CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Amman - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3ae8eb96-6aa7-4d71-90ec-77399af78e71","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Amman","wgTitle":"Amman","wgCurRevisionId":1257587407,"wgRevisionId":1257587407,"wgArticleId":45007,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Bosnian-language sources (bs)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Use dmy dates from January 2023","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters","Articles containing Arabic-language text", "Pages with Arabic IPA","Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Amman","Capitals in Asia","Levant","Populated places in Amman Governorate","Populated places established in 1878","Populated places established in the 8th millennium BC"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Amman","wgRelevantArticleId":45007,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Amman,_Jordan","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode": "en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Amman","wgCoordinates":{"lat":31.949722222222224,"lon":35.93277777777777},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3805","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles": "ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/New_Abdali_2024.png/1200px-New_Abdali_2024.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/New_Abdali_2024.png/800px-New_Abdali_2024.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/New_Abdali_2024.png/640px-New_Abdali_2024.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Amman - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Amman rootpage-Amman skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Amman" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Amman" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Amman" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Amman" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neolithic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neolithic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Neolithic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neolithic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age:_the_Ammonites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age:_the_Ammonites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Iron Age: the Ammonites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age:_the_Ammonites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Classical period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_era_(7th–15th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_era_(7th–15th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Islamic era (7th–15th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_era_(7th–15th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era_(1878–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era_(1878–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern era (1878–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era_(1878–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Banking_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banking_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Banking sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banking_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-rise_construction_and_towers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-rise_construction_and_towers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>High-rise construction and towers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-rise_construction_and_towers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Lifestyle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Media and music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus_and_taxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_and_taxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Bus and taxi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_and_taxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 164 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95" title="አማን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አማን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="عمان (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمان (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amm%C3%A1n" title="Ammán – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ammán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܥܡܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܡܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ամման – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ամման" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1n" title="Amán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A3" title="Amã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Amã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="امان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আম্মান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আম্মান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Аман (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аман (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Аман (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аман (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨམ་མན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨམ་མན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman_(ulohang_dakbayan_sa_Hordan)" title="Amman (ulohang dakbayan sa Hordan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amman (ulohang dakbayan sa Hordan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amm%C3%A1n" title="Ammán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ammán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Αμμάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1n" title="Amán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amano" title="Amano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1n" title="Amán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%EB%A7%8C" title="암만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ամման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अम्मान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अम्मान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="עמאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಮ್ಮಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮ್ಮಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ამანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A0n" title="Amàn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Amàn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emman" title="Emman – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Emman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_(Iordania)" title="Philadelphia (Iordania) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philadelphia (Iordania)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amm%C4%81na" title="Ammāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ammāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanas" title="Amanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amm%C3%A1n" title="Ammán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ammán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अम्मान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अम्मान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аман – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="അമ്മാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമ്മാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अम्मान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अम्मान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ამანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87)" title="عمان (مدينه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عمان (مدينه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="امان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman_(stad)" title="Amman (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amman (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अम्मान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अम्मान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="アンマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ӏамман – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏамман" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਮਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="عمان (اردن) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عمان (اردن)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A3" title="Amã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-man" title="An-man – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="An-man" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱟᱢᱢᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱢᱢᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amani" title="Amani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عمان، اردن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عمان، اردن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amm%C3%A1n" title="Ammán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ammán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عەممان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عەممان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அம்மான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அம்மான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90emman" title="Ɛemman – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ɛemman" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อัมมาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัมมาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аммон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аммон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1)" title="عمان (شہر) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمان (شہر)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئاممان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاممان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9B%BC" title="安曼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="安曼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9B%BC" title="安曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="安曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F,_%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אמאן, יארדאניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמאן, יארדאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9B%BC" title="安曼 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="安曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amans" title="Amans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Amans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9B%BC" title="安曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Amman" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3805#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Amman" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amman"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amman"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Amman" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Amman" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&oldid=1257587407" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Amman&id=1257587407&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmman"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmman"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Amman&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Amman" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Amman" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Amman" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3805" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amman&params=31_56_59_N_35_55_58_E_region:JO-AM_type:city(4300000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°56′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°55′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.94972°N 35.93278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.94972; 35.93278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman,_Jordan&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Amman, Jordan">Amman, Jordan</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of Jordan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amman (disambiguation)">Amman (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"عمان" redirects here. For the country with the same spelling in Arabic, see <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Amman Governorate, Jordan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Amman</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">عَمَّان</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Capital city</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Abdali_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/New_Abdali_2024.png/258px-New_Abdali_2024.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/New_Abdali_2024.png/387px-New_Abdali_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/New_Abdali_2024.png/516px-New_Abdali_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/New_Abdali" title="New Abdali">New Abdali</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Abdullah_I_Mosque_with_Our_Lady_Church_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/King_Abdullah_I_Mosque_with_Our_Lady_Church_%28cropped%29.jpg/145px-King_Abdullah_I_Mosque_with_Our_Lady_Church_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/King_Abdullah_I_Mosque_with_Our_Lady_Church_%28cropped%29.jpg/218px-King_Abdullah_I_Mosque_with_Our_Lady_Church_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/King_Abdullah_I_Mosque_with_Our_Lady_Church_%28cropped%29.jpg/290px-King_Abdullah_I_Mosque_with_Our_Lady_Church_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5678" data-file-height="3192" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_I_Mosque" title="King Abdullah I Mosque">King Abdullah I Mosque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_(Jordan)" title="Virgin Mary Coptic Orthodox Church (Jordan)">Virgin Mary Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman_Roman_Theater_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Amman_Roman_Theater_1.jpg/109px-Amman_Roman_Theater_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Amman_Roman_Theater_1.jpg/164px-Amman_Roman_Theater_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Amman_Roman_Theater_1.jpg/218px-Amman_Roman_Theater_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Theatre_(Amman)" title="Roman Theatre (Amman)">Roman Theater</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hashemite_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite Plaza">Hashemite Plaza</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_2.jpg/143px-%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_2.jpg/215px-%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_2.jpg/286px-%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Palace" title="Umayyad Palace">Umayyad Palace</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Amman_Citadel" title="Amman Citadel">Amman Citadel</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg/111px-Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg/167px-Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg/222px-Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1285" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_(Amman)" title="Temple of Hercules (Amman)">Temple of Hercules</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdoun_Bridge_(7).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg/258px-Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg/387px-Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg/516px-Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3886" data-file-height="1379" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Abdoun_Bridge" title="Abdoun Bridge">Abdoun Bridge</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Amman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Amman"><img alt="Flag of Amman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Amman.svg/100px-Flag_of_Amman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Amman.svg/150px-Flag_of_Amman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Amman.svg/200px-Flag_of_Amman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Amman" title="Flag of Amman">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ammanlogo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Amman"><img alt="Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Ammanlogo.png/89px-Ammanlogo.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Ammanlogo.png/134px-Ammanlogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Ammanlogo.png/178px-Ammanlogo.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="334" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>The White Pigeon</li><li>The City of Stairs</li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StFood_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StFood-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Amman"><img alt="Location of Amman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png/250px-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png/375px-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png/500px-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="716" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Jordanien.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Amman is located in Jordan"><img alt="Amman is located in Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Reliefkarte_Jordanien.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Jordanien.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Reliefkarte_Jordanien.png/375px-Reliefkarte_Jordanien.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Reliefkarte_Jordanien.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Jordanien.png 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="2569" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.234%;left:24.626%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Amman"><img alt="Amman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Amman</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Jordan</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediterranean_Sea_East_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amman is located in Eastern Mediterranean"><img alt="Amman is located in Eastern Mediterranean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mediterranean_Sea_East_location_map.svg/250px-Mediterranean_Sea_East_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mediterranean_Sea_East_location_map.svg/375px-Mediterranean_Sea_East_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mediterranean_Sea_East_location_map.svg/500px-Mediterranean_Sea_East_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="765" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.225%;left:51.354%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Amman"><img alt="Amman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Amman</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Eastern Mediterranean</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amman is located in Asia"><img alt="Amman is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.229%;left:8.066%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Amman"><img alt="Amman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Amman</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amman&params=31_56_59_N_35_55_58_E_region:JO-AM_type:city(4300000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°56′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°55′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.94972°N 35.93278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.94972; 35.93278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Jordan" title="Governorates of Jordan">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amman_Governorate" title="Amman Governorate">Amman Governorate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Amman_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Amman Municipality">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1909</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Amman" title="List of mayors of Amman">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yousef_Shawarbeh" title="Yousef Shawarbeh">Yousef Shawarbeh</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,680 km<sup>2</sup> (650 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,100 m (3,600 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">700 m (2,300 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,061,150</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,380/km<sup>2</sup> (6,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ammani</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">11110-17198</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+962(6)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/index.asp">ammancity.gov.jo</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amman</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">MAHN</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ah-<span style="font-size:90%">MAHN</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَمَّان</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿAmmān</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ʕaˈmːaːn]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Lipiński_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipiński-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital and the largest city of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a population of four million as of 2021, Amman is Jordan's <a href="/wiki/Primate_city" title="Primate city">primate city</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_the_Levant_region_by_population" title="List of largest cities in the Levant region by population">largest city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> region, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_the_Arab_world" title="List of largest cities in the Arab world">fifth-largest city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East">tenth-largest metropolitan area</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RefC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RefC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest evidence of settlement in Amman dates to the 8th millennium BC in <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">'Ain Ghazal</a>, home to the world's <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAin_Ghazal_statues" class="mw-redirect" title="ʿAin Ghazal statues">oldest statues of the human form</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, the city was known as <i>Rabat Aman</i>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammonite Kingdom</a>. In the 3rd century BC, the city was renamed <i>Philadelphia</i> and became one of the ten Greco-Roman cities of the <a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a>. Later, in the 7th century AD, the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> renamed the city Amman. Throughout most of the Islamic era, the city alternated between periods of devastation and periods of relative prosperity. Amman was largely abandoned during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period from the 15th century until 1878, when it was resettled by Circassians. The city grew after it was connected to the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a> in 1904, leading to the formation of its first municipal council in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref12_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref12-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amman witnessed rapid growth after its designation as <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>'s capital in 1921, receiving migrations from different Jordanian and Levantine cities, and later several successive waves of refugees: <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> in 1948 and 1967; Iraqis in 1990 and 2003; and Syrians since 2011. It was initially built on <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_claimed_to_be_built_on_seven_hills" title="List of cities claimed to be built on seven hills">seven hills</a>, but now spans over 19 hills combining 22 areas,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref12_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref12-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Amman_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Amman Municipality">Greater Amman Municipality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areas of Amman have gained their names from either the hills (<i>jabal</i>) or the valleys (<i>wadi</i>) they occupy, such as <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Luweibdeh" title="Jabal al-Luweibdeh">Jabal al-Luweibdeh</a> and Wadi Abdoun.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref12_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref12-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East Amman is predominantly filled with historic sites that frequently host cultural activities, while West Amman is more modern and serves as the economic center of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately one million visitors arrived in Amman in 2018, which made it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_international_visitors" title="List of cities by international visitors">89th most-visited city</a> in the world and the 12th most-visited Arab city. Amman has a relatively fast growing economy<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is ranked as a Beta− <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, it was named one of the Middle East and North Africa's best cities according to economic, labor, environmental, and socio-cultural factors.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is among the most popular locations in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> for <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a> to set up their regional offices, alongside <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> and only behind <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dunia_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dunia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amman has a <a href="/wiki/Amman_Bus" title="Amman Bus">bus network</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Bus_Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus Rapid Transit">Bus Rapid Transit</a> (BRT) system that <a href="/wiki/Amman_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Amman Bus Rapid Transit">serves the city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amman-Zarqa_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Amman-Zarqa Bus Rapid Transit">connects to</a> neighboring <a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman derives its name from the ancient people of the <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammonites</a>, whose capital the city had been since the 13th century BC. The Ammonites named it <i>Rabat ʿAmmān</i> (𐤓𐤁𐤕 𐤏𐤌𐤍),<sup id="cite_ref-Lipiński_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipiński-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the term <i>Rabat</i> meaning the "Capital" or the "King's Quarters". In the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the town is referred to as <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Rabbaṯ Bənē ʿAmmōn</i></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">רַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן</span></span>) or simply <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Rabbā</i></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">רַבָּה</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it appears in English translations as "Rabbath Ammon". <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a>, the Macedonian ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a> who reigned from 283 to 246 BC, renamed the city "Philadelphia" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Φιλαδέλφεια</span>; literally: "<a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">brotherly love</a>"), after himself, after occupying it.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the Islamic era, the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> restored its ancient semitic name and called it Amman in the 7th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-about_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Amman" title="Timeline of Amman">Timeline of Amman</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neolithic_period">Neolithic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Neolithic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20100923_amman37.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20100923_amman37.JPG/220px-20100923_amman37.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20100923_amman37.JPG/330px-20100923_amman37.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20100923_amman37.JPG/440px-20100923_amman37.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAin_Ghazal_statues" class="mw-redirect" title="ʿAin Ghazal statues">ʿAin Ghazal statues</a> on display at the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Archaeological_Museum" title="Jordan Archaeological Museum">Jordan Archaeological Museum</a>, which are considered to be the oldest large-scale human statues ever found.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> site of <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">ʿAin Ghazal</a> today lies in the outskirts of Amman. At its height, around 7000 BC (9000 years ago), it had an area of 15 hectares (37 acres) and was inhabited by ca. 3000 people (four to five times the population of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Jericho</a>). At that time, the site was a typical <a href="/wiki/Aceramic" title="Aceramic">aceramic</a> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> village. Its houses were rectangular mud-bricked buildings that included a main square living room, whose walls were made up of lime plaster.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site was discovered in 1974 as construction workers were working on a road crossing the area. By 1982, when the excavations started, around 600 meters (2,000 feet) of road ran through the site. Despite the damage brought by urban expansion, the remains of ʿAin Ghazal provided a wealth of information.<sup id="cite_ref-gard_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gard-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ʿAin Ghazal is well known for a set of small human statues found in 1983, when local archeologists stumbled upon the edge of a large pit containing them.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These statues are human figures made with white plaster, with painted eyes. Thirty-two figures were found in two caches, fifteen of them full figures, fifteen busts, and two fragmentary heads. Three of the busts depicted two-headed characters, the significance of which is not clear.<sup id="cite_ref-gard_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gard-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_Age:_the_Ammonites">Iron Age: the Ammonites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iron Age: the Ammonites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rujm_Al-Malfouf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rujm_Al-Malfouf.jpg/220px-Rujm_Al-Malfouf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rujm_Al-Malfouf.jpg/330px-Rujm_Al-Malfouf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rujm_Al-Malfouf.jpg/440px-Rujm_Al-Malfouf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rujm_Al-Malfouf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rujm Al-Malfouf">Rujm Al-Malfouf</a>, Ammonite watch tower built around 1000 BC, currently located in a <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Amman" title="Jabal Amman">residential area</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 13th century BC, Amman was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammonite Kingdom</a>, and became known as "Rabat Amman". Rabat Amman provided several natural resources to the region, including sandstone and limestone, along with a productive agricultural sector that made it a vital location along the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Highway_(ancient)" title="King's Highway (ancient)">King's Highway</a>, the ancient trade route connecting <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. As with the <a href="/wiki/Edomites" class="mw-redirect" title="Edomites">Edomites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moabites" class="mw-redirect" title="Moabites">Moabites</a>, trade along this route gave the Ammonites considerable revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Milcom" title="Milcom">Milcom</a> is named in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> as the <a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">national god</a> of Rabat Amman. Another ancient <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moloch" title="Moloch">Moloch</a>, usually associated with the use of children as offerings, is also mentioned in the Bible as a god of the Ammonites, but this is probably a mistake for Milcom. However, excavations by archeologists near <a href="/wiki/Amman_Civil_Airport" title="Amman Civil Airport">Amman Civil Airport</a> uncovered a temple, which included an altar containing many human bone fragments. The bones showed evidence of burning, which led to the assumption that the altar functioned as a <a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</a> and used for <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amman is mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. According to the biblical narrative, the Ammonite king <a href="/wiki/Hanun" title="Hanun">Hanun</a> allied with <a href="/wiki/Hadadezer_ben_Rehob" title="Hadadezer ben Rehob">Hadadezer</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Aram-Zobah</a>, against the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel</a>. During the war, <a href="/wiki/Joab" title="Joab">Joab</a>, the captain of King <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>'s army, laid siege to Rabbah, Hanun's royal capital, and destroyed it (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Samuel#12:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Samuel">2 Samuel 12:26–28</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#20:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 20:1–2</a>). David took a great quantity of plunder from the city, including the king's crown, and brought it to his capital, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Samuel#12:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Samuel">2 Samuel 12:29–31</a>). Hanun's brother, <a href="/wiki/Shobi" title="Shobi">Shobi</a>, was made king in his place, and became a loyal vassal of David (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Samuel#17:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Samuel">2 Samuel 17:27</a>). Hundreds of years later, the prophet <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> foresaw the coming destruction and final desolation of the city (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Jeremiah#49:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Jeremiah">Jeremiah 49:2</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Ammonite ruins across Amman exist, such as <a href="/wiki/Rujm_Al-Malfouf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rujm Al-Malfouf">Rujm Al-Malfouf</a> and some parts of the <a href="/wiki/Amman_Citadel" title="Amman Citadel">Amman Citadel</a>. The ruins of Rujm Al-Malfouf consist of a stone watchtower used to ensure the protection of their capital and several store rooms to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was later conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrians</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KHh_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KHh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_period">Classical period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Classical period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Hercules_-_Amman_citadel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1285" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_(Amman)" title="Temple of Hercules (Amman)">Temple of Hercules</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Amman_Citadel" title="Amman Citadel">Amman Citadel</a> (Jabal Al-Qalaa)</figcaption></figure> <p>Conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> firmly consolidated the influence of <a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(Greek_culture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenism (Greek culture)">Hellenistic culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KHh_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KHh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greeks founded new cities in the area of modern-day Jordan, including <a href="/wiki/Umm_Qays" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm Qays">Umm Qays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Jerash</a> and Amman. <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a>, the Macedonian ruler of Egypt, who occupied and rebuilt the city, named it "Philadelphia" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Φιλαδέλφεια</span>), evoking "brotherly love" in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>. The name was given as an adulation to his own nickname, Philadelphus.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen2006_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2006-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most original monuments in Jordan, and perhaps in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> in the Near East, is the village of <a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Amir" title="Iraq al-Amir">Iraq al-Amir</a> in the valley of <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Al-Seer" title="Wadi Al-Seer">Wadi Al-Seer</a>, southwest of Amman, which is home to <a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Abd" title="Qasr al-Abd">Qasr al-Abd</a> ('Castle of the Slave'). Other nearby ruins include a village, an isolated house and a fountain, all of which are barely visible today due to the damage brought by a major earthquake that hit the region in the year 362.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qasr al-Abd is believed to have been built by Hyrcanus of Jerusalem, who was the head of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Tobiads" title="Tobiads">Tobiad</a> family. Shortly after he began the construction of that large building, in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 170</span>-168 BC, upon returning from a military campaign in Egypt, Antiochus IV conquered <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, ransacked the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> where the treasure of Hyrcanus was kept, and appeared determined to attack Hyrcanus. Upon hearing this, Hyrcanus committed suicide,<sup id="cite_ref-ifpo_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifpo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leaving his palace in Philadelphia uncompleted.<sup id="cite_ref-ifpo_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifpo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tobiads fought the Arab <a href="/wiki/Nabateans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabateans">Nabateans</a> for twenty years until they lost the city to them. After losing Philadelphia, the Tobiad family disappears from written sources.<sup id="cite_ref-DOA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman_Amphitheater_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Amman_Amphitheater_03.JPG/220px-Amman_Amphitheater_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Amman_Amphitheater_03.JPG/330px-Amman_Amphitheater_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Amman_Amphitheater_03.JPG/440px-Amman_Amphitheater_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3444" data-file-height="2586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_theater_(Amman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman theater (Amman)">The Roman Theatre</a>, built around AD 100, and the modern <a href="/wiki/Hashemite_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite Plaza">Hashemite Plaza</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> conquered much of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> in 63 BC, inaugurating a period of Roman rule that lasted for four centuries. In the northern modern-day Jordan, the Greek cities of Philadelphia (Amman), <a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Gerasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umm_Qays" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm Qays">Gedara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Arbila</a> joined with other cities in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Scythopolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippos,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippos, Israel">Hippos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitolias" title="Capitolias">Capitolias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qanawat" title="Qanawat">Canatha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis League</a>, a confederation linked by bonds of economic and cultural interest.<sup id="cite_ref-DOA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philadelphia became a point along a road stretching from <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Ailah</a> to Damascus that was built by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> in AD 106. This provided an economic boost for the city in a short period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-KH_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KH-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roman rule in Jordan left several ruins across the country, some of which exist in Amman, such as the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_(Amman)" title="Temple of Hercules (Amman)">Temple of Hercules</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Amman_Citadel" title="Amman Citadel">Amman Citadel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_theater_(Amman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman theater (Amman)">Roman Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Odeon_theater_(Amman)" title="Odeon theater (Amman)">Odeon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Amman)" title="Nymphaeum (Amman)">Nymphaeum</a>. The two theaters and the <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum" title="Nymphaeum">nymphaeum</a> fountain were built during the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> around AD 161. The theatre was the larger venue of the two and had a capacity for 6,000 attendees. It was oriented north and built into the hillside, to protect the audience from the sun. To the northeast of the theatre was a small <a href="/wiki/Odeon_(building)" title="Odeon (building)">odeon</a>. Built at roughly the same time as the theatre, the Odeon had 500 seats and is still in use today for music concerts. Archaeologists speculate that the structure was originally covered with a wooden roof to shield the audience from the weather. The Nymphaeum is situated southwest of the Odeon and served as Philadelphia's chief fountain. The Nymphaeum is believed to have contained a 600 square meters (6,500 sq ft) pool which was 3 meters (9.8 ft) deep and was continuously refilled with water.<sup id="cite_ref-KH_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KH-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period in the seventh century, several bishops and churches were based in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-KH_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KH-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_era_(7th–15th_centuries)"><span id="Islamic_era_.287th.E2.80.9315th_centuries.29"></span>Islamic era (7th–15th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islamic era (7th–15th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Desert_castles" title="Desert castles">Desert castles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umayyad_Palace020.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Umayyad_Palace020.JPG/220px-Umayyad_Palace020.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Umayyad_Palace020.JPG/330px-Umayyad_Palace020.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Umayyad_Palace020.JPG/440px-Umayyad_Palace020.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4119" data-file-height="2917" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Palace" title="Umayyad Palace">Umayyad Palace</a> on top of the Amman Citadel, built around 700 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 630s, the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> conquered the region from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, beginning the Islamic era in the Levant. Philadelphia was renamed "Amman" by the Muslims and became part of the district of <a href="/wiki/Jund_Dimashq" title="Jund Dimashq">Jund Dimashq</a>. A large part of the population already spoke <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, which facilitated integration into the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>, as well as several conversions to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> caliphs who began their rule in 661 AD, numerous <a href="/wiki/Desert_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert castle">desert castles</a> were established as a means to govern the desert area of modern-day Jordan, several of which are still well-preserved. Amman had already been functioning as an administrative centre. The Umayyads built a large palace on the <a href="/wiki/Amman_Citadel" title="Amman Citadel">Amman Citadel</a> hill, known today as the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Palace" title="Umayyad Palace">Umayyad Palace</a>. Amman was later destroyed by several earthquakes and natural disasters, including a particularly severe earthquake in 747. The Umayyads were <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">overthrown</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a> three years later.<sup id="cite_ref-DOA_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amman's importance declined by the mid-8th century after damage caused by several earthquakes rendered it uninhabitable.<sup id="cite_ref-Ifpo_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ifpo-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations among the collapsed layer of the Umayyad Palace have revealed remains of <a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">kilns</a> from the time of the Abbasids (750–969) and the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a> (969–1099).<sup id="cite_ref-Arce_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arce-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 9th century, Amman was noted as the "capital" of the <a href="/wiki/Balqa_(region)" title="Balqa (region)">Balqa</a> by geographer <a href="/wiki/Al-Yaqubi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yaqubi">al-Yaqubi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strange391_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strange391-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, in 985, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalemite</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a> described Amman as the capital of Balqa,<sup id="cite_ref-Strange391_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strange391-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that it was a town in the desert fringe of Syria surrounded by villages and cornfields and was a regional source of lambs, grain and honey.<sup id="cite_ref-Le_Strange_1896,_p._15_and_p._18_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Strange_1896,_p._15_and_p._18-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its inhabitants he reports, at the time, were <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Le_Strange_1896,_p._15_and_p._18_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Strange_1896,_p._15_and_p._18-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, al-Muqaddasi describes Amman as a "harbor of the desert" where Arab Bedouin would take refuge, and that its citadel, which overlooked the town, contained a small mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-Strange392_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strange392-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z_Ottoman_Ten_arches_Amman_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Z_Ottoman_Ten_arches_Amman_2.jpg/220px-Z_Ottoman_Ten_arches_Amman_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Z_Ottoman_Ten_arches_Amman_2.jpg/330px-Z_Ottoman_Ten_arches_Amman_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Z_Ottoman_Ten_arches_Amman_2.jpg/440px-Z_Ottoman_Ten_arches_Amman_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman ten-arches bridge, built in 1910 near Amman as part of the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_railway" title="Hejaz railway">Hejaz railway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The occupation of the Citadel Hill by the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> is so far based only on interpretations of Crusader sources. <a href="/wiki/William_of_Tyre" title="William of Tyre">William of Tyre</a> writes in his <i>Historia</i> that in 1161 <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Milly" title="Philip of Milly">Philip of Milly</a> received the castle of Ahamant, which is seen to refer to Amman, as part of the lordship of <a href="/wiki/Oultrejordain" title="Oultrejordain">Oultrejordain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barber_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barber-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1166 Philip joined the <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(monastic_society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military order (monastic society)">military order</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, passing on to them a significant part of his <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> including the castle of Ahamant<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Haman", as it is named in the deed of confirmation issued by King <a href="/wiki/Amalric_I_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalric I of Jerusalem">Amalric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pringle_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1170, Amman was in <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> hands.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Watchtower_(Amman)" title="Ayyubid Watchtower (Amman)">remains of a watch tower</a> on Citadel Hill, first attributed to the Crusaders, now are preferentially dated to the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubid</a> period, leaving it to further research to find the location of the Crusader castle.<sup id="cite_ref-Pringle_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Ayyubid period, the Damascene geographer <a href="/wiki/Al-Dimashqi_(geographer)" title="Al-Dimashqi (geographer)">al-Dimashqi</a> wrote that Amman was part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Al-Karak" title="Al-Karak">al-Karak</a>, although "only ruins" remained of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Egypt">Mamluk</a> era (late 13th–early 16th centuries), the region of Amman was a part of Wilayat Balqa, the southernmost district of Mamlakat Dimashq (Damascus Province).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital of the district in the first half of the 14th century was the minor administrative post of <a href="/wiki/Hisban" title="Hisban">Hisban</a>, which had a considerably smaller garrison than the other administrative centers in Transjordan, namely <a href="/wiki/Ajlun" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajlun">Ajlun</a> and al-Karak.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1321, the geographer <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l_Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l Fida">Abu'l Fida</a>, recorded that Amman was "a very ancient town" with fertile soil and surrounded by agricultural fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Strange392_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strange392-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For unclear, though likely financial reasons, in 1356, the capital of Balqa was transferred from Hisban to Amman, which was considered a <i>madina</i> (city).<sup id="cite_ref-Walker120_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker120-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1357, Emir <a href="/wiki/Sirghitmish" title="Sirghitmish">Sirghitmish</a> bought Amman in its entirety, most likely to use revenues from the city to help fund the <a href="/wiki/Madrasa_of_Sarghatmish" title="Madrasa of Sarghatmish">Madrasa of Sirghitmish</a>, which he built in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker120_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker120-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his purchase of the city, Sirghitmish transferred the courts, administrative bureaucracy, markets and most of the inhabitants of Hisban to Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker120_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker120-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, he financed new building works in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker120_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker120-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ownership of Amman following Sirghitmish's death in 1358 passed to successive generations of his descendants until 1395, when his descendants sold it to Emir Baydamur al-Khwarazmi, the <i>na'ib as-saltana</i> (viceroy) of Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker120_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker120-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterward, part of Amman's cultivable lands were sold to Emir Sudun al-Shaykhuni (died 1396), the <i>na'ib as-saltana</i> of Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increasingly frequent division and sale of the city and lands of Amman to different owners signalled declining revenues coming from Amman, while at the same time, Hisban was restored as the major city of the Balqa in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then until 1878, Amman was an abandoned site periodically used to shelter seasonal farmers who cultivated arable lands in its vicinity and by Bedouin tribes who used its pastures and water.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McEvedy_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McEvedy-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> annexed the region of Amman in 1516, but for much of the Ottoman period, <a href="/wiki/Al-Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Salt">al-Salt</a> functioned as the virtual political center of Transjordan.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamed_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamed-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era_(1878–present)"><span id="Modern_era_.281878.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Modern era (1878–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern era (1878–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman,_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_et_de_l%27Odeon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Amman%2C_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_et_de_l%27Odeon.jpg/175px-Amman%2C_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_et_de_l%27Odeon.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Amman%2C_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_et_de_l%27Odeon.jpg/263px-Amman%2C_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_et_de_l%27Odeon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Amman%2C_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_et_de_l%27Odeon.jpg/350px-Amman%2C_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_et_de_l%27Odeon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1248" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:211px;max-width:211px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Amman_and_amphitheatre_from_Citadel_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/View_of_Amman_and_amphitheatre_from_Citadel_Hill.jpg/209px-View_of_Amman_and_amphitheatre_from_Citadel_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/View_of_Amman_and_amphitheatre_from_Citadel_Hill.jpg/314px-View_of_Amman_and_amphitheatre_from_Citadel_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/View_of_Amman_and_amphitheatre_from_Citadel_Hill.jpg/418px-View_of_Amman_and_amphitheatre_from_Citadel_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3528" data-file-height="2320" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The historical center of Amman, showing the Roman ruins in 1878 immediately before its modern resettlement (left), and the same area in 2015 (right)</div></div></div></div> <p>Amman began to be resettled in 1878, when several hundred Muslim <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a> arrived following their expulsion from the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> during the events of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamed_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamed-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1878 and 1910, tens of thousands of Circassians became refugees in the Ottoman Empire, which had moved large numbers of them into its province of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogan2002_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogan2002-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman authorities directed the <a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Jordan" title="Circassians in Jordan">Circassians</a>, who were mainly of peasant stock, to settle in Amman, and distributed arable land among them. Their settlement was a partial manifestation of the Ottoman statesman <a href="/wiki/Kamil_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamil Pasha">Kamil Pasha</a>'s project, which did not materialize, to establish the Amman Province (<a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayet</a>) which, along with other sites in its vicinity, would become Circassian-populated townships guaranteeing the security of the Damascus–<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> highway.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Circassian settlers, who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Shapsug" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapsug">Shapsug</a> dialect group,<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania3_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lived near Amman's Roman theater and incorporated its stones into the houses they built.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamed_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamed-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English traveller <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Oliphant_(author)" title="Laurence Oliphant (author)">Laurence Oliphant</a> noted in his 1879 visit that most of the original Circassian settlers had left Amman by then, with about 150 remaining.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania3_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were joined by Circassians from the <a href="/wiki/Kabardia" title="Kabardia">Kabardian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abzakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Abzakh">Abzakh</a> groups in 1880–1892.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania3_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Amman_from_the_Survey_of_Palestine_1889_(as_surveyed_in_1881).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Map_of_Amman_from_the_Survey_of_Palestine_1889_%28as_surveyed_in_1881%29.jpg/220px-Map_of_Amman_from_the_Survey_of_Palestine_1889_%28as_surveyed_in_1881%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Map_of_Amman_from_the_Survey_of_Palestine_1889_%28as_surveyed_in_1881%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Amman_from_the_Survey_of_Palestine_1889_%28as_surveyed_in_1881%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Map_of_Amman_from_the_Survey_of_Palestine_1889_%28as_surveyed_in_1881%29.jpg/440px-Map_of_Amman_from_the_Survey_of_Palestine_1889_%28as_surveyed_in_1881%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2278" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>The first scientific map of Amman, 1881. The British surveyors noted that: "The Circassian colony established by the Sultan at Amman about 1879 [is] neither prosperous nor likely to become so".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Until 1900 settlement was concentrated in the valley and slopes of the Amman stream and settlers built mud-brick houses with wooden roofs.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania3_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French Dominican priest <a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Lagrange" title="Marie-Joseph Lagrange">Marie-Joseph Lagrange</a> commented in 1890 about Amman: "A mosque, the ancient bridges, all that jumbled with the houses of the Circassians gives Amman a remarkable physiognomy".<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania3_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new village became a <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiye">nahiye</a></i> (subdistrict) center of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza">kaza</a></i> of al-Salt in the <a href="/wiki/Karak_Sanjak" title="Karak Sanjak">Karak Sanjak</a> established in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania3_56-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1908 Amman contained 800 houses divided between three main quarters, Shapsug, Kabartai and Abzakh, each called after the Circassian groupings which respectively settled there, a number of mosques, open-air markets, shops, bakeries, mills, a textile factory, a post and telegraph office and a government compound (<a href="/wiki/Saray_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saray (building)">saraya</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Hanania3_56-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> settlers formed their own quarter called "al-Akrad" after them, while a number of townspeople from nearby al-Salt and <a href="/wiki/Al-Fuheis" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Fuheis">al-Fuheis</a>, seeking to avoid high taxes and conscription or attracted by financial incentives, and traders from <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, had also moved to the town.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's demographics changed dramatically after the Ottoman government's decision to construct the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a>, which linked Damascus and Medina, and facilitated the annual <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> pilgrimage and trade. Operational in central Transjordan since 1903, the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a> helped to transform Amman from a small village into a major commercial hub in the region. Circassian entrepreneurship, facilitated by the railway, helped to attract investment from merchants from Damascus, Nablus, and Jerusalem, many of whom moved to Amman in the 1900s and 1910s.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamed_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamed-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amman's first municipal council was established in 1909, and Circassian <a href="/wiki/Ismael_Babouk" title="Ismael Babouk">Ismael Babouk</a> was elected as its mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF001650.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF001650.jpeg/220px-%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF001650.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF001650.jpeg/330px-%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF001650.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF001650.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Amman 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Amman" title="First Battle of Amman">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Amman" title="Second Battle of Amman">Second Battle of Amman</a> were part of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theater_of_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern theater of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a>, taking place in 1918. Amman had a strategic location along the Hejaz Railway; its capture by British forces and the <a href="/wiki/Sharifian_Army" title="Sharifian Army">Hashemite Arab army</a> facilitated the British advance towards <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second battle was won by the British, resulting in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandate</a>. </p><p>In 1921, the Hashemite emir and later king <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah I</a> designated Amman instead of al-Salt to be the capital of the newly created state, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Emirate of Transjordan</a>, which became the <a href="/wiki/Hashemite_Kingdom_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan">Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan</a> in 1950. Its function as the capital of the country attracted immigrants from different Levantine areas, particularly from al-Salt, a nearby city that had been the largest urban settlement east of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> at the time. The early settlers who came from <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> were overwhelmingly from <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, from which many of al-Salt's inhabitants had originated. They were joined by other immigrants from Damascus. Amman later attracted people from the southern part of the country, particularly al-Karak and <a href="/wiki/Madaba" title="Madaba">Madaba</a>. The city's population was around 10,000 in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryP_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryP-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British report from 1933 shows around 1,700 Circassians living in Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet the community was far from insulated. Local urban and nomadic communities formed alliances with the Circassians, some of which are still present today. This cemented the status of Circassians in the re-established city.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamed_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamed-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprt_City_Amman.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sprt_City_Amman.JPG/220px-Sprt_City_Amman.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sprt_City_Amman.JPG/330px-Sprt_City_Amman.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sprt_City_Amman.JPG/440px-Sprt_City_Amman.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Amman in 1985</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamal_Abdul_Nasser_Circle_Amman_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Jamal_Abdul_Nasser_Circle_Amman_Jordan.jpg/220px-Jamal_Abdul_Nasser_Circle_Amman_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Jamal_Abdul_Nasser_Circle_Amman_Jordan.jpg/330px-Jamal_Abdul_Nasser_Circle_Amman_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Jamal_Abdul_Nasser_Circle_Amman_Jordan.jpg/440px-Jamal_Abdul_Nasser_Circle_Amman_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Amman in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Jordan gained its independence in 1946 and Amman was designated the country's capital. Amman received many refugees during wartime events in nearby countries, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. A second wave arrived after the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967. In 1970, Amman was a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amman_(1970)" title="Battle of Amman (1970)">battlefield</a> during the conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Army" title="Royal Jordanian Army">Jordanian Army</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September in Jordan">Black September</a>. The Jordanian Army defeated the PLO in 1971, and the latter were expelled to <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JWT_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JWT-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first wave of Iraqi refugees settled in the city after the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, with a second wave occurring in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. </p><p>On 9 November 2005, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> under <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>'s leadership launched <a href="/wiki/2005_Amman_bombings" title="2005 Amman bombings">coordinated explosions</a> in three hotel lobbies in Amman, resulting in 60 deaths and 115 injured. The bombings, which targeted civilians, caused widespread outrage among Jordanians.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jordan's security as a whole was dramatically improved after the attack, and no major terrorist attacks have been reported since then.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recently a wave of <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War">Syrian refugees</a> have arrived in the city during the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> which began in 2011. Amman was a principal destination for refugees for the security and prosperity it offered.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2010s, the city has experienced an economic, cultural and urban boom. The large growth in population has significantly increased the need for new accommodation, and new districts of the city were established at a quick pace. This strained Jordan's scarce water supply and exposed Amman to the dangers of quick expansion without careful municipal planning.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">East Bank Plateau</a>, an upland characterized by three major <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">wadis</a> which run through it.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, the city had been <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_claimed_to_be_built_on_seven_hills" title="List of cities claimed to be built on seven hills">built on seven hills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amman's terrain is typified by its <a href="/wiki/Al-Joufa_Mountain" title="Al-Joufa Mountain">mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important areas in the city are named after the hills or mountains they lie on.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area's elevation ranges from 700 to 1,100 m (2,300 to 3,600 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Salt">Al-Salt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Zarqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zarqa">al-Zarqa</a> are located to the northwest and northeast, respectively, <a href="/wiki/Madaba" title="Madaba">Madaba</a> is located to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Karak" title="Al-Karak">al-Karak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an" title="Ma'an">Ma'an</a> are to Amman's southwest and southeast, respectively. One of the only remaining springs in Amman now supplies the <a href="/wiki/Zarqa_River" title="Zarqa River">Zarqa River</a> with water.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trees found in Amman include <a href="/wiki/Pinus_halepensis" title="Pinus halepensis">Aleppo pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupressus_sempervirens" title="Cupressus sempervirens">Mediterranean cypress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juniperus_phoenicea" title="Juniperus phoenicea">Phoenician juniper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cordova_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cordova-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman features a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Csa) in its western and northern neighborhoods, while its eastern and southern neighborhoods experience a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (Köppen: BSh/BSk). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a> season in Amman is moderately long, characterized by mild heat and refreshing breezes. However, occasional heatwaves may occur during this period. <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a> is brief yet warm, with temperatures reaching highs of 28 °C (82 °F). This season typically commences between April and May, lasting for about a month. <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winter</a> usually sets in around the end of November, extending through early to mid-March. During winter, temperatures typically hover around or below 17 °C (63 °F), with sporadic <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snowfall</a> occurring once or twice a year. </p><p>The average annual rainfall in Amman is around 385 mm (15 in), with great variations between different parts of the city. The western areas receive more than 500 mm (20 in) of rainfall, whereas the eastern areas receive less than 250 mm (10 in). Rainfall primarily occurs between November and April, and periodic droughts are not uncommon. </p><p>Amman experiences heavy <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">fog</a> on about 120 days each year. The city's diverse weather conditions are heavily influenced by differences in <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a>. While snow might accumulate in the higher-altitude western and northern regions of Amman (with an average altitude of 1,000 m or 3,300 ft above sea level), the city center (at an elevation of 700 m or 2,300 ft) might experience rainfall simultaneously. This variation in elevation leads to extreme <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimates</a> within Amman, with each district having its own distinct weather patterns. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for East Amman, Amman Civil Airport, elevation: 779 m or 2555 ft </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(110.3) </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.7<br />(110.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.7<br />(110.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.66) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.6<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(2.47) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(1.34) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(0.28) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(0.13) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.00) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(0.28) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(0.93) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3<br />(1.82) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">245.0<br />(9.65) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.8 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">266.6 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">328.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">369.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">387.5 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">365.8 </td> <td style="background: #F3F317; color:#000000;" class="notheme">312.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.0 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.8 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,289.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Jordan Meteorological Department<sup id="cite_ref-JMD_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMD-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990),<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pogoda.ru.net (records)<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for West Amman, University of Jordan, elevation: 1000 m or 3280 ft </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #3DFF3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.0<br />(5.12) </td> <td style="background: #23FF23; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.4<br />(5.29) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.0<br />(2.87) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(0.60) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(0.27) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(0.60) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.7<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.1<br />(3.90) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">525.0<br />(20.67) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Jordan Meteorological Department<sup id="cite_ref-JMD_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMD-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990),<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pogoda.ru.net (records)<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">Ultraviolet index</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;">9 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;">12 </td> <td style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;">12 </td> <td style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;">11 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">6 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">4 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">7.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_government">Local government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Amman" title="List of mayors of Amman">List of mayors of Amman</a></div> <p>Amman is governed by a 41-member city council elected in four-year term direct elections. All Jordanian citizens above 18 years old are eligible to vote in the municipal elections. However, the mayor is appointed by the king and not through elections.<sup id="cite_ref-about_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909 a city council was established in Amman by Circassian <a href="/wiki/Ismael_Babouk" title="Ismael Babouk">Ismael Babouk</a> who became the first-ever mayor of the capital, and in 1914 Amman's first city district center was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) has been investing in making the city a better place, through a number of initiatives. Green Amman 2020 was initiated in 2014, aiming to turn the city to a <a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">green metropolis</a> by 2020. According to official statistics, only 2.5% of Amman is <a href="/wiki/Urban_open_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban open space">green space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 GAM and Zain Jordan started operating free-of-charge Wi-Fi services at 15 locations, including <a href="/wiki/Wakalat_Street" title="Wakalat Street">Wakalat Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Street" title="Rainbow Street">Rainbow Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hashemite_Plaza" title="The Hashemite Plaza">The Hashemite Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashrafiyah,_Amman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrafiyah, Amman">Ashrafieh</a> Cultural Complex, Zaha Cultural Center, Al Hussein Cultural Center, <a href="/wiki/Al_Hussein_Public_Parks" title="Al Hussein Public Parks">Al Hussein Public Parks</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> is divided into twelve administrative divisions, each called a governorate. <a href="/wiki/Amman_Governorate" title="Amman Governorate">Amman Governorate</a> divides into nine <a href="/wiki/Nahias_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahias of Jordan">districts</a>, five of which are divided into sub-districts. The Greater Amman Municipality has 22 areas which are further divided into neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is administered as the Greater Amman Municipality and covers 22 areas which include:<sup id="cite_ref-ammancity_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ammancity-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Districts_of_Amman_Numbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Districts_of_Amman_Numbered.png/300px-Districts_of_Amman_Numbered.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Districts_of_Amman_Numbered.png/450px-Districts_of_Amman_Numbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Districts_of_Amman_Numbered.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Area</th> <th>Area (km2)</th> <th>Population (2015)</th> <th>Number</th> <th>Area</th> <th>Area (km2)</th> <th>Population (2015) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madinah_area" title="Madinah area">Al-Madinah</a></td> <td align="center">3.1</td> <td align="center">34,988</td> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khrebet_Al-Souk,_Jawa_and_Yadoudah_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Khrebet Al-Souk, Jawa and Yadoudah area">Kherbet Al-Souk</a></td> <td align="center">0.5</td> <td align="center">186,158 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basman_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Basman district">Basman</a></td> <td align="center">13.4</td> <td align="center">373,981</td> <td>13</td> <td>Al-Mgablein</td> <td align="center">23</td> <td align="center">99,738 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marka,_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Marka, Jordan">Marka</a></td> <td align="center">23</td> <td align="center">148,100</td> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Al-Seer" title="Wadi Al-Seer">Wadi Al-Seer</a></td> <td align="center">80</td> <td align="center">241,830 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasr_area" title="Nasr area">Al-Nasr</a></td> <td align="center">28.4</td> <td align="center">258,829</td> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bader_Al-Jadeedah_area" title="Bader Al-Jadeedah area">Badr Al-Jadeedah</a></td> <td align="center">19</td> <td align="center">17,891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_area" title="Yarmouk area">Al-Yarmouk</a></td> <td align="center">5.5</td> <td align="center">180,773</td> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweileh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweileh">Sweileh</a></td> <td align="center">20</td> <td align="center">151,016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ras_Al-Ein_area" title="Ras Al-Ein area">Ras Al-Ein</a></td> <td align="center">6.8</td> <td align="center">138,024</td> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tla%27_Al-Ali,_Umm_Al-Summaq_and_Khalda_area" title="Tla' Al-Ali, Umm Al-Summaq and Khalda area">Tla' Al-Ali</a></td> <td align="center">19.8</td> <td align="center">251,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bader_area" title="Bader area">Bader</a></td> <td align="center">10.1</td> <td align="center">229,308</td> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jubeiha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubeiha">Jubeiha</a></td> <td align="center">25.9</td> <td align="center">197,160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zahran_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahran district">Zahran</a></td> <td align="center">13.8</td> <td align="center">107,529</td> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shafa_Badran_area" title="Shafa Badran area">Shafa Badran</a></td> <td align="center">45</td> <td align="center">72,315 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Abdali" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Abdali">Al-Abdali</a></td> <td align="center">15</td> <td align="center">165,333</td> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nseir_area" title="Abu Nseir area">Abu Nseir</a></td> <td align="center">50</td> <td align="center">72,489 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tariq_area" title="Tariq area">Tariq</a></td> <td align="center">25</td> <td align="center">175,194</td> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uhod_area" title="Uhod area">Uhod</a></td> <td align="center">250</td> <td align="center">40,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qweismeh,_Abu_Alanda,_Jweideh_and_Rujeib_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Qweismeh, Abu Alanda, Jweideh and Rujeib area">Qweismeh</a></td> <td align="center">45.9</td> <td align="center">296,763</td> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marj_Al-Hamam" class="mw-redirect" title="Marj Al-Hamam">Marj Al-Hamam</a></td> <td align="center">53</td> <td align="center">82,788 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banking_sector">Banking sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Banking sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banking</a> sector is one of the principal foundations of Jordan's economy. Despite the unrest and economic difficulties in the Arab world resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> uprisings, Jordan's banking sector maintained its growth in 2014. The sector consists of 25 banks, 15 of which are listed on the <a href="/wiki/Amman_Stock_Exchange" title="Amman Stock Exchange">Amman Stock Exchange</a>. Amman is the base city for the international <a href="/wiki/Arab_Bank" title="Arab Bank">Arab Bank</a>, one of the largest financial institutions in the Middle East, serving clients in more than 600 branches in 30 countries on five continents. Arab Bank represents 28% of the Amman Stock Exchange and is the highest-ranked institution by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> on the exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman is the 4th most visited Arab city and the ninth highest recipient of international visitor spending. Roughly 1.8 million tourists visited Amman in 2011 and spent over $1.3 billion in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expansion of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alia_International_Airport" title="Queen Alia International Airport">Queen Alia International Airport</a> is an example of the Greater Amman Municipality's heavy investment in the city's infrastructure. The recent construction of a public transportation system and a national railway, and the expansion of roads, are intended to ease the traffic generated by the millions of annual visitors to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-capacity_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capacity-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amman, and Jordan in general, is the Middle East's hub for <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a>. Jordan receives the most medical tourists in the region and the fifth highest in the world. Amman receives 250,000 foreign patients a year and over $1 billion annually.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman is introducing itself as a business hub. The city's skyline is being continuously transformed through the emergence of new projects. A significant portion of business flowed into Amman following the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. Jordan's main airport, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alia_International_Airport" title="Queen Alia International Airport">Queen Alia International Airport</a>, is located south of Amman and is the hub for the country's national carrier <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian" title="Royal Jordanian">Royal Jordanian</a>, a major airline in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airline is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Zahran_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahran district">Zahran district</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rubicon_Group_Holding" title="Rubicon Group Holding">Rubicon Group Holding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maktoob" class="mw-redirect" title="Maktoob">Maktoob</a>, two major regional information technology companies, are based in Amman, along with major international corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Hikma_Pharmaceuticals" title="Hikma Pharmaceuticals">Hikma Pharmaceuticals</a>, one of the Middle East's largest pharmaceutical companies, and <a href="/wiki/Aramex" title="Aramex">Aramex</a>, the Middle East's largest logistics and transportation company.<sup id="cite_ref-IraqBiz_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IraqBiz-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a report by Dunia Frontier Consultants, Amman, along with <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, are the favored hubs for multinational corporations operating in the Middle East and North Africa region.<sup id="cite_ref-dunia_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dunia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>FDI</i> magazine, Amman was chosen as the Middle Eastern city with the most potential to be a leader in foreign direct investment in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-IraqBiz_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IraqBiz-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, several of the world's largest investment banks have offices in Amman including <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population of Amman</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right">Historical population</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">7250 BC </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1879 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−83.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+900.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+100.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1940 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+100.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1952 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">108,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+440.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">848,587</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+685.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,864,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+119.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2004 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,315,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,842,629</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,007,526</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-about_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Largest groups of Arab foreign residents<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (2015) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>435,578 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>390,631 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></td> <td>308,091 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>121,893 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>27,109 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td>21,649 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other</td> <td>147,742 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The population of Amman reached 4,007,526 in 2015; the city contains about 42% of Jordan's entire population.<sup id="cite_ref-RefC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RefC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a land area of 1,680 km<sup>2</sup> (648.7 sq mi) which yields a population density of about 2,380 inhabitants per square kilometer (6,200/sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of Amman has risen exponentially with the successive waves of immigrants and refugees arriving throughout the 20th century. From a population of roughly 1,000 in 1890, Amman grew to around 1,000,000 inhabitants in 1990, primarily as a result of immigration, but also due to the high birthrate in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-DS34_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS34-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amman had been abandoned for centuries until hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a> settled it in the 19th century. Today, about 40,000 Circassians live in Amman and its vicinity.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Amman became a major hub along the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a> in 1914, many Muslim and Christian merchant families from al-Salt immigrated to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large proportion of Amman's inhabitants have <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> roots (urban or rural origin), and the two main demographic groups in the city today are Arabs of Palestinian or Jordanian descent. Other ethnic groups comprise about 2% of the population. There are no official statistics about the proportion of people of Palestinian or Jordanian descent.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New arrivals consisting of Jordanians from the north and south of the country and immigrants from Palestine had increased the city's population from 30,000 in 1930 to 60,000 in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Suleiman101_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suleiman101-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 10,000 Palestinians, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, migrated to the city for economic opportunities before the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plascov33_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plascov33-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the immigrants from al-Salt from that time were originally from <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1948 war caused an exodus of urban Muslim and Christian Palestinian refugees, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lydda</a>, to Amman,<sup id="cite_ref-Plascov33_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plascov33-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose population swelled to 110,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Suleiman101_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suleiman101-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Jordan's capture of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> during the war, many Palestinians from that area steadily migrated to Amman between 1950 and 1966, before another mass wave of Palestinian refugees from the West Bank moved to the city during the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 War</a>. By 1970, the population had swelled to an estimated 550,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Suleiman101_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suleiman101-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further 200,000 Palestinians arrived after their expulsion from Kuwait during the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>. Several large <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee camp">Palestinian refugee camps</a> exist around the center of Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-DS35_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS35-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Amman lacks a deep-rooted native population, the city does not have a distinct Arabic <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a>, although recently such a dialect utilizing the various Jordanian and Palestinian dialects, has been forming.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children of immigrants in the city are also increasingly referring to themselves as "Ammani", unlike much of the first-generation inhabitants who identify more with their respective places of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman has a mostly <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a> population, and the city contains numerous <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the main mosques is the large <a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_I_Mosque" title="King Abdullah I Mosque">King Abdullah I Mosque</a>, built between 1982 and 1989. It is capped by a blue mosaic <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> beneath which 3,000 Muslims may offer prayer. The Abu Darweesh Mosque, noted for its checkered black-and-white pattern, has an architectural style that is unique to Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-JTravel_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTravel-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosque is situated on <a href="/wiki/Ashrafiyah,_Amman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrafiyah, Amman">Jabal Ashrafieh</a>, the highest point in the city. The mosque's interior is marked by light-colored walls and Persian carpets. During the 2004 Amman Message conference, edicts from various clergy-members afforded the following schools of thought as garnering collective recognition: <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a>, Shafi'i, Ja'fari, Zahiri, Zaydi, <a href="/wiki/Ibadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a>, tassawuf-related <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muwahhidism" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwahhidism">Muwahhidism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amman also has a small <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jordan" title="Christianity in Jordan">Christians</a> from throughout Jordan, particularly from al-Salt, have moved to Amman. Nearby <a href="/wiki/Fuheis" title="Fuheis">Fuheis</a> is a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Christian</a> town located to the northwest of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholic">Armenian Catholic</a> community of around 70 families is present in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">Ecclesiastical courts</a> for matters of personal status are also located in Amman. A total of 16 historic churches are located in <a href="/wiki/Umm_ar-Rasas" title="Umm ar-Rasas">Umm ar-Rasas</a> ruins in <a href="/wiki/Al-Jeezah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jeezah">Al-Jeezah</a> district; the site is believed to have initially served as <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> fortified military camps which gradually became a town around the 5th century AD. It has not been completely excavated. It was influenced by several civilizations including the Romans, Byzantines and Muslims. The site contains some well-preserved mosaic floors, particularly the mosaic floor of the Church of Saint Stephen.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman_panorama_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Amman_panorama_2024.png/467px-Amman_panorama_2024.png" decoding="async" width="467" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Amman_panorama_2024.png/701px-Amman_panorama_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Amman_panorama_2024.png/934px-Amman_panorama_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Amman Panorama from Jabal Al-Ashrafyeh</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Amman" title="Downtown Amman">Downtown Amman</a>, the city center area (known in Arabic as <i>Al-Balad</i>), has been dwarfed by the sprawling urban area that surrounds it. Despite the changes, much remains of its old character. <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Amman" title="Jabal Amman">Jabal Amman</a> is a tourist attraction in old Amman, where the city's largest souks, museums, ancient constructions, monuments, and cultural sites are found. Jabal Amman also contains the famous <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Street" title="Rainbow Street">Rainbow Street</a> and the cultural <a href="/wiki/Souk_Jara" title="Souk Jara">Souk Jara</a> market.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Al-Madina_Al-Munawara_Street_(Amman)" title="Al-Madina Al-Munawara Street (Amman)">Al-Madina Al-Munawara Street</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_New_Abdali_from_the_northeast,_Amman,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/View_of_the_New_Abdali_from_the_northeast%2C_Amman%2C_2024.jpg/220px-View_of_the_New_Abdali_from_the_northeast%2C_Amman%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/View_of_the_New_Abdali_from_the_northeast%2C_Amman%2C_2024.jpg/330px-View_of_the_New_Abdali_from_the_northeast%2C_Amman%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/View_of_the_New_Abdali_from_the_northeast%2C_Amman%2C_2024.jpg/440px-View_of_the_New_Abdali_from_the_northeast%2C_Amman%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="1407" /></a><figcaption>New Abdali</figcaption></figure> <p>Residential buildings are limited to four stories above street level and if possible another four stories below, according to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Amman_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Amman Municipality">Greater Amman Municipality</a> regulations. The buildings are covered with thick white or beige limestone or sandstone.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings usually have balconies on each floor, with the exception of the ground floor, which has a front and back yard. Some buildings make use of <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_tiles" title="Mangalore tiles">Mangalore tiles</a> on the roofs or on the roof of covered porches. Hotels, towers and commercial buildings are either covered by stone, plastic or glass.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-rise_construction_and_towers">High-rise construction and towers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: High-rise construction and towers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Amman" title="List of tallest buildings in Amman">List of tallest buildings in Amman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordan_Gate_6-2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jordan_Gate_6-2024.jpg/220px-Jordan_Gate_6-2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jordan_Gate_6-2024.jpg/330px-Jordan_Gate_6-2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jordan_Gate_6-2024.jpg/440px-Jordan_Gate_6-2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Jordan Gate</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Zahran_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahran district">Zahran district</a> in west Amman is the location of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Gate" title="Jordan Gate">Jordan Gate</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/High-class" class="mw-redirect" title="High-class">high class</a> <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">residential</a> <a href="/wiki/Project" title="Project">project</a> currently <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">under construction</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Al-Seer" title="Wadi Al-Seer">Wadi Al-Seer</a> district of Amman, Jordan, it consists of two <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">high-rise</a> <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a> connected by a multi-<a href="/wiki/Storey" title="Storey">storey</a> <a href="/wiki/Podium" title="Podium">podium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gate_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gate-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_Abdali" title="New Abdali">New Abdali</a> district hosts a <a href="/wiki/Abdali_Mall" title="Abdali Mall">mall</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard">boulevard</a> along with several hotels, commercial and residential towers. Valued at more than US$5 billion with two main phases, the district created a new visible center for Amman and act as the major business district for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first phase, estimated at more than JD2.4 billion, and receiving about 20 million visitors annually, contains seven Itowers extending over an area of 1.03 million square metres. It attracts about 500 companies operating in 27 sectors, and provided a total of 15,000 job opportunities by 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second phase was announced in May 2024, which will cover an area of 1.2 million square meters and is anticipated to create over 3,000 job opportunities each year, were outlined in the statement. This phase involves the construction of a multi-use conference center with a capacity for 25,000 people, as well as two towers that will include hotels, residential apartments, commercial centers, and advanced medical facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Amman" title="Category:Museums in Amman">Category:Museums in Amman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordan_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jordan_Museum.JPG/220px-Jordan_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jordan_Museum.JPG/330px-Jordan_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jordan_Museum.JPG/440px-Jordan_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Jordan Museum, located near downtown</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest museum in Jordan is <a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Museum" title="The Jordan Museum">The Jordan Museum</a>. It contains much of the valuable archeological findings in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including some of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>, the Neolithic limestone statues of <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">'Ain Ghazal</a>, and a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Mesha_Stele" title="Mesha Stele">Mesha Stele</a>. Other museums include <a href="/wiki/The_Duke%27s_Diwan" title="The Duke's Diwan">the Duke's Diwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_National_Gallery_of_Fine_Arts" title="Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts">Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Archaeological_Museum" title="Jordan Archaeological Museum">Jordan Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Museum_Jordan" title="The Children's Museum Jordan">The Children's Museum Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Martyrs%27_Memorial_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Martyrs' Memorial and Museum">The Martyrs' Memorial and Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Museum" title="Royal Automobile Museum">Royal Automobile Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prophet_Mohammad_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet Mohammad Museum">Prophet Mohammad Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Parliamentary_Life" title="Museum of Parliamentary Life">Museum of Parliamentary Life</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Folklore_Museum" title="Jordan Folklore Museum">Jordan Folklore Museum</a>, and museums at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Jordan" title="University of Jordan">University of Jordan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifestyle">Lifestyle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Lifestyle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman is considered one of the most liberal cities in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has become one of the most popular destinations for expatriates and college students who seek to live, study, or work in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> or the Arab world in general.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's culinary scene has changed from its <a href="/wiki/Shawerma" class="mw-redirect" title="Shawerma">shawarma</a> stands and <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">falafel</a> joints to embrace many popular international restaurants and fast-food outlets such as <a href="/wiki/Asian_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian fusion">Asian fusion</a> restaurants, French <a href="/wiki/Bistro" title="Bistro">bistros</a> and Italian <a href="/wiki/Trattoria" title="Trattoria">trattorias</a>. The city has become famous for its fine dining scene among Western expatriates and <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTtrav_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTtrav-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Souk_Jara_4_Jul_2008_(7).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Souk_Jara_4_Jul_2008_%287%29.JPG/220px-Souk_Jara_4_Jul_2008_%287%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Souk_Jara_4_Jul_2008_%287%29.JPG/330px-Souk_Jara_4_Jul_2008_%287%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Souk_Jara_4_Jul_2008_%287%29.JPG/440px-Souk_Jara_4_Jul_2008_%287%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Souk Jara is one of the most famous outdoor markets managed by the Jabal Amman Residents Association (JARA).</figcaption></figure> <p>Large <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping malls</a> were built during the 2000s in Amman, including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecca_Mall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecca Mall (page does not exist)">Mecca Mall</a>, Abdoun Mall, <a href="/wiki/City_Mall_(Amman)" title="City Mall (Amman)">City Mall</a>, Al-Baraka Mall, Taj Mall, Zara Shopping Center, Avenue Mall, and <a href="/wiki/Abdali_Mall" title="Abdali Mall">Abdali Mall</a> in Al Abdali.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wakalat_Street" title="Wakalat Street">Wakalat Street</a> ("Agencies Street") is Amman's first pedestrian-only street and carries a lot of name-label clothes. The <a href="/wiki/Sweifieh" title="Sweifieh">Sweifieh</a> area is considered to be the main shopping district of Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nightclubs, music bars and <a href="/wiki/Hookah_lounge" title="Hookah lounge">shisha lounges</a> are present across Amman, changing the city's old image as the conservative capital of the kingdom. This burgeoning new nightlife scene is shaped by Jordan's young population.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the wide range of drinking and dancing venues on the social circuit of the city's affluent crowd, Amman hosts cultural entertainment events, including the annual Amman Summer Festival. <a href="/wiki/Souk_Jara" title="Souk Jara">Souk Jara</a> is a Jordanian weekly <a href="/wiki/Flea_market" title="Flea market">flea market</a> event that occurs every Friday throughout the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sweifieh" title="Sweifieh">Sweifieh</a> is considered to be the unofficial red-light district of Amman as it holds most of the city's nightclubs, bars.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabal Amman and <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Luweibdeh" title="Jabal al-Luweibdeh">Jabal al-Luweibdeh</a> are home to many pubs and bars as well, making the area popular among bar hoppers.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTtrav_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTtrav-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alcohol is widely available in restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and supermarkets.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are numerous nightclubs and bars across the city, especially in West Amman. As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 77 registered nightclubs in Jordan (excluding bars and pubs), overwhelmingly located in the capital city.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, there were 222 registered liquor stores in Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian cuisine</a></div> <p>Danielle Pergament of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> described Ammani cuisine as a product of several cuisines in the region, writing that it combines "the bright vegetables from Lebanon, crunchy falafels from Syria, juicy kebabs from Egypt and, most recently, spicy meat dishes from Jordan's neighbor, Iraq. It's known as the food of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> – an ancient word for the area bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian peninsula. But the food here isn't just the sum of its calories. In this politically, religiously and ethnically fraught corner of the world, it is a symbol of bloodlines and identity."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTcuisine_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcuisine-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the city's street food scene makes the Ammani cuisine distinctive.<sup id="cite_ref-StFood_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StFood-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amman-based <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> clubs <a href="/wiki/Al-Wehdat_SC" title="Al-Wehdat SC">Al-Wehdat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Faisaly_SC_(Amman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Faisaly SC (Amman)">Al-Faisaly</a>, both former league champions, share one of the most popular rivalries in the local football scene.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amman hosted the <a href="/wiki/2016_FIFA_U-17_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup">2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Irbid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2007_Asian_Athletics_Championships" title="2007 Asian Athletics Championships">2007 Asian Athletics Championships</a> and more than one edition of the <a href="/wiki/IAAF_World_Cross_Country_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IAAF World Cross Country Championships">IAAF World Cross Country Championships</a> were held in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amman also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Rally" title="Jordan Rally">Jordan Rally</a>, which form part of the <a href="/wiki/FIA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA">FIA</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a>, becoming one of the largest sporting events ever held in Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amman is home to a growing number of foreign sports such as <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>; the latter has two teams based in the city: Amman Citadel Rugby Club and Nomads Rugby Club.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, German non-profit organization <a href="/wiki/Make_Life_Skate_Life" title="Make Life Skate Life">Make Life Skate Life</a> completed construction of the <a href="/wiki/7Hills_Skatepark" title="7Hills Skatepark">7Hills Skatepark</a>, a 650 square meter concrete skatepark located at <a href="/wiki/Samir_Rifai" title="Samir Rifai">Samir Rifai</a> park in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Amman" title="Downtown Amman">Downtown Amman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1033px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Amman International Stadium in the Sport City"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg/1025px-Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1025" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg/1538px-Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg/2050px-Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="697" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman_Sport_City_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Amman Sport City Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Amman_International_Stadium" title="Amman International Stadium">Amman International Stadium</a> in the Sport City</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_music">Media and music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Media and music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of Jordan's radio stations are based in Amman. The first radio station to originate in the city was <i>Hunna Amman</i> in 1959; it mainly broadcast traditional <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, Amman Net became the first de facto private radio station to be established in the country, despite private ownership of radio stations being illegal at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After private ownership was legalized in 2002, several more radio stations were created.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Most Jordanian newspapers and news stations are situated in Amman. Daily newspapers published in Amman include <i><a href="/wiki/Alghad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alghad">Alghad</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-alghad_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alghad-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dustour_(Jordan)" title="Ad-Dustour (Jordan)">Ad-Dustour</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Times" title="The Jordan Times">The Jordan Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-alghad_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alghad-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Ra%27i_(Jordanian_newspaper)" title="Al Ra'i (Jordanian newspaper)">Al Ra'i</a></i>, the most circulated newspaper in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Journ_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journ-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, <i>Al Ra'i</i> was ranked the 5th most popular newspaper in the Arab world by Forbes Middle-East report.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Arab_Al_Yawm_(newspaper)" title="Al Arab Al Yawm (newspaper)">Al-Arab Al-Yawm</a></i> is the only daily pan-Arab newspaper in Jordan. The two most popular Jordanian TV channels, <a href="/wiki/Ro%27ya_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ro'ya TV">Ro'ya TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/JRTV" class="mw-redirect" title="JRTV">JRTV</a>, are based in Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-Journ_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journ-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman,_Roman_Theatre,_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amman%2C_Roman_Theatre%2C_Jordan.jpg/220px-Amman%2C_Roman_Theatre%2C_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amman%2C_Roman_Theatre%2C_Jordan.jpg/330px-Amman%2C_Roman_Theatre%2C_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amman%2C_Roman_Theatre%2C_Jordan.jpg/440px-Amman%2C_Roman_Theatre%2C_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2071" data-file-height="1553" /></a><figcaption>Celebrations of Amman's centennial in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Aside from mainstream <a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic pop</a>, there is a growing independent music scene in the city which includes many bands that have sizable audiences across the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. Local Ammani bands along with other bands in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> gather in the Roman Theater during the <a href="/wiki/Al-Balad_Music_Festival" title="Al-Balad Music Festival">Al-Balad Music Festival</a> held annually in August. Music genres of the local bands are diverse, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Rock">Arabic Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap">rap</a>. Performers include <a href="/wiki/JadaL" title="JadaL">JadaL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torabyeh" title="Torabyeh">Torabyeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilocate" title="Bilocate">Bilocate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akher_Zapheer" title="Akher Zapheer">Akher Zapheer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autostrad_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrad (band)">Autostrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Morabba3" title="El Morabba3">El Morabba3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many events take place in Amman, including <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a>-sponsored events Soundclash and Soapbox race, the second part of <a href="/wiki/Jerash_Festival" title="Jerash Festival">Jerash Festival</a>, Al-Balad Music Festival, <a href="/wiki/Amman_Marathon" title="Amman Marathon">Amman Marathon</a>, Made in Jordan Festival, Amman Book Festival and <a href="/wiki/New_Think_Festival" title="New Think Festival">New Think Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venues for such cultural events often include the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Theater_(Amman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Theater (Amman)">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odeon_theater_(Amman)" title="Odeon theater (Amman)">Odeon</a> Theaters downtown, the <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al-Ein_area" title="Ras Al-Ein area">Ras al Ain Hanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Hussein_Business_Park" title="King Hussein Business Park">King Hussein Business Park</a>, Rainbow Theater and Shams Theater, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Film_Commission_%E2%80%93_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Film Commission – Jordan">Royal Film Commission</a>, Shoman libraries and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darat_al_Funun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darat al Funun (page does not exist)">Darat al Funun</a>, and the Royal Cultural Center at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_City_(Amman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sports City (Amman) (page does not exist)">Sports City</a>. In addition to large-scale events and institutional planning, scholars point to <a href="/wiki/Tactical_urbanism" title="Tactical urbanism">tactical urbanism</a> as a key element of the city's cultural fabric.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Alia_International_Airport_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Queen_Alia_International_Airport_Terminal.jpg/220px-Queen_Alia_International_Airport_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Queen_Alia_International_Airport_Terminal.jpg/330px-Queen_Alia_International_Airport_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Queen_Alia_International_Airport_Terminal.jpg/440px-Queen_Alia_International_Airport_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Queen Alia International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>The main airport serving Amman is <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alia_International_Airport" title="Queen Alia International Airport">Queen Alia International Airport</a>, situated about 30 km (18.64 mi) south of Amman. Much smaller is <a href="/wiki/Amman_Civil_Airport" title="Amman Civil Airport">Amman Civil Airport</a>, a one-terminal airport that serves primarily domestic and nearby international routes and the army. Queen Alia International Airport is the major <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> in Jordan and the <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hub</a> for <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian" title="Royal Jordanian">Royal Jordanian</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a>. Its expansion was recently done and modified, including the decommissioning of the old terminals and the commissioning of new terminals costing $700M, to handle over 16 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now considered a state-of-the-art airport and was named 'the best airport in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>' for 2014 and 2015 and 'the best improvement in the Middle East' for 2014 by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Airport_Service_Quality_Award_winners" title="List of Airport Service Quality Award winners">Airport Service Quality</a> Survey, the world's leading airport passenger satisfaction benchmark program.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Amman" title="List of roads in Amman">List of roads in Amman</a></div> <p>Amman has an extensive road network. Eight <a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">roundabout</a> "circles", which formerly marked neighborhoods, are used as landmarks.<sup id="cite_ref-KH_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KH-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The road network includes many bridges and tunnels due to the mountainous nature of the terrain. A leading example is the <a href="/wiki/Abdoun_Bridge" title="Abdoun Bridge">Abdoun Bridge</a>, which spans <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Abdoun" title="Wadi Abdoun">Wadi Abdoun</a> and connects the <a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Amman#Circles" title="List of roads in Amman">4th Circle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Abdoun_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdoun Circle">Abdoun Circle</a>. It is considered one of Amman's many landmarks and is the first curved suspended bridge to be built in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-KH_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KH-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdoun_Bridge_-_Amman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Abdoun_Bridge_-_Amman.jpg/220px-Abdoun_Bridge_-_Amman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Abdoun_Bridge_-_Amman.jpg/330px-Abdoun_Bridge_-_Amman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Abdoun_Bridge_-_Amman.jpg/440px-Abdoun_Bridge_-_Amman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5516" data-file-height="2915" /></a><figcaption>Abdoun Bridge, considered one of Amman's landmarks</figcaption></figure> <p>Successive waves of refugees to the city has led to the rapid construction of new neighborhoods, but Amman's capacity for new or widened roads remains limited despite the influx. This has resulted in increasing traffic jams, particularly during summer when there are large numbers of tourists and Jordanian expatriates visiting.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, a <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a> encompassing the city was constructed, which aims to connect the northern and southern parts of the city in order for traffic to be diverted outside Amman and to improve the environmental conditions in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BRT_in_Amman,_Jordan_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BRT_in_Amman%2C_Jordan_3.jpg/175px-BRT_in_Amman%2C_Jordan_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BRT_in_Amman%2C_Jordan_3.jpg/263px-BRT_in_Amman%2C_Jordan_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BRT_in_Amman%2C_Jordan_3.jpg/350px-BRT_in_Amman%2C_Jordan_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a><figcaption>BRT bus at a stop along its route</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_and_taxi">Bus and taxi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bus and taxi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has frequent bus connections to other cities in Jordan, as well as to major cities in neighboring countries; the latter are also served by service taxis. Internal transport is served by a number of bus routes and taxis. Service taxis, which most often operate on fixed routes, are readily available and inexpensive. The two main bus and taxi stations are Abdali (near the <a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_I_Mosque" title="King Abdullah I Mosque">King Abdullah Mosque</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Parliament</a> and Palace of Justice) and the Raghadan Central Bus Station near the Roman theater in the city center. Popular Jordanian bus company services include JETT and Al-Mahatta. Taxis are the most common way to get around in Amman due their high availability and inexpensiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Amman_Bus" title="Amman Bus">Amman Bus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amman_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Amman Bus Rapid Transit">Amman Bus Rapid Transit</a> public transportation systems currently serve the city. Construction work on the BRT system started in 2010, but was halted soon after amid feasibility concerns. Resuming in 2015, the first route of the BRT system was inaugurated in 2021, and the second in 2022. Another BRT route <a href="/wiki/Amman-Zarqa_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Amman-Zarqa Bus Rapid Transit">connecting Amman with Zarqa</a> started operations in May 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-BRT_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRT-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BRT system in Amman runs on 2 routes: the first from <a href="/wiki/Sweileh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweileh">Sweileh</a> in northwest Amman to the Ras Al-Ain area next to <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Amman" title="Downtown Amman">downtown Amman</a>, and the second from Sweileh to Mahatta terminal in eastern Amman. Both routes meet at the Sports City intersection. The first route is currently served by three lines: 98, 99 and 100.<sup id="cite_ref-BRT_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRT-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ticket price for all lines of Amman Bus and Amman BRT are bought either online via the Amman Bus mobile application or as a rechargeable card in major terminals. Passengers scan their cards or QR codes on phone when boarding the bus, where the price ticket is subtracted from the available balance. The buses are air-conditioned, accessible, monitored with security cameras and have free internet service.<sup id="cite_ref-BRT_160-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRT-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Jordan" title="List of universities in Jordan">List of universities in Jordan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isra_University.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Isra_University.JPG/220px-Isra_University.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Isra_University.JPG/330px-Isra_University.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Isra_University.JPG/440px-Isra_University.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4900" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al-Isra_University" title="Al-Isra University">Al-Isra University</a> in Amman</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Jordan_Monuments_and_Buildings_114.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/University_of_Jordan_Monuments_and_Buildings_114.jpg/220px-University_of_Jordan_Monuments_and_Buildings_114.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/University_of_Jordan_Monuments_and_Buildings_114.jpg/330px-University_of_Jordan_Monuments_and_Buildings_114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/University_of_Jordan_Monuments_and_Buildings_114.jpg/440px-University_of_Jordan_Monuments_and_Buildings_114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jordan" title="University of Jordan">University of Jordan</a> library</figcaption></figure> <p>Amman is a major regional center of education. The Amman region hosts Jordan's highest concentration of education centers. There are 20 universities in Amman. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Jordan" title="University of Jordan">University of Jordan</a> is the largest public university in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 448 private schools in the city attended by 90,000 students,<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_School" title="Jubilee School">Jubilee School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amman_Baccalaureate_School" title="Amman Baccalaureate School">Amman Baccalaureate School</a>, Amman Academy, <a href="/wiki/Amman_National_School" title="Amman National School">Amman National School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_American_School_(Jordan)" title="Modern American School (Jordan)">Modern American School</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Community_School_in_Amman" title="American Community School in Amman">American Community School in Amman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Orthodox_School" title="National Orthodox School">National Orthodox School</a>. </p><p>Universities include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jordan" title="University of Jordan">University of Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahliyya_Amman_University" title="Al-Ahliyya Amman University">Al-Ahliyya Amman University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Isra_University" title="Al-Isra University">Al-Isra University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zaytoonah_University_of_Jordan" title="Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan">Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amman_Arab_University" title="Amman Arab University">Amman Arab University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Science_Private_University" title="Applied Science Private University">Applied Science University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Academy_for_Banking_and_Financial_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences">Arab Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Open_University" title="Arab Open University">Arab Open University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>: Amman Branch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-Jordanian_University" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Jordanian University">German-Jordanian University</a>: Amman Branch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Academy_for_Maritime_Studies" title="Jordan Academy for Maritime Studies">Jordan Academy for Maritime Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Academy_of_Music" title="Jordan Academy of Music">Jordan Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Institute_of_Banking_Studies" title="Jordan Institute of Banking Studies">Jordan Institute of Banking Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Media_Institute" title="Jordan Media Institute">Jordan Media Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_University_(Jordan)" title="Middle East University (Jordan)">Middle East University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Petra" title="University of Petra">University of Petra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_University_(Jordan)" title="Philadelphia University (Jordan)">Philadelphia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sumaya_University_for_Technology" title="Princess Sumaya University for Technology">Princess Sumaya University for Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Noor_Civil_Aviation_Technical_College" title="Queen Noor Civil Aviation Technical College">Queen Noor Civil Aviation Technical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Islamic_Sciences_and_Education_University" title="World Islamic Sciences and Education University">World Islamic Sciences and Education University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Jordan" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Jordan">List of twin towns and sister cities in Jordan</a></div> <p>Amman is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman"><img alt="Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a>, Oman (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, Saudi Arabia (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, Morocco (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a>, Yemen (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, Pakistan (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, Sudan (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, Qatar (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, Algeria (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a>, Mauritania (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, Tunisia (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, Lebanon (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a>, Honduras (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, United States (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, Italy (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Central_Governorate_(Bahrain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Governorate (Bahrain)">Central Governorate</a>, Bahrain (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>, Kyrgyzstan (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, United States (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sylhet" title="Sylhet">Sylhet</a>, Bangladesh</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, Singapore (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, United States (2015)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorful_Lovely_Lights_of_Amman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Royal Hotel"><img alt="Le Royal Hotel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Colorful_Lovely_Lights_of_Amman.jpg/272px-Colorful_Lovely_Lights_of_Amman.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Colorful_Lovely_Lights_of_Amman.jpg/408px-Colorful_Lovely_Lights_of_Amman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Colorful_Lovely_Lights_of_Amman.jpg/544px-Colorful_Lovely_Lights_of_Amman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Le_Royal_Hotel_(Amman)" title="Le Royal Hotel (Amman)">Le Royal Hotel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 309.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 307.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alsa%27adah_Street._King_Fisal_I_Square,_Amman_19.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Amman"><img alt="Downtown Amman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alsa%27adah_Street._King_Fisal_I_Square%2C_Amman_19.JPG/461px-Alsa%27adah_Street._King_Fisal_I_Square%2C_Amman_19.JPG" decoding="async" width="308" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alsa%27adah_Street._King_Fisal_I_Square%2C_Amman_19.JPG/691px-Alsa%27adah_Street._King_Fisal_I_Square%2C_Amman_19.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alsa%27adah_Street._King_Fisal_I_Square%2C_Amman_19.JPG/921px-Alsa%27adah_Street._King_Fisal_I_Square%2C_Amman_19.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Amman" title="Downtown Amman">Downtown Amman</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_photograph_of_Amman_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view"><img alt="Aerial view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Aerial_photograph_of_Amman_%283%29.JPG/320px-Aerial_photograph_of_Amman_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Aerial_photograph_of_Amman_%283%29.JPG/480px-Aerial_photograph_of_Amman_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Aerial_photograph_of_Amman_%283%29.JPG/639px-Aerial_photograph_of_Amman_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1690" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdali_2024_sunset.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdali Lights at Sunset"><img alt="Abdali Lights at Sunset" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Abdali_2024_sunset.png/320px-Abdali_2024_sunset.png" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Abdali_2024_sunset.png/480px-Abdali_2024_sunset.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Abdali_2024_sunset.png/640px-Abdali_2024_sunset.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abdali Lights at Sunset</div> </li> </ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:923px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Amman from the Citadel hill"><img alt="Panorama of Amman, the capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, from the Citadel hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amman_Panorama.jpg/915px-Amman_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="915" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amman_Panorama.jpg/1373px-Amman_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amman_Panorama.jpg/1830px-Amman_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7566" data-file-height="1901" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Amman Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Amman from the Citadel hill</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Amman" title="List of tallest buildings in Amman">List of tallest buildings in Amman</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jordan" title="Portal:Jordan">Jordan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTrent_Holden,_Anna_Metcalfe2009" class="citation book cs1">Trent Holden, Anna Metcalfe (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wGCGLEO-Vs8C&pg=PA36"><i>The Cities Book: A Journey Through the Best Cities in the World</i></a>. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-887-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-887-6"><bdi>978-1-74179-887-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518195053/https://books.google.com/books?id=wGCGLEO-Vs8C&pg=PA36">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cities+Book%3A+A+Journey+Through+the+Best+Cities+in+the+World&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-74179-887-6&rft.au=Trent+Holden%2C+Anna+Metcalfe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGCGLEO-Vs8C%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StFood-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StFood_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StFood_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926043908/http://beamman.com/food-/175-amman-street-food">"Amman's Street Food"</a>. <i>BeAmman.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beamman.com/food-/175-amman-street-food">the original</a> on 26 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BeAmman.com&rft.atitle=Amman%27s+Street+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeamman.com%2Ffood-%2F175-amman-street-food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/new-amman-mayor-pledges-fair-and-responsible%E2%80%99-governance">"New Amman mayor pledges 'fair and responsible' governance"</a>. <i>jodantimes.com</i>. 21 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180811055857/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/new-amman-mayor-pledges-fair-and-responsible%E2%80%99-governance">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jodantimes.com&rft.atitle=New+Amman+mayor+pledges+%27fair+and+responsible%27+governance&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnew-amman-mayor-pledges-fair-and-responsible%25E2%2580%2599-governance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalparliamentofmayors.org/new-member-yousef-al-shawarbeh-amman-jordan/">"New Member: Yousef Al-Shawarbeh – Amman, Jordan"</a>. <i>globalparliamentofmayors.org</i>. June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224023821/https://globalparliamentofmayors.org/new-member-yousef-al-shawarbeh-amman-jordan/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globalparliamentofmayors.org&rft.atitle=New+Member%3A+Yousef+Al-Shawarbeh+%E2%80%93+Amman%2C+Jordan&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalparliamentofmayors.org%2Fnew-member-yousef-al-shawarbeh-amman-jordan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lipiński-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lipiński_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lipiński_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipiński2006" class="citation book cs1">Lipiński, Edward (2006). <i>On the Skirts of Canaan in the Iron Age: Historical and Topographical Researches</i>. Peeters Publishers. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9042917989" title="Special:BookSources/978-9042917989"><bdi>978-9042917989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Skirts+of+Canaan+in+the+Iron+Age%3A+Historical+and+Topographical+Researches&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-9042917989&rft.aulast=Lipi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParpola1970" class="citation book cs1">Parpola, Simo (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/neoassyriantopon0000parp"><i>Neo-Assyrian Toponyms</i></a>. Kevaeler: Butzon & Bercker. p. 76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neo-Assyrian+Toponyms&rft.place=Kevaeler&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Butzon+%26+Bercker&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Parpola&rft.aufirst=Simo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fneoassyriantopon0000parp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabianbusiness.com/revealed--20-cities-uae-residents-visit-most-590870.html">"Revealed: the 20 cities UAE residents visit most"</a>. Arabian Business Publishing Ltd. 1 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926153303/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/revealed--20-cities-uae-residents-visit-most-590870.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revealed%3A+the+20+cities+UAE+residents+visit+most&rft.pub=Arabian+Business+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabianbusiness.com%2Frevealed--20-cities-uae-residents-visit-most-590870.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RefC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RefC_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RefC_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/DataBank/Population_Estimares/PopulationEstimatesbyLocality.pdf">"Population Estimates for The End of 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Statistics (DoS). January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128180409/http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/DataBank/Population_Estimares/PopulationEstimatesbyLocality.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Population+Estimates+for+The+End+of+2021&rft.date=2022-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdosweb.dos.gov.jo%2FDataBank%2FPopulation_Estimares%2FPopulationEstimatesbyLocality.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref12-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref12_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref12_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref12_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_DumperBruce_E._Stanley2007" class="citation book cs1">Michael Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA35"><i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-919-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518200604/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-919-5&rft.au=Michael+Dumper&rft.au=Bruce+E.+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930055247/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/aqel-biltaji-appointed-amman-mayor">"Aqel Biltaji appointed as Amman mayor"</a>. <i>The Jordan Times</i>. 8 September 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/aqel-biltaji-appointed-amman-mayor">the original</a> on 30 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Aqel+Biltaji+appointed+as+Amman+mayor&rft.date=2013-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Faqel-biltaji-appointed-amman-mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObeidat2014" class="citation web cs1">Obeidat, Omar (12 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/west-amman-furnished-apartments-cashing-tourist-influx">"West Amman furnished apartments cashing in on tour"</a>. <i>The Jordan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072858/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/west-amman-furnished-apartments-cashing-tourist-influx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=West+Amman+furnished+apartments+cashing+in+on+tour&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft.aulast=Obeidat&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fwest-amman-furnished-apartments-cashing-tourist-influx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacBride2014" class="citation web cs1">MacBride, Elizabeth (31 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethmacbride/2014/12/31/how-a-startup-from-amman-grew-to-1b-views-on-youtube/">"How a Startup from the Arab World Grabs 1B Views on YouTube"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729115629/https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethmacbride/2014/12/31/how-a-startup-from-amman-grew-to-1b-views-on-youtube/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=How+a+Startup+from+the+Arab+World+Grabs+1B+Views+on+YouTube&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.aulast=MacBride&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Felizabethmacbride%2F2014%2F12%2F31%2Fhow-a-startup-from-amman-grew-to-1b-views-on-youtube%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html">"The World According to GaWC 2020"</a>. <i>Globalization and World Cities – Research Network</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html">the original</a> on 24 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalization+and+World+Cities+%E2%80%93+Research+Network&rft.atitle=The+World+According+to+GaWC+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2020t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIANS/WAM2010" class="citation news cs1">IANS/WAM (26 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130082450/http://sify.com/news/abu-dhabi-voted-best-city-in-mena-region-news-international-kl0wuhjcbdc.html">"Abu Dhab duke City' in MENA region"</a>. <i>sify news</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sify.com/news/abu-dhabi-voted-best-city-in-mena-region-news-international-kl0wuhjcbdc.html">the original</a> on 30 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=sify+news&rft.atitle=Abu+Dhab+duke+City%27+in+MENA+region&rft.date=2010-11-26&rft.au=IANS%2FWAM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsify.com%2Fnews%2Fabu-dhabi-voted-best-city-in-mena-region-news-international-kl0wuhjcbdc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dunia-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dunia_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dunia_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://duniafrontier.com/research/doha-amman">"Amman Favored by MNCs as New Regional Hub"</a>. Dunia Frontier Consultants, Doha. 25 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130311164305/http://duniafrontier.com/research/doha-amman">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amman+Favored+by+MNCs+as+New+Regional+Hub&rft.pub=Dunia+Frontier+Consultants%2C+Doha&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fduniafrontier.com%2Fresearch%2Fdoha-amman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/BDB%2C_%D7%A8%D6%B7%D7%91%D6%B8%D6%BC%D7%94.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">"BDB, רַבָּה 1"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=BDB%2C+%D7%A8%D6%B7%D7%91%D6%B8%D6%BC%D7%94+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBDB%252C_%25D7%25A8%25D6%25B7%25D7%2591%25D6%25B8%25D6%25BC%25D7%2594.1%3Flang%3Dbi%26with%3Dall%26lang2%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mansaf.org/catholic/misdar.htm">"MISDAR"</a>. <i>mansaf.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060813/http://www.mansaf.org/catholic/misdar.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mansaf.org&rft.atitle=MISDAR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mansaf.org%2Fcatholic%2Fmisdar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002102003/http://ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/about.asp">"About GAM => History"</a>. <i>Greater Amman Municipality</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/about.asp">the original</a> on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greater+Amman+Municipality&rft.atitle=About+GAM+%3D%3E+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fen%2Fgam%2Fabout.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912010835/https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/l/lime_plaster_statues.aspx">"Lime Plaster statues"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. Trustees of the British Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/l/lime_plaster_statues.aspx">the original</a> on 12 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Lime+Plaster+statues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fhighlights%2Fhighlight_objects%2Fme%2Fl%2Flime_plaster_statues.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docslide.us/documents/prehistoric-settlements-of-the-middle-east.html">"Prehistoric Settlements of the Middle East"</a>. <i>bhavika1990</i>. 8 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925132728/http://docslide.us/documents/prehistoric-settlements-of-the-middle-east.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bhavika1990&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+Settlements+of+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocslide.us%2Fdocuments%2Fprehistoric-settlements-of-the-middle-east.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gard-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gard_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gard_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinerMamiya2006" class="citation book cs1">Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2006). <i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective: Volume 1</i> (Twelfth ed.). <a href="/wiki/Belmont,_California" title="Belmont, California">Belmont, California</a>: Wadsworth Publishing. pp. 11–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-495-00479-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-495-00479-0"><bdi>0-495-00479-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages%3A+The+Western+Perspective%3A+Volume+1&rft.place=Belmont%2C+California&rft.pages=11-2&rft.edition=Twelfth&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-495-00479-0&rft.aulast=Kleiner&rft.aufirst=Fred+S.&rft.au=Mamiya%2C+Christin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarre2005" class="citation book cs1">Scarre, Chris, ed. (2005). <i>The Human Past</i>. Thames & Hudson. p. 222.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Past&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_testament.html">"The Old Testament Kingdoms of Jordan"</a>. <i>kinghussein.gov.jo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506015442/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_testament.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kinghussein.gov.jo&rft.atitle=The+Old+Testament+Kingdoms+of+Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinghussein.gov.jo%2Fhis_testament.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblestudywithrandy.com/2014/08/temple-human-sacrifice-amman-jordan">"Temple of Human Sacrifice: Amman Jordan"</a>. <i>Randy McCracken</i>. 22 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001143535/http://www.biblestudywithrandy.com/2014/08/temple-human-sacrifice-amman-jordan/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Randy+McCracken&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Human+Sacrifice%3A+Amman+Jordan&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblestudywithrandy.com%2F2014%2F08%2Ftemple-human-sacrifice-amman-jordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/daily-life-and-practice/first-person-human-sacrifice-to-an-ammonite-god/">"First Person: Human Sacrifice to an Ammonite God?"</a>. <i>Hershel Shanks</i>. Biblical Archaeology Review. September–October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221124042928/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/daily-life-and-practice/first-person-human-sacrifice-to-an-ammonite-god/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hershel+Shanks&rft.atitle=First+Person%3A+Human+Sacrifice+to+an+Ammonite+God%3F&rft.date=2014-09%2F2014-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fancient-cultures%2Fdaily-life-and-practice%2Ffirst-person-human-sacrifice-to-an-ammonite-god%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horn, S. H. (1973). The Crown of the King of the Ammonites. <i>Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)</i>, <i>11</i>(2), 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond1960" class="citation journal cs1">Hammond, Philip C. (1 December 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/1355646">"An Ammonite Stamp Seal from 'Amman"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>. <b>160</b> (160): 38–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1355646">10.2307/1355646</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-097X">0003-097X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1355646">1355646</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163202864">163202864</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124021940/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/1355646">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=An+Ammonite+Stamp+Seal+from+%27Amman&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=160&rft.pages=38-41&rft.date=1960-12-01&rft.issn=0003-097X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163202864%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1355646%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1355646&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Philip+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.2307%2F1355646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/place/rujm-al-malfouf/">"Rujm al-Malfouf"</a>. Livius.org. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725233829/https://www.livius.org/articles/place/rujm-al-malfouf/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rujm+al-Malfouf&rft.pub=Livius.org&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Farticles%2Fplace%2Frujm-al-malfouf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060715/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/services/histdetails.asp?id=5">"Rujom Al Malfouf (Al Malfouf heap of stones / Tower)"</a>. Greater Amman Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/services/histdetails.asp?id=5">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rujom+Al+Malfouf+%28Al+Malfouf+heap+of+stones+%2F+Tower%29&rft.pub=Greater+Amman+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fen%2Fservices%2Fhistdetails.asp%3Fid%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KHh-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KHh_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KHh_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_hellenistic.html">"The Hellenistic Period"</a>. <i>kinghussein.gov.jo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701042013/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_hellenistic.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kinghussein.gov.jo&rft.atitle=The+Hellenistic+Period&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinghussein.gov.jo%2Fhis_hellenistic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen2006-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen2006_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen,_Getzel_M.2006" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Getzel M. (3 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RqdPcxuNthcC&pg=PA268"><i>The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93102-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93102-2"><bdi>978-0-520-93102-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521211950/https://books.google.com/books?id=RqdPcxuNthcC&pg=PA268">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hellenistic+Settlements+in+Syria%2C+the+Red+Sea+Basin%2C+and+North+Africa&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006-10-03&rft.isbn=978-0-520-93102-2&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Getzel+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRqdPcxuNthcC%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKropp,_Andreas_J._M.2013" class="citation book cs1">Kropp, Andreas J. M. (27 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fsoipziOWpYC&pg=PA98"><i>Images and Monuments of Near Eastern Dynasts, 100 BC – AD 100</i></a>. OUP, Oxford. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967072-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967072-7"><bdi>978-0-19-967072-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518201432/https://books.google.com/books?id=fsoipziOWpYC&pg=PA98">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+and+Monuments+of+Near+Eastern+Dynasts%2C+100+BC+%E2%80%93+AD+100&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=OUP%2C+Oxford&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft.isbn=978-0-19-967072-7&rft.au=Kropp%2C+Andreas+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfsoipziOWpYC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ifpo-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ifpo_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ifpo_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_l'Institut_français_du_Proche-Orient2014" class="citation book cs1">de l'Institut français du Proche-Orient (11 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4894?lang=en"><i>The Hellenistic Age – (323 – 30 BC)</i></a>. Contemporain publications. Presses de l'Ifpo. pp. 134–141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782351594384" title="Special:BookSources/9782351594384"><bdi>9782351594384</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923061820/http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4894?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hellenistic+Age+%E2%80%93+%28323+%E2%80%93+30+BC%29&rft.series=Contemporain+publications&rft.pages=134-141&rft.pub=Presses+de+l%27Ifpo&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.isbn=9782351594384&rft.au=de+l%27Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+du+Proche-Orient&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4894%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOA-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DOA_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOA_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOA_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215527/http://www.doa.gov.jo/En/inside.php?src=sublinks&SlID=5024&MlID=8">"The History of a Land"</a>. Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Department of Antiquities (DoA). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doa.gov.jo/En/inside.php?src=sublinks&SlID=5024&MlID=8">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+a+Land&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Tourism+and+Antiquities%2C+Department+of+Antiquities+%28DoA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doa.gov.jo%2FEn%2Finside.php%3Fsrc%3Dsublinks%26SlID%3D5024%26MlID%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KH-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KH_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KH_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KH_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KH_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KH_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/tourism1.html">"Touristic Sites - Amman"</a>. <i>kinghussein.gov.jo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115010437/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/tourism1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kinghussein.gov.jo&rft.atitle=Touristic+Sites+-+Amman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinghussein.gov.jo%2Ftourism1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ifpo-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ifpo_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli_Kassay2011" class="citation book cs1">Ali Kassay (2011). "The Exclusion of Amman from Jordanian National Identity". In Myriam Ababsa; Rami Farouk Daher (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/1748?lang=en"><i>Cities, Urban Practices and Nation Building in Jordan</i></a>. Cahiers de l'Ifpo Nr. 6. Beirut: Presses de l'Ifpo. pp. 256–271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782351591826" title="Special:BookSources/9782351591826"><bdi>9782351591826</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226111837/http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/1748?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Exclusion+of+Amman+from+Jordanian+National+Identity&rft.btitle=Cities%2C+Urban+Practices+and+Nation+Building+in+Jordan&rft.place=Beirut&rft.series=Cahiers+de+l%27Ifpo+Nr.+6&rft.pages=256-271&rft.pub=Presses+de+l%27Ifpo&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9782351591826&rft.au=Ali+Kassay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F1748%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arce-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arce_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnacio_Arce2003" class="citation journal cs1">Ignacio Arce (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085959/http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CIHC1_022_Arce%20I.pdf">"Early Islamic lime kilns from the Near East. The cases from Amman Citadel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History, Madrid, 20th–24th January 2003</i>. Madrid: S. Huerta: 213–224. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CIHC1_022_Arce%20I.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+First+International+Congress+on+Construction+History%2C+Madrid%2C+20th%E2%80%9324th+January+2003&rft.atitle=Early+Islamic+lime+kilns+from+the+Near+East.+The+cases+from+Amman+Citadel&rft.pages=213-224&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Ignacio+Arce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sedhc.es%2Fbiblioteca%2Factas%2FCIHC1_022_Arce%2520I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strange391-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strange391_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strange391_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Strange 1896, p. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Strange_1896,_p._15_and_p._18-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Le_Strange_1896,_p._15_and_p._18_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Le_Strange_1896,_p._15_and_p._18_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Strange 1896, p. 15 and p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strange392-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strange392_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strange392_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Strange 1896, p. 392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barber-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barber_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Barber" title="Malcolm Barber">Barber, Malcolm</a> (2003) "The career of Philip of Nablus in the kingdom of Jerusalem", in <i>The Experience of Crusading, vol. 2: Defining the Crusader Kingdom</i>, eds. Peter Edbury and Jonathan Phillips, Cambridge University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2012" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Malcolm (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3uFtzINjLAoC&pg=PA86"><i>The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60473-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60473-5"><bdi>978-1-107-60473-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518204458/https://books.google.com/books?id=3uFtzINjLAoC&pg=PA86">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Knighthood%3A+A+History+of+the+Order+of+the+Temple&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-60473-5&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3uFtzINjLAoC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pringle-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pringle_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pringle_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenys_Pringle2009" class="citation book cs1">Denys Pringle (2009). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Amman (P4)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA152"><i>Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological Gazetteer</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521102636" title="Special:BookSources/9780521102636"><bdi>9780521102636</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518201421/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA152">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Amman+%28P4%29&rft.btitle=Secular+Buildings+in+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+An+Archaeological+Gazetteer&rft.pages=112-113&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780521102636&rft.au=Denys+Pringle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_NbE5obqRMC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohns1994" class="citation book cs1">Johns, Jeremy (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lh1_ernmsnwC&pg=PA12">"<i>The Long Durée</i>: State and Settlement Strategies in Southern Transjordan across the Islamic Centuries"</a>. In Rogan, Eugene L.; Tell, Tariq (eds.). <i>Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan</i>. London: British Academic Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850438298" title="Special:BookSources/9781850438298"><bdi>9781850438298</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102122154/https://books.google.com/books?id=lh1_ernmsnwC&pg=PA12">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Long+Dur%C3%A9e%3A+State+and+Settlement+Strategies+in+Southern+Transjordan+across+the+Islamic+Centuries&rft.btitle=Village%2C+Steppe+and+State%3A+The+Social+Origins+of+Modern+Jordan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=British+Academic+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781850438298&rft.aulast=Johns&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlh1_ernmsnwC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Strange 1896, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker 2015, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker 2015, pp. 119–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker120-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker120_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker120_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker120_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker120_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker120_48-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker 2015, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker 2015, pp. 120–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker 2015, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawn-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dawn_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawn_Chatty2010" class="citation book cs1">Dawn Chatty (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8OsgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA117"><i>Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East</i></a>. The Contemporary Middle East (Book 5). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521817929" title="Special:BookSources/9780521817929"><bdi>9780521817929</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518204153/https://books.google.com/books?id=8OsgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA117">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Displacement+and+Dispossession+in+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+Contemporary+Middle+East+%28Book+5%29&rft.pages=116-117&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780521817929&rft.au=Dawn+Chatty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8OsgAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McEvedy-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McEvedy_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_McEvedy2011" class="citation book cs1">Colin McEvedy (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VZowqTafiacC&pg=PT37"><i>Cities of the Classical World: An Atlas and Gazetteer of 120 Centres of Ancient Civilization</i></a>. London: Allen Lane/Penguin Books. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141967639" title="Special:BookSources/9780141967639"><bdi>9780141967639</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518201422/https://books.google.com/books?id=VZowqTafiacC&pg=PT37">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Classical+World%3A+An+Atlas+and+Gazetteer+of+120+Centres+of+Ancient+Civilization&rft.place=London&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Allen+Lane%2FPenguin+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780141967639&rft.au=Colin+McEvedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVZowqTafiacC%26pg%3DPT37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamed-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamed_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamed_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamed_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamed_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamed_53-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamed-Troyansky2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir (2017). "Circassians and the Making of Amman, 1878–1914". <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>49</b> (4): 605–623. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743817000617">10.1017/S0020743817000617</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165801425">165801425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=Circassians+and+the+Making+of+Amman%2C+1878%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=605-623&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743817000617&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165801425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hamed-Troyansky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogan2002-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogan2002_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_L._Rogan2002" class="citation book cs1">Eugene L. Rogan (11 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMAbXGQDmDYC&pg=PA73"><i>Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89223-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89223-0"><bdi>978-0-521-89223-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429084437/https://books.google.com/books?id=AMAbXGQDmDYC&pg=PA73">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+the+State+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Empire%3A+Transjordan%2C+1850%E2%80%931921&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-04-11&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89223-0&rft.au=Eugene+L.+Rogan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAMAbXGQDmDYC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanania2-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hanania2_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanania 2018, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanania3-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanania3_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanania3_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanania3_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanania3_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanania3_56-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanania3_56-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanania3_56-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanania 2018, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofeasternp00conduoft">Survey of Eastern Palestine</a> (1889), pages 29 and 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanania 2018, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.albawaba.com/news/deputy-mayor-amman-inaugurates-%E2%80%9Cdocumenting-amman%E2%80%9D-conference">"Deputy Mayor of Amman Inaugurates "Documenting Amman" Conference"</a>. <i>Bawaba</i>. 30 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162104/https://www.albawaba.com/news/deputy-mayor-amman-inaugurates-%E2%80%9Cdocumenting-amman%E2%80%9D-conference">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bawaba&rft.atitle=Deputy+Mayor+of+Amman+Inaugurates+%22Documenting+Amman%22+Conference&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albawaba.com%2Fnews%2Fdeputy-mayor-amman-inaugurates-%25E2%2580%259Cdocumenting-amman%25E2%2580%259D-conference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer_C._TuckerPriscilla_Mary_Roberts2005" class="citation book cs1">Spencer C. Tucker; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PA98"><i>Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2"><bdi>978-1-85109-420-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518225250/https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PA98">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+War+I%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-420-2&rft.au=Spencer+C.+Tucker&rft.au=Priscilla+Mary+Roberts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryP-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HistoryP_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReem_Khamis-DakwarKaren_Froud2014" class="citation book cs1">Reem Khamis-Dakwar; Karen Froud (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ctjLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XXVI: Papers from the annual symposium on Arabic Linguistics. New York, 2012</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9027269683" title="Special:BookSources/978-9027269683"><bdi>978-9027269683</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725233244/https://books.google.com/books?id=ctjLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Arabic+Linguistics+XXVI%3A+Papers+from+the+annual+symposium+on+Arabic+Linguistics.+New+York%2C+2012&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9027269683&rft.au=Reem+Khamis-Dakwar&rft.au=Karen+Froud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DctjLBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the year 1933, Colonial No. 94, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JWT-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JWT_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordanwildernesstours.com/amman.htm">"Amman"</a>. <i>Jordan Wild Tours</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026025059/http://www.jordanwildernesstours.com/amman.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jordan+Wild+Tours&rft.atitle=Amman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordanwildernesstours.com%2Famman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_H._Cordesman2006" class="citation book cs1">Anthony H. Cordesman (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3eZK7cm6pjoC&pg=PA228"><i>Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99186-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99186-9"><bdi>978-0-275-99186-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018104403/https://books.google.com/books?id=3eZK7cm6pjoC&pg=PA228">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab-Israeli+Military+Forces+in+an+Era+of+Asymmetric+Wars&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-275-99186-9&rft.au=Anthony+H.+Cordesman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3eZK7cm6pjoC%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173807/http://www.addustour.com/sn/962321/">"تـفـجيـرات عمـان.. حدث أليم لم ينل من إرادة الأردنيين"</a>. <i>Addustor</i> (in Arabic). Addustor newspaper. 9 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.addustour.com/sn/962321/">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addustor&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D9%80%D9%81%D9%80%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%86..+%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB+%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85+%D9%84%D9%85+%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86&rft.date=2014-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.addustour.com%2Fsn%2F962321%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfranews.com.jo/more-96531-1-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%202005%20%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%AA%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%20%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1%20%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%B8%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87%20%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8">"تفجيرات عمان 2005 دفعت بالأردن ليكون أكثر يقظة في تصديه للإرهاب"</a>. <i>JFRA News</i> (in Arabic). 9 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094157/http://www.jfranews.com.jo/more-96531-1-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%202005%20%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%AA%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%20%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1%20%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%B8%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87%20%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JFRA+News&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+2005+%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1+%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%B8%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8&rft.date=2014-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfranews.com.jo%2Fmore-96531-1-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2520%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25202005%2520%25D8%25AF%25D9%2581%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AA%2520%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%2520%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%2520%25D8%25A3%25D9%2583%25D8%25AB%25D8%25B1%2520%25D9%258A%25D9%2582%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A9%2520%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%2520%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2587%2520%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexandra_Francis2015" class="citation web cs1">Alexandra Francis (21 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/2015/09/18/jordan-s-refugee-crisis/ihwc">"Jordan's Refugee Crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193733/http://carnegieendowment.org/2015/09/18/jordan-s-refugee-crisis/ihwc">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan%27s+Refugee+Crisis&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft.au=Alexandra+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2015%2F09%2F18%2Fjordan-s-refugee-crisis%2Fihwc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nordregio.org/amman-one-of-the-fastest-grown-cities-in-the-world-is-moving-towards-sustainable-city-planning/">"Amman, one of the fastest grown cities in the world, is moving towards sustainable city planning"</a>. <i>Nordregio</i>. 17 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116014216/https://www.nordregio.org/amman-one-of-the-fastest-grown-cities-in-the-world-is-moving-towards-sustainable-city-planning/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nordregio&rft.atitle=Amman%2C+one+of+the+fastest+grown+cities+in+the+world%2C+is+moving+towards+sustainable+city+planning&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnordregio.org%2Famman-one-of-the-fastest-grown-cities-in-the-world-is-moving-towards-sustainable-city-planning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamGreenway2003" class="citation book cs1">Ham, Anthony; Greenway, Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5x2pJuvWeOQC&pg=PA19"><i>Jordan</i></a>. Lonely Planet. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781740591652" title="Special:BookSources/9781740591652"><bdi>9781740591652</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713085723/https://books.google.com/books?id=5x2pJuvWeOQC&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781740591652&rft.aulast=Ham&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Greenway%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5x2pJuvWeOQC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonagan2009" class="citation book cs1">Donagan, Zechariah (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6vg_qlJyo7AC&pg=PA236"><i>Mountains Before the Temple</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Xulon_Press" title="Xulon Press">Xulon Press</a>. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1615795307" title="Special:BookSources/978-1615795307"><bdi>978-1615795307</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529082110/https://books.google.com/books?id=6vg_qlJyo7AC&pg=PA236">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountains+Before+the+Temple&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Xulon+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1615795307&rft.aulast=Donagan&rft.aufirst=Zechariah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6vg_qlJyo7AC%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBou2009" class="citation book cs1">Bou, Jean (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1F1tDIeEWwC&pg=PT159"><i>Light Horse: A History of Australia's Mounted Arm</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107276307" title="Special:BookSources/9781107276307"><bdi>9781107276307</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508153817/https://books.google.com/books?id=m1F1tDIeEWwC&pg=PT159">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+Horse%3A+A+History+of+Australia%27s+Mounted+Arm&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781107276307&rft.aulast=Bou&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm1F1tDIeEWwC%26pg%3DPT159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085655/http://www.cityscape.jo/page/about-jordan">"About Jordan"</a>. Cityscape. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityscape.jo/page/about-jordan">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Jordan&rft.pub=Cityscape&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityscape.jo%2Fpage%2Fabout-jordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160126135551/http://www.aswaqamman.com/books/ammanhights.htm">"ارتفاعات مناطق عمان الكبرى عن سطح البحر – ارتفاع محافظات المملكة الاردنية عن سطح البحر"</a>. <i>Aswaq Amman</i> (in Arabic). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aswaqamman.com/books/ammanhights.htm">the original</a> on 26 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aswaq+Amman&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82+%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1+%E2%80%93+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aswaqamman.com%2Fbooks%2Fammanhights.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/basins/jordan/index.stm">"Jordan Basim-Geography, population and climate"</a>. <i>Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations</i>. FAO. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151255/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/basins/jordan/index.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.atitle=Jordan+Basim-Geography%2C+population+and+climate&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnr%2Fwater%2Faquastat%2Fbasins%2Fjordan%2Findex.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cordova-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cordova_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordova,_Carlos_E.2007" class="citation book cs1">Cordova, Carlos E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1eWaveyEIlcC&pg=PA47"><i>Millennial Landscape Change in Jordan: Geoarchaeology and Cultural Ecology</i></a>. University of Arizona Press. pp. 47–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-2554-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-2554-6"><bdi>978-0-8165-2554-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018104647/https://books.google.com/books?id=1eWaveyEIlcC&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Millennial+Landscape+Change+in+Jordan%3A+Geoarchaeology+and+Cultural+Ecology&rft.pages=47-55&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-2554-6&rft.au=Cordova%2C+Carlos+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1eWaveyEIlcC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JMD-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JMD_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JMD_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jometeo.gov.jo/">"Climate and Agricultural Information – Amman"</a>. Jordan Meteorological Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020150707/http://jometeo.gov.jo/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+and+Agricultural+Information+%E2%80%93+Amman&rft.pub=Jordan+Meteorological+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjometeo.gov.jo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/TJ/40270.TXT">"Amman Airport Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312034342/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/TJ/40270.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amman+Airport+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FTJ%2F40270.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate2/40270.htm">"Pogoda.ru.net (Weather and Climate-The Climate of Amman)"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305095525/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate2/40270.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pogoda.ru.net+%28Weather+and+Climate-The+Climate+of+Amman%29&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate2%2F40270.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/jordan/amman-climate#uv_index">Average UV index Amman, Jordan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518194602/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/jordan/amman-climate#uv_index">Archived</a> 18 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – weather-atlas.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002043553/http://ammancity.gov.jo/ar/gam/council.asp">"GAM council"</a>. Greater Amman Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/ar/gam/council.asp">the original</a> on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GAM+council&rft.pub=Greater+Amman+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Far%2Fgam%2Fcouncil.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/editorial/greener-amman">"For a greener Amman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Times" title="The Jordan Times">The Jordan Times</a></i>. 9 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925104013/http://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/editorial/greener-amman">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=For+a+greener+Amman&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorial%2Fgreener-amman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreij2015" class="citation web cs1">Freij, Muath (25 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/amman-have-free-wi-fi-service-15-selected-locations">"Amman to have free Wi-Fi service in 15 selected locations"</a>. <i>The Jordan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925105142/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/amman-have-free-wi-fi-service-15-selected-locations">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Amman+to+have+free+Wi-Fi+service+in+15+selected+locations&rft.date=2015-05-25&rft.aulast=Freij&rft.aufirst=Muath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Famman-have-free-wi-fi-service-15-selected-locations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926111544/http://moi.gov.jo/arabic/pages/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.aspx">"نظام التقسيمات الادارية رقم(46)لسنة2000 وتعديلاته(1)"</a>. <i>Ministry of Interiors Jordan</i> (in Arabic). moi.gov.jo. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moi.gov.jo/arabic/pages/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.aspx">the original</a> on 26 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Interiors+Jordan&rft.atitle=%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%2846%29%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A92000+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%281%29&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoi.gov.jo%2Farabic%2Fpages%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ammancity-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ammancity_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109003357/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/interactive/districts.asp">"Greater Amman Municipality – GAM Interactive"</a>. Ammancity.gov.jo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/interactive/districts.asp">the original</a> on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greater+Amman+Municipality+%E2%80%93+GAM+Interactive&rft.pub=Ammancity.gov.jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fen%2Finteractive%2Fdistricts.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041844/http://web.dos.gov.jo/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/No_of_pop_depand_on_GOV.pdf">"The Population of the Kingdom by Administrative Divisions, According to the General Census of Population and Housing result 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.dos.gov.jo/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/No_of_pop_depand_on_GOV.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Population+of+the+Kingdom+by+Administrative+Divisions%2C+According+to+the+General+Census+of+Population+and+Housing+result+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.dos.gov.jo%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F04%2FNo_of_pop_depand_on_GOV.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065843/http://www.awraq.com/uploads/research/b7e73be8b70e8bd319cbf637c046d178e431ccdb.pdf">"Jordan Banking Sector Brief"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awraq.com/uploads/research/b7e73be8b70e8bd319cbf637c046d178e431ccdb.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan+Banking+Sector+Brief&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awraq.com%2Fuploads%2Fresearch%2Fb7e73be8b70e8bd319cbf637c046d178e431ccdb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasterCard_Worldwide" class="citation web cs1">MasterCard Worldwide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718210425/http://www.slideshare.net/MasterCardNews/global-destination-cities-index-slideshare-final">"MasterCard Worldwide's Global Destination Cities Index"</a>. Slideshare.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/MasterCardNews/global-destination-cities-index-slideshare-final">the original</a> on 18 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MasterCard+Worldwide%27s+Global+Destination+Cities+Index&rft.pub=Slideshare.net&rft.au=MasterCard+Worldwide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FMasterCardNews%2Fglobal-destination-cities-index-slideshare-final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-capacity-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-capacity_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslen2013" class="citation news cs1">Maslen, Richard (27 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/190852/new-terminal-opening-boosts-queen-alia-airports-capacity-/">"New Terminal Opening Boosts Queen Alia Airport's Capacity"</a>. <i>Routesonline</i>. Manchester, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/UBM_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="UBM Information">UBM Information</a> Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140423044547/http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/190852/new-terminal-opening-boosts-queen-alia-airports-capacity-/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Routesonline&rft.atitle=New+Terminal+Opening+Boosts+Queen+Alia+Airport%27s+Capacity&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft.aulast=Maslen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routesonline.com%2Fnews%2F29%2Fbreaking-news%2F190852%2Fnew-terminal-opening-boosts-queen-alia-airports-capacity-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203034646/http://jordantimes.com/jordan-remains-medical-tourism-hub-despite-regional-unrest">"Jordan remains medical tourism hub despite regional unrest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Times" title="The Jordan Times">The Jordan Times</a></i>. 18 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jordantimes.com/jordan-remains-medical-tourism-hub-despite-regional-unrest">the original</a> on 3 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Jordan+remains+medical+tourism+hub+despite+regional+unrest&rft.date=2012-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjordantimes.com%2Fjordan-remains-medical-tourism-hub-despite-regional-unrest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2010/august/i_bca01.pdf">"Royal Jordanian was the first airline in the Middle East to order the 787 Dreamliner"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Boeing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063036/http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2010/august/i_bca01.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Jordanian+was+the+first+airline+in+the+Middle+East+to+order+the+787+Dreamliner&rft.pub=Boeing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fnews%2Ffrontiers%2Farchive%2F2010%2Faugust%2Fi_bca01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IraqBiz-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IraqBiz_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IraqBiz_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2011/03/16/erbil-ranked-5th-for-foreign-direct-investment/">"Erbil Ranked 5th for Foreign Direct Investment"</a>. Iraq Business News. 16 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001192438/http://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2011/03/16/erbil-ranked-5th-for-foreign-direct-investment/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erbil+Ranked+5th+for+Foreign+Direct+Investment&rft.pub=Iraq+Business+News&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraq-businessnews.com%2F2011%2F03%2F16%2Ferbil-ranked-5th-for-foreign-direct-investment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein_Hachem2011" class="citation web cs1">Hussein Hachem (24 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.busmanagementme.com/article/aramex-middle-easts-biggest-courier-firm/">"Aramex MEA: the Middle East's biggest courier firm – Lead Features – Business Management Middle East | GDS Publishing"</a>. Busmanagementme.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513205610/http://www.busmanagementme.com/article/aramex-middle-easts-biggest-courier-firm/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aramex+MEA%3A+the+Middle+East%27s+biggest+courier+firm+%E2%80%93+Lead+Features+%E2%80%93+Business+Management+Middle+East+%26%23124%3B+GDS+Publishing&rft.pub=Busmanagementme.com&rft.date=2011-05-24&rft.au=Hussein+Hachem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.busmanagementme.com%2Farticle%2Faramex-middle-easts-biggest-courier-firm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prlog.org/10313193-courier-companies-of-the-world.html">"Courier Companies of the World"</a>. PRLog. 18 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723095551/http://www.prlog.org/10313193-courier-companies-of-the-world.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Courier+Companies+of+the+World&rft.pub=PRLog&rft.date=2009-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prlog.org%2F10313193-courier-companies-of-the-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Amman.aspx">"Amman"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923055949/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Amman.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FAmman.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923061723/http://www.downtown.jo/2012-08-25-19-04-54/amman-jordan">"About Amman Jordan"</a>. downtown.jo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.downtown.jo/2012-08-25-19-04-54/amman-jordan">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Amman+Jordan&rft.pub=downtown.jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downtown.jo%2F2012-08-25-19-04-54%2Famman-jordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammonnews.net/article.aspx?articleno=257572">"٩.٥ ملايين عدد السكان في الأردن"</a>. <i>Ammon News</i>. 22 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131081628/http://www.ammonnews.net/article.aspx?articleno=257572">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ammon+News&rft.atitle=%D9%A9.%D9%A5+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammonnews.net%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleno%3D257572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.permaculturenews.org/files/ipc10/Lancaster_Water_Harvesting_Jordan-9-2011.pdf">"Turning Drains into Sponges and Water Scarcity into Water Abundance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Brad Lancaster</i>. permaculturenews.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032505/http://www.permaculturenews.org/files/ipc10/Lancaster_Water_Harvesting_Jordan-9-2011.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brad+Lancaster&rft.atitle=Turning+Drains+into+Sponges+and+Water+Scarcity+into+Water+Abundance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.permaculturenews.org%2Ffiles%2Fipc10%2FLancaster_Water_Harvesting_Jordan-9-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DS34-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DS34_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dumper and Stanley, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albala, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richmond, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dakwar, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suleiman101-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suleiman101_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suleiman101_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suleiman101_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suleiman, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plascov33-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Plascov33_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plascov33_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Plascov, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dakwar, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DS35-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DS35_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dumper and Stanley, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Owens, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ring, Salkin and LaBoda, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JTravel-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JTravel_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030150/http://www.jordantoursandtravel.com/amman.html">"Amman – a modern city built on the sands of time"</a>. <i>Jordan Travel</i>. jordantoursandtravel.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantoursandtravel.com/amman.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jordan+Travel&rft.atitle=Amman+%E2%80%93+a+modern+city+built+on+the+sands+of+time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantoursandtravel.com%2Famman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Global Security Watch—Jordan – Page 134, W. Andrew Terrill – 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Senate:_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations2005" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Senate: Committee on Foreign Relations (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=04dlwzB2SvcC&pg=PA563"><i>Annual Report on International Religious Freedom, 2004</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Printing Office">Government Printing Office</a>. p. 563. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-072552-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-072552-4"><bdi>978-0-16-072552-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518232337/https://books.google.com/books?id=04dlwzB2SvcC&pg=PA563">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom%2C+2004&rft.pages=563&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-16-072552-4&rft.au=U.S.+Senate%3A+Committee+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D04dlwzB2SvcC%26pg%3DPA563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Duane Alexander (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1482555">"The Episcopal Church in Jordan: Identity, Liturgy, and Mission"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Anglican_Studies" title="Journal of Anglican Studies">Journal of Anglican Studies</a></i>. <b>9</b> (2): 134–153. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1740355309990271">10.1017/S1740355309990271</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144069423">144069423</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713085729/https://www.academia.edu/1482555">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anglican+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Episcopal+Church+in+Jordan%3A+Identity%2C+Liturgy%2C+and+Mission&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=134-153&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1740355309990271&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144069423%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Duane+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1482555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kildani, p. 678.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1093/">"Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a)"</a>. <i>unesco.org</i>. UNESCO World Heritage Center. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210102191504/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1093/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org&rft.atitle=Um+er-Rasas+%28Kastrom+Mefa%27a%29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1093%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerren2009" class="citation web cs1">Ferren, Andrew (19 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/22/travel/22next.html">"A Newly Stylish Amman Asserts Itself"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007023427/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/22/travel/22next.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Newly+Stylish+Amman+Asserts+Itself&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft.aulast=Ferren&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F22%2Ftravel%2F22next.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085707/http://www.csbe.org/publications-and-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/stone-as-wall-paper-the-evolution-of-stone-as-a-sheathing-material-in-twentieth-century-amman/the-use-of-stone-in-amman-by-may-shaer/">"Stone as Wall Paper: The Evolution of Stone as a Sheathing Material in Twentieth-Century Amman"</a>. CSBE. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csbe.org/publications-and-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/stone-as-wall-paper-the-evolution-of-stone-as-a-sheathing-material-in-twentieth-century-amman/the-use-of-stone-in-amman-by-may-shaer/">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stone+as+Wall+Paper%3A+The+Evolution+of+Stone+as+a+Sheathing+Material+in+Twentieth-Century+Amman&rft.pub=CSBE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csbe.org%2Fpublications-and-resources%2Farticles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues%2Fstone-as-wall-paper-the-evolution-of-stone-as-a-sheathing-material-in-twentieth-century-amman%2Fthe-use-of-stone-in-amman-by-may-shaer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Subaihi2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mohammed Subaihi (22 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alrai.com/article/612950.html">"فوضى التنظيم والأبنية في عمان"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Ra%27i_(Jordanian_newspaper)" title="Al Ra'i (Jordanian newspaper)">Al Ra'i</a></i> (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221173526/http://alrai.com/article/612950.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Ra%27i&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.date=2013-10-22&rft.au=Mohammed+Subaihi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alrai.com%2Farticle%2F612950.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gate-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gate_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001181726/http://www.systemair.com/Templates/Pages/Article.aspx?show=1320&id=1105&epslanguage=ru-RU">"Jordan Gate Towers, Amman"</a>. <i>systemair.com</i>. systemair AB. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.systemair.com/Templates/Pages/Article.aspx?show=1320&id=1105&epslanguage=ru-RU">the original</a> on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=systemair.com&rft.atitle=Jordan+Gate+Towers%2C+Amman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.systemair.com%2FTemplates%2FPages%2FArticle.aspx%3Fshow%3D1320%26id%3D1105%26epslanguage%3Dru-RU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abdali.jo/index.php?r=site/page&id=4">"About the Abdali Project"</a>. Abdali PSC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225192243/https://abdali.jo/index.php?r=site%2Fpage&id=4">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Abdali+Project&rft.pub=Abdali+PSC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abdali.jo%2Findex.php%3Fr%3Dsite%2Fpage%26id%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jordantimes.com/news/local/king-briefed-expansion-plans-abdali-project">"King briefed on expansion plans for Abdali project"</a>. <i>Jordan Times</i>. 14 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=King+briefed+on+expansion+plans+for+Abdali+project&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fking-briefed-expansion-plans-abdali-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jordantimes.com/news/local/king-briefed-expansion-plans-abdali-project#google_vignette">"King briefed on expansion plans for Abdali project"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+briefed+on+expansion+plans+for+Abdali+project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fking-briefed-expansion-plans-abdali-project%23google_vignette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/scrolling-through-the-millennia-at-the-new-jordan-museum-in-amman">"Scrolling through the millennia at the new Jordan Museum in Amman"</a>. <i>The National</i>. 13 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926083840/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/scrolling-through-the-millennia-at-the-new-jordan-museum-in-amman">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Scrolling+through+the+millennia+at+the+new+Jordan+Museum+in+Amman&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Farts-culture%2Fscrolling-through-the-millennia-at-the-new-jordan-museum-in-amman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarole_French2012" class="citation book cs1">Carole French (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KcGcDdi20SwC&pg=PA35"><i>Jordan</i></a>. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-398-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-398-6"><bdi>978-1-84162-398-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170114084308/https://books.google.com/books?id=KcGcDdi20SwC&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-398-6&rft.au=Carole+French&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKcGcDdi20SwC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofjordan.com/jordan2/jh/collection.php?album=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86">"Amman"</a>. <i>History of Jordan</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104650/http://www.historyofjordan.com/jordan2/jh/collection.php?album=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Jordan&rft.atitle=Amman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofjordan.com%2Fjordan2%2Fjh%2Fcollection.php%3Falbum%3D%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026030523/https://www.amideast.org/abroad/programs/jordan/why-jordan-why-amman">"Why Jordan? Why Amman?"</a>. amideast.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amideast.org/abroad/programs/jordan/why-jordan-why-amman">the original</a> on 26 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Jordan%3F+Why+Amman%3F&rft.pub=amideast.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amideast.org%2Fabroad%2Fprograms%2Fjordan%2Fwhy-jordan-why-amman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTtrav-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTtrav_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTtrav_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerren2009" class="citation news cs1">Ferren, Andrew (22 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/11/22/travel/22next.html">"A Newly Stylish Amman Asserts Itself"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091127181056/http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/11/22/travel/22next.html?pagewanted=1">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Newly+Stylish+Amman+Asserts+Itself&rft.date=2009-11-22&rft.aulast=Ferren&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F22%2Ftravel%2F22next.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarole_French2012" class="citation book cs1">Carole French (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KcGcDdi20SwC&pg=PA108"><i>Jordan</i></a>. Bradt. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841623986" title="Special:BookSources/9781841623986"><bdi>9781841623986</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518201155/https://books.google.com/books?id=KcGcDdi20SwC&pg=PA108">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Bradt&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781841623986&rft.au=Carole+French&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKcGcDdi20SwC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709054705/http://islahnews.net/209994.html">"اعادة دراسة واقع شارع الوكالات"</a>. <i>Islah News</i> (in Arabic). islahnews.net. 3 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islahnews.net/209994.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islah+News&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9+%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft.date=2013-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislahnews.net%2F209994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215215544/http://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/amman-bustles-with-nightlife-shedding-old-image-1913627.html">"Amman bustles with nightlife, shedding old image"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/amman-bustles-with-nightlife-shedding-old-image-1913627.html">the original</a> on 15 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Amman+bustles+with+nightlife%2C+shedding+old+image&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fincoming%2Famman-bustles-with-nightlife-shedding-old-image-1913627.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/souk-jara-open-9pm-2am-ramadan">"Souk JARA open from 9 pm to 2 am in Ramadan"</a>. <i>The Jordan Times</i>. The Jordan News. 24 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001195829/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/souk-jara-open-9pm-2am-ramadan">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Souk+JARA+open+from+9+pm+to+2+am+in+Ramadan&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouk-jara-open-9pm-2am-ramadan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305053911/http://country-stats.com/en/countries/asia/jordan/10185-jordan-politics.html">"Jordan – Politics"</a>. <i>country-stats.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://country-stats.com/en/countries/asia/jordan/10185-jordan-politics.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=country-stats.com&rft.atitle=Jordan+%E2%80%93+Politics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountry-stats.com%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fasia%2Fjordan%2F10185-jordan-politics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_HamPaul_Greenway2003" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Ham; Paul Greenway (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5x2pJuvWeOQC&pg=PA77"><i>Jordan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-165-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-165-2"><bdi>978-1-74059-165-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018104900/https://books.google.com/books?id=5x2pJuvWeOQC&pg=PA77">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-165-2&rft.au=Anthony+Ham&rft.au=Paul+Greenway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5x2pJuvWeOQC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Teller2002" class="citation book cs1">Matthew Teller (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jordan0000tell"><i>Jordan</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Rough_Guides" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guides</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jordan0000tell/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-740-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-740-9"><bdi>978-1-85828-740-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-740-9&rft.au=Matthew+Teller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjordan0000tell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230557/http://en.ammonnews.net/article.aspx?articleNO=11349#.UpAderQTvow">"3% of Nightclub women are Jordanian | Editor's Choice | Ammon News"</a>. En.ammonnews.net. 19 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.ammonnews.net/article.aspx?articleNO=11349">the original</a> on 2 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3%25+of+Nightclub+women+are+Jordanian+%26%23124%3B+Editor%27s+Choice+%26%23124%3B+Ammon+News&rft.pub=En.ammonnews.net&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.ammonnews.net%2Farticle.aspx%3FarticleNO%3D11349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarayanews.com/index.php?page=article&id=13779">"الاردن يستورد خمور بقيمة مليونين و(997) الف دينار خلال عام 2008"</a> (in Arabic). sarayanews.com. 25 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923164449/http://www.sarayanews.com/index.php?page=article&id=13779">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86+%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%88%28997%29+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81+%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85+2008&rft.date=2009-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarayanews.com%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Darticle%26id%3D13779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTcuisine-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTcuisine_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPergament2008" class="citation news cs1">Pergament, Danielle (13 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/travel/13choicetables.html">"All the Foods of the Mideast at Its Stable Center"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623191059/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/travel/13choicetables.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=All+the+Foods+of+the+Mideast+at+Its+Stable+Center&rft.date=2008-01-13&rft.aulast=Pergament&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F13%2Ftravel%2F13choicetables.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926043547/http://beamman.com/food-/251-capital-cuisine-a-food-tour-in-amman-jordan-">"Capital Cuisine – A Food Tour in Amman, Jordan"</a>. <i>BeAmman.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beamman.com/food-/251-capital-cuisine-a-food-tour-in-amman-jordan-">the original</a> on 26 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BeAmman.com&rft.atitle=Capital+Cuisine+%E2%80%93+A+Food+Tour+in+Amman%2C+Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeamman.com%2Ffood-%2F251-capital-cuisine-a-food-tour-in-amman-jordan-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goethe.de/ins/jo/amm/prj/ema/far/jof/enindex.htm">"Political rivalry overshadows Amman's derby"</a>. <i>Goethe-Institut</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926031114/http://www.goethe.de/ins/jo/amm/prj/ema/far/jof/enindex.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goethe-Institut&rft.atitle=Political+rivalry+overshadows+Amman%27s+derby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goethe.de%2Fins%2Fjo%2Famm%2Fprj%2Fema%2Ffar%2Fjof%2Fenindex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreij2015" class="citation news cs1">Freij, Muath (23 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/amman-municipality-revamping-stadiums-u-17-women%E2%80%99s-world-cup">"Amman municipality revamping stadiums for U-17 Women's World Cup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Times" title="The Jordan Times">The Jordan Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923031804/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/amman-municipality-revamping-stadiums-u-17-women%E2%80%99s-world-cup">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Amman+municipality+revamping+stadiums+for+U-17+Women%27s+World+Cup&rft.date=2015-07-23&rft.aulast=Freij&rft.aufirst=Muath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Famman-municipality-revamping-stadiums-u-17-women%25E2%2580%2599s-world-cup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214042814/http://www.fifa.com/u17womensworldcup/destination/cities/city=1913/index.html">"Amman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/u17womensworldcup/destination/cities/city=1913/index.html">the original</a> on 14 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amman&rft.pub=FIFA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fu17womensworldcup%2Fdestination%2Fcities%2Fcity%3D1913%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/destination-amman-1">"Destination Amman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Athletics Federations">International Association of Athletics Federations</a>. 28 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151007151918/http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/destination-amman-1">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Destination+Amman&rft.pub=International+Association+of+Athletics+Federations&rft.date=2009-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaaf.org%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fdestination-amman-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925144348/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/sports/jordan-rally-gets-thumbs-fia">"Jordan Rally gets thumbs up from FIA"</a>. Jordan Times. 19 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/sports/jordan-rally-gets-thumbs-fia">the original</a> on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan+Rally+gets+thumbs+up+from+FIA&rft.pub=Jordan+Times&rft.date=2010-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Fsports%2Fjordan-rally-gets-thumbs-fia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albawaba.com/sport/jordan-rugby-dubai-sevens-619023">"Against all odds, Jordan's rugby greats are set to storm the Dubai Sevens"</a>. 4 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923055946/http://www.albawaba.com/sport/jordan-rugby-dubai-sevens-619023">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Against+all+odds%2C+Jordan%27s+rugby+greats+are+set+to+storm+the+Dubai+Sevens&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albawaba.com%2Fsport%2Fjordan-rugby-dubai-sevens-619023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2015/02/volunteers-open-jordan-skate-park-150206102827914.html">"Volunteers open Jordan's first skate park"</a>, <i>aljazeera.com</i>, Al Jazeera Media Network, 12 February 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001071615/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2015/02/volunteers-open-jordan-skate-park-150206102827914.html">archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Volunteers+open+Jordan%27s+first+skate+park&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Finpictures%2F2015%2F02%2Fvolunteers-open-jordan-skate-park-150206102827914.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassad2001" class="citation book cs1">Massad, Joseph A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c70NwhRNmosC&pg=PA76"><i>Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231123235" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231123235"><bdi>978-0231123235</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512214537/https://books.google.com/books?id=c70NwhRNmosC&pg=PA76">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Effects%3A+The+Making+of+National+Identity+in+Jordan&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0231123235&rft.aulast=Massad&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc70NwhRNmosC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZweiriMurphy2012" class="citation book cs1">Zweiri, Mahjoob; Murphy, Emma C. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v93Fj7P3uUwC&pg=PA143"><i>The New Arab Media: Technology, Image and Perception</i></a>. Ithaca Press. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0863724176" title="Special:BookSources/978-0863724176"><bdi>978-0863724176</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160520103850/https://books.google.com/books?id=v93Fj7P3uUwC&pg=PA143">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Arab+Media%3A+Technology%2C+Image+and+Perception&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Ithaca+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0863724176&rft.aulast=Zweiri&rft.aufirst=Mahjoob&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Emma+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv93Fj7P3uUwC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YuSY8llhkPQC&pg=PA191"><i>The Report: Emerging Jordan 2007</i></a>. Oxford Business Group. 2007. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781902339740" title="Special:BookSources/9781902339740"><bdi>9781902339740</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506130443/https://books.google.com/books?id=YuSY8llhkPQC&pg=PA191">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Report%3A+Emerging+Jordan+2007&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781902339740&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYuSY8llhkPQC%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alghad-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alghad_148-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alghad_148-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alrai.com">"الرأي الأردنية | أخبار الأردن والشرق الأوسط والعالم|صحيفة يومية تصدر في عمان الأردن"</a> (in Arabic). Alrai.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904043653/http://www.alrai.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%26%23124%3B+%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%26%23124%3B%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9+%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86&rft.pub=Alrai.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alrai.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.addustour.com">":: جريدة الدستور ::"</a> (in Arabic). Addustour.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808190011/http://www.addustour.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3A%3A+%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1+%3A%3A&rft.pub=Addustour.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.addustour.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journ-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Journ_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journ_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalyangoMould2014" class="citation book cs1">Kalyango, Yusuf Jr.; Mould, David H. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IOoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78"><i>Global Journalism Practice and New Media Performance</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137440556" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137440556"><bdi>978-1137440556</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023445/https://books.google.com/books?id=-IOoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Journalism+Practice+and+New+Media+Performance&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1137440556&rft.aulast=Kalyango&rft.aufirst=Yusuf+Jr.&rft.au=Mould%2C+David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-IOoBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002000553/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/al-rai-ranks-fifth-among-region%E2%80%99s-online-newspapers">"Al Rai ranks fifth among region's online newspapers"</a>. <i>The Jordan Times</i>. The Jordan News. 30 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/al-rai-ranks-fifth-among-region%E2%80%99s-online-newspapers">the original</a> on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Al+Rai+ranks+fifth+among+region%27s+online+newspapers&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fal-rai-ranks-fifth-among-region%25E2%2580%2599s-online-newspapers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/culture/the-promise-of-ammans-independent-music-scene_32052">"The promise of Amman's independent music scene"</a>. Your Middle East. 13 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150820160855/http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/culture/the-promise-of-ammans-independent-music-scene_32052">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+promise+of+Amman%27s+independent+music+scene&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourmiddleeast.com%2Fculture%2Fthe-promise-of-ammans-independent-music-scene_32052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005190840/http://beamman.com/calendar">"BEAMMAN CALENDAR"</a>. <i>BeAmman.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beamman.com/calendar">the original</a> on 5 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BeAmman.com&rft.atitle=BEAMMAN+CALENDAR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeamman.com%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarawneh2018" class="citation web cs1">Tarawneh, Deyala (17 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interiorph.com/architecture/tactical-urbanism-amman-small-practices-big-changes/">"Tactical urbanism in Amman; Small practices and big changes"</a>. <i>InteriorPH</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010061927/http://www.interiorph.com/architecture/tactical-urbanism-amman-small-practices-big-changes/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InteriorPH&rft.atitle=Tactical+urbanism+in+Amman%3B+Small+practices+and+big+changes.&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Tarawneh&rft.aufirst=Deyala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interiorph.com%2Farchitecture%2Ftactical-urbanism-amman-small-practices-big-changes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albawaba.com/accelerating-passenger-growth-jordan%E2%80%99s-qaia-suggests-confidence-returning-386395">"Accelerating passenger growth at Jordan's QAIA suggests confidence returning"</a>. <i>Al Bawaba</i>. 1 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402232923/http://www.albawaba.com/accelerating-passenger-growth-jordan%E2%80%99s-qaia-suggests-confidence-returning-386395">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Bawaba&rft.atitle=Accelerating+passenger+growth+at+Jordan%27s+QAIA+suggests+confidence+returning&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albawaba.com%2Faccelerating-passenger-growth-jordan%25E2%2580%2599s-qaia-suggests-confidence-returning-386395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aig.aero/en/content/1st-place-service-quality-rankings-qaia-named-best-airport-region-middle-east-and-best">"1st Place Service Quality Rankings: QAIA Named 'Best Airport by Region – Middle East' and 'Best Improvement by Region – Middle East'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 23 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925072005/http://www.aig.aero/en/content/1st-place-service-quality-rankings-qaia-named-best-airport-region-middle-east-and-best">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1st+Place+Service+Quality+Rankings%3A+QAIA+Named+%27Best+Airport+by+Region+%E2%80%93+Middle+East%27+and+%27Best+Improvement+by+Region+%E2%80%93+Middle+East%27&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aig.aero%2Fen%2Fcontent%2F1st-place-service-quality-rankings-qaia-named-best-airport-region-middle-east-and-best&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/amman-residents-complain-about-daylong-car-jams">"Amman residents complain about daylong car jams"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Times" title="The Jordan Times">The Jordan Times</a></i>. 8 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925114322/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/amman-residents-complain-about-daylong-car-jams">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Amman+residents+complain+about+daylong+car+jams&rft.date=2014-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Famman-residents-complain-about-daylong-car-jams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925104750/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/pm-inaugurates-second-phase-amman-road-project">"PM inaugurates second phase of Amman road project"</a>. <i>The Jordan Times</i>. 5 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/pm-inaugurates-second-phase-amman-road-project">the original</a> on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=PM+inaugurates+second+phase+of+Amman+road+project&rft.date=2012-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpm-inaugurates-second-phase-amman-road-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925105718/http://studiesabroad.com/programs/country/jordan/city/amman/cultureCorner/transportation">"Transportation in Amman"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studiesabroad.com/programs/country/jordan/city/amman/cultureCorner/transportation">the original</a> on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transportation+in+Amman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudiesabroad.com%2Fprograms%2Fcountry%2Fjordan%2Fcity%2Famman%2FcultureCorner%2Ftransportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BRT-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BRT_160-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BRT_160-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BRT_160-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/brt-offers-new-commuting-experience-trial-run-continues">"BRT offers new commuting experience as trial run continues"</a>. <i>the Jordan Times</i>. 29 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208010439/https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/brt-offers-new-commuting-experience-trial-run-continues">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=BRT+offers+new+commuting+experience+as+trial+run+continues&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbrt-offers-new-commuting-experience-trial-run-continues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729011718/http://www.ju.edu.jo/Pages/AboutUJ/UJInBrief.aspx">"JU In Brief"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ju.edu.jo/Pages/AboutUJ/UJInBrief.aspx">the original</a> on 29 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JU+In+Brief&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ju.edu.jo%2FPages%2FAboutUJ%2FUJInBrief.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923031734/http://site.awa2el.net/article.aspx?ArticleNo=880">"كشف بأسماء المدارس الخاصة في عمان"</a> (in Arabic). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.awa2el.net/article.aspx?ArticleNo=880">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81+%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsite.awa2el.net%2Farticle.aspx%3FArticleNo%3D880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001162134/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/a.asp?id=1">"Twin City Agreements"</a>. <i>GAM</i>. Greater Amman Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/a.asp?id=1">the original</a> on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GAM&rft.atitle=Twin+City+Agreements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fen%2Fgam%2Fa.asp%3Fid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050307063658/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp">"Amman's Relations with Other Cities"</a>. Ammancity.gov.jo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp">the original</a> on 7 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amman%27s+Relations+with+Other+Cities&rft.pub=Ammancity.gov.jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fenglish%2Frelations%2Fr12.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagosistercities.com/">"Home"</a>. Chicago Sister Cities International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105104454/http://www.chicagosistercities.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Chicago+Sister+Cities+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagosistercities.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mostar.ba/gradovi-prijatelji.html">"Gradovi prijatelji"</a> (in Bosnian). Mostar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030103002/http://www.mostar.ba/gradovi-prijatelji.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gradovi+prijatelji&rft.pub=Mostar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mostar.ba%2Fgradovi-prijatelji.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oewd.org/san-francisco-sister-cities">"San Francisco Sister Cities"</a>. City and County of San Francisco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616134724/https://oewd.org/san-francisco-sister-cities">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Francisco+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=City+and+County+of+San+Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foewd.org%2Fsan-francisco-sister-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/sister-cities/">"Sister cities"</a>. Yerevan Municipal Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329102031/http://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/sister-cities/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+cities&rft.pub=Yerevan+Municipal+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Fen%2Fpartner%2Fsister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbala2011" class="citation book cs1">Albala, Ken (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&pg=PA267"><i>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313376269" title="Special:BookSources/9780313376269"><bdi>9780313376269</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518200842/https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&pg=PA267">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Cultures+of+the+World+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780313376269&rft.aulast=Albala&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTo6c_PJWRgC%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumperStanley2007" class="citation book cs1">Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA35"><i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576079195" title="Special:BookSources/9781576079195"><bdi>9781576079195</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518200604/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781576079195&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Bruce+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamed-Troyansky2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir (2017). "Circassian Refugees and the Making of Amman, 1878–1914". <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>49</b> (4): 605–623. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743817000617">10.1017/S0020743817000617</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165801425">165801425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=Circassian+Refugees+and+the+Making+of+Amman%2C+1878%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=605-623&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743817000617&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165801425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hamed-Troyansky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Mari C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hKftmhoP4gYC&pg=PA64"><i>Language Change: The Interplay of Internal, External, and Extra-linguistic Factors</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110172027" title="Special:BookSources/9783110172027"><bdi>9783110172027</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518194848/https://books.google.com/books?id=hKftmhoP4gYC&pg=PA64">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Change%3A+The+Interplay+of+Internal%2C+External%2C+and+Extra-linguistic+Factors&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9783110172027&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mari+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhKftmhoP4gYC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKildani2010" class="citation book cs1">Kildani, Hanna (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrvHHROsgt8C&pg=PA678"><i>Modern Christianity in the Holy Land: Development of the Structure of Churches and the Growth of Christian Institutions in Jordan and Palestine</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781449052850" title="Special:BookSources/9781449052850"><bdi>9781449052850</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518204659/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrvHHROsgt8C&pg=PA678">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Christianity+in+the+Holy+Land%3A+Development+of+the+Structure+of+Churches+and+the+Growth+of+Christian+Institutions+in+Jordan+and+Palestine&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781449052850&rft.aulast=Kildani&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZrvHHROsgt8C%26pg%3DPA678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwens2013" class="citation book cs1">Owens, Jonathan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA260"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Arabic Linguistics</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199344093" title="Special:BookSources/9780199344093"><bdi>9780199344093</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518233156/https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA260">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Arabic+Linguistics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199344093&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1IJoAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlascov1981" class="citation book cs1">Plascov, Avi (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=daLPXTYcoewC&pg=PA33"><i>The Palestinian Refugees in Jordan 1948–1957</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780714631202" title="Special:BookSources/9780714631202"><bdi>9780714631202</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518201433/https://books.google.com/books?id=daLPXTYcoewC&pg=PA33">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Refugees+in+Jordan+1948%E2%80%931957&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780714631202&rft.aulast=Plascov&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdaLPXTYcoewC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond2013" class="citation book cs1">Richmond, Walter (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC&pg=PA124"><i>The Circassian Genocide</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813560694" title="Special:BookSources/9780813560694"><bdi>9780813560694</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518194749/https://books.google.com/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC&pg=PA124">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Circassian+Genocide&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780813560694&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLHlwZwpA70cC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingSalkinSchellinger1994" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; Schellinger, Paul E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&pg=PA289"><i>International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa</i></a>. Vol. 4. Taylor & Francis. p. 289. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781884964039" title="Special:BookSources/9781884964039"><bdi>9781884964039</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518204724/https://books.google.com/books?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&pg=PA289">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Middle+East+and+Africa&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781884964039&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.au=Salkin%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Schellinger%2C+Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aOpeBnbxvsC%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1">Le Strange, Guy (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ENANAAAAIAAJ"><i>Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</i></a>. Alexander P. Watt for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ENANAAAAIAAJ/page/n440">391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500&rft.pages=391&rft.pub=Alexander+P.+Watt+for+the+Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_ENANAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuleiman2004" class="citation book cs1">Suleiman, Yasir (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Neu3q8Vt01sC&pg=PA101"><i>A War of Words: Language and Conflict in the Middle East</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521546560" title="Special:BookSources/9780521546560"><bdi>9780521546560</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518195206/https://books.google.com/books?id=Neu3q8Vt01sC&pg=PA101">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+War+of+Words%3A+Language+and+Conflict+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780521546560&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=Yasir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNeu3q8Vt01sC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2015" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Bethany J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oIEcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA120">"On Archives and Archaeology: Reassessing Mamluk Rule from Documentary Sources and Jordanian Fieldwork"</a>. In Talmon-Heller, Daniela; Cytryn-Silverman, Katia (eds.). <i>Material Evidence and Narrative Sources: Interdisciplinary Studies of the History of the Muslim Middle East</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004279667" title="Special:BookSources/9789004279667"><bdi>9789004279667</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102142747/https://books.google.com/books?id=oIEcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA120">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+Archives+and+Archaeology%3A+Reassessing+Mamluk+Rule+from+Documentary+Sources+and+Jordanian+Fieldwork&rft.btitle=Material+Evidence+and+Narrative+Sources%3A+Interdisciplinary+Studies+of+the+History+of+the+Muslim+Middle+East&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789004279667&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Bethany+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoIEcBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jo24.net/article/295889">"الملك: تفجيرات عمان الأليمة أظهرت للعالم مقدار قوة شعبنا"</a>. <i>الأردن 24</i>. 9 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303115404/https://jo24.net/article/295889">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86+24&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%3A+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A3%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9+%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjo24.net%2Farticle%2F295889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amman&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amman" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amman">Amman</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Amman#Q3805" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Amman">Amman</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/Amman?fref=ts">Amman Digital Community Facebook page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/cityofamman?fref=ts">Greater Amman Municipality Facebook page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maannasel.net/map/">Amman public transportation map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acor.digitalrelab.com/index.php?s=filter=place_name:Amman%20(Jordan)">Photos of Amman from the American Center of Research</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Jordan&#124;link=Jordan_Amman_Governorate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amman_Governorate" title="Template:Amman Governorate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amman_Governorate" title="Template talk:Amman Governorate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amman_Governorate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amman Governorate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Jordan&#124;link=Jordan_Amman_Governorate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amman_Governorate" title="Amman Governorate">Amman Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Capital:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amman</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Amman_Center_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Amman Center District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amman" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Amman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abdali" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Abdali">Al-Abdali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bader_District,_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bader District, Jordan">Bader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Madinah_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Madinah District">Al-Madinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ein_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Ein District">Ras al-Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yarmouk_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yarmouk District">Al-Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahran_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahran District">Zahran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Al-Jami&#039;ah_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Al-Jami'ah District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Al-Jami&#039;ah_Subdistrict" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Al-Jami'ah <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nseir_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Nseir District">Iskan Abu Nusair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubeiha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubeiha">Jubeiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilda" title="Khilda">Khilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafa_Badran_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafa Badran District">Shafa Badran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweileh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweileh">Sweileh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tla%27_al-Ali_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tla' al-Ali District">Tla'a al-Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_al-Summaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm al-Summaq (page does not exist)">Umm al-Summaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Al-Jizah_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Al-Jizah District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Al-Jizah <br /> Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daba%27a,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daba'a, Jordan (page does not exist)">Daba'a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammam_al-Shamout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hammam al-Shamout (page does not exist)">Hammam al-Shamout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jizah,_Jordan" title="Al-Jizah, Jordan">Al-Jizah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zumailah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zumailah (page does not exist)">Zumailah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Umm ar-Rasas <br /> Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damki (page does not exist)">Damki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jumayyil" title="Al-Jumayyil">Al-Jumayyil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramah,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramah, Jordan (page does not exist)">Ramah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salyah (page does not exist)">Salyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_ar-Rasas" title="Umm ar-Rasas">Umm ar-Rasas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Marka_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Marka District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Marka_Subdistrict" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Marka <br /> Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basman_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Basman District">Basman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marka_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Marka District">Marka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasr_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nasr District">Al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariq District">Tariq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Al-Muwaqqar_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Al-Muwaqqar District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Al-Muwaqqar <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhaibeh_Sharqiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhaibeh Sharqiyah (page does not exist)">Dhaibeh Sharqiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisaliyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisaliyah (page does not exist)">Faisaliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatimiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatimiyah (page does not exist)">Hatimiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janab,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janab, Jordan (page does not exist)">Janab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghayer_Muhanna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maghayer Muhanna (page does not exist)">Maghayer Muhanna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manshiyya,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manshiyya, Jordan (page does not exist)">Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaqqar" title="Al-Muwaqqar">Al-Muwaqqar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naqera (page does not exist)">Naqera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Butmah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Butmah (page does not exist)">Umm Butmah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zumailat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zumailat (page does not exist)">Zumailat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Rujm Al-Shami <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhaibeh_Gharbiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhaibeh Gharbiyah (page does not exist)">Dhaibeh Gharbiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rujm_al-Shami" title="Rujm al-Shami">Rujm al-Shami</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salim,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salim, Jordan (page does not exist)">Salim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Na&#039;our_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Na'our District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Hisban <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Al,_Jordan" title="Al-Al, Jordan">Al-Al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisban" title="Hisban">Hisban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmat_Hisban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karmat Hisban (page does not exist)">Karmat Hisban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manshiyat_Hisban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manshiyat Hisban (page does not exist)">Manshiyat Hisban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mushkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mushkar (page does not exist)">Mushkar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rawda,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rawda, Jordan (page does not exist)">Rawda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Al-Na'our <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Naqla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Naqla (page does not exist)">Abu Naqla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adasiyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adasiyeh (page does not exist)">Adasiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adbayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adbayan (page does not exist)">Adbayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amiriyah,_Jordan" title="Al-Amiriyah, Jordan">Al-Amiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%27as&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bal'as (page does not exist)">Bal'as</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassit_Na%27our&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassit Na'our (page does not exist)">Bassit Na'our</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mansurah,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mansurah, Jordan (page does not exist)">Al-Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%27our" title="Na'our">Na'our</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sail_Hisban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sail Hisban (page does not exist)">Sail Hisban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turki, Jordan (page does not exist)">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_al-Quttain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm al-Quttain (page does not exist)">Umm al-Quttain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_al-Summaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm al-Summaq (page does not exist)">Umm al-Summaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zubud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zubud (page does not exist)">Zubud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Umm al-Basatin <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Samik" title="Al-Samik">Al-Samik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_al-Asakir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm al-Asakir (page does not exist)">Umm al-Asakir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_al-Basatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm al-Basatin (page does not exist)">Umm al-Basatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Birak" title="Umm al-Birak">Umm al-Birak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Kundum" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm al-Kundum">Umm al-Kundum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Al-Quwaysimah_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Al-Quwaysimah District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Al-QuwaysimahSubdistrict" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Al-Quwaysimah<br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Alandah" title="Abu Alandah">Abu Alandah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_Jawa" title="Tall Jawa">Jawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jweideh" title="Al-Jweideh">Al-Jweideh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherbet_al-Souk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kherbet al-Souk">Kherbet al-Souk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mogableen" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mogableen">Al-Mogableen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quwaysimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Quwaysimah">Al-Quwaysimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rajib" title="Al-Rajib">Al-Rajib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Qusayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Qusayr (page does not exist)">Umm Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yadudah,_Jordan" title="Al-Yadudah, Jordan">Al-Yadudah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sahab_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sahab District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sahab_Subdistrict" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Sahab <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan" title="Sahab, Jordan">Sahab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wadi_al-Seer_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wadi al-Seer District</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wadi_al-Seer_Subdistrict" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Wadi al-Seer <br />Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Jadeedah_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Badr al-Jadeedah District">Badr al-Jadedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bahhath" title="Al-Bahhath">Al-Bahhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bassah,_Jordan" title="Al-Bassah, Jordan">Al-Bassah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir,_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deir, Jordan (page does not exist)">Deir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Amir" title="Iraq al-Amir">Iraq al-Amir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Maniyyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Maniyyeh (page does not exist)">Al-Maniyyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marj_al-Hamam" class="mw-redirect" title="Marj al-Hamam">Marj al-Hamam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N'air (page does not exist)">N'air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Seer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi al-Seer">Wadi al-Seer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Decapolis_cities_(in_bold),_with_surrounding_regions_mentioned_by_Pliny_t._E." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decapolis_cities" title="Template:Decapolis cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decapolis_cities" title="Template talk:Decapolis cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decapolis_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decapolis cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Decapolis_cities_(in_bold),_with_surrounding_regions_mentioned_by_Pliny_t._E." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis cities (in bold), with surrounding regions mentioned by Pliny t. E.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:Center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Philadelphia</b> (Amman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash"><b>Gerasa</b> (Jerash)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Qais" title="Umm Qais"><b>Gadara</b> (Umm Qais)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitolias" title="Capitolias">Region Ampeloessa/Capitolias (Beit Ras)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abila_(Decapolis)" title="Abila (Decapolis)">Region Ampeloessa /Abila (in Wadi Queilbeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pella,_Jordan" title="Pella, Jordan"><b>Pella</b> (Tabaqat Fahl)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Decapolis_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Decapolis_Map.png/60px-The_Decapolis_Map.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Decapolis_Map.png/90px-The_Decapolis_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Decapolis_Map.png/120px-The_Decapolis_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:Center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus"><b>Damascus</b> (Dimashq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria"><b>Dion</b> (Tell Ashari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanawat" title="Qanawat"><b>Canatha</b> (Qanawat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphana" title="Raphana"><b>Raphana</b> (Ar-Rafi'ah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abila_Lysaniou" title="Abila Lysaniou">Region Abilene/Abila-Lysanea (Souq Wadi Barada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banias" title="Banias">Region Paneas/Caesarea-Phillipi (Banias)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajat" title="Lajat">Region Trachonitis (El-Musmije, Ezra,Ez Szanamain, Ard el Batanea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abila_Lysaniou" title="Abila Lysaniou">region Gabe/Tel Jabiah/Lake of Gabe(el Bajje) (Muzeirib/ Tell Jabiah)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:Center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippos,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippos, Israel"><b>Hippos</b> (Sussita)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an"><b>Scythopolis</b> (Beit She'an)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarichaea" title="Tarichaea">Region Arca/Tarichaea-Philoteria (Tiberias/Yardenit)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Arab_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Template:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Template talk:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Arab_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Africa</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:0.3em;width:50%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li></ul> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:0.3em;width:50%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b> <small>(proclaimed)</small>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a><br /></li><li> <b><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></b> <small>(de facto)</small><sup>1</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Central Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">South Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Southeast Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">West Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>East Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>North Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Camp_Thunder_Cove" title="Camp Thunder Cove">Camp Thunder Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></i> (de facto) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><b>*</b> Disputed. See: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz-Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz-Georgian conflict">Abkhaz-Georgian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian-Ossetian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian-Ossetian conflict">Georgian-Ossetian conflict</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_Capital_of_Culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:Arab Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:Arab Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_Capital_of_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="Arab Capital of Culture">Arab Capital of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> 1996 (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> 1997 (<a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a> 1998 (<a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> 1999 (<a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> 2000 (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a> 2001 (<a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amman</a> 2002 (<a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> 2003 (<a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaʽa</a> 2004 (<a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> 2005 (<a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a> <a href="/wiki/2006_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Arab Capital of Culture">2006</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> <a href="/wiki/2007_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Arab Capital of Culture">2007</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> <a href="/wiki/2008_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="2008 Arab Capital of Culture">2008</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <a href="/wiki/2009_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="2009 Arab Capital of Culture">2009</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> <a href="/wiki/2010_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="2010 Arab Capital of Culture">2010</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> 2011 (<a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a> 2012 (<a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> 2013 (<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> 2014 (<a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a> 2015 (<a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfax" title="Sfax">Sfax</a> 2016 (<a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a> 2017 (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oujda" title="Oujda">Oujda</a> 2018 (<a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> 2019 (<a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> 2020 (<a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Irbid</a> 2021 (<a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a> 2022 (<a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a> 2023 (<a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3805#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155939834">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209881/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyWYRydhwtCVVCvg9tR8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4192430-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80109269">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122646777">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122646777">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ammán (Jordánsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128660&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453284">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557345005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/cb3b6ec7-aae1-4e91-a65f-2d07a8192dd0">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/697728">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031431208">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044275">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amman&oldid=1257587407">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amman&oldid=1257587407</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amman" title="Category:Amman">Amman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitals_in_Asia" title="Category:Capitals in Asia">Capitals in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Levant" title="Category:Levant">Levant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Amman_Governorate" title="Category:Populated places in Amman Governorate">Populated places in Amman Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1878" title="Category:Populated places established in 1878">Populated places established in 1878</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_8th_millennium_BC" title="Category:Populated places established in the 8th millennium BC">Populated places established in the 8th millennium BC</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Bosnian-language_sources_(bs)" title="Category:CS1 Bosnian-language sources (bs)">CS1 Bosnian-language sources (bs)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2023">Use dmy dates from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Arabic_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Arabic IPA">Pages with Arabic IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Biblical_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 18:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amman&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-whbcx","wgBackendResponseTime":271,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.145","walltime":"3.689","ppvisitednodes":{"value":21251,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":580622,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":75001,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":34,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":632427,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3056.862 1 -total"," 36.99% 1130.684 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.38% 500.672 86 Template:Cite_web"," 16.14% 493.231 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 13.28% 406.040 1 Template:Infobox"," 13.20% 403.441 43 Template:Cite_book"," 8.38% 256.086 1 Template:Navboxes"," 5.96% 182.130 31 Template:Flagicon"," 5.64% 172.322 1 Template:Amman_Governorate"," 4.94% 151.030 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_sections"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.718","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":29322081,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","500","26.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","480","25.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","5.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","100","5.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::formatDate","60","3.2"],["date","60","3.2"],["type","40","2.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","2.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","2.2"],["[others]","380","20.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-hxmnl","timestamp":"20241128015450","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Amman","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amman","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3805","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3805","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-19T14:10:35Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T18:19:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/24\/New_Abdali_2024.png","headline":"capital of Jordan"}</script> </body> </html>