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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-예문" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#예문"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>예문</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-예문-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">쿠만어</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 32개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لغة الكومان – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الكومان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_cumano" title="Idioma cumano – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma cumano" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuman_dili" title="Kuman dili – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kuman dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کومان تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کومان تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кумански език – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кумански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="কুমান ভাষা – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুমান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Куманийн мотт – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Куманийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuman_tili" title="Kuman tili – 크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kuman tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cuman language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polova_lingvo" title="Polova lingvo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Polova lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_cumano" title="Idioma cumano – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma cumano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couman" title="Couman – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Couman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanski_jezik" title="Kumanski jezik – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kumanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Կումաներեն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կումաներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kuman" title="Bahasa Kuman – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Kuman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_cumana" title="Lingua cumana – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua cumana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E_(%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF)" title="クマン語 (チュルク) – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クマン語 (チュルク)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Құман тілі – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құман тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Cumanica" title="Lingua Cumanica – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Cumanica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuman%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kumanų kalba – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kumanų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кумански јазик – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кумански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumansk" title="Kumansk – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kumansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coman" title="Coman – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_cumana" title="Língua cumana – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua cumana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_cuman%C4%83" title="Limba cumană – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba cumană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Половецкий язык – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Половецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_kumane" title="Gjuha kumane – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha kumane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кумански језик – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кумански језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuma%C5%84sk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Kumańskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kumańskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanca" title="Kumanca – 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항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <table class="infobox"> <caption style="border-top: 0.35em solid yellowgreen; border-bottom: 0.35em solid yellowgreen; margin: 0.25em 0em 0.5em 0em;">쿠만어 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">사용 지역 </span> </th> <td><span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A4%EC%83%A4%EA%B7%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿤샤그 (없는 문서)">쿤샤그</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuns%C3%A1g" class="extiw" title="en:Kunság">영어판</a>)</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">사멸 </span> </th> <td>1770년 <span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B2%84%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%88%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="버로 이슈트반 (없는 문서)">버로 이슈트반</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Varr%C3%B3" class="extiw" title="fr:István Varró">프랑스어판</a>)</span></span>의 사망 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">문자 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90" title="로마자">로마자</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="어족">언어 계통</a> </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="튀르크어족">튀르크어족</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="킵차크어파">킵차크어파</a><br />  킵차크-쿠만어군<br />   쿠만어<br />    <b>쿠만어</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:yellowgreen; color:black;">언어 부호 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> </th> <td><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/qwm" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:qwm">qwm</a></code> 쿠만어 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A8%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8" title="글로톨로그">글로톨로그</a> </span> </th> <td><samp><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/none">none</a></samp><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>쿠만어</b>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%9D%B8" title="쿠만인">쿠만인</a>이 사용하던 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="튀르크어족">튀르크어족</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="킵차크어파">킵차크어파</a> 언어이며, 오늘날의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="크림 타타르어">크림 타타르어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%9C%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="카라차이발카르어">카라차이발카르어</a> 등 킵차크-쿠만 언어와 밀접한 관련이 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%9C" title="쿠만의 서">쿠만의 서</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%EB%94%95%EB%8F%84%ED%9A%8C" title="베네딕도회">베네딕도회</a> 수도사 요한네스 그라핑의 필기장 등을 비롯하여 몇몇 중세 작품에 문서화되어 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Codex_Cumanicus_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Codex_Cumanicus_001.jpg/220px-Codex_Cumanicus_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Codex_Cumanicus_001.jpg/330px-Codex_Cumanicus_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Codex_Cumanicus_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>쿠만의 서</figcaption></figure> <p>쿠만인은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="킵차크 칸국">킵차크 칸국</a>이 들어서기 전에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%ED%95%B4" title="흑해">흑해</a> 북부와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="동유럽">동유럽</a> 스텝에 살던 유목민들이었다. 쿠만인은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="크림타타르인">크림타타르인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="카라차이인">카라차이인</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%AF%B8%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="쿠미크인">쿠미크인</a>을 포함한 다른 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="튀르크계 (없는 문서)">튀르크계</a> 민족의 공통 조상이다. 오늘날 이 민족들이 사용하는 여러 킵차크-쿠만계 언어는 쿠만어와 관련이 있다. </p><p>쿠만어는 그 마지막 본거지인 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC" title="헝가리">헝가리</a>의 <span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A4%EC%83%A4%EA%B7%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿤샤그 (없는 문서)">쿤샤그</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuns%C3%A1g" class="extiw" title="en:Kunság">영어판</a>)</span></span> 지방에서 18세기 초에 사멸되었다. <span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B0%A8%EA%B7%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="카르차그 (없는 문서)">카르차그</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karcag" class="extiw" title="en:Karcag">영어판</a>)</span></span>에 거주하던 <span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B2%84%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%88%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="버로 이슈트반 (없는 문서)">버로 이슈트반</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Varr%C3%B3" class="extiw" title="fr:István Varró">프랑스어판</a>)</span></span>(1770년 사망)이 마지막 화자로 알려져있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="예문"><span id=".EC.98.88.EB.AC.B8"></span>예문</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 예문"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>다음은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%9C" title="쿠만의 서">쿠만의 서</a>에 나와있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%98%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="주님의 기도">주님의 기도</a>를 <span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%ED%86%B5_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="공통 튀르크 로마자 (없는 문서)">공통 튀르크 로마자</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet" class="extiw" title="en:Common Turkic Alphabet">영어판</a>)</span></span>으로 전사한 것이다. </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span lang="qwm">Atamız kim köktesiñ. Alğışlı bolsun seniñ atıñ, kelsin seniñ xanlığıñ, bolsun seniñ tilemekiñ – neçik kim kökte, alay [da] yerde. Kündeki ötmegimizni bizge bugün bergil. Dağı yazuqlarımıznı bizge boşatqıl – neçik biz boşatırbız bizge yaman etkenlerge. Dağı yekniñ sınamaqına bizni quurmağıl. Basa barça yamandan bizni qutxarğıl. Amen!</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, 편집. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/none">〈{{{영어이름}}}〉</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A8%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8" title="글로톨로그">Glottolog 4.8</a>》. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%7B%7B%7B%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84%7D%7D%7D&rft.btitle=Glottolog+4.8&rft.place=Jena%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft.date=2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Knauer, Georg Nicholaus (2010). “The Earliest Vocabulary of Romani Words (c. 1515) in the Collectanea of Johannes ex Grafing, a student of Johannes Reuchlin and Conrad Celtis”. 《Romani Studies》 <b>20</b> (1): 1–15. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3828%2Frs.2010.1">10.3828/rs.2010.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170292032">170292032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Romani+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Earliest+Vocabulary+of+Romani+Words+%28c.+1515%29+in+the+Collectanea+of+Johannes+ex+Grafing%2C+a+student+of+Johannes+Reuchlin+and+Conrad+Celtis&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Frs.2010.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170292032&rft.aulast=Knauer&rft.aufirst=Georg+Nicholaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kuun; Géza; 외. (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/codexcumanicusbi00kuunuoft">“Codex cumanicus, Bibliothecae ad templum divi Marci Venetiarum primum ex integro editit prolegomenis notis et compluribus glossariis instruxit comes Géza Kuun”</a>. Budapest: XLIX<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 8월 11일에 확인함</span> – Archive.org 경유.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Codex+cumanicus%2C+Bibliothecae+ad+templum+divi+Marci+Venetiarum+primum+ex+integro+editit+prolegomenis+notis+et+compluribus+glossariis+instruxit+comes+G%C3%A9za+Kuun&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=XLIX&rft.date=1880&rft.au=Kuun&rft.au=G%C3%A9za&rft.au=Unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcodexcumanicusbi00kuunuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016110753/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/JPN-cuman.html">우크라이나 쿠만어 글</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231448/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/JPN-cuman-hungary.html">헝가리 쿠만어로 쓰인 주님의 기도</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.kz/qypchaq/Memorials-En.htm">중세 킵차크 문헌</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li:after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li:after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li:after{content:", ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash li:after{content:" / ";font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="틀:튀르크어족"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:튀르크어족 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="특수:문서편집/틀:튀르크어족"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="튀르크어족" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="튀르크어족">튀르크어족</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B5%AC%EC%A6%88%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="오구즈어파">오구즈어파</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%98%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%82%B0_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="호라산 튀르크어 (없는 문서)">호라산 튀르크어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%98%EC%96%B4" title="투르크멘어">투르크멘어</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B8%EB%A3%A8%ED%9D%90%EB%A9%98%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="트루흐멘어 (없는 문서)">트루흐멘어</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EC%83%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아프샤르어 (없는 문서)">아프샤르어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="카슈카이어">카슈카이어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%94%EC%96%B4" title="아제르바이잔어">아제르바이잔어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%9C%EC%B9%B8_%EA%B0%80%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="발칸 가가우즈어 (없는 문서)">발칸 가가우즈어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%9C%EC%B9%B8_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="발칸 튀르키예어 (없는 문서)">발칸 튀르키예어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EC%96%B4" title="가가우즈어">가가우즈어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%96%B4" title="튀르키예어">튀르키예어</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="고아나톨리아 튀르크어 (없는 문서)">고아나톨리아 튀르크어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="오스만 튀르크어">오스만 튀르크어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿠르베트어 (없는 문서)">쿠르베트어</a>²</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="살라르어">살라르어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EC%B2%B4%EB%84%A4%EA%B7%B8%EC%96%B4" title="페체네그어">페체네그어</a>†¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="킵차크어파">킵차크어파</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="바시키르어">바시키르어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="타타르어">타타르어</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="고대 타타르어 (없는 문서)">고대 타타르어</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아르메니아 킵차크어 (없는 문서)">아르메니아 킵차크어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="크림 타타르어">크림 타타르어</a>¹</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">쿠만어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%9C%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="카라차이발카르어">카라차이발카르어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%84%EC%96%B4" title="카라임어">카라임어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="크림차크어">크림차크어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%AF%B8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="쿠미크어">쿠미크어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%98%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%AC_%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="맘루크 킵차크어 (없는 문서)">맘루크 킵차크어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%B8%EC%96%B4" title="우룸어">우룸어</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%82%98_%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="페르가나 킵차크어 (없는 문서)">페르가나 킵차크어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="키르기스어">키르기스어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%80_%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="남부 알타이어 (없는 문서)">남부 알타이어</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="시베리아 타타르어">시베리아 타타르어</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%9E%90_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="도브루자 타타르어 (없는 문서)">도브루자 타타르어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%BC%ED%8C%8C%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="카라칼파크어">카라칼파크어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%96%B4" title="카자흐어">카자흐어</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BD%94%ED%81%AC%EB%AA%AC%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="코크몬차크어 (없는 문서)">코크몬차크어</a>²</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="노가이어">노가이어</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="카를루크어파">카를루크어파</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="우즈베크어">우즈베크어</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%80_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="남부 우즈베크어 (없는 문서)">남부 우즈베크어</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="위구르어">위구르어</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%98%B8%ED%86%A4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="호톤어 (없는 문서)">호톤어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%84%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="로프어 (없는 문서)">로프어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%97%88%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="허저우어 (없는 문서)">허저우어</a>²</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="일리 튀르크어 (없는 문서)">일리 튀르크어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EC%9D%B4%EB%88%84%EC%96%B4" title="애이누어">애이누어</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EA%B0%80%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="차가타이어">차가타이어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="카라한어 (없는 문서)">카라한어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EB%A0%88%EC%A6%98_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="화레즘 튀르크어 (없는 문서)">화레즘 튀르크어</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="시베리아 튀르크어파">시베리아 튀르크어파</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EA%B0%84%EC%96%B4" title="돌간어">돌간어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%BF%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4" title="야쿠트어">야쿠트어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B6%9C%EB%A6%BC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="출림어 (없는 문서)">출림어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%96%B4" title="투바어">투바어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%91%90%ED%95%98%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="두하어 (없는 문서)">두하어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%ED%8C%8C%EC%96%B4" title="토파어">토파어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%94%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="소요트어 (없는 문서)">소요트어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%91%B8%EC%9C%84_%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="푸위 키르기스어">푸위 키르기스어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="하카스어">하카스어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EB%B6%80_%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북부 알타이어 (없는 문서)">북부 알타이어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="쇼르어">쇼르어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%B6%80_%EC%9C%A0%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="서부 유구르어">서부 유구르어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="고대 튀르크어">고대 튀르크어</a>† <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%98%BC_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="오르혼 튀르크어 (없는 문서)">오르혼 튀르크어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="고대 위구르어 (없는 문서)">고대 위구르어</a>†</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EA%B5%AC%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아르구어파 (없는 문서)">아르구어파</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%80%EC%96%B4" title="할라지어">할라지어</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="오구르어파">오구르어파</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%95%84%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="투르크 아바르어 (없는 문서)">투르크 아바르어</a>†¹</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="하자르어 (없는 문서)">하자르어</a>†¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%88%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="훈어">훈어</a>†¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="불가르어">불가르어</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%96%B4" title="추바시어">추바시어</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사바르어 (없는 문서)">사바르어</a>†¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>¹소속 어파가 불분명한 언어, ²<a href="/wiki/%ED%98%BC%ED%95%A9_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="혼합 언어">혼합 언어</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" 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