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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Langue pluricentrique</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 36 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurisentriese_taal" title="Plurisentriese taal – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plurisentriese taal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة متعددة المركزية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة متعددة المركزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluarizentrische_Schbrochn" title="Pluarizentrische Schbrochn – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pluarizentrische Schbrochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Плурицентричен език – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плурицентричен език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_lieskreizennek" title="Yezh lieskreizennek – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh lieskreizennek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_pluric%C3%A8ntrica" title="Llengua pluricèntrica – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua pluricèntrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycentrick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Polycentrický jazyk – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polycentrický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurizentrische_Sprache" title="Plurizentrische Sprache – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Plurizentrische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentric_language" title="Pluricentric language – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pluricentric language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pluric%C3%A9ntrico" title="Idioma pluricéntrico – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma pluricéntrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان چندکانونی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چندکانونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बहुकेन्द्रीय भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुकेन्द्रीय भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Policentrični standardni jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_polisentris" title="Bahasa polisentris – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa polisentris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="複数中心地言語 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="複数中心地言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_pluris%C3%A8ntris" title="Basa plurisèntris – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa plurisèntris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="다중심언어 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다중심언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pluricentrica" title="Lingua pluricentrica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua pluricentrica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полицентричен јазик – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полицентричен јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ബഹുകേന്ദ്രീകൃത ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹുകേന്ദ്രീകൃത ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentrische_taal" title="Pluricentrische taal – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pluricentrische taal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_pluricentryczne" title="Języki pluricentryczne – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki pluricentryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_pluric%C3%AAntrica" title="Língua pluricêntrica – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua pluricêntrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Плюрицентрический язык – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плюрицентрический язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_pluritzentrica" title="Limba pluritzentrica – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba pluritzentrica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincuaggiu_pluric%C3%A8ntricu" title="Lincuaggiu pluricèntricu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lincuaggiu pluricèntricu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Policentrični standardni jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentrick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Pluricentrický jazyk – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pluricentrický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_policentrike" title="Gjuha policentrike – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha policentrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полицентрични језик – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полицентрични језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentriskt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Pluricentriskt språk – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pluricentriskt språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาพหุศูนย์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาพหุศูนย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurisentrikong_wika" title="Plurisentrikong wika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Plurisentrikong wika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ok_merkezli_dil" title="Çok merkezli dil – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çok merkezli dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Плюрицентрична мова – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плюрицентрична мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="多中心語言 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多中心語言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250858#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Ne doit pas être confondu avec <a href="/wiki/Langue_polynomique" title="Langue polynomique">Langue polynomique</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Phonetik.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/45px-Phonetik.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/68px-Phonetik.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/90px-Phonetik.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="39" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>Une <b>langue pluricentrique</b> ou <b>polycentrique</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est, dans la <a href="/wiki/Synchronie_et_diachronie" title="Synchronie et diachronie">linguistique synchronique</a>, une langue avec plusieurs <a href="/wiki/Langue_standard" title="Langue standard">variétés standard</a>. Dans la <a href="/wiki/Synchronie_et_diachronie" title="Synchronie et diachronie">linguistique diachronique</a>, une <b>langue pluricentrique</b> est une langue qui a été influencée dans son développement par plusieurs centres linguistiques d'importance comparable. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglais">Anglais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Anglais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Anglais"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">anglais</a> possède des normes différentes pour le <a href="/wiki/Anglais_britannique" title="Anglais britannique">Royaume-Uni</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Anglais_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Anglais américain">États-Unis</a>. Il est considéré comme une langue pluricentrique symétrique étant donné l'égale importance des deux variétés linguistiques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allemand">Allemand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Allemand" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Allemand"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">allemand</a> est une langue pluricentrique asymétrique avec des normes différentes pour l'<a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Suisse_allemand" title="Suisse allemand">Suisse</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Allemand_autrichien" title="Allemand autrichien">Autriche</a>, mais la norme allemande est la forme prédominante. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catalan">Catalan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Catalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Catalan"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> possède deux normes écrites différentes : celle de l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_catalanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'études catalanes">Institut d'études catalanes</a> prévaut en <a href="/wiki/Catalogne" title="Catalogne">Catalogne proprement dite</a>, ainsi qu'aux <a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A9ares" class="mw-redirect" title="Baléares">Baléares</a> (où elle connaît quelques légères différences locales), en <a href="/wiki/Andorre" title="Andorre">Andorre</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Catalogne_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalogne Nord">Catalogne Nord</a> et dans la <a href="/wiki/Frange_d%27Aragon" title="Frange d'Aragon">Frange d'Aragon</a> ; tandis que celle de l'<a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_valencienne_de_la_langue" title="Académie valencienne de la langue">Académie valencienne de la langue</a> prédomine dans le <a href="/wiki/Pays_Valencien" class="mw-redirect" title="Pays Valencien">Pays Valencien</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occitan">Occitan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Occitan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Occitan"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’<a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a> possède plusieurs systèmes graphiques et plusieurs standards régionaux voire locaux en usage parallèle : l’<a href="/wiki/Auvergnat" title="Auvergnat">auvergnat</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a> (l'<a href="/wiki/Aranais" title="Aranais">aranais</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Languedocien" title="Languedocien">languedocien</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Limousin_(dialecte)" title="Limousin (dialecte)">limousin</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" title="Provençal">provençal</a> (le <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" class="mw-redirect" title="Niçard">niçard</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Vivaro-alpin" title="Vivaro-alpin">vivaro-alpin</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serbo-croate">Serbo-croate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Serbo-croate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Serbo-croate"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Serbo-croate" title="Serbo-croate">serbo-croate</a> possède des normes différentes pour la <a href="/wiki/Croatie" title="Croatie">Croatie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie">Serbie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine" title="Bosnie-Herzégovine">Bosnie-Herzégovine</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro" title="Monténégro">Monténégro</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> CLYNE, Michael (1992) (dir.) Pluricentric languages : differing norms in different nations, coll. Contributions to the sociology of language <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 62, Berlin / New York : Mouton de Gruyter</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> KLOSS, Heinz (1978) Die Entwicklung neuer germanischer Kultursprachen seit 1800, coll. Sprache der Gegenwart-Schriften des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 37, Düsseldorf : Schwann; Plurizentrische Hochsprachen : 66</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Snježana2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="KORDIĆ,_Snježana2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Snje%C5%BEana_Kordi%C4%87" title="Snježana Kordić">KORDIĆ, Snježana</a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="de">Plurizentrische Sprachen, Ausbausprachen, Abstandsprachen und die Serbokroatistik</cite> » [« <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">Langues pluricentriques, langues par élaboration, langues par distance et des études serbocroates</span> »], <i><span class="lang-de" lang="de">Zeitschrift für Balkanologie</span></i>, Wiesbaden, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 45, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">210–215</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0044-2356">0044-2356</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/680567046">680567046</a></span>, <span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeitschrift-fuer-balkanologie.de/index.php/zfb/article/view/203/203">lire en ligne</a> <small class="cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529002037/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/436361.AUSBAU-ABSTAND-PLURIZENTRISCH.PDF">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-05-29" data-sort-value="2012-05-29">29 mai 2012</time></a>]</small></span> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-20" data-sort-value="2019-10-20">20 octobre 2019</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Plurizentrische+Sprachen%2C+Ausbausprachen%2C+Abstandsprachen+und+die+Serbokroatistik&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Balkanologie&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=Snje%C5%BEana&rft.aufirst=KORDI%C4%86%2C&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=210%E2%80%93215&rft.issn=0044-2356&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F680567046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangue+pluricentrique"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Snježana2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="KORDIĆ,_Snježana2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Snje%C5%BEana_Kordi%C4%87" title="Snježana Kordić">KORDIĆ, Snježana</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Juan Cristóbal Díaz), <cite class="italique" lang="es">Lengua y Nacionalismo</cite> [« <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">La langue et le nationalisme</span> »], Madrid, Euphonía Ediciones, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-936668-8-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-936668-8-0"><span class="nowrap">978-84-936668-8-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euphoniaediciones.com/productos/lengua-y-nacionalismo/35">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euphoniaediciones.com/plataforma/libros/lengua-y-nacionalismo-17-89-7-2-1">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 416<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lengua+y+Nacionalismo&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Euphon%C3%ADa+Ediciones&rft.aulast=Snje%C5%BEana&rft.aufirst=KORDI%C4%86%2C&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=416&rft.isbn=978-84-936668-8-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangue+pluricentrique"></span></span></span></li> <li>SUMIEN, Domergue (2006), <i>La standardisation pluricentrique de l’occitan Nouvel enjeu sociolinguistique, développement du lexique et de la morphologie</i>, coll. Publications de l'Association Internationale d'Études Occitanes nº III, Turnhout : Brepols — Première version : thèse de 2004, Montpellier : Université Paul Valéry-Montpellier III, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-503-51989-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-503-51989-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-503-51989-0</span></a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_pluricentrique&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">William A. Stewart, <i>A Sociolinguistic Typology for Describing National Multilingualism</i>. In: Joshua Fishman (Hrsg.): Readings in the Sociology of Language. Mouton, The Hague, Paris 1968, S. 534, OCLC 306499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Heinz Kloss, <i>Abstandsprachen und Ausbausprachen</i>. In: Joachim Göschel, Norbert Nail, Gaston van der Elst (Hrsg.): Zur Theorie des Dialekts. Aufsätze aus 100 Jahren Forschung (= Zeitschrift fur Dialektologie and Linguistik, Beihefte. n.F., Heft 16). F. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1976, S. 310-312, OCLC 2598722</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Sumien (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kordić2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Snježana_Kordić2007"><a href="/wiki/Snje%C5%BEana_Kordi%C4%87" title="Snježana Kordić">Snježana <span class="nom_auteur">Kordić</span></a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">La langue croate, serbe, bosniaque et monténégrine</cite> », <i>Au sud de l'Est</i>, Paris, Non Lieu, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3,‎ <time>2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">71–78</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35270-036-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35270-036-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-35270-036-4</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/182916790">182916790</a></span>, <span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429734.LA_LANGUE_CROATE_SERBE.PDF">lire en ligne</a> <small class="cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69f5WqGAx">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-08-04" data-sort-value="2012-08-04">4 août 2012</time></a>]</small></span> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-20" data-sort-value="2019-10-20">20 octobre 2019</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+langue+croate%2C+serbe%2C+bosniaque+et+mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9grine&rft.jtitle=Au+sud+de+l%27Est&rft.aulast=Kordi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Snje%C5%BEana&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=71%E2%80%9378&rft.isbn=978-2-35270-036-4&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F182916790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangue+pluricentrique"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Listes_de_langues" title="Modèle:Palette Listes de langues"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Listes_de_langues&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">Listes de langues</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Typologie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">Par ordre alphabétique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">Par famille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_les_plus_puissantes" title="Langues les plus puissantes">Par puissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_hi%C3%A9rarchique_des_langues" title="Liste hiérarchique des langues">Par hiérarchisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_universelle" title="Langue universelle">Par universalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_internationale" title="Langue internationale">Par répartition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similarit%C3%A9_lexicale" title="Similarité lexicale">Par proximité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligibilit%C3%A9_mutuelle" title="Intelligibilité mutuelle">Par intelligibilité</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Par variété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%A9criture" title="Système d'écriture">Par système d'écriture</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Géographie, pays et institutions</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique" title="Langues par zone géographique">Par zone géographique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_r%C3%A9gions_officiellement_multilingues" title="Liste des régions officiellement multilingues">Par régions multilingues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues_par_nombre_de_pays_utilisateurs" title="Liste de langues par nombre de pays utilisateurs">Par nombre total de pays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_langues_officielles" title="Liste des langues officielles">Par langues officielles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues_par_nombre_de_continents" title="Liste de langues par nombre de continents">Par continents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_langues_officielles_selon_les_institutions" title="Liste des langues officielles selon les institutions">Par institution internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_autorit%C3%A9s_linguistiques" title="Liste des autorités linguistiques">Par autorité normative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espaces_linguistiques" title="Espaces linguistiques">Par espace linguistique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rialisme_linguistique" title="Impérialisme linguistique">Par impérialisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Population</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues_par_nombre_total_de_locuteurs" title="Liste de langues par nombre total de locuteurs">Par nombre total de locuteurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_langues_par_nombre_de_locuteurs_natifs" title="Liste des langues par nombre de locuteurs natifs">Par nombre de locuteurs natifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_langues_les_plus_apprises" title="Liste des langues les plus apprises">Par nombre d'apprenants</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Vari%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_de_langues_du_monde" title="Modèle:Palette Variétés de langues du monde"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Vari%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_de_langues_du_monde&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Vari%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(linguistique)" title="Variété (linguistique)">Variétés</a> de <a href="/wiki/Langue_internationale" title="Langue internationale">langues internationales</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pluricentrisme des langues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabe_dialectal" title="Arabe dialectal">Arabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">Allemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_variations_r%C3%A9gionales_de_l%27anglais" title="Liste de variations régionales de l'anglais">Anglais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinois_parl%C3%A9" title="Chinois parlé">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialectologie_de_la_langue_espagnole" title="Dialectologie de la langue espagnole">Espagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vari%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_r%C3%A9gionales_du_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Variétés régionales du français">Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceinture_hindie" title="Ceinture hindie">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_mala%C3%AFques" title="Langues malaïques">Malais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialectes_n%C3%A9erlandais" title="Dialectes néerlandais">Néerlandaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugais#Dialectes" title="Portugais">Portugais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialectes_russes" title="Dialectes russes">Russe</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail des langues"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/24px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/36px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/48px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail:Langues">Portail des langues</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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