (military)">engagement</a> (1787) and saved only thanks to the intervention of the <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">grenadier</a> Stepan Novikov. Novikov heard the call of his chief, threw himself at the Turks; he stabbed one, shot another and turned to the third, but that one fled, and with him the rest. The retreating Russian grenadiers noticed Suvorov and shouted: "Brothers, the general stayed in front", – rushed again upon the Ottomans. The fight resumed, and the bewildered Turkish soldiers began again to rapidly lose one <a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">trench</a> after another.<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> Suvorov suffered greatly from grievous wounds and huge loss of blood; although he kept on his feet, he often fainted, and this went on for a month.<a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a> Suvorov was also soon involved in the costly <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ochakov_(1788)" title="Siege of Ochakov (1788)">siege of Ochakov (Özi)</a>. Energetic and courageous as usual, Alexander Suvorov proposed to take the fortress by storm, but Potemkin was cautious. "That's not how we beat the Poles and the Turks," Suvorov said in a close group of people; "one look will not take the fortress. If you had listened to me, <a href="/wiki/Ochakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochakov">Ochakov</a> would have been in our hands long ago".<a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a> The siege that took place was <a href="/wiki/Naval_actions_at_the_Siege_of_Ochakov_(1788)" title="Naval actions at the Siege of Ochakov (1788)">supported by a blockade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotilla</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_von_Nassau-Siegen" title="Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen">Charles Henri de Nassau-Siegen</a> under <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">John Paul Jones</a>, a renowned fighter for <a href="/wiki/American_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American independence">American independence</a>. After a fierce <a href="/wiki/Naval_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval combat">naval combat</a>, the Russian rowing vessels surrounded the <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> and took it; only <a href="/wiki/Kapudan_Pasha" title="Kapudan Pasha">Kapudan-ı Derya</a> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Pasha_of_Algiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan Pasha of Algiers">Hasan Pasha</a> managed to escape.<a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> However, when great damage was done to the Ottoman fortress plus fleet, "as if inviting" the besiegers to storm, Potemkin still continued the siege, which Rumyantsev wryly called the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Troy">siege of Troy</a>, and Suvorov described in couplet that he was: <blockquote>Sitting on a stone so cold, Watching Ochakov as of old.<a href="#cite_note-75">[g]</a></blockquote> The mortality rate was extreme, from one cold 30–40 people a day: the soldiers were stiff in their <a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">dugouts</a>, suffering terrible want of essentials, and so were the horses. During Potemkin's visit to the camp, the soldiers took the courage to personally ask him to storm, but this did not work. At last there was a deafening murmur among the whole army. Only having reached such a hopeless situation Potemkin decided to storm, setting it for 17 December,<a href="#cite_note-76">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov193976-77">[70]</a> in which Suvorov did not participate due to a bullet wound that penetrated his neck and stopped at the back of his head. This happened during a successful Ottoman sortie from the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-78">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Portrait_of_Count_Alexander_Suvorov_-_WGA12281.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Portrait_of_Count_Alexander_Suvorov_-_WGA12281.jpg/200px-Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Portrait_of_Count_Alexander_Suvorov_-_WGA12281.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Portrait_of_Count_Alexander_Suvorov_-_WGA12281.jpg/300px-Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Portrait_of_Count_Alexander_Suvorov_-_WGA12281.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Portrait_of_Count_Alexander_Suvorov_-_WGA12281.jpg/400px-Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Portrait_of_Count_Alexander_Suvorov_-_WGA12281.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>A.V. Suvorov by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kreutzinger" title="Joseph Kreutzinger">Joseph Kreutzinger</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_apex_of_military_deeds">The apex of military deeds</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: The apex of military deeds">edit</a>]</div> In 1789, after the joint Russian and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg</a> victorious <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Focșani">battle of Focșani</a>, he and the talented <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Empire">Austro</a>-<a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavarian</a> general <a href="/wiki/Josias_of_Coburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Josias of Coburg">Josias of Coburg</a> fought most decisive victories in their career. First at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rymnik" title="Battle of Rymnik">battle of Rymnik</a>, where, despite the vast inferiority in numbers (a Russian–Austrian force of 25,000 against 100,000 Turks), Suvorov persuaded the Austrian commander to attack;<a href="#cite_note-80">[72]</a> with the bold <a href="/wiki/Flanking_maneuver" title="Flanking maneuver">flanking maneuver</a> of Suvorov and the resilience of the Austrians, together they routed the Ottoman army within a few hours, losing only 500 men in the process. Suvorov earned the nickname "General Forward" in the ranks of the Austrian corps for the latter victory; the word combination came to his attention and gave him sincere pleasure, as he later recalled this martial assessment of his person, smugly grinning.<a href="#cite_note-81">[73]</a> Suvorov's <a href="/wiki/11th_Fanagoriysky_Grenadier_Regiment" title="11th Fanagoriysky Grenadier Regiment">11th Fanagoriysky Grenadier Regiment</a> was formed from soldiers who took part at Rymnik. Catherine the Great, in turn, made Suvorov a count with the name <a href="/wiki/Victory_title" title="Victory title">Rymniksky</a> (or Rimniksky<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-82">[74]</a>) as a <a href="/wiki/Victory_title" title="Victory title">victory title</a> in addition to his own name, and the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> made him a count of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> The second one came at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Izmail" title="Siege of Izmail">storming of Izmail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> on 22 December 1790. On 20 December Suvorov convened a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_war" title="Council of war">military council</a>. Petrushevsky writes as follows: "Suvorov had nothing to consult about, but by doing so, he acted on the basis of the law and used this means to communicate his decision to others, to make his view their view, his conviction – their conviction." Petrushevsky further observes: "This is very difficult for ordinary commanders who do not tower over their subordinates in anything other than their position; but easy for such as Suvorov. There is no need for ranting, or intricately woven evidence; it is the winning authority that persuades, the unbending will that fascinates". Suvorov spoke a little in council and nevertheless brought everyone into raptures, he enthralled the very people who a few days ago considered the same assault unrealisable. The youngest of those present, Brigadier <a href="/wiki/Matvei_Platov" title="Matvei Platov">Platov</a>, said the word assault, and the decision to assault was taken by all 13 persons without exception. The council determined:<a href="#cite_note-83">[75]</a> <blockquote>"approaching Izmail, according to the disposition to storm it without delay, in order to give the enemy no time for further strengthening, and therefore there is no need for reference to his lordship the commander-in-chief [Grigory Potemkin]. <a href="/wiki/Serasker" title="Serasker">Serasker</a>'s request is to be refused. The siege must not be turned into a blockade. Retreat is reprehensible to <a href="/wiki/Her_Imperial_Majesty" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Imperial Majesty">Her Imperial Majesty</a>'s victorious troops. By virtue of chapter fourteen of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_Forces_Regulations_of_Peter_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Land Forces Regulations of Peter I (page does not exist)">the military regulations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_I" class="extiw" title="ru:Воинский устав Петра I">ru</a>]."</blockquote> Turkish forces inside the fortress had the orders to stand their ground to the end and haughtily declined the Russian <a href="/wiki/Ultimatum" title="Ultimatum">ultimatum</a>. Despite the fact that <a href="/wiki/Aydoslu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Aydoslu Mehmed Pasha">Mehmed Pasha</a> was a resolute and firm commander, and inflicted serious losses on the Russians, his army was destroyed. Their defeat was seen as a major catastrophe in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military history">Russian military history</a> there has never been a similar instantaneous storming of a fortress in terms of numbers and casualties as that of Izmail, much less without a proper siege. An unofficial Russian national anthem in the late 18th and early 19th centuries "<a href="/wiki/Grom_pobedy,_razdavaysya!" class="mw-redirect" title="Grom pobedy, razdavaysya!">Grom pobedy, razdavaysya!</a>" ("Let the Thunder of Victory Rumble!"; by <a href="/wiki/Gavrila_Derzhavin" title="Gavrila Derzhavin">Gavrila Derzhavin</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Koz%C5%82owski" title="Józef Kozłowski">Józef Kozłowski</a>) immortalized Suvorov's victory and 24 December is today commemorated as a <a href="/wiki/Days_of_Military_Honour" title="Days of Military Honour">Day of Military Honour</a> in Russia. In this war <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Ushakov" title="Fyodor Ushakov">Fyodor Ushakov</a> also won many famous naval victories, as in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tendra" title="Battle of Tendra">battle of Tendra</a>, which deprived the Ottomans of Izmail's support from the Danube. Suvorov announced the capture of Ismail in 1791 to the Empress Catherine in a <a href="/wiki/Doggerel" title="Doggerel">doggerel</a> couplet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwin1998-84">[76]</a> The war ended with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jassy" title="Treaty of Jassy">treaty of Jassy</a>. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:794px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The capture of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of General-in-Chief A. V. Suvorov on 11 December 1791, Mikhail Ivanov"><img alt="Storming of Izmail in 1791" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/786px-%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="786" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/1179px-%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/1572px-%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="867" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" title="File:Взятие Измаила. Иванов.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The capture of <a href="/wiki/Izmail" title="Izmail">Izmail</a> by Russian troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/General-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="General-in-Chief">General-in-Chief</a> A. V. Suvorov on 11 December 1791, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Matveevich_Ivanov" title="Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov">Mikhail Ivanov</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cossack_Rebellion_(1774)">Cossack Rebellion (1774)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cossack Rebellion (1774)">edit</a>]</div> From 1774 to 1797, Suvorov stayed and served in Russia itself, that is, in <a href="/wiki/Transvolga" title="Transvolga">Transvolga</a> or "Zavolzhye", in <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kremenchug" class="mw-redirect" title="Kremenchug">Kremenchug</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> capital <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a>, or, more accurately, <a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Little Tartary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuban" title="Kuban">Kuban</a> which is in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a>); in the recently former <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tulchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulchin">Tulchin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobrin">Kobrin</a>); and in the <a href="/wiki/Vyborg_Governorate" title="Vyborg Governorate">Vyborg Governorate</a>, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Finland">Swedish Finland</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_footsteps_of_Pugachev">In the footsteps of Pugachev</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In the footsteps of Pugachev">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a></div> In 1774, Suvorov was dispatched to suppress <a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a>, whose leader <a href="/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachev" title="Yemelyan Pugachev">Yemelyan Pugachev</a> claimed to be the assassinated Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia" title="Peter III of Russia">Peter III</a>. Count <a href="/wiki/Petr_Ivanovich_Panin" title="Petr Ivanovich Panin">Pyotr Panin</a>, appointed for operations against Pugachev, asked to appoint a general to assist him, who could replace him in case of illness or death. On the very day of the news' arrival of Pugachev's passage to the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, Rumyantsev sent orders – to send Suvorov to Moscow as soon as possible. Suvorov, who was in <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, immediately rushed out at full speed, met in Moscow with his wife and father. On the order left by Panin, in one caftan and without luggage, raced to the village of <a href="/wiki/Ukholovo" title="Ukholovo">Ukholovo</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Shatsk,_Russia" title="Shatsk, Russia">Shatsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pereyaslavl_Ryazansky" class="mw-redirect" title="Pereyaslavl Ryazansky">Pereyaslavl Ryazansky</a>. He arrived in Ukholovo on September 3 (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">NS</a>), just at the time when Panin received notice of Alexander Vasilyevich's appointment. Panin gave him broad powers and ordered the military and civil authorities – to execute all Suvorov's orders.<a href="#cite_note-85">[77]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simonov_Pugachev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Simonov_Pugachev.jpg/400px-Simonov_Pugachev.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Simonov_Pugachev.jpg/600px-Simonov_Pugachev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Simonov_Pugachev.jpg/800px-Simonov_Pugachev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> Ivan Yakovlevich Simonov, <a href="/wiki/Commandant" title="Commandant">commandant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yaitsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaitsk">Yaitsk</a>, transfers <a href="/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachev" title="Yemelyan Pugachev">Y. I. Pugachev</a> to A. V. Suvorov on September 16, 1774. By <a href="/wiki/Christian_Gottlieb_Geyser" title="Christian Gottlieb Geyser">Christian Gottlieb Geyser</a>.</figcaption></figure> After receiving instructions, Suvorov the same day set out on the road, in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Arzamas" title="Arzamas">Arzamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a> to <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, with a small escort of 50 men. Panin reported to the Empress on the rapid performance of his new subordinate, which "promised in the circumstances of the time a lot of good ahead and therefore worthy of attention". Thanking him for such zeal and speed, the Empress granted him 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Chervonets" title="Chervonets">chervonets</a> to equip the crew. Reaching Saratov, Suvorov learned that tireless <a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Michelsohnen" title="Johann von Michelsohnen">Ivan Mikhelson</a>, who "like a shadow" followed everywhere after Pugachev and repeatedly defeated him, again defeated him badly. Strengthening his detachment here, Suvorov hurried to <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Tsaritsyn</a>, but a lot of horses went to Pugachev, there was a lack of them, and Suvorov was forced to continue the journey by water. Defeated by Mikhelson, Pugachev slipped away; having somehow crossed the Volga with a small number of his loyalists, he disappeared into the vast <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>. Hasty arrival of Suvorov in Tsaritsyn drew the attention of the Empress, who announced her pleasure to Count Panin. But Suvorov was still essentially late. However, Suvorov did not stop it, he assigned to his detachment 2 <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">squadrons</a>, 2 Cossack <a href="/wiki/Sotnia" title="Sotnia">sotnias</a>, using horses captured by Mikhelson put on horseback 300 infantrymen, seized 2 light guns, and after spending less than a day on it all, crossed the Volga. Apparently, for reconnaissance on the rebels, he first moved upriver, came to a large village, which kept the Pugachev side, took 50 oxen, and then seeing that around the quiet, turned to the steppe. This vast steppe, which stretched for several hundred km., desolate, woodless, homeless, was a "dead desert, where even without the enemy's weapons was threatened with death". Suvorov had very little bread; he ordered to kill, salt and bake on fire some of the taken cattle and use the slices of meat for people instead of bread, as he did in the last campaign of the Seven Years' War. Thus secured for some time, Suvorov's detachment went deeper into the steppe. "They followed the sun by day and the stars by night; there were no roads, they followed the traces and moved as fast as they could, not paying attention to any atmospheric changes, because there was no place to hide from them". In different places Suvorov was overtaken and joined by several detachments, who went before him from Tsaritsyn; on 23 September, he came to the <a href="/wiki/Maly_Uzen" title="Maly Uzen">Maly Uzen</a> River, divided his squad into four parts and went to the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Uzen" title="Bolshoy Uzen">Bolshoy Uzen</a> in different directions. Soon they stumbled on Pugachev's trail; they found out that Pugachev was here in the morning, that his men, seeing an unstoppable pursuit, lost faith in the success of their cause, revolted, tied Pugachev and took him to <a href="/wiki/Yaitsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaitsk">Yaitsk</a>, to extradite the leader to save themselves. And indeed Pugachev was arrested, as it turned out later, at this time, some 53 km (33 mi) from Suvorov.<a href="#cite_note-86">[78]</a> Suvorov arrived at the scene only in time to conduct the first interrogation of the rebel leader, but Suvorov missed the chance to defeat him in battle, who had been betrayed by his fellow Cossacks and was eventually beheaded in Moscow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kuban_and_Crimea">Kuban and Crimea</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Kuban and Crimea">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuban">Kuban</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Kuban">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kuban_Nogai_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuban Nogai Uprising">Kuban Nogai Uprising</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/250px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/375px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/500px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogai</a> <a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">rebellion</a>. Johann F. Anthing</figcaption></figure> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a> became independent of the Ottomans, but in fact became a Russian <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> (1774 to 1783). The Russian-imposed <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eahin_Giray" title="Şahin Giray">Şahin Giray</a> proved unpopular. The <a href="/wiki/Kuban" title="Kuban">Kuban</a> <a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a> remained hostile to the Russian government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutakov2007-87">[79]</a> From the end of January 1777, Suvorov set about building new fortifications at Kuban, despite the severe cold and predator raids, suggesting that the entire cordon should be shortened, and that it should be connected to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azov-Mozdok_fortified_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azov-Mozdok fortified line (page does not exist)">Azov-Mozdok fortified line</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Азово-Моздокская укреплённая линия">ru</a>]. There were only about 12,000 men under Suvorov's command. He explored the region, more than 30 fortifications were built, and the order of service at the cordon was changed. Attacks from across the Kuban ceased; <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>, guarded against the unrest of Turkish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakuban_Plain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakuban Plain (page does not exist)">Zakuban</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Закубанская равнина">ru</a>] emissaries and from the raids of predators, were pacified, and began to make sure that the Russians really had good intentions towards them. But the peace was short-lived, however. "Intelligent Rumyantsev could not fail to appreciate the fruitful activities of Suvorov in Kuban" and spoke of him with pleasure and praise.<a href="#cite_note-88">[80]</a> By 1781, the situation in the Crimean Khanate, especially in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North-West Caucasus</a>, had "heated up to the limit". Dissatisfaction with the <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a> and the withdrawal of Russian troops led to an uprising of the Kuban Nogais at the beginning of the year. By July 1782, the uprising had spread to <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>. In September to October 1782, Suvorov was engaged in "restoring order" on the territory of north-west Caucasus. The first insurrection was suppressed by the force of returning Russian troops directly by Alexander Suvorov and <a href="/wiki/Anton_de_Balmen" title="Anton de Balmen">Anton de Balmen</a> at the end of 1782 (Balmen put down a rebellion on the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Peninsula">Crimean Peninsula</a> territory). In 1783, Suvorov with complete surprise for the rebels crossed the <a href="/wiki/Kuban_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuban River">Kuban River</a> and in the battle of the <a href="/wiki/Laba_(river)" title="Laba (river)">Laba</a> on 1 October (near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kermenchik_tract&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kermenchik tract (page does not exist)">Kermenchik tract</a>) decisively quelled the second <a href="/wiki/Kuban_Nogai_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuban Nogai Uprising">Nogai uprising</a>, which, in turn, was triggered by Catherine's <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a>, declaring Crimea, <a href="/wiki/Taman_Peninsula" title="Taman Peninsula">Taman</a>, and Kuban as Russian possessions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutakov2007-87">[79]</a> At the Laba, Nogai losses amounted to 4,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1915447-89">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Levitzky_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dmitry_Levitzky_07.jpg/260px-Dmitry_Levitzky_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dmitry_Levitzky_07.jpg/390px-Dmitry_Levitzky_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dmitry_Levitzky_07.jpg/520px-Dmitry_Levitzky_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1446" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov, Alexander Vasilyevich (Aleksandr Vasilyevitch); 1786; by <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Levitzky" title="Dmitry Levitzky">Dmitry Levitsky</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimea_(Little_Tartary)">Crimea (Little Tartary)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Crimea (Little Tartary)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christian_resettlement">Christian resettlement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Christian resettlement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emigration_of_Christians_from_the_Crimea_(1778)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigration of Christians from the Crimea (1778)">Emigration of Christians from the Crimea (1778)</a></div> On behalf of Empress Catherine II, Suvorov participated in an incident – the forced resettlement of Christians from Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> The possession of Crimea did not seem secure for Russia at that time. Russia had to extract all it could from Crimea, and this was achieved by resettling Christians, mainly of <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> nationalities, from Crimea: they had industry, horticulture and agriculture, which constituted a significant part of the Crimean Khan's income. The fact that the Crimean Christians were burdened "to the last degree" by the Khan's extortions and, therefore, the tax exemption granted to them in the new place should have inclined them in favor of the measure conceived by the Russian government, was in favor of the feasibility of resettlement. Thus the matter was resolved and Suvorov was entrusted with its execution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900116–117-90">[82]</a> In the second half of September 1778 the resettlement ended. More than 31,000 souls were evicted; the Greeks were mostly settled between the rivers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berda (page does not exist)">Berda</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="uk:Берда (річка)">uk</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Kalmius" title="Kalmius">Kalmius</a>, along the river <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solona_(Sea_of_Azov)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solona (Sea of Azov) (page does not exist)">Solyonaya</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5)" class="extiw" title="uk:Солона (Азовське море)">uk</a>] and all the way to <a href="/wiki/Azov" title="Azov">Azov</a>; the Armenians near <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov</a> and generally on the <a href="/wiki/Don_(river)" title="Don (river)">Don</a>. Rumyantsev reported to the Empress that "the withdrawal of the Christians can be regarded as a conquest of a noble province". 130,000 <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">rubles</a> were spent for transportation and food. Petrushevsky suggests that food itself cost very cheap, because Suvorov bought from the same Christians 50,000 quarters of bread, which, coming locally to the shops, cost half as much as delivered from Russia, what resulted in savings of 100,000 rubles. "Suvorov's orders were distinguished by remarkable and calculated prudence, he had put his heart into this business". More than half a year later, when the case was almost submitted to the archives, Suvorov still felt as if he had a moral obligation towards the settlers and wrote to Potemkin:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900119-91">[83]</a> <blockquote>"The Crimean settlers suffer many shortcomings in their present state; look upon them with a merciful eye, who have sacrificed so much to the throne; relish their bitter remembrance."</blockquote> After Suvorov organized the resettlement of Armenian migrants displaced from Crimea, Catherine gave them permission to establish a new city, named <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan-on-Don" title="Nakhichevan-on-Don">Nor Nakhichevan</a> by the Armenians. In addition, Alexander Suvorov would later found the city of <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> (1792), now the capital of <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>. In 1778 Alexander as well prevented a Turkish landing on the Crimean Peninsula, thwarting another Russo-Turkish war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> In 1780 he became a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-general">lieutenant-general</a> and in 1783 – <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Infantry_(Imperial_Russia)" title="General of the Infantry (Imperial Russia)">General of the Infantry</a>, upon completion of his tour of duty in the Caucasus and Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kherson">Kherson</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Kherson">edit</a>]</div> Going to <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a> (1792), Suvorov received quite a detailed instruction. He was entrusted with command over the troops in the <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinoslav_Governorate" title="Yekaterinoslav Governorate">Yekaterinoslav Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taurida_Oblast" title="Taurida Oblast">Taurida Oblast</a> and the territory newly annexed from <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkey">Ottoman Turkey</a>, with the responsibility to manage the fortification works there. <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> Fleet was under the command of <a href="/wiki/Vice-Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Admiral">Vice-Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Mordvinov_(admiral)" title="Nikolay Mordvinov (admiral)">Nikolay Mordvinov</a>, and a rowing fleet under the command of General-Major <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Ribas" title="José de Ribas">Osip Deribas</a>, who was dependent on Suvorov only for troops in the fleet. Suvorov was ordered to inspect the troops to ascertain their condition and replenish what was missing, to survey the coast and borders, and submit his opinion on bringing them to safety from accidental attack; he was also allowed to change the disposition of the troops without giving any reason for neighbors to think that the Russians were anxious; – finally, he was ordered to collect and submit notifications from abroad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900280-92">[84]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82.%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD.1818%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82.%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD.1818%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg/200px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82.%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD.1818%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82.%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD.1818%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg/300px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82.%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD.1818%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82.%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD.1818%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg/400px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82.%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD.1818%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption>Russian commander Alexander V. Suvorov. <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">Lithography</a>, 1818. By <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Utkin" title="Nikolai Utkin">Nikolai Utkin</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Pastel" title="Pastel">pastel</a> portrait of Alexander Suvorov by J.H. Schmidt, 1800)</figcaption></figure> Engineering occupied the most prominent place in Suvorov's activities in the south, as well as in Finland. The plans signed by him were preserved: the project of the <a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a> fortress, three projects of fortifications of the <a href="/wiki/Kinburn_Spit" title="Kinburn Spit">Kinburn Spit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Bug_estuary" title="Dnieper–Bug estuary">Dnieper–Bug estuary</a>, the plan of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinburn_Fortress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinburn Fortress (page does not exist)">Kinburn Fortress</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Кинбурн">ru</a>], the main <a href="/wiki/Logistics_center" title="Logistics center">logistics center</a> of Tiraspol, the <a href="/wiki/Fortification#Forts" title="Fortification">fort</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ovidiopol" title="Ovidiopol">Hacıdere</a> (Ovidiopol) on the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a>–<a href="/wiki/Southern_Bug" title="Southern Bug">Bug</a> estuary, <a href="/wiki/Khadjibey" title="Khadjibey">Khadjibey</a> (Odessa) and <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (Akhtiar) fortifications. Some of these were built during his time there and have progressed considerably, others had only just begun; there were also fortifications remained in the project due to short time and lack of money. At Sevastopol four forts were started, including 2 <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemated</a>; in Khadjibey was placed a military harbor with a merchant pier, according to <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Sainte_de_Wollant" title="François Sainte de Wollant">François Sainte de Wollant</a>'s plans, under the direct supervision of Deribas and supreme surveillance of Suvorov.<a href="#cite_note-93">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tulchin">Tulchin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tulchin">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Tulchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulchin">Tulchin</a> he contributed to the training of troops (1796). On arriving in Tulchin, Suvorov first of all paid attention to the welfare of the soldiers. There were "huge numbers" dying, as in epidemic times, especially at work in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Odessa">port of Odessa</a>, where the annual percentage of deaths reached up to 1/4 of the entire staff of the troops, and one separate team died out almost entirely. The reason: "many generals were suppliers to the troops"; the builder of <a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a> Deribas capitalised "terribly" on this. Against all the "evils" detected, Suvorov took immediate measures, akin to those of the previous ones, and watched their execution vigilantly. Barely two months have passed before the death rate in Odessa fell fourfold, and in some other places the percentage of deaths was closer to normal, and in August it was below normal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900418-94">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finland_(1791–1792)">Finland (1791–1792)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Finland (1791–1792)">edit</a>]</div> A feast was held in Russia to commemorate glorious military exploits, especially the storming of Izmail. A few days before the feast, 6 May 1791, Suvorov received from Potemkin command of the Empress – to go around Finland to the Swedish border, to design a border fortifications. Suvorov went willingly, "just to get rid of his inactivity"; the region was familiar to him, as 17 years ago he had already traveled around the Swedish border, and although the present task seemed more difficult, but with his usual energy and diligence, Suvorov completed it in less than 4 weeks.<a href="#cite_note-:3-95">[87]</a> The Empress treated with full approval of Suvorov's construction works.<a href="#cite_note-96">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyminlinna,_near_the_south-western_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kyminlinna%2C_near_the_south-western_gate.jpg/185px-Kyminlinna%2C_near_the_south-western_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kyminlinna%2C_near_the_south-western_gate.jpg/278px-Kyminlinna%2C_near_the_south-western_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kyminlinna%2C_near_the_south-western_gate.jpg/370px-Kyminlinna%2C_near_the_south-western_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov founded the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Kyminlinna#History" title="Kyminlinna">Kymmenegård</a></figcaption></figure> During the harsh Finnish spring, he traveled in sledges in the wild backwoods of the Russian–Swedish border, enduring hardships that "a military man of high position does not know even in wartime". Repeated the same old thing: Suvorov had already traveled in winter inclement weather, riding on a Cossack horse, without luggage, to Izmail.<a href="#cite_note-:3-95">[87]</a> Suvorov, besides building and repairing fortresses, had troops and a <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotilla</a> on his hands. The greater part of the rowing flotilla was in the <a href="/wiki/Skerry" title="Skerry">skerries</a>, the smaller on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Saimaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Saimaa">Lake Saimaa</a>. At first the flotilla was commanded by Prince Nassau-Siegen, but in the summer of 1791, he absented himself from Catherine on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> to offer his services to the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">French princes</a> for the war against the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="French Revolutionaries">Republicans</a>. The flotilla was numbering upwards of 125 vessels of various names and sizes, with 850 <a href="/wiki/Naval_artillery_in_the_Age_of_Sail" title="Naval artillery in the Age of Sail">guns</a>; it was under the command of <a href="/wiki/Counter-Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-Admiral">Counter-Admiral</a> Marquess <a href="/wiki/Ivan_de_Traverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan de Traverse">de Traversay</a> and General-Major <a href="/wiki/Johann_Hermann_von_Fersen" title="Johann Hermann von Fersen">Hermann</a>, subordinates to Suvorov. He was responsible for manning ships, for training people, for conducting naval exercises and maneuvers. Suvorov was never a nominal chief; he endeavoured to familiarise himself, as much as possible, with marine speciality. Some practical information he had acquired earlier, in the Dnieper–Bug estuary, where a flotilla was also under his command, and continued in Finland to look into naval affairs. On his first trip here he took private lessons, about which he wrote to Military Secretary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyotr_Turchaninov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyotr Turchaninov (page does not exist)">Turchaninov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Турчанинов, Пётр Иванович">ru</a>]; later, according to some reports, he jokingly asked to test himself in naval knowledge and passed the exam "quite satisfactorily".<a href="#cite_note-97">[89]</a> Suvorov lived in different places in Finland, depending on the need: in <a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Vyborg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyminkartano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyminkartano (page does not exist)">Kymmenegård</a> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyminkartano" class="extiw" title="fi:Kyminkartano">fi</a>], <a href="/wiki/Ruotsinsalmi_sea_fortress" title="Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress">Ruotsinsalmi</a>. In Kymmenegård he left a memory of his concern for the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a>: he sent a church choir director from St. Petersburg to train local choristers, bought different church things for several hundred rubles. Here he formed a circle of acquaintances, free from service time spent fun; Suvorov often danced, and in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Khvostov" title="Dmitry Khvostov">Dmitry Khvostov</a> bragged that once he "<a href="/wiki/Contradance" class="mw-redirect" title="Contradance">contradanced</a> for three hours straight".<a href="#cite_note-98">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_Paul">Relations with Paul</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Relations with Paul">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Suvorov4.jpg/175px-Suvorov4.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Suvorov4.jpg/263px-Suvorov4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Suvorov4.jpg/350px-Suvorov4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Alexander Suvorov in disgrace</figcaption></figure> Suvorov remained a close confidant of Catherine, but he had a negative relationship with her son and heir apparent <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul</a>. Paul even had his own regiment of Russian soldiers whom he dressed up in Prussian-style uniforms and paraded around. Suvorov was strongly opposed to these uniforms and had fought hard for Catherine to get rid of similar uniforms that were used by Russians up until 1784.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geller_Suvorov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Geller_Suvorov.jpg/250px-Geller_Suvorov.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Geller_Suvorov.jpg/375px-Geller_Suvorov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Geller_Suvorov.jpg/500px-Geller_Suvorov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>An exiled Suvorov receiving orders to lead the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Russian Army</a> against <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>. By <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyotr_Isaakovich_Geller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyotr Isaakovich Geller (page does not exist)">P. Isaakovich Geller</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Геллер, Пётр Исаакович">ru</a>]</figcaption></figure> When Catherine died of a stroke in 1796, Paul I was crowned <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor</a> and brought back these outdated uniforms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> It is considered that in the same year <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_Age_(Russian_nobility)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden Age (Russian nobility) (page does not exist)">the Golden Age</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Золотой век российского дворянства">ru</a>] of <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a> and of the Russian Empire came to an end, along with Catherine the Great.<a href="#cite_note-99">[91]</a> Suvorov was not happy with Paul's reforms and disregarded his orders to train new soldiers in this Prussian manner, which he considered cruel and useless.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> Paul was infuriated and dismissed Suvorov, exiling him to his estate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konchanskoye-Suvorovskoye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konchanskoye-Suvorovskoye (page does not exist)">Konchanskoye</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Кончанское-Суворовское">ru</a>] near <a href="/wiki/Borovichi" title="Borovichi">Borovichi</a> and kept under surveillance. His correspondence with his wife, who had remained at Moscow because their marriage was unhappy, was also tampered with. It is recorded that on Sundays he tolled the bell for church and sang among the rustics in the village choir. On weekdays he worked among them in a <a href="/wiki/Smock-frock" title="Smock-frock">smock-frock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D.%D0%90_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4_%D0%90.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_1799_%D0%B3..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9D.%D0%90_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4_%D0%90.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_1799_%D0%B3..jpg/220px-%D0%9D.%D0%90_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4_%D0%90.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_1799_%D0%B3..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9D.%D0%90_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4_%D0%90.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_1799_%D0%B3..jpg/330px-%D0%9D.%D0%90_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4_%D0%90.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_1799_%D0%B3..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9D.%D0%90_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4_%D0%90.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_1799_%D0%B3..jpg/440px-%D0%9D.%D0%90_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4_%D0%90.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_1799_%D0%B3..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3268" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov's departure from the village of Konchanskoye for the 1799 campaign. <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">Oil painting</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Shabunin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Shabunin (page does not exist)">Nikolay Shabunin</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Шабунин, Николай Авенирович">ru</a>]. <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Museum" title="Suvorov Museum">Suvorov Memorial Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_and_Swiss_expedition_of_1799">Italian and Swiss expedition of 1799</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Italian and Swiss expedition of 1799">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_campaign">Italian campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Italian campaign">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_and_Swiss_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian and Swiss expedition">Italian and Swiss expedition</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_coverage_of_events">General coverage of events</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: General coverage of events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_in_Milan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Suvorov_in_Milan.jpg/275px-Suvorov_in_Milan.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Suvorov_in_Milan.jpg/413px-Suvorov_in_Milan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Suvorov_in_Milan.jpg/550px-Suvorov_in_Milan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, April 1799; by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Charlemagne" title="Adolf Charlemagne">Adolf Charlemagne</a></figcaption></figure> In February 1799, Paul I, worried about the victories of <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">France</a> in Europe during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> and at the insistence of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_war" title="Coalition war">coalition</a> leaders, was forced to reinstate Suvorov as field marshal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> Alexander Suvorov was given command of the Austro-Russian army and sent to drive France's forces out of <a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italy</a>. For subordination of the Austrian soldiers to a general of foreign service, it was deemed necessary to place him a step above the most senior Austrian generals of the army of Italy, also granting the <a href="/wiki/Generalfeldmarschall" title="Generalfeldmarschall">field-marshal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/HRE" class="mw-redirect" title="HRE">HRE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900519-100">[92]</a> Suvorov and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> never met in battle because Napoleon was <a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">campaigning in Egypt and Syria</a> at the time. However, in 1799, Suvorov erased practically all of the gains Napoleon had made for France in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a> during <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars#Bonaparte's_war" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">1796 and 1797</a>, defeating some of the republic's top generals: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Moreau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Schérer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Adda River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lecco" title="Lecco">Lecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaprio_d%27Adda" title="Vaprio d'Adda">Vaprio d'Adda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassano_d%27Adda" title="Cassano d'Adda">Cassano d'Adda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verderio_Superiore" title="Verderio Superiore">Verderio Superiore</a>), again Moreau at <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Marengo_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Marengo (1799)">San Giuliano</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spinetta_Marengo" title="Spinetta Marengo">Spinetta Marengo</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[i]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jacques_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques MacDonald">MacDonald</a> near the rivers of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)#Tidone_River_-_17_June" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Tidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)#Trebbia_River_-_18_June" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Trebbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)#Nure_River_-_20_June" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Nure</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebbia_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Trebbia (1799)">Trebbia battle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Catherine_Joubert" title="Barthélemy Catherine Joubert">Joubert</a> along with Moreau at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Novi">Novi</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> but the Russians lost the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassignana_(1799)" title="Battle of Bassignana (1799)">battle of Bassignana</a>. All the major battles (Adda, Trebbia, Novi) are of the most decisive nature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322-102">[93]</a> Besides, the following Italian fortresses fell before Suvorov: <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Brescia" title="Capture of Brescia">Brescia</a> (21 April); <a href="/wiki/Peschiera_del_Garda" title="Peschiera del Garda">Peschiera del Garda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortona" title="Tortona">Tortona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizzighettone" title="Pizzighettone">Pizzighettone</a> (April); <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mantua_(1799)" title="Siege of Mantua (1799)">Mantua</a> (July). Suvorov captured <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadels</a> of these cities, and became a hero to those who opposed the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. Allied forces also took the towns of <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, the capitals of the <a href="/wiki/Duchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchies">Duchies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Parma–Piacenza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Modena">Modena–Reggio</a> respectively. The British drawn many <a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">caricatures</a> dedicated to Suvorov's expedition.<a href="#cite_note-103">[j]</a> The French <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client states</a> <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmontese Republic</a> collapsed in the face of Suvorov's onset. <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> Ushakov, sent to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> for support to Suvorov, in 1799 completed the five-month <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corfu_(1798%E2%80%931799)" title="Siege of Corfu (1798–1799)">siege of Corfu (1798–1799)</a> and put an end to the <a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">French occupation of the Ionian Islands</a> in Greece. On receiving news of the capture of <a href="/wiki/Corfu_(city)" title="Corfu (city)">Corfu</a>, Suvorov exclaimed:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovikov1948153-104">[94]</a> <blockquote>Our <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Great Peter</a> is alive! What he, after defeating the Swedish fleet <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gangut" title="Battle of Gangut">near Åland in 1714</a>, said, namely that nature has produced only one Russia: she has no rival, — we see it now. Hooray! To the Russian fleet!.. I now say to myself: why wasn't I at least a <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a> at Corfu?</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Two_resounding_victories:_Trebbia_and_Novi">Two resounding victories: Trebbia and Novi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Two resounding victories: Trebbia and Novi">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_Trebbia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Suvorov_Trebbia.jpg/250px-Suvorov_Trebbia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Suvorov_Trebbia.jpg/375px-Suvorov_Trebbia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Suvorov_Trebbia.jpg/500px-Suvorov_Trebbia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov victorious at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Battle of the Trebbia</a>. Painting by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kotzebue" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Kotzebue">Alexander Kotzebue</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Novi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Battle_of_Novi.jpg/250px-Battle_of_Novi.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Battle_of_Novi.jpg/375px-Battle_of_Novi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Battle_of_Novi.jpg/500px-Battle_of_Novi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>The heaviest battle in the career of Suvorov: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Novi">at Novi</a>, 15 August 1799. Painting by Alexander Kotzebue. Hermitage Museum</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Sister_republic" title="Sister republic">sister republic</a> in the south, the <a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic">Parthenopean</a>, also fell before the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Ushakov" title="Fyodor Ushakov">Ushakov</a>'s naval <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">squadron</a>, and the local rebels, since Jacques MacDonald at the head of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Naples" title="Army of Naples">Army of Naples</a> was forced to abandon <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a> to meet Suvorov at the Trebbia, leaving only weak <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrisons</a> in the Neapolitan lands. MacDonald attacked <a href="/wiki/Peter_Karl_Ott_von_B%C3%A1tork%C3%A9z" title="Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz">Ott</a>'s small force, whereupon Suvorov quickly concentrated most of his army against MacDonald and threw his men into the fray immediately after a hard march. This confrontation near the Trebbia proved to be the toughest French defeat of Suvorov's Italian campaign: by the end of the retreat, MacDonald had barely 10,000 to 12,000<a href="#cite_note-106">[k]</a> men left out of an army of 35,000.<a href="#cite_note-107">[96]</a> The battle of Novi, on the other hand, is the most difficult victory in Suvorov's career, largely because the French had strong defensive positions and the Allies could not fully deploy their superior cavalry as a consequence;<a href="#cite_note-108">[97]</a> however, the Russo-Austrian victory turned into a complete <a href="/wiki/Rout" title="Rout">rout</a> for the French army. Its troops lost 16,000 of their comrades-in-arms (in total) and were driven from Italy, save for a handful in the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Alps" title="Maritime Alps">Maritime Alps</a> and around <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogolyubov1939118-109">[98]</a> But the <a href="/wiki/Hofkriegsrat" title="Hofkriegsrat">Hofkriegsrat</a> did not choose to take advantage, and sent Suvorov with his Austrian and Russian forces to <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Switzerland</a>. Suvorov himself gained the title of "Prince of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>" and the rank of <a href="/wiki/Grand_marshal" title="Grand marshal">grand marshal</a> of the Piedmont troops from the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia">King of Sardinia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900627-110">[99]</a> and after the <a href="/wiki/Trebbia" title="Trebbia">Trebbian</a> battle – the title of "Prince of Italy" (or <a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">Knyaz</a> Italiysky).<a href="#cite_note-111">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Detailed_assessment_of_all_battles">Detailed assessment of all battles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Detailed assessment of all battles">edit</a>]</div> Like <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus" title="Gustavus Adolphus">Gustavus Adolphus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Turenne">Turenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II the Great">Frederick II the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar">Caesar</a>, in military affairs Alexander Vasilyevich was not vulnerable at any point, rushing with speed to the most important places, and carefully observed the principle of <a href="/wiki/Force_concentration" title="Force concentration">force concentration</a> all his life:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892315,_331-112">[101]</a> at <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Giuliano_Vecchio" class="extiw" title="it:San Giuliano Vecchio">San Giuliano Vecchio</a> (1st Marengo), for example, his troops gathered more than double superiority,<a href="#cite_note-113">[102]</a> and at Novi not so considerable, but at least reaching about 38 per cent, which was still offset by the French army's favourable position.<a href="#cite_note-114">[103]</a> The combat of Lecco, fought as a diversionary maneuver, brought virtually no advantage to either side, but at the beginning, before the reinforcements, the Russian troops were far inferior in numbers. At the combat of Vaprio (part of Cassano), passing through a river obstacle, the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Coalition</a> eventually managed to concentrate four thousand more troops in practice than the French did, largely also at the expense of the Cossacks; although in the middle of the battle the French had a twofold preponderance in numbers. In the end there were about 11,000 Austrians and Cossacks versus 7,000 French; but French troops began to give up their footholds before the remaining Austrian battalions arrived. Notwithstanding all, the outcome of the combat at Vaprio d'Adda could have been the only outcome: the timely arrival of 3,000 from <a href="/wiki/Jean-Mathieu-Philibert_S%C3%A9rurier" title="Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier">Sérurier's</a> division, 6,000 from <a href="/wiki/Claude_Victor-Perrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Victor-Perrin">Victor's</a> division (2,000 he could have left at Cassano d'Adda on the way), would be 16,000 French, led by Moreau, against 11,000 of the enemy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov189292–93-115">[104]</a> At Cassano d'Adda, Suvorov allocated about 13,000 Austrians against approximately 3,000 French from the divisions of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Grenier" title="Paul Grenier">Paul Grenier</a> and Claude-Victor (along with reinforcements), who had taken up strong defences behind the stream; but it was the combat of Vaprio that was decisive and pivotal. At <a href="/wiki/Verderio" title="Verderio">Verderio</a> the Sérurier detachment, cut off during the combat at Vaprio d'Adda, was surrounded and pinned down by the river. Thus, with roughly equal strength overall, having a minimum of 65,000 men at his disposal against the 58,000 available for active operations in the field<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199940-116">[105]</a> as part of the French <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Italy_(France)" title="Army of Italy (France)">Army of Italy</a>, Suvorov was able to use every advantage he had in the <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theater</a> to win a complete victory at the battle of Cassano.<a href="#cite_note-117">[106]</a> The blame lies with Barthélemy Schérer: he scattered an even cordon along the whole river; on the more important stretch from Lecco to Cassano d'Adda, 42 km (26 mi), there were no more than 12,000; meanwhile Suvorov had 42,000 on the same stretch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov189273-118">[107]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Alexander_Suvorov_by_J_H_Schmidt_1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portrait_of_Alexander_Suvorov_by_J_H_Schmidt_1800.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_Alexander_Suvorov_by_J_H_Schmidt_1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portrait_of_Alexander_Suvorov_by_J_H_Schmidt_1800.jpg/300px-Portrait_of_Alexander_Suvorov_by_J_H_Schmidt_1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portrait_of_Alexander_Suvorov_by_J_H_Schmidt_1800.jpg/400px-Portrait_of_Alexander_Suvorov_by_J_H_Schmidt_1800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4661" data-file-height="6031" /></a><figcaption>The portrait of Suvorov in Austrian uniform, by Johann Heinrich Schmidt</figcaption></figure> Near the Trebbia, in contrast to the above, MacDonald had one and a half superiority; this circumstance is explained by the fact that <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kray" title="Paul Kray">Kray</a>, despite the order of Suvorov, did not send him reinforcements, based on the direct command of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> not to separate any forces before the surrender of <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>. It was too late for the commander-in-chief to find out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892332-119">[108]</a> At the battle of the Trebbia on the first day at the <a href="/wiki/Tidone" title="Tidone">Tidone River</a>, the French had 19,000 men against his 14–15,000,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilyutin1852254-120">[109]</a> and were thrown back. By the Trebbia River itself on the second day the forces were equal, and on the third day Suvorov, with some 22,000 men, beat MacDonald's force of 33,000–35,000. Suvorov then rushed into a fighting pursuit, and at the <a href="/wiki/Nure" title="Nure">Nure River</a>, similar to Verderio, an entire <a href="/wiki/Auvergne_Regiment" title="Auvergne Regiment">Auvergne Regiment</a> was captured after a short battle.<a href="#cite_note-121">[110]</a> Despite the restraining influence of the <a href="/wiki/Hofkriegsrat" title="Hofkriegsrat">Hofkriegsrat</a>, Suvorov always held the initiative in his hands when dealing with the enemy. If the French sometimes tried to catch him (e.g., the movements of Moreau and MacDonald to join at Tortona), the Allies concentrated and dealt brutal blows like at the Trebbia. As for Novi, Joubert, advancing from Genoa to Tortona and expecting to catch the Allied Field Army scattered, unexpectedly met Suvorov and his "strike fist" behind <a href="/wiki/Novi_Ligure" title="Novi Ligure">Novi Ligure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892337-122">[111]</a> But perseverance in the battle of Novi came to the point that when the Russian attacks were unsuccessful, Suvorov got off his horse and, rolling on the ground, shouted: "dig a grave for me, I will not survive this day", and then resumed his attacks. Moreau spoke of Suvorov in this way:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322–323-123">[112]</a> <blockquote>"What can you say of a general so resolute to a superhuman degree, and who would perish himself and let his army perish to the last man rather than retreat a single pace."</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Campaign_environment">Campaign environment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Campaign environment">edit</a>]</div> As a disadvantage to his decisiveness, <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> Suvorov, famous for the storming of Izmail, did not want to storm the citadels of Italian cities, and preferred to resort, in accordance with the situation, to blockade and siege.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892323-124">[113]</a> Nevertheless, during the Italian campaign of 1799 Suvorov's talent expressed itself fully and comprehensively. <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Orlov_(military_writer)" title="Nikolay Orlov (military writer)">Nikolay Orlov</a> describes: "When assessing Suvorov's actions, one must always keep in mind the unfavourable situation for the commander, the environment in which he was:—meaning mainly the inconvenience of commanding the Allied troops, originating from the difference in political aspirations of the Allied governments, and the binding influence of the Hofkriegsrat".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316-125">[114]</a> The Polish forces had a no small quantity of <a href="/wiki/Militias" class="mw-redirect" title="Militias">militias</a>, and the Turks and Tartars were largely "unstable hordes". True, "all these opponents were characterised by fanatical bravery, it was not easy for Suvorov to overcome them; the wars brought Suvorov practice, from which he took out extensive experience, his talent gradually developed and strengthened in this fight, the commander learned the essence, the spirit of war".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892315-126">[115]</a> In 1799, Suvorov's enemies were troops purely <a href="/wiki/Regular_army" title="Regular army">regular</a>, crowned with the glory of victories over the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">German</a> armies (considered themselves the best in Europe), and were led by some of the best generals of the time,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316-125">[114]</a> including Jean Victor Moreau, "a man in the prime of life" (35), who was generally respected in the army, distinguished by his theoretical knowledge of the art of war and combat experience, affability and high intelligence. "He was not a high-minded genius, but the presence of mind and unwavering equanimity gave him the ability to come out with honour from the most critical circumstances. At any rate, after Bonaparte, he was the best French general of the time" (the talented <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a> was no longer alive),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov189283-127">[116]</a> winning the famous victory <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hohenlinden" title="Battle of Hohenlinden">at Hohenlinden</a> a year later. The theater of war was not like those <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppes</a>, swamps and forests, among which the commander had hitherto fought.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316-125">[114]</a> In the war with the French Suvorov was not only commander-in-chief, independently acting in the theater of operations, but in addition he was in charge of the allied army – a matter even more difficult for a commander,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316-125">[114]</a> and in the battles of Cassano and Novi the Austrians formed the bulk of the army, while at Cassano only <a href="/wiki/Irregular_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Irregular army">irregular</a> Cossack troops participated from the Russian side, including the encirclement of the French detachment at Verderio. It should also be noted that Suvorov, being fiery and irritable, was able to restrain himself in many cases.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322–323-123">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swiss_campaign">Swiss campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Swiss campaign">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suvorov%27s_Swiss_campaign" title="Suvorov's Swiss campaign">Suvorov's Swiss campaign</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasily_Surikov_-_Suvorov_Crossing_the_Alps_in_1799_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vasily_Surikov_-_Suvorov_Crossing_the_Alps_in_1799_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Vasily_Surikov_-_Suvorov_Crossing_the_Alps_in_1799_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vasily_Surikov_-_Suvorov_Crossing_the_Alps_in_1799_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Vasily_Surikov_-_Suvorov_Crossing_the_Alps_in_1799_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vasily_Surikov_-_Suvorov_Crossing_the_Alps_in_1799_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/480px-Vasily_Surikov_-_Suvorov_Crossing_the_Alps_in_1799_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4616" data-file-height="6197" /></a><figcaption>Russian troops under <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a> Suvorov crossing the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> in 1799 (by <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Surikov" title="Vasily Surikov">Vasily Surikov</a>, 1899)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defeat_of_the_allied_armies">Defeat of the allied armies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Defeat of the allied armies">edit</a>]</div> After the victorious Italian theater, Suvorov planned to march on Paris, but instead was ordered to Switzerland to join up with the Russian forces already there and drive the French out. The Russian army under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korsakov" title="Alexander Korsakov">General Korsakov</a> was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a> at <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Zürich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_von_Hotze" title="Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze">Friedrich von Hotze</a>'s Austrian army was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Linth_River" title="Battle of Linth River">Linth River</a> before Suvorov could reach and unite with them all. "…I have defeated myself <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Franjo Jelačić">Jelačić</a> and Lincken who are now pinned down in <a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>. Marshal Suvorov is surrounded on all sides. He will be the one forced to surrender!"—said <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Jean_Joseph_Molitor" title="Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor">Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor</a> to <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_von_Auffenberg" title="Franz Xaver von Auffenberg">Franz von Auffenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ivanovich_Bagration" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration">Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[117]</a> Surrounded by Masséna's 77,000 French troops,<a href="#cite_note-129">[118]</a> Suvorov with a force of 18,000 Russian regulars and 5,000 Cossacks, exhausted and short of provisions, led a strategic withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> while fighting off the French.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_Gotthard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Suvorov_Gotthard.jpg/240px-Suvorov_Gotthard.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Suvorov_Gotthard.jpg/360px-Suvorov_Gotthard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Suvorov_Gotthard.jpg/480px-Suvorov_Gotthard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Fieldmarshal Suvorov on the peak of the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Pass" title="Gotthard Pass">Gotthard Pass</a>, by Adolf Charlemagne</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_achievements">Early achievements</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Early achievements">edit</a>]</div> Early on in the path, going to join with the not yet defeated Korsakov, he struggled against general <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lecourbe" title="Claude Lecourbe">Claude Lecourbe</a> and overcame the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gotthard_Pass" title="Battle of Gotthard Pass">St. Gotthard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oberalp_Pass" title="Oberalp Pass">Oberalp</a> (that goes round <a href="/wiki/Oberalpsee" title="Oberalpsee">Oberalpsee</a>) <a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">mountain passes</a>. Suvorov's troops beat the French out of <a href="/wiki/Hospental" title="Hospental">Hospental</a> (situated in the <a href="/wiki/Urseren" title="Urseren">Urseren valley</a>), followed by the so-called <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Devil%27s_Bridge" title="Battle of Devil's Bridge">Teufelsbrücke</a>, or "Devil's Bridge", located in the <a href="/wiki/Schoellenen_Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Schoellenen Gorge">Schoellenen Gorge</a>, and the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urnerloch" class="extiw" title="de:Urnerloch">Urnerloch</a> rock tunnel. All these interventions were not without great losses for Suvorov; but in his main attack, where he concentrated some 6,700 against 6,000 Frenchmen, he suffered relatively the same casualties as his opponent.<a href="#cite_note-130">[119]</a> However, Suvorov's troops were at their wits' end. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_6_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_6_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_6_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_6_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/360px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_6_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_6_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/480px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_6_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Fighting for the <a href="/wiki/Teufelsbrucke" class="mw-redirect" title="Teufelsbrucke">Devil's Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> Russian troops of <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rosenberg" title="Andrei Rosenberg">Andrey Grigoryevich Rosenberg</a> crossed the <a href="/wiki/Lukmanier_Pass" title="Lukmanier Pass">Lukmanier Pass</a>, Austrian troops of Franz Auffenberg overcame the <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%BCzli_Pass" title="Chrüzli Pass">Chrüzli Pass</a>, while Suvorov himself also later traversed more remote passes such as <a href="/wiki/Kinzig_Pass" title="Kinzig Pass">Chinzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pragel_Pass" title="Pragel Pass">Pragel (Bragell)</a>, before climbing the 8,000-foot mountain <a href="/wiki/Rossstock" title="Rossstock">Rossstock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-131">[120]</a> Marching over rocks had worn out the soldiers' inadequate footwear, of which many were now even deprived, uniforms were often in tatters, rifles and bayonets were rusting from the constant dampness, and the men were starving for lack of adequate supplies,—they were exhausted, surrounded by impassable mountains in freezing cold, and, one way or another, faced a French army far superior in numbers and equipment. Cossack reconnaissance units instead of the Austrians of Lincken found the French there. France's forces, meanwhile, blocked off many important places for troop movements;<a href="#cite_note-:5-132">[121]</a> and on September 29 (18 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">OS</a>), still uncertain but informed about the fate of Korsakov and Hotze (from the testimony of French prisoners), Suvorov assembled a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_war" title="Council of war">council of war</a> in the refectory of the <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscan</a> monastery of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a>, which decided to pave the way for the army toward Glarus. During the council the Russian commander showed himself extremely resolute not to surrender, blamed the Austrian allies for all the hardships they were forced to suffer, and proposed what appeared to him to be the only possible solution. Suvorov dictated the disposition: in the vanguard appointed to go Auffenberg, who came out on the 29th, and the next day the rest of the troops, except for Rosenberg's corps and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_F%C3%B6rster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Förster (page does not exist)">Foerster's</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Ферстер, Иван Иванович">ru</a>] division, which remained in the rearguard and must hold the enemy coming out of <a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a> until all the <a href="/wiki/Pack_saddle" title="Pack saddle">packs</a> had passed over the mountain Bragell. Rosenberg was ordered to hold firm,—to repel the French with all his strength, but not to pursue him beyond Schwyz.<a href="#cite_note-:6-133">[122]</a> Alexander Suvorov's speech was written down from the words of Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration, made a huge impression on everyone who attended<a href="#cite_note-SCS-134">[123]</a> (especially angry and menacing looked <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Derfelden" title="Wilhelm Derfelden">Derfelden</a> and Bagration<a href="#cite_note-:6-133">[122]</a>): <blockquote>We are surrounded by mountains… surrounded by a strong enemy, proud of victory… Since the <a href="/wiki/Pruth_River_Campaign" title="Pruth River Campaign">Pruth expedition</a>, under the Sovereign Emperor Peter the Great, Russian troops have never been in such a perilous position…<a href="#cite_note-SCS-134">[123]</a> To go back is dishonorable. I have never retreated. Advancing to Schwyz<a href="#cite_note-135">[l]</a> is impossible: Masséna commands more than 60,000 men and our troops do not reach 20,000. We are short of supplies, ammunition and artillery… We cannot expect help from anyone. We are on the edge of the precipice! All we have left is to rely on Almighty God and the courage and spirit of sacrifice of my troops! We are Russians! God is with us!<a href="#cite_note-:5-132">[121]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salvation_and_breakthrough">Salvation and breakthrough</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Salvation and breakthrough">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suworow_Gotthardhospiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Suworow_Gotthardhospiz.jpg/200px-Suworow_Gotthardhospiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Suworow_Gotthardhospiz.jpg/300px-Suworow_Gotthardhospiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Suworow_Gotthardhospiz.jpg/400px-Suworow_Gotthardhospiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2485" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>In the Altkirch <a href="/wiki/Barrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrack">Barracks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andermatt" title="Andermatt">Andermatt</a>, a mural painted in 1917 by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Beat_Wieland" title="Hans Beat Wieland">Hans Beat Wieland</a> in the officers' canteen commemorates the arrival of the Suvorov troops at the St. Gotthard Hospice on September 24, 1799, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a>. Andermatt, Altkirch Barracks, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_Hess_Kosaken_am_Kl%C3%B6ntalersee_1799.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ludwig_Hess_Kosaken_am_Kl%C3%B6ntalersee_1799.jpg/200px-Ludwig_Hess_Kosaken_am_Kl%C3%B6ntalersee_1799.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ludwig_Hess_Kosaken_am_Kl%C3%B6ntalersee_1799.jpg/300px-Ludwig_Hess_Kosaken_am_Kl%C3%B6ntalersee_1799.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ludwig_Hess_Kosaken_am_Kl%C3%B6ntalersee_1799.jpg/400px-Ludwig_Hess_Kosaken_am_Kl%C3%B6ntalersee_1799.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1958" data-file-height="1435" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> over <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%B6ntalersee" title="Klöntalersee">Klöntalersee</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Hess" title="Ludwig Hess">Ludwig Hess</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Central_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich Central Library">Zurich Central Library</a>, Prints and Drawings Department and Photo Archive</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/200px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/300px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/400px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muottental" title="Battle of Muottental">Battle of the Muotatal</a> (Muttental), painting by Alexander von Kotzebue</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_pannix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Suvorov_pannix.jpg/200px-Suvorov_pannix.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Suvorov_pannix.jpg/300px-Suvorov_pannix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Suvorov_pannix.jpg/400px-Suvorov_pannix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1523" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov crossing the <a href="/wiki/Panix_Pass" title="Panix Pass">Panix Pass</a>, painting by Alexander von Kotzebue</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Popov_swiss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Popov_swiss.jpg/200px-Popov_swiss.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Popov_swiss.jpg/300px-Popov_swiss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Popov_swiss.jpg/400px-Popov_swiss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov Bidding Farewell to the Swiss People. Painting by <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Andreyevich_Popov" title="Andrei Andreyevich Popov">Andrei Andreyevich Popov</a> (1896).</figcaption></figure> Between 30 September and 1 October 1799, Suvorov's <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">vanguard</a> of 2,100 men, led by Bagration, was able to break through the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kl%C3%B6ntal" title="Battle of Klöntal">Klöntal</a> <a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">valley</a>,—with <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%B6ntalersee" title="Klöntalersee">Klöntalersee</a> inside,—and reached the goal. It inflicted 1,000 killed or wounded, and another 1,000 captured to a French force of 6,500 men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017108-10">[8]</a> However, Bagration tried to push further than Glarus, failing to do so: he was finally stopped by Molitor's troops. When Molitor took up a position at <a href="/wiki/Netstal" title="Netstal">Netstal</a>, he held for a long time, in spite of Bagration's persistent attacks. Finally driven out of Netstal with the loss of a cannon, a <a href="/wiki/Military_colours,_standards_and_guidons" title="Military colours, standards and guidons">banner</a> and 300 prisoners, Molitor retreated to <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4fels" title="Näfels">Näfels</a>, on both banks of the river <a href="/wiki/Linth" title="Linth">Linth</a>. Here the French took a strong position, where they again repulsed Bagration long and hard. No matter how weakened Bagration's troops were by the previous battles and heavy march through the mountains, they had so far gained superior numbers over Molitor's detachment. Molitor had gone into full retreat, but the long-expected advance troops of <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Th%C3%A9odore_Maxime_Gazan_de_la_Peyri%C3%A8re" title="Honoré Théodore Maxime Gazan de la Peyrière">Gazan</a> soon came to his aid. The French now received an overwhelming strength and knocked them out of Näfels. Bagration in turn attacked Näfels and drove off the French, who then went on the attack again. Five or six times the village passed from hand to hand, and when last time it was occupied by the Russians, Bagration received orders from Suvorov to withdraw to Netstal, where at that time the rest of Derfelden's troops were already concentrated. It was evening when Bagration came out of Näfels; noticing this, Gazan moved all his forces to the attack and himself led the grenadiers to the bayonets; but this time the French were also repulsed, and Bagration's troops retreated quite calmly to Netstal.<a href="#cite_note-136">[124]</a> Meanwhile, on the same days, the rearguard of 7,000 men<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017108-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908344-137">[125]</a> out of a total of 14,000, commanded by Andrey Rosenberg, who, according to plan, was assigned the task of deterrence, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muottental" title="Battle of Muottental">met</a> with Masséna's forces, which numbered up to 15,000 men<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017108-10">[8]</a> out of 24,000 in the <a href="/wiki/Muotathal" title="Muotathal">Muotatal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muota" title="Muota">Muota</a> valley), formerly Muttental. Suvorov ordered to hold on there at all costs, and the rearguard, suffering 500<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908344-137">[125]</a> to 700<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERostunov1989496-138">[126]</a> casualties, routed the French by inflicting them between 2,700<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017108-10">[8]</a> and 4,000<a href="#cite_note-139">[127]</a> losses in two days. More than 1,000 prisoners alone were taken, including a general and 15 officers. Suvorov reported to Paul 6,500 French dead, wounded and prisoners of war in two days of fighting: 1,600 – September 30 and 4,500 – October 1.<a href="#cite_note-140">[128]</a> While Suvorov was fighting the French, the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(1798%E2%80%931799)" title="Roman Republic (1798–1799)">Roman sister republic</a> had also fallen before the troops of the restored <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>. Despite all the Russian successes on the battlefield, they were not going to win the campaign. Suvorov hoped to make the way for his exhausted, ill-supplied troops over the Swiss passes to the Upper (<a href="/wiki/Alpine_Rhine" title="Alpine Rhine">Alpine</a>) Rhine and arrive at <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a>, where the army, much shattered after a lot of crossing and fighting, almost destitute of horses and artillery, went into winter quarters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> When Suvorov battled his way through the snow-capped Alps his army was checked but never defeated. Suvorov refused to call it a retreat and commenced a trek through the deep snows of the <a href="/wiki/Panixer_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Panixer Pass">Panixer (Ringenkopf) Pass</a> and into the 9,000-foot mountains of the <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Bündner Oberland</a>, by then deep in snow. Thousands of Russians slipped from the cliffs or succumbed to cold and hunger, eventually escaping encirclement and reached <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, with the bulk of his army intact at 16,000 men.<a href="#cite_note-141">[129]</a> After the troops reached Chur, they crossed another pass in the form of the <a href="/wiki/St._Luzisteig" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Luzisteig">St. Luzisteig</a>, and hence left the territory of present-day Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-:4-131">[120]</a> For this marvel of strategic retreat, earning him the nickname of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>, Suvorov became the fourth <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a> of Russia on 8 November 1799 (28 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">OS</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900697-142">[130]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Duffy" title="Christopher Duffy">Christopher Duffy</a>, on the back cover of his book Eagles Over the Alps: Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799, called Suvorov's whole Italian and Swiss adventure a kind of Russian "<a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusade</a>" against the forces of revolution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999-143">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Consequences">Consequences</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Consequences">edit</a>]</div> Recently, beginning with his involuntary stay in the village of Konchanskoye, Suvorov often felt unwell; when he returned to duty, he seemed to have recovered, but by the end of the Italian campaign again began to grow weak. Before the Swiss campaign, his weakness was so great that he could hardly walk, his eyes began to hurt more often than before; making itself felt the old wounds, especially on his leg, so that not always could put on a boot. The Swiss campaign made him sicker; he began to complain of cold, which had never happened before; the cough, which had become attached to him some months before, did not leave him either, and the wind became particularly sensitive.<a href="#cite_note-144">[132]</a> He was officially promised a military <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> in Russia, but Emperor Paul cancelled the ceremony and recalled the Russian armies from Europe, including the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a> after the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_invasion_of_Holland" title="Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland">Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland</a>; and ultimately the French would regain all of their conquered possessions on the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_the_road_from_Switzerland_to_Russia">On the road from Switzerland to Russia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: On the road from Switzerland to Russia">edit</a>]</div> The return journey of Suvorov to Russia lasted more than three months.<a href="#cite_note-145">[133]</a> Suvorov's name, which had grown during the Italian campaign, took on a double luster after the Swiss campaign, and when he retired from the theatre of war and entered <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (Germany), he became the centre of attention. Travellers, diplomats and soldiers flocked to his destinations, especially on his longer stops in <a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. "A general reverence bordering on awe", ladies sought out the honour of kissing his hand, and he did not particularly resist this. Everywhere he was welcomed and seen off, though he avoided it; every social gathering was eager to have him as its guest.<a href="#cite_note-146">[134]</a> Russian society was proud of its hero and worshipped him enthusiastically. The Emperor Paul was a "true" representative of the national mood; he accompanied all his rescripts with expressions of the most gracious disposition to the Generalissimo, spoke of his unanimity with him, asked advice, and apologised for giving instructions himself. "Forgive me, Prince Alexander Vasilievich," wrote the tsar, "may the Lord God preserve you, and you preserve the Russian soldiers, of whom some were everywhere victorious because they were with you, and others were not victorious because they were not with you". In other rescript it has told: <blockquote>"…excuse me, that I have taken it upon myself to give you advice; but as I only give it for preservation of my subjects, which have rendered me so much merit under your leadership, I am sure, that you with pleasure will accept it, knowing your affection to me."</blockquote> In the third: <blockquote>"I shall be pleased if you will come to me to advice and to love, after you have bring the Russian troops into our borders."</blockquote> The fourth reads: <blockquote>"It is not for me, my hero, to reward you, you are above my measures, but for me to feel it and appreciate it in my heart, giving you your due."</blockquote> The Tsar had extended his courtesy to the point that, in reply to Suvorov's New Year greetings, he asked him to share them with his troops if he, the Tsar, was "worthy of it" and expressed his desire "to be worthy of such an army".<a href="#cite_note-147">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suvorov,_Nelson,_Coburg,_and_Charles">Suvorov, Nelson, Coburg, and Charles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Suvorov, Nelson, Coburg, and Charles">edit</a>]</div> The famous <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Lord_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Lord Nelson">Admiral Lord Nelson</a>, who, according to the Russian ambassador in London, was at that time together with Suvorov the "idol" of the English nation, also sent the Generalissimo an enthusiastic letter. "There is no man in Europe," he wrote, "who loves you as I do; all marvel, like Nelson, at your great exploits, but he loves you for your contempt of wealth". Someone called Suvorov "the land Nelson"; Nelson was very flattered by this. Someone else said that there is a very great similarity in appearance between the Russian Generalissimo and the British Admiral. Rejoicing at this, Nelson added in a letter to Suvorov that although his, Nelson's, deeds can not equal with those of Suvorov, but he asked Suvorov not to deprive him of the dear name of a loving brother and sincere friend. Suvorov answered Nelson in the same way, and expressed his pleasure that their portraits certify the similarity existing between the originals, but in particular was proud of the fact that the two were alike in their way of thinking.<a href="#cite_note-:7-148">[136]</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_23_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_23_01.jpg/175px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_23_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_23_01.jpg/263px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_23_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_23_01.jpg/350px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_23_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Martha Fomina' House, where Alexander V. Suvorov repeatedly stayed in 1791, 1798 and died in 1800: Kryukov channel, 23, <a href="/wiki/Admiralteysky_District" title="Admiralteysky District">Admiralteysky District</a>.</figcaption></figure>He also received a warm welcome from his old associate, the Prince of Coburg. The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Konstantin_Pavlovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich">Grand Duke Constantine</a> went to <a href="/wiki/Coburg" title="Coburg">Coburg</a>, through whom Suvorov conveyed a letter or bow to the Prince and via the same <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke">Grand Duke</a> received a reply. The Prince called him the greatest hero of his time, thanked him for his memory, lamented the Russian army's removal to the fatherland and lamented the bitter fate of Germany. Suvorov replied to the Prince and said among other things that the entire reason for the failure lies in the differences of systems, and if the systems do not come together, there is no point in starting a new campaign.<a href="#cite_note-:7-148">[136]</a> Furthermore, a little earlier he had correspondence with <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Charles">Archduke Charles</a>, which, however, was of a sharp nature.<a href="#cite_note-149">[137]</a> Suvorov received greetings and congratulations even from strangers.<a href="#cite_note-:7-148">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St._Petersburg">St. Petersburg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: St. Petersburg">edit</a>]</div> Early in 1800, Suvorov returned to Saint Petersburg. Paul, for some reason, refused to give him an audience, and, worn out and ill, the old veteran died a few days afterwards on 18 May 1800, at Saint Petersburg.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> The main reason for the newly emerged disfavor of Emperor Paul to Suvorov remains uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-150">[138]</a> Suvorov was meant to receive the funeral honors of a Generalissimo, but was buried as an ordinary field marshal due to Paul's direct interference. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Whitworth,_1st_Earl_Whitworth" title="Charles Whitworth, 1st Earl Whitworth">Lord Whitworth</a>, the British ambassador, and the poet <a href="/wiki/Gavrila_Derzhavin" title="Gavrila Derzhavin">Gavrila Derzhavin</a> were the only persons of distinction present at the funeral. Suvorov lies buried in the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Church_of_the_Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Church of the Annunciation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Nevsky Monastery">Alexander Nevsky Monastery</a>, the simple inscription on his grave stating, according to his own direction, "Here lies Suvorov".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_record">Military record</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Military record">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Key to opponent flags</dt></dl> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1701–1918) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1569–1795) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (987–1792) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (800/962–1806) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1299–1922) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nogai_flag.svg/22px-Nogai_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nogai_flag.svg/33px-Nogai_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nogai_flag.svg/44px-Nogai_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="461" /> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1441–1783) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Regency_of_Algiers" title="Regency of Algiers"><img alt="Regency of Algiers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/23px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/35px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/45px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Regency_of_Algiers" title="Regency of Algiers">Regency of Algiers</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1516–1830) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea"><img alt="Autonomous Republic of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="780" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French Republic</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1792–1804) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_(Napoleonic_period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)">Polish Legions</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1797–1815) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic"><img alt="Helvetic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1798–1803) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmontese Republic</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1798–1799) </td> <td width="130" valign="top" align="center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> (1797–1802) </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Key to outcome</dt></dl>      Indicates a favorable outcome      Indicates an unfavorable outcome      Indicates an uncertain outcome <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1"> <caption>Summary (incomplete) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>№ </th> <th scope="col">Date(s) </th> <th scope="col">Clash(es) </th> <th scope="col">Type(s) </th> <th scope="col">Conflict(s) </th> <th scope="col">Opponent(s) </th> <th scope="col">Location(s) </th> <th scope="col">Outcome(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. </td> <td>4 May – 2 July 1758</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Olomouc" title="Siege of Olomouc">Siege of Olmütz</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> </td> <td>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Margraviate of Moravia</a></td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">? </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. </td> <td>25 July 1759</td> <td>Combat of Crossen </td> <td>Open <a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. </td> <td>12 August 1759</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunersdorf" title="Battle of Kunersdorf">Battle of Kunersdorf</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td>Margraviate of Brandenburg</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. </td> <td>October 1760</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Berlin" title="Raid on Berlin">Raid on Berlin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">Raid</a>; <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Occupation</a></td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td>Margraviate of Brandenburg</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> occupied for three days </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. </td> <td>1761</td> <td>Combat of Reichenbach </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Austrian Silesia</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. </td> <td>1761</td> <td>Skirmish of Schweidnitz </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td>Austrian Silesia</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. </td> <td>15 September 1761</td> <td>Combat of Landsberg </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td>Margraviate of Brandenburg</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. </td> <td>1761</td> <td>Combat of the Friedberg Forest </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. </td> <td>11 October 1761</td> <td>Storming of Golnau<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthing181316-151">[139]</a> </td> <td>Storming <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortifications</a></td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td>Prussia</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. </td> <td>20–21 November 1761</td> <td>Assault on Neugarten </td> <td><a href="/wiki/FIBUA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBUA">FIBUA</a></td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td>Margraviate of Brandenburg</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory<a href="#cite_note-152">[140]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11. </td> <td>1761</td> <td>Combat of Stargard </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Province of Pomerania</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>12. </td> <td>24 August – 16 December 1761</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(Seven_Years%27_War)#Third_siege_(1761)" title="Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)">Third Siege of Kolberg</a> </td> <td>Siege</td> <td>Seven Years' War </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td> <td>Province of Pomerania</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>13. </td> <td>13 September 1769</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orzechowo" title="Battle of Orzechowo">Battle of Orzechowo</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bar_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Bar Confederation">War of the Bar Confederation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brest_Litovsk_Voivodeship" title="Brest Litovsk Voivodeship">Brest Litovsk Voivodeship</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>14. </td> <td>1770</td> <td>Combat of Nawodzice </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandomierz_Voivodeship" title="Sandomierz Voivodeship">Sandomierz Voivodeship</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>15. </td> <td>July 1770</td> <td>Combat of Opatów </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Sandomierz Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>16. </td> <td>20 February 1771</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona" title="Battles of Lanckorona">Lanckorona</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona#First_clash_(Combat_of_Lanckorona)" title="Battles of Lanckorona">Combat of Lanckorona</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Voivodeship_(14th_century_%E2%80%93_1795)" title="Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)">Kraków Voivodeship</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>17. </td> <td>20 February 1771</td> <td>Lanckorona<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona#Second_clash_(Storming_of_the_Lanckorona_Castle)" title="Battles of Lanckorona">Storming of the Lanckorona Castle</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Storming Fortifications</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></td> <td>Kraków Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#FF91A4">Withdrew<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth196656-153">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18. </td> <td>27 February 1771</td> <td>Assault on Rachów </td> <td>FIBUA</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin Voivodeship</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>19. </td> <td>27–28 February 1771</td> <td>Combat of Kraśnik </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Lublin Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>20. </td> <td>20 May 1771</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Tyniec_Abbey" title="Action of Tyniec Abbey">Action of the Tyniec Abbey</a> </td> <td>Storming Fortifications</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky190048-154">[142]</a></td> <td>Kraków Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#FF91A4">Withdrew<a href="#cite_note-155">[143]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21. </td> <td>21 May 1771</td> <td>Lanckorona<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lanckorona#Third_clash_(Battle_of_Lanckorona)" title="Battles of Lanckorona">Battle of Lanckorona</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Kraków Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>22. </td> <td>22 May 1771</td> <td>Combat of Zamość </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Voivodeship" title="Ruthenian Voivodeship">Ruthenian Voivodeship</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>23. </td> <td>24 September 1771</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sto%C5%82owicze" title="Battle of Stołowicze">Battle of Stołowicze</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1507%E2%80%931795)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)">Nowogródek Voivodeship</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>24. </td> <td>24 January – 26 April 1772</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Krak%C3%B3w_Castle" title="Siege of Kraków Castle">Siege of the Kraków Castle</a> </td> <td>Siege</td> <td>War of the Bar Confederation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></td> <td>Kraków Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>25. </td> <td>8 May 1773</td> <td>Combat of Oltenița </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Sixth Russo-Turkish War</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>26. </td> <td>21 May 1773</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stormings_of_Turtucaia" title="Stormings of Turtucaia">Turtukaya</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> • First Storming of Turtukaya</li></ul></div> </td> <td>Open Battle; Storming Fortifications </td> <td>Sixth Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman Bulgaria</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>27. </td> <td>28 June 1773</td> <td>Turtukaya<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> • Second Storming of Turtukaya</li></ul></div> </td> <td>Storming Fortifications; Open Battle </td> <td>Sixth Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td>Ottoman Bulgaria</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>28. </td> <td>14 September 1773</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_Hirsovo" title="Storming of Hirsovo">Defence of Hirsovo</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPares1926309-156">[144]</a> </td> <td>Storming Fortifications; Open Battle</td> <td>Sixth Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>29. </td> <td>20 June 1774</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozludzha" title="Battle of Kozludzha">Battle of Kozludzha</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Sixth Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td>Ottoman Bulgaria</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>30. </td> <td>1 October 1783</td> <td>Battle of the Laba </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Nogai_uprising" title="Kuban Nogai uprising">Kuban Nogai uprising</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nogai_flag.svg/22px-Nogai_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nogai_flag.svg/33px-Nogai_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Nogai_flag.svg/44px-Nogai_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="461" /></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuban" title="Kuban">Kuban</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>31. </td> <td>11–12 October 1787</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinburn_(1787)" title="Battle of Kinburn (1787)">Battle of Kinburn</a> </td> <td>Storming Fortifications;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908263-157">[145]</a> Open Battle</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Seventh Russo-Turkish War</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Regency_of_Algiers" title="Regency of Algiers"><img alt="Regency of Algiers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/23px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/35px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/45px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silistra_Eyalet" title="Silistra Eyalet">Silistra Eyalet</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>32. </td> <td>July – 17 December 1788</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ochakov_(1788)" title="Siege of Ochakov (1788)">Siege of Ochakov</a> </td> <td>Siege</td> <td>Seventh Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td>Silistra Eyalet</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>33. </td> <td>1 August 1789</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Focșani">Battle of Focșani</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seventh Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>34. </td> <td>22 September 1789</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rymnik" title="Battle of Rymnik">Battle of Rymnik</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Seventh Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a></td> <td>Wallachia</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>35. </td> <td>21–22 December 1790</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Izmail" title="Siege of Izmail">Storming of Izmail</a> </td> <td>Storming Fortifications</td> <td>Seventh Russo-Turkish War</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/23px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/35px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg/46px-1783_Ottoman_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="766" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea"><img alt="Autonomous Republic of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="780" /></a></td> <td>Silistra Eyalet</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>36. </td> <td>15 September 1794</td> <td>Combat of Kobryń </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Polish Revolution of 1794</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Brest Litovsk Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>37. </td> <td>17 September 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krupczyce" title="Battle of Krupczyce">Battle of Krupczyce</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Polish Revolution of 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Brest Litovsk Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>38. </td> <td>19 September 1794</td> <td>Combat of Dywin </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Polish Revolution of 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Brest Litovsk Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>39. </td> <td>19 September 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Terespol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Terespol">Battle of Terespol</a> (Battle of Brest) </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Polish Revolution of 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Brest Litovsk Voivodeship</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>40. </td> <td>26 October 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koby%C5%82ka" title="Battle of Kobyłka">Battle of Kobyłka</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Polish Revolution of 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masovian_Voivodeship_(1526%E2%80%931795)" title="Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)">Masovian Voivodeship</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>41. </td> <td>2–4 November 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">Storming of Praga</a> </td> <td>Open Battle; Storming Fortifications</td> <td>Polish Revolution of 1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img alt="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>42. </td> <td>21 April 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Brescia" title="Capture of Brescia">Capture of Brescia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrender (military)">Surrender</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_and_Swiss_expedition#Italian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian and Swiss expedition">Italian campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>43. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>26 April 1799</li><li>27–28 April 1799</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of the Adda River</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> • Combat of Lecco</li><li> • Battle of Cassano</li></ul></div> </td> <td>Open Battle; Storming Fortifications</td> <td>Italian campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic"><img alt="Helvetic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td>Cisalpine Republic</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>44. </td> <td>16 May 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Marengo_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Marengo (1799)">Battle of San Giuliano</a> (First Battle of Marengo) </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Italian campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic"><img alt="Helvetic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Repubblic_of_Alba_%28vertical_stripes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="#cite_note-158">[146]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmontese Republic</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>45. </td> <td>till 20 June 1799</td> <td>Siege of Turin Citadel<a href="#cite_note-159">[147]</a> </td> <td>Siege</td> <td>Italian campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>46. </td> <td>17–20 June 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebbia_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Trebbia (1799)">Battle of the Trebbia</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> • Combat of the Tidone</li><li> • Combats of the Trebbia</li><li> • Combat of the Nure</li></ul></div> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Italian campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>47. </td> <td>15 August 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Novi">Battle of Novi</a> </td> <td>Open Battle; Storming Fortifications<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin191421–24-160">[148]</a></td> <td>Italian campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>48. </td> <td>24 September 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gotthard_Pass" title="Battle of Gotthard Pass">Battle of the Gotthard Pass</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suvorov%27s_Swiss_campaign" title="Suvorov's Swiss campaign">Swiss campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gotthard_Massif" title="Saint-Gotthard Massif">Saint-Gotthard Massif</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>49. </td> <td>24 September 1799</td> <td>Combat of Hospital<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908343-161">[149]</a> / Hospental<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999177-162">[150]</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Canton of Waldstätten</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>50. </td> <td>24 September 1799</td> <td>Battle of Oberalpsee<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908343-161">[149]</a> / the Oberalp Pass<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999181-163">[151]</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Canton of Waldstätten; <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Canton of Raetia</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>51. </td> <td>25 September 1799</td> <td>Combat of the Urnerloch<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999188-164">[152]</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Canton of Waldstätten</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>52. </td> <td>25 September 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Devil%27s_Bridge" title="Battle of Devil's Bridge">Battle of the Devil's Bridge</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Canton of Waldstätten</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>53. </td> <td>30 September – 1 October 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kl%C3%B6ntal" title="Battle of Klöntal">Battle of the Klöntal</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Canton of Linth</a></td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>54. </td> <td>30 September – 1 October 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muottental" title="Battle of Muottental">Battle of the Muttental</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Canton of Waldstätten</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Decisive victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>56. </td> <td>1 October 1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glarus_(1799)" title="Battle of Glarus (1799)">Battle of Glarus</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-165">[153]</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic"><img alt="Helvetic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Canton of Linth</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>55. </td> <td>1 October 1799</td> <td>Combat of Netstal </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Canton of Linth</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>57. </td> <td>5 October 1799</td> <td>Combats of Schwanden<a href="#cite_note-166">[154]</a> </td> <td>Open Battle</td> <td>Swiss campaign </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Canton of Linth</td> <td bgcolor="#90EE90">Victory </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Progeny_and_titles">Progeny and titles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Progeny and titles">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Honours">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_1799_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3690" data-file-height="2106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">Mosaic</a> Suvorov's Crossing the Alps in 1799 on the Suvorov Museum facade. By N. E. Maslennikov</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_monument_in_Tiraspol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Suvorov_monument_in_Tiraspol.jpg/220px-Suvorov_monument_in_Tiraspol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Suvorov_monument_in_Tiraspol.jpg/330px-Suvorov_monument_in_Tiraspol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Suvorov_monument_in_Tiraspol.jpg/440px-Suvorov_monument_in_Tiraspol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>In 1792, Suvorov founded <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, today the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>. <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Monument_(Tiraspol)" title="Suvorov Monument (Tiraspol)">An equestrian statue of Suvorov</a> stands in <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Square_(Tiraspol)" title="Suvorov Square (Tiraspol)">Suvorov Square</a>, the central square of the city.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(1730-1800)._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C._%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB._2%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4,1809%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%281730-1800%29._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C._%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB._2%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%2C1809%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%281730-1800%29._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C._%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB._2%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%2C1809%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%281730-1800%29._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C._%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB._2%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%2C1809%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%281730-1800%29._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C._%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB._2%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%2C1809%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%281730-1800%29._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C._%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB._2%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%2C1809%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%281730-1800%29._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C._%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB._2%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%2C1809%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="1869" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov. The Science of Victory/Winning. Title page of the 2nd ed., 1809.</figcaption></figure> Suvorov's full name, titles (according to Russian pronunciation) and ranks are the following: "Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov, Prince of <a href="/wiki/Italian_geographic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian geographic region">Italy</a>, Count of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnicul_S%C4%83rat" title="Râmnicul Sărat">Rymnik</a>, Count of the <a href="/wiki/HRE" class="mw-redirect" title="HRE">Holy Roman Empire</a>, Prince of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Sardinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generalissimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalissimus">Generalissimus</a> of Russia's Ground and Naval Forces, <a href="/wiki/Marshal" title="Marshal">Marshal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian monarchy">Austrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinian</a> Armies, <a href="/wiki/Grandee" title="Grandee">Grandee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Crown</a>";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov19397-167">[155]</a> seriously wounded six times, he was the recipient of various honors, many of which are listed below.<a href="#cite_note-Ordena-168">[156]</a> Medals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Andrew">Order of Saint Andrew, the Apostle First-Called</a> (09.11.1787, for the victory <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinburn_(1787)" title="Battle of Kinburn (1787)">at Kinburn</a>) + the diamond insignia of this order (03.11.1789, for the victory <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Focsani" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Focsani">at Focsani</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint George">Order of Saint George, the Victory-bearer</a> <ul><li>First Class (18.10.1789, for the victory <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rymnik" title="Battle of Rymnik">at Rymnik</a>),</li> <li>Second Class (30.07.1773, for the victories <a href="/wiki/Stormings_of_Turtucaia" title="Stormings of Turtucaia">at Turtukaya</a>),</li> <li>Third Class (19.08.1771, for the victories during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bar_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Bar Confederation">war of the Bar Confederation</a> in 1770 & 1771);</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Vladimir" title="Order of Saint Vladimir">Order of Saint Vladimir</a> First Class (28.07.1783, "for the accession of various <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakuban_Plain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakuban Plain (page does not exist)">Zakuban</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Закубанская равнина">ru</a>] peoples to the <a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Russian Empire">All-Russian Empire</a>");</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Alexander_Nevsky" title="Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky">Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky</a> (20.12.1771, for the victory <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sto%C5%82owicze" title="Battle of Stołowicze">at Stołowicze</a>) + the star of this order with diamonds "from <a href="/wiki/Her_Imperial_Majesty" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Imperial Majesty">Her Imperial Majesty</a>'s own clothes" (24.12.1780);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Anna" title="Order of Saint Anna">Order of Saint Anna</a> First Class (30.09.1770, for the victory <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orzechowo" title="Battle of Orzechowo">at Orzechowo</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem_(Russia)" title="Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Russia)">Order of Saint John of Jerusalem</a> and Grand Commander's Cross (13.02.1799);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Black_Eagle" title="Order of the Black Eagle">Order of the Black Eagle</a> (07.12.1794) & <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Eagle" title="Order of the Red Eagle">Order of the Red Eagle</a> (07.12.1794) – Prussia;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation</a> with Grand Cross (23.06.1799) & <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a> with Grand Cross (23.06.1799) – Sardinia;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Maria_Theresa" title="Military Order of Maria Theresa">Military Order of Maria Theresa</a> First Class and Grand Cross (12.10.1799) – Austria;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Hubert" title="Order of Saint Hubert">Order of Saint Hubert</a> (21.01.1800) – Bavaria;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_and_Hospitaller_Order_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel_and_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_united" title="Royal Military and Hospitaller Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem united">Royal Military and Hospitaller Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem united</a> (13.02.1800, from the exiled <a href="/wiki/Titular_ruler" title="Titular ruler">titular</a> <a href="/wiki/King_Louis_XVIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Louis XVIII">King Louis XVIII</a>) – France.</li></ul> Weapons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Weapon_for_Bravery" title="Golden Weapon for Bravery">Golden Weapon for Bravery</a> with diamonds (29.07.1775, while celebrating peace with the Ottoman Empire in 1775);</li> <li>Golden Weapon for Bravery with diamonds and the inscription "To the victor of the <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">Vizier</a>" (26.09.1789, for the victory at Rymnik).</li></ul> Other honours <ul><li>Gold <a href="/wiki/Decorative_box" title="Decorative box">snuff box</a> with the portrait of Empress Catherine II (1778, for forcing the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">squadron</a> out of the <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevastopol harbor">Akhtiar harbour</a>);</li> <li>Gold coin (05.11.1784, for the joining Crimea and <a href="/wiki/Taman_Peninsula" title="Taman Peninsula">Taman</a> to Russia in 1783);</li> <li>Gold snuff box with the <a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">monogram</a> of Empress Catherine II, decorated with diamonds (06.1787);</li> <li>Diamond feather to the <a href="/wiki/Tricorne" title="Tricorne">tricorne</a> with the letter "K", meaning Kinburn (26 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">15</a>] April 1789);</li> <li>Gold snuff box with the monogram of the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Joseph_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Joseph II">Emperor Joseph II</a>, decorated with diamonds (13.08.1789, for the victory at Rymnik);</li> <li>Decision on the establishment of a medal in honour of A. V. Suvorov (25.03.1791, for the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Izmail" title="Siege of Izmail">capture of Izmail</a>; <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Suvorov" title="Medal of Suvorov">analogous medal</a> was established on 02.03.1994);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governing_Senate" title="Governing Senate">The Senate</a> was ordered to compile a letter of commendation with a list of Suvorov's exploits (25.03.1791);</li> <li>Diamond <a href="/wiki/Epaulettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Epaulettes">epaulettes</a> and ring (02.09.1793, for strengthening the southern borders of Russia);</li> <li>Certificate of Appreciation (02.09.1793);</li> <li>As a demonstration of the Emperor's confidence, the Order of St. George of the 3rd degree is entrusted to be conferred on the worthiest of Suvorov's choice (02.09.1793);</li> <li>Diamond bow to the hat (26.10.1794, for victories at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krupczyce" title="Battle of Krupczyce">Krupczyce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1794)" title="Battle of Brest (1794)">Brest</a>);</li> <li>Three guns from among those captured from Polish insurgents (26.10.1794, for victories at Krupczyce and Brest);</li> <li>Gold snuff box from the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a> with the inscription "Warsaw to its deliverer, day 4 November 1794" (15.11.1794, a gift, as only monarchs had the right to award);</li> <li>Portrait of the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Francis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Francis II">Emperor Francis II</a>, decorated with diamonds (25.12.1794);</li> <li>The Senate was ordered to compose a letter of commendation outlining the merits of A. V. Suvorov in the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Polish Campaign</a> (01.01.1795);</li> <li>Ring with the portrait of Emperor Paul I (14.05.1799);</li> <li>Portrait of Emperor Paul I to wear on the chest (13.07.1799).</li></ul> Often found in the literature references to the awarding of Suvorov with the Polish Orders of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Poland)" title="Order of the White Eagle (Poland)">White Eagle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus" title="Order of Saint Stanislaus">Saint Stanislaus</a>, the Prussian <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a>, the Neapolitan <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Januarius" title="Order of Saint Januarius">Order of Saint Januarius</a> and the Bavarian "Order of the Golden Lion" (perhaps referring to the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Palatine_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Palatine Lion">Order of the Palatine Lion</a>) do not correspond to reality.<a href="#cite_note-Ordena-168">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progeny">Progeny</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Progeny">edit</a>]</div> 27 (16 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">OS</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolovtsov19121-169">[157]</a>) January 1774, Suvorov was married to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varvara_Ivanovna_Prozorovskaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varvara Ivanovna Prozorovskaya (page does not exist)">Varvara Ivanovna Prozorovskaya</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Суворова, Варвара Ивановна">ru</a>] of the <a href="/wiki/Prozorovsky" title="Prozorovsky">Prozorovsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Golitsyn" title="House of Golitsyn">Golitsyn</a> noble families, and had a son <a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Suvorov" title="Arkadi Suvorov">Arkadi Suvorov</a> and daughter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natalya_Suvorova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natalya Suvorova (page does not exist)">Natalya Suvorova</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Суворова, Наталья Александровна">ru</a>] (in marriage <a href="/wiki/Zubov" title="Zubov">Zubova</a>), but his family life was not happy and he had an unpleasant relationship with his wife due to her infidelity. Suvorov's son, Arkadi Suvorov (1783–1811) served as a general officer in the Russian army during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_wars" title="Russo-Turkish wars">Ottoman</a> wars of the early 19th century, and drowned in the same <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnicul_S%C4%83rat" title="Râmnicul Sărat">river Rymnik</a> in 1811 that had brought his father so much fame. The drowning of his son in the river is supported by <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Yermolov_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksey Yermolov (general)">Aleksey Yermolov</a>'s memoirs,<a href="#cite_note-170">[158]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] as well as by the military historian Christopher Duffy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199986-171">[159]</a> His grandson <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Arkadyevich_Suvorov" title="Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov">Alexander Arkadievich</a> (1804–1882) served as <a href="/wiki/Governorate-General_(Russian_Empire)" title="Governorate-General (Russian Empire)">Governor General</a> of <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> in 1848–61 and Saint Petersburg in 1861–66. Suvorov's daughter Natalya Alexandrovna (1775–1844) known under her name Suvorochka married Count <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Alexandrovich_Zubov" title="Nikolay Alexandrovich Zubov">Nikolay Zubov</a>. <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Varvara_Prozorovskaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varvara Ivanovna, wife"><img alt="Varvara Ivanovna, wife" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Varvara_Prozorovskaya.jpg/93px-Varvara_Prozorovskaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Varvara_Prozorovskaya.jpg/139px-Varvara_Prozorovskaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Varvara_Prozorovskaya.jpg/186px-Varvara_Prozorovskaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="799" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Varvara Ivanovna, wife</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Natalia_Zubov_(Suvorova)1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Natalya, daughter"><img alt="Natalya, daughter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Natalia_Zubov_%28Suvorova%291.jpg/93px-Natalia_Zubov_%28Suvorova%291.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Natalia_Zubov_%28Suvorova%291.jpg/140px-Natalia_Zubov_%28Suvorova%291.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Natalia_Zubov_%28Suvorova%291.jpg/187px-Natalia_Zubov_%28Suvorova%291.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="583" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Natalya, daughter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_Arkadij.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arkady, son"><img alt="Arkady, son" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Suvorov_Arkadij.jpg/95px-Suvorov_Arkadij.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Suvorov_Arkadij.jpg/143px-Suvorov_Arkadij.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Suvorov_Arkadij.jpg/191px-Suvorov_Arkadij.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="428" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arkady, son</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_A_A-bu_Kruger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alexander, grandson"><img alt="Alexander, grandson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Suvorov_A_A-bu_Kruger.jpg/86px-Suvorov_A_A-bu_Kruger.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Suvorov_A_A-bu_Kruger.jpg/129px-Suvorov_A_A-bu_Kruger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Suvorov_A_A-bu_Kruger.jpg/172px-Suvorov_A_A-bu_Kruger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alexander, grandson</div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character">Character</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Character">edit</a>]</div> Suvorov was one of the best-educated Russians of his time. He was well versed in mathematics, history and geography; spoke German, French, Italian, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>; he also had a thorough knowledge of philosophy, ancient and modern literature. His military erudition was impressive. He had studied all the important military works from <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> down to his own contemporaries, mastered the science of fortification and had also passed a naval qualifying examination.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939190-172">[160]</a> Contrary to the belief that Suvorov was short, academic <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Medinsky" title="Vladimir Medinsky">Vladimir Medinsky</a> stated that Suvorov measured at 177 cm, taller than the average soldier.<a href="#cite_note-173">[161]</a> His political views were centered around <a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">enlightened monarchy</a>. However, Suvorov had no interest in pursuing politics and made his disdain for the court lifestyle and tendencies of <a href="/wiki/Aristocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocrat">aristocrats</a> well known: he lacked diplomacy in his dispatches, and his sarcasm triggered enmity among some courtiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> He joked with the men, calling common soldiers "brother" and shrewdly presented the results of detailed planning and careful strategy as the work of inspiration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwin1998-84">[76]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RusPortraits_v3-183_Graf_Aleksandr_Vasil%27evich_Suvorov-Rymnikskii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graf Aleksandr Vasil'evich Suvorov-Rymnikskiy by Joseph Kreutzinger"><img alt="Graf Aleksandr Vasil'evich Suvorov-Rymnikskiy by Joseph Kreutzinger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/RusPortraits_v3-183_Graf_Aleksandr_Vasil%27evich_Suvorov-Rymnikskii.jpg/306px-RusPortraits_v3-183_Graf_Aleksandr_Vasil%27evich_Suvorov-Rymnikskii.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/RusPortraits_v3-183_Graf_Aleksandr_Vasil%27evich_Suvorov-Rymnikskii.jpg/459px-RusPortraits_v3-183_Graf_Aleksandr_Vasil%27evich_Suvorov-Rymnikskii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/RusPortraits_v3-183_Graf_Aleksandr_Vasil%27evich_Suvorov-Rymnikskii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graf Aleksandr Vasil'evich Suvorov-Rymnikskiy by Joseph Kreutzinger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9E.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_(1729-1730-1800)._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94-%D0%93_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2.%D0%93.%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE._1844_%D1%80..tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Suvorov by John Charles Robinson from a drawing by Taras Shevchenko"><img alt="Suvorov by John Charles Robinson from a drawing by Taras Shevchenko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%9E.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%281729-1730-1800%29._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94-%D0%93_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2.%D0%93.%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE._1844_%D1%80..tif/lossy-page1-284px-%D0%9E.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%281729-1730-1800%29._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94-%D0%93_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2.%D0%93.%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE._1844_%D1%80..tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%9E.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%281729-1730-1800%29._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94-%D0%93_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2.%D0%93.%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE._1844_%D1%80..tif/lossy-page1-427px-%D0%9E.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%281729-1730-1800%29._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94-%D0%93_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2.%D0%93.%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE._1844_%D1%80..tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%9E.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%281729-1730-1800%29._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94-%D0%93_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2.%D0%93.%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE._1844_%D1%80..tif/lossy-page1-569px-%D0%9E.%D0%92.%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%281729-1730-1800%29._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94-%D0%93_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2.%D0%93.%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE._1844_%D1%80..tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2977" data-file-height="4709" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Suvorov by <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Robinson" title="John Charles Robinson">John Charles Robinson</a> from a drawing by <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment">Assessment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Assessment">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suvorov's_art_of_war">Suvorov's art of war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Suvorov's art of war">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Suvorov.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Alexander_Suvorov.PNG/220px-Alexander_Suvorov.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Alexander_Suvorov.PNG/330px-Alexander_Suvorov.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Alexander_Suvorov.PNG/440px-Alexander_Suvorov.PNG 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Alexander V. Suvorov, end of XIX century.</figcaption></figure> Suvorov is widely considered to be the single greatest and most talented military commander in all of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian history</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908789-174">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1022-176">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[166]</a> the most gifted commander of the eighteenth century,<a href="#cite_note-:83-179">[167]</a> and one of the greatest generals in world history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939198-180">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[170]</a> Suvorov has also been described as the best general <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republican France</a> ever fought,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017108-10">[8]</a> and the best <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Coalition</a> general when he was active.<a href="#cite_note-183">[171]</a> Undefeated in battle,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth196611,_305-11">[9]</a> he led and won 63 battles without suffering a major defeat or setback.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:922-184">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[173]</a> Suvorov won despite being outnumbered in almost all of his battles,<a href="#cite_note-:922-184">[172]</a> defeating many of the best commanders of the time period, those being <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald" title="Étienne Macdonald">Étienne Macdonald</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Jean Victor Marie Moreau</a> of France, and <a href="/wiki/Koca_Yusuf_Pasha" title="Koca Yusuf Pasha">Koca Yusuf Pasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cenaze_Hasan_Pasha" title="Cenaze Hasan Pasha">Cenaze Hasan Pasha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aydoslu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Aydoslu Mehmed Pasha">Aydoslu Mehmed Pasha</a> of the Ottoman Empire. Notably, Suvorov defeated the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Revolutionary Army</a> multiple times, which was regarded as the best in the world, and Masséna, arguably the best French Revolutionary general, who had superior forces in terms of experience, morale, and numbers.<a href="#cite_note-186">[174]</a> Moreau ultimately ranked Suvorov alongside <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, while also describing Suvorov's <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">victory at Trebbia</a> as "the height of the art of war", while writer <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Binder_von_Krieglstein" title="Eugen Binder von Krieglstein">Eugen Binder von Krieglstein</a> ranked Suvorov as one of the greatest commanders of all time, alongside Napoleon and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9222-187">[175]</a> Renowned military officer and theorist <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Henri_Jomini" title="Antoine-Henri Jomini">Antoine-Henri Jomini</a> called Suvorov "the true genius of war".<a href="#cite_note-188">[176]</a> Naval officer <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">John Paul Jones</a>, referred to as the "Father of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">American Navy</a>", labeled Suvorov the "greatest warrior" and ranked him alongside <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus" title="Gustavus Adolphus">Gustavus Adolphus</a> and Frederick the Great.<a href="#cite_note-189">[177]</a> The British historian <a href="/wiki/Simon_Sebag_Montefiore" title="Simon Sebag Montefiore">Simon Sebag Montefiore</a> called Suvorov Russia's most brilliant general and ranked him as one of the modern military geniuses, along with Napoleon and Frederick the Great.<a href="#cite_note-190">[178]</a> In 1799, Napoleon himself warned the <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a> that that they would not be able to stop Suvorov unless they found generals with "special skill in fighting him".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth1966311-191">[179]</a> In 1807, Macdonald declared to the Russian ambassador at a reception with Napoleon and a crowd around that "This crew would never have seen the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries</a> if you had had a second Suvorov".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939152-192">[180]</a> While on a campaign, he reportedly lived as a private soldier, sleeping on straw and contenting himself with the humblest fare.<a href="#cite_note-193">[181]</a> Suvorov saw victory as dependent on the morale, training, and initiative of the front-line soldier. In battle he emphasized speed and mobility, accuracy of gunfire and the use of the bayonet, as well as detailed planning and careful strategy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> His motto: <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C5%93il" title="Coup d'œil">coup d'oeil</a> (glazomer), speed (bystrota), impetus (natisk).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199917-194">[182]</a> He abandoned traditional drills, and communicated with his troops in clear and understandable ways. Suvorov also took great care of his army's supplies and living conditions, reducing cases of illness among his soldiers dramatically, and earning their loyalty and affection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-37">[33]</a> A master of logistics, Suvorov ordered his officers, <a href="/wiki/Quartermasters" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartermasters">quartermasters</a> and doctors to keep the welfare and fitness of the troops in the forefront of their attentions. He severely punished, often with <a href="/wiki/Courts-martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts-martial">courts-martial</a>, any officers who senselessly or cruelly drilled their troops or who failed to maintain his high sanitary and health standards. Although a strict disciplinarian, he took extenuating circumstances into account. Once a soldier or officer had been punished or reprimanded, Suvorov would do his utmost to rehabilitate him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> Suvorov "did not know retreat", he constantly acted offensively and in accordance with the situation was looking for a fight, not evaded it, but he did not overuse the battles, the fight always turned out to be appropriate, necessary in the <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">operation</a>, and moreover decisive; if he got the chance to confront his enemy, he used it with all the energy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892337-122">[111]</a> Suvorov's guiding principle was to detect the weakest point of an enemy and focus an attack upon that area. He would send forth his units in small groups as they arrived on the battlefield to sustain momentum. Suvorov used aimed fire instead of repeated barrages from <a href="/wiki/Line_infantry" title="Line infantry">line infantry</a> and applied light infantrymen as <a href="/wiki/Skirmisher" title="Skirmisher">skirmishers</a> and sharpshooters. He used a variety of army sizes and types of formations against different foes: <a href="/wiki/Infantry_square" title="Infantry square">squares</a> against the Turks, <a href="/wiki/Line_(formation)" title="Line (formation)">lines</a> against Poles, and <a href="/wiki/Column_(formation)" title="Column (formation)">columns</a> against the French.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> Suvorov believed that "a military man must know the languages of the nations with whom he is fighting," so he developed a fluent command of French, German, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a>, Italian, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, as well as some knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. He also rejected a suggestion that the Russian army rid itself of <a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">its musicians</a>, saying, <blockquote>"music doubles, trebles the force of an army."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_Alex_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Suvorov_Alex_V.jpg/220px-Suvorov_Alex_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Suvorov_Alex_V.jpg/330px-Suvorov_Alex_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Suvorov_Alex_V.jpg/440px-Suvorov_Alex_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption>Alexander V. Suvorov by <a href="/wiki/George_Dawe" title="George Dawe">George Dawe</a>, painted no later than 1830. </figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/D._S._Mirsky" title="D. S. Mirsky">D. S. Mirsky</a>, Suvorov "gave much attention to the form of his correspondence, and especially of his orders of the day. These latter are highly original, deliberately aiming at unexpected and striking effects. Their style is a succession of nervous staccato sentences, which produce the effect of blow and flashes. Suvorov's official reports often assume a memorable and striking form. His writings are as different from the common run of classical prose as his tactics were from those of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Prussia">Frederick</a> or <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">Marlborough</a>".<a href="#cite_note-histrusslit-195">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Ivanovich_Dragomirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov">Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov</a> declared that he based his teaching on Suvorov's practice, which he held as representative of the fundamental truths of war and of the military qualities of the Russian nation.<a href="#cite_note-196">[184]</a> Suvorov's maneuvering of the Alps led him to be called the "Russian <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>",<a href="#cite_note-:82-197">[185]</a> and was also referred to as the "Russian <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>" and "God of War".<a href="#cite_note-198">[186]</a> The French king, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>, compared Suvorov to <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suvorov_and_Napoleon">Suvorov and Napoleon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Suvorov and Napoleon">edit</a>]</div> Suvorov considered <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> to be the greatest military commanders of all time. Suvorov is seen as having anticipated Napoleon's tactics, and is regarded as being on par with him in terms of military genius.<a href="#cite_note-:8-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939129,_153,_197-200">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth196612,_311-201">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[190]</a> Like Napoleon, Suvorov believed that opportunities in battle are created by fortune but exploited by intelligence, experience and an intuitive vision. To Suvorov, mastery of the art and science of war was not, therefore, purely instinctive. Suvorov kept up with events in Europe by subscribing to foreign newspapers and journals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> He had written to one of his nephews in 1796:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999269-203">[191]</a> <blockquote>"That young Bonaparte, how he moves! He is a hero, a giant, a magician. He overcomes nature and he overcomes men. He turned the Alps<a href="#cite_note-204">[m]</a> as if they did not exist; he has hidden their frightful rocks in his pocket, and tucked up his army up the right sleeve of his uniform. The enemy scarcely catches sight his soldiers before he throws his troops at them like a thunderbolt from <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a>, spreading terror in all directions, and crushing the scattered bands of Austrians and Piedmontese. My God, how he moves! The first time he assumed command he cut to the heart of tactics like a sword slashing through the <a href="/wiki/Gordian_Knot" title="Gordian Knot">Gordian Knot</a>. He disregards the odds against him, he attacks the enemy wherever they are to be found, and he <a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">defeats them in detail</a>. He knows that shock is irresistibe—and that says it all. His enemies will continue in their old routine, <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_wars" title="Cabinet wars">subject to the scribblers in the Cabinet</a>, but as for him, he carries his council of war in his head. His operations are as free as the air he breathes… My conclusion is this. That as long as General Bonaparte keeps his wits about him he will be victorious; he possesses the higher elements of the military art in a happy balance. But if, unfortunately for him, he throws himself into the whirlpool of politics, he will lose the coference of his thoughts and he will be lost."</blockquote> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:783px;max-width:783px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_with_a_Field-Marshal%27s_batoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Suvorov_with_a_Field-Marshal%27s_batoon.jpg/250px-Suvorov_with_a_Field-Marshal%27s_batoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Suvorov_with_a_Field-Marshal%27s_batoon.jpg/375px-Suvorov_with_a_Field-Marshal%27s_batoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Suvorov_with_a_Field-Marshal%27s_batoon.jpg/500px-Suvorov_with_a_Field-Marshal%27s_batoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="2007" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Suvorov with a Field-Marshal's <a href="/wiki/Baton_(military)" title="Baton (military)">baton</a> (unknown author)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:527px;max-width:527px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%90.%D0%92._-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%90.%D0%92._-_panoramio.jpg/525px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%90.%D0%92._-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="525" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%90.%D0%92._-_panoramio.jpg/788px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%90.%D0%92._-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%90.%D0%92._-_panoramio.jpg/1050px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%90.%D0%92._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Monument to Suvorov, A. V., in Moscow</div></div></div></div></div> Suvorov held Napoleon in high regard, despite not living to see the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. However, Napoleon did not reciprocate Suvorov's esteem, assessing Suvorov as having "the soul of a great commander, but not the brains. He was extremely strong willed, he was amazingly active and utterly fearless—but he was as devoid of genius as he was ignorant of the art of war".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999269-203">[191]</a> Despite the two never facing each other, military historians often debate between Suvorov and Napoleon as to who was the superior commander.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Too_many_photos plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Image_cancel.svg/40px-Image_cancel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Image_cancel.svg/60px-Image_cancel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Image_cancel.svg/80px-Image_cancel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section contains too many pictures for its overall length. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Suvorov##" title="Talk:Alexander Suvorov">talk page</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GALLERY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GALLERY">indiscriminate collections of images</a> or adjusting images that are <a href="/wiki/MOS:SANDWICH" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:SANDWICH">sandwiching text</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Manual of Style on use of images</a>. (April 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvorov_Grave_Down.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Suvorov_Grave_Down.JPG/200px-Suvorov_Grave_Down.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Suvorov_Grave_Down.JPG/300px-Suvorov_Grave_Down.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Suvorov_Grave_Down.JPG/399px-Suvorov_Grave_Down.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="1559" /></a><figcaption>Suvorov's tomb at <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Alexander Nevsky Lavra</a> in Saint Petersburg</figcaption></figure> Suvorov was buried in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Alexander Nevsky Lavra</a>. His gravestone states simply: "Here lies Suvorov". Within a year after his death, <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a> was murdered in his bedroom for his disastrous leadership by a band of dismissed officers and his son and successor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a> erected <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Monument_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="Suvorov Monument (Saint Petersburg)">a statue to Suvorov's memory</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Field_of_Mars_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="Field of Mars (Saint Petersburg)">Field of Mars</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Monument_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="Suvorov Monument (Saint Petersburg)">Monument to Suvorov</a> as youthful <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/God_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="God of war">god of war</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kozlovsky" title="Mikhail Kozlovsky">Mikhail Kozlovsky</a> in St. Petersburg (1801)</figcaption></figure> Suvorov's revolutionary methods of waging war endure in his prodigious literary, documentary and <a href="/wiki/Epistolary_poem" title="Epistolary poem">epistolary</a> output. He was famed for his military writings, the most well-known being The Science of Victory (The Science of Winning) and <a href="/wiki/Suzdal" title="Suzdal">Suzdal</a> Regulations, and lesser-known works such as Rules for the Kuban and <a href="/wiki/Crimean" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean">Crimean</a> Corps, Rules for the Conduct of Military Actions in the Mountains (written during his Swiss campaign), and Rules for the Medical Officers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> Suvorov was also noted for several of his sayings:<a href="#cite_note-205">[192]</a> <blockquote>"What is difficult in training will become easy in a battle."</blockquote> <blockquote>"Perish yourself but rescue your comrade!"</blockquote> <blockquote>"Fight the enemy with the weapons he lacks."</blockquote> <blockquote>"One minute can decide the outcome of the battle, one hour — the outcome of the campaign, and one day — the fate of the country."</blockquote> <blockquote>"He who is afraid is half beaten."</blockquote> <blockquote>"To me death is better than the defensive."</blockquote> <blockquote>"A strong pursuit, give no time for the enemy to think, take advantage of victory, uproot him, cut off his escape route."</blockquote> <blockquote>"When the enemy is driven back, we have failed, and when he is cut off, encircled and dispersed, we have succeeded."</blockquote> He taught his soldiers to attack instantly and decisively:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> <blockquote>"Attack with the cold steel! Push hard with the <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonet</a>!"</blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picswiss_GL-12-56.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Picswiss_GL-12-56.jpg/190px-Picswiss_GL-12-56.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Picswiss_GL-12-56.jpg/285px-Picswiss_GL-12-56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Picswiss_GL-12-56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue" title="Equestrian statue">Equestrian statue</a> of General Suvorov at <a href="/wiki/Elm,_Switzerland" title="Elm, Switzerland">Elm</a>, Switzerland.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spb_06-2017_img17_Suvorov_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Spb_06-2017_img17_Suvorov_Museum.jpg/190px-Spb_06-2017_img17_Suvorov_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Spb_06-2017_img17_Suvorov_Museum.jpg/285px-Spb_06-2017_img17_Suvorov_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Spb_06-2017_img17_Suvorov_Museum.jpg/380px-Spb_06-2017_img17_Suvorov_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="2061" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Museum" title="Suvorov Museum">Suvorov Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suworow1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Suworow1.jpg/202px-Suworow1.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Suworow1.jpg/303px-Suworow1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Suworow1.jpg/404px-Suworow1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Suvorov in the <a href="/wiki/Stanitsa" title="Stanitsa">stanitsa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leningradskaya_(rural_locality)" title="Leningradskaya (rural locality)">Leningradskaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar Krai</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%29.jpg/202px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%29.jpg/303px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%29.jpg/404px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="5553" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">Bust</a> of Suvorov in <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sch%C3%B6llenen_Suworowdenkmal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sch%C3%B6llenen_Suworowdenkmal.JPG/202px-Sch%C3%B6llenen_Suworowdenkmal.JPG" decoding="async" width="202" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sch%C3%B6llenen_Suworowdenkmal.JPG/303px-Sch%C3%B6llenen_Suworowdenkmal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sch%C3%B6llenen_Suworowdenkmal.JPG/404px-Sch%C3%B6llenen_Suworowdenkmal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suvorov_Monument_(Switzerland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suvorov Monument (Switzerland) (page does not exist)">Suvorov Monument</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suworow-Denkmal" class="extiw" title="de:Suworow-Denkmal">de</a>] in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gedenktafel_Suworow_Balzers_02_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gedenktafel_Suworow_Balzers_02_12.jpg/202px-Gedenktafel_Suworow_Balzers_02_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gedenktafel_Suworow_Balzers_02_12.jpg/303px-Gedenktafel_Suworow_Balzers_02_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gedenktafel_Suworow_Balzers_02_12.jpg/404px-Gedenktafel_Suworow_Balzers_02_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1049" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Memorial_plaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial plaque">Memorial plaque</a> to the passage of Suvorov's army in October 1799 at the Hotel Hofbalzers in <a href="/wiki/Balzers" title="Balzers">Balzers</a>; <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>. The plaque is a donation of <a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Falz-Fein" title="Eduard von Falz-Fein">Baron Eduard Alexandrowitsch von Falz-Fein</a> and has been placed on 11 October 1985.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82._1828_Grevedon_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82._1828_Grevedon_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg/202px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82._1828_Grevedon_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82._1828_Grevedon_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg/303px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82._1828_Grevedon_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82._1828_Grevedon_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg/404px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82._1828_Grevedon_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>Commander Suvorov Alexander Vasilyevich. <a href="/wiki/Lithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithograph">Lithograph</a> of 1828. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gr%C3%A9vedon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Grévedon (page does not exist)">Henri Grévedon</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9vedon" class="extiw" title="fr:Henri Grévedon">fr</a>]</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/202px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/303px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/404px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Engraved portrait of Generalissimo Suvorov, made in 1870, on which the victory at Rymnik is symbolically depicted in the center of the engraving. Adolf I. Charlemagne</figcaption></figure> A "Suvorov school" of generals who had apprenticed under him played a prominent role in the Russian military. Among them was future Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Mikhail Kutuzov</a> who led the <a href="/wiki/Russian_imperial_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian imperial army">Russian imperial army</a> against Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars, including the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> Suvorov, a follower of <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I the Great">Peter I the Great</a> and a pupil of Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Rumyantsev" title="Pyotr Rumyantsev">Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky</a>, brought up a pleiad of remarkable commanders and military leaders, among whom the most outstanding were, except for Kutuzov, Generals of the Infantry <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">P. I. Bagration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Miloradovich" title="Mikhail Miloradovich">M. A. Miloradovich</a>. On his ideas were brought up Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Milyutin" title="Dmitry Milyutin">D. A. Milyutin</a>, Generals of the Infantry <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Dragomirov" title="Mikhail Dragomirov">M. I. Dragomirov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Skobelev" title="Mikhail Skobelev">M. D. Skobelev</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="General of the Cavalry">General of the Cavalry</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Brusilov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksey Brusilov">A. A. Brusilov</a>, and other famous military figures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZolotaryov2023-27">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Museum" title="Suvorov Museum">Suvorov Museum</a> opened in Saint Petersburg in 1900 to commemorate the centenary of the general's death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiangrandeNorwich2003-206">[193]</a> Apart from in St. Petersburg, other Suvorov museums and monuments have feature in <a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani" title="Focșani">Focșani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ochakiv" title="Ochakiv">Ochakiv</a>(-ov) [1907<a href="#cite_note-207">[n]</a>], <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> [1983], <a href="/wiki/Tulchyn" title="Tulchyn">Tulchyn</a>(-in) [1954], <a href="/wiki/Kobryn" title="Kobryn">Kobryn</a>(-in) [1949; 1950; 1964], <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Ladoga" title="Novaya Ladoga">Novaya Ladoga</a> [1947], <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a> [1904], <a href="/wiki/Timanovka_(Tulchinsky_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timanovka (Tulchinsky district)">Tymanivka</a> or Timanovka [1947; 1950], <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> [1984], <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a> [1956], Konchanskoye-Suvorovskoye [1942], <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnicu_S%C4%83rat" title="Râmnicu Sărat">Râmnicu Sărat</a> or Rymnik,<a href="#cite_note-208">[o]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elm,_Switzerland" title="Elm, Switzerland">Elm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andermatt" title="Andermatt">Andermatt</a> which are in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a>, etc. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> revived the memory of many pre-1917 Russian heroes to raise patriotism. Suvorov was the Tsarist military figure most often referred to by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, who also received (but did not personally use) the rank of Generalissimo that Suvorov had previously held. The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Suvorov" title="Order of Suvorov">Order of Suvorov</a> was established by the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> on 29 July 1942, and it is still awarded to senior army personnel for exceptional leadership in combat operations against superior enemy forces.<a href="#cite_note-Suvorov-209">[194]</a> The town of <a href="/wiki/Suvorovo" title="Suvorovo">Suvorovo</a> in Varna Province, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, was named after Suvorov during the <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> period, as was the Russian ship which discovered <a href="/wiki/Suwarrow" title="Suwarrow">Suwarrow</a> Island in the Pacific in 1814. Various currency notes of the <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">Transnistrian ruble</a> depict Suvorov.<a href="#cite_note-210">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[196]</a> There is a <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Square_(Tiraspol)" title="Suvorov Square (Tiraspol)">Suvorov Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic">Transnistria</a>, named after Alexander Vasilyevich, and <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Square_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="Suvorov Square (Saint Petersburg)">another in Saint Petersburg</a>. His prowess, military wisdom, and daring remain in high regard. Another of his many utterances are well known in the Russian military: <blockquote>"Achieve victory not by numbers, but by knowing how."</blockquote> <blockquote>"The bullet is a mad thing; only the bayonet knows what it is about."</blockquote> <blockquote>"Train hard, fight easy. Train easy and you will have hard fighting."</blockquote> "Train hard, fight easy" became a Russian <a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">proverb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsinger1996-22">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Petrushevsky" title="Alexander Petrushevsky">Alexander Petrushevsky</a> in third volume of his work Generalissimo Prince Suvorov quoted a small song of Russian soldiers about Alexander Suvorov, Pyotr Rumyantsev, and Grigory Potemkin:<a href="#cite_note-212">[197]</a> <blockquote><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky">Count Rumyantsev</a>-general Lost a lot of strength. Thief <a href="/wiki/Potemkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Potemkin">Potemkin</a>-general Was never in his own regiment, He neglected all his strength: Some of it he drank, some of it he squandered, Some of it he lost at cards. And Suvorov-general Proved his strength, He loaded a small cannon, He took <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">the king</a> prisoner.</blockquote> In Russia, there are 12 secondary-level military schools called <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Military_School" title="Suvorov Military School">Suvorov Military School</a> that were established during the USSR. There is also a military school in <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Suvorov_Military_School" title="Minsk Suvorov Military School">Minsk</a> named after Suvorov.<a href="#cite_note-213">[198]</a> In Soviet times, the 1941 film <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_(film)" title="Suvorov (film)">Suvorov</a> was made (released in the US as General Suvorov). Russia's former defence minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a> has proposed that Suvorov be made a saint in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous_art">Miscellaneous art</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous art">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coins">Coins</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Coins">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RR5111-0083R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; A. V. Suvorov, 3 rubles reverse."><img alt="Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; A. V. Suvorov, 3 rubles reverse." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/RR5111-0083R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/120px-RR5111-0083R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/RR5111-0083R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/180px-RR5111-0083R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/RR5111-0083R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/240px-RR5111-0083R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="269" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Russia">Bank of Russia</a> coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; A. V. Suvorov, 3 rubles reverse.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RR5115-0021R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; A. V. Suvorov, 25 rubles reverse."><img alt="Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; A. V. Suvorov, 25 rubles reverse." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RR5115-0021R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/120px-RR5115-0021R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RR5115-0021R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/180px-RR5115-0021R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RR5115-0021R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/240px-RR5115-0021R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1022" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; A. V. Suvorov, 25 rubles reverse.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RR5216-0028R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; Generalissimo A. V. Suvorov, 50 rubles reverse."><img alt="Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; Generalissimo A. V. Suvorov, 50 rubles reverse." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RR5216-0028R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/120px-RR5216-0028R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RR5216-0028R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/180px-RR5216-0028R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RR5216-0028R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif/240px-RR5216-0028R_%D0%90._%D0%92._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.gif 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1026" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bank of Russia coin – Series: "Outstanding Russian Military Commanders"; Generalissimo A. V. Suvorov, 50 rubles reverse.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banknotes">Banknotes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Banknotes">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Kupon_ruble_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transnistria 5 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1994 series."><img alt="Transnistria 5 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1994 series." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/5_Kupon_ruble_obverse.jpg/120px-5_Kupon_ruble_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/5_Kupon_ruble_obverse.jpg/180px-5_Kupon_ruble_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/5_Kupon_ruble_obverse.jpg/240px-5_Kupon_ruble_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="281" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> 5 <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">Transnistrian rubles</a> <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_Republican_Bank" title="Transnistrian Republican Bank">Transnistrian Republican Bank</a>. 1994 series.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1993_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transnistria 1,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1993 series."><img alt="Transnistria 1,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1993 series." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1993_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/120px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1993_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1993_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1993_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1993_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/240px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1993_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="445" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transnistria 1,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1993 series.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_100_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81._1996_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transnistria 100,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1994 series."><img alt="Transnistria 100,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1994 series." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_100_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81._1996_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/120px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_100_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81._1996_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_100_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81._1996_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_100_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81._1996_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_100_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81._1996_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/240px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_100_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81._1996_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transnistria 100,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1994 series.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_500_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1997_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transnistria 500,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1997 series."><img alt="Transnistria 500,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1997 series." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_500_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1997_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/120px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_500_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1997_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_500_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1997_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_500_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1997_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_500_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1997_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg/240px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5_500_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_1997_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transnistria 500,000 Transnistrian rubles Transnistrian Republican Bank. 1997 series.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stamps">Stamps</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Stamps">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1950_CPA_1519_stamp_(150th_death_Anniversary_of_Alexander_Suvorov_(1730-1800)._%27Suvorov_in_the_Alps%27_based_on_drawing_by_Nikolai_Avvakumov,_1941)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="USSR stamp, 2 rubles; 150th anniversary of Suvorov's death; Suvorov in the Alps (artist Nikolay Mikhailovich Avvakumov [ru], 1941, Moscow, Pushkin Museum)."><img alt="USSR stamp, 2 rubles; 150th anniversary of Suvorov's death; Suvorov in the Alps (artist Nikolay Mikhailovich Avvakumov [ru], 1941, Moscow, Pushkin Museum)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Soviet_Union_1950_CPA_1519_stamp_%28150th_death_Anniversary_of_Alexander_Suvorov_%281730-1800%29._%27Suvorov_in_the_Alps%27_based_on_drawing_by_Nikolai_Avvakumov%2C_1941%29_2.jpg/79px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Soviet_Union_1950_CPA_1519_stamp_%28150th_death_Anniversary_of_Alexander_Suvorov_%281730-1800%29._%27Suvorov_in_the_Alps%27_based_on_drawing_by_Nikolai_Avvakumov%2C_1941%29_2.jpg/119px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Soviet_Union_1950_CPA_1519_stamp_%28150th_death_Anniversary_of_Alexander_Suvorov_%281730-1800%29._%27Suvorov_in_the_Alps%27_based_on_drawing_by_Nikolai_Avvakumov%2C_1941%29_2.jpg/158px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="455" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">stamp</a>, 2 rubles; 150th anniversary of Suvorov's death; Suvorov in the Alps (artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Mikhailovich_Avvakumov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Mikhailovich Avvakumov (page does not exist)">Nikolay Mikhailovich Avvakumov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(1908)" class="extiw" title="ru:Аввакумов, Николай Михайлович (1908)">ru</a>], 1941, Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Pushkin_Museum" title="Pushkin Museum">Pushkin Museum</a>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_USSR_0802g.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capture of Izmail. USSR. 10 kopecks. "Death flees the saber and bayonet of the brave." (Alexander Suvorov)."><img alt="Capture of Izmail. USSR. 10 kopecks. "Death flees the saber and bayonet of the brave." (Alexander Suvorov)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Stamp_of_USSR_0802g.jpg/86px-Stamp_of_USSR_0802g.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Stamp_of_USSR_0802g.jpg/130px-Stamp_of_USSR_0802g.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Stamp_of_USSR_0802g.jpg/173px-Stamp_of_USSR_0802g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1782" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Capture of Izmail. USSR. 10 <a href="/wiki/Kopecks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopecks">kopecks</a>. "Death flees the saber and bayonet of the brave." (Alexander Suvorov).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_stamp_1999_%E2%84%96_528.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian Postage stamp. 200th anniversary of Suvorov's crossing of the Alps. Suvorov with a group of officers and soldiers of the Russian army."><img alt="Russian Postage stamp. 200th anniversary of Suvorov's crossing of the Alps. Suvorov with a group of officers and soldiers of the Russian army." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Russia_stamp_1999_%E2%84%96_528.jpg/120px-Russia_stamp_1999_%E2%84%96_528.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Russia_stamp_1999_%E2%84%96_528.jpg/180px-Russia_stamp_1999_%E2%84%96_528.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Russia_stamp_1999_%E2%84%96_528.jpg/240px-Russia_stamp_1999_%E2%84%96_528.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Post" title="Russian Post">Russian Postage</a> stamp. 200th anniversary of Suvorov's crossing of the Alps. Suvorov with a group of officers and soldiers of the Russian army.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rus_Stamp_Suvorov-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian postage stamp, 2005."><img alt="Russian postage stamp, 2005." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rus_Stamp_Suvorov-2005.jpg/90px-Rus_Stamp_Suvorov-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rus_Stamp_Suvorov-2005.jpg/135px-Rus_Stamp_Suvorov-2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rus_Stamp_Suvorov-2005.jpg/180px-Rus_Stamp_Suvorov-2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="613" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian postage stamp, 2005.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Russia_2016_No_2171_Monument_to_Alexander_Suvorov_by_Dmitry_Tugarinov.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Monument to Alexander Suvorov and his Swiss assistant Antonio Gamma by Dmitry Nikitovich Tugarinov [ru]. Bronze. The Gotthard Pass, Switzerland. 31 rubles."><img alt="The Monument to Alexander Suvorov and his Swiss assistant Antonio Gamma by Dmitry Nikitovich Tugarinov [ru]. Bronze. The Gotthard Pass, Switzerland. 31 rubles." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Stamp_of_Russia_2016_No_2171_Monument_to_Alexander_Suvorov_by_Dmitry_Tugarinov.jpg/120px-Stamp_of_Russia_2016_No_2171_Monument_to_Alexander_Suvorov_by_Dmitry_Tugarinov.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Stamp_of_Russia_2016_No_2171_Monument_to_Alexander_Suvorov_by_Dmitry_Tugarinov.jpg/180px-Stamp_of_Russia_2016_No_2171_Monument_to_Alexander_Suvorov_by_Dmitry_Tugarinov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Stamp_of_Russia_2016_No_2171_Monument_to_Alexander_Suvorov_by_Dmitry_Tugarinov.jpg/240px-Stamp_of_Russia_2016_No_2171_Monument_to_Alexander_Suvorov_by_Dmitry_Tugarinov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1211" data-file-height="1205" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Monument to Alexander Suvorov and his Swiss assistant Antonio Gamma by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Nikitovich_Tugarinov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitry Nikitovich Tugarinov (page does not exist)">Dmitry Nikitovich Tugarinov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Тугаринов, Дмитрий Никитович">ru</a>]. Bronze. The Gotthard Pass, Switzerland. 31 rubles.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:USSR_stamp_A.V.Suvorov_1980_4k.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="USSR stamp, 1980. 250th anniversary of Suvorov's birth. 4 kopecks."><img alt="USSR stamp, 1980. 250th anniversary of Suvorov's birth. 4 kopecks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/USSR_stamp_A.V.Suvorov_1980_4k.jpg/86px-USSR_stamp_A.V.Suvorov_1980_4k.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/USSR_stamp_A.V.Suvorov_1980_4k.jpg/128px-USSR_stamp_A.V.Suvorov_1980_4k.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/USSR_stamp_A.V.Suvorov_1980_4k.jpg/171px-USSR_stamp_A.V.Suvorov_1980_4k.jpg 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="1271" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">USSR stamp, 1980. 250th anniversary of Suvorov's birth. 4 kopecks.</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Additional Swiss memorials</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 452px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 450px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Auf_dem_Panixerpassweg_bei_Elm_GL_-_Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_russische_Soldaten_-_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="On the Panixer Pass way near Elm GL: a memorial was inaugurated on 6 October 2012 at the Wichlen Shooting Range in Glarus Süd to commemorate the Russian soldiers who marched through here with General Alexander Suvorov during the Second Coalition War. The sculpture of a grenadier was placed on a rock, and a memorial plaque with an inscription is attached to the rock."><img alt="On the Panixer Pass way near Elm GL: a memorial was inaugurated on 6 October 2012 at the Wichlen Shooting Range in Glarus Süd to commemorate the Russian soldiers who marched through here with General Alexander Suvorov during the Second Coalition War. The sculpture of a grenadier was placed on a rock, and a memorial plaque with an inscription is attached to the rock." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Auf_dem_Panixerpassweg_bei_Elm_GL_-_Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_russische_Soldaten_-_3.jpg/675px-Auf_dem_Panixerpassweg_bei_Elm_GL_-_Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_russische_Soldaten_-_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Auf_dem_Panixerpassweg_bei_Elm_GL_-_Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_russische_Soldaten_-_3.jpg/1012px-Auf_dem_Panixerpassweg_bei_Elm_GL_-_Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_russische_Soldaten_-_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Auf_dem_Panixerpassweg_bei_Elm_GL_-_Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_russische_Soldaten_-_3.jpg/1350px-Auf_dem_Panixerpassweg_bei_Elm_GL_-_Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_russische_Soldaten_-_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">On the Panixer Pass way near Elm <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a>: a memorial was inaugurated on 6 October 2012 at the Wichlen Shooting Range in <a href="/wiki/Glarus_S%C3%BCd" title="Glarus Süd">Glarus Süd</a> to commemorate the Russian soldiers who marched through here with General Alexander Suvorov during the Second Coalition War. The sculpture of a grenadier was placed on a rock, and a memorial plaque with an inscription is attached to the rock.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Russenfriedhof_Weingarten-3909.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Memorial stone, erected 1957, dedicated to the Russian soldiers of Suvorov's Italian campaign, who died in the hospital of the Weingarten Abbey 1799, and are buried here. Weingarten, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Russian: Здесь покоятся суворовские чудо-богатыри, lit. 'This is the resting place of Suvorov's wonder-bogatyrs' German: Hier Ruhen Suworow-Helden, lit. 'Suvorov's heroes rest here'"><img alt="Memorial stone, erected 1957, dedicated to the Russian soldiers of Suvorov's Italian campaign, who died in the hospital of the Weingarten Abbey 1799, and are buried here. Weingarten, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Russian: Здесь покоятся суворовские чудо-богатыри, lit. 'This is the resting place of Suvorov's wonder-bogatyrs' German: Hier Ruhen Suworow-Helden, lit. 'Suvorov's heroes rest here'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Russenfriedhof_Weingarten-3909.jpg/302px-Russenfriedhof_Weingarten-3909.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Russenfriedhof_Weingarten-3909.jpg/453px-Russenfriedhof_Weingarten-3909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Russenfriedhof_Weingarten-3909.jpg/605px-Russenfriedhof_Weingarten-3909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2541" data-file-height="3781" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Memorial stone, erected 1957, dedicated to the Russian soldiers of Suvorov's Italian campaign, who died in the hospital of the <a href="/wiki/Weingarten_Abbey" title="Weingarten Abbey">Weingarten Abbey</a> 1799, and are buried here. <a href="/wiki/Weingarten,_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Weingarten, Württemberg">Weingarten</a>, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Здесь покоятся суворовские чудо-богатыри, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'This is the resting place of Suvorov's wonder-<a href="/wiki/Bogatyr" title="Bogatyr">bogatyrs</a>' <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Hier Ruhen Suworow-Helden, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'Suvorov's heroes rest here'</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> Due to "<a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">decommunization policies</a>" the street named after Suvorov in (<a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>'s capital) <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> was renamed after <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Omelianovych-Pavlenko" title="Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko">Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko</a> in 2016. Suvorov is not related to communism, but his name was used by the Soviet Union for propaganda purposes.<a href="#cite_note-215">[200]</a> In September 2022, a street that was named after Suvorov in <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a> (Ukraine) was renamed to honor <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[201]</a> In October 2022, during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Russian troops captured a monument to Suvorov in <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a> and took it with them as <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson#Russian_withdrawal_efforts" title="Liberation of Kherson">they fled the city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[202]</a> In December 2022, another street in Kyiv that was still named after Suvorov was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kotenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Serhiy Kotenko">Serhiy Kotenko</a> Street.<a href="#cite_note-218">[203]</a> In January 2023, an image of Suvorov on a monument was removed in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[204]</a> In Kherson the Suvorivskyi Raion (<a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Ukraine" title="Urban districts of Ukraine">urban district</a>), named after General Suvorov, was renamed to Tsentralnyi (Central) Raion in October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-220">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_references">Literary references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Literary references">edit</a>]</div> Poet <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shishkov" title="Alexander Shishkov">Alexander Shishkov</a> devoted an epitaph to Suvorov, while <a href="/wiki/Gavrila_Derzhavin" title="Gavrila Derzhavin">Gavrila Derzhavin</a> mentioned him in Snigir (Bullfinch) and other poems, calling Suvorov "an <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander</a> by military prowess, a <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">stoic</a> by valor". Suvorov was mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lermontov" title="Mikhail Lermontov">Mikhail Lermontov</a> and in the numerous works of other Russian poets of the 18th and 19th centuries, such as <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Dmitriev" title="Ivan Dmitriev">Ivan Dmitriev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollon_Maykov" title="Apollon Maykov">Apollon Maykov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Khvostov" title="Dmitry Khvostov">Dmitry Khvostov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yermil_Kostrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Yermil Kostrov">Yermil Kostrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kondraty_Ryleyev" title="Kondraty Ryleyev">Kondraty Ryleyev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Popugaev" title="Vasili Popugaev">Vasili Popugaev</a>. Kostrov, the first translator of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> into Russian, wrote an <a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">ode</a> in honor of Suvorov and an <a href="/wiki/Epistolary_novel" title="Epistolary novel">epistolary</a> on the capture of Izmail.<a href="#cite_note-221">[206]</a> In 1795 poet and soldier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinarkh_Zavalishin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irinarkh Zavalishin (page does not exist)">Irinarkh Zavalishin</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Завалишин, Иринарх Иванович">ru</a>], who had fought under the command of Alexander Suvorov, wrote a heroic poem titled "Suvoriada", celebrating Suvorov's victories. Suvorov is one of the characters in the drama "Antonio Gamba, Companion of Suvorov in the Alpine Mountains" by <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Glinka" title="Sergey Glinka">Sergey Glinka</a> which commemorates the Swiss expedition of 1799.<a href="#cite_note-222">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[208]</a> In British literature, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a> caricatured Suvorov in the seventh canto of <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(poem)" title="Don Juan (poem)">Don Juan</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace" title="War and Peace">War and Peace</a>, old <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Nicholas_Bolkonski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Nicholas Bolkonski (page does not exist)">Prince Nicholas Bolkonski</a> says: "Suvorov couldn't manage them so what chance has <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Michael Kutuzov</a>?". Tolstoy also refers to Suvorov later on in the book. Suvorov is also mentioned by Capt. Ryków in <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a>'s poem <a href="/wiki/Pan_Tadeusz" title="Pan Tadeusz">Pan Tadeusz</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Military_School" title="Suvorov Military School">Suvorov Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_military_canals" title="Suvorov military canals">Suvorov military canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwarrow" title="Suwarrow">Suwarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Museum" title="Suvorov Museum">Suvorov Museum, Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Museum,_Timanivka" title="Suvorov Museum, Timanivka">Suvorov Museum, Timanivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Suvorov" title="Order of Suvorov">Order of Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Suvorov" title="Medal of Suvorov">Medal of Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_(film)" title="Suvorov (film)">Suvorov (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Knyaz_Suvorov" title="Russian battleship Knyaz Suvorov">Russian battleship Knyaz Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cruiser_Aleksandr_Suvorov" title="Soviet cruiser Aleksandr Suvorov">Soviet cruiser Aleksandr Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov_(ship)" title="Aleksandr Suvorov (ship)">River cruise ship Aleksandr Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov%27s_Swiss_campaign" title="Suvorov's Swiss campaign">Suvorov's Swiss campaign</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_refs">Notes and refs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Notes and refs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Russian: Князь Италийский граф Александр Васильевич Суворов-Рымникский, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Knjazj Italijskij graf Aleksandr Vasiljevič Suvorov-Rymnikskij, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[knʲæsʲ ɪtɐˈlʲijsʲkʲɪj graf ɐlʲɪkˈsandr vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ sʊˈvorəf ˈrɨmnʲɪksʲkʲɪj]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> The Prince of Italy is the <a href="/wiki/Anglicised" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicised">anglicised</a> <a href="/wiki/Victory_title#Modern_victory_titles" title="Victory title">victory title</a> of "Knyaz Italiysky". In Russian language, "Italiysky" comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and Italian word <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italia</a> and is equivalent to the English word <a href="/wiki/Italic_(disambiguation)#Italy" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Italic (disambiguation)">Italic</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> The term Third Silesian War is a narrow concept of the Seven Years' War: the place of action is limited to Europe. Swedish <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> also uses the term <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_War" title="Pomeranian War">Pomeranian War</a>, which is confined only in <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Weisentin? </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Neugarten? / Neigarten? </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Petrushevsky: "According to a Polish source, 8,000 Poles in arms and 12,000 <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> residents killed." Or up to 20,000.<a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a> Only the killing of 20,000 Poles is indicated, without specifying civilians or Poles in arms. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> In Edith Bone's translation of Osipov's book, the meaning is slightly changed for rhyme in English. In the original (Petrushevsky and Longworth include this as well) it reads: "I am sitting on a rock And at Ochakov I look."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth1966148-74">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> The Russians lost 365 men in it, although Ottoman losses were greater. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> The place where, a year later, Bonaparte would score his <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">famous victory</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Examples of Suvorov caricatures <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Suvorov_caricature_1799.jpg">"General Swallow-all-o Feasting on a French Fricassee!!"</a> Library of Congress description: "Print shows a gigantic Russian soldier, possibly a gross caricature of Field Marshal Aleksandr Vasil'evich Suvorov, eating the severed head of a French soldier, another oversized man, a chef, holds a platter containing several more heads; refers to the defeat of the French in Italy by Russian forces under the command of Suvorov".</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodleian_Libraries,_General_Swarrow,_towing_the_French_Directory_into_Russia.jpg">"General Swarrow, towing the French Directory into Russia!!"</a> Suvorov took the <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">French Directory</a> captive. On Suvorov's uniform, on the right sleeve, a round red-yellow patch with the inscription "WARSAW" (reference to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga#Massacre" title="Battle of Praga">Praga massacre</a>).</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Cruikshank_-_Gen%5El_Swallow_Destroying_the_French_Army_-_B1981.25.1210_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg">"Gen'l Swallow Destroying the French Army."</a> Giant Suvorov in a pirate hat catches the fleeing French troops with a forks, devours them and tramples others. Just below Suvorov, a French soldier hides under a cannon.</li></ul> For others, see <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caricatures_of_Alexander_Suvorov">the related Wikicommons section</a>: </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> or up to 13,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999114-105">[95]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> When Suvorov was unaware of Korsakov's defeat, in the absence of news he preferred not to stop to let his exhausted army rest, which he directed instead, as early as the early hours of September 27, toward the <a href="/wiki/Kinzig_Pass" title="Kinzig Pass">Chinzig Chulm</a>, counting on bypassing the French by reaching Schwyz from the village of <a href="/wiki/Muotathal" title="Muotathal">Muotathal</a> (Mutten). </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrolean Alps">Tyrolean Alps</a>, during his 1796–1797 campaign. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> Year when the monument was built. </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rymnik#Gallery" title="Battle of Rymnik">Battle of Rymnik § Gallery</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199914-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy199914_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolevoy189713-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolevoy189713_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolevoy1897">Polevoy 1897</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth1966164-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongworth1966164_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongworth1966">Longworth 1966</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFremont-Barnes2006" class="citation book cs1">Fremont-Barnes, Gregory, ed. 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СУВОРОВ В СЕМИЛЕТНЕЙ ВОЙНЕ"</a>. исторических наук (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0235-7089">0235-7089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA&rft.atitle=%22...%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%92%D0%A3+%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%AF%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%AF+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9B+%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%AC%D0%9C%D0%90+%D0%A1+%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%99+%D0%A5%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%AE%22.+%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92+%D0%92+%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%99+%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%95&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0235-7089&rft.aulast=%D0%9D.&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%A3%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.ru%2Fitem.asp%3Fid%3D17897242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/27/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). 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Стасюлевича. pp. 98–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=98-99&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00298524%2Fpage%2F97%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/103/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 104–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=104-105&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F103%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runivers.ru/victories-dates/?month=1&day=24">"24.01.1772 г. – Начало осады Краковского замка"</a> [The Beginning of the Siege of the Kraków Castle]. <a href="/wiki/Runivers" title="Runivers">Runivers</a>. Календарь побед Русской армии (in Russian). Retrieved 8 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Runivers&rft.atitle=24.01.1772+%D0%B3.+%E2%80%93+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunivers.ru%2Fvictories-dates%2F%3Fmonth%3D1%26day%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-readerscomp-49"><a href="#cite_ref-readerscomp_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowley,_RobertParker,_Geoffrey2001" class="citation book cs1">Cowley, Robert; Parker, Geoffrey, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qOEu4ALwR-IC">The Reader's Companion to Military History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Books</a>. p. 457. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-12742-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-12742-9"><bdi>978-0-618-12742-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2006-09-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reader%27s+Companion+to+Military+History&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-618-12742-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqOEu4ALwR-IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294790/page/n101/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=96&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294790%2Fpage%2Fn101%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294790/page/n77/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 71–72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=71-72&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294790%2Fpage%2Fn77%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petrush-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Petrush_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petrush_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petrush_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294790/page/n129/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 122–123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=122-123&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294790%2Fpage%2Fn129%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Ledonne, 2003, p. 144 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oMpmAjRFh88C&q=Praga">Google Print</a> and Alexander, 1989, p. 317 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wpncp9oZx0AC&q=Praga&pg=PA317">Google Print (broken link)</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga#Massacre" title="Battle of Praga">Battle of Praga#Massacre</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bushko-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Bushko_56-0">^</a> (in Russian) Alexander Bushkov <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libereya.ru/biblus/bushkov/r2/">Russia that never existed</a>, cites <a href="/wiki/Adam_Jerzy_Czartoryski" title="Adam Jerzy Czartoryski">Adam Jerzy Czartoryski</a>'s memoirs that Suvorov was trying to prevent the massacre <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070927082452/http://libereya.ru/biblus/bushkov/r2/">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petrush2-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Petrush2_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexandr Fomich (2005) [1884]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.scps.ru/suvorov/pt17.htm">"17. Польская война: Прага; 1794."</a> [Polish war: Prague; 1794.]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0iAQAAIAAJ"><bdi lang="ru">Генералиссимус князь Суворов</bdi></a> [Generalissimo Prince Suvorov] (in Russian). Русская Симфония. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-98447-010-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-98447-010-0"><bdi>978-5-98447-010-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=17.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%3B+1794.&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-5-98447-010-0&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexandr+Fomich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.scps.ru%2Fsuvorov%2Fpt17.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tazbir-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Tazbir_58-0">^</a> (in Polish) <a href="/wiki/Janusz_Tazbir" title="Janusz Tazbir">Janusz Tazbir</a>, Polacy na Kremlu i inne historyje (Poles on Kreml and other stories), Iskry, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-207-1795-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-207-1795-2">978-83-207-1795-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iskry.com.pl/fragmenty/polacy-kreml.rtf">fragment online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325095603/http://www.iskry.com.pl/fragmenty/polacy-kreml.rtf">Archived</a> March 25, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1996" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Norman (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN0198201710">Europe: A History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jrVW9W9eiYMC&pg=PA722">722</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060974680" title="Special:BookSources/0060974680"><bdi>0060974680</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%3A+A+History&rft.pages=722&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0060974680&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISBN0198201710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1999" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Simon (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN052137961X">The Modernisation of Russia, 1676–1825</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SeNvABpQxYC&pg=PA41">41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052137961X" title="Special:BookSources/052137961X"><bdi>052137961X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modernisation+of+Russia%2C+1676%E2%80%931825&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=052137961X&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISBN052137961X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-How-61"><a href="#cite_ref-How_61-0">^</a> John Leslie Howard, Soldiers of the Tsar: Army and Society in Russia, 1462–1874, Keep, Oxford University Press, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822575-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822575-1">978-0-19-822575-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X7aBrrs4iOMC&dq=Soviet+looting+Poland&pg=PA216">Google Print, p. 216</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBantysh-Kamensky1840136-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBantysh-Kamensky1840136_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBantysh-Kamensky1840136_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBantysh-Kamensky1840">Bantysh-Kamensky 1840</a>, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00298524/page/89/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 90–91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=90-91&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00298524%2Fpage%2F89%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1912323–325-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1912323–325_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1912">Velichko et al. 1912</a>, pp. 323–325. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/149/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=149&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F149%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/153/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=153&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F153%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov193947-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsipov193947_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsipov1939">Osipov 1939</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-P154155-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P154155_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-P154155_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/153/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 154–155.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=154-155&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F153%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/165/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=166&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F165%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/309/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 309.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=309&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F309%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/311/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 311.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=311&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F311%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/325/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 325.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=325&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F325%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/321/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 321.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=321&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F321%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth1966148-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongworth1966148_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongworth1966">Longworth 1966</a>, p. 148. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/331/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 332.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=332&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F331%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov193976-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsipov193976_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsipov1939">Osipov 1939</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/325/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 326–327.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=326-327&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F325%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/351/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 351–352.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=351-352&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F351%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/359/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 360.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=360&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F359%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_82-0">^</a> Longworth, Philip. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aleksandr-Vasilyevich-Suvorov-Graf-Rimniksky">Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov, Count Rimniksky</a>". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 May. 2023. Accessed 26 June 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/385/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. 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Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=188&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F187%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/187/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 188–191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=188-191&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F187%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutakov2007-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutakov2007_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutakov2007_87-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGutakov2007">Gutakov 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/201/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 201.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=201&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F201%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1915447-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1915447_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1915">Velichko et al. 1915</a>, p. 447. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900116–117-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900116–117_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, pp. 116–117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900119-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900119_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900280-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900280_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, p. 280. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294790/page/n13/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294790%2Fpage%2Fn13%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900418-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900418_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, p. 418. </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/405/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 406–407.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=406-407&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F405%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/409/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 410.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=410&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F409%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/411/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 412.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=412&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F411%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/443/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 443.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=443&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F443%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnionSullivanMullenZapata2017" class="citation web cs1">Onion, Amanda; Sullivan, Missy; Mullen, Matt; Zapata, Christian (September 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/romanov-family">"Romanov Family"</a>. HISTORY. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved June 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Romanov+Family&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft.aulast=Onion&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Missy&rft.au=Mullen%2C+Matt&rft.au=Zapata%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Feuropean-history%2Fromanov-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900519-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900519_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, p. 519. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 322. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovikov1948153-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovikov1948153_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNovikov1948">Novikov 1948</a>, p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999114-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999114_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElchaninov2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Elchaninov, A. (2003). История русской армии (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Полигон. p. 412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-89173-205-X" title="Special:BookSources/5-89173-205-X"><bdi>5-89173-205-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-89173-205-X&rft.aulast=Elchaninov&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemyonov2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semyonov, Boris (15 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://histrf.ru/read/articles/bitva-pri-novi-samaia-trudnaia-pobieda-suvorova">"Битва при Нови. Самая трудная победа Суворова"</a> [Battle of Novi. Suvorov's most difficult victory]. История.РФ (in Russian). Russian Military Historical Society. Retrieved 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%A0%D0%A4&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8.+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2019-08-15&rft.aulast=Semyonov&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistrf.ru%2Fread%2Farticles%2Fbitva-pri-novi-samaia-trudnaia-pobieda-suvorova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogolyubov1939118-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogolyubov1939118_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBogolyubov1939">Bogolyubov 1939</a>, p. 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900627-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900627_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, p. 627. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebbia_(1799)#Result" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Trebbia (1799)">Battle of the Trebbia (1799)#Result</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892315,_331-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892315,_331_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, pp. 315, 331. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Marengo_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Marengo (1799)">First Battle of Marengo (1799)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Battle of Novi (1799)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov189292–93-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov189292–93_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, pp. 92–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199940-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy199940_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of Cassano (1799)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov189273-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov189273_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892332-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892332_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 332. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilyutin1852254-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilyutin1852254_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMilyutin1852">Milyutin 1852</a>, p. 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebbia_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Trebbia (1799)">Battle of the Trebbia (1799)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892337-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892337_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892337_122-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 337. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322–323-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322–323_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892322–323_123-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, pp. 322–323. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892323-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892323_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 323. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316_125-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892316_125-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 316. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892315-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov1892315_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 315. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlov189283-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlov189283_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlov1892">Orlov 1892</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Suvorov%27s_Swiss_campaign#The_march_to_Glarus" title="Suvorov's Swiss campaign">Suvorov's Swiss campaign#The march to Glarus</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Suvorov%27s_Swiss_campaign" title="Suvorov's Swiss campaign">Suvorov's Swiss campaign (infobox)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gotthard_Pass" title="Battle of Gotthard Pass">Battle of Gotthard Pass</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_131-1">b</a> See <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagna_svizzera_di_Suvorov#/media/File:Campagna_Suvorov_svizzera_1799.png" class="extiw" title="it:Campagna svizzera di Suvorov">Suvorov's Swiss campaign route (map)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_132-1">b</a> See <a href="/wiki/Suvorov%27s_Swiss_campaign#The_crossing_of_Chinzig" title="Suvorov's Swiss campaign">Suvorov's Swiss campaign#The crossing of Chinzig</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n275/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 262.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=262&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn275%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCS-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCS_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCS_134-1">b</a> See <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Швейцарский поход Суворова">ru:Швейцарский поход Суворова</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n277/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 265–266.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=265-266&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn277%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908344-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908344_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908344_137-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 344. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERostunov1989496-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERostunov1989496_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRostunov1989">Rostunov 1989</a>, p. 496. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n283/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 269–270.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=269-270&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn283%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> See <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Сражение в Мутенской долине">ru:Сражение в Мутенской долине</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatimer,_Jon1999" class="citation journal cs1">Latimer, Jon (December 1999). "War of the Second Coalition". Military History: 62–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+History&rft.atitle=War+of+the+Second+Coalition&rft.pages=62-69&rft.date=1999-12&rft.au=Latimer%2C+Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900697-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky1900697_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, p. 697. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n355/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 343.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=343&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn355%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n329/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 317–318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=317-318&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn329%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n331/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=318&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn331%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n331/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 319.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=319&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn331%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_148-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_148-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n333/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 320–321.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=320-321&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn333%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n299/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 286.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=286&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn299%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n375/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 363.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=363&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn375%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthing181316-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthing181316_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnthing1813">Anthing 1813</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://az.lib.ru/s/suworow_a_w/text_1953_prilozhenia_ko_4_tomu.shtml">"А. В. СУВОРОВ"</a>. az.lib.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=az.lib.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%90.+%D0%92.+%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faz.lib.ru%2Fs%2Fsuworow_a_w%2Ftext_1953_prilozhenia_ko_4_tomu.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth196656-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongworth196656_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongworth1966">Longworth 1966</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky190048-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrushevsky190048_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetrushevsky1900">Petrushevsky 1900</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://az.lib.ru/p/petrushewskij_a_f/text_1884_generalissimus_suvorov.shtml">"Generalissimo Prince Suvorov"</a>. az.lib.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=az.lib.ru&rft.atitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faz.lib.ru%2Fp%2Fpetrushewskij_a_f%2Ftext_1884_generalissimus_suvorov.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPares1926309-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPares1926309_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPares1926">Pares 1926</a>, p. 309. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908263-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908263_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Marengo_(1799)#Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Marengo (1799)">First Battle of Marengo (1799)#Forces</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n115/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 103–134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=103-134&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn115%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin191421–24-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin191421–24_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1914">Velichko et al. 1914</a>, pp. 21–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908343-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908343_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908343_161-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999177-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999177_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999181-163"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999181_163-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 181. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999188-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999188_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 188. </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-165"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2003" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3A180645">Lion of the Russian Army: Life and Military Career of Prince General Peter Bagration</a>. Florida State University. pp. 162–165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lion+of+the+Russian+Army%3A+Life+and+Military+Career+of+Prince+General+Peter+Bagration&rft.pages=162-165&rft.pub=Florida+State+University&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiginole.lib.fsu.edu%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Ffsu%253A180645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/page/n289/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 276–277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=276-277&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fpage%2Fn289%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov19397-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsipov19397_167-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsipov1939">Osipov 1939</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ordena-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ordena_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ordena_168-1">b</a> See <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87#Награды" class="extiw" title="ru:Суворов, Александр Васильевич">ru:Суворов, Александр Васильевич#Награды</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolovtsov19121-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolovtsov19121_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolovtsov1912">Polovtsov 1912</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikaberidze" title="Alexander Mikaberidze">Mikaberidze, Alexander</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3bt9AwAAQBAJ">Alexey Yermolov's Memoirs</a>. Lulu.com. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3bt9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211">211</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1105258183" title="Special:BookSources/978-1105258183"><bdi>978-1105258183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexey+Yermolov%27s+Memoirs&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1105258183&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3bt9AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199986-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy199986_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939190-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939190_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsipov1939">Osipov 1939</a>, p. 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20210204/suvorov-1595957207.html">"Мединский назвал настоящий рост генералиссимуса Суворова – РИА Новости, 04.02.2021"</a>. ria.ru (in Russian). 4 February 2021. Retrieved 2024-04-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ria.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%2C+04.02.2021&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20210204%2Fsuvorov-1595957207.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908789-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908789_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 789. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParetCraigGilbert1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paret" title="Peter Paret">Paret, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_A._Craig" title="Gordon A. 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Princeton University Press. pp. 356–357. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-09235-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-09235-4"><bdi>0-691-09235-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Makers+of+Modern+Strategy+from+Machiavelli+to+the+Nuclear+Age&rft.pages=356-357&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-691-09235-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakers-of-modern-strategy-from-machiavelli-to-the-nuclear-age-by-peter-paret-z-lib.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1022-176"><a href="#cite_ref-:1022_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Millar" title="James R. Millar">Millar, James R.</a>, ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference. pp. 928, 1503–1504. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-865693-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-865693-8"><bdi>0-02-865693-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Russian+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=928%2C+1503-1504&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-02-865693-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/obschestvo/1175860">"Александр Суворов признан лучшим полководцем в истории России"</a>. tass.ru (in Russian). 2014-05-09. Retrieved 2024-04-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tass.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fobschestvo%2F1175860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFШахмагонов2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Шахмагонов, Николай Фёдорович (2020). Генералиссимус Суворов (in Russian). Вече. pp. 3, 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-4484-8601-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-4484-8601-2"><bdi>978-5-4484-8601-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pages=3%2C+52&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-5-4484-8601-2&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:83-179"><a href="#cite_ref-:83_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2011" class="citation book cs1">Grant, R.G. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epdf.pub_commanders-rg-grant-dk">Commanders: History's Greatest Military Leaders</a>. DK Publishing. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-3696-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-3696-3"><bdi>978-1-4053-3696-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commanders%3A+History%27s+Greatest+Military+Leaders&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4053-3696-3&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fepdf.pub_commanders-rg-grant-dk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939198-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939198_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsipov1939">Osipov 1939</a>, p. 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFШишов2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Шишов, Алексей (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topreading.net/book-283695-aleksei-shishov-100-velikih-voenachalnikov">100 великих военачальников</a> [100 Great Military Leaders] (in Russian). Вече. pp. 188–193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-9533-2594-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-9533-2594-3"><bdi>978-5-9533-2594-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pages=188-193&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-5-9533-2594-3&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopreading.net%2Fbook-283695-aleksei-shishov-100-velikih-voenachalnikov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFРустамович2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Рустамович, Моллаев Алимсолтан (2017-04-06). Салимовна, Джелилова Саадат (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moluch.ru/young/archive/11/851/">"Три самых ярких полководца в мировой истории"</a>. Юный учёный (in Russian). 2 (11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoluch.ru%2Fyoung%2Farchive%2F11%2F851%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЗотов2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Зотов, Алексей (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topreading.net/book-44009-aleksei-zotov-glavnyi-sopernik-napoleona-velikii">Главный соперник Наполеона. Великий генерал Моро</a> [Napoleon's Main Rival: The Great General Moreau] (in Russian). Вече. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-9533-5877-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-9533-5877-4"><bdi>978-5-9533-5877-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-5-9533-5877-4&rft.aulast=%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopreading.net%2Fbook-44009-aleksei-zotov-glavnyi-sopernik-napoleona-velikii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:922-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:922_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:922_184-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFВолковский2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Волковский, Н. Л., ed. (2003). "Суворов — полководец и воспитатель". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prussia.online/books/istoriya-russkoy-armii-7-1">История русской армии: В 7 т.</a> [History of the Russian Army: In 7 volumes. Volume 1: From the birth of Rus' to the War of 1812.] (in Russian). Vol. 1: От зарождения Руси до войны 1812 г. ООО «Издательство Полигон». p. 441. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-89173-205-X" title="Special:BookSources/5-89173-205-X"><bdi>5-89173-205-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%94+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%92+7+%D1%82.&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9E+%C2%AB%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-89173-205-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprussia.online%2Fbooks%2Fistoriya-russkoy-armii-7-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFШахмагонов2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Шахмагонов, Николай Фёдорович (2020). Генералиссимус Суворов (in Russian). Вече. pp. 3, 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-4484-8601-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-4484-8601-2"><bdi>978-5-4484-8601-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pages=3%2C+6&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-5-4484-8601-2&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБогданов2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Богданов, Андрей Петрович (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belkadet.by/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B.pdf">Суворов. Победитель Европы</a> [Suvorov: European Winner] (PDF) (in Russian). Вече. pp. 2–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-4444-2234-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-4444-2234-2"><bdi>978-5-4444-2234-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B&rft.pages=2-5&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-5-4444-2234-2&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelkadet.by%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2F%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2.-%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C-%25D0%2595%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D1%258B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9222-187"><a href="#cite_ref-:9222_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFВолковский2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Волковский, Н. Л., ed. (2003). "Суворов — полководец и воспитатель". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prussia.online/books/istoriya-russkoy-armii-7-1">История русской армии: В 7 т.</a> [History of the Russian Army: In 7 volumes. Volume 1: From the birth of Rus' to the War of 1812.] (in Russian). Vol. 1: От зарождения Руси до войны 1812 г. ООО «Издательство Полигон». pp. 468–469. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-89173-205-X" title="Special:BookSources/5-89173-205-X"><bdi>5-89173-205-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%94+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%92+7+%D1%82.&rft.pages=468-469&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9E+%C2%AB%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-89173-205-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprussia.online%2Fbooks%2Fistoriya-russkoy-armii-7-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСавинкин1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Савинкин, А.Е. (1999). Домнин, И.В. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prussia.online/Data/Book/vo/voennaya-misl-v-izgnanii/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%281999%29,%20OCR.pdf">Военная мысль в изгнании: Творчество русской военной эмиграции</a> [Military thought in exile: Creativity of the Russian military emigration] (PDF) (in Russian). Военный университет. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85887-056-2" title="Special:BookSources/5-85887-056-2"><bdi>5-85887-056-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=5-85887-056-2&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%90.%D0%95.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprussia.online%2FData%2FBook%2Fvo%2Fvoennaya-misl-v-izgnanii%2F%25D0%2592%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%25BC%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%2520%25D0%25B2%2520%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8%2520%25281999%2529%2C%2520OCR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБогданов2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Богданов, Андрей Петрович (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belkadet.by/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B.pdf">Суворов. Победитель Европы</a> [Suvorov: European Winner] (PDF) (in Russian). Вече. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-4444-2234-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-4444-2234-2"><bdi>978-5-4444-2234-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-5-4444-2234-2&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelkadet.by%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2F%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2.-%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C-%25D0%2595%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D1%258B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontefiore2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sebag_Montefiore" title="Simon Sebag Montefiore">Montefiore, Simon Sebag</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl0000seba">The Life of Potemkin: The Prince of Princes</a>. Phoenix Press. pp. 382–383, 491–492. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-438-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-438-2"><bdi>1-84212-438-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Potemkin%3A+The+Prince+of+Princes&rft.pages=382-383%2C+491-492&rft.pub=Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-84212-438-2&rft.aulast=Montefiore&rft.aufirst=Simon+Sebag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprinceofprincesl0000seba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongworth1966311-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongworth1966311_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongworth1966">Longworth 1966</a>, p. 311. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939152-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsipov1939152_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsipov1939">Osipov 1939</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossRoss2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_T._Ross" title="Steven T. Ross">Ross, Steven T.</a>; Ross, P. Stewart Michael (2010). The A to Z of the Wars of the French Revolution (Volume 203 of The A to Z Guide Series). <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810876323" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810876323"><bdi>978-0810876323</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Wars+of+the+French+Revolution+%28Volume+203+of+The+A+to+Z+Guide+Series%29&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0810876323&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Steven+T.&rft.au=Ross%2C+P.+Stewart+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy199917-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy199917_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-histrusslit-195"><a href="#cite_ref-histrusslit_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirsky1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._S._Mirsky" title="D. S. Mirsky">Mirsky, D.S.</a> (1999). A History of Russian Literature. <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Press" title="Northwestern University Press">Northwestern University Press</a>. pp. 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-1679-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-1679-5"><bdi>978-0-8101-1679-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Russian+Literature&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8101-1679-5&rft.aulast=Mirsky&rft.aufirst=D.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeganWheatcroft2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">Keegan, John</a>; Wheatcroft, Andrew (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YqCOAwAAQBAJ">Who's Who in Military History: From 1453 to the Present Day</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YqCOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79">79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415260398" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415260398"><bdi>978-0415260398</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Military+History%3A+From+1453+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0415260398&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Wheatcroft%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYqCOAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:82-197"><a href="#cite_ref-:82_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2011" class="citation book cs1">Grant, R.G. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epdf.pub_commanders-rg-grant-dk">Commanders: History's Greatest Military Leaders</a>. DK Publishing. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-3696-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-3696-3"><bdi>978-1-4053-3696-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commanders%3A+History%27s+Greatest+Military+Leaders&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4053-3696-3&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fepdf.pub_commanders-rg-grant-dk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ng.ru/ng_exlibris/2023-05-17/12_1174_suvorov.html">"Генералиссимус Суворов: от Державина до поэмы Симонова / / Независимая газета"</a>. www.ng.ru. 2023-05-17. Retrieved 2024-04-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ng.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%2F+%2F+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ng.ru%2Fng_exlibris%2F2023-05-17%2F12_1174_suvorov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkripnik2017" class="citation web cs1">Skripnik, Oleg (2017-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbth.com/arts/2017/01/06/russias-military-victories-arent-just-thanks-to-general-frost_668511">"Russia's military victories aren't just thanks to 'General Frost'"</a>. Russia Beyond. 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Вестник Московского университета МВД России (6): 211–214. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2073-0454">2073-0454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=211-214&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=2073-0454&rft.aulast=%D0%90.%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fmoralnoe-nasledie-generalissimusa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999269-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999269_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy1999269_203-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuffy1999">Duffy 1999</a>, p. 269. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azquotes.com/author/23845-Alexander_Suvorov">"Alexander Suvorov Quotes"</a>. A-Z Quotes. Retrieved 2024-04-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A-Z+Quotes&rft.atitle=Alexander+Suvorov+Quotes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azquotes.com%2Fauthor%2F23845-Alexander_Suvorov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiangrandeNorwich2003-206"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiangrandeNorwich2003_206-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGiangrandeNorwich2003">Giangrande & Norwich 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Suvorov-209"><a href="#cite_ref-Suvorov_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_4361.htm">"Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 7, 1942"</a> (in Russian). Legal Library of the USSR. 1942-07-29. Retrieved 2012-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decree+of+the+Presidium+of+the+Supreme+Soviet+of+the+USSR+of+July+7%2C+1942&rft.pub=Legal+Library+of+the+USSR&rft.date=1942-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libussr.ru%2Fdoc_ussr%2Fussr_4361.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrezianuSpânu2010" class="citation book cs1">Brezianu, Andrei; Spânu, Vlad (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SsF94kyuHs4C">The A to Z of Moldova</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1461672036" title="Special:BookSources/978-1461672036"><bdi>978-1461672036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+Moldova&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1461672036&rft.aulast=Brezianu&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rft.au=Sp%C3%A2nu%2C+Vlad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSsF94kyuHs4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2009" class="citation book cs1">King, Charles (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ug2nkFP-B-0C">Extreme Politics: Nationalism, Violence, and the End of Eastern Europe</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199708246" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199708246"><bdi>978-0199708246</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extreme+Politics%3A+Nationalism%2C+Violence%2C+and+the+End+of+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0199708246&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUg2nkFP-B-0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294791/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 377.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=377&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294791%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140805081326/http://www.mil.by/en/media/photo/education/msvu/">"Minsk Suvorov Military School"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mil.by/en/media/photo/education/msvu/">the original</a> on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minsk+Suvorov+Military+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mil.by%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Fphoto%2Feducation%2Fmsvu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-defender-18th-century-crimea-proposed-sainthood-2022-05-24/">"Russian defender of 18th-century Crimea proposed for sainthood"</a>. Reuters. 24 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russian+defender+of+18th-century+Crimea+proposed+for+sainthood&rft.date=2022-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussian-defender-18th-century-crimea-proposed-sainthood-2022-05-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/04/22/7291176/">Bandera Avenue in Kyiv to be – the decision of the Court of Appeal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (22 April 2021) </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/09/21/7368431/">"In the center of Dnipro, the street of Stepan Bandera appeared – the mayor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). 21 September 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=In+the+center+of+Dnipro%2C+the+street+of+Stepan+Bandera+appeared+%E2%80%93+the+mayor&rft.date=2022-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2022%2F09%2F21%2F7368431%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/10/24/7373217/">"Occupiers steal monuments to Suvorov and Ushakov when fleeing Kherson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a>. 24 October 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=Occupiers+steal+monuments+to+Suvorov+and+Ushakov+when+fleeing+Kherson&rft.date=2022-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Feng%2Fnews%2F2022%2F10%2F24%2F7373217%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOleksandr_Shumilin2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oleksandr Shumilin (8 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/12/8/7379893/">"n Kyiv, 32 more streets were de-Russified, including Druzhby Narodiv Boulevard"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 8 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=n+Kyiv%2C+32+more+streets+were+de-Russified%2C+including+Druzhby+Narodiv+Boulevard&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft.au=Oleksandr+Shumilin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2022%2F12%2F8%2F7379893%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOleksandr_Shumilin2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oleksandr Shumilin (3 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2023/01/3/162246/">"In Odesa, the images of the Russian tsar and admiral were dismantled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Istorychna Pravda ("Historical Truth")</a> (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 3 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Istorychna+Pravda+%28%22Historical+Truth%22%29&rft.atitle=In+Odesa%2C+the+images+of+the+Russian+tsar+and+admiral+were+dismantled&rft.date=2023-01-03&rft.au=Oleksandr+Shumilin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istpravda.com.ua%2Fshort%2F2023%2F01%2F3%2F162246%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-regions/3775416-u-hersoni-perejmenuvali-suvorovskij-rajon-mista-na-centralnij.html">"In Kherson, the city's Suvorovsky district was renamed Central"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (in Ukrainian). 18 October 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrinform&rft.atitle=In+Kherson%2C+the+city%27s+Suvorovsky+district+was+renamed+Central&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.ua%2Frubric-regions%2F3775416-u-hersoni-perejmenuvali-suvorovskij-rajon-mista-na-centralnij.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294789/page/443/mode/2up">Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</a> (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 444.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=444&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294789%2Fpage%2F443%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Замостьянов А. А. Гений войны Суворов. «Наука побеждать». М. Эксмо, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-699-62465-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-699-62465-2">978-5-699-62465-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Суворовский сборник. Статьи и исследования. ред. А. В. Сухомлин, генерал-лейтенант. М. АН СССР. 1951 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attribution">Attribution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Attribution">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> In English: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Suv%C3%A1rov,_Alexander_Vasilievich" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Suvárov, Alexander Vasilievich">Suvárov, Alexander Vasilievich</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 172–173.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Suv%C3%A1rov%2C+Alexander+Vasilievich&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=172-173&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Goodwin" title="Jason Goodwin">Goodwin, J.</a> (1998). Lords of the Horizons. New York: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt and Company</a>. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6342-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6342-4"><bdi>978-0-8050-6342-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lords+of+the+Horizons&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-6342-4&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongworth1966" class="citation book cs1">Longworth, Philip (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofvictorylife0000long/mode/1up">The Art of Victory: The Life and Achievements of Field-Marshal Suvorov, 1729-1800</a>. <a href="/wiki/Holt,_Rinehart_and_Winston" class="mw-redirect" title="Holt, Rinehart and Winston">Holt, Rinehart and Winston</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Victory%3A+The+Life+and+Achievements+of+Field-Marshal+Suvorov%2C+1729-1800&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Longworth&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartofvictorylife0000long%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedonne2003" class="citation book cs1">Ledonne, John P. (2003). The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire, 1650–1831 (Uitgawe and Revised ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516100-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516100-7"><bdi>978-0-19-516100-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Strategy+of+the+Russian+Empire%2C+1650%E2%80%931831&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Uitgawe+and+Revised&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516100-7&rft.aulast=Ledonne&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1989" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, John T. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catherinegreatli0000alex">Catherine the Great: Life and Legend</a>. New York: Oxford University Press US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506162-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506162-8"><bdi>978-0-19-506162-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catherine+the+Great%3A+Life+and+Legend&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-19-506162-8&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatherinegreatli0000alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Duffy" title="Christopher Duffy">Duffy, Christopher</a> (1999). Eagles Over the Alps: Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799. Chicago, Illinois: The Emperor's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1883476182" title="Special:BookSources/978-1883476182"><bdi>978-1883476182</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eagles+Over+the+Alps%3A+Suvorov+in+Italy+and+Switzerland%2C+1799&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=The+Emperor%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1883476182&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPares1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Pares" title="Bernard Pares">Pares, Bernard</a> (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183317/mode/2up">A History Of Russia</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Cape" title="Jonathan Cape">Jonathan Cape</a>. Retrieved 23 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+Of+Russia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Pares&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.183317%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthing1813" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Anthing" title="Johann Friedrich Anthing">Anthing, Johann Friedrich</a> (1813). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historycampaign00anthgoog/mode/2up">History of the Campaigns of Count Alexander Suworow-Rymnikski</a>. London: W. Green and T. Chaplin. Retrieved 23 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Campaigns+of+Count+Alexander+Suworow-Rymnikski&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+Green+and+T.+Chaplin&rft.date=1813&rft.aulast=Anthing&rft.aufirst=Johann+Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorycampaign00anthgoog%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsipov1939" class="citation book cs1">Osipov, K. (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208854">Alexander Suvorov</a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Bone" title="Edith Bone">Bone, Edith</a>. London, New York, and Melbourne: <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchinson (publisher)">Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.</a> Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+Suvorov&rft.place=London%2C+New+York%2C+and+Melbourne&rft.pub=Hutchinson+%26+Co.+%28Publishers%29+Ltd.&rft.date=1939&rft.aulast=Osipov&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.208854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paret" title="Peter Paret">Peter Paret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_A._Craig" title="Gordon A. Craig">Gordon A. Craig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Gilbert" title="Felix Gilbert">Felix Gilbert</a>. "Russian Military Thought: The Western Model and the Shadow of Suvorov" in the Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, 1986, p. 354.</li> <li>Fuller, William C. Jr. "Suvorov, Alexander" in The Reader's Companion to Military History. Ed. by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cowley" title="Robert Cowley">Robert Cowley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Parker_(historian)" title="Geoffrey Parker (historian)">Geoffrey Parker</a>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a>. 1996. p. 457.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2017" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-7470-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492%E2%80%932015&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-7470-7&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiangrandeNorwich2003" class="citation book cs1">Giangrande, Cathy; Norwich, John Julius (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3G9uNdE-H84C">Saint Petersburg: Museums, Palaces, and Historic Collections</a>. Bunker Hill Publishing, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3G9uNdE-H84C&pg=PA71">71</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1593730004" title="Special:BookSources/1593730004"><bdi>1593730004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Petersburg%3A+Museums%2C+Palaces%2C+and+Historic+Collections&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Bunker+Hill+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1593730004&rft.aulast=Giangrande&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft.au=Norwich%2C+John+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3G9uNdE-H84C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Lieut.-Colonel Spalding, Suvorof (London, 1890).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prlib.ru/en/history/619751">"Alexander Vasilyevitch Suvorov, a great Russian commander, was born"</a>. Presidential Library. Retrieved 2023-11-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Library&rft.atitle=Alexander+Vasilyevitch+Suvorov%2C+a+great+Russian+commander%2C+was+born&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prlib.ru%2Fen%2Fhistory%2F619751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsinger1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Isinger, Russell (October 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynet.com/aleksandr-suvorov-count-of-rymniksky-and-prince-of-italy/">"Aleksandr Suvorov: Count of Rymniksky and Prince of Italy"</a>. Military History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+History&rft.atitle=Aleksandr+Suvorov%3A+Count+of+Rymniksky+and+Prince+of+Italy&rft.date=1996-10&rft.aulast=Isinger&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Faleksandr-suvorov-count-of-rymniksky-and-prince-of-italy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> In Russian: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolevoy1897" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Polevoy" title="Nikolai Polevoy">Polevoy, Nikolai</a> (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qadDAAAAYAAJ">История князя Италийского, графа Суворова-Рымникского, генералиссимуса российских войск</a> [History of the Prince Italiysky, Count Suvorov-Rymniksky, Generalissimo of the Russian Forces]. Moscow: Типография Вильде. Retrieved 26 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F+%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Polevoy&rft.aufirst=Nikolai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqadDAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrov1874" class="citation book cs1">Petrov, Andrey (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book9653/#page/1/mode/2up">Война России с Турцией и Польскими конфедератами. С 1769—1774 год</a> [Russia's war with Turkey and the Polish confederates]. Vol. III. St. Petersburg: Типография К. В. Трубникова. Литейная, дом №42. Retrieved 23 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%81+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8.+%D0%A1+1769%E2%80%941774+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9A.+%D0%92.+%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%E2%84%9642&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Petrov&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunivers.ru%2Fbookreader%2Fbook9653%2F%23page%2F1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovikov1948" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Novikov, Nikolay Vasilyevich (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book477160/#page/1/mode/2up">Боевая летопись русского флота</a> [Battle chronicle of the Russian navy]. Moscow: Военное издательство министерства вооруженных сил союза ССР. Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Novikov&rft.aufirst=Nikolay+Vasilyevich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunivers.ru%2Fbookreader%2Fbook477160%2F%23page%2F1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1900" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Petrushevsky" title="Alexander Petrushevsky">Petrushevsky, Alexander F.</a> (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00299694/mode/2up">Генералиссимус князь Суворов</a> [Generalissimo Prince Suvorov]. Saint Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. Retrieved 14 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00299694%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogolyubov1939" class="citation book cs1">Bogolyubov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich (1939). Полководческое искусство А.В. Суворова [A.V. Suvorov's art of leadership]. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Voenizdat" title="Voenizdat">Voenizdat</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-4484-0277-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-4484-0277-7"><bdi>978-5-4484-0277-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%90.%D0%92.+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Voenizdat&rft.date=1939&rft.isbn=978-5-4484-0277-7&rft.aulast=Bogolyubov&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+Nikolayevich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRostunov1989" class="citation book cs1">Rostunov, Ivan I. (1989). Генералиссимус Александр Васильевич Суворов: Жизнь и полководческая деятельность [Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov: Life and military activity]. Moscow: Voenizdat. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-203-00046-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-203-00046-8"><bdi>5-203-00046-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Voenizdat&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=5-203-00046-8&rft.aulast=Rostunov&rft.aufirst=Ivan+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1912" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Velichko, Konstantin; <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Fedorovich_Novitsky" title="Vasily Fedorovich Novitsky">Novitsky, Vasily</a>; Schwartz, Alexey von; Apushkin, Vladimir; Schoultz, Gustav von (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bmk-brz-8/mode/2up">Военная энциклопедия Сытина</a> [Sytin Military Encyclopedia]. Vol. VIII: Гимры – Двигатели судовые. Moscow: Типография Т-ва И. Д. Сытина. Retrieved 23 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A2-%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%98.+%D0%94.+%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Velichko&rft.aufirst=Konstantin&rft.au=Novitsky%2C+Vasily&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Alexey+von&rft.au=Apushkin%2C+Vladimir&rft.au=Schoultz%2C+Gustav+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbmk-brz-8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1915" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Velichko, Konstantin; Novitsky, Vasily; Schwartz, Alexey von; Apushkin, Vladimir; Schoultz, Gustav von (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00301196/mode/2up">Sytin Military Encyclopedia</a>. Vol. XIV: Круковский – Линта. Moscow: Тип. Т-ва И. Д. Сытина. Retrieved 17 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sytin+Military+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF.+%D0%A2-%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%98.+%D0%94.+%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Velichko&rft.aufirst=Konstantin&rft.au=Novitsky%2C+Vasily&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Alexey+von&rft.au=Apushkin%2C+Vladimir&rft.au=Schoultz%2C+Gustav+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00301196%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelichkoNovitskySchwartzApushkin1914" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Velichko, Konstantin; Novitsky, Vasily; Schwartz, Alexey von; Apushkin, Vladimir; Schoultz, Gustav von (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00053136/mode/2up">Sytin Military Encyclopedia</a>. Vol. XVII: Нитроглицерин – Патруль. Moscow: Тип. Т-ва И. Д. Сытина. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sytin+Military+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF.+%D0%A2-%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%98.+%D0%94.+%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Velichko&rft.aufirst=Konstantin&rft.au=Novitsky%2C+Vasily&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Alexey+von&rft.au=Apushkin%2C+Vladimir&rft.au=Schoultz%2C+Gustav+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00053136%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrlov1892" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Orlov_(military_writer)" title="Nikolay Orlov (military writer)">Orlov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich</a> (1892). Разбор военных действий Суворова в Италии в 1799 году [Analysis of Suvorov's military actions in Italy in 1799]. St. Petersburg: Тип. Тренке и Фюсно. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785998994289" title="Special:BookSources/9785998994289"><bdi>9785998994289</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+1799+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF.+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%A4%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE&rft.date=1892&rft.isbn=9785998994289&rft.aulast=Orlov&rft.aufirst=Nikolay+Aleksandrovich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilyutin1852" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Milyutin" title="Dmitry Milyutin">Milyutin, Dmitry</a> (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book27068/#page/1/mode/2up">История войны России с Францией в царствование Императора Павла I в 1799 году</a> [The history of Russia's war with France during the reign of Emperor Paul I in 1799]. Vol. II. St. Petersburg: Типография штаба военно-учебных заведений. Retrieved 12 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%81+%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0+I+%D0%B2+1799+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.date=1852&rft.aulast=Milyutin&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunivers.ru%2Fbookreader%2Fbook27068%2F%23page%2F1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolovtsov1912" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Polovtsov" title="Alexander Polovtsov">Polovtsov, Alexander</a> (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book436326/#page/1/mode/2up">Russian Biographical Dictionary</a>. Vol. 20: Суворова—Ткачев. St. Petersburg: Типография Товарищества "Общественная Польза". Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%22%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%22&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Polovtsov&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunivers.ru%2Fbookreader%2Fbook436326%2F%23page%2F1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikhaylov1973" class="citation book cs1">Mikhaylov, Oleg Nikolaevich (1973). Суворов [Suvorov]. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Molodaya_Gvardiya_(publisher)" title="Molodaya Gvardiya (publisher)">Young Guard</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Young+Guard&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Mikhaylov&rft.aufirst=Oleg+Nikolaevich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipnis2021" class="citation book cs1">Kipnis, Boris Grigoryevich (2021). Непобедимый. Жизнь и сражения Александра Суворова [Invincible. Life and battles of Aleksandr Suvorov]. St. Petersburg: Издательский дом "Питер". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785446112845" title="Special:BookSources/9785446112845"><bdi>9785446112845</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9.+%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%22%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%22&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9785446112845&rft.aulast=Kipnis&rft.aufirst=Boris+Grigoryevich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBantysh-Kamensky1840" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Bantysh-Kamensky" title="Dmitri Bantysh-Kamensky">Bantysh-Kamensky, Dmitri</a> (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book174977/#page/1/mode/2up">Биографии российских генералиссимусов и генерал-фельдмаршалов. с 48 портретами. – Часть вторая</a> [Biographies of Russian generalissimos and general-fieldmarshals. With 48 portraits – Part two]. St. Petersburg: Тип. Третьего Департамента Министерства Государственных Имуществ. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D1%81+48+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8.+%E2%80%93+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF.+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Bantysh-Kamensky&rft.aufirst=Dmitri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunivers.ru%2Fbookreader%2Fbook174977%2F%23page%2F1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZolotaryov2023" class="citation web cs1">Zolotaryov, V. A. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/military_science/text/4171216">"СУВОРОВ АЛЕКСАНДР ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Encyclopedia#Electronic_version" title="Great Russian Encyclopedia">Great Russian Encyclopedia. Electronic version</a>. Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Great+Russian+Encyclopedia.+Electronic+version&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92+%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%A0+%D0%92%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%95%D0%92%D0%98%D0%A7&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Zolotaryov&rft.aufirst=V.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.bigenc.ru%2Fmilitary_science%2Ftext%2F4171216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutakov2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Gutakov, Vladimir (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazines.gorky.media/vestnik/2007/21/russkij-put-k-yugu.html">"Русский путь к югу. Часть вторая"</a> [Russian way to the south. Part 2]. Вестник Европы. No. 21. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA+%D1%8E%D0%B3%D1%83.+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F&rft.issue=21&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Gutakov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmagazines.gorky.media%2Fvestnik%2F2007%2F21%2Frusskij-put-k-yugu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexeyev2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Alexeyev, Alexander (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/17605/">"Непобедимый полководец"</a> [Invincible military commander]. <a href="/wiki/Nauka_i_Zhizn" title="Nauka i Zhizn">Science and Life</a>. No. 3. Moscow. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+and+Life&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Alexeyev&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkj.ru%2Farchive%2Farticles%2F17605%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> In German: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodart1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bodart" title="Gaston Bodart">Bodart, Gaston</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ">Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)</a>. Vienna and Leipzig: C. W. Stern. Retrieved 7 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milit%C3%A4r-historisches+Kriegs-Lexikon+%281618%E2%80%931905%29&rft.place=Vienna+and+Leipzig&rft.pub=C.+W.+Stern&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Bodart&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcerbi2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Acerbi, Enrico (2019). The 1799 campaign in Italy. Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4. Bergamo: Luca Cristini Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8893274517" title="Special:BookSources/978-8893274517"><bdi>978-8893274517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1799+campaign+in+Italy&rft.place=Bergamo&rft.pub=Luca+Cristini+Editore&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-8893274517&rft.aulast=Acerbi&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlease1920" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lyon_Blease" title="Lyon Blease">Blease, Lyon</a> (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028460792">Suvorof</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Co_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Constable & Co Ltd">Constable & Co Ltd</a>. Retrieved November 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suvorof&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Blease&rft.aufirst=Lyon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028460792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Clausewitz, Carl von</a> (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-3025-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-3025-7">978-0-7006-3025-7</a>.</li> <li>Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-3034-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-3034-9">978-0-7006-3034-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacready1851" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nevil_Macready" title="Edward Nevil Macready">Macready, Edward Nevil</a> (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sketchofsuwarowh00macr">A sketch of Suwarow and his last campaign : with observations on Mr. Alison's opinion of the Archduke Charles as a military critic, and a few objections to certain military statements in Mr. Alison's History of Europe</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Smith,_Elder_%26_Co." title="Smith, Elder & Co.">Smith, Elder</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+sketch+of+Suwarow+and+his+last+campaign+%3A+with+observations+on+Mr.+Alison%27s+opinion+of+the+Archduke+Charles+as+a+military+critic%2C+and+a+few+objections+to+certain+military+statements+in+Mr.+Alison%27s+History+of+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Macready&rft.aufirst=Edward+Nevil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsketchofsuwarowh00macr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Suvorov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">DTIC</a> ADA<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA216366">216366</a>: Train Hard, Fight Easy: The Legacy of A. V. Suvorov and His "Art of Victory" by Dr. Bruce W. Menning</li> <li>Léger Marie Philippe comte de Laverne, The life of Field Marshal Souvarof; with reflections upon the principal events, political and military, connected with the history of Russia, during part of the eighteenth century (trans. from the French, Baltimore, 1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Duffy" title="Christopher Duffy">Duffy C.</a> Russia's Military Way to the West: Origins and Nature of Russian Military Power 1700–1800. <a href="/wiki/Routledge_%26_Kegan_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge & Kegan Paul">Routledge & Kegan Paul</a> Books Ltd. 1985.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Anthing" title="Johann Friedrich Anthing">J.F. Anthing</a>, Versuch einer Kriegsgeschichte des Grafen Suworow (Gotha, 1796–1799).</li> <li>G. von Fuchs, Suworows Korrespondenz, 1799 (Glogau, 1835).</li> <li>Reding-Biberegg, Der Zug Suworows durch die Schweiz (Zürich, 1896).</li> <li>F. von Smitt, Suworows Leben und Heerzüge (Vilna, 1833–1834) and Suworow and Polens Untergang (Leipzig, 1858).</li> <li>Souvorov en Italie by Gachot, Masséna's biographer (Paris, 1903).</li> <li>The standard Russian biographies of Polevoi (1853; Ger. trans., Mitau, 1853); Rybkin (Moscow, 1874), Vasiliev (Vilna, 1899), Meshcheryakov and Beskrovnyi (Moscow, 1946), and Osipov (Moscow, 1955).</li> <li>The Russian examinations of his martial art, by Bogolyubov (Moscow, 1939) and Nikolsky (Moscow, 1949).</li> <li>"1799 le baionette sagge" by Marco Galandra and Marco Baratto (Pavia, 1999).</li> <li>"Suvorov – La Campagna Italo-Svizzera e la liberazione di Torino nel 1799" by Maria Fedotova ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pintore.com">Pintore</a> (Torino, 2004).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexander_Suvorov" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alexander_Suvorov" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120801155559/http://www.ganesha.org/hall/suvorov.html">Alexander V. Suvorov: Russian Field Marshal, 1729–1800</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041017035021/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1986/nov-dec/menning.html">Speed, Assessment, and Hitting Power: Suvorov's Art of Victory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suvorovmuseum.ru/en/">State memorial museum of Alexander Suvorov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enlight.ru/camera/222/index_e.html">Suvorov military museum in Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050315065905/http://voyage.home.nov.ru/suvorovskoe.htm">Suvorov's home and family</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504203036/http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/FIELDMARSHAL_SUVOROV.htm">Suvorov – the one man who could have stopped Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061109042940/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/military_history/3036296.html">Aleksandr Suvorov: Count of Rymniksky and Prince of Italy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militera.lib.ru/science/suvorov/index.html">Alexander Suvorov: The Science of Victory</a> (Untranslated)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Revolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Revolution"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Causes of the French Revolution">Causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Timeline of the French Revolution">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92)">Constitutional monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Glossary of the French Revolution">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journals_appearing_under_the_French_Revolution" title="List of journals appearing under the French Revolution">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Significant_civil_and_political_events_by_year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Significant civil and political events by year</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1788</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a> (7 Jun 1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Vizille" title="Assembly of Vizille">Assembly of Vizille</a> (21 Jul 1788)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/What_Is_the_Third_Estate%3F" title="What Is the Third Estate?">What Is the Third Estate?</a> (Jan 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon_riots" title="Réveillon riots">Réveillon riots</a> (28 Apr 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Convocation of the Estates General</a> (5 May 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France#Illness" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Death of the Dauphin</a> (4 June 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a> (17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a> (20 Jun 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> (9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a> (14 Jul 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fear" title="Great Fear">Great Fear</a> (20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_feudalism_in_France" title="Abolition of feudalism in France">Abolition of Feudalism</a> (4–11 Aug 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> (26 Aug 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a> (5 Oct 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biens_nationaux" title="Biens nationaux">Nationalization of the Church properties</a> (2 Nov 1789)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1790</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlement#Abolition" title="Parlement">Abolition of the Parlements</a> (Feb–Jul 1790)</li> <li>Abolition of the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility#The_abolition_of_privileges_during_the_French_Revolution" title="French nobility">Nobility</a> (23 Jun 1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a> (12 Jul 1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a> (14 Jul 1790)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1791</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Varennes" title="Flight to Varennes">Flight to Varennes</a> (20–21 Jun 1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_massacre" title="Champ de Mars massacre">Champ de Mars massacre</a> (17 Jul 1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">Declaration of Pillnitz</a> (27 Aug 1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">The Constitution of 1791</a> (3 Sep 1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">National Legislative Assembly</a> (1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1792</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">France declares war</a> (20 Apr 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto" title="Brunswick Manifesto">Brunswick Manifesto</a> (25 Jul 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(1789%E2%80%931795)" title="Paris Commune (1789–1795)">Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary</a> (Jun 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">10th of August</a> (10 Aug 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">September Massacres</a> (Sep 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> (20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First republic declared</a> (22 Sep 1792)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1793</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI" title="Execution of Louis XVI">Execution of Louis XVI</a> (21 Jan 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a> (9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> (27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_General_Security" title="Committee of General Security">Committee of General Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793" title="Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793">Fall of the Girondists</a> (2 Jun 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat#Death" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Assassination of Marat</a> (13 Jul 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">Levée en masse</a> (23 Aug 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Marat" title="The Death of Marat">The Death of Marat</a> (painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Suspects" title="Law of Suspects">Law of Suspects</a> (17 Sep 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette#Trial_and_execution_(14–16_October_1793)" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette is guillotined</a> (16 Oct 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution#The_Revolution_and_the_Church" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Anti-clerical laws</a> (throughout the year)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton#Life" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins#Trial_and_execution" title="Camille Desmoulins">Desmoulins guillotined</a> (5 Apr 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">Law of 22 Prairial</a> (10 Jun 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a> (27 Jul 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a> guillotined (28 Jul 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">White Terror</a> (Fall 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins#Fall_from_power" title="Jacobins">Closing of the Jacobin Club</a> (11 Nov 1794)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1795–6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_12_Germinal_Year_III" title="Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III">Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III</a> (1 Apr 1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_III" title="Constitution of the Year III">Constitution of the Year III</a> (22 Aug 1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directoire</a> (1795–99) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ancients" title="Council of Ancients">Council of Ancients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">13 Vendémiaire</a> 5 Oct 1795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_the_Equals" title="Conspiracy of the Equals">Conspiracy of the Equals</a> (May 1796)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1797</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Fructidor" title="Coup of 18 Fructidor">Coup of 18 Fructidor</a> (4 Sep 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Rastatt" title="Second Congress of Rastatt">Second Congress of Rastatt</a> (Dec 1797)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1798</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Flor%C3%A9al_Year_VI" title="Law of 22 Floréal Year VI">Law of 22 Floréal Year VI</a> (11 May 1798)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1799</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_30_Prairial_VII" title="Coup of 30 Prairial VII">Coup of 30 Prairial VII</a> (18 Jun 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">Coup of 18 Brumaire</a> (9 Nov 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">Constitution of the Year VIII</a> (24 Dec 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Revolutionary_campaigns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Revolutionary campaigns</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1792_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1792</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thionville_(1792)" title="Siege of Thionville (1792)">Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Valmy</a></li> <li>Royalist Revolts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>Dauphiné</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Goddess" title="Column of the Goddess">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1792)" title="Siege of Mainz (1792)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jemappes" title="Battle of Jemappes">Jemappes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1792)" title="Siege of Namur (1792)">Namur</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Namur_(1792)" class="extiw" title="fr:Siège de Namur (1792)">fr</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1793_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1793</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neerwinden_(1793)" title="Battle of Neerwinden (1793)">Battle of Neerwinden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Famars" title="Battle of Famars">Battle of Famars</a> (23 May 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Sardinia" title="French expedition to Sardinia">Expedition to Sardinia</a> (21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaiserslautern" title="Battle of Kaiserslautern">Battle of Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1793)" title="Siege of Mainz (1793)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wattignies" title="Battle of Wattignies">Battle of Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hondschoote" title="Battle of Hondschoote">Battle of Hondschoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bellegarde_(1793)" title="Siege of Bellegarde (1793)">Siege of Bellegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peyrestortes" title="Battle of Peyrestortes">Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Toulon">Siege of Toulon</a> (18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">First Battle of Wissembourg</a> (13 Oct 1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Truillas" title="Battle of Truillas">Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">Second Battle of Wissembourg</a> (26–27 Dec 1793)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1794_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1794 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1794</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villers-en-Cauchies" title="Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies">Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies</a> (24 Apr 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Boulou" title="Second Battle of Boulou">Second Battle of Boulou</a> (Pyrenees) (30 Apr – 1 May 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tourcoing" title="Battle of Tourcoing">Battle of Tourcoing</a> (18 May 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tournay_(1794)" title="Battle of Tournay (1794)">Battle of Tournay</a> (22 May 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_First_of_June" title="Glorious First of June">Glorious First of June</a> (1 Jun 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1794)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1794)">Battle of Fleurus</a> (26 Jun 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aldenhoven_(1794)" title="Battle of Aldenhoven (1794)">Battle of Aldenhoven</a> (2 Oct 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> (22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1795_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1795</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> (22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Basel" title="Peace of Basel">Peace of Basel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1796_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1796 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1796</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796%E2%80%931797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796–1797">Italian campaign</a> (1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lonato" title="Battle of Lonato">Battle of Lonato</a> (3–4 Aug 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a> (5 Aug 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Theiningen" title="Battle of Theiningen">Battle of Theiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neresheim" title="Battle of Neresheim">Battle of Neresheim</a> (11 Aug 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amberg" title="Battle of Amberg">Battle of Amberg</a> (24 Aug 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Battle of Würzburg">Battle of Würzburg</a> (3 Sep 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovereto" title="Battle of Rovereto">Battle of Rovereto</a> (4 Sep 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">First Battle of Bassano</a> (8 Sep 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmendingen" title="Battle of Emmendingen">Battle of Emmendingen</a> (19 Oct 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schliengen" title="Battle of Schliengen">Battle of Schliengen</a> (26 Oct 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bassano" title="Second Battle of Bassano">Second Battle of Bassano</a> (6 Nov 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calliano" title="Battle of Calliano">Battle of Calliano</a> (6–7 Nov 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a> (15–17 Nov 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Ireland_(1796)" title="French expedition to Ireland (1796)">Ireland expedition</a> (Dec 1796)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1797_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1797</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796-1797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796-1797">Italian campaign</a> (1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_January_1797" title="Action of 13 January 1797">Naval Engagement off Brittany</a> (13 Jan 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a> (14–15 Jan 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_January_1797" title="Action of 25 January 1797">Battle of the Bay of Cádiz</a> (25 Jan 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leoben" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Leoben">Treaty of Leoben</a> (17 Apr 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuwied_(1797)" title="Battle of Neuwied (1797)">Battle of Neuwied</a> (18 Apr 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a> (17 Oct 1797)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1798_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1798</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion of Switzerland</a> (28 January – 17 May 1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">French Invasion of Egypt</a> (1798–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798#French_landing" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a> (23 May – 23 Sep 1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a> (1798–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_War_(1798)" title="Peasants' War (1798)">Peasants' War</a> (12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1799</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a> (1798–1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799)" title="Siege of Acre (1799)">Siege of Acre</a> (20 Mar – 21 May 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a> (20–21 Mar 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a> (25 Mar 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnano" title="Battle of Magnano">Battle of Magnano</a> (5 Apr 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of Cassano</a> (27–28 Apr 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zurich" title="First Battle of Zurich">First Battle of Zurich</a> (4–7 Jun 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Battle of Trebbia</a> (17–20 Jun 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Battle of Novi</a> (15 Aug 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Second Battle of Zurich</a> (25–26 Sep 1799)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1800_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1800 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1800</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a> (14 Jun 1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Alessandria" title="Convention of Alessandria">Convention of Alessandria</a> (15 Jun 1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hohenlinden" title="Battle of Hohenlinden">Battle of Hohenlinden</a> (3 Dec 1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Armed_Neutrality" title="Second League of Armed Neutrality">League of Armed Neutrality</a> (1800–02)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1801_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1801 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1801</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Treaty of Lunéville</a> (9 Feb 1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Florence" title="Treaty of Florence">Treaty of Florence</a> (18 Mar 1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_campaign" title="Algeciras campaign">Algeciras campaign</a> (8 Jul 1801)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1802</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> (25 Mar 1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1802)" title="Treaty of Paris (1802)">Treaty of Paris</a> (25 Jun 1802)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Military_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military leaders</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Charles_d%27Aoust" title="Eustache Charles d'Aoust">Eustache Charles d'Aoust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Augereau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Augereau">Pierre Augereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Brune" title="Guillaume Brune">Guillaume Brune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Carteaux" title="Jean François Carteaux">Jean François Carteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Championnet" title="Jean-Étienne Championnet">Jean-Étienne Championnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bertin_Gaston_Chapuis_de_Tourville" title="Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville">Chapuis de Tourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Philippe,_Comte_de_Custine" title="Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine">Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Desaix" title="Louis Desaix">Louis Desaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dugommier" title="Jacques François Dugommier">Jacques François Dugommier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Alexandre_Dumas" title="Thomas-Alexandre Dumas">Thomas-Alexandre Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Charles François Dumouriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Ferino" title="Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino">Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Charles_de_Flers" title="Louis-Charles de Flers">Louis-Charles de Flers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grenier" title="Paul Grenier">Paul Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_de_Grouchy,_marquis_de_Grouchy" title="Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy">Emmanuel de Grouchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maurice_Hatry" title="Jacques Maurice Hatry">Jacques Maurice Hatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jean-Baptiste Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">François Christophe de Kellermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">Jean-Baptiste Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Choderlos_de_Laclos" title="Pierre Choderlos de Laclos">Pierre Choderlos de Laclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc_(general,_born_1772)" title="Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)">Charles Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lecourbe" title="Claude Lecourbe">Claude Lecourbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Lefebvre" title="François Joseph Lefebvre">François Joseph Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald" title="Étienne Macdonald">Étienne Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Marbot" title="Jean-Antoine Marbot">Jean-Antoine Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Marbot" title="Marcellin Marbot">Marcellin Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau" title="François Séverin Marceau">François Séverin Marceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon-Adrien_Jeannot_de_Moncey" title="Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey">Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Jean Victor Marie Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jacques_Osten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Jacques Osten (page does not exist)">Pierre-Jacques Osten</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Jacques_Osten" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre-Jacques Osten">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oudinot" title="Nicolas Oudinot">Nicolas Oudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine-Dominique_de_P%C3%A9rignon" title="Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon">Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Mathieu-Philibert_S%C3%A9rurier" title="Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier">Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Souham" title="Joseph Souham">Joseph Souham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Gabriel_Suchet" title="Louis-Gabriel Suchet">Louis-Gabriel Suchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Henri_Belgrand_de_Vaubois" title="Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois">Belgrand de Vaubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Victor_Perrin" title="Claude-Victor Perrin">Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Navy#18th_century" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_Durand_Linois" title="Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois">Charles-Alexandre Linois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Alvinczi" title="József Alvinczi">József Alvinczi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9bastien_Charles_Joseph_de_Croix,_Count_of_Clerfayt" title="François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt">Count of Clerfayt (Walloon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_von_Hotze" title="Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze">Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze (Swiss)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf,_Count_von_Kalckreuth" title="Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth">Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kray" title="Paul Kray">Pál Kray (Hungarian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene,_Prince_of_Lambesc" title="Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc">Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc (French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Anton_Karl,_Count_Baillet_de_Latour" title="Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour">Maximilian Baillet de Latour (Walloon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mack_von_Leiberich" title="Karl Mack von Leiberich">Karl Mack von Leiberich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ritter_von_Otto" title="Rudolf Ritter von Otto">Rudolf Ritter von Otto (Saxon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Josias_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vitus_von_Quosdanovich" title="Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich">Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_XV_of_Reuss-Plauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen">Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_M%C3%A9sz%C3%A1ros_von_Szoboszl%C3%B3" title="Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló">Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló (Hungarian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp_Sebottendorf" title="Karl Philipp Sebottendorf">Karl Philipp Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Dagobert von Wurmser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abercromby" title="Ralph Abercromby">Ralph Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Saumarez,_1st_Baron_de_Saumarez" title="James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez">James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pellew,_1st_Viscount_Exmouth" title="Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth">Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William V, Prince of Orange">William V, Prince of Orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korsakov" title="Alexander Korsakov">Alexander Korsakov</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rosenberg" title="Andrei Rosenberg">Andrei Rosenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931810)#Charles_IV,_decline_and_fall_(1788–1808)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700–1810)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Firm%C3%ADn_de_Carvajal,_Conde_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión">Luis Firmin de Carvajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ricardos" title="Antonio Ricardos">Antonio Ricardos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Other_significant_figures_and_factions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other significant figures and factions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Patriotic Society of 1789</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Alexandre_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric,_duc_de_la_Rochefoucauld-Liancourt" class="mw-redirect" title="François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt">François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy le Chapelier">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Nicolas de Condorcet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Club_de_Clichy" title="Club de Clichy">monarchiens</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Elliott" title="Grace Elliott">Grace Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_II_de_La_Porte" title="Arnaud II de La Porte">Arnaud de La Porte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Sifrein_Maury" title="Jean-Sifrein Maury">Jean-Sifrein Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Mathieu_Dumas" title="Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas">Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Barnave" title="Antoine Barnave">Antoine Barnave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Th%C3%A9odore-Victor,_comte_de_Lameth" title="Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth">Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Malo_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lameth" title="Charles Malo François Lameth">Charles Malo François Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="André Chénier">André Chénier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rewbell" title="Jean-François Rewbell">Jean-François Rewbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Jordan_(politician)" title="Camille Jordan (politician)">Camille Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_de_Boissy_d%27Anglas" title="François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas">Boissy d'Anglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Royer-Collard" title="Pierre Paul Royer-Collard">Pierre Paul Royer-Collard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Brissot" title="Jacques Pierre Brissot">Jacques Pierre Brissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière">Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Roland" title="Madame Roland">Madame Roland</a></li> <li>Father <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Henri Grégoire">Henri Grégoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Étienne Clavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles">Marie Jean Hérault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Debry" title="Jean Debry">Jean Debry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Olympe de Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plain" title="The Plain">The Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Charles-François Lebrun">Charles-François Lebrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Cambon" title="Pierre-Joseph Cambon">Pierre-Joseph Cambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Merlin" title="Antoine Christophe Merlin">Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Mounier" title="Jean Joseph Mounier">Jean Joseph Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Samuel_du_Pont_de_Nemours" title="Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours">Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">Montagnards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Louis Antoine de Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Michel_le_Peletier,_marquis_de_Saint-Fargeau" title="Louis-Michel le Peletier, marquis de Saint-Fargeau">Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Couthon" title="Georges Couthon">Georges Couthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos">Roger Ducos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Collot_d%27Herbois" title="Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois">Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_Voulland" title="Jean-Henri Voulland">Jean-Henri Voulland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Quentin_Fouquier-Tinville" title="Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville">Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Le_Bas" title="Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas">Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Guillaume_Alexis_Vadier" title="Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier">Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Amar" title="Jean-Pierre-André Amar">Jean-Pierre-André Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine,_comte_Prieur-Duvernois" title="Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois">Prieur de la Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Prieur de la Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Romme" title="Gilbert Romme">Gilbert Romme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bon_Saint-Andr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Bon Saint-André">Jean Bon Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Lambert_Tallien" title="Jean-Lambert Tallien">Jean-Lambert Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Pierre Louis Prieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Saliceti" title="Antoine Christophe Saliceti">Antoine Christophe Saliceti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Enragés</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Jacques Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne" title="Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne">Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Pierre Gaspard Chaumette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Momoro" title="Antoine-François Momoro">Antoine-François Momoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Vincent" title="François-Nicolas Vincent">François-Nicolas Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chabot" title="François Chabot">François Chabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_No%C3%ABl_Bouchotte" title="Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte">Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Gobel" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel">Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot">François Hanriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas-Marie_Maillard" title="Stanislas-Marie Maillard">Stanislas-Marie Maillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Varlet" title="Jean-François Varlet">Jean-François Varlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9ophile_Victor_Leclerc" title="Jean Théophile Victor Leclerc">Theophile Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Lacombe" title="Claire Lacombe">Claire Lacombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_L%C3%A9on" title="Pauline Léon">Pauline Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Henri, Prince of Condé">Louis Henri, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé">Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fesch" title="Joseph Fesch">Joseph Fesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Donatien_Le_Ray_de_Chaumont" title="Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont">Jacques-Donatien Le Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9sa_Tallien" title="Thérésa Tallien">Thérésa Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui-Jean-Baptiste_Target" title="Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target">Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Th%C3%A9ot" title="Catherine Théot">Catherine Théot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Louise_of_Savoy,_Princesse_de_Lamballe" title="Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe">Madame de Lamballe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">Louis de Breteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chouan" title="Jean Chouan">Jean Chouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Loménie de Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">Charles Alexandre de Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Duval_d%27Epr%C3%A9mesnil" title="Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil">Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_the_French_Revolution" title="List of people associated with the French Revolution">List of people associated with the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_Club" title="Panthéon Club">Panthéon Club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Friends_of_Truth" title="Society of the Friends of Truth">Social Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Influential_thinkers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Influential thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Les Lumières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacharsis_Cloots" title="Anacharsis Cloots">Anacharsis Cloots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_Daunou" title="Pierre Claude François Daunou">Pierre Claude François Daunou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Cultural_impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cultural impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscadin" title="Muscadin">Muscadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being" title="Cult of the Supreme Being">Cult of the Supreme Being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Reason" title="Cult of Reason">Cult of Reason</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Reason" title="Temple of Reason">Temple of Reason</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-culottes" title="Sans-culottes">Sans-culottes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Women in the French Revolution">Women in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incroyables_and_merveilleuses" title="Incroyables and merveilleuses">Incroyables and merveilleuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Symbolism in the French Revolution">Symbolism in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Historiography of the French Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Influence of the French Revolution">Influence of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_during_the_French_Revolution_and_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="List of films set during the French Revolution and French Revolutionary Wars">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154232#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154232#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154232#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120988157">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5065426">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/87032/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcrbXjvmdDbkCTQXkHBfq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118620134">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82019621">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130116371">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130116371">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/IEIV024909">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000720290&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274919805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01041138?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118620134.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118620134">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/050550705">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041517">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w697439t">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&oldid=1255447546">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Suvorov&oldid=1255447546</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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