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Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" > 10 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علاقات السعودية الخارجية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علاقات السعودية الخارجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Външна политика на Саудитска Арабия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Външна политика на Саудитска Арабия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au%C3%9Fenpolitik_Saudi-Arabiens" title="Außenpolitik Saudi-Arabiens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Außenpolitik Saudi-Arabiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arabie_saoudite" title="Politique étrangère de l'Arabie saoudite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique étrangère de l'Arabie saoudite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubungan_luar_negeri_Arab_Saudi" title="Hubungan luar negeri Arab Saudi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubungan luar negeri Arab Saudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A5_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יחסי החוץ של ערב הסעודית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחסי החוץ של ערב הסעודית" data-language-autonym="עברית" 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class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Politics of Saudi Arabia">Politics of Saudi Arabia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/135px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/203px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/270px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="567" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a> <hr /></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Basic Law of Saudi Arabia">Basic Law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King</a> and <a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_crown_prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy crown prince">Deputy crown prince</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacant">Vacant</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance_Council" title="Allegiance Council">Allegiance Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Saudi_Arabian_throne" title="Succession to the Saudi Arabian throne">Succession</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia">Consultative Assembly</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President: <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_Al_ash-Sheikh" title="Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh">Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="National Security Council (Saudi Arabia)">National Security Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Legal system of Saudi Arabia">Legal system</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:left;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">The Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">The Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Judiciary of Saudi Arabia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Women's rights in Saudi Arabia">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)">Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Recent <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Elections in Saudi Arabia">elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Municipal: <a href="/wiki/2005_Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections" title="2005 Saudi Arabian municipal elections">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections" title="2011 Saudi Arabian municipal elections">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections" title="2015 Saudi Arabian municipal elections">2015</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Saudi Arabia">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Saudi Arabia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of Saudi Arabia">Governorates</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister of Foreign Affairs: <a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud" title="Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud">Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_bin_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah">Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah</a></dd> <dd>Minister of State for Foreign Affairs: <a href="/wiki/Adel_al-Jubeir" title="Adel al-Jubeir">Adel al-Jubeir</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Saudi Arabia">in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_passport" title="Saudi passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Saudi_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Saudi citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Visa policy of Saudi Arabia">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Template:Politics of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Template talk:Politics of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia are the diplomatic and trade relations between <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and other countries around the world. The foreign policy of Saudi Arabia is focused on co-operation with the oil-exporting <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf States</a>, the unity of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World">Arab World</a>, Islamic solidarity, and support for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Affairs-1">[1]</a> In practice, the main concerns in recent years have been <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United States relations">relations with the US</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, the perceived threat from the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="History of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Islamic Republic of Iran</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Price_of_petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Price of petroleum">effect of oil pricing</a>. Saudi Arabia contributes large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Development_aid" title="Development aid">development aid</a> to Muslim countries. From 1986 to 2006, the country donated £49 billion in aid.<a href="#cite_note-Barton-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Although a member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>, Saudi Arabia is described as leading the "Pro-Western Camp" of Arab countries, aligned with the U.S. and composed of Egypt, Jordan, and Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia and the United States are close strategic allies and partners. However, the relationship witnessed certain decline during the last years of the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a>, but strengthened following the election of President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> who forged close ties with the Saudi royal family.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Noi-8">[8]</a> Sunni Islam is the main religion of Saudi.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online:_Saudi_Arabia-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept_Saudi_Arabia-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">China and Saudi Arabia</a> are major allies, with the relationship between the two countries growing significantly in recent decades.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> A majority of Saudi Arabians have expressed a favorable view of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> As a founding member of <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>, Saudi Arabia's long-term oil pricing policy has been to keep prices stable and moderate—high enough to earn large amounts of revenue, but not so high as to encourage alternative energy sources among oil importers, or jeopardise the economies of Western countries where many of its financial assets are located and which provide political and military support for the Saudi government.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept_Saudi_Arabia-10">[10]</a> The major exception to this occurred during the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> when Saudi Arabia, with the other Arab oil states, used an embargo on oil supplies to pressure the US to stop supporting <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Saudi Arabia is a founding member of several multinational organizations, including <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>, the United Nations, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>. It is also a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_World_League" title="Muslim World League">Muslim World League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Development_Bank" title="Islamic Development Bank">Islamic Development Bank</a>—all of which are headquartered in Saudi. The country plays a prominent role in the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, and in 2005 joined the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>. According to a <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> professor <a href="/wiki/James_L._Gelvin" title="James L. Gelvin">James L. Gelvin</a>, Saudi Arabia recently has become much more active in terms of foreign and security policy because of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>, the policies of the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> and the mid-2010s collapse of <a href="/wiki/Oil_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil price">oil prices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1939–1945) and during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1947–1991), Saudi Arabia maintained an anti-<a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a>, anti-secular <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab nationalist">Arab-nationalist</a> policy, often working with the leading <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> power, the United States. Following the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>, when Saudi Arabia and other Arab oil exporters embargoed the United States and its allies for their support of Israel, oil revenues increased dramatically, and the Kingdom worked to become the leading Islamic state, spending generously to advance Islam and particularly its conservative school (known as <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a>). Supporters see this as having purified and unified the Islamic faith; other commentators claim it has eroded regional Islamic cultures. (Examples of the acculturizing effect of Saudi aid can be seen among the <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Acehnese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, as well as among the people of the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wahhabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahhabi">Wahhabi</a> form of Islam is also perceived in the West as a source of <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> extremism.<a href="#cite_note-iags.org-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2885" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Fahd of Saudi Arabia">Fahd of Saudi Arabia</a> with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and real-estate tycoon and future President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in 1985</figcaption></figure> Saudi Arabia and its oil policy were significant factors in the proxy wars of the Cold War prior to the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">downfall of Soviet Communism</a> in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Saudi Arabia helped to finance not just the <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a> but also non-Muslim anti-communists. It also seriously harmed the Soviet Communist cause by stabilizing oil prices "throughout the 1980s, just when the Russians were desperate to sell energy in order to keep up with huge hikes in American military spending."<a href="#cite_note-nyrob-coldwar-26">[26]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Fahd of Saudi Arabia">King Fahd</a>'s stroke in 1995, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince</a>, assumed responsibility for foreign policy. A marked change in U.S.-Saudi relations occurred, as Abdullah sought to put distance between his policies and the unpopular pro-Western policies of King Fahd. Abdullah took a more independent line from the US and concentrated on improving regional relations, particularly with Iran. Several long-standing border disputes were resolved, including significantly reshaping the Saudi border with <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. The new approach resulted in increasingly strained relations with the US.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online:_Saudi_Arabia-9">[9]</a> Despite this, the U.S. and Saudi Arabia remained close. In 1998 Abdullah paid a state visit to Washington and met with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>. In 2003 Abdullah's new policy was reflected in the Saudi government's refusal to support or to participate in the U.S.-led <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">invasion of Iraq</a>. Some US critics[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] saw this as an attempt by the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_royal_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi royal family">Saudi royal family</a> to placate the kingdom's Islamist radicals. That same year Saudi and U.S. government officials agreed to <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="United States withdrawal from Saudi Arabia">the withdrawal of all U.S. military forces</a> from Saudi soil. After ascending the throne, King Abdullah (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 2005–2015) followed a more activist foreign policy and continued to push-back on US policies which were unpopular in Saudi Arabia (for example, refusing to provide material assistance to support the new Iraqi government).<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online:_Saudi_Arabia-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Policy-27">[27]</a> However, increasingly, in common with the US, fear and mistrust of Iran became a significant factor in Saudi policy. In 2010 <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">leaked diplomatic cableds</a> revealed that King Abdullah had urged the U.S. to attack Iran in order to "cut off the head of the snake".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Saudi Arabia has long since used its alliance with the United States as a counterbalance to Iran's influence in the Middle East, and Saudi Arabia and other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a> have looked to the United States for protection against Iran. Relations with the US and other Western countries became further strained by the fact that Saudi Arabia has been a source of Islamist terrorist activity world-wide. <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> and 15 out of the 19 <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> hijackers were Saudi nationals, though some[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">quantify</a>] officials argue that bin Laden planned this deliberately in an attempt to strain U.S.-Saudi relations,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> director <a href="/wiki/James_Woolsey" title="James Woolsey">James Woolsey</a> described Saudi Arabian <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> as "the soil in which <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and its sister terrorist organizations are flourishing".<a href="#cite_note-iags.org-24">[24]</a> Some[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] in the U.S. Government also believe that the royal family, through its long and close relations with Wahhabi clerics, had laid the groundwork for the growth of militant groups like al-Qaeda, and that after the attacks had done little to help track the militants or prevent future atrocities.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online:_Saudi_Arabia-9">[9]</a> As announced at the <a href="/wiki/2009_Arab_League_summit" title="2009 Arab League summit">2009 Arab League summit</a>, Saudi Arabia had intended to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Customs_Union" title="Arab Customs Union">Arab Customs Union</a> to be established in 2015 and in an Arab <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">common market</a> to be established by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept_Saudi_Arabia-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Following the wave of <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">early-2011 protests and revolutions</a> affecting the Arab world, Saudi Arabia offered asylum to deposed President <a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Zine El Abidine Ben Ali</a> of Tunisia, and King Abdullah telephoned President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> of Egypt (prior to Mubarak's deposition) to offer his support.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi military forces and their allies</a> became involved in <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">conflict in Yemen</a> (on Saudi Arabia's southern borders) from March 2015 onwards. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamist_exportation">Islamist exportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islamist exportation">edit</a>]</div> According to the FFGI at <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> is spread globally with organizations closely associated with the government of Saudi Arabia such as the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_World_League" title="Muslim World League">Muslim World League</a> (WML) and the <a href="/wiki/World_Assembly_of_Muslim_Youth" title="World Assembly of Muslim Youth">World Association of Muslim Youth</a> are actively participating.<a href="#cite_note-Biskup-2017-32">[32]</a> Between the mid-1970s and 2002, Saudi Arabia expended over $70 billion in "overseas development aid". However, there is evidence that the vast majority was, in fact, spent on <a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">propagating and extending the influence of Wahhabism at the expense of other forms of Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> According to the government-associated paper <a href="/wiki/Ain_al-Yaqeen" title="Ain al-Yaqeen">Ain Al-Yaqeen</a> article in 2002, <a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region">Saudi government-sponsored projects were active in non-Muslim countries in Europe, North and South America, Africa, Australia and Asia</a>. These encompassed 210 Islamic centers which were completely or partly funded by the Saudi kingdom, 1500 mosques, 202 colleges and almost 2000 schools. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">House of Saud</a> has inaugurated 1359 mosques in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Biskup-2017-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_relations">Other relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other relations">edit</a>]</div> In February 2019, Saudi Arabia's Crown prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a> defended <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a> for Muslims, saying "China has the right to carry out anti-terrorism and de-extermination work for its national security."<a href="#cite_note-xinjiang-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-camps-36">[36]</a> China has allegedly imprisoned up to 2 million <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Muslims</a> in concentration camps, where they are subject to abuse and torture.<a href="#cite_note-camps-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_relations">Diplomatic relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diplomatic relations">edit</a>]</div> List of countries which Saudi Arabia maintains diplomatic relations with: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Diplomatic_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/425px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="425" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Diplomatic_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/638px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Diplomatic_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/850px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="566" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th># </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>19 February 1926<a href="#cite_note-Facebook-2023-38">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>March 1926<a href="#cite_note-AmbaFrance-2023-39">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>20 May 1927<a href="#cite_note-The_Argus-2023-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>26 April 1929<a href="#cite_note-UPA-1986a-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>3 August 1929<a href="#cite_note-MFA-2023b-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>24 August 1929<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>9 June 1930<a href="#cite_note-UPA-1986b-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td>7 April 1931<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>10 February 1932<a href="#cite_note-mat13-47">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>5 May 1932<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>7 May 1936<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>4 February 1940<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td>9 April 1944<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>26 June 1944<a href="#cite_note-Syria-1947-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>6 September 1945<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>16 February 1946<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>15 August 1947<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>September 1947<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>12 August 1948<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>30 August 1948<a href="#cite_note-Islamo-Cristiano_-1982-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>25 May 1949<a href="#cite_note-LexisNexis-2006-60">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td>1 May 1950<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>12 September 1952<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>1952<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>10 April 1955<a href="#cite_note-National_Archives-1947-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>7 June 1955<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>10 February 1956<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td>June 1956<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>12 July 1956<a href="#cite_note-Dodis-2023-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td>14 October 1956<a href="#cite_note-Archive_Editions-1997a-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td>1956<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>1956<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td>21 June 1957<a href="#cite_note-Archive_Editions-1997b-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>10 September 1957<a href="#cite_note-wienerzeitung-2023-73">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>1 October 1957<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td>1957<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>1957<a href="#cite_note-regeringen.se-2023-76">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td>1 April 1960<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td>22 January 1961<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>8 May 1961<a href="#cite_note-regjeringen.no-1999-79">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> </td> <td>15 May 1961<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>21 August 1961<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>5 October 1961<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td>1961<a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Press_Agency-2023-83">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>1961<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>1 February 1962<a href="#cite_note-slaegtsbibliotek.dk-1963-85">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td>16 October 1962<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>48 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </td> <td>29 October 1962<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>1962<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td>August 1963<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>51 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td>6 October 1966<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>52 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td> <td>20 November 1966<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>53 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>23 December 1968<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>54 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>12 May 1969<a href="#cite_note-MEED-1969-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>6 June 1969<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>56 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>24 October 1969<a href="#cite_note-DFA_Philippines-2022-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </td> <td>22 March 1970<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>58 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td>29 September 1971<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>59 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td>12 October 1971<a href="#cite_note-Burdett-2004-98">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td>14 December 1971<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>26 June 1972<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>62 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </td> <td>1 July 1972<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>63 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td> <td>20 November 1972<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>8 May 1973<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>13 September 1973<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>66 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>15 January 1974<a href="#cite_note-NLA-1974-105">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>67 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> </td> <td>January 1974<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> </td> <td>30 March 1974<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>69 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a> </td> <td>9 May 1974<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>70 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td>5 July 1974<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>71 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> </td> <td>15 July 1974<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>72 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>21 August 1974<a href="#cite_note-MEES-1974-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>September 1974<a href="#cite_note-oireachtas-1975-112">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>74 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td>30 November 1974<a href="#cite_note-BBC_MS-1974-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>1974<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>76 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td> <td>1 September 1975<a href="#cite_note-Malta-Riyadh-2015-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>77 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td>17 November 1975<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>78 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td>15 August 1976<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>79 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>22 December 1976<a href="#cite_note-MEED-1976-118">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>80 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td>15 March 1977<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>81 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td>10 November 1977<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>82 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </td> <td>14 December 1977<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>83 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>10 December 1977<a href="#cite_note-SIP-1977-122">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>84 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> </td> <td>1 May 1978<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>85 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> </td> <td>3 August 1978<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>86 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> </td> <td>25 March 1980<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>87 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>18 June 1980<a href="#cite_note-SA_yearbook-1980-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>88 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td>17 March 1981<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td>15 January 1982<a href="#cite_note-Government_of_Iceland-2023-128">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> </td> <td>1983<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>91 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td>11 April 1984<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>92 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> </td> <td>1984<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>93 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> </td> <td>10 January 1985<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>94 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>19 March 1986<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td> <td>1 July 1987<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> </td> <td>1 January 1989<a href="#cite_note-Von_Glahn-1992-135">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>96 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td>29 May 1990<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>97 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>21 July 1990<a href="#cite_note-PRC_FA-2023-137">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>98 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td>20 February 1992<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>99 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td> <td>22 February 1992<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td>22 February 1992<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>101 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>24 February 1992<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>102 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td>17 April 1992<a href="#cite_note-MFA_Bosnia-2023-142">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>103 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td>19 October 1992<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>104 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>2 December 1992<a href="#cite_note-Albania_SA-2023-144">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>105 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>14 April 1993<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_SA-2023-145">[145]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>106 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td>2 October 1993<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>107 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td>30 April 1994<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>108 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>27 May 1994<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>109 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td>29 October 1994<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>110 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td>11 January 1995<a href="#cite_note-MFA_NoMacedonia-2011-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>111 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>13 March 1995<a href="#cite_note-MFA_Romania-2023-151">[151]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>112 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>20 March 1995<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>113 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>18 April 1995<a href="#cite_note-Hungaricana-1968-153">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>114 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>3 May 1995<a href="#cite_note-Poland_SA-2023-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>115 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td>7 June 1995<a href="#cite_note-Đogic-2023-155">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>116 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td>8 June 1995<a href="#cite_note-MVEP-2023-156">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>117 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td>16 June 1995<a href="#cite_note-MZV-2023-157">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>118 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td>1995<a href="#cite_note-Czech_Rep_SA-2023-158">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>119 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td>17 July 1996<a href="#cite_note-MFA_MD-2023-159">[159]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>120 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </td> <td>1996<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>121 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td>6 June 1997<a href="#cite_note-Belarus_UAE-2023-161">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>122 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>1 February 1999<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>123 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> </td> <td>24 February 1999<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>124 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td> <td>15 August 1999<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>125 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>21 October 1999<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>126 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>28 September 2000<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>127 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> </td> <td>28 September 2000<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>128 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>17 October 2000<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>129 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td>17 November 2000<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>130 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td>2000<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>131 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td>21 March 2003<a href="#cite_note-MFA_Estonia-2023-171">[171]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>132 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td>21 March 2003<a href="#cite_note-MFA_Latvia-2021-172">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>133 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td>25 August 2004<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>134 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td>31 October 2005<a href="#cite_note-MFA_Lithuania-2023-174">[174]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>135 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>30 March 2006<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>136 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td>12 February 2007<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>137 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td> <td>12 February 2007<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>138 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> </td> <td>1 March 2007<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>139 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> </td> <td>14 March 2007<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>140 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> </td> <td>17 December 2007<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>141 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </td> <td>26 December 2007<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>142 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> </td> <td>22 October 2008<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>143 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> </td> <td>23 January 2009<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>144 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>23 January 2009<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>145 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>27 February 2009<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>146 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> </td> <td>19 March 2009<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>147 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td>24 March 2009<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>148 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </td> <td>31 March 2009<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td>29 April 2009<a href="#cite_note-SA_Switzerland-2023-180">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>150 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>9 July 2009<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </td> <td>7 August 2009<a href="#cite_note-Kosovo_SA-2009-181">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>151 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td>19 October 2010<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>152 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>8 September 2011<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>153 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td> <td>16 September 2011<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>154 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </td> <td>12 October 2011<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>155 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> </td> <td>22 February 2012<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>156 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>24 July 2012<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>157 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>17 April 2013<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>158 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> </td> <td>3 December 2013<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>159 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </td> <td>17 July 2014<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>160 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>14 January 2015<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>161 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> </td> <td>29 January 2015<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>162 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> </td> <td>26 March 2015<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>163 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </td> <td>30 March 2015<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>164 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </td> <td>29 July 2015<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>165 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> </td> <td>4 August 2015<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>166 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>7 December 2015<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>167 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td> <td>29 September 2016<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>21 April 2017<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>169 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </td> <td>16 June 2017<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>170 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> </td> <td>29 March 2018<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>171 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td> <td>3 December 2020<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>172 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td> <td>14 December 2020<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>173 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td> <td>20 August 2021<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>174 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> </td> <td>8 August 2022<a href="#cite_note-Saudigazette-2022-186">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>175 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td> <td>24 September 2022<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>176 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> </td> <td>23 November 2022<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>177 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> </td> <td>23 November 2022<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>178 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td>2 March 2023<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> </td> <td>12 April 2023<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>179 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> </td> <td>7 June 2023<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>180 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td>11 October 2023<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>181 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a> </td> <td>7 November 2023<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>182 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> </td> <td>7 November 2023<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>183 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td>25 November 2023<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>184 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> </td> <td>19 December 2023<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>185 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> </td> <td>23 May 2024<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>186 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> </td> <td>5 September 2024<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>187 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </td> <td>18 September 2024<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>188 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>189 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilateral_relations">Bilateral relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bilateral relations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Algeria–Saudi Arabia relations">Algeria–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Algeria has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Central African Republic is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Central African Republic.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td> <td></td> <td>Cape Verde is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy. <ul><li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Cape Verde.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Chad has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>7 May 1936</td> <td><div style="float: right; width: 250px; margin: 0 0 0 0;"> <div class=""> <div style="width: 250px; height: 250px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 500px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_Trip_Abroad_globe_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="President Trump's Trip Abroad globe cropped.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/President_Trump%27s_Trip_Abroad_globe_cropped.jpg/500px-President_Trump%27s_Trip_Abroad_globe_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/President_Trump%27s_Trip_Abroad_globe_cropped.jpg/750px-President_Trump%27s_Trip_Abroad_globe_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/President_Trump%27s_Trip_Abroad_globe_cropped.jpg/1000px-President_Trump%27s_Trip_Abroad_globe_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="585" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> See <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Egypt–Saudi Arabia relations">Egypt–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Egypt has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td>25 May 1949</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1949 when Minister of Ethiopia to Saudi Arabia (Resident in Cairo) Mr. Taffassa Hapte Mikael presented his credentials.<a href="#cite_note-LexisNexis-2006-60">[60]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Ghana has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Guinea has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Guinea-Bissau is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, Algeria.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Guinea-Bissau.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td>12 May 1969</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Kenya–Saudi Arabia relations">Kenya–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1969 when Kenya's Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Japheth Kimanzi Ilako, has presented his credentials to King Faisal.<a href="#cite_note-MEED-1969-93">[93]</a> <ul><li>Kenya has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Libya–Saudi Arabia relations">Libya–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Libya has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Madagascar has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Malawi is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Malawi.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Mali has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Mauritius has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Mauritius.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Morocco–Saudi Arabia relations">Morocco–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Morocco has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Namibia is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Namibia.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Sierra Leone has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Sierra Leone.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations">Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>.</li> <li>Senegal has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–South Africa relations">Saudi Arabia–South Africa relations</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>.</li> <li>South Africa has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> whose consular areas also covers South Sudan.</li> <li>South Sudan has an embassy in Riyadh.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>14 October 1956</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Sudan relations">Saudi Arabia–Sudan relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1956 when Minister of the Republic of Sudan to Saudi Arabia, Sayyid Mahjoub Maccawi, presented his credentials to King Saud.<a href="#cite_note-Archive_Editions-1997a-69">[69]</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>.</li> <li>Sudan has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Tanzania relations">Saudi Arabia–Tanzania relations</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>.</li> <li>Tanzania has an embassy in Riyadh.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Tunisia relations">Saudi Arabia–Tunisia relations</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>.</li> <li>Tunisia has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a>.</li> <li>Zambia has an embassy in Riyadh</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a> whose consular areas also covers Zimbabwe.</li> <li>Zimbabwe has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> whose consular areas also covers Saudi Arabia.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Americas">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VI_Reuni%C3%B3n_de_la_Comisi%C3%B3n_Mixta_Argentino-Saudita_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_y_T%C3%A9cnica_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/VI_Reuni%C3%B3n_de_la_Comisi%C3%B3n_Mixta_Argentino-Saudita_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_y_T%C3%A9cnica_01.jpg/250px-VI_Reuni%C3%B3n_de_la_Comisi%C3%B3n_Mixta_Argentino-Saudita_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_y_T%C3%A9cnica_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/VI_Reuni%C3%B3n_de_la_Comisi%C3%B3n_Mixta_Argentino-Saudita_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_y_T%C3%A9cnica_01.jpg/375px-VI_Reuni%C3%B3n_de_la_Comisi%C3%B3n_Mixta_Argentino-Saudita_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_y_T%C3%A9cnica_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/VI_Reuni%C3%B3n_de_la_Comisi%C3%B3n_Mixta_Argentino-Saudita_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_y_T%C3%A9cnica_01.jpg/500px-VI_Reuni%C3%B3n_de_la_Comisi%C3%B3n_Mixta_Argentino-Saudita_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_y_T%C3%A9cnica_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Argentina has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Bolivia is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Bolivia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Brasilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg/250px-2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg/375px-2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg/500px-2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Brazil has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Canada–Saudi Arabia relations">Canada–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Canada has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Ottawa.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Canadians" title="Arab Canadians">Arab Canadians</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Chile has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> which also covers Saudi Arabia.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Colombia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> which also covers Saudi Arabia.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Colombia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Costa Rica has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> which also covers Saudi Arabia.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Costa Rica by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Cuba has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Ecuador is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Ecuador by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Brasilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>El Salvador is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in El Salvador by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Guatemala is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Guatemala by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Haiti has an embassy in Rome which also covers Saudi Arabia.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Haiti by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Honduras is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in Cairo.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Honduras by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Visita_de_Estado_al_Reino_de_Arabia_Saudita_-_24360234091.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Visita_de_Estado_al_Reino_de_Arabia_Saudita_-_24360234091.jpg/250px-Visita_de_Estado_al_Reino_de_Arabia_Saudita_-_24360234091.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Visita_de_Estado_al_Reino_de_Arabia_Saudita_-_24360234091.jpg/375px-Visita_de_Estado_al_Reino_de_Arabia_Saudita_-_24360234091.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Visita_de_Estado_al_Reino_de_Arabia_Saudita_-_24360234091.jpg/500px-Visita_de_Estado_al_Reino_de_Arabia_Saudita_-_24360234091.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Mexico–Saudi Arabia relations">Mexico–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Mexico has an embassy in Riyadh.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mexico" title="Islam in Mexico">Islam in Mexico</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Nicaragua has an embassy in Cairo which also covers Saudi Arabia.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Nicaragua by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Peru–Saudi Arabia relations">Peru–Saudi Arabia relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabia_Saudita_abrir%C3%A1_Embajada_en_el_Per%C3%BA_(9182727711).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arabia_Saudita_abrir%C3%A1_Embajada_en_el_Per%C3%BA_%289182727711%29.jpg/250px-Arabia_Saudita_abrir%C3%A1_Embajada_en_el_Per%C3%BA_%289182727711%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arabia_Saudita_abrir%C3%A1_Embajada_en_el_Per%C3%BA_%289182727711%29.jpg/375px-Arabia_Saudita_abrir%C3%A1_Embajada_en_el_Per%C3%BA_%289182727711%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arabia_Saudita_abrir%C3%A1_Embajada_en_el_Per%C3%BA_%289182727711%29.jpg/500px-Arabia_Saudita_abrir%C3%A1_Embajada_en_el_Per%C3%BA_%289182727711%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="2490" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Peru has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia-United States relations">Saudi Arabia-United States relations</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_lobby_in_the_United_States" title="Saudi Arabia lobby in the United States">Saudi Arabia lobby in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_D._Roosevelt_with_King_Ibn_Saud_aboard_USS_Quincy_(CA-71),_14_February_1945_(USA-C-545).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_with_King_Ibn_Saud_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29%2C_14_February_1945_%28USA-C-545%29.jpg/250px-Franklin_D._Roosevelt_with_King_Ibn_Saud_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29%2C_14_February_1945_%28USA-C-545%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_with_King_Ibn_Saud_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29%2C_14_February_1945_%28USA-C-545%29.jpg/375px-Franklin_D._Roosevelt_with_King_Ibn_Saud_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29%2C_14_February_1945_%28USA-C-545%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_with_King_Ibn_Saud_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29%2C_14_February_1945_%28USA-C-545%29.jpg/500px-Franklin_D._Roosevelt_with_King_Ibn_Saud_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29%2C_14_February_1945_%28USA-C-545%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3017" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption>King Ibn Saud converses with President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> on board the <a href="/wiki/USS_Quincy_(CA-71)" title="USS Quincy (CA-71)">USS Quincy</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> in 1945.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saudi_Arabia_LA_Consulate-General_bldg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Saudi_Arabia_LA_Consulate-General_bldg.jpg/250px-Saudi_Arabia_LA_Consulate-General_bldg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Saudi_Arabia_LA_Consulate-General_bldg.jpg/375px-Saudi_Arabia_LA_Consulate-General_bldg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Saudi_Arabia_LA_Consulate-General_bldg.jpg/500px-Saudi_Arabia_LA_Consulate-General_bldg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A pro-<a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> demonstration in front of the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia Consulate General building</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Los_Angeles" title="West Los Angeles">West Los Angeles</a></figcaption></figure> United States recognized the government of King <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</a> in 1931. In the 1930s, oil exploration by <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> commenced. There was no US ambassador resident in Saudi Arabia until 1943, but as <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> progressed, the United States began to believe that Saudi oil was of strategic importance. King Ibn Saud met with the U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> on 14 February 1945 in a meeting which lasted three days.<a href="#cite_note-rudy9-192">[192]</a> The meeting took place on board the <a href="/wiki/USS_Quincy_(CA-71)" title="USS Quincy (CA-71)">USS Quincy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Great_Bitter_Lake" title="Great Bitter Lake">the Great Bitter Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">the Suez Canal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rudy9-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-susris-193">[193]</a> The meeting laid down the basis of the future relations between two countries.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> In 1951, under a mutual defence agreement, the U.S. established a permanent U.S. Military Training Mission in the kingdom and agreed to provide training support in the use of weapons and other security-related services to the Saudi armed forces. This agreement formed the basis of what grew into a longstanding security relationship. The United States is one of Saudi Arabia's largest trading partners and closest allies and has had full diplomatic relations since 1933 and they remain strong today. However, Saudi Arabia's relationship with the United States has been put under pressure since late 2013 following the United States backing down from its intervention in the Syrian Civil War and the United States thawing relations with Iran. The <a href="/wiki/International_child_abduction" title="International child abduction">international abduction</a> of American children to Saudi Arabia provoked sustained criticism and resulted in a Congressional hearing in 2002 where parents of children held in Saudi Arabia gave impassioned testimony related to the abduction of their children. Washington based <a href="/wiki/Insight_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insight (magazine)">Insight</a> magazine ran a series of articles on international abduction during the same period highlighting Saudi Arabia a number of times<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Relations between the U.S. and Saudi Arabia were strained after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">according to whom?</a>] when nineteen men affiliated with al-Qaeda, including 15 Saudi nationals, hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners, crashing two of the planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing 2,973. Saudi Arabia issued a statement on the day of the terrorist attacks on America's World Trade Center and Pentagon, calling them "regrettable and inhuman." Saudi recognition of the Taliban stopped and as of mid-November 2001, the Bush administration continued to publicly praise Saudi support for the war on terrorism. However, published media reports have indicated U.S. frustration with Saudi inaction. Although 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudi nationals, publicly the Saudis were not cooperating with Americans who wanted to look at background files of the hijackers or to interview the hijackers' families.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg/220px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg/330px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg/440px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> meets with King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah of Saudi Arabia</a>, Riyadh, 2012</figcaption></figure> In his first formal television interview as U.S. President, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> addressed the Muslim world through an Arabic-language satellite TV network <a href="/wiki/Al-Arabiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arabiya">Al-Arabiya</a>. He expressed interest and a commitment to repair relations that have continued to deteriorate under the previous administration.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> The American envoy to the region is former Sen. <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>. On 20 October 2010, U.S. State Department notified Congress of its intention to make the biggest arms sale in American history – an estimated $60.5 billion purchase by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The package represents a considerable improvement in the offensive capability of the Saudi armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> The U.S. was keen to point out that the arms transfer would increase "interoperability" with U.S. forces. In the 1990–1991 Gulf War, having U.S.-trained Saudi forces, along with military installations built to U.S. specifications, allowed the American armed forces to deploy in a comfortable and familiar battle environment. This new deal would increase these capabilities, as an advanced American military infrastructure is about to be built.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and consulates-general in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Los Angeles and New York City.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li>United States has an embassy in Riyadh and consulates-general in <a href="/wiki/Dhahran" title="Dhahran">Dhahran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="United States withdrawal from Saudi Arabia">United States withdrawal from Saudi Arabia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>.</li> <li>Uruguay has an embassy in Riyadh.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>.</li> <li>Venezuela has an embassy in Riyadh, as well as Jeddah.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>5 May 1932</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan-Saudi_Arabia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan-Saudi Arabia relations">Afghanistan-Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Afghanistan has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td>25 November 2023</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_Armen_Sarkissian_historic_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/President_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_Armen_Sarkissian_historic_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_07.jpg/250px-President_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_Armen_Sarkissian_historic_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/President_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_Armen_Sarkissian_historic_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_07.jpg/375px-President_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_Armen_Sarkissian_historic_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/President_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_Armen_Sarkissian_historic_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_07.jpg/500px-President_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_Armen_Sarkissian_historic_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Armenia–Saudi Arabia relations">Armenia–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Armenia is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, United Arab Emirates.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Armenia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilham_Aliyev_received_delegation_led_by_Minister_of_Investment_of_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ilham_Aliyev_received_delegation_led_by_Minister_of_Investment_of_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_01.jpg/250px-Ilham_Aliyev_received_delegation_led_by_Minister_of_Investment_of_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ilham_Aliyev_received_delegation_led_by_Minister_of_Investment_of_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_01.jpg/375px-Ilham_Aliyev_received_delegation_led_by_Minister_of_Investment_of_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ilham_Aliyev_received_delegation_led_by_Minister_of_Investment_of_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_01.jpg/500px-Ilham_Aliyev_received_delegation_led_by_Minister_of_Investment_of_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1618" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations">Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Azerbaijan has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Bahrain–Saudi Arabia relations">Bahrain–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Bahrain has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td>17 November 1975</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Bangladesh–Saudi Arabia relations">Bangladesh–Saudi Arabia relations</a> When Bengali nationalists began a war of liberation against the Pakistani state, Saudi Arabia supported Pakistan and opposed calls for the independence of Bangladesh. Saudi Arabia saw the Bengali nationalists as opposing a Muslim state and thus opposing Islam. Saudi Arabia provided extensive financial and political support to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> during the conflict. The pro-Soviet, secular and socialist policies of the regime of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>, the founding leader of Bangladesh, also antagonized the anti-Communist Saudis. Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh formally established diplomatic relations in 1975–76, after the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">killing of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> by pro-Islamic military officers. The military regimes of <a href="/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman" title="Ziaur Rahman">Ziaur Rahman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad" title="Hussain Muhammad Ershad">Hussain Muhammad Ershad</a> took steps to forge strong commercial and cultural ties with Saudi Arabia. Since the late 1970s, a large number of both skilled and unskilled Bangladeshi workers have moved to Saudi Arabia; the number of <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia">Bangladeshis living in Saudi Arabia today</a> exceeds 2.7 million. As one of the most populous Muslim countries, Bangladesh is a major source of <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> pilgrims. Saudi Arabia has become a major source of financing and economic aid to Bangladesh.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>21 July 1990</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">China–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/250px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/375px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/500px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></figcaption></figure> The People's Republic of China and Saudi Arabia established official diplomatic relations on 21 July 1990.<a href="#cite_note-PRC_FA-2023-137">[137]</a> Sino-Saudi diplomatic and economic relations grew closer in the 2000s. In January 2006, King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah</a> was the first ever Saudi head of State to visit China. His visit was reciprocated by Chinese President <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> in April of the same year. In February 2009, Hu visited Saudi Arabia a second time, to "exchange views on international and regional issues of common concern" with King Abdullah.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-205">[205]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Sichuan_earthquake" title="2008 Sichuan earthquake">2008 Sichuan earthquake</a>, Saudi Arabia was the largest aid donor to China, providing close to €40,000,000 in financial assistance, and an additional €8,000,000 worth of relief materials.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-205">[205]</a> In 2008, Sino-Saudi bilateral trade was worth €32,500,000,000,<a href="#cite_note-news.xinhuanet.com-206">[206]</a> making Saudi Arabia China's largest trading partner in Western Asia.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In the first quarter of 2010, Saudi oil export to China has reached over 1,000,000 barrels (160,000 m3), exceeding export to USA.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Saudi Arabia, have signed a joint letter to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a> defending China's treatment of <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> and other Muslim minority groups in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>1947 </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Salman_bin_Abdul_Aziz_of_Saudi_Arabia_meeting_the_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi,_in_Turkey_on_November_16,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/King_Salman_bin_Abdul_Aziz_of_Saudi_Arabia_meeting_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_Turkey_on_November_16%2C_2015.jpg/250px-King_Salman_bin_Abdul_Aziz_of_Saudi_Arabia_meeting_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_Turkey_on_November_16%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/King_Salman_bin_Abdul_Aziz_of_Saudi_Arabia_meeting_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_Turkey_on_November_16%2C_2015.jpg/375px-King_Salman_bin_Abdul_Aziz_of_Saudi_Arabia_meeting_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_Turkey_on_November_16%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/King_Salman_bin_Abdul_Aziz_of_Saudi_Arabia_meeting_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_Turkey_on_November_16%2C_2015.jpg/500px-King_Salman_bin_Abdul_Aziz_of_Saudi_Arabia_meeting_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_Turkey_on_November_16%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1303" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> See <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="India–Saudi Arabia relations">India–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Saudi Arabia is the one of largest suppliers of oil to India. India's booming construction industry and rising affluence has created greater demand for goods and services thereby boosting Indian industrial growth. Saudi Arabia has contributed aid to India after the <a href="/wiki/2001_Gujarat_earthquake" title="2001 Gujarat earthquake">2001 Gujarat earthquake</a>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>1 May 1950</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Indonesia–Saudi Arabia relations">Indonesia–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, while Indonesia has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah. Both countries are the member of <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> and <a href="/wiki/G-20_major_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20 major economies">G-20 major economies</a>. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia have long been close allies. Indonesia sent the largest <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a> pilgrims among Muslim countries. The balance of trade is heavily in favor of Saudi Arabia, because of its oil and gas exports to Indonesia. There are more than 600,000 <a href="/wiki/Indonesians_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Indonesians in Saudi Arabia">Indonesian workers in Saudi Arabia</a>. Migrant worker abuse and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia">death sentences</a> faced by Indonesian workers in Saudi Arabia are the main problems that have strained diplomatic relations between two countries. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>24 August 1929</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saudi-Iran_joint_statement_signing_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Saudi-Iran_joint_statement_signing_%282023%29.jpg/250px-Saudi-Iran_joint_statement_signing_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Saudi-Iran_joint_statement_signing_%282023%29.jpg/375px-Saudi-Iran_joint_statement_signing_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Saudi-Iran_joint_statement_signing_%282023%29.jpg/500px-Saudi-Iran_joint_statement_signing_%282023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> See <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></div> Saudi Arabia-Iran relations have been strained throughout history due to the differences between <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>. Although Saudi Arabia and Iran are Muslim majority nations, their relationship is fraught with tension, suspicion and hostility. Various attempts have been made to improve the relationship, though none have had lasting success. Both Saudi Arabia and Iran have aspirations for Islamic leadership and both the countries possess a different vision of regional order. Iran, which after the Islamic Revolution strictly followed an anti-US policy, always deemed Saudi Arabia as an agent of the US in the Persian Gulf region that speaks for US interests. Saudi Arabia's concerns about Iran on the other side are mainly associated with its plans of expanding influence to other parts of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> region, especially in post-Saddam Iraq, and the quest to build its own nuclear arsenal.<a href="#cite_note-rand-211">[211]</a> Differences in political ideologies and governance also divided both the countries. For Iran, it is said that there is no place for monarchical regimes in Islam, like the ones seen in Saudi Arabia and also in some other Arab countries. Energy difference is a third source of tension between Saudi Arabia and Iran. While Saudi Arabia, compared to Iran's smaller oil reserves and larger population, can afford to take a long-term view of the global oil market and has an incentive to moderate prices, Iran is compelled to focus on high prices in the short term.<a href="#cite_note-rand-211">[211]</a> Relations in the 2010s and 2020s were increasingly unstable due to the outbreak of crisis in Syria and Iraq in 2014 with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and Syria">Islamic State of Iraq and Syria</a>. Despite both countries' efforts to help contain the situation, the Iranian government has at times accused Saudi Arabia of supporting ISIS, which they had done up until the <a href="/wiki/June_2014_Northern_Iraq_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2014 Northern Iraq offensive">events of June 2014</a>. Relations dropped to an all-time low following the Saudi state's execution of 47 Shia Muslim protesters in January 2016. Iran and Saudi Arabia announced that they would resume relations in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-2023resume-212">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>7 April 1931</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iraq–Saudi Arabia relations">Iraq–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Postwar Saudi policy focused on ways to contain potential Iraqi threats to the kingdom and the region. One elements of Riyadh's containment policy included support for Iraqi opposition forces that advocated the overthrow of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s government. In the past, backing for such groups had been discreet, but in early 1992 the Saudi's invited several Iraqi opposition leaders to Riyadh to attend a well-publicised conference. To further demonstrate Saudi dissatisfaction with the regime in Baghdad, Crown <a href="/wiki/Prince_Abdallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Abdallah">Prince Abdallah</a> permitted the media to videotape his meeting with some of the opponents of Saddam Hussein. In 2019, Saudi Arabia opened a new consulate in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. Earlier in 2016, the Kingdom reopened its embassy in Baghdad after it was closed in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Israel–Saudi Arabia relations">Israel–Saudi Arabia relations</a> A charter member of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, Saudi Arabia has supported Palestinian rights to sovereignty, and called for withdrawal from the Occupied Territories since 1967. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has changed its viewpoint concerning the validity of negotiating with Israel. It calls for Israel's withdrawal from territory occupied in June 1967 in order to obtain peace with the Arab states; then-Crown Prince Abdullah extended a multilateral peace proposal based on withdrawal in 2002. At that time, Israel did not respond to the offer. In 2007 Saudi Arabia again officially supported a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Saudi Arabia rejected the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp David accords">Camp David accords</a>, claiming that they would be unable to achieve a comprehensive political solution that would ensure <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> Arabs could all move to Israel and the division of Jerusalem. In response to Egypt "betraying" the Arab States and signing peace with Israel, Saudi Arabia, along with all the Arab States, broke diplomatic relations with and suspended aid to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, the two countries renewed formal ties in 1987. Saudi Arabia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel. The country participates in an active <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_political_boycotts_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and political boycotts of Israel">economic boycott</a> of Israel. However, Saudi Arabia recognizes that its ally, the United States, has a strong and supportive relationship of Israel. Saudi Arabia played an active role in attempting to bring the Palestinians towards a self-governing condition which would permit negotiations with Israel. It has done so primarily by trying to mend the schism between Fatah and Hamas, most notably when King Abdullah invited the two factions to negotiations in Mecca resulting in the Mecca Agreement of 7 February 2007. The agreement soon failed, but Saudi Arabia has continued to support a national unity government for the Palestinians, and strongly opposed Israel's war on Gaza in early 2009. The Times has reported that Saudi Arabia has tested the ability to stand down their air defenses to allow an Israeli strike on Iran to pass through their airspace.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Both nations have denied this.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>7 June 1955</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20160901kaidan01_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/20160901kaidan01_2.jpg/250px-20160901kaidan01_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/20160901kaidan01_2.jpg/375px-20160901kaidan01_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/20160901kaidan01_2.jpg/500px-20160901kaidan01_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Japan–Saudi Arabia relations">Japan–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Japan is a major trading partner for Saudi Arabia. In 2006, Japan exported $5.103 million worth of goods to the Kingdom, primarily automobiles, machinery and equipment, and metals. In the same year, Saudi Arabia exported $33.624 million worth of goods to Japan, primarily crude oil and petroleum products. Japan imported 1.3 million barrels a day of Saudi crude in 2006, 31% of the nation's total supply.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td>12 August 1948</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Jordan-Saudi_Arabia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan-Saudi Arabia relations">Jordan-Saudi Arabia relations</a> Relations with Jordan became strained in the years following the Persian Gulf war. Relations were mended in 1996 when Prince Abdullah visited the country. The countries have since met and discussed international development and the Arab situation. Saudi Arabia is responsible for ending the <a href="/wiki/Hashemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite">Hashemite</a> dynasty's control over <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> through their conquests following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Jordan is currently ruled by a branch of the dynasty originally from Hejaz, and installed in Trans-Jordan by the British following the conquest of the region from the Ottomans. It is not entirely apparent how this influences their relationship. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td>5 October 1961</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Kuwait–Saudi Arabia relations">Kuwait–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Kuwait has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a>,</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td>9 April 1944</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Lebanon-Saudi_Arabia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon-Saudi Arabia relations">Lebanon-Saudi Arabia relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a> In 1989, Saudi Arabia along with the United States helped mediate the end of the fifteen-year <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Taif_Agreement" title="Taif Agreement">Taif Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-intneg97-218">[218]</a> Following the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Rafic_Hariri" title="Rafic Hariri">Rafik Hariri</a>, Saudi Arabia called for the immediate withdrawal of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Saudi Arabia has opposed <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>'s influence in Lebanon as they are seen to be aligned with Iran. On 4 November 2017 Lebanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Saad_Hariri" title="Saad Hariri">Saad Hariri</a> announced his resignation from Saudi Arabia, this action led to the <a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td> <td>17 March 1981</td> <td> <ul><li>Maldives has an embassy in Riyadh</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_%E2%80%93_Saudi_Arabia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysia – Saudi Arabia relations">Malaysia – Saudi Arabia relations</a> Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, and Malaysia has an embassy in Riyadh. Relations, both diplomatic and economic, are quite close between the two Muslim-majority <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> members. Additionally, there is a sizable population of Malaysian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></td> <td>14 December 1971</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Oman–Saudi Arabia relations">Oman–Saudi Arabia relations</a> There have been economic, social and political ties between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>September 1947</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations">Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are largely friendly. Pakistan has been called the closest non-Arab ally of Saudi Arabia, or "Saudi Arabia's closest Muslim ally"<a href="#cite_note-lacey-221">[221]</a> Saudi Arabia has been rocking the cradle of Pakistani politics, brokering truce among warring leaders, providing asylum to those being exiled and generously lavishing funds on a state strapped for cash.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Diplomatic relations were established at the independence of Pakistan in 1947 and have strengthened considerably owing to cooperation in regional affairs and trade. In 1969 the personnel of the Pakistani Air Force flew the Saudi fighter planes to ward off an invasion from South Yemen. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia invested in Pakistan, in many Industries. Since the inception of Pakistan, Pakistan has been playing a major and important role in the development of Saudi Arabia. Pakistan has provided assistance in the field of science and technology, infrastructure development and many more fields, Pakistan is providing training facilities to Saudi Armed forces. The <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Mosque" title="Faisal Mosque">Faisal Mosque</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="National Mosque">National Mosque</a> of Pakistan in <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, is named in honour of King Faisal and was funded by Saudi Arabia. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faisal_mosque2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Faisal_mosque2.jpg/220px-Faisal_mosque2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Faisal_mosque2.jpg/330px-Faisal_mosque2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Faisal_mosque2.jpg/440px-Faisal_mosque2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Mosque" title="Faisal Mosque">Faisal Mosque</a>, Islamabad, Pakistan.</figcaption></figure> Due to the Kingdom's continuing support, many places in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> are named after Saudi Kings and Saudi Arabia in general. For example, the city previously named <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Lyallpur</a> was renamed <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a> in honor of the late <a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">Faisal of Saudi Arabia</a>. Also, in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, Pakistan, there are neighbourhoods named Saud Colony, Saudabad, Faisal Colony. Also in Karachi, there is an airforce base name <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal Airbase">Faisal Airbase</a> named after King Faisal and also, in the honor of King Faisal, the main business street of Pakistan is called Sharah-e-Faisal in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>. In 2005, due to passing of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan declared a seven-day mourning period. Saudi Arabia also hosted former Pakistani Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> for 8 years while he was in exile. During his stay there, Kingdom held talks with Sharif and even provided him with license to operate business in the Kingdom. It is believed that it was Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which held talks with President <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> of Pakistan to foster their relationship and to allow Sharif back in Pakistan. The leaked cables revealed in 2010 that Saudis are "long accustomed to having a significant role in Pakistan's affairs."<a href="#cite_note-Time-223">[223]</a> One of the Saudi diplomat boasted about the Saudi involvement in Pakistani affairs, stating, "We in Saudi Arabia are not observers in Pakistan, we are participants."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Saudi Arabia also complained over President Zardari's alleged corruption and bias against Shiite Iran, thus fearing a Shia triangle stretching from Iraq, Iran to Pakistan. The cables further alleged that, Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Nayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed bin Nayef">Mohammed bin Nayef</a>, then Saudi assistant minister of interior, described the Pakistani Chief of Army staff <a href="/wiki/Ashfaq_Parvez_Kayani" title="Ashfaq Parvez Kayani">Ashfaq Parvez Kayani</a> as a "decent man" and the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Army">Pakistani Army</a> as Saudi Arabia's "winning horse" and its "best bet"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] for "stability".<a href="#cite_note-Time-223">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> reported that "despite the tensions with Zardari's government, military and intelligence links between Riyadh and <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a> remain strong and close." Time interviewee, Arif Rafiq of an international consulting firm, stated that the cables "demonstrate that the Saudis have deep vested interests in Pakistan and an influence that is so significant that even the U.S. in some way relies on Saudi knowledge of the country."<a href="#cite_note-Time-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></td> <td>1 January 1989</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Palestine-Saudi_Arabia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine-Saudi Arabia relations">Palestine-Saudi Arabia relations</a> State of Palestine and Saudi Arabia established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1989 when opened Embassy State of Palestine in Riyadh.<a href="#cite_note-Von_Glahn-1992-135">[135]</a> The internationally recognized PA government maintains cordial relations with Saudi Arabia and has aligned itself with the pro-Saudi bloc in the region, while Saudi Arabia is hostile to Hamas due it its backing from Iran. Despite cordial relations, beginning sometime in the mid to late 2000s, Saudi Arabia has continued to support Palestine, albeit in a limited fashion and has adopted the position of a peaceful settlement between the Arab/Islamic world and Israel, and has been criticized at times of 'betraying' Palestine. <ul><li>Palestine has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>24 October 1969</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Philippines–Saudi Arabia relations">Philippines–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodrigo_Duterte_meets_with_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_(2017-04-11).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rodrigo_Duterte_meets_with_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-04-11%29.jpg/250px-Rodrigo_Duterte_meets_with_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-04-11%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rodrigo_Duterte_meets_with_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-04-11%29.jpg/375px-Rodrigo_Duterte_meets_with_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-04-11%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rodrigo_Duterte_meets_with_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-04-11%29.jpg/500px-Rodrigo_Duterte_meets_with_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-04-11%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> The Philippines–Saudi Arabia relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Philippines and Saudi Arabia. Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 24 October 1969.<a href="#cite_note-DFA_Philippines-2022-95">[95]</a> Trade relations: In 2012, Saudi Arabia was the 10th largest trading partner of the Philippines, 31st and 8th largest market in the export and import market respectively. Saudi Arabia was also the Philippines' largest trading partner and import supplier, and second largest export market in the Middle East. According to the Saudi government, trade between Saudi Arabia and the Philippines amounted to $3.6 billion in 2011, a bigger figure from compared to the previous year's trade figure amounting to $2.7 billion. Labor relations: As of June 2013, there are about 674,000 <a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Filipinos in Saudi Arabia">Filipinos working in Saudi Arabia</a> according to the Saudi Ministry of Interior. A landmark agreement on Filipino household service workers were signed between Saudi Arabia and the Philippines. The agreement was the first for Saudi Arabia with a labor-supplying country.<a href="#cite_note-arabnews.com-224">[224]</a> In 2012, about 150,000 Filipino female nurses are working in Saudi Arabia. This accounts for 25 percent of the total number of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Filipino Workers">Overseas Filipino Workers</a> in the Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></td> <td>12 October 1971</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia relations">Qatar–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 1971 when signed agreement to exchange ambassadors.<a href="#cite_note-Burdett-2004-98">[98]</a> In 1969, an agreement with Qatar was reached about their borders after three years of dispute. A final agreement about the Qatar border was signed in 2001. After a March 2014 meeting of the Gulf Cooperation Council, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> announced the recall of their ambassadors to Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-nytqatar140305a-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Some financial economists have interpreted the 2014 Saudi–Qatari rift as the tangible political sign of a growing economic rivalry between oil and natural gas producers, which could "have deep and long-lasting consequences" beyond the <a href="/wiki/MENA" class="mw-redirect" title="MENA">Middle East-North Africa</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> On 5 June 2017, Saudi Arabia <a href="/wiki/2017_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis">severed diplomatic relations</a>, as well as other ties, with Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Saudi Arabia explained the decision by referring to Qatar's "embrace of various terrorist and sectarian groups aimed at destabilising the region", including the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaida" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaida">al-Qaida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a>, and groups supported by Iran in the kingdom's eastern province of <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> diplomatic relations were re-established in 2021 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>16 October 1962</td> <td> See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–South Korea relations">Saudi Arabia–South Korea relations</a> The link between South Korea and Saudi Arabia have been historically strong from the old era when Arab merchants came to the Korean Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Later_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Silla">United Silla</a> in 7th and 8th century.<a href="#cite_note-koreaarab-232">[232]</a> This has resulted in the growth of trades between Korea and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> despite regime changes on both sides.<a href="#cite_note-koreaarab-232">[232]</a> There are two Korean international schools in Saudi Arabia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_International_School_of_Jeddah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean International School of Jeddah (page does not exist)">Korean International School of Jeddah</a> (KISJ; 젯다한국국제학교) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_School_in_Riyadh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean School in Riyadh (page does not exist)">Korean School in Riyadh</a> (리야드한국학교).<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> During the period 1973-1984, a total of approximately 720,000 Korean workers were employed in various projects in Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Korean migration to Saudi Arabia has peaked in 1982 and 1983, with over 122,000 South Koreans entering Saudi Arabia in each of those years, making up over 70% of Korean migration to the region. However, by 1985, the number of South Koreans entering Saudi Arabia had fallen to 58,924, paralleling a downward trend in the whole region.<a href="#cite_note-Seok-236">[236]</a> As of 2015, there are 5,189 <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreans in Saudi Arabia">Koreans living in Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> In business, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a> is the largest exporter of oil to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a> (300,000,000 barrels, 2014) Also, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">ARAMCO</a> Korea was established in 2012. In 2016, two-way trade volume reached US$29.04 billion with South Korea exporting cars, electronic goods, steel and other items to Saudi Arabia and importing oil and other petrochemical products from it.<a href="#cite_note-Yonhap-2017-238">[238]</a> Now, South Korea is described as a "core" partner for the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Vision_2030" title="Saudi Vision 2030">Saudi Vision 2030</a> project, noting progress in joint efforts to flesh out their cooperation scheme to realize the vision.<a href="#cite_note-Yonhap-2017-238">[238]</a> <ul><li>South Korea has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>30 November 1974</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1974<a href="#cite_note-BBC_MS-1974-113">[113]</a> <ul><li>Sri Lanka has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>26 June 1944</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Syria relations">Saudi Arabia–Syria relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1944<a href="#cite_note-Syria-1947-52">[52]</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.</li> <li>Syria has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Relations between the two countries greatly deteriorated following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li> <li>Between 2018 and 2023, both countries made a gradual reaprochement.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Both countries are members of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td>1 October 1957</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Thailand relations">Saudi Arabia–Thailand relations</a> The country enjoyed a very friendly and strongly strategic partnership<a href="#cite_note-nationmultimedia.com-240">[240]</a> The historically friendly and strategic relationship between Thailand and Saudi Arabia had drastically deteriorated since the 1990s, following the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Diamond_Affair" title="Blue Diamond Affair">Blue Diamond Affair</a>. Diplomatic missions were downgraded to the <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a> level and the number of Thai workers in Saudi Arabia plummeted.<a href="#cite_note-nationmultimedia.com-240">[240]</a> Saudi Arabia did not issue working visas for Thais and discouraged its citizens from visiting the country. Relations between Thailand and Saudi Arabia, already strained, plunged to a new low in 2014 following a Criminal Court decision that acquitted five ex-police officers in relation to the murder of a Saudi businessman in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> On January 26, 2022, both countries announced they restored full diplomatic relations and have appointed ambassadors.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> and Thailand has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>3 August 1929</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations">Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1929.<a href="#cite_note-MFA-2023b-42">[42]</a> Turkey was one of the first states that recognised the country in 1926 and had a diplomatic mission in <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kahtani-244">[244]</a> Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> and a consulate – general in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Turkey has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> and a consulate – general in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Both countries are full members of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO) and the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Islamic Cooperation">Organization of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC). On the other hand, in 1986 Saudi Arabia proposed that Turkey should have ended commercial relations with Iran and that it could compensate Turkey's losses resulting from this.<a href="#cite_note-hunter-248">[248]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td> <td>21 August 1974</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates relations">Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1974.<a href="#cite_note-MEES-1974-111">[111]</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>.</li> <li>United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>21 June 1957</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1957 when the Government of Saudi Arabia is establishing a Legation in Yemen and appointed Abdul Rahman Abikan as its first Minister of Saudi Arabia to Yemen.<a href="#cite_note-Archive_Editions-1997b-72">[72]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (June 2011)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Yemen relations">See Saudi-Yemen Relations</a> For Saudi Arabia, Yemen has long been a serious national security concern. Relations between the two countries have historically fluctuated with the Saudis having many access points into Yemen via both formal and informal networks. Then <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince Sultan">Crown Prince Sultan</a> managed the tribal networks for decades but the tribal system is diminishing and the Saudi tribal connections have weakened as a result. While relations with former President Saleh were often stormy, Saudi Arabia considers the Iranian backed Houthis to be a terrorist group and a threat to the stability of not only their kingdom but the entire region. Due to these concerns, Saudi Arabia led an invasion of Yemen in 2015, resulting in an <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">ongoing conflict</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td>2 December 1992</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1992<a href="#cite_note-Albania_SA-2023-144">[144]</a> <ul><li>Albania has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>10 September 1957</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1957<a href="#cite_note-wienerzeitung-2023-73">[73]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Au%C3%9Fenminister_Alexander_Schallenberg_empf%C3%A4ngt_den_saudi-arabischen_Au%C3%9Fenminister_Prinz_Faisal_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_22.06.2021_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Au%C3%9Fenminister_Alexander_Schallenberg_empf%C3%A4ngt_den_saudi-arabischen_Au%C3%9Fenminister_Prinz_Faisal_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_22.06.2021_03.jpg/250px-Au%C3%9Fenminister_Alexander_Schallenberg_empf%C3%A4ngt_den_saudi-arabischen_Au%C3%9Fenminister_Prinz_Faisal_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_22.06.2021_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Au%C3%9Fenminister_Alexander_Schallenberg_empf%C3%A4ngt_den_saudi-arabischen_Au%C3%9Fenminister_Prinz_Faisal_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_22.06.2021_03.jpg/375px-Au%C3%9Fenminister_Alexander_Schallenberg_empf%C3%A4ngt_den_saudi-arabischen_Au%C3%9Fenminister_Prinz_Faisal_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_22.06.2021_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Au%C3%9Fenminister_Alexander_Schallenberg_empf%C3%A4ngt_den_saudi-arabischen_Au%C3%9Fenminister_Prinz_Faisal_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_22.06.2021_03.jpg/500px-Au%C3%9Fenminister_Alexander_Schallenberg_empf%C3%A4ngt_den_saudi-arabischen_Au%C3%9Fenminister_Prinz_Faisal_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_22.06.2021_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Austria–Saudi Arabia relations">Austria–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Both countries had diplomatic contact since 7 July 1880, with the opening of an Austrian consulate in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> (then under <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman occupation</a>).</li> <li>Austria has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmeia.gv.at/aussenministerium/aussenpolitik/voelkerrecht/staatsvertraege/bilaterale-staatsvertraege.html?dv_staat=148&mode=country&submit=1&vb_vp_id=149&cHash=253188593f">Austria Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties (in German only)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212114022/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/aussenministerium/aussenpolitik/voelkerrecht/staatsvertraege/bilaterale-staatsvertraege.html?dv_staat=148&mode=country&submit=1&vb_vp_id=149&cHash=253188593f">Archived</a> 12 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>10 April 1955 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1955.<a href="#cite_note-National_Archives-1947-64">[64]</a> <ul><li>Belgium has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Bulgaria has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>8 June 1995 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Croatia–Saudi Arabia relations">Croatia–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Croatia is represented in Saudi Arabia through its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>).</li> <li>Saudi Arabia isn't represented in Croatia but citizens that need any assistance are advised to contact Saudi Arabia embassy in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">BiH</a>).</li> <li>Both countries are members of the United Nations.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td>1961<a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Press_Agency-2023-83">[83]</a> </td> <td>See Cyprus–Saudi Arabia relations <ul><li>Cyprus is represented through its honorary consulate in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented through its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>.</li> <li>Both countries are members of the United Nations.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605104251/http://www.embassyconsulates.com/cyprus/cyprus-embassy-in-saudi-arabia.html">[2]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>1 February 1962 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Denmark–Saudi Arabia relations">Denmark–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1962 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Denmark Sheik Gawad Moustafa Zikry.<a href="#cite_note-slaegtsbibliotek.dk-1963-85">[85]</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Hellerup" title="Hellerup">Hellerup</a>, Copenhagen.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> has an embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>21 March 2003</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A4lisminister_Sven_Mikser_kohtus_Riyadhis_oma_Saudi_Araabia_kolleegi_Adel_Al-Jubeiriga_-_41278589034.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/V%C3%A4lisminister_Sven_Mikser_kohtus_Riyadhis_oma_Saudi_Araabia_kolleegi_Adel_Al-Jubeiriga_-_41278589034.jpg/250px-V%C3%A4lisminister_Sven_Mikser_kohtus_Riyadhis_oma_Saudi_Araabia_kolleegi_Adel_Al-Jubeiriga_-_41278589034.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/V%C3%A4lisminister_Sven_Mikser_kohtus_Riyadhis_oma_Saudi_Araabia_kolleegi_Adel_Al-Jubeiriga_-_41278589034.jpg/375px-V%C3%A4lisminister_Sven_Mikser_kohtus_Riyadhis_oma_Saudi_Araabia_kolleegi_Adel_Al-Jubeiriga_-_41278589034.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/V%C3%A4lisminister_Sven_Mikser_kohtus_Riyadhis_oma_Saudi_Araabia_kolleegi_Adel_Al-Jubeiriga_-_41278589034.jpg/500px-V%C3%A4lisminister_Sven_Mikser_kohtus_Riyadhis_oma_Saudi_Araabia_kolleegi_Adel_Al-Jubeiriga_-_41278589034.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Estonia is represented in Saudi Arabia by its embassy in Abu Dhabi.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>6 June 1969 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1969<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minister_for_European_Affairs_and_Ownership_Steering_Tytti_Tuppurainen_met_with_Minister_of_State_of_Saudi_Arabia_Adel_bin_Ahmad_Al_Jubeir_in_Helsinki_10.11.2020_(50586566196).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Minister_for_European_Affairs_and_Ownership_Steering_Tytti_Tuppurainen_met_with_Minister_of_State_of_Saudi_Arabia_Adel_bin_Ahmad_Al_Jubeir_in_Helsinki_10.11.2020_%2850586566196%29.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Minister_for_European_Affairs_and_Ownership_Steering_Tytti_Tuppurainen_met_with_Minister_of_State_of_Saudi_Arabia_Adel_bin_Ahmad_Al_Jubeir_in_Helsinki_10.11.2020_%2850586566196%29.jpg/375px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Minister_for_European_Affairs_and_Ownership_Steering_Tytti_Tuppurainen_met_with_Minister_of_State_of_Saudi_Arabia_Adel_bin_Ahmad_Al_Jubeir_in_Helsinki_10.11.2020_%2850586566196%29.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4057" data-file-height="2469" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Finland has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> and an honorary consulate general in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia opened an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820165843/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17319&culture=en-US&contentlan=2">Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about relations with Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>March 1926<a href="#cite_note-AmbaFrance-2023-39">[39]</a></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="France–Saudi Arabia relations">France–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>France has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>26 April 1929</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1929.<a href="#cite_note-UPA-1986a-41">[41]</a> Diplomatic Relations between Federal Republic of Germany and Saudi Arabia were established on 10 November 1954.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F063237-0004,_Saudi_Arabien,_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_bei_K%C3%B6nig_Fahd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F063237-0004%2C_Saudi_Arabien%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_bei_K%C3%B6nig_Fahd.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F063237-0004%2C_Saudi_Arabien%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_bei_K%C3%B6nig_Fahd.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F063237-0004%2C_Saudi_Arabien%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_bei_K%C3%B6nig_Fahd.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F063237-0004%2C_Saudi_Arabien%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_bei_K%C3%B6nig_Fahd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F063237-0004%2C_Saudi_Arabien%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_bei_K%C3%B6nig_Fahd.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F063237-0004%2C_Saudi_Arabien%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_bei_K%C3%B6nig_Fahd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Germany–Saudi Arabia relations">Germany–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Germany has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> and a consulate general in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> and a consulate general in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/EN/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/01-Nodes/SaudiArabien_node.html">German Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Relations between Germany and Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9D._%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C_%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_Faisal_Bin_Farhan_(%CE%A1%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_20.04.2021)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9D._%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C_%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_Faisal_Bin_Farhan_%28%CE%A1%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_20.04.2021%29_02.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9D._%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C_%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_Faisal_Bin_Farhan_%28%CE%A1%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_20.04.2021%29_02.jpg/375px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9D._%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C_%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_Faisal_Bin_Farhan_%28%CE%A1%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_20.04.2021%29_02.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3263" data-file-height="2302" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> See <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Greece–Saudi Arabia relations">Greece–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Greece has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Hungary has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>September 1974</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1974.<a href="#cite_note-oireachtas-1975-112">[112]</a> <ul><li>Ireland has an embassy in Riyadh and an honorary consulate in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>10 February 1932</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1932 with signed the Treaty of Friendship between Italy and the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz.<a href="#cite_note-mat13-47">[47]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mattarella_and_Draghi_welcomed_Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud_to_the_G20_Rome_Summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mattarella_and_Draghi_welcomed_Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud_to_the_G20_Rome_Summit.jpg/250px-Mattarella_and_Draghi_welcomed_Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud_to_the_G20_Rome_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mattarella_and_Draghi_welcomed_Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud_to_the_G20_Rome_Summit.jpg/375px-Mattarella_and_Draghi_welcomed_Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud_to_the_G20_Rome_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mattarella_and_Draghi_welcomed_Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud_to_the_G20_Rome_Summit.jpg/500px-Mattarella_and_Draghi_welcomed_Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud_to_the_G20_Rome_Summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Italy–Saudi Arabia relations">Italy–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Italy has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>7 August 2009</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Kosovo–Saudi Arabia relations">Kosovo–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 2009.<a href="#cite_note-Kosovo_SA-2009-181">[181]</a> <ul><li>Kosovo has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is accredited to Kosovo from its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td>29 April 2009 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 2009<a href="#cite_note-SA_Switzerland-2023-180">[180]</a> <ul><li>The interests of Liechtenstein are handled through the Swiss embassy in Riyadh.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia's embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> also serves as non-resident embassy for Liechtenstein.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>9 June 1930</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1930 when first the Netherlands Charge d'Affaires, M. Van de Meulen, presented letters of credence to King Ibn Saud.<a href="#cite_note-UPA-1986b-45">[45]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minister_Stef_Blok_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_gaat_de_komende_dagen_naar_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB,_Iran_en_de_Verenigde_Arabische_Emiraten_om_het_gesprek_aan_te_gaan_over_de_spanningen_in_de_Golf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Minister_Stef_Blok_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_gaat_de_komende_dagen_naar_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB%2C_Iran_en_de_Verenigde_Arabische_Emiraten_om_het_gesprek_aan_te_gaan_over_de_spanningen_in_de_Golf.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Minister_Stef_Blok_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_gaat_de_komende_dagen_naar_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB%2C_Iran_en_de_Verenigde_Arabische_Emiraten_om_het_gesprek_aan_te_gaan_over_de_spanningen_in_de_Golf.jpg/375px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Minister_Stef_Blok_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_gaat_de_komende_dagen_naar_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB%2C_Iran_en_de_Verenigde_Arabische_Emiraten_om_het_gesprek_aan_te_gaan_over_de_spanningen_in_de_Golf.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>The Netherlands has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>8 May 1961</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1961<a href="#cite_note-regjeringen.no-1999-79">[79]</a> <ul><li>Norway has had an embassy in Riyadh since 1976.<a href="#cite_note-norway1-263">[263]</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia has had an embassy in Oslo since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-norway1-263">[263]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>3 May 1995</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_06_25_lech_kaczynski_krolarabii02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2007_06_25_lech_kaczynski_krolarabii02.jpg/250px-2007_06_25_lech_kaczynski_krolarabii02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2007_06_25_lech_kaczynski_krolarabii02.jpg/375px-2007_06_25_lech_kaczynski_krolarabii02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2007_06_25_lech_kaczynski_krolarabii02.jpg/500px-2007_06_25_lech_kaczynski_krolarabii02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Poland–Saudi Arabia relations">Poland–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Poland has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>13 March 1995</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Romania_%E2%80%93_Saudi_Arabia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania – Saudi Arabia relations">Romania – Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Romania has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>19 February 1926</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1926.<a href="#cite_note-Facebook-2023-38">[38]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_(2017-10-05)_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Vladimir_Putin_and_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-10-05%29_3.jpg/250px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-10-05%29_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Vladimir_Putin_and_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-10-05%29_3.jpg/375px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-10-05%29_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Vladimir_Putin_and_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-10-05%29_3.jpg/500px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282017-10-05%29_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Russia–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <ul><li>Russia has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Serbia relations">Saudi Arabia–Serbia relations</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Budapest, Hungary.</li> <li>Serbia has an embassy in Riyadh.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.</li> <li>Slovenia is accredited to Saudi Arabia from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>30 August 1948</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Spain relations">Saudi Arabia–Spain relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 August 1948.<a href="#cite_note-Islamo-Cristiano_-1982-59">[59]</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and a consulate in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>.</li> <li>Spain has an embassy in Riyadh.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Sweden relations">Saudi Arabia–Sweden relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957<a href="#cite_note-regeringen.se-2023-76">[76]</a> <ul><li>The 2005 <a href="/wiki/Project_Simoom" title="Project Simoom">Project Simoom</a> contract on weapon industry cooperation<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> was torn up by the Swedish government in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a></li> <li>Swedish foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Margot_Wallstr%C3%B6m" title="Margot Wallström">Wallström</a>'s planned speech<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a> in March 2015 was blocked by Saudi Arabia, after Sweden criticized Saudi Arabia on human rights issues.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li> <li>Sweden has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>,</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>14 April 1993</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_Ukraine_had_a_meeting_with_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia._(52712271797).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_of_Ukraine_had_a_meeting_with_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia._%2852712271797%29.jpg/250px-President_of_Ukraine_had_a_meeting_with_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia._%2852712271797%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_of_Ukraine_had_a_meeting_with_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia._%2852712271797%29.jpg/375px-President_of_Ukraine_had_a_meeting_with_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia._%2852712271797%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_of_Ukraine_had_a_meeting_with_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia._%2852712271797%29.jpg/500px-President_of_Ukraine_had_a_meeting_with_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia._%2852712271797%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>See <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Ukraine relations">Saudi Arabia–Ukraine relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1993<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_SA-2023-145">[145]</a> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia recognized Ukraine's independence in 1992.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.</li> <li>Ukraine has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> and an honorary consulate in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a></li> <li>In January 2003, Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a> made an official visit to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>20 May 1927</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1927 when signed in Jeddah Treaty of Friendship between Great Britain and Kingdom of Hejaz and Najd.<a href="#cite_note-The_Argus-2023-40">[40]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saudi_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(20911072022).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Saudi_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_%2820911072022%29.jpg/250px-Saudi_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_%2820911072022%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Saudi_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_%2820911072022%29.jpg/375px-Saudi_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_%2820911072022%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Saudi_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_%2820911072022%29.jpg/500px-Saudi_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_%2820911072022%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> See <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom-Saudi_Arabia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom-Saudi Arabia relations">United Kingdom-Saudi Arabia relations</a> The UK has an embassy in Riyadh, consulate in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> and trade office in <a href="/wiki/Al_Khobar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Khobar">Al Khobar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> Saudi Arabia has an embassy and consulate in London.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>15 January 1974</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Australia–Saudi Arabia relations">Australia–Saudi Arabia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1974<a href="#cite_note-NLA-1974-105">[105]</a> <ul><li>Australia has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> and a consulate in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>22 December 1976</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1976<a href="#cite_note-MEED-1976-118">[118]</a> <ul><li>New Zealand has an embassy in Riyadh.</li> <li>Saudi Arabia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_relations_and_propaganda">Public relations and propaganda</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Public relations and propaganda">edit</a>]</div> The reputation of Saudi Arabia in the West has always been controversial due to its <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">record of human rights abuses</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi involvement in the Yemen civil war</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> have become a major centre for public relations (PR) supporting the Saudi regime. <a href="/wiki/Lina_Khatib" title="Lina Khatib">Lina Khatib</a>, head of the Middle East and north Africa programme at <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a>, said that Saudi Arabia had embarked upon a "wide-ranging PR campaign focused on the UK and the US" since 2016, which involved English-language content targeting a British audience. This PR, linked with the support of <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> in arms sales during the war in Yemen. In the UK, media PR depicted <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> as a reforming prince, and major newspapers ran adverts promoting Bin Salman's 'reform agenda'.<a href="#cite_note-Waterson-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beast-273">[273]</a> This image has been undermined by disappearance and apparent Saudi state-sanctioned murder of Washington Post journalist <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Waterson-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beast-273">[273]</a> Following these allegations, US Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> said, "We call on the government of Saudi Arabia to support a thorough investigation of Mr Khashoggi's disappearance and to be transparent about the results of that investigation"<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> and a UK Foreign Office spokesman said, "These are extremely serious allegations. We are aware of the latest reports and are working urgently to establish the facts, including with the government of Saudi Arabia." <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> also sought an explanation as to how an "accomplished and esteemed" journalist such as Khashoggi vanished.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Jamal Khashoggi">murder of Khashoggi</a>, Germany's Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> halted the sale of weapons to Saudi. A non-binding resolution was also voted in the European Parliament to "impose an EU-wide arms embargo on Saudi Arabia". Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> threatened to cancel a multimillion-dollar defence contract amidst the Khashoggi controversy.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> Consulum, a London-based PR firm primarily staffed by former <a href="/wiki/Bell_Pottinger" title="Bell Pottinger">Bell Pottinger</a> employees, has worked on communications programmes with the Saudi Arabian government and PR firm <a href="/wiki/Freud_Communications" title="Freud Communications">Freud Communications</a>, which has worked with the kingdom in propagating the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Vision_2030" title="Saudi Vision 2030">Saudi Vision 2030</a> relaunch under Bin Salman, distanced itself from the regime following the disappearance of Khashoggi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagefield_Global_Counsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagefield Global Counsel (page does not exist)">Pagefield Global Counsel</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekst_CNC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekst CNC (page does not exist)">Kekst CNC</a> (a London division of French PR company <a href="/wiki/Publicis" title="Publicis">Publicis</a>) have said that they previously worked with the regime but no longer work in Saudi Arabia. A number of media companies that have worked with the Saudi state to promote its overseas image. Bin Salman met <a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice Media</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Shane_Smith_(journalist)" title="Shane Smith (journalist)">Shane Smith</a> in early 2018 on his tour of the US, and Vice has had a team promoting the country with the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Research_and_Marketing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Research and Marketing Group">Saudi Research and Marketing Group</a> (SRMG), a Saudi regime-affiliated publishing group and 'organ of <a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">soft power</a>'. SMRG has signed a deal with <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> to launch foreign-language websites (including Arabic) across the Middle East, which has led to concern over potential editorial influence by the Saudi publisher. SMRG also donates to the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair_Institute_for_Global_Change" title="Tony Blair Institute for Global Change">Tony Blair Institute for Global Change</a> to facilitate <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s work on the Saudi modernisation programme.<a href="#cite_note-Waterson-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beast-273">[273]</a> According to a FARA eFile document filed with the US Department of Justice, the Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C., hired an ex-top lobbyist of the Heritage Foundation for a brief legislative push before the inauguration of 2020 President-elect <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and his administration. The contract with Off Hill Strategies worth $25,000-per-month was effective from 19 October 2020 through 18 January 2021, two days before the inauguration of President Biden. As per the filing, the PR firm was tasked with serving "federal legislative advocacy and related services to support the Embassy's congressional outreach efforts and further advance bilateral ties between the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the United States." During the primary debate of 2019, Biden was quoted as calling Saudi Arabia a "pariah" and promising to end the US arms sales to Riyadh following its alleged use in the Saudi-led coalition's war in Yemen that has resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians. Off Hill Strategies has been called the Saudi embassy's first hiring in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_organization_participation">International organization participation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International organization participation">edit</a>]</div> Saudi Arabia is a member of the <a href="/wiki/ABEDA" class="mw-redirect" title="ABEDA">ABEDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">AfDB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Fund_for_Economic_and_Social_Development" title="Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development">AFESD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">AL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Monetary_Fund" title="Arab Monetary Fund">AMF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">BIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">ESCWA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a>, <a href="/wiki/G-20" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20">G-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G-77</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">ICC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">ICRM</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Development_Bank" title="Islamic Development Bank">IDB</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">IFRCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Satellite_Organization" title="International Mobile Satellite Organization">Inmarsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpol_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpol (organization)">Interpol</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOC" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC">IOC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Arab_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries" title="Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries">OAPEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">OAS</a> (observer), <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">OIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">OPCW</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>, UN, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Customs_Organization" title="World Customs Organization">WCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">WFTU</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTrO</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Saudi Arabia–related articles">Index of Saudi Arabia–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran-Arab_relations#Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Arab relations">Iran-Arab Relations (Saudi Arabia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Saudi Arabia">List of diplomatic missions in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia">List of diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf">Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Saudi+Connection%3A+Wahhahbism+and+global+terror&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-34&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43555279%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Chosky&rft.aufirst=C.E.B.&rft.au=Chosky%2C+J.K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43555279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyrob-coldwar-26"><a href="#cite_ref-nyrob-coldwar_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodenbeck2004" class="citation journal cs1">Rodenbeck, Max (21 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17477">"Unloved in Arabia"</a>. The New York Review of Books. 51 (16). <q>During the Reagan administration, Saudi Arabia effectively became a weapon in the all-out assault on communism. It was not just the Afghan Mujahideen who benefited, fatefully as we well know, from Saudi largesse, but America's proxy fighters on other cold-war fronts, from Angola to Central America to the Horn of Africa. Less dramatically but perhaps more crucially, the kingdom also bled the Soviet Union by keeping oil prices down throughout the 1980s, just when the Russians were desperate to sell energy in order to keep up with huge hikes in American military spending. In periods of shortage during the past ten years, such as during the Iraq wars and Venezuela's 2002 oil strike, the Saudis have cranked up production to keep prices stable.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Unloved+in+Arabia&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=16&rft.date=2004-10-21&rft.aulast=Rodenbeck&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F17477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foreign_Policy-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Foreign_Policy_27-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/28/abdullahs_no_reformer">"Abdullah's no reformer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030083104/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/28/abdullahs_no_reformer">Archived</a> 30 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Foreign Policy, 28 June 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2010/11/29/wikileaks-and-iran/">"Wikileaks and Iran"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Two+years+later%3A+9%2F11+Tactics%3B+Official+Says+Qaeda+Recruited+Saudi+Hijackers+to+Strain+Ties&rft.date=2003-09-09&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9803E4DD143BF93AA3575AC0A9659C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuna.net.kw/NewsAgenciesPublicSite/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1969914&Language=en">"Arab leaders issue resolutions, emphasize Gaza reconstruction efforts"</a>. Kuwait News Agency. 20 January 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kuwait+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Arab+leaders+issue+resolutions%2C+emphasize+Gaza+reconstruction+efforts&rft.date=2009-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuna.net.kw%2FNewsAgenciesPublicSite%2FArticleDetails.aspx%3Fid%3D1969914%26Language%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/31/egypt-protests-spread-other-countries">"Egypt Protests could spread to other countries"</a> The Guardian, 31 January 2011, Retrieved 21 February 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-Biskup-2017-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biskup-2017_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biskup-2017_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiskup2017" class="citation book cs1">Biskup, Lennart (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180609104353/http://www.ffgi.net/files/pub/pub-Biskup-Saudi-Arabien.pdf">Saudi-Arabiens radikalisierender Einfluss auf Deutschlands Muslime</a> (PDF). Frankfurt: Frankfurter Forschungszentrums Globaler Islam (FFGI). pp. 4, 11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ffgi.net/files/pub/pub-Biskup-Saudi-Arabien.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi-Arabiens+radikalisierender+Einfluss+auf+Deutschlands+Muslime&rft.place=Frankfurt&rft.pages=4%2C+11&rft.pub=Frankfurter+Forschungszentrums+Globaler+Islam+%28FFGI%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Biskup&rft.aufirst=Lennart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ffgi.net%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2Fpub-Biskup-Saudi-Arabien.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ_Jonsson_David2006" class="citation book cs1">J Jonsson David (2006). 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Retrieved 13 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+States+Department+of+Justice&rft.atitle=FARA+Document+of+the+Embassy+of+the+Kingdom+of+Saudi+Arabia+Hiring+Off+Hill+Strategies+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fefile.fara.gov%2Fdocs%2F6889-Exhibit-AB-20201113-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeok1991" class="citation cs2">Seok, Hyunho (1991), "Korean migrant workers to the Middle East", in Gunatilleke, Godfrey (ed.), Migration to the Arab World: Experience of Returning Migrants, United Nations University Press, pp. 56–103, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-808-0745-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-808-0745-5"><bdi>978-92-808-0745-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Korean+migrant+workers+to+the+Middle+East&rft.btitle=Migration+to+the+Arab+World%3A+Experience+of+Returning+Migrants&rft.pages=56-103&rft.pub=United+Nations+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-92-808-0745-5&rft.aulast=Seok&rft.aufirst=Hyunho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlare2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klare" title="Michael Klare">Klare, Michael</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodoildangersc00klar">Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Petroleum Dependency</a>. New York: Metropolitan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-7313-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-7313-2"><bdi>0-8050-7313-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+and+Oil%3A+The+Dangers+and+Consequences+of+America%27s+Growing+Petroleum+Dependency&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Metropolitan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8050-7313-2&rft.aulast=Klare&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbloodoildangersc00klar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_John_Paul2007" class="citation book cs1">Jones, John Paul (2007). If Olaya Street Could Talk: Saudi Arabia- The Heartland of Oil and Islam. The Taza Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9790436-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9790436-0-4"><bdi>978-0-9790436-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=If+Olaya+Street+Could+Talk%3A+Saudi+Arabia-+The+Heartland+of+Oil+and+Islam&rft.pub=The+Taza+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9790436-0-4&rft.au=Jones%2C+John+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Saudi+Arabia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.gov.sa/detail.asp?InServiceID=205&intemplatekey=MainPage">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028112516/http://victorhanson.com/articles/hanson070002.html">Our enemies, the Saudis. United States relations with Saudi Arabia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Victor Davis Hanson</a>, originally published in <a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a>, June 2002.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051103203158/http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2005/10/27/saudia11931.htm">Saudi Arabia: 14-Year-Old Boy Faces Execution</a> from <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> 27 October 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1139395549420&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">Saudi Arabia to host Israel boycott event</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] by <a href="/wiki/Shavei_Israel" title="Shavei Israel">Michael Freund</a>, published in the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Post">Jerusalem Post</a>, 7 March 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saudiembassy.net/">Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221165919/http://riyadh.usembassy.gov/">Embassy of the United States in Riyadh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070220085154/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2005/issue2/jv9no2a1.html">Saudi-U.S. Alignment after the Six Day War</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E4D81738F930A25752C1A9659C8B63">A Saudi-Israeli Deal</a> (an opinion column by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Friedman" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas L. Friedman">Thomas L. Friedman</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Arabia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Saudi_Arabia&#124;link=Saudi_Arabia_Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Algeria–Saudi Arabia relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Egypt–Saudi Arabia relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Kenya–Saudi Arabia relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Libya–Saudi Arabia relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Morocco–Saudi Arabia relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Nigeria–Saudi Arabia relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/75px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/113px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Brazil–Saudi Arabia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Canada–Saudi Arabia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Mexico–Saudi Arabia relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Peru–Saudi Arabia relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Afghanistan–Saudi Arabia relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Armenia–Saudi Arabia relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Bahrain–Saudi Arabia relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Bangladesh–Saudi Arabia relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="India–Saudi Arabia relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Indonesia–Saudi Arabia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iraq–Saudi Arabia relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Israel–Saudi Arabia relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Japan–Saudi Arabia relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Jordan–Saudi Arabia relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Kuwait–Saudi Arabia relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Lebanon–Saudi Arabia relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Malaysia–Saudi Arabia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Maldives–Saudi Arabia relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Myanmar–Saudi Arabia relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Oman–Saudi Arabia relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Palestine–Saudi Arabia relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Philippines–Saudi Arabia relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Austria–Saudi Arabia relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Saudi Arabia relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Croatia–Saudi Arabia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Denmark–Saudi Arabia relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="France–Saudi Arabia relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Germany–Saudi Arabia relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Greece–Saudi Arabia relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Holy See–Saudi Arabia relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Italy–Saudi Arabia relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Kosovo–Saudi Arabia relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Norway–Saudi Arabia relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Poland–Saudi Arabia relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Romania–Saudi Arabia relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Australia–Saudi Arabia relations">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran">Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative" title="Arab Peace Initiative">Arab Peace Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia">Diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Saudi Arabia">in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saudi_Arabia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saudi_Arabia_topics" title="Template:Saudi Arabia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saudi_Arabia_topics" title="Template talk:Saudi Arabia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saudi_Arabia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saudi Arabia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saudi_Arabia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Saudi Arabia–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of Saudi Arabia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">Pre-Islamic Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Medina" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad in Medina">Early Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Diriyah" title="Emirate of Diriyah">Emirate of Diriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Nejd" title="Emirate of Nejd">Emirate of Nejd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Kingdom of Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia">Unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Modern history of Saudi Arabia">Modern history</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Emblem of Saudi Arabia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="567" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Geography of Saudi Arabia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Template:Borders of Saudi Arabia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Climate of Saudi Arabia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of earthquakes in Saudi Arabia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governorates_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of governorates of Saudi Arabia">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of mountains in Saudi Arabia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Provinces of Saudi Arabia">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wadis_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of wadis of Saudi Arabia">Wadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Wildlife of Saudi Arabia">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Politics of Saudi Arabia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance_Council" title="Allegiance Council">Allegiance Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia">Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabahith" title="Mabahith">Mabahith (secret police)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="National Security Council (Saudi Arabia)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Nuclear program of Saudi Arabia">Nuclear program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.95em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Legal system of Saudi Arabia">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Basic Law of Saudi Arabia">Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Elections in Saudi Arabia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rape in Saudi Arabia">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Women's rights in Saudi Arabia">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Judiciary of Saudi Arabia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)">Mutaween (religious police)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_passport" title="Saudi passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Visa policy of Saudi Arabia">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Saudi Arabia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_Army" title="Saudi Arabian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Navy" title="Royal Saudi Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Saudi Air Defense">Air Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Strategic_Missile_Force" title="Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force">Strategic Missile Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_National_Guard" title="Saudi Arabian National Guard">National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_General_Staff" title="Chairman of the General Staff">Chairman of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_Presidency" title="General Staff Presidency">General Staff Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Presidency" title="General Intelligence Presidency">General Intelligence Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_military_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian military ranks">Military ranks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Agriculture in Saudi Arabia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of companies of Saudi Arabia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Market_Authority_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Capital Market Authority (Saudi Arabia)">Capital Market Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_and_Development_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Council of Economic and Development Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Council of Economic and Development Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Energy in Saudi Arabia">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_oil_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia">History of the oil industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_workers_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia">Foreign workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Irrigation in Saudi Arabia">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Riyal (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Central_Bank" title="Saudi Central Bank">Saudi Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Economic_Council_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Supreme Economic Council of Saudi Arabia">Supreme Economic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadawul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadawul">Tadawul (stock exchange)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Telecommunications in Saudi Arabia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Tourism in Saudi Arabia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Transport in Saudi Arabia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rail transport in Saudi Arabia">rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Society of Saudi Arabia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abortion in Saudi Arabia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Censorship in Saudi Arabia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crime in Saudi Arabia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Demographics of Saudi Arabia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Youth in Saudi Arabia">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_and_racial_discrimination_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Social and racial discrimination in Saudi Arabia">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Education in Saudi Arabia">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Libraries in Saudi Arabia">libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of universities and colleges in Saudi Arabia">universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Health care in Saudi Arabia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human trafficking in Saudi Arabia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Obesity in Saudi Arabia">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Polygamy in Saudi Arabia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prostitution in Saudi Arabia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to ISIL">response to ISIL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Culture of Saudi Arabia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_art" title="Saudi Arabian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Visual arts in Saudi Arabia">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Saudi Arabia">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Television in Saudi Arabia">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Public holidays in Saudi Arabia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Islam in Saudi Arabia">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Sport in Saudi Arabia">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Football in Saudi Arabia">football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Saudi Arabia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Heritage in Saudi Arabia">Heritage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="National symbols of Saudi Arabia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of Saudi Arabia">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardah" title="Ardah">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Emblem of Saudi Arabia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Flag of Saudi Arabia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Motto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Outline of Saudi Arabia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Saudi Arabia–related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Saudi Arabia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Asia" title="Template:Foreign relations of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan" title="Foreign relations of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Armenia" title="Foreign relations of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan" title="Foreign relations of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bahrain" title="Foreign relations of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bhutan" title="Foreign relations of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brunei" title="Foreign relations of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cambodia" title="Foreign relations of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_East_Timor" title="Foreign relations of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Egypt" title="Foreign relations of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iran" title="Foreign relations of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iraq" title="Foreign relations of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Foreign relations of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Jordan" title="Foreign relations of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" title="Foreign relations of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea" title="Foreign relations of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kuwait" title="Foreign relations of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Foreign relations of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Laos" title="Foreign relations of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon" title="Foreign relations of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Maldives" title="Foreign relations of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mongolia" title="Foreign relations of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Myanmar" title="Foreign relations of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nepal" title="Foreign relations of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Oman" title="Foreign relations of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Qatar" title="Foreign relations of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Singapore" title="Foreign relations of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Foreign relations of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Syria" title="Foreign relations of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tajikistan" title="Foreign relations of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Thailand" title="Foreign relations of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkmenistan" title="Foreign relations of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Uzbekistan" title="Foreign relations of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yemen" title="Foreign relations of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Abkhazia" title="Foreign relations of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Ossetia" title="Foreign relations of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" 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