CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Unsur golongan utama - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )idwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Maret","April","Mei","Juni","Juli","Agustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"b412cb87-0ef1-424d-bdb4-5ebf75048197","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Unsur_golongan_utama","wgTitle":"Unsur golongan utama","wgCurRevisionId":24633032,"wgRevisionId":24633032,"wgArticleId":2460613,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Use dmy dates from July 2012","Golongan tabel periodik","Tabel periodik"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"id","wgPageContentLanguage":"id","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Unsur_golongan_utama","wgRelevantArticleId":2460613,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{ "accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"id","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"id"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q428830","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Bagikan","ext.gadget.CurIDLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/1200px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="658"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/800px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="438"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/640px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="351"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Unsur golongan utama - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_golongan_utama"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (id)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_golongan_utama"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Umpan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Unsur_golongan_utama rootpage-Unsur_golongan_utama skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Unsur+golongan+utama" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Unsur+golongan+utama" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Unsur+golongan+utama" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Unsur+golongan+utama" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unsur golongan utama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 18 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="عنصر مجموعة رئيسي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عنصر مجموعة رئيسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_representatiu" title="Element representatiu – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Element representatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedgruppe" title="Hovedgruppe – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hovedgruppe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauptgruppe" title="Hauptgruppe – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptgruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-group_element" title="Main-group element – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Main-group element" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_representativo" title="Elemento representativo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elemento representativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4ryhm%C3%A4_(kemia)" title="Pääryhmä (kemia) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pääryhmä (kemia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_principal" title="Groupe principal – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe principal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%91csoport" title="Főcsoport – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Főcsoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B8%E5%9E%8B%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="典型元素 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="典型元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%98%95_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="전형 원소 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전형 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Главна група на елементи – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главна група на елементи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6%C3%B6ftgrupp" title="Hööftgrupp – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hööftgrupp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofdgroepelement" title="Hoofdgroepelement – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdgroepelement" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico_representativo" title="Elemento químico representativo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elemento químico representativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="ธาตุหมู่หลัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธาตุหมู่หลัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Елементи основної групи – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Елементи основної групи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="主族元素 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主族元素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q428830#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_utama" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Unsur_golongan_utama" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_utama"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_utama"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Unsur_golongan_utama" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Unsur_golongan_utama" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&oldid=24633032" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Unsur_golongan_utama&id=24633032&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnsur_golongan_utama"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnsur_golongan_utama"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Unsur+golongan+utama"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q428830" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Periodic_table_(polyatomic).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/450px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/675px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg/900px-Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a> unsur kimia. Kolom mewakili golongan. Golongan 1, 2 dan 13 sampai 18 adalah golongan utama. Kadang-kadang golongan 3 dan 12, serta lantanida dan aktinida (dua baris di bagian bawah), juga termasuk dalam golongan utama.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a> atom, <b>golongan utama</b> adalah golongan unsur yang anggota paling ringannya diwakili oleh <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">berilium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> seperti yang diatur dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a> unsur kimia. Golongan utama mencakup unsur-unsur (kecuali <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, yang kadang-kadang tidak termasuk) pada <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">golongan 1</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blok_tabel_periodik" title="Blok tabel periodik">blok-s</a>), dan <a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">golongan 13</a> sampai <a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blok_tabel_periodik" title="Blok tabel periodik">blok-p</a>). Unsur blok-s terutama dicirikan oleh satu keadaan oksidasi utama, dan unsur blok-p, bila memiliki banyak keadaan oksidasi, sering kali memiliki keadaan oksidasi umum yang dipisahkan oleh dua satuan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">Unsur golongan 12</a> sering dianggap sebagai logam transisi; namun, <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a> (Zn), <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a> (Cd), dan <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">raksa</a> (Hg) berbagi beberapa sifat dari dua golongan, dan banyak ilmuwan percaya bahwa mereka harus disertakan dalam golongan utama.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kadang-kadang, bahkan <a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">unsur-unsur golongan 3</a> serta <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">lantanida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">aktinida</a> juga disertakan, karena terutama unsur golongan 3 dan lantanida adalah unsur elektropositif dengan hanya satu keadaan oksidasi utama seperti unsur golongan 1 dan 2. Posisi aktinida lebih dipertanyakan, tetapi anggotanya yang paling umum dan stabil, <a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">torium</a> (Th) dan <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> (U), serupa dengan unsur golongan utama karena torium adalah unsur elektropositif dengan hanya satu keadaan oksidasi utama (+4), dan uranium memiliki dua keadaan oksidasi utama yang dipisahkan oleh dua satuan oksidasi (+4 dan +6).<sup id="cite_ref-King_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam tata nama yang lebih tua, unsur golongan utama adalah golongan IA dan IIA, dan golongan IIIB menjadi 0 (golongan CAS IIIA sampai VIIIA). Golongan 12 diberi label sebagai golongan IIB di kedua sistem. Golongan 3 diberi label sebagai golongan IIIA dalam tata nama yang lebih tua (golongan CAS IIIB). </p><p>Unsur golongan utama (dengan beberapa logam transisi yang lebih ringan) adalah unsur paling banyak di <a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">Bumi</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a>, dan di <a href="/wiki/Alam_Semesta" class="mw-redirect" title="Alam Semesta">Alam Semesta</a>. Terkadang mereka juga disebut <b>unsur perwakilan</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/connelly_310804.html">"Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry"</a>. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pub=International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.iupac.org%2Freports%2Fprovisional%2Fabstract04%2Fconnelly_310804.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AUnsur+golongan+utama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jensen, William B. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uv.es/~borrasj/ingenieria_web/temas/tema_1/lecturas_comp/p952.pdf">"The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>80</b> (8): 952. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JChEd..80..952J">2003JChEd..80..952J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed080p952">10.1021/ed080p952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+Place+of+Zinc%2C+Cadmium%2C+and+Mercury+in+the+Periodic+Table&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=952&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed080p952&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003JChEd..80..952J&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uv.es%2F~borrasj%2Fingenieria_web%2Ftemas%2Ftema_1%2Flecturas_comp%2Fp952.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AUnsur+golongan+utama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-King_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">King, R. Bruce (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist0000king"><i>Inorganic Chemistry of Main Group Elements</i></a>. Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-471-18602-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-471-18602-3">0-471-18602-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry+of+Main+Group+Elements&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-471-18602-3&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=R.+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finorganicchemist0000king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AUnsur+golongan+utama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ralf Steudel, "Chemie der Nichtmetalle" (Chemistry of the nonmetals), 2nd Edition. Walter deGruyter, Berlin 1998. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-012322-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-012322-3">3-11-012322-3</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tabel_periodik" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_tabel_periodik" title="Templat:Navbox tabel periodik"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Navbox_tabel_periodik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Navbox tabel periodik (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Navbox_tabel_periodik&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tabel_periodik" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bentuk<br />tabel<br />periodik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik#Ikhtisar" title="Tabel periodik">18-kolom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)#Tata_letak_18-kolom" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">18-kolom, sel besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)#Tata_letak_32-kolom" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">32-kolom, sel besar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatif</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_alternatif" title="Tabel periodik alternatif">Alternatif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_antariksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia antariksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia antariksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_alternatif#Tabel_periodik_kidal_(Janet,_1928)" title="Tabel periodik alternatif">Tabel kidal Janet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perluasan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_perluasan" title="Tabel periodik perluasan">Perluasan setelah periode ke-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_Fricke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model Fricke (halaman belum tersedia)">Model Fricke</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabel_periodik_perluasan_(versi_besar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabel periodik perluasan (versi besar) (halaman belum tersedia)">sel besar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_perluasan" title="Tabel periodik perluasan">Model Pyykkö</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nama_untuk_kelompok_unsur_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nama untuk kelompok unsur kimia">Kelompok<br />unsur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berdasarkan<br />struktur<br />tabel<br />periodik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_tabel_periodik" title="Golongan tabel periodik">Golongan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1 (Logam alkali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2 (Logam alkali tanah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15 (Pniktogen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16 (Kalkogen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17 (Halogen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18 (Gas mulia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Periode_tabel_periodik" title="Periode tabel periodik">Periode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_perluasan" title="Tabel periodik perluasan">8+</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Extended_periodic_table_(by_Aufbau,_50_columns,_period_8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Extended periodic table (by Aufbau, 50 columns, period 8) (halaman belum tersedia)">Aufbau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Extended_periodic_table_(by_Fricke,_52_columns,_periods_8%E2%80%939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Extended periodic table (by Fricke, 52 columns, periods 8–9) (halaman belum tersedia)">Fricke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Extended_periodic_table_(by_Pyykk%C3%B6,_50_columns,_periods_8%E2%80%939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Extended periodic table (by Pyykkö, 50 columns, periods 8–9) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pyykkö</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blok_tabel_periodik" title="Blok tabel periodik">Blok</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blok-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-s">Blok-s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-p">Blok-p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">Blok-d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok-f" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-f">Blok-f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok-g" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-g">Blok-g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinsip_Aufbau" title="Prinsip Aufbau">Prinsip Aufbau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berdasarkan<br /><a href="/wiki/Sifat-sifat_logam,_metaloid_dan_nonlogam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sifat-sifat logam, metaloid dan nonlogam">kelogaman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">Logam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_perluasan#Superaktinida" title="Tabel periodik perluasan">Superaktinida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_perluasan#Unsur_di_atas_172" title="Tabel periodik perluasan">Eka-superaktinida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_pasca_transisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Logam pasca transisi">Logam pasca transisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_metaloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar metaloid (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar metaloid berdasarkan sumbernya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batas_antara_logam_dan_nonlogam" title="Batas antara logam dan nonlogam">Garis batas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam" title="Nonlogam">Nonlogam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kelompok<br />lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_(unsur_nutrisi)" title="Templat:Tabel periodik (unsur nutrisi)">Unsur nutrisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golongan_platina" title="Golongan platina">Logam golongan platina</a> (<i>Platinum Group Metals</i>, PGM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_tanah_jarang" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsur tanah jarang">Unsur tanah jarang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Logam_refraktori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logam refraktori (halaman belum tersedia)">Logam refraktori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_berharga" title="Logam berharga">Logam berharga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_koin" title="Logam koin">Logam koin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_mulia" title="Logam mulia">Logam mulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_berat" title="Logam berat">Logam berat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logam_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Logam alami">Logam alami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_transuranium" title="Unsur transuranium">Unsur transuranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_transaktinida" title="Unsur transaktinida">Unsur transaktinida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktinida_mayor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktinida mayor (halaman belum tersedia)">Aktinida mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktinida_minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktinida minor (halaman belum tersedia)">Aktinida minor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">Unsur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_unsur_kimia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Daftar unsur kimia">Senarai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Berdasarkan: <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_unsur_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan unsur kimia">Kelimpahan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Komposisi_tubuh_manusia" title="Komposisi tubuh manusia">dalam tubuh manusia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_unsur_berdasarkan_sifat_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar unsur berdasarkan sifat atom (halaman belum tersedia)">Sifat atom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_unsur_berdasarkan_stabilitas_isotop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar unsur berdasarkan stabilitas isotop (halaman belum tersedia)">Stabilitas inti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_produksi_unsur_kimia_dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar produksi unsur kimia dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Produksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbol_(kimia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbol (kimia)">Simbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia#Sifat" title="Unsur kimia">Sifat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_(berat_atom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Tabel periodik (berat atom) (halaman belum tersedia)">Berat atom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabel_periodik_(struktur_kristal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabel periodik (struktur kristal) (halaman belum tersedia)">Struktur kristal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_(afinitas_elektron)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Tabel periodik (afinitas elektron) (halaman belum tersedia)">Afinitas elektron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(konfigurasi_elektron)" title="Tabel periodik (konfigurasi elektron)">Konfigurasi elektron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_(elektronegativitas_berdasarkan_skala_Allen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Tabel periodik (elektronegativitas berdasarkan skala Allen) (halaman belum tersedia)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_(elektronegativitas_berdasarkan_skala_Pauling)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Tabel periodik (elektronegativitas berdasarkan skala Pauling) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pauling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_Goldschmidt" title="Klasifikasi Goldschmidt">Klasifikasi Goldschmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_(valensi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Tabel periodik (valensi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Valensi maksimum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halaman<br />data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelimpahan_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelimpahan unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelimpahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_atom_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jari-jari atom unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jari-jari atom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_didih_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik didih unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Titik didih</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_kritis_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik kritis unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Titik kritis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massa_jenis_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massa jenis unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Massa jenis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifat_elastis_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sifat elastis unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Elastisitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resistivitas_listrik_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resistivitas listrik unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Resistivitas listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afinitas_elektron_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afinitas elektron (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Afinitas elektron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konfigurasi_elektron_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konfigurasi elektron unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Konfigurasi elektron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronegativitas_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektronegativitas unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Elektronegativitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekerasan_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekerasan unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekerasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapasitas_panas_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapasitas panas unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kapasitas panas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panas_fusi_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panas fusi unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Panas fusi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panas_penguapan_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panas penguapan unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Panas penguapan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_ionisasi_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi ionisasi unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Energi ionisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_lebur_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik lebur unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Titik lebur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_tingkat_oksidasi_unsur_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar tingkat oksidasi unsur kimia">Tingkat oksidasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laju_suara_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laju suara unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Laju suara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konduktivitas_termal_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konduktivitas termal unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Konduktivitas termal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koefisien_ekspansi_termal_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koefisien ekspansi termal unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Koefisien ekspansi termal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_uap_unsur_kimia_(halaman_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan uap unsur kimia (halaman data) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekanan uap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_tabel_periodik" title="Sejarah tabel periodik">Sejarah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan unsur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unsur-unsur_prediksi_Mendeleev" title="Unsur-unsur prediksi Mendeleev">Prediksi Mendeleev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penamaan_unsur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penamaan unsur (halaman belum tersedia)">Penamaan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_etimologi_nama_unsur_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar etimologi nama unsur kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Etimologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kontroversi_penamaan_unsur_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kontroversi penamaan unsur kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontroversi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_tempat_yang_digunakan_dalam_nama_unsur_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar tempat yang digunakan dalam nama unsur kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">tempat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ilmuwan_yang_namanya_digunakan_dalam_unsur_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ilmuwan yang namanya digunakan dalam unsur kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">ilmuwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia_dalam_bahasa_di_Asia_Timur" title="Unsur kimia dalam bahasa di Asia Timur">di Asia Timur</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lihat juga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tata_nama_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tata nama kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">nomenklatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nama_unsur_sistematik" title="Nama unsur sistematik">Nama unsur sistematik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nama_trivial" title="Nama trivial">Nama trivial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buku:Tabel_periodik" title="Buku:Tabel periodik">Buku</a></b></li> <li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tabel_periodik" title="Kategori:Tabel periodik">Kategori</a></b></li> <li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal kimia</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&oldid=24633032">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&oldid=24633032</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Golongan_tabel_periodik" title="Kategori:Golongan tabel periodik">Golongan tabel periodik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tabel_periodik" title="Kategori:Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2012" title="Kategori:Use dmy dates from July 2012">Use dmy dates from July 2012</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 24 Oktober 2023, pukul 00.48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Ketentuan Penggunaan</a> untuk rincian lebih lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Kebijakan privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tentang">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penyangkalan_umum">Penyangkalan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kode Etik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pengembang</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/id.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Pernyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsur_golongan_utama&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Tampilan seluler</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-r77vd","wgBackendResponseTime":120,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.275","walltime":"0.442","ppvisitednodes":{"value":586,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":63773,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":385,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":10341,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 275.072 1 -total"," 55.67% 153.140 6 Templat:Navbox"," 51.58% 141.882 1 Templat:Navbox_tabel_periodik"," 30.52% 83.942 1 Templat:Reflist"," 17.29% 47.553 1 Templat:Cite_web"," 14.64% 40.262 1 Templat:Use_dmy_dates"," 4.68% 12.871 3 Templat:Icon"," 4.07% 11.199 1 Templat:DMCA"," 3.40% 9.342 1 Templat:Dated_maintenance_category"," 3.02% 8.314 1 Templat:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.143","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2576550,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-f6c7df9b8-mghfd","timestamp":"20241103172823","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Unsur golongan utama","url":"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unsur_golongan_utama","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q428830","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q428830","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Kontributor dari proyek Wikimedia."},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2017-09-30T04:31:21Z","dateModified":"2023-10-24T00:48:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/98\/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg","headline":"Kelompok golongan dalam tabel periodik"}</script> </body> </html>