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Cannabis policy of the Jimmy Carter administration - Wikipedia
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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> During the administration of American President <b>Jimmy Carter</b> (1977–1981), the United States gave further consideration to the decriminalization of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> (marijuana), with the support of the president. However, law enforcement, conservative politicians, and grassroots parents' groups opposed this measure. The net result of the <a href="/wiki/Carter_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter administration">Carter administration</a> was the continuation of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a> and restrictions on cannabis,<sup id="cite_ref-Gerber2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerber2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meier2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while at the same time cannabis consumption in the United States reached historically high levels.<sup id="cite_ref-KleimanHawdon2011_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KleimanHawdon2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign_position">Campaign position</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Campaign position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his presidential campaign, Carter responded to a candidate survey by <a href="/wiki/NORML" class="mw-redirect" title="NORML">NORML</a>, and stated that he was in favor of decriminalization of cannabis, as had recently been <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oregon#Decriminalization" title="Cannabis in Oregon">passed in Oregon in 1973</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Delinquency1975_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delinquency1975-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 1977 address to Congress, Carter submitted that penalties for cannabis use should not outweigh the actual harms of cannabis consumption. Carter retained Nixon-era (yet pro-decriminalization) advisor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Du_Pont" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Du Pont">Robert Du Pont</a>, and appointed pro-decriminalization British physician <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bourne" title="Peter Bourne">Peter Bourne</a> as his drug advisor (or "drug czar") to head up his newly-formed <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Drug_Abuse_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Drug Abuse Policy">Office of Drug Abuse Policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerber2004_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerber2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hudak2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudak2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decriminalization">Decriminalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decriminalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Six months into his administration, Carter was already speaking in support of decriminalization of cannabis, replacing imprisonment with civil fines,<sup id="cite_ref-M.P.H.2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.P.H.2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Torgoff2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torgoff2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and removing federal penalties for possession of one ounce or less of cannabis.<sup id="cite_ref-Ph.D.2018_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ph.D.2018-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carter supported softer enforcement regarding cannabis and cocaine, while maintaining a stricter stance against the perceived greater dangers of heroin.<sup id="cite_ref-Lynch2016_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lynch2016-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carter's momentum on decriminalization was impeded by the discrediting of Bourne, leading to Bourne's resignation on 20 July, 1978. Bourne came under controversy concerning his efforts to maintain the confidentiality of one of his staff for whom he had written a prescription for <a href="/wiki/Methaqualone" title="Methaqualone">methaqualone</a>. Shortly thereafter, Bourne's alleged use of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> (which Bourne had previously characterized as being "acutely pleasurable" in "The Great Cocaine Myth," a 1974 article for the <i>Drugs and Drug Abuse Education Newsletter</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at a party coinciding with the <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws</a>'s annual convention was leaked to journalists <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cohn_(journalist)" title="Gary Cohn (journalist)">Gary Cohn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Anderson_(columnist)" title="Jack Anderson (columnist)">Jack Anderson</a>. NORML executive director <a href="/wiki/Keith_Stroup" title="Keith Stroup">Keith Stroup</a>, upset about the Carter administration's continued use of <a href="/wiki/Paraquat" title="Paraquat">paraquat</a> on Mexican cannabis fields, said he "won't deny" that Bourne used the drugs and said that the refusal to deny was "significant." But he declined to elaborate. "I don't feel comfortable commenting about private drug use by a public person or anyone else," Stroup said. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grassroots parents' organizations played a role in building popular opinion against cannabis decriminalization. The group <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosy_Parents_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nosy Parents Association (page does not exist)">Nosy Parents Association</a> met with DuPont in 1977 and impressed upon him that youth cannabis usage was hurting students and families. Following this meeting, DuPont scaled back his support for decriminalization.<sup id="cite_ref-WhitfordYates2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhitfordYates2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gerber2004_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerber2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 29">: 29 </span></sup> </p><p>Carter was also opposed by conservative politicians. Ex-governor of California and future president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> used his syndicated weekly radio show to attack Carter for being soft on cannabis, and support stricter anti-cannabis policies.<sup id="cite_ref-TateTaylor2013_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TateTaylor2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congress ultimately ignored Carter's support for decriminalization, alarmed by a sharp increase in the use of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, and seeing cannabis as a <a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway drug">gateway drug</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmbry2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmbry2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compassionate_Investigational_New_Drug_program">Compassionate Investigational New Drug program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compassionate Investigational New Drug program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Compassionate_Investigational_New_Drug_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Compassionate Investigational New Drug program">Compassionate Investigational New Drug program</a> (Compassionate IND) was founded in 1978 by the Carter administration, providing federally-produced cannabis products to a limited number of assigned patients. The program was closed to new applicants in 1992 under the George H. W. Bush administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Record_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Record-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_War_in_Mexico">Drug War in Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Drug War in Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carter spoke in favor of Mexico's program, funded by the United States, to eradicate cannabis in Mexico, stating: ""Marijuana happens to be an illicit drug that's included under the overall drug control program, and I favor this program very strongly."<sup id="cite_ref-Jimmy1979_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jimmy1979-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marijuana_in_the_White_House">Marijuana in the White House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marijuana in the White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977, singer and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> took a visit to the Carter White House.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nelson, a known pot-smoker says he was approached by Chip Carter, President Carter's son, during his visit. The story goes that Chip knocked on the rock & roll legend's door and took him on an excursion to the roof of the White House. On the roof, the two shared a "fat Austin torpedo" and took in the sights of Washington D.C. in the night.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gerber2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gerber2004_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerber2004_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerber2004_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRudolph_Joseph_Gerber2004" class="citation book cs1">Rudolph Joseph Gerber (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WMOdI9pC-gEC&pg=PA32"><i>Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 32–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97448-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97448-0"><bdi>978-0-275-97448-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legalizing+Marijuana%3A+Drug+Policy+Reform+and+Prohibition+Politics&rft.pages=32-&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97448-0&rft.au=Rudolph+Joseph+Gerber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWMOdI9pC-gEC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meier2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meier2016_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_J._Meier2016" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth J. Meier (September 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J4wYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT61"><i>The Politics of Sin: Drugs, Alcohol and Public Policy: Drugs, Alcohol and Public Policy</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 61–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-28727-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-28727-0"><bdi>978-1-315-28727-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Sin%3A+Drugs%2C+Alcohol+and+Public+Policy%3A+Drugs%2C+Alcohol+and+Public+Policy&rft.pages=61-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1-315-28727-0&rft.au=Kenneth+J.+Meier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ4wYDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KleimanHawdon2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KleimanHawdon2011_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_A._R._KleimanJames_E._Hawdon2011" class="citation book cs1">Mark A. R. Kleiman; James E. Hawdon (January 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OePnCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT142"><i>Encyclopedia of Drug Policy</i></a>. SAGE Publications. pp. 142–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5063-3824-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5063-3824-8"><bdi>978-1-5063-3824-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Drug+Policy&rft.pages=142-&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2011-01-12&rft.isbn=978-1-5063-3824-8&rft.au=Mark+A.+R.+Kleiman&rft.au=James+E.+Hawdon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOePnCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delinquency1975-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Delinquency1975_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Congress._Senate._Committee_on_the_Judiciary._Subcommittee_to_Investigate_Juvenile_Delinquency1975" class="citation book cs1">United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-moTAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1101"><i>Marijuana Decriminalization: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session ... May 14, 1975</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1101–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana+Decriminalization%3A+Hearing+Before+the+Subcommittee+to+Investigate+Juvenile+Delinquency+of+the+Committee+on+the+Judiciary%2C+United+States+Senate%2C+Ninety-fourth+Congress%2C+First+Session+...+May+14%2C+1975&rft.pages=1101-&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1975&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Committee+on+the+Judiciary.+Subcommittee+to+Investigate+Juvenile+Delinquency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-moTAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA1101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hudak2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hudak2016_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Hudak2016" class="citation book cs1">John Hudak (October 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O9qACwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68"><i>Marijuana: A Short History</i></a>. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 68–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2907-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2907-5"><bdi>978-0-8157-2907-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pages=68-&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-2907-5&rft.au=John+Hudak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO9qACwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M.P.H.2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M.P.H.2016_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_T._Compton,_M.D.,_M.P.H.2016" class="citation book cs1">Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H. (March 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9YgJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45"><i>Marijuana and Mental Health</i></a>. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 45–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61537-008-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61537-008-5"><bdi>978-1-61537-008-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana+and+Mental+Health&rft.pages=45-&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Pub&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft.isbn=978-1-61537-008-5&rft.au=Michael+T.+Compton%2C+M.D.%2C+M.P.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9YgJDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Torgoff2004-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Torgoff2004_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Torgoff2004" class="citation book cs1">Martin Torgoff (May 13, 2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cantfindmywayhom00torg"><i>Can't Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age, 1945-2000</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cantfindmywayhom00torg/page/273">273</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5863-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5863-0"><bdi>978-0-7432-5863-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Can%27t+Find+My+Way+Home%3A+America+in+the+Great+Stoned+Age%2C+1945-2000&rft.pages=273-&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2004-05-13&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-5863-0&rft.au=Martin+Torgoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcantfindmywayhom00torg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ph.D.2018-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ph.D.2018_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_K._Mancillas_Ph.D.2018" class="citation book cs1">Linda K. Mancillas Ph.D. (January 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pjFEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53"><i>Presidents and Mass Incarceration: Choices at the Top, Repercussions at the Bottom</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 53–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5947-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5947-2"><bdi>978-1-4408-5947-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidents+and+Mass+Incarceration%3A+Choices+at+the+Top%2C+Repercussions+at+the+Bottom&rft.pages=53-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-5947-2&rft.au=Linda+K.+Mancillas+Ph.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpjFEDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lynch2016-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lynch2016_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMona_Lynch2016" class="citation book cs1">Mona Lynch (November 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lf4ZDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA21"><i>Hard Bargains: The Coercive Power of Drug Laws in Federal Court</i></a>. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 21–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61044-861-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61044-861-1"><bdi>978-1-61044-861-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hard+Bargains%3A+The+Coercive+Power+of+Drug+Laws+in+Federal+Court&rft.pages=21-&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-61044-861-1&rft.au=Mona+Lynch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlf4ZDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oig.justice.gov/special/9712/appc.htm">"CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA-Contra-Crack+Cocaine+Controversy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foig.justice.gov%2Fspecial%2F9712%2Fappc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/07/21/cocaine-sniffing-incident/9e5b6175-25a7-4169-8a8f-e12484aaa961/">"Cocaine - Sniffing Incident - The Washington Post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Cocaine+-+Sniffing+Incident+-+The+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1978%2F07%2F21%2Fcocaine-sniffing-incident%2F9e5b6175-25a7-4169-8a8f-e12484aaa961%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhitfordYates2009-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WhitfordYates2009_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_B._WhitfordJeff_Yates2009" class="citation book cs1">Andrew B. Whitford; Jeff Yates (September 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d8nNThWU5IcC&pg=PA54"><i>Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda: Constructing the War on Drugs</i></a>. JHU Press. pp. 54–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9346-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9346-9"><bdi>978-0-8018-9346-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Rhetoric+and+the+Public+Agenda%3A+Constructing+the+War+on+Drugs&rft.pages=54-&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2009-09-11&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-9346-9&rft.au=Andrew+B.+Whitford&rft.au=Jeff+Yates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd8nNThWU5IcC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TateTaylor2013-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TateTaylor2013_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatherine_TateJames_Lance_TaylorMark_Q._Sawyer2013" class="citation book cs1">Katherine Tate; James Lance Taylor; Mark Q. Sawyer (August 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hUptAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80"><i>Something's in the Air: Race, Crime, and the Legalization of Marijuana</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 80–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-01706-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-01706-4"><bdi>978-1-135-01706-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something%27s+in+the+Air%3A+Race%2C+Crime%2C+and+the+Legalization+of+Marijuana&rft.pages=80-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-135-01706-4&rft.au=Katherine+Tate&rft.au=James+Lance+Taylor&rft.au=Mark+Q.+Sawyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhUptAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmbry2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farmbry2014_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyle_Farmbry2014" class="citation book cs1">Kyle Farmbry (August 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-LZKBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA94"><i>The War on Poverty: A Retrospective</i></a>. Lexington Books. pp. 94–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-9079-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-9079-1"><bdi>978-0-7391-9079-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+on+Poverty%3A+A+Retrospective&rft.pages=94-&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-9079-1&rft.au=Kyle+Farmbry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-LZKBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Record-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Record_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman,_Russell2009" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, Russell (November 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/man-sets-marijuana-record-smokes-115000-joints-provided/story?id=9159281">"Man Sets Marijuana Record, Smokes 115,000 Joints Provided by Federal Government"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Man+Sets+Marijuana+Record%2C+Smokes+115%2C000+Joints+Provided+by+Federal+Government&rft.date=2009-11-24&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FBusiness%2Fman-sets-marijuana-record-smokes-115000-joints-provided%2Fstory%3Fid%3D9159281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jimmy1979-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jimmy1979_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter,_Jimmy1979" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Jimmy (January 1, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LVTVAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1329"><i>Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1978</i></a>. Best Books on. pp. 1329–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62376-770-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62376-770-9"><bdi>978-1-62376-770-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Papers+of+the+Presidents+of+the+United+States%3A+Jimmy+Carter%2C+1978&rft.pages=1329-&rft.pub=Best+Books+on&rft.date=1979-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-62376-770-9&rft.au=Carter%2C+Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLVTVAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeptember_08EDT" class="citation web cs1">September 08, Clark Collis; EDT, 2020 at 12:42 PM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/movies/jimmy-carter-documentary-willie-nelson/">"Watch Jimmy Carter talk about that time Willie Nelson smoked weed at the White House"</a>. <i>EW.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EW.com&rft.atitle=Watch+Jimmy+Carter+talk+about+that+time+Willie+Nelson+smoked+weed+at+the+White+House&rft.aulast=September+08&rft.aufirst=Clark+Collis&rft.au=EDT%2C+2020+at+12%3A42+PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fmovies%2Fjimmy-carter-documentary-willie-nelson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+policy+of+the+Jimmy+Carter+administration" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/09/11/jimmy-carter-admits-son-chip-carter-smoked-weed-with-willie-nelson-at-white-house/">"Jimmy Carter Talks About His Son Smoking Weed With Willie Nelson on the White House Roof - Washingtonian"</a>. September 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template:Jimmy_Carter" title="Template:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jimmy_Carter" title="Template talk:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jimmy_Carter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jimmy_Carter881" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">39th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1977–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">76th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> (1971–1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senator</a> (1963–1967)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidential transition of Jimmy Carter">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Inauguration of Jimmy Carter">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1977)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1977)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1978)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1978)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1979)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1979)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)#January_1981" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">January 1981</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Political positions of Jimmy Carter">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Jimmy Carter judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of executive actions by Jimmy Carter">Executive Actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12036" title="Executive Order 12036">Executive Order 12036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12086" title="Executive Order 12086">Executive Order 12086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12148" title="Executive Order 12148">Executive Order 12148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12170" title="Executive Order 12170">Executive Order 12170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12172" title="Executive Order 12172">Executive Order 12172</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_bonds" title="Carter bonds">Carter bonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_rabbit_incident" title="Jimmy Carter rabbit incident">Rabbit incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catoctin_Mountain_Park_Run" title="Catoctin Mountain Park Run">Catoctin Mountain Park Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">Torrijos–Carter Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter%27s_engagement_with_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini">Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Diplomatic relations with China</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldwater_v._Carter" title="Goldwater v. Carter">Goldwater v. Carter</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Reform_Act_of_1978" title="Civil Service Reform Act of 1978">Civil Service Reform Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)" title="Senior Executive Service (United States)">Senior Executive Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of international presidential trips made by Jimmy Carter">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980 Summer Olympics boycott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act" title="Community Reinvestment Act">Community Reinvestment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">Airline Deregulation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depository_Institutions_Deregulation_and_Monetary_Control_Act" title="Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act">Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Reform_Act_of_1977" title="Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977">Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Fund_Transfer_Act" title="Electronic Fund Transfer Act">Electronic Fund Transfer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Debt_Collection_Practices_Act" title="Fair Debt Collection Practices Act">Fair Debt Collection Practices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Institutions_Regulatory_and_Interest_Rate_Control_Act_of_1978" title="Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978">Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Financial_Privacy_Act" title="Right to Financial Privacy Act">Right to Financial Privacy Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey%E2%80%93Hawkins_Full_Employment_Act" title="Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act">Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977" title="Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar power at the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/100px-Carter_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/150px-Carter_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/200px-Carter_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1490" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Equivalent_of_War_speech" title="Moral Equivalent of War speech">Moral Equivalent of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Stability_(speech)" title="Island of Stability (speech)">Island of Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Crisis_of_Confidence_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="A Crisis of Confidence speech">A Crisis of Confidence</a></li> <li>State of the Union Addresses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1978 State of the Union Address">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1979 State of the Union Address">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1980 State of the Union Address">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1981 State of the Union Address">1981</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Electoral history of Jimmy Carter">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Georgia gubernatorial elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Georgia gubernatorial election">1970</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic Party presidential primaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic National Conventions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential debates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1976 United States presidential debates">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1980 United States presidential debates">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter">Post-presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_%26_Rosalynn_Carter_Work_Project" title="Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project">Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_House" title="Jimmy Carter House">Jimmy Carter House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_Agreement,_1999" title="Nairobi Agreement, 1999">Nairobi Agreement, 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Government_Commission" title="Continuity of Government Commission">Continuity of Government Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Bibliography of Jimmy Carter">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Everything_to_Gain:_Making_the_Most_of_the_Rest_of_Your_Life" title="Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life">Everything to Gain</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hornet%27s_Nest_(novel)" title="The Hornet's Nest (novel)">The Hornet's Nest</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</a></i> (2006) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Commentary on Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">reaction and commentary</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_White_House" title="Beyond the White House">Beyond the White House</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Can_Have_Peace_in_the_Holy_Land" title="We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land">We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_House_Diary" title="White House Diary">White House Diary</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Call_to_Action:_Women,_Religion,_Violence,_and_Power" title="A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power">A Call to Action</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life" title="A Full Life">A Full Life</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of awards and honors received by Jimmy Carter">Awards<br />and honors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Liberty Medal">Philadelphia Liberty Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Award" title="Christopher Award">Christopher Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter%E2%80%93Menil_Human_Rights_Prize" title="Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize">Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Peanut_Statue" title="Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue">Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jimmy_Carter" title="USS Jimmy Carter">USS <i>Jimmy Carter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Statue of Jimmy Carter">Georgia State Capitol statue</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plains,_Georgia" title="Plains, Georgia">Plains, Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_G._Carter_Nursing_Center" title="Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_House" title="Jimmy Carter House">Home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince_(nanny)" title="Mary Prince (nanny)">Mary Prince</a> (nanny)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_UFO_incident" title="Jimmy Carter UFO incident">UFO incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_(film)" title="Jimmy Carter (film)">Jimmy Carter</a></i> (2002 television documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_from_Plains" title="Man from Plains">Man from Plains</a></i> (2007 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_dracunculiasis" title="Eradication of dracunculiasis">Eradication of dracunculiasis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mush_from_the_Wimp" title="Mush from the Wimp">Mush from the Wimp</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Carter_(politician)" title="Jack Carter (politician)">Jack Carter</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy Carter</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Carter_(politician)" title="Jason Carter (politician)">Jason Carter</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Sr." title="James Earl Carter Sr.">James Earl Carter Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gordy_Carter" title="Lillian Gordy Carter">Lillian Gordy Carter</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Carter_Spann" title="Gloria Carter Spann">Gloria Carter Spann</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Carter_Stapleton" title="Ruth Carter Stapleton">Ruth Carter Stapleton</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Carter" title="Billy Carter">Billy Carter</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dolvin" title="Emily Dolvin">Emily Dolvin</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carter" title="Hugh Carter">Hugh Carter</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">← Gerald Ford</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jimmy_Carter" title="Category:Jimmy Carter">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannabis_policies_of_U.S._presidential_administrations54" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._presidential_cannabis_policy" title="Template:U.S. presidential cannabis policy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._presidential_cannabis_policy" title="Template talk:U.S. presidential cannabis policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._presidential_cannabis_policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. presidential cannabis policy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannabis_policies_of_U.S._presidential_administrations54" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cannabis policies of U.S. presidential administrations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">F. D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Gerald_Ford_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Gerald Ford administration">Ford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration">George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabis policy of the Bill Clinton administration (page does not exist)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabis policy of the George W. Bush administration (page does not exist)">George W. 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