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aria-controls="toc-Purposes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Purposes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Purposes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disaster_relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disaster_relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Disaster relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disaster_relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poverty_relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty_relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Poverty relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty_relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Global issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._national_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._national_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>U.S. national interests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._national_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socioeconomic_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomic_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Socioeconomic development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomic_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modes_of_assistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modes_of_assistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modes of assistance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modes_of_assistance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modes of assistance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modes_of_assistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technical_assistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_assistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Technical assistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_assistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_assistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_assistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Financial assistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_assistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public–private_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public–private_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Public–private partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public–private_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Country_development_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_development_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Country development programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_development_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USAID/Washington" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USAID/Washington"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>USAID/Washington</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USAID/Washington-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staffing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staffing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Staffing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staffing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Field missions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Field_missions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Field missions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Field_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assistance_management_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assistance_management_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Assistance management offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assistance_management_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_and_Family_Planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_Family_Planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Health and Family Planning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_Family_Planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_Growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>Economic Growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_assistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_assistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.6</span> <span>Special assistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_assistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Office_of_the_Mission_Director_and_the_Program_Office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Office_of_the_Mission_Director_and_the_Program_Office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>The Office of the Mission Director and the Program Office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Office_of_the_Mission_Director_and_the_Program_Office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contracting,_financial_management_and_management_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contracting,_financial_management_and_management_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Contracting, financial management and management offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contracting,_financial_management_and_management_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contracting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contracting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Contracting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contracting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Financial management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Trump_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Second Trump administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Trump_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Activities by region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Activities_by_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Activities by region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Activities_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Haiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Bolivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>East Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.10</span> <span>Palestinian territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11</span> <span>Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concerns_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concerns_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Concerns and criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concerns_and_criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Concerns and criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concerns_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-career_contracts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-career_contracts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Non-career contracts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-career_contracts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_conflicts_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_conflicts_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Financial conflicts of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_conflicts_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_operations_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_operations_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Political operations abroad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_operations_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_the_United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_the_United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Influence on the United Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_the_United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Department_terrorist_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Department_terrorist_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>State Department terrorist list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Department_terrorist_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renouncing_prostitution_and_sex_trafficking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renouncing_prostitution_and_sex_trafficking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Renouncing prostitution and sex trafficking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renouncing_prostitution_and_sex_trafficking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_in_Peru's_forced_sterilizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_in_Peru's_forced_sterilizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Involvement in Peru's forced sterilizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_in_Peru's_forced_sterilizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_Inspector_General_investigation_into_alleged_terror-linked_funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_Inspector_General_investigation_into_alleged_terror-linked_funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Office of Inspector General investigation into alleged terror-linked funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_Inspector_General_investigation_into_alleged_terror-linked_funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_wasteful_spending" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_wasteful_spending"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.9</span> <span>Allegations of wasteful spending</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_wasteful_spending-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aid_freeze_victims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aid_freeze_victims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.10</span> <span>Aid freeze victims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aid_freeze_victims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Agency for International Development</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Beyn%C9%99lxalq_%C4%B0nki%C5%9Faf_Agentliyi" title="ABŞ Beynəlxalq İnkişaf Agentliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Beynəlxalq İnkişaf Agentliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="ইউএসএইড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউএসএইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D1%96" title="Агенцтва ЗША па міжнародным развіцці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агенцтва ЗША па міжнародным развіцці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Американска агенция за международно развитие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Американска агенция за международно развитие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%A8ncia_dels_Estats_Units_per_al_Desenvolupament_Internacional" title="Agència dels Estats Units per al Desenvolupament Internacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Agència dels Estats Units per al Desenvolupament Internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agentura_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch_pro_mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_rozvoj" title="Agentura Spojených států amerických pro mezinárodní rozvoj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Agentura Spojených států amerických pro mezinárodní rozvoj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="United States Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencia_de_los_Estados_Unidos_para_el_Desarrollo_Internacional" title="Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Agentejo_por_Internacia_Evoluo" title="Usona Agentejo por Internacia Evoluo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Agentejo por Internacia Evoluo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نمایندگی ایالات متحده آمریکا برای انکشاف بین‌المللی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمایندگی ایالات متحده آمریکا برای انکشاف بین‌المللی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_des_%C3%89tats-Unis_pour_le_d%C3%A9veloppement_international" title="Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="United States Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EC%B2%98" title="미국 국제개발처 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 국제개발처" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="ԱՄՆ Միջազգային զարգացման գործակալություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ Միջազգային զարգացման գործակալություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID" title="USAID – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="USAID" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembaga_Pembangunan_Internasional_Amerika_Serikat" title="Lembaga Pembangunan Internasional Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lembaga Pembangunan Internasional Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenzia_degli_Stati_Uniti_per_lo_Sviluppo_Internazionale" title="Agenzia degli Stati Uniti per lo Sviluppo Internazionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Agenzia degli Stati Uniti per lo Sviluppo Internazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="הסוכנות האמריקנית לפיתוח בין-לאומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסוכנות האמריקנית לפיתוח בין-לאומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="აშშ-ის საერთაშორისო განვითარების სააგენტო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აშშ-ის საერთაშორისო განვითარების სააგენტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakala_wa_Kimarekani_kwa_Maendeleo_ya_Kimataifa" title="Wakala wa Kimarekani kwa Maendeleo ya Kimataifa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakala wa Kimarekani kwa Maendeleo ya Kimataifa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_International_Development" title="Agency for International Development – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വികസന ഏജൻസി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വികസന ഏജൻസി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الوكاله الامريكيه للتنميه الدوليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الوكاله الامريكيه للتنميه الدوليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="АНУ-ын Олон улсын хөгжлийн агентлаг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="АНУ-ын Олон улсын хөгжлийн агентлаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%BA%81" title="アメリカ合衆国国際開発庁 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国国際開発庁" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Agency_for_International_Development" title="U.S. Agency for International Development – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="U.S. Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQSh_Xalqaro_taraqqiyot_agentligi" title="AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88" title="یو ایس ایڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یو ایس ایڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8D%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="ទីភ្នាក់ងារសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកសម្រាប់ការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍អន្តរជាតិ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីភ្នាក់ងារសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកសម្រាប់ការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍អន្តរជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencja_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych_ds._Rozwoju_Mi%C4%99dzynarodowego" title="Agencja Stanów Zjednoczonych ds. Rozwoju Międzynarodowego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Agencja Stanów Zjednoczonych ds. Rozwoju Międzynarodowego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_dos_Estados_Unidos_para_o_Desenvolvimento_Internacional" title="Agência dos Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Internacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Agência dos Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agen%C8%9Bia_Statelor_Unite_pentru_Dezvoltare_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Agenția Statelor Unite pentru Dezvoltare Internațională – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Agenția Statelor Unite pentru Dezvoltare Internațională" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E" title="Агентство США по международному развитию – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Агентство США по международному развитию" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agjencia_e_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara_p%C3%ABr_Zhvillim_Nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtar" title="Agjencia e Shteteve të Bashkuara për Zhvillim Ndërkombëtar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Agjencia e Shteteve të Bashkuara për Zhvillim Ndërkombëtar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent%C3%BAra_Spojen%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_americk%C3%BDch_pre_medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%BD_rozvoj" title="Agentúra Spojených štátov amerických pre medzinárodný rozvoj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Agentúra Spojených štátov amerických pre medzinárodný rozvoj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%92%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Агенција САД за међународни развој – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Агенција САД за међународни развој" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID" title="USAID – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="USAID" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_kehitysyhteisty%C3%B6virasto" title="Yhdysvaltain kehitysyhteistyövirasto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain kehitysyhteistyövirasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="United States Agency for International Development" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="หน่วยงานเพื่อการพัฒนาระหว่างประเทศสหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยงานเพื่อการพัฒนาระหว่างประเทศสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Намояндагии ИМА барои тавсеъаи байнулмилалӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Намояндагии ИМА барои тавсеъаи байнулмилалӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABD_Uluslararas%C4%B1_Kalk%C4%B1nma_Ajans%C4%B1" title="ABD Uluslararası Kalkınma Ajansı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ABD Uluslararası Kalkınma Ajansı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Агентство США з міжнародного розвитку – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Агентство США з міжнародного розвитку" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88" title="یو ایس ایڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یو ایس ایڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_quan_Ph%C3%A1t_tri%E1%BB%83n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Cơ quan Phát triển Quốc tế Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ quan Phát triển Quốc tế Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%BD%B2" title="美国国际开发署 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国国际开发署" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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63 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1961-11-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Cooperation_Administration" title="International Cooperation Administration">International Cooperation Administration</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Building_and_International_Trade_Center" title="Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center">Ronald Reagan Building</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">"From the American people"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">Over 10,000 (FY 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$40 billion in appropriations (FY 2023 USAID-managed funds)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development">Acting Administrator</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Footnotes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Agency for International Development</b> (<b>USAID</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Independent_agency_of_the_United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent agency of the United States government">independent agency of the United States government</a> that is primarily responsible for administering civilian <a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_aid" title="United States foreign aid">foreign aid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Development_assistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Development assistance">development assistance</a>. </p><p>USAID was established in 1961 by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> to unite several existing foreign assistance organizations and programs under one agency. Statute law places USAID under "the direct authority and policy guidance of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-crs-20250106_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-20250106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It implements programs in <a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">global health</a>, disaster relief, socioeconomic development, environmental protection, democratic governance and education. With average annual disbursements of about $23 billion since 2001, USAID is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_development_aid_country_donors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of development aid country donors">largest official aid agencies</a> in the world and accounts for more than half of all U.S. foreign assistance – the highest in the world in absolute dollar terms. USAID has missions in over 100 countries, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. </p><p>In January 2025, the <a href="#Second_Trump_administration">second Trump administration</a> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14169" title="Executive Order 14169">ordered</a> a near-total freeze on all foreign aid, planning to reduce the number of employees from around 10,000 to 300.<sup id="cite_ref-MSN:2025-01-29_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSN:2025-01-29-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP:2025-01-24_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP:2025-01-24-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>, who has been carrying out Trump's cost-cutting agenda in his capacity as a <a href="/wiki/Special_government_employee" title="Special government employee">special government employee</a>, announced the intention of shutting down USAID.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legality of the executive order was contested, leading to lawsuits, and a federal court issued a temporary restraining order pausing the staff reductions.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Union_Lawsuit_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Union_Lawsuit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_Union_Lawsuit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Union_Lawsuit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Union_Lawsuit_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Union_Lawsuit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation">Creation</h2></div> <p>Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Assistance_Act" title="Foreign Assistance Act">Foreign Assistance Act</a> on September 4, 1961, which reorganized U.S. foreign assistance programs and mandated the creation of an agency to administer economic aid. The goal of this agency was to counter <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> influence during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and to advance US soft power through socioeconomic development.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> USAID was subsequently established by the <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> of President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, who sought to unite several existing foreign assistance organizations and programs under one agency.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congress authorizes USAID's programs in the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Assistance_Act" title="Foreign Assistance Act">Foreign Assistance Act</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Congress supplements through directions in annual funding appropriation acts and other legislation. As an official component of U.S. foreign policy, USAID operates subject to the guidance of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">secretary of state</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congress also passed the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998, which established USAID as an "independent establishment" outside of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purposes">Purposes</h2></div> <p>USAID's decentralized network of resident field missions is drawn on to manage U.S. government programs in low-income countries for various purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Disaster relief</li> <li>Poverty relief</li> <li>Technical cooperation on <a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">global issues</a>, including the environment</li> <li>U.S. bilateral interests</li> <li>Socioeconomic development</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disaster_relief">Disaster relief</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAID.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/USAID.jpg/220px-USAID.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/USAID.jpg/330px-USAID.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/USAID.jpg/440px-USAID.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3582" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>USAID packages are delivered by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> personnel.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the U.S. government's earliest foreign aid programs provided relief in war-created crises. In 1915, U.S. government assistance through the <a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Relief_in_Belgium" title="Commission for Relief in Belgium">Commission for Relief in Belgium</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> prevented starvation in Belgium after the German invasion. After 1945, the European Recovery Program championed by Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (the "<a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a>") helped rebuild war-torn Western Europe. </p><p>USAID manages relief efforts after wars and natural disasters through its Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance, which is the lead federal coordinator for international disaster assistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poverty_relief">Poverty relief</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_(7269588282).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_%287269588282%29.jpg/220px-Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_%287269588282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_%287269588282%29.jpg/330px-Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_%287269588282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_%287269588282%29.jpg/440px-Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_%287269588282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3283" data-file-height="2462" /></a><figcaption>Early reading and literacy programs contribute to long-term development, USAID <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After 1945, many newly independent countries needed assistance to relieve the chronic deprivation afflicting their low-income populations. USAID and its predecessor agencies have continuously provided poverty relief in many forms, including assistance to public health and education services targeted at the poorest. USAID has also helped manage food aid provided by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WP_2025-02-06_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP_2025-02-06-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, USAID provides funding to NGOs to supplement private donations in relieving chronic poverty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_issues">Global issues</h3></div> <p>Technical cooperation between nations is essential for addressing a range of cross-border concerns like communicable diseases, environmental issues, trade and investment cooperation, safety standards for traded products, money laundering, and so forth. The United States has specialized federal agencies dealing with such areas, such as the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>. USAID's special ability to administer programs in low-income countries supports these and other U.S. government agencies' international work on global concerns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment">Environment</h4></div> <p>Among these global interests, environmental issues attract high attention. USAID assists projects that conserve and protect threatened land, water, forests, and wildlife. USAID also assists projects in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building resilience to the risks associated with global <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. environmental regulation laws require that programs sponsored by USAID should be both economically and environmentally <a href="/wiki/Sustainable" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable">sustainable</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._national_interests">U.S. national interests</h3></div> <p>Congress appropriates exceptional financial assistance to allies to support U.S. geopolitical interests, mainly in the form of "Economic Support Funds" (ESF). USAID is called on to administer the bulk (90%) of ESF<sup id="cite_ref-Tarnoff_R44117_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarnoff_R44117-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is instructed: "To the maximum extent feasible, [to] provide [ESF] assistance ... consistent with the policy directions, purposes, and programs of [development assistance]."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also, when U.S. troops are in the field, USAID can supplement the "<a href="/wiki/Civil_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Affairs">Civil Affairs</a>" programs that the U.S. military conducts to win the friendship of local populations. In these circumstances, USAID may be directed by specially appointed diplomatic officials of the State Department, as has been done in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> during operations against al-Qaeda.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. commercial interests are served by U.S. law's requirement that most goods and services financed by USAID must be sourced from U.S. vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American farms supplied about 41 percent of the food aid according to a 2021 report by the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WP_2025-02-06_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP_2025-02-06-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socioeconomic_development">Socioeconomic development</h3></div> <p>To help low-income nations achieve self-sustaining socioeconomic development, USAID assists them in improving the management of their own resources. USAID's assistance for socioeconomic development mainly provides technical advice, training, scholarships, commodities, and financial assistance. Through grants and contracts, USAID mobilizes the technical resources of the private sector and other U.S. government agencies, universities, and NGOs to participate in this assistance. </p><p>Programs of the various types above frequently reinforce one another. For example, the Foreign Assistance Act requires USAID to use funds appropriated for geopolitical purposes ("Economic Support Funds") to support socioeconomic development to the maximum extent possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modes_of_assistance">Modes of assistance</h2></div> <p>USAID delivers both technical assistance and financial assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_assistance">Technical assistance</h3></div> <p>Technical assistance includes technical advice, training, scholarships, construction, and commodities. USAID contracts or procures technical assistance and provides it in-kind to recipients. For technical advisory services, USAID draws on experts from the private sector, mainly from the assisted country's pool of expertise and from specialized U.S. government agencies. Many host-government leaders have drawn on USAID's technical assistance to develop IT systems and procure computer hardware to strengthen their institutions. </p><p>To build indigenous expertise and leadership, USAID finances scholarships to U.S. universities and assists in the strengthening of developing countries' universities. Local universities' programs in developmentally important sectors are assisted directly and through USAID support for forming partnerships with U.S. universities. </p><p>The various forms of technical assistance are frequently coordinated as capacity-building packages for the development of local institutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_assistance">Financial assistance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Open_Source_Software_Competition_-_USAID.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/National_Open_Source_Software_Competition_-_USAID.jpg/220px-National_Open_Source_Software_Competition_-_USAID.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/National_Open_Source_Software_Competition_-_USAID.jpg/330px-National_Open_Source_Software_Competition_-_USAID.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/National_Open_Source_Software_Competition_-_USAID.jpg/440px-National_Open_Source_Software_Competition_-_USAID.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>National Open Source Software Competition – USAID financial assistance for groups developing technology in Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <p>Financial assistance supplies cash to developing country organizations to supplement their budgets. USAID also provides financial assistance to local and international <a href="/wiki/NGOs" class="mw-redirect" title="NGOs">NGOs</a> who in turn give technical assistance in developing countries. Although USAID formerly provided loans, all financial assistance is now provided in the form of non-reimbursable grants. </p><p>In recent years, the United States has increased its emphasis on financial rather than technical assistance. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Challenge_Corporation" title="Millennium Challenge Corporation">Millennium Challenge Corporation</a> as a new foreign aid agency that is mainly restricted to providing financial assistance. In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> initiated a major realignment of USAID's own programs to emphasize financial assistance, referring to it as "government-to-government" or "G2G" assistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public–private_partnerships"><span id="Public.E2.80.93private_partnerships"></span>Public–private partnerships</h3></div> <p>In April 2023, USAID and the <a href="/wiki/Global_Food_Safety_Initiative" title="Global Food Safety Initiative">Global Food Safety Initiative</a> (GFSI) announced a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to improve <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">food safety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_food_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable food systems">sustainable food systems</a> in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GFSI's work in benchmarking and <a href="/wiki/Harmonization_(standards)" title="Harmonization (standards)">standard harmonisation</a> aims to foster mutual acceptance of GFSI-recognized certification programmes for the food industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div> <p>USAID is organized around country development programs managed by resident USAID offices in developing countries ("USAID missions"), supported by USAID's global headquarters in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_development_programs">Country development programs</h3></div> <p>USAID plans its work in each country around an individual country development program managed by a resident office called a "mission". The USAID mission and its U.S. staff are guests in the country, with a status that is usually defined by a "framework bilateral agreement" between the government of the United States and the host government.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Framework bilaterals give the mission and its U.S. staff privileges similar to (but not necessarily the same as) those accorded to the U.S. embassy and diplomats by the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations">Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations</a> of 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>USAID missions work in over fifty countries, consulting with their governments and non-governmental organizations to identify programs that will receive USAID's assistance. As part of this process, USAID missions conduct socio-economic analysis, discuss projects with host-country leaders, design assistance to those projects, award contracts and grants, administer assistance (including evaluation and reporting), and manage flows of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarnoff_R44117_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarnoff_R44117-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As countries develop and need less assistance, USAID shrinks and ultimately closes its resident missions. USAID has closed missions in a number of countries that had achieved a substantial level of prosperity, including <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Rica – United States relations">Costa Rica</a>. </p><p>USAID also closes missions when requested by host countries for political reasons. In September 2012, the U.S. closed USAID/Russia at that country's request. Its mission in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> had been in operation for two decades.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 1, 2013, the president of <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a>, asked USAID to close its mission, which had worked in the country for 49 years.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The closure was completed on September 20, 2013. </p><p>USAID missions are led by mission directors and are staffed both by USAID <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Service_officer" title="Foreign Service officer">Foreign Service officers</a> and by development professionals from the country itself, with the host-country professionals forming the majority of the staff. The length of a Foreign service officer's "tour" in most countries is four years, to provide enough time to develop in-depth knowledge about the country. (Shorter tours of one or two years are usual in countries of exceptional hardship or danger.)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mission director is a member of the U.S. Embassy's "Country Team" under the direction of the U.S. ambassador.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a USAID mission works in an unclassified environment with relative frequent public interaction, most missions were initially located in independent offices in the business districts of capital cities. Since the passage of the Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act in 1998 and the <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">bombings of U.S. Embassy chanceries</a> in East Africa in the same year, missions have gradually been moved into U.S. Embassy chancery compounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="USAID/Washington"><span id="USAID.2FWashington"></span>USAID/Washington</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samantha_Power_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Samantha_Power_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Samantha_Power_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Samantha_Power_official_portrait.jpg/270px-Samantha_Power_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Samantha_Power_official_portrait.jpg/360px-Samantha_Power_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a>, USAID Administrator under President Biden</figcaption></figure> <p>The country programs are supported by USAID's headquarters in Washington, D.C., "USAID/Washington", where about half of USAID's Foreign Service officers work on rotation from foreign assignments, alongside USAID's Civil Service staff and top leadership. </p><p>USAID is headed by an <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development">administrator</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a>, the administrator became a regular attendee of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Security Council">National Security Council</a>. </p><p>USAID/Washington<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> helps define overall federal civilian foreign assistance policy and budgets, working with the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a>, Congress, and other U.S. government agencies. It is organized into "Bureaus" covering geographical areas, development subject areas, and administrative functions. Each bureau is headed by an assistant administrator appointed by the president. </p><p>(Some tasks similar to those of USAID's Bureaus are performed by what are termed "Independent Offices".) </p> <ul><li>Geographic bureaus <ul><li>AFR – Africa</li> <li>ASIA – Asia</li> <li>LAC – Latin America & the Caribbean</li> <li>E&E – Europe and Eurasia</li> <li>ME – the Middle East</li></ul></li> <li>Subject-area bureaus <ul><li>GH – Global Health <ul><li>Every year, the Global Health Bureau reports to the U.S. Congress through its Global Health Report to Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Global Health Bureau also submits a yearly report on the Call to Action: ending preventable child and maternal deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is part of USAID's follow-up to the 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it committed to ending preventable child and maternal deaths in a generation with A Promise Renewed.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>E3 – Economic Growth, Education, and the Environment <ul><li>Economic Growth offices in E3 define Agency policy and provide technical support to Mission assistance activities in the areas of economic policy formulation, international trade, sectoral regulation, capital markets, microfinance, energy, infrastructure, land tenure, urban planning and property rights, gender equality and women's empowerment. The Engineering Division, in particular, draws on licensed professional engineers to support USAID Missions in a multibillion-dollar portfolio of construction projects, including medical facilities, schools, universities, roads, power plants, and water and sanitation plants.</li> <li>The Education Office in E3 defines Agency policy and provides technical support to Mission assistance activities for both basic and tertiary education.</li> <li>Environment offices in E3 define Agency policy and provide technical support to Mission assistance activities in the areas of climate change and biodiversity.</li></ul></li> <li>Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance</li> <li>Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights and Governance <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>The mission of the DRG Bureau is to lead USAID's efforts to invigorate democracy, enhance human rights and justice, and bolster governance that advances the public interest and delivers inclusive development.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>LAB – U.S. Global Development Lab <ul><li>The Lab serves as an innovation hub, taking smart risks to test new ideas and partner within the Agency and with other actors to harness the power of innovative tools and approaches that accelerate development impact.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>RFS – Resilience and Food Security</li></ul></li> <li>Headquarters bureaus <ul><li>M – Management</li> <li>OHCTM – Office of Human Capital and Talent Management</li> <li>LPA – Legislative and Public Affairs</li> <li>PPL – Policy, Planning, and Learning</li> <li>BRM – Office of Budget and Resource Management</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Independent oversight of USAID activities is provided by its <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General,_U.S._Agency_for_International_Development" title="Office of Inspector General, U.S. Agency for International Development">Office of Inspector General, U.S. Agency for International Development</a>, which conducts criminal and civil investigations, financial and performance audits, reviews, and inspections of USAID activities around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staffing">Staffing</h3></div> <p>USAID's staffing reported to Congress in June 2016 totaled 10,235, including both field missions "overseas" (7,176) and the Washington, D.C. headquarters (3,059).<sup id="cite_ref-Staffing_Report_2016_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staffing_Report_2016-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this total, 1,850 were USAID Foreign Service officers who spend their careers mostly residing overseas (1,586 overseas in June 2016) and partly on rotation in Washington, D.C. (264). The Foreign Service officers stationed overseas worked alongside the 4,935 local staff of USAID's field missions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Host-country staff normally work under one-year contracts that are renewed annually.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Formerly, host-country staff could be recruited as "direct hires" in career positions<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at present many host-country staff continue working with USAID missions for full careers on a series of one-year contracts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In USAID's management approach, local staff may fill highly responsible, professional roles in program design and management.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. citizens can apply to become USAID Foreign Service officers by competing for specific job openings based on academic qualifications and experience in development programs.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within five years of recruitment, most Foreign Service officers receive tenure for an additional 20+ years of employment before mandatory retirement. Some are promoted to the Senior Foreign Service with extended tenure, subject to the Foreign Service's mandatory retirement age of 65.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (This recruitment system differs from the State Department's use of the "Foreign Service Officer Test" to identify potential U.S. diplomats. Individuals who pass the test become candidates for the State Department's selection process, which emphasizes personal qualities in thirteen dimensions such as "Composure" and "Resourcefulness". No specific education level is required.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>In 2008, USAID launched the "Development Leadership Initiative" to reverse the decline in USAID's Foreign service officer staffing, which had fallen to a total of about 1,200 worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although USAID's goal was to double the number of Foreign Service officers to about 2,400 in 2012, actual recruitment net of attrition reached only 820 by the end of 2012. USAID's 2016 total of 1,850 Foreign Service officers compared with 13,000 in the State Department.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Field_missions">Field missions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAID-Pakistan_Staff_in_2009.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/USAID-Pakistan_Staff_in_2009.jpeg/220px-USAID-Pakistan_Staff_in_2009.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/USAID-Pakistan_Staff_in_2009.jpeg/330px-USAID-Pakistan_Staff_in_2009.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/USAID-Pakistan_Staff_in_2009.jpeg/440px-USAID-Pakistan_Staff_in_2009.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>Pakistani and U.S. Staff of USAID/Pakistan in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>While USAID can have as little presence in a country as a single person assigned to the U.S. Embassy, a full USAID mission in a larger country may have twenty or more USAID Foreign Service officers and a hundred or more professional and administrative employees from the country itself. </p><p>The USAID mission's staff is divided into specialized offices in three groups: (1) assistance management offices; (2) the mission director's and the Program office; and (3) the contracting, financial management, and facilities offices.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assistance_management_offices">Assistance management offices</h3></div> <p>Called "technical" offices by USAID staff, these offices design and manage the technical and financial assistance that USAID provides to their local counterparts' projects. The technical offices that are frequently found in USAID missions include Health and Family Planning, Education, Environment, Democracy, and Economic Growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_and_Family_Planning">Health and Family Planning</h4></div> <p>Examples of projects assisted by missions' Health and Family Planning offices are projects for the eradication of communicable diseases, strengthening of public health systems focusing on maternal-child health including family planning services, <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV-AIDS</a> monitoring, delivery of medical supplies including contraceptives, and coordination of Demographic and Health Surveys. This assistance is primarily targeted to the poor majority of the population and corresponds to USAID's poverty relief objective, as well as strengthening the basis for socio-economic development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education">Education</h4></div> <p>USAID's Education offices mainly assist the national school system, emphasizing broadening the coverage of quality basic education to reach the entire population. Examples of projects often assisted<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> by Education offices are projects for curriculum development, teacher training, and provision of improved textbooks and materials. Larger programs have included school construction. Education offices often manage scholarship programs for training in the U.S., while assistance to the country's universities and professional education institutions may be provided by Economic Growth and Health offices. The Education office's emphasis on school access for the poor majority of the population corresponds to USAID's poverty relief objective, as well as to the socioeconomic development objective in the long term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment_2">Environment</h4></div> <p>Examples of projects assisted by environmental offices are projects for tropical forest conservation, protection of indigenous people's lands, regulation of marine fishing industries, pollution control, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and helping communities adapt to climate change. Environment assistance corresponds to USAID's objective of technical cooperation on global issues, as well as laying a sustainable basis for USAID's socioeconomic development objective in the long term. </p><p>USAID (United States Agency for International Development) has recently initiated the HEARTH (Health, Ecosystems and Agriculture for Resilient, Thriving Societies) program, which operates in 10 countries with 15 activities aimed at promoting conservation of threatened landscapes and enhancing community well-being by partnering with the private sector to align business goals with development objectives. Through HEARTH, USAID implements One Health principles to achieve sustainable benefits for both people and the environment through projects focused on livelihoods, well-being, conservation, biodiversity, and governance.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Democracy">Democracy</h4></div> <p>Examples of projects assisted by Democracy offices are projects for the country's political institutions, including elections, political parties, legislatures, and human rights organizations. Counterparts include the judicial sector and civil society organizations that monitor government performance. Democracy assistance received its greatest impetus at the time of the creation of the successor states to the USSR starting in about 1990, corresponding both to USAID's objective of supporting U.S. bilateral interests and to USAID's socioeconomic development objective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_Growth">Economic Growth</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dry_Fruit_Wala._Peshawar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Dry_Fruit_Wala._Peshawar.jpg/220px-Dry_Fruit_Wala._Peshawar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Dry_Fruit_Wala._Peshawar.jpg/330px-Dry_Fruit_Wala._Peshawar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Dry_Fruit_Wala._Peshawar.jpg/440px-Dry_Fruit_Wala._Peshawar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>A dried fruit vendor in Peshawar, Pakistan (2007)</figcaption></figure> <p>Examples of projects often assisted by Economic Growth offices are projects for improvements in agricultural techniques and marketing (the mission may have a specialized "Agriculture" office), development of microfinance industries, streamlining of Customs administrations (to accelerate the growth of exporting industries), and modernization of government regulatory frameworks for the industry in various sectors (telecommunications, agriculture, and so forth). In USAID's early years and some larger programs, Economic Growth offices have financed economic infrastructure like roads and electrical power plants. Economic Growth assistance is thus quite diverse in terms of the range of sectors where it may work. It corresponds to USAID's socioeconomic development objective and is the source of sustainable poverty reduction. Economic Growth offices also occasionally manage assistance to poverty relief projects, such as to government programs that provide "cash transfer" payments to low-income families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_assistance">Special assistance</h4></div> <p>Some USAID missions have specialized technical offices for areas like counter-narcotics assistance or assistance in conflict zones. </p><p>Disaster assistance on a large scale is provided through USAID's <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Disaster_Assistance" title="Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance">Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance</a>. Rather than having a permanent presence in country missions, this office has supplies pre-positioned in strategic locations to respond quickly to disasters when and where they occur.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Office_of_the_Mission_Director_and_the_Program_Office">The Office of the Mission Director and the Program Office</h3></div> <p>The mission director's signature authorizes technical offices to assist according to the designs and budgets they propose. With the help of the Program Office, the mission director ensures that designs are consistent with USAID policy for the country, including budgetary earmarks by which Washington directs that funds be used for certain general purposes such as public health or environmental conservation. The Program Office compiles combined reports to Washington to support budget requests to Congress and to verify that budgets were used as planned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contracting,_financial_management_and_management_offices"><span id="Contracting.2C_financial_management_and_management_offices"></span>Contracting, financial management and management offices</h3></div> <p>While the mission director is the public face and key decision-maker for an impressive array of USAID technical capabilities, arguably the offices that make USAID preeminent among U.S. government agencies in the ability to follow through on assistance agreements in low-income countries are the "support" offices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contracting">Contracting</h4></div> <p>Commitments of U.S. government funds to NGOs and firms that implement USAID's assistance programs can only be made in compliance with carefully designed contracts and grant agreements executed by warranted Contracting and agreement officers. The mission director is authorized to commit financial assistance directly to the country's government agencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_management">Financial management</h4></div> <p>Funds can be committed only when the Mission's Controller certifies their availability for the stated purpose. "FM" offices assist technical offices in financial analysis and in developing detailed budgets for inputs needed by projects assisted. They evaluate potential recipients' management abilities before financial assistance can be authorized and then review implementers' expenditure reports with great care. This office often has the largest number of staff of any office in the mission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Management">Management</h4></div> <p>Called the "Executive Office" in USAID (sometimes leading to confusion with the Embassy's Executive Office, which is the office of the Ambassador), "EXO" provides operational support for mission offices, including human resources, information systems management, transportation, property, and procurement services. Increasing integration into Embassies' chancery complexes, and the State Department's recently increased role in providing support services to USAID, is expanding the importance of coordination between USAID's EXO and the embassy's Management section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="History of the United States Agency for International Development">History of the United States Agency for International Development</a></div> <p>When the U.S. government created USAID in November 1961, it built on a legacy of previous development-assistance agencies and their people, budgets, and operating procedures. USAID's predecessor agency was already substantial, with 6,400 U.S. staff in developing-country field missions in 1961. Except for the peak years of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, 1965–70, that was more U.S. field staff than USAID would have in the future, and triple the number USAID has had in field missions in the years since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his inauguration as president on January 20, 1961, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> by Executive Order on March 1, 1961. On March 22, he sent a special message to Congress on foreign aid, asserting that the 1960s should be a "Decade of Development" and proposing to unify U.S. development assistance administration into a single agency. He sent a proposed "Act for International Development" to Congress in May and the resulting "Foreign Assistance Act" was approved in September, repealing the Mutual Security Act. In November, Kennedy signed the act and issued an Executive Order tasking the Secretary of State to create, within the State Department, the "Agency for International Development" (or A.I.D.: subsequently re-branded as USAID),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the successor to both ICA and the Development Loan Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With these actions, the U.S. created a permanent agency working with administrative autonomy under the policy guidance of the State Department to implement, through resident field missions, a global program of both technical and financial development assistance for low-income countries. This structure has continued to date.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Trump_administration">Second Trump administration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2025-02-07_Taping_overa_USAID_sign_Wasington_DC_12-54-35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2025-02-07_Taping_overa_USAID_sign_Wasington_DC_12-54-35.jpg/170px-2025-02-07_Taping_overa_USAID_sign_Wasington_DC_12-54-35.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2025-02-07_Taping_overa_USAID_sign_Wasington_DC_12-54-35.jpg/255px-2025-02-07_Taping_overa_USAID_sign_Wasington_DC_12-54-35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2025-02-07_Taping_overa_USAID_sign_Wasington_DC_12-54-35.jpg/340px-2025-02-07_Taping_overa_USAID_sign_Wasington_DC_12-54-35.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3392" data-file-height="4240" /></a><figcaption>Taping over a USAID sign at the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington, DC on February 7, 2025</figcaption></figure><p>In 2024, USAID's Inspector General had launched a probe into <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a>, which is operated by Musk; this led to concerns that the latter's role in the agency's downsizing constituted a <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheLever2024_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheLever2024-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 24, 2025, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> ordered a near-total freeze on all foreign aid.<sup id="cite_ref-MSN:2025-01-29_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSN:2025-01-29-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP:2025-01-24_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP:2025-01-24-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several days later, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> issued a waiver for humanitarian aid.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the waiver, there was still much confusion about what agencies should do.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 1,000 USAID employees and contractors were fired or furloughed following the near-total freeze on U.S. global assistance that the <a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Trump administration">second Trump administration</a> implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matt Hopson, the USAID chief of staff appointed by the Trump administration, resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 27, 2025, the agency's official government website was shut down.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 3, 2025, <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>, who has been carrying out parts of Trump's cost-cutting agenda, announced that he and Trump were in the process of shutting down USAID, claiming it to be a "criminal organization" and that it was "beyond repair".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ingram_NBC_shutdown_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram_NBC_shutdown-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also on February 3, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> announced that he had been appointed Acting Administrator of USAID by Trump and that the agency was being merged into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legality of these actions is disputed given the mandate for its creation in the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Assistance_Act" title="Foreign Assistance Act">Foreign Assistance Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was announced that on February 6, 2025, at 11:59 pm (EST) all USAID direct hire personnel would be placed on administrative leave globally, with the exception of designated personnel responsible for mission-critical functions, core leadership and specially designated programs.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the evening of February 6, reports had emerged indicating that the total number of employees to be retained was 294, out of a total of more than 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trump declared that agency leaders were "radical left lunatics", while the State Department ordered them to halt virtually all their projects, even if that meant ceasing programs that helped to eradicate <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> and prevented millions of <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> cases.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The freeze in HIV relief programs, including <a href="/wiki/PEPFAR" class="mw-redirect" title="PEPFAR">PEPFAR</a>, is estimated to jeopardize treatment access for 20 million people, including 500,000 children.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This drastic action led to sudden pauses in over 30 clinical trials for ailments such as <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">cervical cancer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, leaving participants with medical devices in their bodies and cut off from researchers, likely going against the principles of the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Helsinki" title="Declaration of Helsinki">Declaration of Helsinki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also led to a pause in other efforts such as wartime help in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, hospital assistance in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, education programs in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, and conservation efforts in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a statement explaining the threat to billions of dollars the agency spends on American businesses, the <a href="/wiki/American_Farm_Bureau_Federation" title="American Farm Bureau Federation">American Farm Bureau Federation</a> said, "AID plays a critical role in reducing hunger around the world while sourcing markets for the surplus foods America’s farmers and ranchers grow".<sup id="cite_ref-WP_2025-02-06_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP_2025-02-06-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The action of the Trump administration also caused frustration among conservatives. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Natsios" title="Andrew Natsios">Andrew Natsios</a>, the administrator for USAID during the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> administration, told <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> that, "With all due respect, none of these people know anything about AID. What does Musk know about international development? Absolutely nothing. He has a bunch of young kids in their 20s. They don't know. They're techies. They don't know anything about international development. They don't know anything about the Global South. They don't know anything about these — the programs and policies of the agency. AID is the most pro-business and pro-market of all aid agencies in the world. I can tell you that categorically. I am a conservative Republican. I'm not a liberal. And I have served in repeated Republican administrations."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A lawsuit was then filed on February 6 by the <a href="/wiki/American_Foreign_Service_Association" title="American Foreign Service Association">American Foreign Service Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Government_Employees" title="American Federation of Government Employees">American Federation of Government Employees</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a> on February 6, requesting a temporary restraining order and <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_injunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Preliminary injunction">preliminary injunction</a> against the administration, claiming that it violated <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Take_Care_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Take Care Clause">Take Care Clause</a> of the Constitution, and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Act" title="Administrative Procedure Act">Administrative Procedure Act</a> and requesting that all attempts to shut down the agency be halted, all recent actions be reversed, and a new acting director be appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Union_Lawsuit_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Union_Lawsuit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_Union_Lawsuit_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Union_Lawsuit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Union_Lawsuit_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Union_Lawsuit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Carl_Nichols" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Nichols">Carl Nichols</a>, nominated by President Trump in 2019, stated from the bench that he would enter in a "temporary restraining order," pausing the plan to put thousands of employees on leave and pausing the accelerated removal of workers from their posts abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-NBC_Lawsuit_Ruling_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC_Lawsuit_Ruling-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><p style="font-size:120%;"><b>USAID managed foreign assistance disbursed<br />by Fiscal Year ($ billions, inflation adjusted to 2023)</b><sup id="cite_ref-fa-data-agency_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fa-data-agency-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div></div><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div style="position:relative; right:40px; font-size:85%;"> <div style="padding-top:10px;margin-top:1em;max-width:400px;" class="chart noresize"> <div style="position:relative;min-height:250px;min-width:400px;max-width:400px;"> <div style="float:right;position:relative;min-height:170px;min-width:300px;max-width:300px;border-left:1px black solid;border-bottom:1px black solid;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:1.5px;top:130px;height:39px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$11.82 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:13.5px;top:121px;height:48px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$14.28 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:25.5px;top:116px;height:53px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$15.94 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:37.5px;top:114px;height:55px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$16.41 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:49.5px;top:112px;height:57px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$17.11 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:61.5px;top:113px;height:56px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$16.9 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:73.5px;top:119px;height:50px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$14.91 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:85.5px;top:108px;height:61px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$18.27 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:97.5px;top:95px;height:74px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$22.09 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:109.5px;top:101px;height:68px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$20.38 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:121.5px;top:94px;height:75px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$22.39 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:133.5px;top:93px;height:76px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$22.75 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:145.5px;top:95px;height:74px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$22.1 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:157.5px;top:95px;height:74px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$22.17 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:169.5px;top:92px;height:77px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$22.8 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:181.5px;top:90px;height:79px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$23.57 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:193.5px;top:90px;height:79px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$23.58 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:205.5px;top:88px;height:81px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$23.99 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:217.5px;top:87px;height:82px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$24.31 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:229.5px;top:81px;height:88px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$26.23 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:241.5px;top:62px;height:107px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$31.72 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:253.5px;top:32px;height:137px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$40.49 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:265.5px;top:21px;height:148px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$43.79 billions"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:277.5px;top:62px;height:107px;min-width:7px;max-width:7px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="$31.64 billions"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;height:170px;min-width:100px;max-width:100px;"> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:126px;padding:0 2px">10</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:136px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:92px;padding:0 2px">20</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:102px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:58px;padding:0 2px">30</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:68px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:24px;padding:0 2px">40</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:34px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:-10px;padding:0 2px">50</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:0px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;top:170px;left:100px;width:300px;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:1px;top:10px;min-width:10px;max-width:10px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2001</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:6px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:49px;top:10px;min-width:10px;max-width:10px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2005</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:54px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:109px;top:10px;min-width:10px;max-width:10px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2010</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:114px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:169px;top:10px;min-width:10px;max-width:10px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2015</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:174px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:229px;top:10px;min-width:10px;max-width:10px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2020</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:234px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:277px;top:10px;min-width:10px;max-width:10px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2024</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:282px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAID-managed_program_funding,_FY2023_Obligations_Estimate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/USAID-managed_program_funding%2C_FY2023_Obligations_Estimate.png/330px-USAID-managed_program_funding%2C_FY2023_Obligations_Estimate.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/USAID-managed_program_funding%2C_FY2023_Obligations_Estimate.png/495px-USAID-managed_program_funding%2C_FY2023_Obligations_Estimate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/USAID-managed_program_funding%2C_FY2023_Obligations_Estimate.png/660px-USAID-managed_program_funding%2C_FY2023_Obligations_Estimate.png 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>USAID-managed funding obligations estimate for 2023 from the Congressional Research Service. Congress had enacted large sums for Ukraine this year, leading to higher than normal Governance and European funding.<sup id="cite_ref-crs-20250106_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-20250106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:90%"> <caption>Countries with 1% or over of USAID managed foreign assistance disbursed in Fiscal Year 2023<sup id="cite_ref-fa-data-agency_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fa-data-agency-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#cfb">Country</th> <th style="background-color:#cfb">US$ billion</th> <th style="background-color:#cfb">Share of total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>16.02</td> <td>36.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Global funds</i></td> <td>6.06</td> <td>13.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td>1.68</td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td>1.20</td> <td>2.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>1.09</td> <td>2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td>1.05</td> <td>2.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></td> <td>0.94</td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>0.89</td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>0.82</td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>0.81</td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></td> <td>0.74</td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td>0.68</td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td>0.52</td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></td> <td>0.47</td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>0.46</td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>0.45</td> <td>1.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> (CRS) states that some USAID appropriations are programmed collaboratively with the Department of State, which makes any calculation of the USAID budget imprecise, and the CRS generally refers to USAID-managed funds.<sup id="cite_ref-crs-20250106_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-20250106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CRS stated USAID managed more than $40 billion of combined appropriations in 2023, and had a workforce of more than 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-crs-20250106_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-20250106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mean average managed foreign assistance disbursed in the fiscal years 2001 to 2024 was $22.9 billion in inflation adjusted to 2023 dollars; 2023 was an exceptional year because of an extra $16 billion of funds for Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-fa-data-agency_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fa-data-agency-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. government <a href="/wiki/USAspending.gov" title="USAspending.gov">USAspending.gov</a> website included International Security Assistance, Special Assistance Initiatives and a small amount of other spending alongside direct USAID spending in its assessment of the 2023 $50.1 billion of budgetary resources available to USAID, about $10 billion more than the headline CRS assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-usaspend-2023_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usaspend-2023-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International Security Assistance was budgeted about $9 billion in 2023, of which Foreign Military Financing to strengthen military support of key U.S. allies and partner governments was $6 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-state-20230313_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state-20230313-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fiscal year 2022, the cost of supplying USAID's assistance includes the agency's "Operating Expenses" of $1.97 billion, and "Bilateral Economic Assistance" program costs of $25.01 billion (the vast bulk of which was administered by USAID).<sup id="cite_ref-state-20230313_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state-20230313-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fiscal year 2012, "Operating Expenses" were $1.53 billion, and "Bilateral Economic Assistance" was $20.83 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-state-20130410_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state-20130410-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. assistance budget totals are shown along with other countries' total assistance budgets in tables in a webpage of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit" title="Earth Summit">Earth Summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> in 1992, most of the world's governments adopted a program for action under the auspices of the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a>, which included an Official Development Assistance (ODA) aid target of 0.7% of gross national product (GNP) for rich nations, specified as roughly 22 members of the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> and known as the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Most countries do not adhere to this target, as the OECD's table indicates that the DAC average ODA in 2011 was 0.31% of GNP. The U.S. figure for 2011 was 0.20% of GNP, which still left the U.S. as the largest single source of ODA among individual countries. According to the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, The United States' total official development assistance (ODA) (US$55.3 billion, preliminary data) increased in 2022, mainly due to support to Ukraine, as well as increased costs for in-donor refugees from Afghanistan. ODA represented 0.22% of gross national income (GNI).<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities_by_region">Activities by region</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haiti">Haiti</h3></div> <p>Following the January 2010 earthquake in <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, USAID helped provide safer housing for almost 200,000 displaced Haitians; supported vaccinations for more than 1 million people; cleared more than 1.3 million cubic meters of the approximately 10 million cubic meters of rubble generated; helped more than 10,000 farmers double the yields of staples like corn, beans, and sorghum; and provided short-term employment to more than 350,000 Haitians, injecting more than $19 million into the local economy. USAID has provided nearly $42 million to help combat cholera, helping to decrease the number of cases requiring hospitalization and reduce the case fatality rate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">American entry into Afghanistan</a> in 2001, USAID worked with the Department of State and Department of Defense to coordinate reconstruction efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction of Iraq">Reconstruction of Iraq</a></div> <p>The interactions between USAID and other U.S. government agencies in the period of planning the Iraq operation of 2003 are described by the Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction in its book <i>Hard Lessons: The Iraq Reconstruction Experience</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, USAID played a major role in the U.S. reconstruction and development effort in Iraq. As of June 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Agency_for_International_Development&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, USAID had invested approximately $6.6 billion on programs designed to stabilize communities; foster economic and agricultural growth; and build the capacity of the national, local, and provincial governments to represent and respond to the needs of the Iraqi people.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2003, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> followed USAID administrator <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Natsios" title="Andrew Natsios">Andrew Natsios</a> as he toured Iraq. The special program C-SPAN produced aired over four nights.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h3></div> <p>USAID has periodically supported the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_American_University" title="Lebanese American University">Lebanese American University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut" title="American University of Beirut">American University of Beirut</a> financially, with major contributions to the Lebanese American University's Campaign for Excellence.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4></div> <p>In the twenty years prior to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> USAID dispersed modest funds, averaging $115 million, in Ukraine. Following the invasion Congress enacted large sums for Ukraine through USAID to support the operation of its government and civil society. In fiscal year 2022 nearly $9 billion was disbursed, and $16 billion in 2023 causing that year to be the highest total spending year for USAID with 36.6% of its managed funds being disbursed to Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-crs-20250106_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-20250106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fa-data-agency_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fa-data-agency-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4></div> <p>USAID has donated funds to international charity <a href="/wiki/BBC_Media_Action" title="BBC Media Action">BBC Media Action</a>, with approximately $3.23 million (£2.6 million) given in 2024. This funding supports media development, journalism training, and public education initiatives in over 30 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3></div> <p>A USAID subcontractor was arrested in Cuba in 2009 for distributing satellite equipment to provide Cubans with internet access. The subcontractor was released during Obama's second presidential term as part of the measures to improve relations between the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian030821_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian030821-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>USAID has been used as a mechanism for "hastening transition", i.e., <a href="/wiki/Regime_change" title="Regime change">regime change</a> in Cuba.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2009 and 2012, USAID ran a multimillion-dollar program, disguised as humanitarian aid and aimed at inciting rebellion in Cuba. The program consisted of two operations: one to establish an anti-regime <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social network</a> called <a href="/wiki/ZunZuneo" title="ZunZuneo">ZunZuneo</a>, and the other to attract potential dissidents contacted by undercover operatives posing as tourists and aid workers.<sup id="cite_ref-TheGuardianCuba_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardianCuba-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian030414_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian030414-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>USAID engineered a subversive program using social media aimed at fueling political unrest in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> to overthrow the Cuban government. On 3 April 2014 the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> published an <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative report</a> that revealed USAID was behind the creation of a social networking text messaging service aimed at creating political dissent and triggering an uprising against the Cuban government.<sup id="cite_ref-Associated_Press_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the messaging network was ZunZuneo, a Cuban slang term for a hummingbird's tweet and a play on "<a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>". According to the AP's report, the plan was to build an audience by initially presenting non-controversial content like sports, music and weather. Once a critical mass of users was reached the US government operators would change the content to spark political dissent and mobilize the users into organized political gatherings called "smart mobs" that would trigger an uprising against the Cuban government.<sup id="cite_ref-Associated_Press_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The messaging service was launched in 2010 and gained 40,000 followers at its peak. Extensive efforts were made to conceal the USAID involvement in the program, using offshore bank accounts, front companies and servers based overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a memo from one of the project's contractors, Mobile Accord: "There will be absolutely no mention of United States government involvement," "This is absolutely crucial for the long-term success of the service and to ensure the success of the Mission."<sup id="cite_ref-Associated_Press_103-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ZunZuneo's subscribers were never aware that it was created by the US government or that USAID was gathering their private data to gain useful demographics that would gauge their levels of dissent and help USAID "maximize our possibilities to extend our reach".<sup id="cite_ref-Associated_Press_103-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>USAID officials realized they needed an exit strategy to conceal their involvement in the program, at one point seeking funding from Twitter cofounder <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a> as part of a plan for it to go independent.<sup id="cite_ref-Associated_Press_103-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service was abruptly closed down around mid-2012, which USAID said was due to the program running out of money.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ZunZuneo operation was part of a program that included a second operation which started in October 2009 and was financed jointly with ZunZuneo. In the second operation, USAID sent Venezuelan, Costa Rican and Peruvian children to Cuba to recruit Cubans into anti-regime political activities. The operatives posed as traveling aid workers and tourists. In one of the covert operations, the workers formed a <a href="/wiki/HIV_prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV prevention">HIV prevention</a> workshop, which leaked memos called "the perfect excuse" for the programme's political goals. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> said the operation could undermine US efforts to work toward improving health globally.<sup id="cite_ref-TheGuardianCuba_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardianCuba-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The operation was also criticized for putting the undercover operatives themselves at risk. The covert operatives were given limited training about evading Cuban authorities suspicious of their actions. After <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gross" title="Alan Gross">Alan Gross</a>, a development specialist and USAID subcontractor, was arrested in Cuba, the US government warned USAID about the safety of covert operatives. Regardless of safety concerns, USAID refused to end the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-TheGuardianCuba_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardianCuba-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In light of the AP's report, <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Shah" title="Rajiv Shah">Rajiv Shah</a>, the head of USAID, testified before the Senate Appropriations State Department and Foreign Operations Subcommittee on 8 April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bolivia–United States relations">Bolivia–United States relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coca_in_Bolivia" title="Coca in Bolivia">Coca in Bolivia</a></div> <p>USAID operated in the coca-growing Chapare region, including under a 1983 agreement to support crop-substitution programs to encourage other crops.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No later than 1998, this funding was conditional on farmers eradicating all their coca plants.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a> growers union affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> ejected the 100 employees and contractors from USAID working in the <a href="/wiki/Chapare_Province" title="Chapare Province">Chapare</a> region, citing frustration with U.S. efforts to persuade them to switch to growing unviable alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other rules, such as the requirement that participating communities declare themselves "terrorist-free zones" as required by <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">U.S. law</a> irritated people, said <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathryn_Ledebur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathryn Ledebur (page does not exist)">Kathryn Ledebur</a>, director of the <a href="/wiki/Andean_Information_Network" title="Andean Information Network">Andean Information Network</a>. "Eradicate all your coca and then you grow an <a href="/wiki/Orange_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange tree">orange tree</a> that will get fruit in eight years but you don't have anything to eat in the meantime? A bad idea. The thing about kicking out USAID, I don't think it's an anti-American sentiment overall but rather a rejection of bad programs."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2008, USAID's Bolivian programs under the Office of Transitional Initiatives and the Democracy Program, as well as separate funding by the National Endowment for Democracy, were the subject of critical investigative reports<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that documented them supporting political initiatives in regions governed by separatist movements. During the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bolivian_political_crisis" title="2008 Bolivian political crisis">September 2008 political crisis</a>, President Evo Morales expelled US Ambassador Philip S. Goldberg and spoke out against USAID interference.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US government had previously ended OTI spending in Bolivia and subsequently redirected Democracy Program funds to other purposes, while denying USAID had interfered in Bolivian politics.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> expelled USAID from Bolivia on May 1, 2013, for allegedly seeking to undermine his government following ten years of operations within the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the USAID had seven American staffers and 37 Bolivian staffers in the country, with an annual budget of $26.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Morales explained that the expulsion was because USAID's objectives in Bolivia were to advance American interests, not to advance the interests of the Bolivian people. More specifically, President Morales noted the American "counter-narcotic" programs that harms the interests of Bolivian coca farmers who get caught in the middle of American operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Bolivian_political_crisis" title="2019 Bolivian political crisis">2019 Bolivian political crisis</a> that saw <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_%C3%81%C3%B1ez" title="Jeanine Áñez">Jeanine Áñez</a>'s assumption of power, President Áñez invited USAID to return to Bolivia to provide "technical aid to the electoral process in Bolivia".<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2020, USAID provided $700,000 in emergency assistance in fighting wildfires to the government of Luis Arce.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">Brazilian Military Dictatorship</a>, the organization launched <a href="/w/index.php?title=MEC-USAID_Agreements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEC-USAID Agreements (page does not exist)">MEC-USAID Agreements</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acordos_MEC-USAID" class="extiw" title="pt:Acordos MEC-USAID">pt</a>]</span>, responsible for transforming the Brazilian education politics closer to the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> USAID also acted in the countries public security. Between 1960 and 1972, USAID trained cops that were involved in political repression in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Folha_de_S.Paulo" title="Folha de S.Paulo">Folha de S.Paulo</a></i>, Brazil's largest newspaper, accused USAID of trying to influence political reform in Brazil in a way that would have purposely benefited right-wing parties. USAID spent $95,000 US in 2005 on a seminar in the Brazilian Congress to promote a reform aimed at pushing for legislation punishing party infidelity. According to USAID papers acquired by Folha under the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a>, the seminar was planned to coincide with the eve of talks in that country's Congress on a broad political reform. The papers read that although the "pattern of weak party discipline is found across the political spectrum, it is somewhat less true of parties on the liberal left, such as the [ruling] <a href="/wiki/Worker%27s_Party_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worker's Party (Brazil)">Worker's Party</a>." The papers also expressed a concern about the "'indigenization' of the conference so that it is not viewed as providing a U.S. perspective." The event's main sponsor was the <a href="/wiki/International_Republican_Institute" title="International Republican Institute">International Republican Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2025, Michael Benz, a former state department official, affirmed in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> on <i>The War Room</i> that Bolsonaro was seen in USAID as "Tropical Trump" and "if USAID didn't exist, <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a> would still be the president of Brazil". In February 3, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Bolsonaro" title="Eduardo Bolsonaro">Eduardo Bolsonaro</a>, federal deputy and son of Jair Bolsonaro, answered Benz in his social media by, accusing USAID of financing institutions involved with fighting against <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2022_Brazilian_general_election" title="2022 Brazilian general election">presidential elections in 2022</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Journalists" title="International Center for Journalists">International Center for Journalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Giants" title="Sleeping Giants">Sleeping Giants Brazil</a> and Vero Institute, created by the YouTuber <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Neto" title="Felipe Neto">Felipe Neto</a>, with the objective of "manipulating narratives and interfering with Brazilian democracy". He and <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Gayer" title="Gustavo Gayer">Gustavo Gayer</a> also began to collect signatures to open a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Inquiry_Commission_(Brazil)" title="Parliamentary Inquiry Commission (Brazil)">Parliamentary Inquiry Commission</a> to investigate the supposed interference. His accusations are largely considered as fake news and many of the accused institutions affirmed that never received money from USAID.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Africa">East Africa</h3></div> <p>On September 19, 2011, USAID and the <a href="/wiki/Ad_Council" title="Ad Council">Ad Council</a> launched the "Famine, War, and Drought" (FWD) campaign to raise awareness about that year's severe <a href="/wiki/2011_East_Africa_drought" title="2011 East Africa drought">drought in East Africa</a>. Through TV and internet ads as well as social media initiatives, FWD encouraged Americans to spread awareness about the crisis, support the humanitarian organizations that were conducting relief operations, and consult the Feed the Future global initiative for broader solutions. Celebrities <a href="/wiki/Geena_Davis" title="Geena Davis">Geena Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uma_Thurman" title="Uma Thurman">Uma Thurman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hartnett" title="Josh Hartnett">Josh Hartnett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chanel_Iman" title="Chanel Iman">Chanel Iman</a> took part in the campaign via a series of Public Service Announcements. Corporations like <a href="/wiki/Cargill" title="Cargill">Cargill</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Mills" title="General Mills">General Mills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a> also signed on to support FWD.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_territories">Palestinian territories</h3></div> <p>USAID halted its assistance to the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> on January 31, 2019, reportedly at the request of the Palestinian Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The request was related to new U.S. legislation, the Anti-Terrorism Clarification Act of 2018, that exposed foreign aid recipients to anti-terrorism lawsuits. USAID restarted assistance to Palestinians in April 2021 under President Biden.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency increased assistance during the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> that began in October 2023. Since October 7, 2023, USAID gave more than $2.1 billion in assistance to Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 10, 2023, more than 1,000 USAID employees signed an open letter calling for an immediate ceasefire in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3></div> <p>USAID, alongside the Department of State and Defence, has supported NGOs to removing UXO and landmines, and remediating soil contaminated by <a href="/wiki/Agent_Orange" title="Agent Orange">Agent Orange</a> from multiple regions in Vietnam,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as supporting victims of Agent Orange.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concerns_and_criticism">Concerns and criticism</h2></div> <p>U.S. foreign economic assistance has been the subject of debate and criticism since at least the 1950s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-career_contracts">Non-career contracts</h3></div> <p>USAID frequently contracts with private firms or individuals for specialist services lasting from a few weeks to several years. It has long been asked whether USAID should more often assign such tasks to career U.S. government employees instead. United States government staff directly performed technical assistance in the earliest days of the program in the 1940s. It soon became necessary for the federal government technical experts to plan and manage larger assistance programs than they could perform by themselves. The global expansion of technical assistance in the early 1950s reinforced the need to draw on outside experts, which was also accelerated by Congress's requirement of major reductions of U.S. government staffing in 1953. By 1955, observers commented on a perceived shift toward re use of shorter-term contracts (rather than using employees with career-length contracts).<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_conflicts_of_interest">Financial conflicts of interest</h3></div> <p>USAID states that "U.S. foreign assistance has always had the twofold purpose of furthering America's foreign policy interests in expanding democracy and free markets while improving the lives of the citizens of the developing world." Non-government organization watch groups have noted that as much as 40% of aid to Afghanistan has found its way back to donor countries through awarding contracts at inflated costs.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although USAID officially selects contractors on a competitive and objective basis, watchdog groups, politicians, foreign governments, and corporations have occasionally accused the agency of allowing its bidding process to be unduly influenced by the political and financial interests of its current presidential administration. Under the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a>, for instance, it emerged that all five implementing partners selected to bid on a $600 million Iraq reconstruction contract enjoyed close ties to the administration.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_operations_abroad">Political operations abroad</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAID_We_dont_need_your_aid_criticism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/USAID_We_dont_need_your_aid_criticism.jpg/170px-USAID_We_dont_need_your_aid_criticism.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/USAID_We_dont_need_your_aid_criticism.jpg/255px-USAID_We_dont_need_your_aid_criticism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/USAID_We_dont_need_your_aid_criticism.jpg/340px-USAID_We_dont_need_your_aid_criticism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Critical <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> on a USAID advertisement saying "We dont need your aid", <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, January 2007</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Blum" title="William Blum">William Blum</a> has said that in the 1960s and early 1970s, USAID has maintained "a close working relationship with the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>, and Agency officers often operated abroad under USAID cover."<sup id="cite_ref-:6_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1960s-era <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Safety" title="Office of Public Safety">Office of Public Safety</a>, a now-disbanded division of USAID, has been mentioned as an example of this, having served as a front for training foreign police in counterinsurgency methods (including torture techniques).<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Benjamin Dangl wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></i> that the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> was using USAID to fund efforts in Bolivia to "undermine the <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Morales</a> government and coopt the country’s dynamic social movements – just as it has tried to do recently in Venezuela and traditionally throughout Latin America".<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2010 to 2012, the agency operated <a href="/wiki/ZunZuneo" title="ZunZuneo">ZunZuneo</a>, a social media site similar to <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> in an attempt to instigate uprisings against the Cuban government. Its involvement was concealed in order to ensure mission success. The plan was to draw in users with non-controversial content until a <a href="/wiki/Critical_mass_(sociodynamics)" title="Critical mass (sociodynamics)">critical mass</a> is reached, after which more political messaging would be introduced. At its peak, more than 40,000 unsuspecting Cubans interacted on the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 2012, <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alliance_for_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas">ALBA</a> countries (<a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbuda" title="Barbuda">Barbuda</a>) called on its members to expel USAID from their countries.<sup id="cite_ref-NBC_News_2014_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC_News_2014-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>USAID has been criticized for <a href="/wiki/Government_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Government waste">wasteful spending</a>, with claims that its funds have been misallocated to ineffective or politically motivated projects.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics have accused USAID of being a tool for <a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">US interventionism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the agency has been accused of <a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">covert political operations</a> abroad, allegedly collaborating with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> on <a href="/wiki/Regime_change" title="Regime change">regime-change efforts</a> and controversial funding decisions, leading to strained relations with some foreign governments.<sup id="cite_ref-TheGuardianCuba_101-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardianCuba-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_the_United_Nations">Influence on the United Nations</h3></div> <p>Studies have found correlations between U.S. foreign aid levels and nations' membership on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, suggesting the use of aid to influence council votes.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemeni</a> Ambassador to the United Nations in 1990, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Saleh_al-Ashtal" title="Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal">Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal</a>, voted against <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_678" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 678">a resolution for a U.S.-led coalition to use force against Iraq</a>, U.S. ambassador to the UN <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Pickering" title="Thomas R. Pickering">Thomas Pickering</a> walked to the seat of the Yemeni Ambassador and retorted: "That was the most expensive No vote you ever cast". Immediately, USAID ceased operations and funding in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Department_terrorist_list">State Department terrorist list</h3></div> <p>USAID requires NGOs to sign a document renouncing <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>, as a condition of funding. Issam Abdul Rahman, media coordinator for the Palestinian Non-Governmental Organizations' Network, a body representing 135 NGOs in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, said his organization "takes issue with politically conditioned funding". Also, the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a>, listed as a terrorist organization by the US Department of State, said that the USAID condition was nothing more than an attempt "to impose political solutions prepared in the kitchens of Western intelligence agencies to weaken the rights and principles of Palestinians, especially the right of return."<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renouncing_prostitution_and_sex_trafficking">Renouncing prostitution and sex trafficking</h3></div> <p>In 2003, Congress passed <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Emergency_Plan_for_AIDS_Relief" title="President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief">a law</a> providing U.S. government funds to private groups to help fight <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> and other diseases all over the world through USAID grants. One of the conditions imposed by the law on grant recipients was a requirement to have "a policy explicitly <a href="/wiki/Anti-prostitution_pledge" title="Anti-prostitution pledge">opposing prostitution</a> and sex trafficking".<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in <i><a href="/wiki/USAID_v._Alliance_for_Open_Society_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID v. Alliance for Open Society (2013)">Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.</a></i> that the requirement violated the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment's</a> prohibition against compelled speech.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Involvement_in_Peru's_forced_sterilizations"><span id="Involvement_in_Peru.27s_forced_sterilizations"></span>Involvement in Peru's forced sterilizations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Forced_sterilization_in_Peru#USAID" title="Forced sterilization in Peru">Forced sterilization in Peru § USAID</a></div> <p>For three decades, USAID has been the principal foreign donor to family planning in Peru. Until the 1990s, the Peruvian government's commitment to providing family planning services was limited.<sup id="cite_ref-Chávez_Coe_2007_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chávez_Coe_2007-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, concerns arose regarding the involvement of USAID in forced sterilization campaigns in Peru. Some far-right politicians in Washington opposed USAID's funding of family planning initiatives in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Chávez_Coe_2007_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chávez_Coe_2007-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1998, David Morrison, from the U.S.-based NGO <a href="/wiki/Population_Research_Institute_(organization)" title="Population Research Institute (organization)">Population Research Institute</a> (PRI), traveled to Peru to investigate claims of human rights abuses related to these programs. During his visit, Morrison gathered testimony from Peruvian politicians and other figures opposed to family planning but did not meet with USAID officials in Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-Chávez_Coe_2007_153-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chávez_Coe_2007-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his return to the United States, the PRI submitted its findings to U.S. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Chris_Smith_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)">Chris Smith</a>, a member of the Republican Party, urging for the suspension of USAID's family planning efforts in Peru. Smith subsequently dispatched a member of his staff to Peru for further investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-Chávez_Coe_2007_153-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chávez_Coe_2007-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1998, another far-right U.S. organization, the Latin American Alliance for the Family, sent its director to Peru to examine the situation, again without consulting USAID officials. On February 25, 1998, a subcommittee of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_Committee_on_International_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House Committee on International Relations">U.S. House Committee on International Relations</a>, chaired by Smith, held a hearing on "the Peruvian population control program".<sup id="cite_ref-Chávez_Coe_2007_153-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chávez_Coe_2007-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allegations that USAID was funding forced sterilizations in Peru prompted Congressman <a href="/wiki/Todd_Tiahrt" title="Todd Tiahrt">Todd Tiahrt</a> to introduce the "<a href="/wiki/Todd_Tiahrt#Abortion_and_family_planning" title="Todd Tiahrt">Tiahrt Amendment</a>" in 1998. However, the subcommittee concluded that USAID's funding had not supported the abuses committed by the Peruvian government.<sup id="cite_ref-Chávez_Coe_2007_153-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chávez_Coe_2007-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_Inspector_General_investigation_into_alleged_terror-linked_funding">Office of Inspector General investigation into alleged terror-linked funding</h3></div> <p>According to a February 2024 report, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General,_U.S._Agency_for_International_Development" title="Office of Inspector General, U.S. Agency for International Development">USAID's Office of Inspector General</a> launched an investigation in 2023 into the agency for awarding $110,000 in 2021 to Helping Hand for Relief and Development (HHRD), a charity in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> that Republicans on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> have accused in recent years of sharing ties to terrorism organizations in South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2023, USAID's Vetting Support Unit cleared HHRD to receive the grant.<sup id="cite_ref-USAID_letter_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAID_letter-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, researchers at George Mason University reported that allegations against HHRD were part of a campaign targeting large American Muslim charities based on the manipulation of poorly-sourced information.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzgerald_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_wasteful_spending">Allegations of wasteful spending</h3></div> <p>In 2025, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Donald_Trump_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Donald Trump administration">Trump administration</a> accused USAID of "wasting massive sums of taxpayer money" over several decades, including during Trump's first presidency from 2017 to 2021. The administration highlighted a list of twelve projects, totaling approximately $400 million—less than 1% of USAID's annual budget—dating back to 2005. Among the examples cited were $1.5 million for LGBT workplace inclusion in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, $2.5 million to build <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> chargers in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, $6 million for tourism promotion in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and "hundreds of millions of dollars" (the largest item) purportedly allocated to discourage <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> farmers from growing poppies for opium, which allegedly ended up supporting poppy cultivation and benefiting the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fact checkers found that these claims were largely false, "highly misleading," or wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 3, 2025, White House Press Secretary <a href="/wiki/Karoline_Leavitt" title="Karoline Leavitt">Karoline Leavitt</a> criticized four expenditures putatively uncovered by <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">DOGE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fact-checkers found that several of the alleged wasteful grants were actually administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a>, not USAID.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. District Judge Carl Nichols, in his February 2025 order blocking the Trump administration from placing certain USAID employees on leave, "noted that despite Trump's claim of massive 'corruption and fraud' in the agency, government lawyers had no support for that argument in court."<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Trump's first term, his daughter <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a>, who served as Advisor to the President, used over $11,000 from USAID in 2019 to purchase video recording and reproducing equipment for a White House event.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Ivanka and then-First Lady <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a> had publicly praised USAID's work during the first Trump administration. Melania Trump visited Africa in 2018, speaking about USAID's efforts and stating, "We care, and we want to show the world that we care, and I’ve partnered and am working with USAID." Ivanka Trump also toured Africa on behalf of USAID, lauding her father's creation of the "Women's Global Development and Prosperity" initiative and emphasizing its alignment with U.S. national security interests.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2025, the White House's allegations of fraud led to a drastic reduction in USAID's staff from over 10,000 employees to fewer than 300.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics, including former USAID administrators, decried this move, calling it "one of the worst and most costly foreign policy blunders in U.S. history", and have argued that the cuts will result in job losses, damage to American businesses, and harm to vulnerable populations worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-WP_2025-02-06_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP_2025-02-06-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Inspector General for USAID issued a report on the spending pause and staff furloughs noting that these actions limited USAID's efforts to assure that its distributed funds "do not benefit terrorists and their supporters."<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aid_freeze_victims">Aid freeze victims</h3></div> <p>Pe Kha Lau, 71, died after she was discharged from a USAID-funded healthcare facility operated by the <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a> (IRC) while still relying on oxygen to survive. In the Umpiem Mai camp in Thailand, witnesses reported the deaths of multiple patients who too relied on oxygen. The IRC offered their condolences to the family and friends of Pe Kha Lau.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christine Stegling, deputy executive director at <a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a>, estimates that there could be a 400% increase in AIDS-related deaths around the world if <a href="/wiki/PEPFAR" class="mw-redirect" title="PEPFAR">PEPFAR</a> is not formally reauthorized for USAID funding.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Pio Smith, <a href="/wiki/UNFPA" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFPA">UNFPA</a>’s Asia-Pacific regional director, the USAID freeze could lead to 1,200 maternal deaths and 109,000 additional unwanted pregnancies in the next three years in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="African Development Foundation">African Development Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemonics_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemonics International">Chemonics International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Alternatives_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Development Alternatives Incorporated">Development Alternatives Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Experience_Clearinghouse" title="Development Experience Clearinghouse">Development Experience Clearinghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_the_Future_Initiative" title="Feed the Future Initiative">Feed the Future Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_for_Improved_Nutrition" title="Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition">Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Choices_(Moore_book)" title="Hard Choices (Moore book)"><i>Hard Choices</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Granville_(diplomat)" title="John Granville (diplomat)">John Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_development_aid_agencies" title="List of development aid agencies">List of development aid agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Transition_Initiatives" title="Office of Transition Initiatives">Office of Transition Initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POPLINE" title="POPLINE">POPLINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strengthening_Emergency_Response_Abilities_(SERA)_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Strengthening Emergency Response Abilities (SERA) Project">Strengthening Emergency Response Abilities (SERA) Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_INFO_Project" title="The INFO Project">The INFO Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._International_Development_Finance_Corporation" title="U.S. International Development Finance Corporation">U.S. International Development Finance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_aid" title="United States foreign aid">United States foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aid" title="United States military aid">United States military aid</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Each particular official statement of USAID's goals is specific to the U.S. foreign-policy emphases of the moment the statement is made. The best official statement relevant to the most recent era is in USAID's 2004 "White Paper",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reaffirmed in high-level USAID policy documents in 2006 and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See the references USAID authored at the end of this article.) <br />To give a perspective of USAID's goals that are as general as possible, the list of goals in this article subsumes one of the goals from the 2004 White Paper, "Strengthen fragile states," whose emphasis as understood at the time was on Iraq and Afghanistan, into a more general goal, "U.S. national interests", together with one of the White Paper's other goals, "Support strategic states". State fragility is understood to be one of the development issues addressed under this article's "Socioeconomic development" goal. <br />On the other hand, the White Paper's goal, "Provide humanitarian relief", is divided in this article into two goals, both of which are humanitarian: "Disaster relief" (which may assist victims at various income levels) and "Poverty relief" (which targets chronic poverty, not just the result of a disaster, and which does not necessarily have to be justified by a developmental impact).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data from USAID reports, "Distribution of Personnel as of June 30, 1949 thru 1976",<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Supporting the USAID Mission",<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "USAID Staffing Report to Congress" of 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Staffing_Report_2016_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staffing_Report_2016-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The names of predecessor agencies often continued in popular usage. In Vietnam in the 1960s, it was common to refer to A.I.D.'s office as "USOM," while in Peru A.I.D. telephone operators continued in the 1960s to answer calls saying "Punto Cuatro" (Point Four).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1966, the UN would also integrate its EPTA and the Special Fund into a new agency, the UN Development Program, or UNDP.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Fulbright educational and cultural exchange program was also strengthened by the Fulbright-Hays Act in September 1961.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10261">U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. 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Zed Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IbQvd13uToC/page/n141">142</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IbQvd13uToC/page/n199">200</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IbQvd13uToC/page/n233">234</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-369-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-369-7"><bdi>978-1-84277-369-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Killing+hope+%3A+U.S.+military+and+CIA+interventions+since+World+War+II&rft.pages=142%2C+200%2C+234&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84277-369-7&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpdfy-q0ULBH2DJICRS3Vg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Agency+for+International+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtterman2007" class="citation book cs1">Otterman, Michael (2007). <i>American torture: from the Cold War to Abu Ghraib and beyond</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2025</span>. <q>Foreign governments have long accused the U.S. Agency for International Development of being a front for the CIA or other groups dedicated to their collapse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=%27Cuban+Twitter%27+and+Other+Times+USAID+Pretended+To+Be+an+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2025-02-11&rft.aulast=Traywick&rft.aufirst=Catherine+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2014%2F04%2F03%2Fcuban-twitter-and-other-times-usaid-pretended-to-be-an-intelligence-agency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Agency+for+International+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NBC_News_2014-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NBC_News_2014_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/after-more-50-years-usaid-leaving-ecuador-n215621">"After More Than 50 Years, USAID Is Leaving Ecuador"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 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February 4, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=%2470%2C000+for+transgender+comic+in+Peru%2C+%241.5+million+for+DEI+in+Serbia%3A+Trump+press+secretary+slams+USAID+amid+DOGE+scrutiny&rft.date=2025-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2F70000-for-transgender-comic-in-peru-1-5-million-for-dei-in-serbia-trump-press-secretary-slams-usaid-amid-doge-scrutiny%2Famp_articleshow%2F117907246.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Agency+for+International+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/02/07/usaid-trump-fact-checker">"The White House's wildly inaccurate claims about USAID spending"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. February 7, 2025. <q><br /><strong>"$2.5 million for electric vehicles for Vietnam"</strong> This is wrong. This was for more than electric vehicles. USAID launched a $2.5 million fund that provided awards up to $100,000 to organizations with promising new products, business models, or financing models in Danang or Ho Chi Minh cities. The fund was part of a larger effort to bring green energy to a country that is one of the world's fastest-growing per capita greenhouse gas emitters. China has a head start on green energy, but the United States has sought to keep Vietnam out of China's orbit, so the program was intended to boost the U.S. brand in green energy. <br /><strong>"$6 million to fund tourism in Egypt"</strong> This is wrong. This initiative was launched in the first Trump administration to "increase educational opportunities and strengthen the livelihoods of the people of North Sinai," according to the citation provided by the White House. The money would "provide access to transportation for rural communities and economic livelihood programming for families." There is no mention of funding tourism. <br /><strong>"[H]eroin production in Afghanistan,' benefiting the Taliban"</strong> This is false. USAID never intended to support opium poppy cultivation or the Taliban, and in fact the United States sought to stem it. The White House cites a right-wing news site's account of a 2018 report by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) — whom President Donald Trump recently fired — that found that USAID efforts to fund alternative development projects during the George W. Bush administration (2005 to 2008) had failed. The Taliban before 2001 had successfully banned poppy cultivation, but the U.S. invasion led to a power vacuum that was exploited by poppy growers. USAID was the lead U.S. agency for implementing alternative development projects, modeled after a more successful effort in Colombia, but the report documented how conflicts among agencies and with allies hampered the effort. 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_development_agencies" title="Template:International development agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_development_agencies" title="Template talk:International development agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_development_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International development agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_development_agencies_maintained_by_governments147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_development_aid_agencies" title="List of development aid agencies">International development agencies</a> maintained by governments</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egypt: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Agency_for_Partnership_for_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian Agency for Partnership for Development (page does not exist)">EAPD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)">DFAT</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">CIDCA</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Mashav" title="Mashav">Mashav</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">JICA</a></li> <li>Kuwait: <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Fund_for_Arab_Economic_Development" title="Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development">KFAED</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Development_and_Reconstruction_Program_for_Yemen" title="Saudi Development and Reconstruction Program for Yemen">SDRPY</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Korea_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Korea International Cooperation Agency">KOICA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Export%E2%80%93Import_Bank_of_Korea" title="Export–Import Bank of Korea">Korea Eximbank</a></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Agency_for_International_Development" title="New Zealand Agency for International Development">NZAID</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_International_Cooperation_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian International Cooperation Agency (page does not exist)">PICA</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Cooperation_and_Development_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Cooperation and Development Fund (page does not exist)">ICDF</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thailand_International_Cooperation_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thailand International Cooperation Agency (page does not exist)">TICA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Development_Agency" title="Austrian Development Agency">ADA</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_International_Development_Agency" title="Azerbaijan International Development Agency">AIDA</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Danish_International_Development_Agency" title="Danish International Development Agency">DANIDA</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_for_International_Development_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department for International Development Cooperation (page does not exist)">FINIDA</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/French_Development_Agency" title="French Development Agency">AFD</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Internationale_Zusammenarbeit" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit">GIZ</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Development_Cooperation_Directorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Development Cooperation Directorate (page does not exist)">Hellenic Aid</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Irish_Aid" title="Irish Aid">Irish Aid</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agenzia_Italiana_per_la_Cooperazione_allo_Sviluppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agenzia Italiana per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (page does not exist)">AICS</a></li> <li>Liechtenstein: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liechtensteinische_Entwicklungsdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liechtensteinische Entwicklungsdienst (page does not exist)">Liechtensteinische Entwicklungsdienst</a></li> <li>Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Lux-Development" title="Lux-Development">Lux-Development</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Agency_for_Development_Cooperation" title="Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation">Norad</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Institute_for_Development_Support" title="Portuguese Institute for Development Support">IPAD</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Aid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish Aid (page does not exist)">Polish Aid</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States_Affairs,_Compatriots_Living_Abroad,_and_International_Humanitarian_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation">Rossotrudnichestvo</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_International_Development_Cooperation" title="Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation">AECID</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency">Sida</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Agency_for_Development_and_Cooperation" title="Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation">SDC</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cooperation_and_Coordination_Agency" title="Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency">TIKA</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Department_for_International_Development" title="Department for International Development">DFID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_International_Development_Agency" title="Canadian International Development Agency">CIDA</a></li> <li>United States: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">USAID</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Challenge_Corporation" title="Millennium Challenge Corporation">Millennium Challenge Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brazil: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ag%C3%AAncia_Brasileira_de_Coopera%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agência Brasileira de Cooperação (page does not exist)">ABC</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agencia_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Chile (page does not exist)">AGCI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_F._Kennedy1003" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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Kennedy">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy#Administration,_Cabinet,_and_judicial_appointments_1961–63" title="John F. Kennedy">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="John F. Kennedy Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:John Fitzgerald Kennedy/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:John Fitzgerald Kennedy/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_or_granted_clemency_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States">Presidential pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-100-X" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-100-X">Presidential limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/Y_Manitou" class="mw-redirect" title="S/Y Manitou">Presidential yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_desk" title="Resolute desk"><i>Resolute</i> desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room" title="Situation Room">Situation Room</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_administration" title="Foreign policy of the John F. Kennedy administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Progress" title="Alliance for Progress">Alliance for Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Control_and_Disarmament_Agency" title="Arms Control and Disarmament Agency">Arms Control and Disarmament Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty">Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_response" title="Flexible response">Flexible response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Expansion_Act" title="Trade Expansion Act">Trade Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_Refugee_Assistance_Act" title="Migration and Refugee Assistance Act">Migration and Refugee Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">USAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#The_Kennedy_years,_1961–63" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Project">Cuban Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXCOMM" title="EXCOMM">ExComm</a></li></ul></li> <li>Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow%E2%80%93Washington_hotline" title="Moscow–Washington hotline">Moscow–Washington hotline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_summit" title="Vienna summit">Vienna summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Frontier" title="New Frontier">New Frontier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Satellite_Act_of_1962" title="Communications Satellite Act of 1962">Communications Satellite Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Mental_Health_Act" title="Community Mental Health Act">Community Mental Health Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Pay_Act_of_1963" title="Equal Pay Act of 1963">Equal Pay Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11110" title="Executive Order 11110">Executive Order 11110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10925" title="Executive Order 10925">Federal affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11063" title="Executive Order 11063">Federal housing segregation ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_march" title="Kennedy march">Fifty-mile hikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program#Pilot_Food_Stamp_Program_(1961–1964)" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">Pilot Food Stamp Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Kennedy_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="Presidential Commission on the Status of Women">Status of Women (Presidential Commission)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">University of Alabama integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1961" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1961">Oil Pollution Act of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1962" title="Revenue Act of 1962">Revenue Act of 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Farm_and_Rural_Development_Act_of_1961" title="Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961">Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_Loan_Act" title="Wetlands Loan Act">Wetlands Loan Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential<br />speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy#The_inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">Inaugural address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_speech" title="American University speech">American University speech</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_to_the_American_People_on_Civil_Rights" title="Report to the American People on Civil Rights">Report to the American People on Civil Rights</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ich_bin_ein_Berliner" title="Ich bin ein Berliner">Ich bin ein Berliner</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_rising_tide_lifts_all_boats" title="A rising tide lifts all boats">A rising tide lifts all boats</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remarks_at_Amherst_College_on_the_Arts" title="Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts">Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_30,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 30, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1962 State of the Union Address">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1963 State of the Union Address">1963</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Electoral history of John F. Kennedy">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. House of Representatives elections: <a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1950 United States House of Representatives elections">1950</a></li> <li>U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1960 presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_1960_presidential_campaign" title="John F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign">1960 presidential campaign</a></li> <li>Democratic National Conventions: <a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election 1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_National_Historic_Site" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site">Birthplace and childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Querida_(mansion)" title="La Querida (mansion)">La Querida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wexford_(Marshall,_Virginia)" title="Wexford (Marshall, Virginia)">Wexford</a></li> <li>Navy service: <a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-109" title="Patrol torpedo boat PT-109"><i>PT-109</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biuku_Gasa_and_Eroni_Kumana" title="Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana">Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Reginald_Evans" title="Arthur Reginald Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59" title="Patrol torpedo boat PT-59"><i>PT-59</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hot_Springs_(Arizona)" title="Castle Hot Springs (Arizona)">Castle Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Farm" title="Hammersmith Farm">Hammersmith Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King#John_F._Kennedy_phone_call" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King phone call</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday,_Mr._President" title="Happy Birthday, Mr. President">Happy Birthday, Mr. President</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_document_hoax" title="John F. Kennedy document hoax">John F. Kennedy document hoax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Why_England_Slept" title="Why England Slept"><i>Why England Slept</i> <small>(1940)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage"><i>Profiles in Courage</i> <small>(1956)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Nation_of_Immigrants" title="A Nation of Immigrants"><i>A Nation of Immigrants</i> <small>(1958)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Death</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy assassination">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Media coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy">media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Reactions to the assassination of John F. Kennedy">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_in_popular_culture" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy in popular culture">in popular culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">State funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Jack_(horse)" title="Black Jack (horse)">Riderless horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_state_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of dignitaries at the state funeral of John F. Kennedy">attending dignitaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Eternal_Flame" title="John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame">Gravesite and Eternal Flame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Bibliography of John F. Kennedy">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profile_in_Courage_Award" title="Profile in Courage Award">Profile in Courage Award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fourth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11 Moon landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Round" title="Kennedy Round">Kennedy Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:Films about John F. Kennedy">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_cents_John_Kennedy" title="Five cents John Kennedy">U.S. five cent stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Kennedy_coincidences_urban_legend" title="Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend">Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sail" title="Operation Sail">Operation Sail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of things named after John F. Kennedy">Memorials,<br />namesakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Federal_Building" title="John F. Kennedy Federal Building">John F. Kennedy Federal Building (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_F._Kennedy_(Boston)" title="Statue of John F. Kennedy (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_(Brooklyn)" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial (Brooklyn)">Brooklyn bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial">Dallas memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_(Hyannis,_Massachusetts)" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial (Hyannis, Massachusetts)">Hyannis memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial,_London" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial, London">London bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_John_F._Kennedy_(Nashua,_New_Hampshire)" title="Bust of John F. Kennedy (Nashua, New Hampshire)">Nashua bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial (Portland, Oregon)">Portland memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnymede#John_F._Kennedy_Memorial" title="Runnymede">Runnymede memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Arboretum" title="John F. Kennedy Arboretum">John F. Kennedy Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Bridge" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge">John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_University" title="John F. Kennedy University">John F. Kennedy University (defunct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Stadium" title="John F. Kennedy Stadium">John F. Kennedy Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Expressway" title="Kennedy Expressway">Kennedy Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kennedy" title="Mount Kennedy">Mount Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_John_F._Kennedy" title="MV John F. Kennedy">MV <i>John F. Kennedy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)">USS <i>John F. Kennedy</i> (CV-67)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CVN-79)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)">USS <i>John F. Kennedy</i> (CVN-79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Kennedy" title="Yad Kennedy">Yad Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Park" title="Love Park">Love Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Bouvier</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Schlossberg" title="Rose Schlossberg">Rose Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Schlossberg" title="Tatiana Schlossberg">Tatiana Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Schlossberg" title="Jack Schlossberg">Jack Schlossberg</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Fitzgerald</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy" title="Rosemary Kennedy">Rosemary Kennedy</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennedy_Lawford" title="Patricia Kennedy Lawford">Patricia Kennedy Lawford</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kennedy_Smith" title="Jean Kennedy Smith">Jean Kennedy Smith</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Kennedy" title="P. J. Kennedy">P. J. Kennedy</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushinka" title="Pushinka">Pushinka</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_and_Debbie" title="Billie and Debbie">Billie and Debbie</a> (hamsters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_(horse)" title="Sardar (horse)">Sardar</a> (horse)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">← Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:John F. 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