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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Malaysian_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysian_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Malaysian varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysian_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesian_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesian_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Indonesian varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesian_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thai_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thai_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Thai varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thai_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_and_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_and_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultivation and trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_and_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flavour_and_odour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flavour_and_odour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flavour and odour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flavour_and_odour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flavour and odour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flavour_and_odour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biochemical_basis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biochemical_basis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Biochemical basis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biochemical_basis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ripeness_and_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ripeness_and_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ripeness and selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ripeness_and_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_and_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Origin and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_folk_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_folk_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and folk medicine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_folk_medicine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and folk medicine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_folk_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Cultural influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Folk medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Environmental impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Durian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drien" title="Drien – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Drien" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دوريان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوريان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dur%C3%A9n" title="Durén – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Durén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ডুরিয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডুরিয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%BB-li%C3%A2n" title="Liû-liân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liû-liân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dur%C3%A8n" title="Durèn – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Durèn" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BArio" title="Dúrio – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dúrio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duryan" title="Duryan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Duryan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Ντούριαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντούριαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="خارگیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خارگیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%BB-li%C3%AAn" title="Liû-liên – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Liû-liên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%91%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88" title="두리안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="두리안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1raaldin" title="Dáraaldin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dáraaldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="דוריאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוריאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="დურიო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დურიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дуриан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дуриан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duriyani" title="Duriyani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Duriyani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duri%C4%81ns" title="Duriāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Duriāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duria_(sinan%C3%B6)" title="Duria (sinanö) – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Duria (sinanö)" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دوريان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوريان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ဒူးရင်းသီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒူးရင်းသီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3_(%E6%9E%9C%E5%AE%9F)" title="ドリアン (果実) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドリアン (果実)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D" title="ଡୁରିଆନ୍ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଡୁରିଆନ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93" title="ទុរេន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទុរេន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durio" title="Durio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Durio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="දූරියන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දූරියන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canuuni" title="Canuuni – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Canuuni" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durijan" title="Durijan – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Durijan" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadu" title="Kadu – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kadu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="முள்நாறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முள்நாறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B8" title="రాజ పనస – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాజ పనస" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ทุเรียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทุเรียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дуриан – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Дуриан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дуріан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дуріан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دھورئین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دھورئین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%95)" title="دۇرىيان (مىۋە) – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دۇرىيان (مىۋە)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%A7u_ri%C3%AAng" title="Sầu riêng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sầu riêng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarutung" title="Tarutung – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Tarutung" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokilahan" title="Pokilahan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pokilahan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rian" title="Rian – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rian" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian" title="Durian – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Durian" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134185#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tropical fruit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the edible fruit. For the genus of plants that bears the fruit, see <a href="/wiki/Durio" title="Durio">Durio</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Durian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Durian (disambiguation)">Durian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_in_black.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Durian_in_black.jpg/300px-Durian_in_black.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Durian_in_black.jpg/450px-Durian_in_black.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Durian_in_black.jpg/600px-Durian_in_black.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3293" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Durian fruit cut open to show the edible flesh</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>durian</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dj/: 'd' in 'dew'">dj</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the edible fruit of several tree <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Durio" title="Durio">Durio</a></i>. There are 30 recognized species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-straits_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straits-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_zibethinus" title="Durio zibethinus">Durio zibethinus</a></i>, native to <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, is the only species available on the international market. It has over 300 named varieties in Thailand and 100 in Malaysia as of 1987. Other species are sold in their local regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known in some regions as the "king of fruits",<sup id="cite_ref-straits_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straits-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heaton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heaton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the durian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour, and <a href="/wiki/Spine_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spine (botany)">thorn</a>-covered <a href="/wiki/Peel_(fruit)" title="Peel (fruit)">rind</a>. The fruit can grow as large as 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs 1 to 3 kg (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk from green to brown, and its flesh from pale yellow to red, depending on the species. </p><p>Some people regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others find the aroma overpowering and unpleasant. The smell evokes reactions ranging from deep appreciation to intense disgust. The persistence of its odour, which may linger for several days, has led some hotels and public transportation services in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, to ban the fruit. The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide variety of sweet desserts and savoury dishes in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian cuisine">Southeast Asian cuisines</a>. The seeds can be eaten when cooked. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name 'durian' is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> word <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">duri</i></span> ('thorn'), a reference to the numerous prickly thorns on its <a href="/wiki/Peel_(fruit)" title="Peel (fruit)">rind</a>, combined with the noun-building suffix <span class="nowrap"><i>-an</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, the alternate spelling <i>durion</i> was first used in a 1588 translation of <i>The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof</i> by the Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Mendoza" title="Juan González de Mendoza">Juan González de Mendoza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other historical variant spellings include <i>duryoen</i>, <i>duroyen</i>, <i>durean</i>, and <i>dorian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_zibethinus" title="Durio zibethinus">D. zibethinus</a></i>, is derived from Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">zibetto</i></span>, (the <a href="/wiki/Civet" title="Civet">civet</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-NLB_Singapore_2024_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLB_Singapore_2024-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durian trees are large, growing to 25–50 metres (80–165 feet) in height depending on the species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a>, elliptic to oblong and 10–18 centimetres (4–7 inches) long. The flowers are produced in three to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk, with each flower having a calyx (<a href="/wiki/Sepals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepals">sepals</a>) and five (rarely four or six) <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a>. Durian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although the timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A typical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit can hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollination</a>. The fruit can grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs 1 to 3 kilograms (2–7 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the thirty known species of <i>Durio</i>, nine produce edible fruits: <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_zibethinus" title="Durio zibethinus">D. zibethinus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_dulcis" title="Durio dulcis">D. dulcis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_grandiflorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Durio grandiflorus">D. grandiflorus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_graveolens" title="Durio graveolens">D. graveolens</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_kutejensis" title="Durio kutejensis">D. kutejensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_lowianus" title="Durio lowianus">D. lowianus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_macrantha" title="Durio macrantha">D. macrantha</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_oxleyanus" title="Durio oxleyanus">D. oxleyanus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Durio_testudinarius" title="Durio testudinarius">D. testudinarius</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ACIAR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACIAR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>D. zibethinus</i> is the only species commercially cultivated on a large scale and available outside its native region.<sup id="cite_ref-Teh_Lim_Yong_2017_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teh_Lim_Yong_2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since this species is open-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour, size of flesh and seed, and tree <a href="/wiki/Phenology" title="Phenology">phenology</a>. In the species name, <i>zibethinus</i> refers to the Indian civet, <i><a href="/wiki/Viverra_zibetha" class="mw-redirect" title="Viverra zibetha">Viverra zibetha</a></i>. There is disagreement over whether this name, bestowed by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, alludes to civets being so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or to the durian's smelling like the civet.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durian flowers are large and feathery, with copious <a href="/wiki/Nectar_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nectar (plant)">nectar</a>, and give off a heavy, sour, buttery odour. These features are typical of flowers pollinated by certain species of <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> that eat nectar and <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durians can be pollinated by bats (the cave nectar bat <i><a href="/wiki/Eonycteris_spelaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eonycteris spelaea">Eonycteris spelaea</a></i>, the lesser short-nosed fruit bat <i><a href="/wiki/Cynopterus_brachyotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynopterus brachyotis">Cynopterus brachyotis</a></i>, and the large flying fox, <i><a href="/wiki/Pteropus_vampyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteropus vampyrus">Pteropus vampyrus</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two species, <i>D. grandiflorus</i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_oblongus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio oblongus (page does not exist)">D. oblongus</a></i>, are pollinated by <a href="/wiki/Spiderhunter" title="Spiderhunter">spiderhunter</a> birds (<a href="/wiki/Nectariniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nectariniidae">Nectariniidae</a>), while <i>D. kutejensis</i>, is pollinated by <a href="/wiki/Giant_honey_bee" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant honey bee">giant honey bees</a> and birds as well as by bats.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scientists have hypothesised that the development of monothecate <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">anthers</a> and larger flowers (compared with those of the remaining genera in Durioneae) in the clade consisting of <i>Durio</i>, <i>Boschia</i>, and <i>Cullenia</i> was in conjunction with a transition from beetle pollination to vertebrate pollination.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_flower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flowers are usually closed during the daytime."><img alt="The flowers are usually closed during the daytime." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Durian_flower.jpg/134px-Durian_flower.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Durian_flower.jpg/201px-Durian_flower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Durian_flower.jpg/267px-Durian_flower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flowers are usually closed during the daytime.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Juvenile tree, Malaysia. Mature specimens can grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)."><img alt="Juvenile tree, Malaysia. Mature specimens can grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg/150px-Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg/225px-Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg/300px-Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Juvenile tree, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. Mature specimens can grow up to 50 metres (160 feet).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Durio zibethinus, a major food variety in Southeast Asia[10]"><img alt="Durio zibethinus, a major food variety in Southeast Asia[10]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg/136px-Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg/204px-Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg/272px-Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_zibethinus" title="Durio zibethinus">Durio zibethinus</a></i>, a major food variety in Southeast Asia<sup id="cite_ref-Teh_Lim_Yong_2017_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teh_Lim_Yong_2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cultivars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the centuries, numerous durian <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>, propagated by vegetative <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">clones</a>, have arisen in Southeast Asia. They used to be grown, with mixed results, from seeds of trees bearing superior quality fruit, but now are propagated by <a href="/wiki/Layering" title="Layering">layering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcotting" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcotting">marcotting</a>, or more commonly, <a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafting</a>, including bud, veneer, wedge, whip and U-grafting, onto seedlings of randomly selected <a href="/wiki/Rootstock" title="Rootstock">rootstocks</a>. Different cultivars may be distinguished to some extent by variations in the fruit shape, such as the shape of the spines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysian_varieties">Malaysian varieties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Malaysian varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Malaysian Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry has since 1934 maintained a list of registered varieties, where each cultivar is assigned a common name and a code number starting with "D". These codes are widely used through Southeast Asia; as of 2021, there were over 200 registered varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many superior cultivars have been identified through competitions held at the annual Malaysian Agriculture, Horticulture, and Agrotourism Show. There are 13 common Malaysian varieties having favourable qualities of colour, texture, odour, taste, high yield, and resistance against various diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Musang_King" title="Musang King">Musang King</a> (D197) was discovered in the 1980s, when a man named Tan Lai Fook from Raub, Pahang, stumbled upon a durian tree in <a href="/wiki/Gua_Musang_District" title="Gua Musang District">Gua Musang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>. He brought a branch back to Raub for grafting. The cultivar was named after its place of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The variety has bright yellow flesh and is like a more potent or enhanced version of the D24.<sup id="cite_ref-year_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-year-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the preferred cultivar in Singapore and Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-year_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-year-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other popular cultivars in Malaysia include "Tekka", with a distinctive yellowish core in the inner stem; "D168" (IOI), which is round, of medium size, green and yellow outer skin, and easily dislodged flesh which is medium-thick, solid, yellow in colour, and sweet;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Red Prawn" (<i>Udang Merah</i>, D175), found in the states of <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruit is medium-sized, oval, brownish green, with short thorns. The flesh is thick, not solid, yellow-coloured, and has a sweet taste.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesian_varieties">Indonesian varieties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indonesian varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indonesia has more than 100 varieties of durian. The most cultivated species is <i>D. zibethinus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nus_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nus-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable varieties are Sukun (<a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>), sitokong (<a href="/wiki/Betawi_people" title="Betawi people">Betawi</a>), sijapang (Betawi), Simas (<a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a>), Sunan (<a href="/wiki/Jepara" title="Jepara">Jepara</a>), si dodol and si hijau (<a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-nus_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nus-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Petruk (Central Java).<sup id="cite_ref-nus_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nus-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thai_varieties">Thai varieties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Thai varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Thailand, Mon Thong is the most commercially sought after cultivar, for its thick, full-bodied creamy and mild sweet-tasting flesh with moderate smell and smaller seeds, while Chanee is most resistant to infection by <i><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora_palmivora" title="Phytophthora palmivora">Phytophthora palmivora</a></i>. Kan Yao is less common, but prized for its longer window of time when it is both sweet and odourless. Among the cultivars in Thailand, five are currently in large-scale commercial cultivation: Chanee, Mon Thong, Kan Yao, Ruang, and Kradum.<sup id="cite_ref-Pibul_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pibul-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2007, Thai government scientist Songpol Somsri had crossbred more than ninety varieties of durian to create Chantaburi No. 1, a cultivar without the characteristic odour.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuller_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuller-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another hybrid, Chantaburi No. 3, develops the odour about three days after the fruit is picked, which enables an odourless transport yet satisfies consumers who prefer the pungent odour.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuller_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuller-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 May 2012, two other cultivars from Thailand that also lack the usual odour, Long Laplae and Lin Laplae, were presented to the public by Yothin Samutkhiri, governor of <a href="/wiki/Uttaradit_province" title="Uttaradit province">Uttaradit province</a> from where these cultivars were developed locally, while he announced the dates for the annual durian fair of <a href="/wiki/Laplae_district" title="Laplae district">Laplae district</a>, and the name given to each cultivar.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durio_kutej_F_070203_ime.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Durio kutejensis"><img alt="Durio kutejensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Durio_kutej_F_070203_ime.jpg/200px-Durio_kutej_F_070203_ime.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Durio_kutej_F_070203_ime.jpg/300px-Durio_kutej_F_070203_ime.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Durio_kutej_F_070203_ime.jpg/400px-Durio_kutej_F_070203_ime.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_kutejensis" title="Durio kutejensis">Durio kutejensis</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D101_and_random_stock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="D101 (right) has rich yellow flesh, clearly distinguishable from another variety (left)."><img alt="D101 (right) has rich yellow flesh, clearly distinguishable from another variety (left)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/D101_and_random_stock.jpg/200px-D101_and_random_stock.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/D101_and_random_stock.jpg/300px-D101_and_random_stock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/D101_and_random_stock.jpg/400px-D101_and_random_stock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">D101 (right) has rich yellow flesh, clearly distinguishable from another variety (left).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4SeasonsDurians22102009-02_(4034657521).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musang King, the most popular variety in Malaysia"><img alt="Musang King, the most popular variety in Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/4SeasonsDurians22102009-02_%284034657521%29.jpg/200px-4SeasonsDurians22102009-02_%284034657521%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/4SeasonsDurians22102009-02_%284034657521%29.jpg/300px-4SeasonsDurians22102009-02_%284034657521%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/4SeasonsDurians22102009-02_%284034657521%29.jpg/400px-4SeasonsDurians22102009-02_%284034657521%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Musang_King" title="Musang King">Musang King</a>, the most popular variety in Malaysia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durio_zibeth_071230-3107_cgud.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Local cultivar in Cigudeg, Bogor, West Java"><img alt="Local cultivar in Cigudeg, Bogor, West Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Durio_zibeth_071230-3107_cgud.jpg/130px-Durio_zibeth_071230-3107_cgud.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Durio_zibeth_071230-3107_cgud.jpg/194px-Durio_zibeth_071230-3107_cgud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Durio_zibeth_071230-3107_cgud.jpg/259px-Durio_zibeth_071230-3107_cgud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Local cultivar in Cigudeg, <a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation_and_trade">Cultivation and trade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultivation and trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_durian_diseases_and_pests" title="List of durian diseases and pests">List of durian diseases and pests</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:201906_Durian_vendor_in_Forest_City,_Johor,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/201906_Durian_vendor_in_Forest_City%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/220px-201906_Durian_vendor_in_Forest_City%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/201906_Durian_vendor_in_Forest_City%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/330px-201906_Durian_vendor_in_Forest_City%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/201906_Durian_vendor_in_Forest_City%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/440px-201906_Durian_vendor_in_Forest_City%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A durian vendor in Malaysia</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2018, Thailand was ranked the world's number one exporter of durian, producing around 700,000 tonnes of durian per year, 400,000 tonnes of which are exported to mainland China and Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanthaburi Province">Chantaburi</a> in Thailand holds the World Durian Festival in early May each year. This single province is responsible for half of the durian production of Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a> is the top producer of the fruit in the Philippines, producing 60% of the country's total.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, consumers prefer <i>D. graveolens</i>, <i>D. kutejensis</i>, and <i>D. oxleyanus</i>. These species constitute a <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">genetically diverse</a> crop source.<sup id="cite_ref-Osman_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osman-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durian was introduced into Australia in the early 1960s and clonal material followed in 1975. Over thirty clones of <i>D. zibethinus</i> and six other <i>Durio</i> species have been subsequently introduced into Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 the value of imported fresh durian became the highest of all fresh fruits imported to China, which was previously <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheEconomist202406_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheEconomist202406-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, China purchased at least US$3.4 billion worth or 90 percent of Thailand's fresh durian exports in that year.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall Chinese imports grew to $4 billion in 2022, when the Philippines and Vietnam gained permission to export fresh durians to China, and $6.7 billion in 2023 when 1.4 million tonnes were imported. Durian has become a <a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">status symbol</a> indicating wealth. Durian from Thailand retails at around ¥150 (US$20), while the more prestigious Musang King variety retails at around ¥500 and can be a birthday or wedding gift. The potential value for exporters has allowed China to leverage Durian as part of trade talks.<sup id="cite_ref-TheEconomist202406_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheEconomist202406-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire export of durians from Southeast Asia to China increased from US$550 million in 2017, to US$6.7 billion in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China's largest imports of the fruit came from Thailand, followed by Malaysia and Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durian is a relatively costly fruit because of its short shelf life.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shelf life can be extended to around 4 to 5 weeks by shrink wrapping each fruit; this inhibits dehiscence, probably by multiple mechanisms: inhibiting respiration; reducing loss of water; holding the fruit's parts together; and reducing decomposition by microbes.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The edible portion of the fruit, known as the <a href="/wiki/Aril" title="Aril">aril</a> and usually called the 'flesh' or 'pulp', only accounts for about 15–30% of the mass of the entire fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flavour_and_odour">Flavour and odour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flavour and odour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_durians_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/No_durians_sign.jpg/170px-No_durians_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/No_durians_sign.jpg/255px-No_durians_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/No_durians_sign.jpg/340px-No_durians_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1719" /></a><figcaption>Sign informing that the fruit is not allowed inside Singapore's <a href="/wiki/Mass_Rapid_Transit_(Singapore)" title="Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)">Mass Rapid Transit</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_deep_fried_crispy_durian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_deep_fried_crispy_durian.jpg/220px-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_deep_fried_crispy_durian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_deep_fried_crispy_durian.jpg/330px-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_deep_fried_crispy_durian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_deep_fried_crispy_durian.jpg/440px-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_deep_fried_crispy_durian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Sliced deep-fried durian in packages at a market in Thailand</figcaption></figure> <p>The strong flavour and odour of the fruit have prompted views ranging from appreciation to disgust.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-genthe_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genthe-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in 1856, the British <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> called the fruit's consistency and flavour "indescribable. A rich custard highly flavoured with almonds gives the best general idea of it, but there are occasional wafts of flavour that call to mind cream-cheese, onion-sauce, sherry-wine, and other incongruous dishes. Then there is a rich glutinous smoothness in the pulp which nothing else possesses, but which adds to its delicacy." He concluded that it provided a "new sensation worth a voyage to the East to experience. ... as producing a food of the most exquisite flavour it is unsurpassed."<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wallace described himself as being at first reluctant to try it because of the aroma, but on eating one in Borneo "out of doors, I at once became a confirmed Durian eater".<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace1886p74_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace1886p74-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He cites another writer as stating: "To those not used to it, it seems at first to smell like rotten onions, but immediately after they have tasted it they prefer it to all other food. The natives give it honourable titles, exalt it, and make verses on it."<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace1886p74_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace1886p74-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novelist <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a> wrote that eating durian is "like eating sweet raspberry <a href="/wiki/Blancmange" title="Blancmange">blancmange</a> in the lavatory".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The travel and food writer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sterling" title="Richard Sterling">Richard Sterling</a> states that "its odor is best described as pig-excrement, turpentine and onions, garnished with a gym sock."<sup id="cite_ref-winokur_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winokur-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other comparisons have been made with the <a href="/wiki/Civet" title="Civet">civet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">sewage</a>, stale <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunk</a> spray and used <a href="/wiki/Cotton_swab" title="Cotton swab">surgical swabs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such descriptions may reflect the odour's variability.<sup id="cite_ref-Aziz_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aziz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different species and cultivars vary markedly in aroma; for example, red durian (<i>D. dulcis</i>) has a deep <a href="/wiki/Caramel" title="Caramel">caramel</a> flavour with a <a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">turpentine</a> odour while red-fleshed durian (<i>D. graveolens</i>) emits a fragrance of roasted <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fruit's strong smell led to its ban from public transport systems in Singapore; it is not used in many hotels because of its pungency.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biochemical_basis">Biochemical basis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Biochemical basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A draft <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> analysis of durian indicates it has about 46,000 <a href="/wiki/Coding_strand" title="Coding strand">coding</a> and non-coding <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>, among which a class called <a href="/wiki/Methionine_gamma-lyase" title="Methionine gamma-lyase">methionine gamma-lyases</a> – which regulate the odour of organosulfur compounds – may be primarily responsible for the distinct odour.<sup id="cite_ref-Teh_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teh-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">phytochemicals</a> responsible for durian flavour and aroma include diverse <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">volatile</a> compounds, such as <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">ketones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">alcohols</a> (primarily <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Organosulfur_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Organosulfur compound">organosulfur compounds</a>, with various <a href="/wiki/Thiol" title="Thiol">thiols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aziz_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aziz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_butyrate" title="Ethyl butyrate">Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate</a> had the highest content among esters in a study of several varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-Aziz_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aziz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sugar content, primarily <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a>, has a range of 8–20% among different durian varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-Aziz_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aziz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durian flesh contains diverse <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">polyphenols</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Myricetin" title="Myricetin">myricetin</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a>, including a rich content of <a href="/wiki/Beta-carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-carotene">beta-carotene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aziz_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aziz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Ethanethiol" title="Ethanethiol">ethanethiol</a> and its derivatives was identified as a source of the fetid smell. However, the biochemical pathway by which the plant produces ethanethiol remained unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People in Southeast Asia with frequent exposures to durian are able to easily distinguish the sweet-like scent of its ketones and esters from rotten or <a href="/wiki/Putrescine" title="Putrescine">putrescine</a> odours which are from volatile amines and <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>. Some individuals are unable to differentiate these smells and find this fruit noxious, whereas others find it pleasant and appealing.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-genthe_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genthe-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This strong odour can be detected half a mile away by animals, thus luring them. In addition, the fruit is highly appetising to diverse animals, including <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">mouse deer</a>, pigs, <a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">sun bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">elephants</a>, and even carnivorous <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tigers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-su08b_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-su08b-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some of these animals eat the fruit and dispose of the seed under the parent plant, others swallow the seed with the fruit, and then transport it some distance before excreting, with the seed being dispersed as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The thorny, armoured covering of the fruit discourages smaller animals; larger animals are more likely to transport the seeds far from the parent tree.<sup id="cite_ref-McGee_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGee-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ripeness_and_selection">Ripeness and selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ripeness and selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Larousse_Gastronomique" title="Larousse Gastronomique">Larousse Gastronomique</a></i>, the durian fruit is ready to eat when its husk begins to crack.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the ideal stage of ripeness to be enjoyed varies from region to region in Southeast Asia and by species. Some species grow so tall that they can only be collected once they have fallen to the ground, whereas most cultivars of <i>D. zibethinus</i> are nearly always cut from the tree and allowed to ripen while waiting to be sold. Some people in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">southern Thailand</a> prefer their durians relatively young, when the clusters of fruit within the shell are still crisp in texture and mild in flavour. For some people in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Thailand" title="Northern Thailand">northern Thailand</a>, the preference is for the fruit to be soft and aromatic. In Malaysia and Singapore, most consumers prefer the fruit to be as ripe and pungent in aroma as possible and may even risk allowing the fruit to continue ripening after its husk has already cracked open. In this state, the flesh becomes richly creamy and slightly alcoholic.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The various preferences regarding ripeness among consumers make it hard to issue general statements about choosing a "good" durian. A durian that falls off the tree continues to ripen for two to four days, but after five or six days most would consider it overripe and unpalatable.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the same, some Thais cook such overripe fruit with palm sugar, creating a dessert called durian (or thurian) guan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Durian" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Durian"> Durian</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <p>In Thailand, durian is eaten fresh with sweet sticky rice, and blocks of durian paste are sold in the markets, though much of the paste is <a href="/wiki/Adulterant" title="Adulterant">adulterated</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unripe durians are cooked as a vegetable, except in the Philippines, where all uses are sweet rather than savoury. Malaysians make both sugared and salted preserves from durian. When durian is minced with salt, onions and vinegar, it is called <i>boder</i>. In Kelantan of Malaysia, fresh durian or tempoyak is mixed with onion and chilli slices, lime juice and budu (fermented anchovy sauce) and eaten as a condiment with rice-based meals. The seeds, which are the size of chestnuts, can be eaten boiled, roasted or fried in <a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">coconut oil</a>, with a texture that is similar to <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yam</a>, but stickier. In <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, the seeds are sliced thin and cooked with sugar as a confection. Uncooked seeds are potentially toxic due to <a href="/wiki/Cyclopropene" title="Cyclopropene">cyclopropene</a> fatty acids.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Savoury dishes</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tempoyak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tempoyak, made from fermented durian,Bandung, West Java"><img alt="Tempoyak, made from fermented durian,Bandung, West Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tempoyak.jpg/129px-Tempoyak.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tempoyak.jpg/193px-Tempoyak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tempoyak.jpg/258px-Tempoyak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tempoyak</i>, made from fermented durian,<a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ketan_saus_durian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ketan durian, glutinous rice with durian sauce, Indonesia"><img alt="Ketan durian, glutinous rice with durian sauce, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ketan_saus_durian.jpg/147px-Ketan_saus_durian.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ketan_saus_durian.jpg/220px-Ketan_saus_durian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ketan_saus_durian.jpg/293px-Ketan_saus_durian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ketan durian</i>, glutinous rice with durian sauce, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tempoyak_Ikan_Patin_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tempoyak ikan patin, catfish in tempoyak curry, Palembang, South Sumatra"><img alt="Tempoyak ikan patin, catfish in tempoyak curry, Palembang, South Sumatra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tempoyak_Ikan_Patin_3.JPG/147px-Tempoyak_Ikan_Patin_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tempoyak_Ikan_Patin_3.JPG/220px-Tempoyak_Ikan_Patin_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tempoyak_Ikan_Patin_3.JPG/294px-Tempoyak_Ikan_Patin_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tempoyak ikan patin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pangasius" title="Pangasius">catfish</a> in tempoyak curry, <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keripik_Durian_Medan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Keripik durian Medan (durian chips) in Medan, North Sumatra"><img alt="Keripik durian Medan (durian chips) in Medan, North Sumatra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Keripik_Durian_Medan.JPG/200px-Keripik_Durian_Medan.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Keripik_Durian_Medan.JPG/300px-Keripik_Durian_Medan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Keripik_Durian_Medan.JPG/400px-Keripik_Durian_Medan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="791" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Keripik durian Medan</i> (durian chips) in <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Durian fruit is used to flavour a wide variety of sweet edibles such as traditional Malay candy, <i><a href="/wiki/Ice_kacang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice kacang">ice kacang</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dodol" title="Dodol">dodol</a></i>, <i>lempuk</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rose biscuits, <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milkshake" title="Milkshake">milkshakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mooncake" title="Mooncake">mooncakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)" title="Yule log (cake)">Yule logs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">cappuccino</a>. <i>Es durian</i> (durian ice cream) is a popular dessert in Indonesia, sold at street side stall in Indonesian cities, especially in Java. <i>Pulut Durian</i> or <i>ketan durian</i> is <a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">glutinous rice</a> steamed with <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a> and served with ripened durian. In <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, red durian is fried with onions and chilli and served as a side dish.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red-fleshed durian is traditionally added to <i>sayur</i>, an Indonesian soup made from freshwater fish.<sup id="cite_ref-Heaton_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heaton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ikan brengkes tempoyak</i> is fish cooked in a durian-based sauce, traditional in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Breads and sweets</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_Gelato.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Durian ice cream in Singapore"><img alt="Durian ice cream in Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Durian_Gelato.JPG/147px-Durian_Gelato.JPG" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Durian_Gelato.JPG/220px-Durian_Gelato.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Durian_Gelato.JPG/293px-Durian_Gelato.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="1225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Durian ice cream in Singapore</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_cake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cake made of durian-flavoured dodol, Indonesian traditional sweet candy"><img alt="Cake made of durian-flavoured dodol, Indonesian traditional sweet candy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Durian_cake.jpg/175px-Durian_cake.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Durian_cake.jpg/262px-Durian_cake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Durian_cake.jpg/350px-Durian_cake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="645" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cake made of durian-flavoured <i><a href="/wiki/Dodol" title="Dodol">dodol</a></i>, Indonesian traditional sweet candy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_Keju_Bollen_Opened.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Durian Keju Bollen, a pastry filled with cheese and durian cream in Bandung, West Java"><img alt="Durian Keju Bollen, a pastry filled with cheese and durian cream in Bandung, West Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Durian_Keju_Bollen_Opened.JPG/200px-Durian_Keju_Bollen_Opened.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Durian_Keju_Bollen_Opened.JPG/300px-Durian_Keju_Bollen_Opened.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Durian_Keju_Bollen_Opened.JPG/400px-Durian_Keju_Bollen_Opened.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2041" data-file-height="952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Durian Keju Bollen</i>, a pastry filled with cheese and durian cream in <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, West Java</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_Pancake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Durian pancake, Indonesia"><img alt="Durian pancake, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Durian_Pancake.jpg/147px-Durian_Pancake.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Durian_Pancake.jpg/220px-Durian_Pancake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Durian_Pancake.jpg/293px-Durian_Pancake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Durian pancake, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tart_durian_Pontianak.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Durian cakes, Pontianak, West Kalimantan"><img alt="Durian cakes, Pontianak, West Kalimantan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tart_durian_Pontianak.JPG/147px-Tart_durian_Pontianak.JPG" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tart_durian_Pontianak.JPG/220px-Tart_durian_Pontianak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tart_durian_Pontianak.JPG/293px-Tart_durian_Pontianak.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Durian cakes, <a href="/wiki/Pontianak,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontianak, Indonesia">Pontianak</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Kalimantan" title="West Kalimantan">West Kalimantan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_candy_(Durian_pastillas)_-_Philippines_001_(3)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Durian pastillas (durian candy), Philippines"><img alt="Durian pastillas (durian candy), Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Durian_candy_%28Durian_pastillas%29_-_Philippines_001_%283%29_01.jpg/147px-Durian_candy_%28Durian_pastillas%29_-_Philippines_001_%283%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Durian_candy_%28Durian_pastillas%29_-_Philippines_001_%283%29_01.jpg/220px-Durian_candy_%28Durian_pastillas%29_-_Philippines_001_%283%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Durian_candy_%28Durian_pastillas%29_-_Philippines_001_%283%29_01.jpg/293px-Durian_candy_%28Durian_pastillas%29_-_Philippines_001_%283%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Durian <i><a href="/wiki/Pastillas" title="Pastillas">pastillas</a></i> (durian candy), Philippines</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Raw or fresh frozen durian <br /> (<i>Durio zibethinus</i>)</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">615 kJ (147 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">27.09 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fibre</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.8 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">5.33 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.47 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">44 IU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">31%</div> 0.374 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 0.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 1.074 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.23 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">19%</div> 0.316 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 36 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">22%</div> 19.7 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">23%</div> 0.207 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.43 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 30 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 0.325 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 39 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 436 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.28 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">65 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818162907/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2425?fgcd=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=35&sort=&qlookup=durian&offset=&format=Full&new=&measureby=">Link to Full Report</a> from the <a href="/wiki/USDA_National_Nutrient_Database" title="USDA National Nutrient Database">USDA National Nutrient Database</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raw durian is composed of 65% water, 27% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">carbohydrates</a> (including 4% <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary fibre">dietary fibre</a>), 5% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> and 1% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>. In 100 grams, raw or fresh frozen durian provides 33% of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> (DV) of <a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">thiamine</a> and a moderate content of other <a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary mineral">dietary mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (15–24% DV, table). Different durian varieties from Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia vary in their carbohydrate content from 16 to 29%, fat content from 2–5%, protein content from 2–4%, and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fibre</a> content from 1–4%, and in <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">caloric value</a> from 84 to 185 kcal per 100 grams.<sup id="cite_ref-Aziz_48-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aziz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fatty acids in durian flesh are particularly rich in <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">palmitic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aziz_48-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aziz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_history">Origin and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Origin and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the durian is thought to be in the region of Borneo and Sumatra, with wild trees in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">orchards</a> commonly cultivated in a wide region from India to New Guinea.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four hundred years ago, it was traded across present-day Myanmar, and was actively cultivated especially in Thailand and <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known European reference to the durian is the record of <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_de%27_Conti" title="Niccolò de' Conti">Niccolò de' Conti</a>, who travelled to Southeast Asia in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Translated from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Poggio_Bracciolini" title="Poggio Bracciolini">Poggio Bracciolini</a> recorded de Conti's travels: "They [people of Sumatra] have a green fruit which they call durian, as big as a watermelon. Inside there are five things like elongated oranges, and resembling thick butter, with a combination of flavours."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese physician <a href="/wiki/Garcia_de_Orta" title="Garcia de Orta">Garcia de Orta</a> described durians in <i><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B3quios_dos_simples_e_drogas_da_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India">Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India</a></i> published in 1563. In 1741, <i>Herbarium Amboinense</i> by the German botanist <a href="/wiki/Georg_Eberhard_Rumphius" title="Georg Eberhard Rumphius">Georg Eberhard Rumphius</a> was published, providing the most detailed and accurate account of durians for over a century. The genus <i>Durio</i> has a complex <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> that has seen the subtraction and addition of many species since it was created by Rumphius.<sup id="cite_ref-ACIAR_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACIAR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early stages of its taxonomical study, there was some confusion between durian and the <a href="/wiki/Soursop" title="Soursop">soursop</a> (<i>Annona muricata</i>), for both of these species had thorny green fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_006_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_006-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malay name for the soursop is <i>durian Belanda</i>, meaning <i>Dutch durian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Anton_Weinmann" title="Johann Anton Weinmann">Johann Anton Weinmann</a> considered the durian to belong to <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Castaneae</a> as its fruit was similar to the horse chestnut.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_006_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_006-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boym-durian-Lach-and-Kley-3-4-369.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Boym-durian-Lach-and-Kley-3-4-369.png/151px-Boym-durian-Lach-and-Kley-3-4-369.png" decoding="async" width="151" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Boym-durian-Lach-and-Kley-3-4-369.png/227px-Boym-durian-Lach-and-Kley-3-4-369.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Boym-durian-Lach-and-Kley-3-4-369.png/302px-Boym-durian-Lach-and-Kley-3-4-369.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1040" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A plate from <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Boym" title="Michał Boym">Michał Boym</a>'s 1655 account of China, showing cinnamon, durian, and plantain</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg/133px-Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg/200px-Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg/266px-Durio_Zibethinus_Van_Nooten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Durio zibethinus</i>. <a href="/wiki/Chromolithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromolithograph">Chromolithograph</a> by Hoola Van Nooten, circa 1863</div></div></div></div></div> <p><i>D. zibethinus</i> was introduced into <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a> by the Portuguese in the 16th century and was reintroduced many times later. It has been planted in the Americas but confined to <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical gardens</a>. The first seedlings were sent from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Saint-Arroman" title="Auguste Saint-Arroman">Auguste Saint-Arroman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-Agro_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agro-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Southeast Asia, the durian has been cultivated for centuries at the village level, probably since the late 18th century, and commercially since the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997115_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997115-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>My Tropic Isle</i>, Australian author and <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_James_Banfield" title="Edmund James Banfield">Edmund James Banfield</a> tells how, in the early 20th century, a friend in Singapore sent him a durian seed, which he planted and cared for on his tropical island off the north coast of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, the British botanist <a href="/wiki/E._J._H._Corner" title="E. J. H. Corner">E. J. H. Corner</a> published <i>The Durian Theory, or the Origin of the Modern Tree</i>. This proposed that <a href="/wiki/Zoochorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoochorous">endozoochory</a> (the enticement of animals to transport seeds in their stomach) arose before any other method of <a href="/wiki/Biological_dispersal" title="Biological dispersal">seed dispersal</a>, and that primitive ancestors of <i>Durio</i> species were the earliest practitioners of that dispersal method, in particular red durian (<i>D. dulcis</i>) exemplifying the primitive fruit of flowering plants. However, in more recent circumscriptions of Durioneae, the tribe into which <i>Durio</i> and its sister taxa fall, fleshy arils and spiny fruits are derived within the clade. Some genera possess these characters, but others do not. The most recent molecular evidence (on which the most recent, well-supported circumscription of Durioneae is based) therefore refutes Corner's Durian Theory.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the early 1990s, the domestic and international demand for durian in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (<a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>) region has increased significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown19971_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown19971-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 2020s a durian craze in China led to a large increase in international trade of the fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_folk_medicine">Culture and folk medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture and folk medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_influences">Cultural influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cultural influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common local belief is that the durian is harmful when eaten with coffee<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199751_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199751-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter belief can be traced back at least to the 18th century when <a href="/wiki/Rumphius" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumphius">Rumphius</a> stated that one should not drink alcohol after eating durians as it will cause indigestion and <a href="/wiki/Halitosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Halitosis">bad breath</a>. In 1929, J. D. Gimlette wrote in his <i>Malay Poisons and Charm Cures</i> that the durian fruit must not be eaten with <a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a>. In 1981, J. R. Croft wrote in his <i>Bombacaceae: In Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea</i> that "a feeling of morbidity" often follows the consumption of alcohol too soon after eating durian. Several medical investigations on the validity of this belief have been conducted with varying conclusions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199751_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199751-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a study by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tsukuba" title="University of Tsukuba">University of Tsukuba</a> finds the fruit's high sulphur content inhibits the activity of <a href="/wiki/Aldehyde_dehydrogenase" title="Aldehyde dehydrogenase">aldehyde dehydrogenase</a>, causing a 70 percent reduction of the ability to clear toxins from the body.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_with_sharp_thorns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Durian_with_sharp_thorns.jpg/220px-Durian_with_sharp_thorns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Durian_with_sharp_thorns.jpg/330px-Durian_with_sharp_thorns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Durian_with_sharp_thorns.jpg/440px-Durian_with_sharp_thorns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The fruit is covered in sharp thorns, capable of drawing blood.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Esplanade_4,_Singapore,_Dec_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Esplanade_4%2C_Singapore%2C_Dec_05.JPG/220px-The_Esplanade_4%2C_Singapore%2C_Dec_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Esplanade_4%2C_Singapore%2C_Dec_05.JPG/330px-The_Esplanade_4%2C_Singapore%2C_Dec_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Esplanade_4%2C_Singapore%2C_Dec_05.JPG/440px-The_Esplanade_4%2C_Singapore%2C_Dec_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Singapore's <a href="/wiki/Esplanade_%E2%80%93_Theatres_on_the_Bay" title="Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay">Esplanade</a> building, nicknamed "the Durian".</figcaption></figure> <p>In its native Southeast Asia, the durian is an everyday food and portrayed in the local media in accordance with the cultural perception it has in the region. The durian symbolised the subjective nature of ugliness and beauty in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> director <a href="/wiki/Fruit_Chan" title="Fruit Chan">Fruit Chan</a>'s 2000 film <i><a href="/wiki/Durian_Durian" title="Durian Durian">Durian Durian</a></i> (榴槤飄飄, <i>lau lin piu piu</i>), and was a nickname for the reckless but lovable protagonist of the eponymous Singaporean TV comedy <i>Durian King</i> played by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Pang" title="Adrian Pang">Adrian Pang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STB_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STB-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the oddly shaped <a href="/wiki/Esplanade_%E2%80%93_Theatres_on_the_Bay" title="Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay">Esplanade</a> building in Singapore (Theatres on the Bay) is often called "The Durian" by locals,<sup id="cite_ref-STB_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STB-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "The Big Durian" is the nickname of <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A saying in Malay and Indonesian, <i><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/mendapat_durian_runtuh">mendapat durian runtuh</a></i>, "getting a fallen durian", is the equivalent of the English phrase '<a href="/wiki/Windfall_gain" title="Windfall gain">windfall gain</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, trees bearing mature durians are dangerous because the fruit is heavy, armed with sharp thorns, and can fall from a significant height. <a href="/wiki/Hardhat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardhat">Hardhats</a> are worn when collecting the fruit. A common saying is that a durian has eyes, and can see where it is falling, because the fruit supposedly never falls during daylight hours when people may be hurt.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Malaysia, a spineless durian clone D172 was registered by the Agriculture Department in 1989. It was called "Durian Botak" ('Bald Durian').<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_elephant" title="Sumatran elephant">Sumatran elephants</a> and tigers sometimes eat durians.<sup id="cite_ref-su08b_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-su08b-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being a fruit much loved by a variety of animals, the durian is sometimes taken to signify the animalistic aspect of humans, as in the legend of <a href="/wiki/Orang_Mawas" title="Orang Mawas">Orang Mawas</a>, the Malaysian version of Bigfoot, and <a href="/wiki/Orang_Pendek" title="Orang Pendek">Orang Pendek</a>, its Sumatran version, both of which have been claimed to feast on durians.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_medicine">Folk medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Folk medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Malaysia, a <a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">decoction</a> of the leaves and roots used to be prescribed as an <a href="/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic">antipyretic</a>. The leaf juice is applied on the head of a fever patient.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most complete description of the medicinal use of the durian as remedies for fevers is a Malay prescription, collected by Burkill and Haniff in 1930. It instructs the reader to boil the roots of <i><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibiscus rosa-sinensis">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</a></i> with the roots of <i>Durio zibethinus</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nephelium_longana" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephelium longana">Nephelium longana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nephelium_mutabile" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephelium mutabile">Nephelium mutabile</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Artocarpus_integrifolius" class="mw-redirect" title="Artocarpus integrifolius">Artocarpus integrifolius</a></i>, and drink the decoction or use it as a <a href="/wiki/Poultice" title="Poultice">poultice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Southeast Asian traditional beliefs, as well as traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_food_therapy" title="Chinese food therapy">Chinese food therapy</a>, consider the durian fruit to have warming properties liable to cause <a href="/wiki/Excessive_sweating" class="mw-redirect" title="Excessive sweating">excessive sweating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional method to counteract this is to pour water into the empty shell of the fruit after the pulp has been consumed and drink it.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative method is to eat the durian in accompaniment with mangosteen, which is considered to have cooling properties. Pregnant women or people with <a href="/wiki/High_blood_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="High blood pressure">high blood pressure</a> are traditionally advised not to consume durian.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuller_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuller-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> believe durian to have <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisiac" title="Aphrodisiac">aphrodisiac</a> qualities, and impose a set of rules on what may or may not be consumed with it or shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A saying in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">durian jatuh sarung naik</i></span>, meaning "the durian falls and the <a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarong</a> comes up", refers to this belief.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The warnings against the supposed lecherous quality of this fruit soon spread to the West – the <a href="/wiki/Swedenborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedenborg">Swedenborgian</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Herman_Vetterling" title="Herman Vetterling">Herman Vetterling</a> commented on so-called "erotic properties" of the durian in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high demand for durians in China has prompted a shift in Malaysia from small-scale durian orchards to large-scale industrial operations. Forests are cleared to make way for large durian plantations, compounding an existing deforestation problem caused by the cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Oil_palms" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palms">oil palms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Airriess_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airriess-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Animal species such as the <a href="/wiki/Small_flying_fox" title="Small flying fox">small flying fox</a>, which pollinates durian trees, and the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Malayan tiger</a> are endangered by the increasing deforestation of their habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-Airriess_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airriess-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Gua_Musang_District" title="Gua Musang District">Gua Musang District</a>, the state government approved the conversion of 40 km<sup>2</sup> (10,000 acres) of forestry, including indigenous lands of the <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a>, to durian plantations.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prevalence of the Musang King and Monthong varieties in Malaysia and Thailand, respectively, has led to concerns about a decrease in the durian's <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">genetic diversity</a> at the expense of higher-quality varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-Airriess_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airriess-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2022 study of durian species in <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, Indonesia, found low genetic diversity, suggestive of <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">inbreeding depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" title="Genetic drift">genetic drift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, these dominant hybrid varieties are more susceptible to pests and fungal diseases, requiring the use of <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">fungicides</a> that can weaken the trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Airriess_90-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airriess-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delicacy" title="Delicacy">Delicacy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427051612/https://www.lexico.com/definition/durian">"durian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/durian">the original</a> on 27 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=durian&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fdurian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morton-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morton_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1987" class="citation book cs1">Morton, J.F. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/durian_ars.html">"Durian"</a>. <i>Fruits of Warm Climates</i>. Florida Flair Books; republished in New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9610184-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9610184-1-2"><bdi>978-0-9610184-1-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215065648/https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/durian_ars.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Durian&rft.btitle=Fruits+of+Warm+Climates&rft.pub=Florida+Flair+Books%3B+republished+in+New+Crop+Resource+Online+Program%2C+Center+for+New+Crops+and+Plant+Products%2C+Department+of+Horticulture+and+Landscape+Architecture%2C+Purdue+University&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-9610184-1-2&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hort.purdue.edu%2Fnewcrop%2Fmorton%2Fdurian_ars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-straits-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-straits_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straits_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/hail-the-king-of-fruit-10-types-of-durians-from-malaysia">"Hail the king of fruit – 10 types of durians from Malaysia"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 22 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527000840/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/hail-the-king-of-fruit-10-types-of-durians-from-malaysia">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Hail+the+king+of+fruit+%E2%80%93+10+types+of+durians+from+Malaysia&rft.date=2015-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Fhail-the-king-of-fruit-10-types-of-durians-from-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heaton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heaton_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heaton_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeaton2006" class="citation book cs1">Heaton, Donald D. (2006). <i>A Consumers Guide on World Fruit</i>. BookSurge Publishing. pp. 54–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4196-3955-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4196-3955-5"><bdi>978-1-4196-3955-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Consumers+Guide+on+World+Fruit&rft.pages=54-56&rft.pub=BookSurge+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4196-3955-5&rft.aulast=Heaton&rft.aufirst=Donald+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OED_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/58646">"durian, <i>n</i>."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411145105/https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/58646">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=durian%2C+n%26period%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F58646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/durian">"Durian"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220312231353/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/durian">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Durian&rft.pub=Dictionary.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fdurian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NLB_Singapore_2024-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NLB_Singapore_2024_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c01d67f9-c903-4cc0-a7db-2c478a4552d4">"Durian"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Durian&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlb.gov.sg%2Fmain%2Farticle-detail%3Fcmsuuid%3Dc01d67f9-c903-4cc0-a7db-2c478a4552d4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199722–33_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, pp. 22–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACIAR-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACIAR_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACIAR_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'GaraGuestHassan2004" class="citation book cs1">O'Gara, E.; Guest, D. I.; Hassan, N. M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304071448/http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/598/mn114-part1.pdf">"Botany and Production of Durian (<i>Durio zibethinus</i>) in Southeast Asia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Drenth, A.; Guest, D. I. (eds.). <i>Diversity and management of </i>Phytophthora<i> in Southeast Asia. ACIAR Monograph No. 114</i>. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 180–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86320-405-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86320-405-7"><bdi>978-1-86320-405-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/598/mn114-part1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+draft+genome+of+tropical+fruit+durian+%28Durio+zibethinus%29&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1633-1641&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9804756%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28991254&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fng.3972&rft.aulast=Teh&rft.aufirst=Bin+Tean&rft.au=Lim%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Yong%2C+Chern+Han&rft.au=Ng%2C+Cedric+Chuan+Young&rft.au=Rao%2C+Sushma+Ramesh&rft.au=Rajasegaran%2C+Vikneswari&rft.au=Lim%2C+Weng+Khong&rft.au=Ong%2C+Choon+Kiat&rft.au=Chan%2C+Ki&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Vincent+Kin+Yuen&rft.au=Soh%2C+Poh+Sheng&rft.au=Swarup%2C+Sanjay&rft.au=Rozen%2C+Steven+G.&rft.au=Nagarajan%2C+Niranjan&rft.au=Tan%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fng.3972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 2 See also pp. 5–6 on whether Linnaeus or Murray is the correct authority for the <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial name</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitten2001" class="citation book cs1">Whitten, Tony (2001). <i>The Ecology of Sumatra</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tuttle_Publishing" title="Tuttle Publishing">Periplus</a>. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-593-074-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-593-074-9"><bdi>978-962-593-074-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Sumatra&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Periplus&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-962-593-074-9&rft.aulast=Whitten&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYumoto2000" class="citation journal cs1">Yumoto, Takakazu (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2656655">"Bird-pollination of Three Durio Species (Bombacaceae) in a Tropical Rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia"</a>. <i><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fans+Sour+on+Sweeter+Version+of+Asia%27s+Smelliest+Fruit&rft.date=2007-04-08&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F08%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F08durian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625181413/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Odourless-durians-to-hit-the-market-30182636.html">"Odourless durians to hit the market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>. 23 May 2012. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yicaiglobal.com&rft.atitle=Durian+Was+Most+Popular+Imported+Fruit+in+China+Last+Year+With+Imports+of+USD4.2+Billion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yicaiglobal.com%2Fnews%2Fdurian-was-most-popular-imported-fruit-in-china-last-year-with-imports-of-usd42-billion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFullerBhaskar2024" class="citation news cs1">Fuller, Thomas; Bhaskar, Gabriela (16 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/16/business/durian-china-malaysia-thailand.html">"China's Lust for Durian Is Creating Fortunes in Southeast Asia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China%27s+Lust+for+Durian+Is+Creating+Fortunes+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.date=2024-06-16&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Bhaskar%2C+Gabriela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F06%2F16%2Fbusiness%2Fdurian-china-malaysia-thailand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguesSilvaDe_Brito2018" class="citation book cs1">Rodrigues, Sueli; Silva, Ebenezer de Oliveira; De Brito, Edy Sousa (5 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eScsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169"><i>Exotic Fruits Reference Guide</i></a>. Academic Press. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-803153-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-803153-7"><bdi>978-0-12-803153-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exotic+Fruits+Reference+Guide&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2018-01-05&rft.isbn=978-0-12-803153-7&rft.aulast=Rodrigues&rft.aufirst=Sueli&rft.au=Silva%2C+Ebenezer+de+Oliveira&rft.au=De+Brito%2C+Edy+Sousa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeScsDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_42-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Davidson_(food_writer)" title="Alan Davidson (food writer)">Davidson, Alan</a> (1999). <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Food" title="The Oxford Companion to Food"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0/page/263">263</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9"><bdi>978-0-19-211579-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211579-9&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-genthe-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-genthe_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-genthe_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenthe1999" class="citation web cs1">Genthe, Henry (September 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/durians-smell-awful-but-the-taste-is-heavenly-57313254/">"Durians Smell Awful – But the Taste Is Heavenly"</a>. Smithsonian Institution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011041714/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/durians-smell-awful-but-the-taste-is-heavenly-57313254/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Durians+Smell+Awful+%E2%80%93+But+the+Taste+Is+Heavenly&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=1999-09&rft.aulast=Genthe&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fscience-nature%2Fdurians-smell-awful-but-the-taste-is-heavenly-57313254%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wallace-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wallace_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1856" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace, Alfred Russel</a> (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S027.htm">"On the Bamboo and Durian of Borneo"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006070444/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S027.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Bamboo+and+Durian+of+Borneo&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wku.edu%2F~smithch%2Fwallace%2FS027.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wallace1886p74-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wallace1886p74_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wallace1886p74_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1886" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace, Alfred Russel</a> (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/malayarchipelag03wallgoog#page/n90/mode/1up"><i>The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utang and the bird of paradise</i></a>. London: Macmillan & Co. pp. 74–75<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malay+Archipelago%3A+The+land+of+the+orang-utang+and+the+bird+of+paradise&rft.place=London&rft.pages=74-75&rft.pub=Macmillan+%26+Co&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmalayarchipelag03wallgoog%23page%2Fn90%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Burgess, Anthony</a> (1993) [1956]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h_ReGl7pJuEC&q=The%20Long%20Day%20Wanes%3A%20A%20Malayan%20Trilogy&pg=PA70"><i>The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30943-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30943-0"><bdi>978-0-393-30943-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020065503/https://books.google.com/books?id=h_ReGl7pJuEC&q=The+Long+Day+Wanes%3A+A+Malayan+Trilogy&pg=PA70">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Day+Wanes%3A+A+Malayan+Trilogy&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-393-30943-0&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh_ReGl7pJuEC%26q%3DThe%2520Long%2520Day%2520Wanes%253A%2520A%2520Malayan%2520Trilogy%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winokur-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-winokur_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinokur2003" class="citation book cs1">Winokur, Jon, ed. (2003). <i>The Traveling Curmudgeon: Irreverent Notes, Quotes, and Anecdotes on Dismal Destinations, Excess Baggage, the Full Upright Position, and Other Reasons Not to Go There</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditional+Cuisine&rft.pub=Sabah+Tourism+Promotion+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabahtravelguide.com%2Fculture%2Fdefault.ASP%3Fpage%3Dtrad_cuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaisutisBedford,_NealElliott,_MarkRay,_Nick2007" class="citation book cs1">Vaisutis, Justine; Bedford, Neal; Elliott, Mark; Ray, Nick; Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2007). <i>Indonesia (Lonely Planet Travel Guides)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonely Planet Publications">Lonely Planet Publications</a>. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-435-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-435-5"><bdi>978-1-74104-435-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia+%28Lonely+Planet+Travel+Guides%29&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-435-5&rft.aulast=Vaisutis&rft.aufirst=Justine&rft.au=Bedford%2C+Neal&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Mark&rft.au=Ray%2C+Nick&rft.au=Berkmoes%2C+Ryan+Ver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/"><i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i></a>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509063633/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuleBurnell1996" class="citation book cs1">Yule, Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (1996) [1886]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rcjmiBm8hHQC&pg=PA332">"Durian, Dorian"</a>. <i>Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo–Indian Dictionary</i>. Wordsworth Editions. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1853263637" title="Special:BookSources/978-1853263637"><bdi>978-1853263637</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401064808/https://books.google.com/books?id=rcjmiBm8hHQC&pg=PA332">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Durian%2C+Dorian&rft.btitle=Hobson-Jobson%3A+The+Anglo%E2%80%93Indian+Dictionary&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Wordsworth+Editions&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1853263637&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Burnell%2C+Arthur+Coke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrcjmiBm8hHQC%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_006-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_006_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_006_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1999" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0/page/737"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0/page/737">737</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9"><bdi>978-0-19-211579-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pages=737&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211579-9&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00davi_0%2Fpage%2F737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agro-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Agro_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927154326/http://www.worldagroforestry.org/SEA/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=715">"Agroforestry Tree Database – <i>Durio zibethinus</i>"</a>. International Center for Research in Agroforestry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldagroforestry.org/SEA/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=715">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agroforestry+Tree+Database+%E2%80%93+Durio+zibethinus&rft.pub=International+Center+for+Research+in+Agroforestry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldagroforestry.org%2FSEA%2FProducts%2FAFDbases%2FAF%2Fasp%2FSpeciesInfo.asp%3FSpID%3D715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997115-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997115_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanfield1911" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_James_Banfield" title="Edmund James Banfield">Banfield, E. J.</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007033454/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/banfield/ej/b21tr/"><i>My Tropic Isle</i></a>. T. Fisher Unwin. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/banfield/ej/b21tr/">the original</a> on 7 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Tropic+Isle&rft.pub=T.+Fisher+Unwin&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Banfield&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetext.library.adelaide.edu.au%2Fb%2Fbanfield%2Fej%2Fb21tr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown19971-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown19971_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShan2023" class="citation web cs1">Shan, Lee Ying (13 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/13/durian-demand-has-soared-400percent-fueled-by-chinas-craze-for-the-fruit.html?recirc=taboolainternal">"Demand for the world's smelliest fruit has soared 400%, fueled by China's 'craze'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>cnbc.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnbc.com&rft.atitle=Demand+for+the+world%27s+smelliest+fruit+has+soared+400%25%2C+fueled+by+China%27s+%27craze%27&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft.aulast=Shan&rft.aufirst=Lee+Ying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F09%2F13%2Fdurian-demand-has-soared-400percent-fueled-by-chinas-craze-for-the-fruit.html%3Frecirc%3Dtaboolainternal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199751-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199751_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199751_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20327253.200-durians-and-booze-worse-than-a-stinking-hangover.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=online-news">"Durians and booze: worse than a stinking hangover"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i>. 16 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090922185614/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20327253.200-durians-and-booze-worse-than-a-stinking-hangover.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=online-news">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Durians+and+booze%3A+worse+than+a+stinking+hangover&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg20327253.200-durians-and-booze-worse-than-a-stinking-hangover.html%3FDCMP%3DOTC-rss%26nsref%3Donline-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STB-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STB_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STB_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070823005745/http://www.visitsingapore.com/publish/stbportal/en/home/about_singapore/ezine_home/Jul06/local_speak/Durain_Story.html">"Uniquely Singapore – July 2006 Issue"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniquely+Singapore+%E2%80%93+July+2006+Issue&rft.pub=Singapore+Tourism+Board&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitsingapore.com%2Fpublish%2Fstbportal%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fabout_singapore%2Fezine_home%2FJul06%2Flocal_speak%2FDurain_Story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuryodiningrat2007" class="citation web cs1">Suryodiningrat, Meidyatama (22 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221030541/http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20070622.B10">"Jakarta: A city we learn to love but never to like"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post" title="The Jakarta Post">The Jakarta Post</a></i>. 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(2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5677486">"Pollination by the locally endangered island flying fox (<i>Pteropus hypomelanus</i>) enhances fruit production of the economically important durian (<i>Durio zibethinus</i>)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ecology_and_Evolution" title="Ecology and Evolution">Ecology and Evolution</a></i>. <b>7</b> (21): 8670–8684. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EcoEv...7.8670A">2017EcoEv...7.8670A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fece3.3213">10.1002/ece3.3213</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5677486">5677486</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29152168">29152168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Pollination+by+the+locally+endangered+island+flying+fox+%28Pteropus+hypomelanus%29+enhances+fruit+production+of+the+economically+important+durian+%28Durio+zibethinus%29&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=8670-8684&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5677486%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29152168&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fece3.3213&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017EcoEv...7.8670A&rft.aulast=Aziz&rft.aufirst=Sheema+A.&rft.au=Clements%2C+Gopalasamy+R.&rft.au=McConkey%2C+Kim+R.&rft.au=Sritongchuay%2C+Tuanjit&rft.au=Pathil%2C+Saifful&rft.au=Abu+Yazid%2C+Muhammad+Nur+Hafizi&rft.au=Campos-Arceiz%2C+Ahimsa&rft.au=Forget%2C+Pierre-Michel&rft.au=Bumrungsri%2C+Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5677486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rahman, Serina (2020). "Malaysia and the Pursuit of Sustainability". <i>Southeast Asian Affairs</i>. <b>2020</b>: 214–215. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26938892">26938892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=Malaysia+and+the+Pursuit+of+Sustainability&rft.volume=2020&rft.pages=214-215&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26938892%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Serina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMursyidinMakrufBadruzsaufariNoor2022" class="citation journal cs1">Mursyidin, Dindin Hidayatul; Makruf, Muhammad Irfan; Badruzsaufari; et al. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8888783">"Molecular diversity of exotic durian (<i>Durio</i> spp.) germplasm: a case study of Kalimantan, Indonesia"</a>. <i>Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs43141-022-00321-8">10.1186/s43141-022-00321-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8888783">8888783</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35230532">35230532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genetic+Engineering+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Molecular+diversity+of+exotic+durian+%28Durio+spp.%29+germplasm%3A+a+case+study+of+Kalimantan%2C+Indonesia&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8888783%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35230532&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs43141-022-00321-8&rft.aulast=Mursyidin&rft.aufirst=Dindin+Hidayatul&rft.au=Makruf%2C+Muhammad+Irfan&rft.au=Badruzsaufari&rft.au=Noor%2C+Aidi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8888783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1997" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Michael J. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioversityinternational.org/uploads/tx_news/Durio_654.pdf"><i>Durio – A Bibliographic Review</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9043-318-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9043-318-7"><bdi>978-92-9043-318-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713064346/http://www.bioversityinternational.org/uploads/tx_news/Durio_654.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Durio+%E2%80%93+A+Bibliographic+Review&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=International+Plant+Genetic+Resources+Institute&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-92-9043-318-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioversityinternational.org%2Fuploads%2Ftx_news%2FDurio_654.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADurian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">38</span> minutes</span>)</div><div 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Durian" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#E1BD27;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Durian" title="Template:Durian"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Durian" title="Template talk:Durian"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Durian" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Durian"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Durian" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Durian</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E1BD27;;width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Durio" title="Durio">Durio</a></i> species <br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Durio_species" title="List of Durio species">List</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edible" title="Edible">Edible</a> species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boschia_grandiflora" title="Boschia grandiflora">Boschia grandiflora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_dulcis" title="Durio dulcis">Durio dulcis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_graveolens" title="Durio graveolens">Durio graveolens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_kutejensis" title="Durio kutejensis">Durio kutejensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_lowianus" title="Durio lowianus">Durio lowianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_macrantha" title="Durio macrantha">Durio macrantha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_oxleyanus" title="Durio oxleyanus">Durio oxleyanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_testudinarius" title="Durio testudinarius">Durio testudinarius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_zibethinus" title="Durio zibethinus">Durio zibethinus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species of unknown edibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_acutifolius" title="Durio acutifolius">Durio acutifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_affinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio affinis (page does not exist)">Durio affinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_beccarianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio beccarianus (page does not exist)">Durio beccarianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_bukitrayaensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio bukitrayaensis (page does not exist)">Durio bukitrayaensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_burmanicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio burmanicus (page does not exist)">Durio burmanicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_carinatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio carinatus (page does not exist)">Durio carinatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_crassipes" title="Durio crassipes">Durio crassipes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_excelsus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio excelsus (page does not exist)">Durio excelsus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_griffithii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio griffithii (page does not exist)">Durio griffithii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_kinabaluensis" title="Durio kinabaluensis">Durio kinabaluensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_lanceolatus" title="Durio lanceolatus">Durio lanceolatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_lissocarpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio lissocarpus (page does not exist)">Durio lissocarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_macrolepis" title="Durio macrolepis">Durio macrolepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_macrophyllus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio macrophyllus (page does not exist)">Durio macrophyllus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_malaccensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio malaccensis (page does not exist)">Durio malaccensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_mansoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio mansoni (page does not exist)">Durio mansoni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_oblongus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio oblongus (page does not exist)">Durio oblongus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_pinangianus" title="Durio pinangianus">Durio pinangianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_purpureus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio purpureus (page does not exist)">Durio purpureus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durio_singaporensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durio singaporensis (page does not exist)">Durio singaporensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durio_wyatt-smithii" title="Durio wyatt-smithii">Durio wyatt-smithii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Durian_cultivars" title="Category:Durian cultivars">Durian cultivars</a> <small style="">( 1 )</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musang_King" title="Musang King">Musang King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D101_and_random_stock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/D101_and_random_stock.jpg/70px-D101_and_random_stock.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/D101_and_random_stock.jpg/105px-D101_and_random_stock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/D101_and_random_stock.jpg/140px-D101_and_random_stock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E1BD27;;width:1%">Odor compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethane-1,1-dithiol" title="Ethane-1,1-dithiol">Ethane-1,1-dithiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethyl_sulfide" title="Diethyl sulfide">Diethyl sulfide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E1BD27;;width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tempoyak" title="Tempoyak">Tempoyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_durian" title="Fried durian">Fried durian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E1BD27;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_durian_diseases_and_pests" title="List of durian diseases and pests">Diseases and pests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conogethes_punctiferalis" title="Conogethes punctiferalis">durian fruit borer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphnusa_ocellaris" title="Daphnusa ocellaris">durian hawkmoth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E1BD27;;width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AYA_Awards" title="AYA Awards">AYA Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Durian_(film)" title="The Big Durian (film)"><i>The Big Durian</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Durian_(sculpture)" title="The Big Durian (sculpture)">The Big Durian (sculpture)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_Durian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital Durian (page does not exist)">Digital Durian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Durian" class="extiw" title="ms:Digital Durian">ms</a>]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durian%27s_Affair" title="Durian's Affair">Durian's Affair</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durian_Durian" title="Durian Durian">Durian Durian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng:_The_Adventure_Begins" title="Geng: The Adventure Begins">Geng: The Adventure Begins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan_Durian_Perangin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalan Durian Perangin">Jalan Durian Perangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Millan" title="Kublai Millan">Kublai Millan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_of_Exploding_Durians" title="River of Exploding Durians">River of Exploding Durians</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E1BD27;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponyms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">The Big Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ci_Durian" title="Ci Durian">Ci Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Burung" title="Durian Burung">Durian Burung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durian_Perangin_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durian Perangin Waterfall (page does not exist)">Durian Perangin Waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Pipit_(mukim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Durian Pipit (mukim)">Durian Pipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal" title="Durian Tunggal">Durian Tunggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir" title="Durian Tunggal Reservoir">Durian Tunggal Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal_(state_constituency)" title="Durian Tunggal (state constituency)">Durian Tunggal (state constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan_Pulau_Tawar-Durian_Hijau" title="Jalan Pulau Tawar-Durian Hijau">Jalan Pulau Tawar-Durian Hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Durian_Tunjong" title="Kampung Durian Tunjong">Kampung Durian Tunjong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampung_Durian_Perangin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampung Durian Perangin (page does not exist)">Kampung Durian Perangin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung_Durian_Perangin" class="extiw" title="ms:Kampung Durian Perangin">ms</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Durian" title="Simpang Durian">Simpang Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplanade_%E2%80%93_Theatres_on_the_Bay" title="Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay">Singapore durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarutung" title="Tarutung">Tarutung</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sungai_Durian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Durian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sungai Durian (disambiguation)">Sungai Durian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Durian,_Kotabaru" title="Sungai Durian, Kotabaru">Kotabaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Durian,_Patamuan" title="Sungai Durian, Patamuan">Patamuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Durian,_Payakumbuh" title="Sungai Durian, Payakumbuh">Payakumbuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Durian,_Perak" title="Sungai Durian, Perak">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Durian,_Solok" title="Sungai Durian, Solok">Solok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Durian,_Tabalong" title="Sungai Durian, Tabalong">Tabalong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Durian" title="List of storms named Durian">Storms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Durian_(2001)" title="Tropical Storm Durian (2001)">Tropical Storm Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Durian" title="Typhoon Durian">Typhoon Durian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Typhoon_Durian" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorological history of Typhoon Durian">Meteorological history of Typhoon Durian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other eponyms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durian_bent-toed_gecko" title="Durian bent-toed gecko">Durian bent-toed gecko</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Durianella" title="Durianella">Durianella</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Tuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Durian Tuang">Durian Tuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E1BD27;;width:1%">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Thailand#Durian" title="Agriculture in Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#E1BD27;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Durio" title="Category:Durio">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Durian" class="extiw" title="commons:Durian">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/durian" class="extiw" title="wikt:durian">Wiktionary</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Durio" class="extiw" title="species:Durio">Wikispecies</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Durian" class="extiw" title="q:Durian">Wikiquote</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuts" title="Template:Nuts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuts" title="Template talk:Nuts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True, or <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">botanical nuts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_grandifolia" title="Fagus grandifolia">American beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">European beech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brosimum_alicastrum" title="Brosimum alicastrum">Breadnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleurites_moluccanus" title="Aleurites moluccanus">Candlenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castanea_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanea sativa">Sweet chestnut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_americana" title="Corylus americana">American hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_cornuta" title="Corylus cornuta">Beaked hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana">European hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">Filbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_heterophylla" title="Corylus heterophylla">Asian hazel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_nut" title="Kola nut">Kola nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachychiton" title="Brachychiton">Kurrajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachira_aquatica" title="Pachira aquatica">Malabar chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis" title="Elaeis guineensis">Palm nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicksbeachia_pinnatifolia" title="Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia">Red bopple nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_bancroftii" title="Beilschmiedia bancroftii">Yellow walnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Drupes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semecarpus_australiensis" title="Semecarpus australiensis">Australian cashew nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Betel nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Borneo tallow nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevuina" title="Gevuina">Chilean hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coula_edulis" title="Coula edulis">Gabon nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carya_tomentosa" title="Carya tomentosa">Mockernut hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_ovata" title="Carya ovata">Shagbark hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_laciniosa" title="Carya laciniosa">Shellbark hickory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpus_bancroftii" title="Elaeocarpus bancroftii">Johnstone River almond</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irvingia_gabonensis" title="Irvingia gabonensis">Irvingia gabonensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jack nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuka" title="Karuka">Karuka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_julianettii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanus julianettii">Planted karuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_brosimos" title="Pandanus brosimos">Wild karuka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo" title="Mongongo">Mongongo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panda_oleosa" title="Panda oleosa">Panda oleosa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocar_nuciferum" title="Caryocar nuciferum">Pekea nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarium_ovatum" title="Canarium ovatum">Pili nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_nigra" title="Juglans nigra">Black walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_cinerea" title="Juglans cinerea">Butternut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_regia" title="Juglans regia">English walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_ailantifolia" title="Juglans ailantifolia">Heartnut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macrozamia" title="Macrozamia">Burrawang nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo nut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">Araucaria</a></i> spp. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_bidwillii" title="Araucaria bidwillii">Bunya nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Monkey-puzzle nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_gerardiana" title="Pinus gerardiana">Chilgoza pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_edulis" title="Pinus edulis">Colorado pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_koraiensis" title="Pinus koraiensis">Korean pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_cembroides" title="Pinus cembroides">Mexican pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">Single-leaf pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_pine" title="Stone pine">Stone pine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia" title="Macadamia">Macadamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">Macadamia nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Queensland macadamia nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythis" title="Lecythis">Paradise nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterculia_quadrifida" title="Sterculia quadrifida">Peanut tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Non-timber_forest_products" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Template:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Template talk:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Non-timber_forest_products" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">Non-timber forest products</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">Animal products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">Furs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pine_honey" title="Pine honey">pine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Wild game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">Berries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree" title="Fruit tree">tree fruit</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilberry" title="Bilberry">Bilberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_binucao" title="Garcinia binucao">Binukaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">Blackberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">Blueberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_gummi-gutta" title="Garcinia gummi-gutta">Gambooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">Huckleberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_vitis-idaea" title="Vaccinium vitis-idaea">Lingonberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">Strawberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca">Woodland strawberry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaf_vegetables" title="List of leaf vegetables">Edible plants</a> / <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betel" title="Betel">Betel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddlehead" title="Fiddlehead">Fiddlehead ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_palm" title="Heart of palm">Heart of palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Mahuwa_flowers" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahuwa flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu" title="Metroxylon sagu">Sago palm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycas_circinalis" title="Cycas circinalis">queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%A9_powder" title="Filé powder">filé powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">root beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenoa" title="Serenoa">Saw palmetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng#Wild_ginseng" title="Ginseng">Wild ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_onion" title="Wild onion">Wild onions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_ursinum" title="Allium ursinum">Bear garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_canadense" title="Allium canadense">Canada onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_vineale" title="Allium vineale">Crow garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_bisceptrum" title="Allium bisceptrum">Twincrest onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_validum" title="Allium validum">Pacific mountain onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tricoccum" title="Allium tricoccum">Ramps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">Mushrooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russula_vesca" title="Russula vesca">Bare-toothed russula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imleria_badia" title="Imleria badia">Bay bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_scabrum" title="Leccinum scabrum">Birch bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boletus_edulis" title="Boletus edulis">Cep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantharellus" title="Cantharellus">Chanterelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armillaria_mellea" title="Armillaria mellea">Honey mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingzhi_(mushroom)" title="Lingzhi (mushroom)">Lingzhi</a> (reishi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsutake" title="Matsutake">Matsutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agaricus_campestris" title="Agaricus campestris">Meadow mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morchella" title="Morchella">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleurotus_ostreatus" title="Pleurotus ostreatus">Oyster mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrolepiota_procera" title="Macrolepiota procera">Parasol mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_aurantiacum" title="Leccinum aurantiacum">Red cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactarius_deliciosus" title="Lactarius deliciosus">Saffron milk cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suillus_luteus" title="Suillus luteus">Slippery jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricholoma_equestre" title="Tricholoma equestre">Yellow knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphium_affine" title="Scaphium affine">Malva nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">waxes</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allanblackia_oil" title="Allanblackia oil">Allanblackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babassu_oil" title="Babassu oil">Babassu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonia" title="Platonia">Bacuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlenut_oil" title="Candlenut oil">Candlenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_grandiflorum" title="Theobroma grandiflorum">Capuacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnauba_wax" title="Carnauba wax">Carnauba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydnocarpus_wightiana_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydnocarpus wightiana seed oil">Chaulmoogra <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Hydnocarpus wightiana</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptol" title="Eucalyptol">Eucalyptol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_oil" title="Eucalyptus oil">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illipe" title="Illipe">Illipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_wax" title="Japan wax">Japan wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokum_butter" title="Kokum butter">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pycnanthus_angolensis" title="Pycnanthus angolensis">Kombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadesma_butyracea" title="Pentadesma butyracea">Kpangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusum_oil" title="Kusum oil">Kusum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichilia_emetica" title="Trichilia emetica">Mafura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Oil" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_oil" title="Mango oil">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_murumuru" title="Astrocaryum murumuru">Murumuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagkesar_seed_oil" title="Nagkesar seed oil">Nagkesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">kernel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwara_oil" title="Phulwara oil">Phulwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilu_oil" title="Pilu oil">Pilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongamia_oil" title="Pongamia oil">Pongamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea_robusta_seed_oil" title="Shorea robusta seed oil">Sal-seed <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Shorea robusta</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalwood_oil" title="Sandalwood oil">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanu_oil" title="Tamanu oil">Tamanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea-seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">Tea-tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_aculeatum" title="Astrocaryum aculeatum">Tucuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucuhuba_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucuhuba seed oil">Ucuuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vateria_indica_oil" title="Vateria indica oil"><i>Vateria indica</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">Resins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoin_(resin)" title="Benzoin (resin)">Benzoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Birch tar">Birch tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creosote#Wood-tar_creosote" title="Creosote">Creosote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauri_gum" title="Kauri gum">Kauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">Lacquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_tar" title="Pine tar">Pine tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(resin)" title="Pitch (resin)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">Rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">Turpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">Varnish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a> / <a href="/wiki/Natural_gum" title="Natural gum">gum</a> / etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birch_syrup" title="Birch syrup">Birch syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicle" title="Chicle">Chicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">chewing gum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">Coconut sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_sugar" title="Date sugar">Date sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_syrup" title="Fruit syrup">Fruit syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_(botany)" title="Kino (botany)">Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">Latex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">Maple sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akpeteshie" title="Akpeteshie">akpeteshie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogogoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogogoro">ogogoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_gum" title="Spruce gum">Spruce gum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadou" title="Amadou">Amadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">Bamboo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">edible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_musical_instruments" title="Bamboo musical instruments">musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textile" title="Bamboo textile">textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_bark" title="Birch bark">Birch bark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_beer" title="Birch beer">Birch beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">Forage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaria" title="Uncaria">Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss#Commercial" title="Moss">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">Natural dyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">Quinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbark" title="Tanbark">Tanbark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diospyros_melanoxylon" title="Diospyros melanoxylon">Tendu leaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_ivory" title="Vegetable ivory">Vegetable ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow#Medicinal" title="Willow">Willow bark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa"><i>Dehesa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Iberian agroforestry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest farming">Forest farming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_hunting" title="Honey hunting">Honey hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_produce_(India)" title="Forest produce (India)">Indian forest produce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Mushroom hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores" title="Naval stores">Naval stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin_extraction" title="Resin extraction">Resin extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_tapping" title="Rubber tapping">Rubber tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcrafting" title="Wildcrafting">Wildcrafting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Category:Non-timber forest products">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Non-timber_forest_products" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Non-timber forest products">Commons</a></b></li></ul> 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