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<span>Arabic nūn</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arabic_nūn-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arabic nūn subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arabic_nūn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Punjabi/Saraiki_nūn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjabi/Saraiki_nūn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Punjabi/Saraiki nūn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjabi/Saraiki_nūn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_media_campaign_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_media_campaign_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Social media campaign (2014)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_media_campaign_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jawi_nya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jawi_nya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Jawi <i>nya</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jawi_nya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew_nun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_nun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hebrew nun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hebrew_nun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hebrew nun subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_nun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character_encodings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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<main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nun (letter)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nun (lletra)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun" title="Nun – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nun" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%ABn" title="Nūn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nūn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_(hizkia)" title="Nun (hizkia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nun (hizkia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86" title="ن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_(huruf_Semit)" title="Nun (huruf Semit) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nun (huruf Semit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_(lettera)" title="Nun (lettera) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nun (lettera)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0" title="נ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Нун (буква) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нун (буква)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_(litera)" title="Nun (litera) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nun (litera)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num_(letra)" title="Num (letra) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Num (letra)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun" title="Nun – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nun" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86" title="ن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ccccff; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;"><div style="float: left;"><small><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">← Mem</a></small></div> Nun <div style="float: right;"><small><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">Samekh →</a></small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226385857">.mw-parser-output .script-phoenician{font-family:"Noto Sans Phoenician",sans-serif}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-phoenician">𐤍</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נ</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1226385528">.mw-parser-output .script-aramaic{font-family:"Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic",sans-serif}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-aramaic">𐡍</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1009732421">.mw-parser-output .script-Syre{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrj{font-family:"Serto Batnan","Serto Jerusalem","Serto Kharput","Serto Malankara","Serto Mardin","Serto Urhoy","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Western"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrn{font-family:"East Syriac Adiabene","East Syriac Ctesiphon","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Eastern",FreeSans,Code2000}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrc{font-family:"Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Eastern","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Noto Sans Syriac Western","FreeSans","Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","East Syriac Adiabene","East Syriac Ctesiphon","Segoe UI Historic","Serto Batnan","Serto Jerusalem","Serto Kharput","Serto Malankara","Serto Mardin","Serto Urhoy",Code2000}</style><span class="script-Syre" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;" lang="syc-Syre">ܢ</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 300%; line-height: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Phonemic representation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Position in alphabet</th><td class="infobox-data">14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Numerical value</th><td class="infobox-data">50</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ccccff; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;">Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ν">Ν</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nun</b> is the fourteenth <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Semitic_abjads" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitic abjads">Semitic abjads</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> <i>nūn</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎, <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <i>nūn</i> 𐡍, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <i>nūn</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נ</span>‎, <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <i>nūn</i> 𐤍‎, and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <i>nūn</i> ܢ,. Its <a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">numerical value</a> is 50. It is the third letter in <a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> (<span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ނ</span></span>), pronounced as "noonu". In all languages, it represents the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal">alveolar nasal</a> /n/. </p><p>The Phoenician letter gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Nu_(letter)" title="Nu (letter)">nu</a> (Ν), <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanN-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="N"><img alt="N" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/EtruscanN-01.svg/6px-EtruscanN-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/EtruscanN-01.svg/9px-EtruscanN-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/EtruscanN-01.svg/12px-EtruscanN-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Age_alphabets" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Bronze Age alphabets">Middle Bronze Age alphabets</a></div><p> Nun is believed to descend from an Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Serpent_(symbolism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpent (symbolism)">hieroglyph of a snake</a> (the Hebrew word for snake, <i>nachash</i> begins with Nun) or eel. Some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> have hypothesized a hieroglyph of fish in water as its origin (In Aramaic and Akkadian <i>nun</i> means fish, and in Arabic, <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">nūn</i></span></i> means large fish or whale). The Phoenician letter was also named <span title="Semitic languages romanization"><i lang="sem-Latn">nūn</i></span> "fish", but this name has been suggested to descend from a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Proto-Canaanite" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Canaanite">Proto-Canaanite</a> word <span title="Semitic languages romanization"><i lang="sem-Latn">naḥš</i></span> "snake", based on the letter name in <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez script">Ethiopic</a>, ultimately from a <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyph</a> representing a snake, </p><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I10.png?9f0b0" height="38" title="I10" alt="I10" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arabic_nūn"><span id="Arabic_n.C5.ABn"></span>Arabic nūn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arabic nūn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:palegreen; color:black;;">Nūn نون</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ن</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:palegreen; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alphabetical position</th><td class="infobox-data">25</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:palegreen; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/%F0%93%86%93" class="mw-redirect" title="𓆓">𓆓</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%93%86%93" class="mw-redirect" title="𓆓">𓆓</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%A4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="𐤍">𐤫</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%A4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="𐤍">𐤫</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>𐡍<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>𐢔‎, 𐢕‎<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>ں</b><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ن</span></span></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendants</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A8" title="ݨ">ݨ</a></span><br /><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ں</span><br /><span title="Sindhi-language text"><span lang="sd"><span style="font-size:120%">ڻ</span></span></span><br /><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps"><span style="font-size:120%">ڼ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:palegreen; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Right-to-left</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The letter is named <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">nūn</i></span></i>, and is written is several ways depending in its position in the word: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="line-height:1.5;text-align:left">Position in word: </th> <th scope="col">Isolated </th> <th scope="col">Final </th> <th scope="col">Medial </th> <th scope="col">Initial </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Naskh_(script)" title="Naskh (script)">Naskh</a> glyph form:<br />(<a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">Help</a>) </th> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـن</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـنـ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">نـ</span>‎ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq" class="mw-redirect" title="Nastaʿlīq">Nastaʿlīq</a> glyph form: </th> <td style="font-size:3em"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ن</span> </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ــــن</span> </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ــــنــــ</span> </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نــــ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Some examples on its uses in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a>: </p><p>Nūn is used as a suffix indicating feminine plural verb conjugations; for example <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">هِيَ تَكْتُب</span></span> <i>hiya taktub</i> ("she writes") becomes <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">هُنَّ يَكْتُبْنَ</span></span> <i>hunna yaktubna</i> ("they [feminine] write"). </p><p>Nūn is also used as the prefix for first-person plural <a href="/wiki/Imperfective" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperfective">imperfective</a>/<a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">present tense</a> verbs. Thus <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">هُوَ يَكْتُب</span></span> <i>huwa yaktub</i> ("he writes") → <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نَحْنُ نَكْتُب</span></span> <i>naḥnu naktub</i> ("we write"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punjabi/Saraiki_nūn"><span id="Punjabi.2FSaraiki_n.C5.ABn"></span>Punjabi/Saraiki nūn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Punjabi/Saraiki nūn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is <b>retroflex nasal</b> <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound in some languages. Its symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> is ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ɳ</span>⟩, formed by adding a rightward hook to the bottom of ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">n</span>⟩, the symbol for the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar consonant</a>. The <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>n`</code>. </p><p>It is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">palatal nasal</a> ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ɲ</span>⟩ with a leftward hook from the left stem. Another similar sound is the <a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a> ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ŋ</span>⟩ with a leftward hook from the right stem; in <a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a>, this is ݨ, combining nūn and rre ڑ: for example کݨ مݨ، چھݨ چھݨ، ونڄݨ۔ . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_media_campaign_(2014)"><span id="Social_media_campaign_.282014.29"></span>Social media campaign (2014)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social media campaign (2014)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christians#Arabic_terms" title="Christians">Christians § Arabic terms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians by ISIL">Persecution of Christians by ISIL</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War#Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War">Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War § Christians</a></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">fall of Mosul</a>, ISIL demanded <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Christians">Assyrian Christians</a> in the city to <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">convert to Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">pay tribute</a>, or face execution.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISIL troops begun spray painting homes of Christian residents with the letter <i>nūn</i> for <span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><i>naṣrānī</i></i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نصراني</span></span>; plural <span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><i>naṣārā</i></i></span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نصارى</span></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(title)" title="Nazarene (title)">Nazarene</a>"), a disparaging Arabic term for Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph-2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands were forced to abandon their homes and land, including Christians, Yazidis (given the choice of conversion or death), <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'a</a> Muslims, and Muslims loyal to other Islamic nations considered <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">apostates</a> by ISIL. </p><p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians by ISIL">persecution of Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL">Yazidis</a> by ISIL, an international social media campaign was launched to raise global awareness, symbolized by the letter <b><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ن</span></span></b> (<i>nun</i>)—the mark painted by ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Christians changed their profile pictures to the letter <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ن</span></span> as a symbol of support, calling it the "Mark of the Nazarene".<sup id="cite_ref-euronews.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euronews.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Naṣārā</i>/<i>nosrim</i> designates Christians in Arabic, Aramaic and Hebrew, although the more common term for Christians in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a> is <i>masihi</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسيحي</span></span>, plural <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسيحيون</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jawi_nya">Jawi <i>nya</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jawi nya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi alphabet</a>, the letter <i><a href="/wiki/%DA%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="ڽ">nya</a></i> is a modified form of the letter <i>nūn</i> with two additional dots. However, if <i>nya</i> is initial or medial, its dots will be three dots below instead of three dots above, similarly how the Persian letter <i><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Persian_letter)" title="Pe (Persian letter)">pe</a></i> works on medial or initial form due to its similar looking. This letter also looks like <i><a href="/wiki/%D8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ث">tsa</a></i> in general. This letter is thus written as: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="line-height:1.5;text-align:left">Position in word </th> <th scope="col">Isolated </th> <th scope="col">Final </th> <th scope="col">Medial </th> <th scope="col">Initial </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Glyph form:<br />(<a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">Help</a>) </th> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڽ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڽ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڽـ</span>‎ </td> <td style="font-size:3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڽـ</span>‎ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The letter <i>nya</i> is also a suffix for indirect object belonging to him/her/it. The example is <i><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms" dir="rtl">رومهڽ</span></span></i> (<span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">rumahnya</i></span> in Rumi alphabet), which means his/her/its house. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hebrew_nun">Hebrew nun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hebrew nun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warszawa_-_synagoga_z_Gwo%C5%BAd%C5%BAca_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Warszawa_-_synagoga_z_Gwo%C5%BAd%C5%BAca_4.JPG/220px-Warszawa_-_synagoga_z_Gwo%C5%BAd%C5%BAca_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Warszawa_-_synagoga_z_Gwo%C5%BAd%C5%BAca_4.JPG/330px-Warszawa_-_synagoga_z_Gwo%C5%BAd%C5%BAca_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Warszawa_-_synagoga_z_Gwo%C5%BAd%C5%BAca_4.JPG/440px-Warszawa_-_synagoga_z_Gwo%C5%BAd%C5%BAca_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Calligraphic example of a terminal nun at a Polish synagogue: הדוכן (<i>ha-dukhan</i>, "the pulpit")</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6"><small><a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">Orthographic</a> variants</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><small>position<br />in<br />word</small> </th> <th colspan="3"><small>Various print fonts</small> </th> <th rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive<br />Hebrew</a></small> </th> <th rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi<br />script</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>Serif</small></th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></small></th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Monospaced" class="mw-redirect" title="Monospaced">Monospaced</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="15%"><small>non final</small> </td> <td width="17%"><span style="font:30pt 'Times New Roman', 'SBL Hebrew', David, Narkisim, 'New Peninim MT', 'Taamey Frank CLM', serif;">נ</span> </td> <td width="17%"><span style="font:28pt Arial, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'Noto Sans Hebrew', Alef, sans-serif;">נ</span> </td> <td width="17%"><span style="font:30pt 'Courier New', 'Miriam Fixed', 'Miriam Mono CLM', FreeMono, 'Fixed Miriam Transparent', monospace;">נ</span> </td> <td width="17%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebrew_letter_Nun_handwriting.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Hebrew_letter_Nun_handwriting.svg/22px-Hebrew_letter_Nun_handwriting.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Hebrew_letter_Nun_handwriting.svg/33px-Hebrew_letter_Nun_handwriting.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Hebrew_letter_Nun_handwriting.svg/44px-Hebrew_letter_Nun_handwriting.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span> </td> <td width="17%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nun-nonfinal_(Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nun-nonfinal_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/35px-Nun-nonfinal_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nun-nonfinal_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/53px-Nun-nonfinal_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nun-nonfinal_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/70px-Nun-nonfinal_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="67" data-file-height="92" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="15%"><small>final</small> </td> <td width="17%"><span style="font:30pt 'Times New Roman', 'SBL Hebrew', David, Narkisim, 'Taamey Frank CLM', serif;">ן</span> </td> <td width="17%"><span style="font:28pt Arial, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'Noto Sans Hebrew', Alef, sans-serif;">ן</span> </td> <td width="17%"><span style="font:30pt 'Courier New', 'Miriam Fixed', 'Miriam Mono CLM', FreeMono, 'Fixed Miriam Transparent', monospace;">ן</span> </td> <td width="17%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebrew_letter_Nun-final_handwriting.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hebrew_letter_Nun-final_handwriting.svg/22px-Hebrew_letter_Nun-final_handwriting.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hebrew_letter_Nun-final_handwriting.svg/33px-Hebrew_letter_Nun-final_handwriting.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hebrew_letter_Nun-final_handwriting.svg/44px-Hebrew_letter_Nun-final_handwriting.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span> </td> <td width="17%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nun-final_(Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Nun-final_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/35px-Nun-final_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Nun-final_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/53px-Nun-final_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Nun-final_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg/70px-Nun-final_%28Rashi-script_-_Hebrew_letter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="125" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hebrew spelling: <big><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">נוּן</span></span></big> </p> <dl><dt>The letter in its final position appears with or without a top hook on different sans-serif fonts, for example</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Arial, DejaVu Sans, Arimo, Open Sans: <span style="font:29pt Arial, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'DejaVu Sans', Arimo, 'Open Sans', sans-serif;">ן</span></li> <li>Tahoma, Noto Sans Hebrew, Alef, Heebo: <span style="font:29pt Tahoma, 'Noto Sans Hebrew', Alef, Heebo, sans-serif;">ן</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nun represents an <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal">alveolar nasal</a>, (<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span>), like the English letter <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variations">Variations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nun, like <a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">Kaph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">Mem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">Pe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tzadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzadi">Tzadi</a>, has a <a href="/wiki/Final_form" title="Final form">final form</a>, used at the end of words. Its shape changes from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl"><b>נ</b></span>‎ to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl"><b>ן</b></span>‎. There are also nine instances of an <a href="/wiki/Inverted_nun" title="Inverted nun">inverted nun</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">׆</span>‎) in the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Significance">Significance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a>, Nun represents the number 50. Its final form represents 700 but this is rarely used, <a href="/wiki/Tav_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tav (letter)">Tav</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin</a> (400+300) being used instead. </p><p>As in Arabic, nun as an abbreviation can stand for <i>neqevah</i>, feminine. In medieval Rabbinic writings, Nun Sophit (Final Nun) stood for "Son of" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <i>ben</i>). </p><p>Nun is also one of the seven letters which receive a special crown (called a <i>tag</i>: plural <i>tagin </i> ) when written in a <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Torah">Sefer Torah</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Tag_(Hebrew_writing)" title="Tag (Hebrew writing)">Tag (Hebrew writing)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">Ayin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">Teth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gimmel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gimmel">Gimmel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">Zayin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tzade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzade">Tzadi</a>. </p><p>In the game of <a href="/wiki/Dreidel" title="Dreidel">dreidel</a>, a rolled Nun passes play to the next player with no other action. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_encodings">Character encodings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Character encodings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">נ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ן</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ن</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ࢽ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ܢ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ࠍ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">HEBREW LETTER NUN </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">ARABIC LETTER NOON </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN NOON </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">SYRIAC LETTER NUN </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">SAMARITAN LETTER NUN </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>1504</td> <td>U+05E0</td> <td>1503</td> <td>U+05DF</td> <td>1606</td> <td>U+0646</td> <td>2237</td> <td>U+08BD</td> <td>1826</td> <td>U+0722</td> <td>2061</td> <td>U+080D </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>215 160</td> <td>D7 A0</td> <td>215 159</td> <td>D7 9F</td> <td>217 134</td> <td>D9 86</td> <td>224 162 189</td> <td>E0 A2 BD</td> <td>220 162</td> <td>DC A2</td> <td>224 160 141</td> <td>E0 A0 8D </td></tr> <tr class="template-charmap-numchr"> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#1504;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x5E0;<wbr /></td> <td>&#1503;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x5DF;<wbr /></td> <td>&#1606;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x646;<wbr /></td> <td>&#2237;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x8BD;<wbr /></td> <td>&#1826;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x722;<wbr /></td> <td>&#2061;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x80D;<wbr /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">𐎐</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">𐡍</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">𐤍 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061632564">Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">UGARITIC LETTER NUN </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER NUN </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">PHOENICIAN LETTER NUN </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>66448</td> <td>U+10390</td> <td>67661</td> <td>U+1084D</td> <td>67853</td> <td>U+1090D </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>240 144 142 144</td> <td>F0 90 8E 90</td> <td>240 144 161 141</td> <td>F0 90 A1 8D</td> <td>240 144 164 141</td> <td>F0 90 A4 8D </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></td> <td>55296 57232</td> <td>D800 DF90</td> <td>55298 56397</td> <td>D802 DC4D</td> <td>55298 56589</td> <td>D802 DD0D </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#66448;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x10390;<wbr /></td> <td>&#67661;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1084D;<wbr /></td> <td>&#67853;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1090D;<wbr /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nunation" title="Nunation">Nunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setaceous_Hebrew_Character" class="mw-redirect" title="Setaceous Hebrew Character">Setaceous Hebrew Character (<i>Xestia c-nigrum</i>)</a> - a <a href="/wiki/Moth" title="Moth">moth</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Noctuidae" title="Noctuidae">Noctuidae</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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.reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hebrew_language" title="Template:Hebrew language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hebrew_language" title="Template talk:Hebrew language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hebrew_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hebrew language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hebrew_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Hebrew_alphabet" title="History of the Hebrew alphabet">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Ancient inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">Transliteration to English</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_English" title="Hebraization of English">from English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">Gematria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Israelian_Hebrew" title="Israelian Hebrew">northern dialect</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reading traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews#Romaniote_Hebrew" title="Romaniote Jews">Romaniote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Hebrew" title="Italian Hebrew">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Hebrew" title="Mizrahi Hebrew">Mizrahi</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jews#Pronunciation_of_Hebrew" title="Syrian Jews">Syrian</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Hebrew" title="Yemenite Hebrew">Yemenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Tiberian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_vocalization" title="Palestinian vocalization">Palestinian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_vocalization" title="Babylonian vocalization">Babylonian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orthography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_orthography" title="Biblical Hebrew orthography">Biblical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_(Hebrew_writing)" title="Tag (Hebrew writing)">Crowning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Alphabet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Alef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">Bet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">Gimel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">Dalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">Hei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">Vav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">Zayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">Ḥet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">Tet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">Yud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">Kaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">Lamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">Mem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">Samech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">Ayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">Pei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">Tsadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">Kuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">Resh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">Tav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niqqud" title="Niqqud">Niqqud</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_vocalization" title="Tiberian vocalization">Tiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_vocalization" title="Babylonian vocalization">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_vocalization" title="Palestinian vocalization">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_vocalization" title="Samaritan vocalization">Samaritan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shva" title="Shva">Shva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiriq" title="Hiriq">Hiriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzere" title="Tzere">Tzere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segol" title="Segol">Segol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patach" title="Patach">Pataḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamatz" title="Kamatz">Kamatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holam" title="Holam">Holam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubutz_and_shuruk" title="Kubutz and shuruk">Kubutz/shuruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagesh" title="Dagesh">Dagesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappiq" title="Mappiq">Mappiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation#Hyphen_and_maqaf" title="Hebrew punctuation">Maqaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafe" title="Rafe">Rafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)#Sin_and_Shin_dot" title="Shin (letter)">Sin/Shin dot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_spelling" title="Hebrew spelling">Spelling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktiv_menuqad" title="Ktiv menuqad">with Niqqud</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ktiv_hasar_niqqud#Ktiv_haser" title="Ktiv hasar niqqud">missing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ktiv_hasar_niqqud" title="Ktiv hasar niqqud">full</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mater_lectionis" title="Mater lectionis">Mater lectionis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_abbreviations" title="Hebrew abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plene_scriptum" title="Plene scriptum">Plene scriptum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Punctuation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_diacritics" title="Hebrew diacritics">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteg" title="Meteg">Meteg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_cantillation" title="Hebrew cantillation">Cantillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geresh" title="Geresh">Geresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershayim" title="Gershayim">Gershayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_nun" title="Inverted nun">Inverted nun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekel_sign" title="Shekel sign">Shekel sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_numerals" title="Hebrew numerals">Numerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">Phonology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew#Phonology" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippi%27s_law" title="Philippi's law">Philippi's law</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begadkefat" title="Begadkefat">Law of attenuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language#Hebrew_grammar" title="Hebrew language">Grammar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew#Grammar" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_grammar" title="Modern Hebrew grammar">Modern</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_verbs" title="Modern Hebrew verbs">Verbal morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">Semitic roots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefixes_in_Hebrew" title="Prefixes in Hebrew">Prefixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffixes_in_Hebrew" title="Suffixes in Hebrew">Suffixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segolate" title="Segolate">Segolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vav-consecutive" title="Vav-consecutive">Vav-consecutive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language" title="Academy of the Hebrew Language">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Study of the Hebrew language">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpan" title="Ulpan">Ulpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_keyboard" title="Hebrew keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_literature" title="Hebrew literature">Hebrew</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hebrew_writings" title="Ancient Hebrew writings">ancient</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">modern Israeli</a> literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_surnames" title="Hebraization of surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML_for_the_Hebrew_alphabet" title="Unicode and HTML for the Hebrew alphabet">Unicode and HTML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reference works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesenius-Kautsch-Cowley" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesenius-Kautsch-Cowley">Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gesenius" title="Wilhelm Gesenius">Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown%E2%80%93Driver%E2%80%93Briggs" title="Brown–Driver–Briggs">Brown–Driver–Briggs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strong%27s_Concordance" title="Strong's Concordance">Strong's Concordance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_and_Aramaic_Lexicon_of_the_Old_Testament" title="Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament">Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arabic_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arabic_language" title="Template:Arabic language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic_language" title="Template talk:Arabic language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arabic_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> language</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arabic_alphabet" title="History of the Arabic alphabet">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_Arabic_on_other_languages" title="Influence of Arabic on other languages">Influence on other languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Ancient South Arabian script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabic_numerals" title="Eastern Arabic numerals">Eastern numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">Diacritics</a> <ul><li><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics#I‘jām_(phonetic_distinctions_of_consonants)" title="Arabic diacritics">i‘jām</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics#Tashkil_(marks_used_as_phonetic_guides)" title="Arabic diacritics">Tashkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics#Harakat_(short_vowel_marks)" title="Arabic diacritics">Harakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunation" title="Nunation">Nunation</a> (tanwin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddah" title="Shaddah">Shaddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza" title="Hamza">Hamza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagger_alif" title="Dagger alif">Dagger alif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet">Maltese alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleph#Arabic_ʼAlif" title="Aleph"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʾAlif</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)#Arabic_bāʾ" title="Bet (letter)"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Bāʾ</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taw#Arabic_tāʾ" title="Taw"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Tāʾ</i></span></a></li> <li><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%AE%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Ṯāʾ">Ṯāʾ</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimel#Arabic_ǧīm" title="Gimel"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ǧīm</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heth#Arabic_ḥāʾ" title="Heth"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ḥāʾ</i></span></a></li> <li><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AA%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Ḫāʾ">Ḫāʾ</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalet#Arabic_dāl" title="Dalet"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Dāl</i></span></a></li> <li><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8E%C4%81l" title="Ḏāl">Ḏāl</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resh#Arabic_rāʼ" title="Resh"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Rāʾ</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Zāy</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)#Arabic_sīn" title="Shin (letter)"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sīn</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)#Arabic_shīn" title="Shin (letter)"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Šīn</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsade#Arabic_Ṣād" title="Tsade"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ṣād</i></span></a></li> <li><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8C%C4%81d" title="Ḍād">Ḍād</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teth#Arabic_Ṭāʾ" title="Teth"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ṭāʾ</i></span></a></li> <li><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%92%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Ẓāʾ">Ẓāʾ</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayin#Arabic_ʿAyn" title="Ayin"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿAyn</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghayn" title="Ghayn"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ġayn</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Fāʾ</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoph#Arabic_qāf" title="Qoph"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Qāf</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaph#Arabic_kāf" title="Kaph"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kāf</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamedh#Arabic_lām" title="Lamedh"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Lām</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mem#Arabic_mīm" title="Mem"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mīm</i></span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Arabic_nūn"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Nūn</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)#Arabic_hāʾ" title="He (letter)"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hāʾ</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)#Arabic_wāw" title="Waw (letter)"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Wāw</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yodh#Arabic_yāʾ" title="Yodh"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yāʾ</i></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">Varieties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Arabic_language" title="Proto-Arabic language">Proto-Arabic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Arabic" title="Nabataean Arabic">Nabataean Arabic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Arabic" title="Old Arabic">Old Arabic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Hijazi_Arabic" title="Old Hijazi Arabic">Old Hijazi Arabic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pre-classical_Arabic" title="Pre-classical Arabic">Pre-classical Arabic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern<br />spoken</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic" title="Maghrebi Arabic">Maghrebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Hilalian_Arabic_dialects" title="Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects">Pre-Hilalian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_Arabic" title="Andalusi Arabic">Andalusi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siculo-Arabic" title="Siculo-Arabic">Sicilian</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltralian" title="Maltralian">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonera_dialect" title="Cottonera dialect">Cottenera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozitan_dialects" title="Gozitan dialects">Gozitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qormi_dialect" title="Qormi dialect">Qormi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBejtun_dialect" title="Żejtun dialect">Żejtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurrieq_dialect" title="Zurrieq dialect">Żurrieqi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Hilalian_Urban_Arabic_dialects" title="Pre-Hilalian Urban Arabic dialects">Urban</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic#Tunis" title="Tunisian Arabic">Tunis</a> (North-Eastern Tunisian)</li></ul></li> <li>Village <ul><li>Eastern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic#Sahil" title="Tunisian Arabic">Sahili</a> (Sahel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic#Sfax" title="Tunisian Arabic">Sfaxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jijel_Arabic" title="Jijel Arabic">Jijel</a> (Lesser Kabylia)</li></ul></li> <li>Western <ul><li>Traras-Msirda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebli_Arabic" title="Jebli Arabic">Jebli</a> (Mountain)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Judeo-Maghrebi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judeo-Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judeo-Tunisian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hilalian_dialects" title="Hilalian dialects">Hilalian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Central Hilal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Arabic" title="Algerian Arabic">Algerian koiné</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Algerian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Algerian Arabic">Judeo-Algerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Saharan_Arabic" title="Algerian Saharan Arabic">Algerian Saharan</a></li> <li>Eastern Algerian</li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Hilal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian koiné</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maqil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fessi_dialect" title="Fessi dialect">Fessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassaniya_Arabic" title="Hassaniya Arabic">Hassaniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemadi_dialect" title="Nemadi dialect">Nemadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Arabic" title="Moroccan Arabic">Moroccan koiné</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Morocco_Arabic" title="Eastern Morocco Arabic">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Morocco_Arabic" title="Western Morocco Arabic">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Algerian_Arabic" title="Western Algerian Arabic">Western Algerian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sulaym <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arabic" title="Libyan Arabic">Libyan koiné</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Egyptian_Bedawi_Arabic" title="Western Egyptian Bedawi Arabic">Western Egyptian Bedawi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nile Valley</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%CA%BDidi_Arabic" title="Saʽidi Arabic">Saʽidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Arabic" title="Sudanese Arabic">Sudanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Levantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Levantine_Arabic" title="North Levantine Arabic">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cilician_Arabic" title="Cilician Arabic">Cilician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arabic" title="Syrian Arabic">Syrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Arabic" title="Aleppo Arabic">Aleppine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Arabic" title="Damascus Arabic">Damascene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Levantine_Arabic" title="South Levantine Arabic">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arabic" title="Jordanian Arabic">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Mesopotamian Arabic">Mesopotamian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilit_Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic">Gilit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdadi_Arabic" title="Baghdadi Arabic">Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzestani_Arabic" title="Khuzestani Arabic">Khuzestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawi_Arabic" title="Shawi Arabic">Shawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="South Mesopotamian Arabic">South</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="North Mesopotamian Arabic">North</a> (Qeltu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Arabic" title="Anatolian Arabic">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Arabic" title="Cypriot Arabic">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Judeo-Iraqi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Arabic" title="Peninsular Arabic">Peninsular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrani_Arabic" title="Bahrani Arabic">Bahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareqi_Arabic" title="Bareqi Arabic">Bareqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Arabian_Arabic" title="Northwest Arabian Arabic">Bedawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofari_Arabic" title="Dhofari Arabic">Dhofari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Arabic" title="Gulf Arabic">Gulf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Gulf_Arabic" title="Bahraini Gulf Arabic">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Arabic" title="Emirati Arabic">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Arabic" title="Kuwaiti Arabic">Kuwaiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdi_Arabic" title="Najdi Arabic">Najdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Arabic" title="Omani Arabic">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihhi_Arabic" title="Shihhi Arabic">Shihhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yemeni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadhrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San%CA%BDani_Arabic" title="Sanʽani Arabic">Sanʽani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BDizzi-Adeni_Arabic" title="Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic">Taʽizzi-Adeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tihamiyya_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihamiyya Arabic">Tihami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judeo-Yemeni</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Arabic" title="Central Asian Arabic">Central Asian</a> <ul><li>Bakhtiari</li> <li>Bukhara</li> <li>Kashkadarya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Arabic" title="Khorasani Arabic">Khorasani</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shirvani_Arabic" title="Shirvani Arabic">Shirvani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Chadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Arabic">Nigerian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sociolinguistics" title="Sociolinguistics">Sociological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin_Arabic" title="Bedouin Arabic">Bedouin Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic" title="Judeo-Arabic">Judeo-Arabic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Algerian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Algerian Arabic">Judeo-Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Egyptian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Egyptian Arabic">Judeo-Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Judeo-Iraqi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judeo-Moroccan</a> <ul><li>Kjal</li> <li>Wqal</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judeo-Tunisian</a> <ul><li>Tunisene</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judeo-Yemeni</a> <ul><li>Adeni</li> <li>Beda</li> <li>Habban</li> <li>Sanʽani</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabic-based_creole_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic-based creole languages">Creoles</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin Arabic">pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bimbashi_Arabic" title="Bimbashi Arabic">Bimbashi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Pidgin_Arabic" title="Gulf Pidgin Arabic">Gulf Pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Bengali_Pidgin_Arabic" title="Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic">Jordanian Bengali Pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juba_Arabic" title="Juba Arabic">Juba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maridi_Arabic" title="Maridi Arabic">Maridi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubi_language" title="Nubi language">Nubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_madam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin madam">Pidgin madam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turku_Arabic" title="Turku Arabic">Turku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongor_Arabic" title="Bongor Arabic">Bongor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linguistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_phonology" title="Arabic phonology">Phonology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_and_moon_letters" title="Sun and moon letters">Sun and moon letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajwid" title="Tajwid">Tajwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Im%C4%81la" title="Imāla">Imāla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BEI%CA%BFrab" title="ʾIʿrab"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʾIʿrāb</i></span> (case)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_grammar" title="Arabic grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">Triliteral root</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mater_lectionis" title="Mater lectionis">Mater lectionis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_Arabic_Corpus" title="Quranic Arabic Corpus">Quranic Arabic Corpus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a><br />· <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Script</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwani" title="Diwani">Diwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijazi_script" title="Hijazi script">Hijazi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeli_Thuluth" title="Jeli Thuluth">Jeli Thuluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kairouani_calligraphy" title="Kairouani calligraphy">Kairouani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">Kufic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_script" title="Maghrebi script">Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashq" title="Mashq">Mashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaqqaq" title="Muhaqqaq">Muhaqqaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naskh_(script)" title="Naskh (script)">Naskh (script)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasm" title="Rasm">Rasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruq%CA%BFah_script" title="Ruqʿah script">Ruqʿah script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sini_(script)" title="Sini (script)">Sini (script)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliq_script" title="Taliq script">Taliq script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawqi" title="Tawqi">Tawqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuluth" title="Thuluth">Thuluth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_keyboard" title="Arabic keyboard">Arabic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script_in_Unicode" title="Arabic script in Unicode">Arabic script in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">ISO/IEC 8859-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">Windows-1256</a></li> <li>MS-DOS codepages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_708" title="Code page 708">708</a></li> <li>709</li> <li>710</li> <li>711</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_720" title="Code page 720">720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">MacArabic encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Islam and Arabic language</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_language" title="Category:Arabic language">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Northwest_Semitic_abjad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northwest_Semitic_abjad" title="Template:Northwest Semitic abjad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northwest_Semitic_abjad" title="Template talk:Northwest Semitic abjad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northwest_Semitic_abjad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northwest Semitic abjad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Northwest_Semitic_abjad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Northwest Semitic abjad</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 125%;"> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">ʾ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">b</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">g</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">d</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">h</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">w</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">z</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">ḥ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">ṭ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">y</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">k</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">l</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">m</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">n</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">s</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">ʿ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">p</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">ṣ</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">q</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">r</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">š</a></i></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">t</a></i></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>20</td> <td>30</td> <td>40</td> <td>50</td> <td>60</td> <td>70</td> <td>80</td> <td>90</td> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>300</td> <td>400 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet#Semitic_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Inscriptions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&oldid=1253632282#Arabic_nūn">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nun_(letter)&oldid=1253632282#Arabic_nūn</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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