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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Imperial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tang,_Song,_Yuan_dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tang,_Song,_Yuan_dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Tang, Song, Yuan dynasties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tang,_Song,_Yuan_dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ming_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ming_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Ming dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ming_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Qing dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Republic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Japanese invasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>People's Republic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Finance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free-trade_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free-trade_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Free-trade zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free-trade_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Public</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_and_expressways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_expressways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Roads and expressways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_expressways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_and_sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_and_sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Air and sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_and_sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks_and_resorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_resorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Parks and resorts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_resorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Air pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Environmental protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates_and_consulates_general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates_and_consulates_general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Consulates and consulates general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates_and_consulates_general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shanghai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 202 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%BB%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%AD" title="ሻንጋይ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሻንጋይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शंघाई – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शंघाई" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="شانغهاي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شانغهاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xangai" title="Xangai – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Xangai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghay" title="Shanghay – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Shanghay" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="ছাংহাই – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছাংহাই" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शाङ्घाई – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="शाङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%C3%A1i" title="Changái – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Changái" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanxay" title="Şanxay – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şanxay" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانقهای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شانقهای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="সাংহাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাংহাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%8Dng-h%C3%A1i-chh%C4%AB" title="Siōng-hái-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siōng-hái-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྲང་ཧའེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྲང་ཧའེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0angaj" title="Šangaj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Šangaj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Shanghai (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shanghai (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anghaj" title="Šanghaj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šanghaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="شانݣهاي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شانݣهاي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शाङ्घाई – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="शाङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%B7" title="Σαγκάη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαγκάη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangh%C3%A1i" title="Shanghái – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shanghái" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Canhajo" title="Ŝanhajo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝanhajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگهای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شانگهای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang-hai" title="Shang-hai – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Shang-hai" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" title="上海 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="上海" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng-h%C3%B3i" title="Sông-hói – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sông-hói" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="상하이시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상하이시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Շանհայ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շանհայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शंघाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शंघाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0angaj" title="Šangaj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šangaj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjangha%C3%AD" title="Sjanghaí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjanghaí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%97%D7%90%D7%99" title="שאנגחאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאנגחאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C5%8Bgay%C9%A9" title="Caŋgayɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caŋgayɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%98%E0%B3%88" title="ಶಾಂಘೈ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಾಂಘೈ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="შანხაი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შანხაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шаңхай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шаңхай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_(kizunga)" title="Shanghai (kizunga) – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Shanghai (kizunga)" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanghay" title="Şanghay – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şanghay" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciamhaevum" title="Sciamhaevum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sciamhaevum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anhaja" title="Šanhaja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šanhaja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anchajus" title="Šanchajus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šanchajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjanghai" title="Sjanghai – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjanghai" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/canxais." title="canxais. – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="canxais." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghaj" title="Sanghaj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sanghaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शाङ्घाई – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शाङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Шангај – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шангај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷാങ്ഹായ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷാങ്ഹായ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="शांघाय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शांघाय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="შანხაი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შანხაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%89" title="شانجهاى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شانجهاى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگهای – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شانگهای" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B4ng-h%C4%81i" title="Siông-hāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siông-hāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xangai" title="Xangai – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Xangai" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ရှန်ဟိုင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှန်ဟိုင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagahai" title="Sagahai – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sagahai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjanghai" title="Sjanghai – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sjanghai" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="साङ्घाई – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87" title="शाङ्हाइ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शाङ्हाइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaangaayi" title="Shaangaayi – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Shaangaayi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxay" title="Shanxay – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shanxay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="شنگہائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شنگہائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگهای – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شانگهای" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%83" title="ស៊ាងហៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ាងហៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sianghai" title="Sianghai – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sianghai" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szanghaj" title="Szanghaj – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szanghaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xangai" title="Xangai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xangai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxay" title="Shanxay – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Shanxay" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ea%C3%B1hay" title="Şañhay – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şañhay" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schanghai" title="Schanghai – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Schanghai" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанґгай – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Шанґгай" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangai" title="Shangai – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shangai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92" title="ෂැංහයි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෂැංහයි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="شنگهائي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شنگهائي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anghaj" title="Šanghaj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šanghaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anghaj" title="Šanghaj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šanghaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szanghaj" title="Szanghaj – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Szanghaj" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگھای – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شانگھای" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Шангај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шангај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0angaj" title="Šangaj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šangaj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="சாங்காய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாங்காய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%C9%A3hay" title="Canɣhay – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Canɣhay" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanxay" title="Şanxay – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Şanxay" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88" title="షాంగ్హై – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షాంగ్హై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%89" title="เซี่ยงไฮ้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซี่ยงไฮ้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шангҳай – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шангҳай" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanghay" title="Şanghay – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şanghay" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanha%C3%BD" title="Şanhaý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şanhaý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangai" title="Shangai – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Shangai" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="شنگھائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شنگھائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%AD%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%8A_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="شاڭخەي شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شاڭخەي شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghaij" title="Sanghaij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sanghaij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siangai" title="Siangai – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siangai" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anhai" title="Šanhai – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šanhai" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_H%E1%BA%A3i" title="Thượng Hải – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thượng Hải" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_(Tsyin%C3%A4n)" title="Shanghai (Tsyinän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Shanghai (Tsyinän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%99" title="שאנכיי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שאנכיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" title="上海 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="上海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eengay" title="Şengay – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şengay" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anchajos" title="Šanchajos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šanchajos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anxaj" title="Šanxaj – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Šanxaj" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8686#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shanghai</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh">上海市</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Shanghai Municipality</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huangpu_Park_20124-Shanghai_(32208802494).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Huangpu_Park_20124-Shanghai_%2832208802494%29.jpg/330px-Huangpu_Park_20124-Shanghai_%2832208802494%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Huangpu_Park_20124-Shanghai_%2832208802494%29.jpg/500px-Huangpu_Park_20124-Shanghai_%2832208802494%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Huangpu_Park_20124-Shanghai_%2832208802494%29.jpg/960px-Huangpu_Park_20124-Shanghai_%2832208802494%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2003" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lujiazui" title="Lujiazui">Lujiazui</a> from Zhapulu Bridge with the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Pearl_Tower" title="Oriental Pearl Tower">Oriental Pearl Tower</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Tower" title="Shanghai Tower">Shanghai Tower</a> (right)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2024-Apr_Shanghai_Yu_Yuan_Garden_%E8%B1%AB%E5%9B%AD_-_img_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2024-Apr_Shanghai_Yu_Yuan_Garden_%E8%B1%AB%E5%9B%AD_-_img_20.jpg/250px-2024-Apr_Shanghai_Yu_Yuan_Garden_%E8%B1%AB%E5%9B%AD_-_img_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2024-Apr_Shanghai_Yu_Yuan_Garden_%E8%B1%AB%E5%9B%AD_-_img_20.jpg/330px-2024-Apr_Shanghai_Yu_Yuan_Garden_%E8%B1%AB%E5%9B%AD_-_img_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3949" data-file-height="2962" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Old_City_of_Shanghai%2C_China_%28December_2015%29_-_13.JPG/206px-Old_City_of_Shanghai%2C_China_%28December_2015%29_-_13.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Old_City_of_Shanghai%2C_China_%28December_2015%29_-_13.JPG/274px-Old_City_of_Shanghai%2C_China_%28December_2015%29_-_13.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City of Shanghai">Old City of Shanghai</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg/148px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg/222px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg/296px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5132" data-file-height="3277" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Building,_the_Bund" title="HSBC Building, the Bund">HSBC Building</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Bund" title="The Bund">The Bund</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2024-Apr_Jing-an_Temple_%E9%9D%99%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%BA_Shanghai_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2024-Apr_Jing-an_Temple_%E9%9D%99%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%BA_Shanghai_22.jpg/250px-2024-Apr_Jing-an_Temple_%E9%9D%99%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%BA_Shanghai_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2024-Apr_Jing-an_Temple_%E9%9D%99%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%BA_Shanghai_22.jpg/330px-2024-Apr_Jing-an_Temple_%E9%9D%99%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%BA_Shanghai_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3901" data-file-height="2925" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_Temple" title="Jing'an Temple">Jing'an Temple</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">上海浦</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shànghǎi pǔ</i></span>) <span class="nowrap">The original name of the <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_River" title="Huangpu River">Huangpu River</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-lat="31.22" data-lon="122.1" data-overlays="["_32a600d5524a3c707239761dbb36fdbb9d0494e9"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/31.22/122.1/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,31.22,122.1,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shanghai&groups=_32a600d5524a3c707239761dbb36fdbb9d0494e9" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,31.22,122.1,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shanghai&groups=_32a600d5524a3c707239761dbb36fdbb9d0494e9 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Shanghai Municipality in China"><img alt="Location of Shanghai Municipality in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/250px-Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/375px-Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/500px-Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Shanghai Municipality in China</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Square" title="People's Square">People's Square</a>): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shanghai&params=31_13_43_N_121_28_29_E_type:adm1st_region:CN-31"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°13′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°28′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.22861°N 121.47472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.22861; 121.47472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of China">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment of<br /> - Qinglong Town</th><td class="infobox-data"><br />746<sup id="cite_ref-kaogu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaogu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - <a href="/wiki/Huating_County_(Tang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huating County (Tang)">Huating County</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%AD%E5%8E%BF_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" class="extiw" title="zh:华亭县 (唐朝)">zh</a>]</span></th><td class="infobox-data">751<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_County" title="Shanghai County">Shanghai County</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1292<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data">7 July 1927</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions<br /> - <a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level</a><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township-<br />level</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shanghai" title="List of administrative divisions of Shanghai">16 districts</a></li><li>210 towns and subdistricts</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Congress">Shanghai Municipal People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Party_Secretary_of_Shanghai" title="Party Secretary of Shanghai">Party Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Jining" title="Chen Jining">Chen Jining</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Congress">Congress</a> Chairwoman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Lixin" title="Huang Lixin">Huang Lixin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Shanghai">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gong_Zheng" title="Gong Zheng">Gong Zheng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Municipal CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hu_Wenrong" title="Hu Wenrong">Hu Wenrong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">57 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mofcom_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mofcom-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-landarea_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landarea-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,341 km<sup>2</sup> (2,448 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">653 km<sup>2</sup> (252 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,922.7 km<sup>2</sup> (5,761.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-topo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 m (13 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Sheshan_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheshan Hill">Sheshan Hill</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">118 m (387 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">24,874,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_urban_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by urban population">1st in China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,900/km<sup>2</sup> (10,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese_people" title="Shanghainese people">Shanghainese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (nominal) <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2024)</span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CN%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 5,393 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP">9th</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 757 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 216,791 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita">2nd</a>) <br /> US$ 30,448</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B09:00" title="UTC+09:00">UTC+09:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><b>2000</b>00–<b>2021</b>00</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_China" title="Telephone numbers in China">21</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-SH</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> GDP Growth</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.895<sup id="cite_ref-SHDI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHDI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">2nd</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Licence_plates_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence plates of the People's Republic of China">License plate</a> prefixes</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">沪A, B, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N</span></span></li><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">沪C</span></span> (outer suburbs only)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">SH / <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B2%AA#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:沪">沪</a></span> (<i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hù</span></i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yulan_magnolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yulan magnolia">Yulan magnolia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Standard Mandarin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shanghai.gov.cn">shanghai.gov.cn</a></span></li><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.shanghai.gov.cn">en.shanghai.gov.cn</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shanghai</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">direct-administered municipality</a> and the most populous urban area in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_River" title="Huangpu River">Huangpu River</a> flowing through it. The population of the city proper is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">second largest in the world</a> after <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, with around 24.87 million inhabitants in 2023, while the urban area is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">most populous in China</a>, with 29.87 million residents. As of 2022, the Greater Shanghai metropolitan area was estimated to produce a <a href="/wiki/Gross_metropolitan_product" title="Gross metropolitan product">gross metropolitan product</a> (<a href="/wiki/GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP (nominal)">nominal</a>) of nearly 13 trillion <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> ($1.9 trillion).<sup id="cite_ref-GDP2022_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP2022-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai is one of the world's major centers for finance, <a href="#Economy">business and economics</a>, research, science and technology, manufacturing, transportation, <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Shanghai" title="List of tourist attractions in Shanghai">tourism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Shanghai" title="Culture of Shanghai">culture</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">Port of Shanghai</a> is the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_container_port" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest container port">world's busiest container port</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally a fishing village and market town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to both domestic and foreign trade and its favorable port location. The city was one of five <a href="/wiki/Treaty_ports" title="Treaty ports">treaty ports</a> forced to open to European trade after the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">Shanghai International Settlement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">French Concession</a> were subsequently established. The city then flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> in the 1930s. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, the city was the site of the major <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">Battle of Shanghai</a>. After the war, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> soon resumed between the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT) and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), with the latter eventually <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Campaign" title="Shanghai Campaign">taking over the city</a> and most of the mainland. From the 1950s to the 1970s, trade was mostly limited to other socialist countries in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, causing the city's global influence to decline during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. </p><p>Major changes of fortune for the city would occur when <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economic reform">economic reforms</a> initiated by paramount leader <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> during the 1980s resulted in an intense redevelopment and revitalization of the city by the 1990s, especially the <a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a> New Area, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment. The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance. It is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_major_stock_exchanges" title="List of major stock exchanges">the largest stock exchange in the Asia-Pacific</a> by market capitalization and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Shanghai Free-Trade Zone">Shanghai Free-Trade Zone</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">free-trade zone</a> in mainland China. It is ranked 4th on the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>. Shanghai has been classified as an Alpha+ (<a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global first-tier</a>) city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>. As of 2024, it is home to 13 companies of the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500#Fortune_Global_500_of_2021" title="Fortune Global 500"><i>Fortune</i> Global 500</a>—the fourth-highest number of any city.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also a major global center for <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">research and development</a> and home to numerous <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Universities</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiaotong University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metro" title="Shanghai Metro">Shanghai Metro</a>, first opened in 1993, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems" title="List of metro systems">largest metro network</a> in the world by route length. </p><p>Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">economy of China</a> and it is one of the ten biggest economic hubs in the world. Featuring several architectural styles such as <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shikumen" title="Shikumen">shikumen</a>, the city is renowned for its <a href="/wiki/Lujiazui" title="Lujiazui">Lujiazui</a> skyline, museums and historic buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/City_God_Temple_of_Shanghai" title="City God Temple of Shanghai">City God Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yu_Garden" title="Yu Garden">Yu Garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/China_Pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="China Pavilion">China Pavilion</a> and buildings along <a href="/wiki/The_Bund" title="The Bund">the Bund</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Pearl_Tower" title="Oriental Pearl Tower">Oriental Pearl Tower</a> can be seen from the Bund. Shanghai is known for its <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">local language</a>, and cosmopolitan culture. It ranks sixth in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_the_most_skyscrapers" title="List of cities with the most skyscrapers">list of cities with the most skyscrapers</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shanghai</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shanghai_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/110px-Shanghai_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shanghai_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/165px-Shanghai_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shanghai_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/220px-Shanghai_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="135" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Shanghai" in <a href="/wiki/Kaishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaishu">regular</a> Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:上海">上海</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shànghǎi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/89\/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus\/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Zaon<sup>22<\/sup> he<sup>44<\/sup>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-wuu-2-\u4e0a\u6d77.opus"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Zaon<sup>22</sup> he<sup>44</sup></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus" title="File:Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus">ⓘ</a></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shanghai</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Upon the Sea"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shànghǎi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄕㄤˋ   ㄏㄞˇ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shanqhae</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shang<sup>4</sup>-hai<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shànghǎi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂâŋ.xàɪ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/db\/Shanghai_pron.ogg\/Shanghai_pron.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Shanghai pron.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Shanghai_pron.ogg/Shanghai_pron.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_pron.ogg" title="File:Shanghai pron.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/89\/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus\/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Zaon<sup>22<\/sup> he<sup>44<\/sup>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-wuu-2-\u4e0a\u6d77.opus"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Zaon<sup>22</sup> he<sup>44</sup></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus" title="File:Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Sông-hói</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Seuhnghói</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">soeng6 hoi2</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sœŋ˨ hɔj˧˥]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Siōng-hái</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Siông-hāi</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> The two <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese characters</a> in the city's name are <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:上">上</a></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">shàng</i></span>/<i>zaon</i>, "upon") and <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:海">海</a></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">hǎi</i></span>/<i>hé</i>, "sea"), together meaning "On the Sea." The earliest occurrence of this name dates from the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, when there was already a river confluence and a town with this name in the area. Others contend that the city is referenced in historical records dating back 2150 years, and that its ancient name, "Hu", suggests it was previously a fishing village. In 1280 it was renamed "Shanghai", which translates to "Above the Sea".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How the name should be understood has been disputed, but Chinese historians have concluded that during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, the area of modern-day Shanghai was under sea level, so the land appeared to be literally "on the sea."<sup id="cite_ref-Danielson,_Eric_N._2004,_pp.8-9_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danielson,_Eric_N._2004,_pp.8-9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai is officially abbreviated <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B2%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:沪">沪</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hù</i></span>/<i>wu</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, a contraction of <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B2%AA%E6%B8%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:沪渎">沪渎</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hù Dú</i></span>/<i>wu-doq</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">Harpoon</a> Ditch"), a 4th- or <span class="nowrap">5th-century</span> <a href="/wiki/Jin_Dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Dynasty (265–420)">Jin</a> name for the mouth of <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Creek" title="Suzhou Creek">Suzhou Creek</a> when it was the main conduit into the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-Shenhu_Origin_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenhu_Origin-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This character appears on all motor vehicle license plates issued in the municipality today.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_names">Alternative names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alternative names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%94%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:申">申</a></span> (<i>Shēn</i>/<i>sén</i>) or <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%94%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:申">申</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:城">城</a></span> (<i>Shēnchéng</i>/<i>sén-zen</i>, "Shen City") was an early name originating from <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chunshen" title="Lord Chunshen">Lord Chunshen</a>, a 3rd-century BC nobleman and prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">state of Chu</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> included modern Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-Shenhu_Origin_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenhu_Origin-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai-based sports teams and newspapers often use Shen in their names, such as <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Shenhua_F.C." title="Shanghai Shenhua F.C.">Shanghai Shenhua</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Shen_Bao" title="Shen Bao">Shen Bao</a></i>. </p><p><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:华">华</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:亭">亭</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Huátíng</i>/<i>gho-din</i>) was another early name for Shanghai. In AD 751 during the mid-Tang dynasty, Huating County was established by <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Juzhen" title="Zhao Juzhen">Zhao Juzhen</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Wu_Commandery" title="Wu Commandery">Wu Commandery</a>, at modern-day Songjiang, the first <a href="/wiki/County_(China)" title="County (China)">county-level administration</a> within modern-day Shanghai. The first five-star hotel in the city was named after Huating.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AD%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:魔">魔</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:都">都</a></span> (<i>Módū</i>/<i>mó-tu</i>, "monster/fiend/magical city"),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a contemporary nickname for Shanghai, is widely known among the youth.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was first mentioned in Japanese novelist <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dfu_Muramatsu" title="Shōfu Muramatsu">Shōfu Muramatsu</a>'s 1924 novel <i>Mato</i>, which portrayed Shanghai as a dichotomous city where both light and darkness existed.<sup id="cite_ref-Lippet_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lippet-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has various nicknames in English, including the "<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> of China", in reference to its status as a cosmopolitan <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">megalopolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial hub">financial hub</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ShanghaiNewYorkOfChina1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShanghaiNewYorkOfChina1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "Pearl of the Orient", and the "Paris of the East."<sup id="cite_ref-paris_of_the_east_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paris_of_the_east-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is similar to <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> (also known as Saigon), in Vietnam, which has also been nicknamed as "Paris of the Orient," due to Vietnam's historical French status.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Shanghai" title="History of Shanghai">History of Shanghai</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Shanghai" title="Timeline of Shanghai">Timeline of Shanghai</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The western part of modern-day Shanghai was inhabited 6,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a> (approximately 771 to 476 BC), it belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Wu_(state)" title="Wu (state)">Kingdom of Wu</a>, which was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Kingdom of Yue</a>, which in turn was conquered by the Kingdom of Chu.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> (475 BC), Shanghai was part of the fief of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chunshen" title="Lord Chunshen">Lord Chunshen</a> of Chu, one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Lords_of_the_Warring_States" title="Four Lords of the Warring States">Four Lords of the Warring States</a>. He ordered the excavation of the <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_River" title="Huangpu River">Huangpu River</a>. Its former or poetic name, the Chunshen River, gave Shanghai its nickname of "Shēn."<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fishermen living in the Shanghai area then created a fish tool called the <i>hù</i>, which lent its name to the outlet of Suzhou Creek north of the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City of Shanghai">Old City</a> and became a common nickname and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese abbreviations">abbreviation</a> for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_era">Imperial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Imperial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tang,_Song,_Yuan_dynasties"><span id="Tang.2C_Song.2C_Yuan_dynasties"></span>Tang, Song, Yuan dynasties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tang, Song, Yuan dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Tang and Song dynasties, Qinglong Town (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">青龙镇</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in modern <a href="/wiki/Qingpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingpu District">Qingpu District</a> was a major trading port. Established in 746 (the fifth year of the Tang <a href="/wiki/Tianbao_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianbao era">Tianbao era</a>), it developed into what was historically called a "giant town of the Southeast," with thirteen temples and seven pagodas. <a href="/wiki/Mi_Fu" title="Mi Fu">Mi Fu</a>, a scholar and artist of the Song dynasty, served as its mayor. The port experienced thriving trade with provinces along the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> and the Chinese coast, as well as with foreign countries such as Japan and <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kaogu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaogu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, the center of trading had moved downstream of the <a href="/wiki/Wusong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Wusong River">Wusong River</a> to Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was upgraded in status from a village to a market town in 1074, and in 1172, a second sea wall was built to stabilize the ocean coastline, supplementing an earlier dike.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> in 1292 until Shanghai officially became a <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> in 1927, central Shanghai was administered as a county under Songjiang Prefecture, which had its seat in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Songjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Songjiang District">Songjiang District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ming_dynasty">Ming dynasty</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ming dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Old_City_of_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Map_of_the_Old_City_of_Shanghai.jpg/250px-Map_of_the_Old_City_of_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Map_of_the_Old_City_of_Shanghai.jpg/330px-Map_of_the_Old_City_of_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Map_of_the_Old_City_of_Shanghai.jpg/500px-Map_of_the_Old_City_of_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="2044" /></a><figcaption>Seventeenth century map of the Old City of Shanghai</figcaption></figure> <p>Two important events helped promote Shanghai's developments in the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. A <a href="/wiki/City_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="City wall">city wall</a> was built for the first time in 1554 to protect the town from raids by <a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">Japanese pirates</a>. It measured 10 m (33 ft) high and 5 km (3 mi) in circumference.<sup id="cite_ref-Danielson,_Eric_N._2004,_p.10_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danielson,_Eric_N._2004,_p.10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/City_God_Temple_of_Shanghai" title="City God Temple of Shanghai">City God Temple</a> was built in 1602 during the <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli</a> reign. This honor was usually reserved for prefectural capitals and not normally given to a mere county seat such as Shanghai. Scholars have theorized that this likely reflected the town's economic importance, as opposed to its low political status.<sup id="cite_ref-Danielson,_Eric_N._2004,_p.10_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danielson,_Eric_N._2004,_p.10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Qing_dynasty">Qing dynasty</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Qing dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, Shanghai became one of the most important seaports in the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a> region as a result of two important central government policy changes: in 1684, the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> reversed the Ming dynasty prohibition on oceangoing vessels—a ban that had been in force since 1525; and in 1732, the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a> moved the customs office for <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> province (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:江">江</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:海">海</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:关">关</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> see <a href="/wiki/Customs_House,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs House, Shanghai">Customs House, Shanghai</a>) from the prefectural capital of <a href="/wiki/Songjiang,_Shanghai" title="Songjiang, Shanghai">Songjiang</a> to Shanghai, and gave Shanghai exclusive control over customs collections for Jiangsu's foreign trade. As a result of these two critical decisions, Shanghai became the major trade port for all of the lower Yangtze region by 1735, despite still being at the lowest administrative level in the political hierarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%942.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Songjiang Square Pagoda, built in the 11th century"><img alt="Songjiang Square Pagoda, built in the 11th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%942.JPG/155px-%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%942.JPG" decoding="async" width="155" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%942.JPG/233px-%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%942.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%942.JPG/310px-%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%942.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="2760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_Square_Pagoda" title="Songjiang Square Pagoda">Songjiang Square Pagoda</a>, built in the 11th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhenrusi_Dadian.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mahavira Hall at Zhenru Temple, built in 1320"><img alt="The Mahavira Hall at Zhenru Temple, built in 1320" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zhenrusi_Dadian.JPG/250px-Zhenrusi_Dadian.JPG" decoding="async" width="155" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zhenrusi_Dadian.JPG/330px-Zhenrusi_Dadian.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Mahavira_Hall" title="Mahavira Hall">Mahavira Hall</a> at <a href="/wiki/Zhenru_Temple_(Shanghai)" title="Zhenru Temple (Shanghai)">Zhenru Temple</a>, built in 1320</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_City_of_Shanghai_will_walls_and_seafront.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The walled Old City of Shanghai in the 17th century"><img alt="The walled Old City of Shanghai in the 17th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Old_City_of_Shanghai_will_walls_and_seafront.jpg/155px-Old_City_of_Shanghai_will_walls_and_seafront.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Old_City_of_Shanghai_will_walls_and_seafront.jpg/233px-Old_City_of_Shanghai_will_walls_and_seafront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Old_City_of_Shanghai_will_walls_and_seafront.jpg/310px-Old_City_of_Shanghai_will_walls_and_seafront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2164" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The walled <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City of Shanghai">Old City of Shanghai</a> in the 17th century</div> </li> </ul><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Shanghai_1884.jpg/220px-Shanghai_1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Shanghai_1884.jpg/330px-Shanghai_1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Shanghai_1884.jpg/440px-Shanghai_1884.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7836" data-file-height="13032" /></a><figcaption>A map of Shanghai in 1884; Chinese area are in yellow, French in red, British in blue, American in orange.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th century, international attention to Shanghai grew due to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and recognition of its economic and trade potential at the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> (1839–1842), British forces occupied the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref-1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref-1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war ended in 1842 with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">Treaty of Nanking</a>, which opened Shanghai as one of the five <a href="/wiki/Treaty_ports" title="Treaty ports">treaty ports</a> for international trade.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Bogue" title="Treaty of the Bogue">Treaty of the Bogue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Wanghia" title="Treaty of Wanghia">Treaty of Wanghia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Whampoa" title="Treaty of Whampoa">Treaty of Whampoa</a> (signed in 1843, 1844, and 1844, respectively) forced Chinese concession to European and American desires for visitation and trade on Chinese soil. Britain, France, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> all established a presence outside the walled city of Shanghai, which remained under the direct administration of the Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChronicles_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChronicles-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chinese-held Old City of Shanghai fell to rebels from the <a href="/wiki/Small_Swords_Society" title="Small Swords Society">Small Swords Society</a> in 1853, but control of the city was regained by the Qing government in February 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1854, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Municipal Council">Shanghai Municipal Council</a> was created to manage the foreign settlements. Between 1860 and 1862, the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping rebels</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai_(1861)" title="Battle of Shanghai (1861)">twice attacked</a> Shanghai and destroyed the city's eastern and southern suburbs, but failed to take the city.<sup id="cite_ref-WellWilli_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WellWilli-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1863, the British settlement to the south of <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Creek" title="Suzhou Creek">Suzhou Creek</a> (northern <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu District</a>) and the American settlement to the north (southern <a href="/wiki/Hongkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongkou District">Hongkou District</a>) joined in order to form the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">Shanghai International Settlement</a>. The French opted out of the Shanghai Municipal Council and maintained <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">its own concession</a> at the city's south and southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dismantlement_of_Old_City_walls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dismantlement_of_Old_City_walls.jpg/220px-Dismantlement_of_Old_City_walls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dismantlement_of_Old_City_walls.jpg/330px-Dismantlement_of_Old_City_walls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dismantlement_of_Old_City_walls.jpg/440px-Dismantlement_of_Old_City_walls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The dismantlement of Old City walls, 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a> concluded with the 1895 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a>, which elevated Japan to become another foreign power in Shanghai. Japan built the first factories in Shanghai, which was soon copied by other foreign powers. All this international activity gave Shanghai the nickname "the Great <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> of China."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_era">Republic era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Republic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> was established in 1912. The same year, the Old City walls were dismantled as they blocked the city's expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1921, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> was founded in the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">Shanghai French Concession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChronicles_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChronicles-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 May 1925, the <a href="/wiki/May_Thirtieth_Movement" title="May Thirtieth Movement">May Thirtieth Movement</a> broke out when a worker in a Japanese-owned <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton mill</a> was shot and killed by a Japanese foreman.<sup id="cite_ref-Ku_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ku-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers in the city then launched <a href="/wiki/General_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="General strikes">general strikes</a> against <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>, which became nationwide protests that gave rise to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The golden age of Shanghai began with its elevation to municipality after it was separated from <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> on 7 July 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChronicles_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChronicles-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GovHistory_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovHistory-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new Chinese municipality covered an area of 494.69 km<sup>2</sup> (191.0 sq mi), including the modern-day districts of <a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangpu District">Yangpu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhabei" title="Zhabei">Zhabei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanshi_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanshi District, Shanghai">Nanshi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a>, but excluded the foreign concessions territories.<sup id="cite_ref-GovHistory_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovHistory-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Headed by a Chinese mayor and municipal council, the new city government's first task—the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Shanghai_Plan" title="Greater Shanghai Plan">Greater Shanghai Plan</a>—was to create a new city center in Jiangwan town of Yangpu district, outside the boundaries of the foreign concessions. The plan included a public museum, library, sports stadium, and city hall, which were partially constructed before being interrupted by the Japanese invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, <i><a href="/wiki/Shidaiqu" title="Shidaiqu">shidaiqu</a></i> became a new form of entertainment and was popularised in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-1930hub_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1930hub-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the ensuing decades, citizens of many countries and all continents came to Shanghai to live and work; those who stayed for long periods⁠⁠—some for generations⁠—called themselves "<a href="/wiki/Shanghailander" title="Shanghailander">Shanghailanders</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s and 1930s, almost 20,000 <a href="/wiki/White_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="White Movement">White Russians</a> fled the newly established <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> to reside in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Russians" title="Shanghai Russians">Shanghai Russians</a> constituted the second-largest foreign community. By 1932, Shanghai had become the world's fifth-largest city and home to 70,000 foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1930s, some 30,000 Jewish refugees from Europe arrived in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm/155px--1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="155" height="105" data-durationhint="136" data-mwtitle="1937_Shanghai,_China_VP8.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="712" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="720" data-height="486" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="214" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="356" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="534" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Shanghai%2C_China_VP8.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="534" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shanghai, filmed in 1937</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Bund_seen_from_the_French_Concession.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bund in the late 1920s seen from the French Concession"><img alt="The Bund in the late 1920s seen from the French Concession" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shanghai_Bund_seen_from_the_French_Concession.jpg/250px-Shanghai_Bund_seen_from_the_French_Concession.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shanghai_Bund_seen_from_the_French_Concession.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Bund_seen_from_the_French_Concession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Bund" title="The Bund">The Bund</a> in the late 1920s seen from the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">French Concession</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_tram,_British_section,_1920s,_John_Rossman%27s_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanking Road (modern-day East Nanjing Road) in the 1930s"><img alt="Nanking Road (modern-day East Nanjing Road) in the 1930s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shanghai_tram%2C_British_section%2C_1920s%2C_John_Rossman%27s_collection.jpg/155px-Shanghai_tram%2C_British_section%2C_1920s%2C_John_Rossman%27s_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shanghai_tram%2C_British_section%2C_1920s%2C_John_Rossman%27s_collection.jpg/233px-Shanghai_tram%2C_British_section%2C_1920s%2C_John_Rossman%27s_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shanghai_tram%2C_British_section%2C_1920s%2C_John_Rossman%27s_collection.jpg/310px-Shanghai_tram%2C_British_section%2C_1920s%2C_John_Rossman%27s_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road" title="Nanjing Road">Nanking Road</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/East_Nanjing_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="East Nanjing Road">East Nanjing Road</a>) in the 1930s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Park_Hotel_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shanghai Park Hotel was the tallest building in Asia for decades."><img alt="Shanghai Park Hotel was the tallest building in Asia for decades" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shanghai_Park_Hotel_2007.jpg/90px-Shanghai_Park_Hotel_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shanghai_Park_Hotel_2007.jpg/135px-Shanghai_Park_Hotel_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shanghai_Park_Hotel_2007.jpg/180px-Shanghai_Park_Hotel_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Park_Hotel_Shanghai" title="Park Hotel Shanghai">Shanghai Park Hotel</a> was the tallest building in Asia for decades.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Shanghai_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Shanghai Library"><img alt="Former Shanghai Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Former_Shanghai_Library.jpg/155px-Former_Shanghai_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Former_Shanghai_Library.jpg/233px-Former_Shanghai_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Former_Shanghai_Library.jpg/310px-Former_Shanghai_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Library" title="Shanghai Library">Shanghai Library</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hong_Kong_and_Shanghai_Bank,_built_in_1923_and_The_Customs_House_built_in_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The HSBC Building, built in 1923, and the Customs House, built-in 1927"><img alt="The HSBC Building, built in 1923, and the Customs House, built-in 1927" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Hong_Kong_and_Shanghai_Bank%2C_built_in_1923_and_The_Customs_House_built_in_1927.jpg/250px-The_Hong_Kong_and_Shanghai_Bank%2C_built_in_1923_and_The_Customs_House_built_in_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Hong_Kong_and_Shanghai_Bank%2C_built_in_1923_and_The_Customs_House_built_in_1927.jpg/330px-The_Hong_Kong_and_Shanghai_Bank%2C_built_in_1923_and_The_Customs_House_built_in_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3050" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Building,_the_Bund" title="HSBC Building, the Bund">HSBC Building</a>, built in 1923, and the <a href="/wiki/Custom_House,_Shanghai" title="Custom House, Shanghai">Customs House</a>, built-in 1927</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_invasion">Japanese invasion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Japanese invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">Battle of Shanghai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai1937city_zhabei_fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Shanghai1937city_zhabei_fire.jpg/220px-Shanghai1937city_zhabei_fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Shanghai1937city_zhabei_fire.jpg/330px-Shanghai1937city_zhabei_fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Shanghai1937city_zhabei_fire.jpg/440px-Shanghai1937city_zhabei_fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zhabei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhabei District">Zhabei District</a> on fire, 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>On <a href="/wiki/January_28_incident" title="January 28 incident">28 January 1932</a>, Japanese military forces invaded Shanghai while the Chinese resisted. More than 10,000 shops and hundreds of factories and public buildings<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were destroyed, leaving Zhabei district ruined. About 18,000 civilians were either killed, injured, or declared missing.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChronicles_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChronicles-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ceasefire was brokered on 5 May.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">Battle of Shanghai</a> resulted in the occupation of the Chinese-administered parts of Shanghai outside of the International Settlement and the French Concession. People who stayed in the occupied city suffered on a daily basis, experiencing hunger, oppression, or death.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foreign concessions were ultimately occupied by the Japanese on 8 December 1941 and remained occupied until Japan's surrender in 1945; multiple <a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">war crimes</a> were committed during that time.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A side-effect of the Japanese invasion of Shanghai was the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Ghetto" title="Shanghai Ghetto">Shanghai Ghetto</a>. Japanese consul to <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiune_Sugihara" title="Chiune Sugihara">Chiune Sugihara</a> issued thousands of visas to Jewish refugees who were escaping the Nazi's <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution_to_the_Jewish_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Solution to the Jewish Question">Final Solution to the Jewish Question</a>. They traveled from <a href="/wiki/Keidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Keidan">Keidan</a>, Lithuania across Russia by railroad to <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> from where they traveled by ship to <a href="/wiki/Kobe,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobe, Japan">Kobe, Japan</a>. Their stay in Kobe was short as the Japanese government transferred them to Shanghai by November 1941. Other Jewish refugees found haven in Shanghai, not through Sugihara, but came on ships from Italy. The refugees from Europe were interned into a cramped ghetto in the Hongkou District and after the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, even the Iraqi Jews who had been living in Shanghai from before the outbreak of WWII were interned. Among the refugees in the Shanghai Ghetto was the <a href="/wiki/Mir_yeshiva_(Belarus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir yeshiva (Belarus)">Mirrer Yeshiva</a>, including its students and faculty. On 3 September 1945, the Chinese Army liberated the Ghetto and most of the Jews left over the next few years.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_era"><span id="People.27s_Republic_era"></span>People's Republic era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: People's Republic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> On 27 May 1949, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> took control of Shanghai through the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Campaign" title="Shanghai Campaign">Shanghai Campaign</a>. Under the new People's Republic of China (PRC), Shanghai was one of only three municipalities not merged into neighboring provinces (the others being <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most foreign firms moved their offices from Shanghai to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, as part of a foreign <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divestment</a> due to the PRC's victory.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1967-12_1967%E5%B9%B4_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1967-12_1967%E5%B9%B4_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/170px-1967-12_1967%E5%B9%B4_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1967-12_1967%E5%B9%B4_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/255px-1967-12_1967%E5%B9%B4_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1967-12_1967%E5%B9%B4_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/340px-1967-12_1967%E5%B9%B4_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="2054" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road" title="Nanjing Road">Nanjing Road</a>, 1967, during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, Shanghai's economy was restored—from 1949 to 1952, the city's agricultural and industrial output increased by 51.5% and 94.2%, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChronicles_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChronicles-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 20 urban districts and 10 suburbs at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-toponymy_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymy-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 January 1958, <a href="/wiki/Jiading_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Jiading</a>, Baoshan, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_County" title="Shanghai County">Shanghai County</a> in Jiangsu became part of Shanghai Municipality, which expanded to 863 km<sup>2</sup> (333.2 sq mi). The following December, the land area of Shanghai was further expanded to 5,910 km<sup>2</sup> (2,281.9 sq mi) after more surrounding suburban areas in Jiangsu were added: <a href="/wiki/Chongming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongming District">Chongming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan District">Jinshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qingpu,_Shanghai" title="Qingpu, Shanghai">Qingpu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fengxian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengxian District">Fengxian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuansha_County" title="Chuansha County">Chuansha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nanhui_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhui County">Nanhui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, the city's administrative divisions were rearranged to 10 urban districts and 10 counties.<sup id="cite_ref-toponymy_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymy-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the industrial center of China with the most skilled industrial workers, Shanghai became a center for radical <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftism</a> during the 1950s and 1960s. The radical leftist <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a> and her three allies, together the <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a>, were based in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> (1966–1976), Shanghai's society was severely damaged. The majority of the workers in the Shanghai branch of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">People's Bank of China</a> were <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a> and they formed a group called the Anti-Economy Liaison Headquarters within the branch.<sup id="cite_ref-Liu-2023_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu-2023-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 38">: 38 </span></sup> The Anti-Economy Liaison Headquarters dismantled economic organizations in Shanghai, investigated bank withdrawals, and disrupted regular bank service in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Liu-2023_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu-2023-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 38">: 38 </span></sup>The Shanghai People's Commune was established in the city during the <a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a> of 1967. Despite the disruptions of the Cultural Revolution, Shanghai maintained economic production with a positive annual growth rate.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChronicles_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChronicles-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Third_Front_(China)" title="Third Front (China)">Third Front</a> campaign to develop basic industry and heavy industry in China's hinterlands in case of invasion by the Soviet Union or the United States, 354,900 Shanghainese were sent to work on Third Front projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Xu-2022_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xu-2022-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: xvi">: xvi </span></sup> The centrepiece of Shanghai's Small Third Front project was the "rear base" in Anhui rear base which served as "a multi-function manufacturing base for anti-aircraft and anti-tank weaponry.<sup id="cite_ref-Xu-2022_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xu-2022-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: xvi">: xvi </span></sup> </p><p>Since 1949, Shanghai has been a comparatively heavy contributor of tax revenue to the central government; in 1983, the city's contribution in tax revenue was greater than the investment received in the past 33 years combined.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its importance to the fiscal well-being of the central government also denied it from <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economic reform">economic liberalizations</a> begun in 1978. </p><p>In 1990, <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> permitted Shanghai to initiate economic reforms, which reintroduced foreign capital to the city and developed the Pudong district, resulting in the birth of <a href="/wiki/Lujiazui" title="Lujiazui">Lujiazui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, the China's central government designated Shanghai as the "Dragon Head" of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economic reform">economic reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, Shanghai is classified as an Alpha+ city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>, making it one of the world's Top 10 major cities.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2022, Shanghai experienced a large outbreak of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases. After localized lockdowns failed to stem the rise in cases, the <a href="/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak" title="2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak">Chinese government locked down</a> the entire city on 5 April. This resulted in widespread food shortages across the city emerged as food-supply chains were severely disrupted by the government's lockdown measures, which were not lifted until 1 June.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Shanghai" title="Geography of Shanghai">Geography of Shanghai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg/220px-Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg/330px-Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg/440px-Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>The urban area of Shanghai in 2016, along with <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Shanghai" title="Islands of Shanghai">its major islands</a>. From northwest to southeast: <a href="/wiki/Chongming_Island" title="Chongming Island">Chongming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changxing_Island_(Shanghai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Changxing Island (Shanghai)">Changxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hengsha_Island" title="Hengsha Island">Hengsha</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jiuduansha" title="Jiuduansha">Jiuduansha</a> shoals off Pudong. The Yangtze's natural <a href="/wiki/Sediment_transport" title="Sediment transport">sediment discharge</a> can be seen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is located on the Yangtze <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a> of China's east coast, with the Yangtze River to the north and <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Bay" title="Hangzhou Bay">Hangzhou Bay</a> to the south, with the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> to the east. The land is formed by the Yangtze's natural <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(geology)" title="Deposition (geology)">deposition</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a> projects. As such, it has <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">sandy soil</a>, and skyscrapers have to be built with deep concrete piles to avoid sinking into the soft ground.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincial-level <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of Shanghai">Municipality of Shanghai</a> administers both the estuary and many of its <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Shanghai" title="Islands of Shanghai">surrounding islands</a>. It borders the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> to the west and north.<sup id="cite_ref-location_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-location-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The municipality's northernmost point is on <a href="/wiki/Chongming_Island" title="Chongming Island">Chongming Island</a>, which is the second-largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_China" title="List of islands of China">island in mainland China</a> after its expansion during the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-eos_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eos-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not administratively include an <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> of Jiangsu on northern Chongming or the two islands forming Shanghai's <a href="/wiki/Yangshan_Port" title="Yangshan Port">Yangshan Port</a>, which are parts of Zhejiang's <a href="/wiki/Shengsi_County" title="Shengsi County">Shengsi County</a>. </p><p>Shanghai is located on an <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_plain" title="Alluvial plain">alluvial plain</a>. As such, the vast majority of its 6,340.5 km<sup>2</sup> (2,448.1 sq mi) land area is flat, with an average elevation of 4 m (13 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-topo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tidal flat ecosystems exist around the estuary, however, they have long been reclaimed for agricultural purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's few hills, such as <a href="/wiki/Sheshan_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheshan Hill">She Shan</a>, lie to the southwest, and its highest point is the peak of <a href="/wiki/Dajinshan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Dajinshan Island">Dajinshan Island</a> (103 m or 338 ft) in Hangzhou Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-topo_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai has many rivers, canals, streams, and lakes, and it is known for its rich water resources as part of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tai" title="Lake Tai">Lake Tai</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-waterresources_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waterresources-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Shanghai </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.396em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">70</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.28em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">64</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.73em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">87</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">6</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.542em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">77</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.804em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">90</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.934em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">197</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.4em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.938em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">147</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.202em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">210</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.33em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">117</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.428em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">71</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.15em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">58</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.8em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.986em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">49</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/global-summary-of-the-month/">The National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)</a></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.396em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.28em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">50</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.73em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">43</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.542em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.804em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.934em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">7.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.4em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">82</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.938em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.202em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">8.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.33em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">82</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.428em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">59</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.15em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.8em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.986em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Downtown Shanghai is bisected by the Huangpu River, a man-made <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> of the Yangtze created by order of Lord Chunshen during the Warring States period.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historic center of the city was located on the west bank of the Huangpu (<a href="/wiki/Puxi" title="Puxi">Puxi</a>), near the mouth of Suzhou Creek, connecting it with Lake Tai and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal</a>. The central financial district, Lujiazui, has been established on the east bank of the Huangpu (Pudong). Along Shanghai's eastern shore, the destruction of local <a href="/wiki/Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetlands">wetlands</a> due to the construction of <a href="/wiki/Pudong_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudong International Airport">Pudong International Airport</a> has been partially offset by the protection and expansion of a nearby shoal, <a href="/wiki/Jiuduansha" title="Jiuduansha">Jiuduansha</a>, as a nature preserve.<sup id="cite_ref-4isle_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4isle-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shanghai has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfa</i>), with an average annual temperature of 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) for downtown areas and 16.2–17.2 °C (61.2–63.0 °F) for suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city experiences four distinct seasons. Winters are temperate to cold and damp—northwesterly winds from <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> can cause nighttime temperatures to drop below freezing. Each year, there are an average of 4.7 days with snowfall and 1.6 days with snow cover.<sup id="cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summers are hot and humid, and occasional downpours or <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorms" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderstorms">thunderstorms</a> can be expected. On average, 14.5 days exceed 35 °C (95 °F) annually. In summer and the beginning of autumn, the city is susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wiphatelegraph_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiphatelegraph-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most pleasant seasons are generally spring, although changeable and often rainy, and autumn, which is usually sunny and dry. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 28% in June to 46% in August, the city receives 1,754 hours of bright sunshine annually. (All the mean values mentioned in this paragraph are data observed in Baoshan District） According to China's seasonal division standard, from 2001 to 2024, Shanghai enters spring on 9 March, summer on 16 May, autumn on 5 October, and winter on 4 December. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −10.1 °C (14 °F) on 31 January 1977 (unofficial record of −12.1 °C (10 °F) was set on 19 January 1893) to 40.9 °C (106 °F) on 21 July 2017<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 13 July 2022<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at a <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xujiahui" title="Xujiahui">Xujiahui</a> and 2 August 2024 in Minhang District following a record hot night set at 32.1 °C (90 °F) as the highest ever daily minimum temperature at Xujiahui.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 August 2013, the weather station at <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport" title="Shanghai Pudong International Airport">Shanghai Pudong International Airport</a> also observed a high temperature of 41.0 °C (106 °F). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Shanghai (<a href="/wiki/Xujiahui" title="Xujiahui">Xujiahui</a>), elevation 5 m (16 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.1<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−10.1<br />(13.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.2<br />(2.84) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.3<br />(3.83) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.2<br />(3.31) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.0<br />(3.58) </td> <td style="background: #00A300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">224.9<br />(8.85) </td> <td style="background: #0BFF0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.2<br />(6.43) </td> <td style="background: #00AD00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">225.9<br />(8.89) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.5<br />(5.18) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6<br />(2.74) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4<br />(2.42) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,336.6<br />(52.61) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">130.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B3B36F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.3 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.9 </td> <td style="background: #BABA48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.5 </td> <td style="background: #C5C504; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.5 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.8 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.9 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.8 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.7 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.5 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.4 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.1 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.4 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,775.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a> (sun 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA2_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA2-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>all-time extreme temperature<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Shanghai (<a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang District</a>), elevation 6 m (20 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(2.77) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.4<br />(3.76) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5<br />(3.25) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.2<br />(3.67) </td> <td style="background: #00BE00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">207.3<br />(8.16) </td> <td style="background: #22FF22; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.0<br />(5.83) </td> <td style="background: #00E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.1<br />(7.37) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.1<br />(4.65) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.4<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.3<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,245.5<br />(49.04) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">129.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B3B36E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.8 </td> <td style="background: #BABA46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.8 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.1 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.8 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.3 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.7 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.1 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.1 </td> <td style="background: #BABA45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.7 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,850.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 312.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20045-Shanghai-Pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Lujiazui from The Bund during the day"><img alt="View of Lujiazui from The Bund during the day" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/20045-Shanghai-Pano.jpg/466px-20045-Shanghai-Pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="311" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/20045-Shanghai-Pano.jpg/699px-20045-Shanghai-Pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/20045-Shanghai-Pano.jpg/931px-20045-Shanghai-Pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2723" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of <a href="/wiki/Lujiazui" title="Lujiazui">Lujiazui</a> from The Bund during the day</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_(41106376245).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Pudong from Hongkou District"><img alt="View of Pudong from Hongkou District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Shanghai_%2841106376245%29.jpg/359px-Shanghai_%2841106376245%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Shanghai_%2841106376245%29.jpg/538px-Shanghai_%2841106376245%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Shanghai_%2841106376245%29.jpg/717px-Shanghai_%2841106376245%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of Pudong from <a href="/wiki/Hongkou,_Shanghai" title="Hongkou, Shanghai">Hongkou District</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudong_Shanghai_November_2017_HDR_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Night view of Lujiazui in Pudong"><img alt="Night view of Lujiazui in Pudong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pudong_Shanghai_November_2017_HDR_panorama.jpg/500px-Pudong_Shanghai_November_2017_HDR_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pudong_Shanghai_November_2017_HDR_panorama.jpg/960px-Pudong_Shanghai_November_2017_HDR_panorama.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="10200" data-file-height="5100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Night view of <a href="/wiki/Lujiazui" title="Lujiazui">Lujiazui</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></div> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Bund" title="The Bund">The Bund</a>, located by the bank of the Huangpu River, is home to a row of early 20th-century architecture, ranging in style from the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Building,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Building, Shanghai">HSBC Building</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> Sassoon House (now part of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Hotel" title="Peace Hotel">Peace Hotel</a>). Many areas in the former foreign concessions are also well-preserved, the most notable being the French Concession.<sup id="cite_ref-art_deco_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art_deco-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai is also home to many architecturally distinctive and even eccentric buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Museum" title="Shanghai Museum">Shanghai Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Grand_Theatre" title="Shanghai Grand Theatre">Shanghai Grand Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Art_Center" title="Oriental Art Center">Oriental Art Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Pearl_Tower" title="Oriental Pearl Tower">Oriental Pearl Tower</a>. Despite rampant redevelopment, the Old City still retains some traditional architecture and designs, such as the <a href="/wiki/Yu_Garden" title="Yu Garden">Yu Garden</a>, an elaborate <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a> style garden.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of its construction boom during the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai has among the most Art Deco buildings in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-art_deco_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art_deco-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most famous architects working in Shanghai was <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Hudec" title="László Hudec">László Hudec</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Slovakia" title="Hungarians in Slovakia">Hungarian-Slovak</a> who lived in the city between 1918 and 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Hugyecz2_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugyecz2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most notable Art Deco buildings include the <a href="/wiki/Park_Hotel_Shanghai" title="Park Hotel Shanghai">Park Hotel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cinema_(Shanghai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Cinema (Shanghai)">Grand Cinema</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_(Shanghai)" title="Paramount (Shanghai)">Paramount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prominent architects who contributed to the Art Deco style are <a href="/wiki/P%26T_Group" title="P&T Group">Clement Palmer and Arthur Turner</a>, who together designed the Peace Hotel, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropole_Hotel_(Shanghai)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropole Hotel (Shanghai) (page does not exist)">Metropole Hotel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mansions" title="Broadway Mansions">Broadway Mansions</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Austrian architect <a href="/wiki/C._H._Gonda" title="C. H. Gonda">C.H. Gonda</a>, who designed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitol_Theater_(Shanghai)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitol Theater (Shanghai) (page does not exist)">Capitol Theatre</a>. The Bund has been revitalized several times. The first was in 1986, with a new <a href="/wiki/Esplanade" title="Esplanade">promenade</a> by the Dutch architect Paulus Snoeren.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second was before the <a href="/wiki/Expo_2010" title="Expo 2010">2010 Expo</a>, which includes restoration of the century-old <a href="/wiki/Waibaidu_Bridge" title="Waibaidu Bridge">Waibaidu Bridge</a> and reconfiguration of traffic flow.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Bund_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_Bund_1.jpg/220px-The_Bund_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_Bund_1.jpg/330px-The_Bund_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_Bund_1.jpg/440px-The_Bund_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3689" data-file-height="2217" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Bund" title="The Bund">The Bund</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One distinctive cultural element is the <a href="/wiki/Shikumen" title="Shikumen">shikumen</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">石库门</span></span>, "stone storage door") residence, typically two- or three-story gray brick houses with the front yard protected by a heavy wooden door in a stylistic stone arch.<sup id="cite_ref-radical_quaintness_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical_quaintness-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each residence is connected and arranged in straight alleys, known as <a href="/wiki/Longtang" title="Longtang">longtang</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">弄堂</span></span>). The house is similar to western-style <a href="/wiki/Terrace_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrace house">terrace houses</a> or <a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouses</a>, but distinguished by the tall, heavy brick wall and archway in front of each house.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shikumen is a cultural blend of elements found in Western architecture with traditional Jiangnan Chinese architecture and social behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-radical_quaintness_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical_quaintness-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like almost all traditional Chinese dwellings, it has a <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyard</a>, which reduces outside noise. Vegetation can be grown in the courtyard, and it can also allow for sunlight and ventilation in the rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_pudong_shanghai_jinmao_tower_and_swfc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tower_pudong_shanghai_jinmao_tower_and_swfc.jpg/250px-Tower_pudong_shanghai_jinmao_tower_and_swfc.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tower_pudong_shanghai_jinmao_tower_and_swfc.jpg/330px-Tower_pudong_shanghai_jinmao_tower_and_swfc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_World_Financial_Center" title="Shanghai World Financial Center">Shanghai World Financial Center</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Jin_Mao_Tower" title="Jin Mao Tower">Jin Mao Tower</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of Shanghai's buildings feature <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> neoclassical architecture or <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist architecture</a>, though the city has fewer such structures than Beijing. These buildings were mostly erected between the founding of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic</a> in 1949 and the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Split" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Soviet Split">Sino-Soviet Split</a> in the late 1960s. During this time period, large numbers of Soviet experts, including architects, poured into China to aid the country in the construction of a communist state. An example of Soviet neoclassical architecture in Shanghai is the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Exhibition_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Exhibition Center">Shanghai Exhibition Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lonely_Planet_-_undated_-_Lonely_Planet_review_for_Shanghai_Exhibition_Center_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lonely_Planet_-_undated_-_Lonely_Planet_review_for_Shanghai_Exhibition_Center-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai—Lujiazui in particular—has <a href="/wiki/List_of_skyscrapers_in_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of skyscrapers in Shanghai">numerous skyscrapers</a>, making it the fifth <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_the_most_skyscrapers" title="List of cities with the most skyscrapers">city in the world with the most skyscrapers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the most prominent examples are the 421 m (1,381 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Jin_Mao_Tower" title="Jin Mao Tower">Jin Mao Tower</a>, the 492 m (1,614 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_World_Financial_Center" title="Shanghai World Financial Center">Shanghai World Financial Center</a>, and the 632 m (2,073 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Tower" title="Shanghai Tower">Shanghai Tower</a>, which is the tallest building in China and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings" title="List of tallest buildings">third tallest in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Completed in 2015, the tower takes the form of nine twisted sections stacked atop each other, totaling 128 floors.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is featured in its <a href="/wiki/Double-skin_facade" title="Double-skin facade">double-skin facade</a> design, which eliminates the need for either layer to be opaqued for reflectivity as the double-layer structure has already reduced the heat absorption.<sup id="cite_ref-matternetwork_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matternetwork-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The futuristic-looking Oriental Pearl Tower, at 468 m (1,535 ft), is located nearby at the northern tip of Lujiazui.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skyscrapers outside of Lujiazui include the <a href="/wiki/White_Magnolia_Plaza" title="White Magnolia Plaza">White Magnolia Plaza</a> in Hongkou, the <a href="/wiki/Shimao_International_Plaza" title="Shimao International Plaza">Shimao International Plaza</a> in Huangpu, and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Wheelock_Square" title="Shanghai Wheelock Square">Shanghai Wheelock Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jing%27an,_Shanghai" title="Jing'an, Shanghai">Jing'an</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C2%B7%CB%99%C2%B7ChinaUli2010%C2%B7.%C2%B7_Shanghai_-_panoramio_(231).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Shanghai Museum"><img alt="The Shanghai Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%C2%B7%CB%99%C2%B7ChinaUli2010%C2%B7.%C2%B7_Shanghai_-_panoramio_%28231%29.jpg/155px-%C2%B7%CB%99%C2%B7ChinaUli2010%C2%B7.%C2%B7_Shanghai_-_panoramio_%28231%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%C2%B7%CB%99%C2%B7ChinaUli2010%C2%B7.%C2%B7_Shanghai_-_panoramio_%28231%29.jpg/233px-%C2%B7%CB%99%C2%B7ChinaUli2010%C2%B7.%C2%B7_Shanghai_-_panoramio_%28231%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%C2%B7%CB%99%C2%B7ChinaUli2010%C2%B7.%C2%B7_Shanghai_-_panoramio_%28231%29.jpg/310px-%C2%B7%CB%99%C2%B7ChinaUli2010%C2%B7.%C2%B7_Shanghai_-_panoramio_%28231%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Museum" title="Shanghai Museum">Shanghai Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghaigrandtheatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Shanghai Grand Theater"><img alt="The Shanghai Grand Theater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shanghaigrandtheatre.jpg/250px-Shanghaigrandtheatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shanghaigrandtheatre.jpg/330px-Shanghaigrandtheatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Grand_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Grand Theater">Shanghai Grand Theater</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sino-Soviet_Friendship_Mansion.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Shanghai Exhibition Center, an example of Stalinist architecture"><img alt="The Shanghai Exhibition Center, an example of Stalinist architecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_Sino-Soviet_Friendship_Mansion.JPG/155px-The_Sino-Soviet_Friendship_Mansion.JPG" decoding="async" width="155" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_Sino-Soviet_Friendship_Mansion.JPG/233px-The_Sino-Soviet_Friendship_Mansion.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_Sino-Soviet_Friendship_Mansion.JPG/310px-The_Sino-Soviet_Friendship_Mansion.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Exhibition_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Exhibition Center">Shanghai Exhibition Center</a>, an example of <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist architecture</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Oriental_Pearl_Radio_%26_Television_Tower_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Oriental Pearl Tower at night"><img alt="The Oriental Pearl Tower at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_Oriental_Pearl_Radio_%26_Television_Tower_at_night.jpg/103px-The_Oriental_Pearl_Radio_%26_Television_Tower_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_Oriental_Pearl_Radio_%26_Television_Tower_at_night.jpg/155px-The_Oriental_Pearl_Radio_%26_Television_Tower_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_Oriental_Pearl_Radio_%26_Television_Tower_at_night.jpg/206px-The_Oriental_Pearl_Radio_%26_Television_Tower_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1935" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Pearl_Tower" title="Oriental Pearl Tower">Oriental Pearl Tower</a> at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_-_Shanghai_Tower_-_0003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shanghai Tower"><img alt="Shanghai Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shanghai_-_Shanghai_Tower_-_0003.jpg/79px-Shanghai_-_Shanghai_Tower_-_0003.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shanghai_-_Shanghai_Tower_-_0003.jpg/119px-Shanghai_-_Shanghai_Tower_-_0003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shanghai_-_Shanghai_Tower_-_0003.jpg/158px-Shanghai_-_Shanghai_Tower_-_0003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="4630" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Tower" title="Shanghai Tower">Shanghai Tower</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyscrapers_in_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glass facades of two skyscrapers"><img alt="Glass facades of two skyscrapers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Skyscrapers_in_Shanghai.jpg/120px-Skyscrapers_in_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Skyscrapers_in_Shanghai.jpg/250px-Skyscrapers_in_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2761" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glass facades of two skyscrapers</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanghai" title="Politics of Shanghai">Politics of Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Government" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Government">Shanghai Municipal People's Government</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center"> <caption>Current leaders of the Shanghai Municipal Government </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th style="width:25%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/40px-Danghui.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/60px-Danghui.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </th> <th style="width:25%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/40px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/60px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> </th> <th style="width:25%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/40px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/60px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> </th> <th style="width:25%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_(CPPCC)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg/40px-Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg/60px-Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Title </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Party_Secretary_of_Shanghai" title="Party Secretary of Shanghai">CCP Committee Secretary</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Congress">SMPC</a> Chairwoman</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Shanghai">Mayor</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Shanghai <a href="/wiki/CPPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="CPPCC">CPPCC</a> Chairman</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Name </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chen_Jining" title="Chen Jining">Chen Jining</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huang_Lixin" title="Huang Lixin">Huang Lixin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gong_Zheng" title="Gong Zheng">Gong Zheng</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hu_Wenrong" title="Hu Wenrong">Hu Wenrong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_home_(Chinese)" title="Ancestral home (Chinese)">Ancestral home</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lishu_County" title="Lishu County">Lishu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Born </th> <td>February 1964 (age 61)</td> <td>August 1962 (age 62)</td> <td>March 1960 (age 64–65)</td> <td>July 1964 (age 60) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Assumed office </th> <td>October 2022<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>January 2024<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>March 2020<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>January 2023<sup id="cite_ref-Dong_Yunhu_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_Yunhu-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Government_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shanghai_Government_Building.jpg/220px-Shanghai_Government_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shanghai_Government_Building.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Government_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shanghai_Government_Building.jpg/440px-Shanghai_Government_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Shanghai Municipal Government building</figcaption></figure> <p>Like all <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">governing institutions in mainland China</a>, Shanghai has a parallel party-government system,<sup id="cite_ref-PoliticalSystem_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliticalSystem-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the <a href="/wiki/Party_Secretary_of_Shanghai" title="Party Secretary of Shanghai">CCP Committee Secretary</a>, officially termed the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary, outranks the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Shanghai">Mayor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP committee</a> acts as the top policy-formulation body, and is typically composed of 12 members (including the secretary), and has control over the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Government" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Government">Shanghai Municipal People's Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Political power in Shanghai has frequently been a stepping stone to higher positions in the central government. Since <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> became the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a> in June 1989, all former Shanghai party secretaries but one were elevated to the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a>, the <i>de facto</i> highest decision-making body in China,<sup id="cite_ref-PoliticalSystem_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliticalSystem-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Jiang himself (Party General Secretary),<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a> (Premier),<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a> (NPC Chairman),<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Huang_Ju" title="Huang Ju">Huang Ju</a> (Vice Premier),<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (current General Secretary),<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng">Yu Zhengsheng</a> (CPPCC Chairman),<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a> (Vice Premier and Vice President),<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> (Premier). <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Qinghong" title="Zeng Qinghong">Zeng Qinghong</a>, a former deputy party secretary of Shanghai, also rose to the Politburo Standing Committee and became the Vice President and an influential power broker.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a>, another former deputy party secretary of Shanghai, has become the Politburo Standing Committee and Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">CCDI</a> member in 2022. The only exception is <a href="/wiki/Chen_Liangyu" title="Chen Liangyu">Chen Liangyu</a>, who was fired in 2006 and later convicted of <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">corruption</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Officials with ties to the Shanghai administration collectively form a powerful faction in the central government known as the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Clique" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Clique">Shanghai Clique</a>, which has often been viewed as competing against the rival <a href="/wiki/Youth_League_Faction" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth League Faction">Youth League Faction</a> over personnel appointments and policy decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Xi Jinping, successor to <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> as General Secretary and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President</a>, was largely an independent leader and took <a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">anti-corruption campaigns</a> on both factions.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shanghai" title="List of administrative divisions of Shanghai">List of administrative divisions of Shanghai</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Shanghai" title="List of township-level divisions of Shanghai">List of township-level divisions of Shanghai</a></div> <p>Shanghai is one of the four <a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">municipalities</a> under the direct administration of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Central People's Government</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is divided into 16 <a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">county-level</a> <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8">Administrative divisions of Shanghai </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><div class="center" style="position: relative"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 600px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Administrative_Division_Shanghai.png/600px-Administrative_Division_Shanghai.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="688" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Administrative_Division_Shanghai.png/900px-Administrative_Division_Shanghai.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Administrative_Division_Shanghai.png/1200px-Administrative_Division_Shanghai.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2980" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:284.76923076923px; top:363.53846153846px"><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Huangpu</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:261.69230769231px; top:393.53846153846px"><a href="/wiki/Xuhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuhui District"><b>Xuhui</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:229.38461538462px; top:372.76923076923px"><a href="/wiki/Changning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changning District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Changning</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:259.38461538462px; top:324.30769230769px"><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing'an District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Jing'an</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:250.15384615385px; top:345.07692307692px"><a href="/wiki/Putuo_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Putuo District, Shanghai"><b>Putuo</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:294px; top:338.15384615385px"><a href="/wiki/Hongkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongkou District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Hongkou</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:307.84615384615px; top:319.69230769231px"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Yangpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangpu District"><b>Yangpu</b></a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:273.23076923077px; top:446.61538461538px"><a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District"><b>Minhang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:254.76923076923px; top:271.23076923077px"><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai"><b>Baoshan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:176.30769230769px; top:287.38461538462px"><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District"><b>Jiading</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:386.30769230769px; top:428.15384615385px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:180.92307692308px; top:587.38461538462px"><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan District"><b>Jinshan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:162.46153846154px; top:476.61538461538px"><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Songjiang District"><b>Songjiang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:104.76923076923px; top:409.69230769231px"><a href="/wiki/Qingpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingpu District, Shanghai"><b>Qingpu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:328.61538461538px; top:538.92307692308px"><a href="/wiki/Fengxian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengxian District"><b>Fengxian</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:294px; top:132.76923076923px"><a href="/wiki/Chongming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongming District"><b>Chongming</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:104.76923076923px; top:121.23076923077px"><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing'an District"><b> </b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:104.76923076923px; top:139.69230769231px"><a href="/wiki/Hongkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongkou District"><b> </b></a></div> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Division </th> <th scope="col">Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.2_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.2-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Total population 2022<sup id="cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.2_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.2-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Seat </th> <th scope="col">Postal code </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>310000</th> <th>Shanghai </th> <td>6,340.50</td> <td>24,758,900</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></td> <td>200000 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310101</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a> </th> <td>20.46</td> <td>507,800</td> <td>Waitan Subdistrict</td> <td>200001 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310104</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Xuhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuhui District">Xuhui</a> </th> <td>54.76</td> <td>1,098,500</td> <td>Xujiahui Subdistrict</td> <td>200030 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310105</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Changning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changning District">Changning</a> </th> <td>38.30</td> <td>684,600</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Road_Subdistrict,_Shanghai" title="Jiangsu Road Subdistrict, Shanghai">Jiangsu Road Subdistrict</a></td> <td>200050 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310106</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing'an District">Jing'an</a> </th> <td>36.88</td> <td>940,500</td> <td>Jiangning Road Subdistrict</td> <td>200040 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310107</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Putuo_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Putuo District, Shanghai">Putuo</a> </th> <td>54.83</td> <td>1,242,900</td> <td>Zhenru Town Subdistrict</td> <td>200333 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310109</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hongkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongkou District">Hongkou</a> </th> <td>23.48</td> <td>681,900</td> <td>Jiaxing Road Subdistrict</td> <td>200080 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310110</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yangpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangpu District">Yangpu</a> </th> <td>60.73</td> <td>1,199,200</td> <td>Pingliang Road Subdistrict</td> <td>200082 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310112</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang</a> </th> <td>370.75</td> <td>2,688,800</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinzhuang,_Shanghai" title="Xinzhuang, Shanghai">Xinzhuang town</a></td> <td>201100 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310113</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan</a> </th> <td>270.99</td> <td>2,271,900</td> <td>Youyi Road Subdistrict</td> <td>201900 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310114</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Jiading</a> </th> <td>464.20</td> <td>1,893,400</td> <td>Xincheng Road Subdistrict</td> <td>201800 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310115</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pudong_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudong New Area">Pudong</a> </th> <td>1,210.41</td> <td>5,782,000</td> <td>Huamu Subdistrict</td> <td>200135 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310116</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan District">Jinshan</a> </th> <td>586.05</td> <td>823,700</td> <td>Shanyang town</td> <td>201500 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310117</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Songjiang District">Songjiang</a> </th> <td>605.64</td> <td>1,954,500</td> <td>Fangsong Subdistrict</td> <td>201600 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310118</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Qingpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingpu District, Shanghai">Qingpu</a> </th> <td>670.14</td> <td>1,265,600</td> <td>Xiayang Subdistrict</td> <td>201700 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310120</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fengxian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengxian District">Fengxian</a> </th> <td>687.39</td> <td>1,126,300</td> <td>Nanqiao town</td> <td>201400 </td></tr> <tr> <th>310151</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chongming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongming District">Chongming</a> </th> <td>1,185.49</td> <td>597,400</td> <td>Chengqiao town</td> <td>202100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English </th> <th>Chinese </th> <th>Pinyin </th> <th>Shanghainese Romanization </th></tr> <tr> <th>Shanghai Municipality </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">上海市</span></span> </td> <td>Shànghǎi Shì </td> <td>zaon he zy </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄浦区</span></span> </td> <td>Huángpǔ Qū </td> <td>waon phu chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Xuhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuhui District">Xuhui District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">徐汇区</span></span> </td> <td>Xúhuì Qū </td> <td>zi we chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Changning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changning District">Changning District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长宁区</span></span> </td> <td>Chángníng Qū </td> <td>zan nyin chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing'an District">Jing'an District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">静安区</span></span> </td> <td>Jìng'ān Qū </td> <td>zin oe chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Putuo_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Putuo District, Shanghai">Putuo District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">普陀区</span></span> </td> <td>Pǔtuó Qū </td> <td>phu du chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hongkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongkou District">Hongkou District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">虹口区</span></span> </td> <td>Hóngkǒu Qū </td> <td>ghon kheu chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Yangpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangpu District">Yangpu District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">杨浦区</span></span> </td> <td>Yángpǔ Qū </td> <td>yan phu chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">闵行区</span></span> </td> <td>Mǐnháng Qū </td> <td>min ghaon chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">宝山区</span></span> </td> <td>Bǎoshān Qū </td> <td>pau sae chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Jiading District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">嘉定区</span></span> </td> <td>Jiādìng Qū </td> <td>ka din chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong New Area</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">浦东新区</span></span> </td> <td>Pǔdōng Xīnqū </td> <td>phu ton sin chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan District">Jinshan District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">金山区</span></span> </td> <td>Jīnshān Qū </td> <td>cin se chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Songjiang District">Songjiang District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">松江区</span></span> </td> <td>Sōngjiāng Qū </td> <td>son kaon chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Qingpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingpu District, Shanghai">Qingpu District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">青浦区</span></span> </td> <td>Qīngpǔ Qū </td> <td>tsin phu chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Fengxian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengxian District">Fengxian District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">奉贤区</span></span> </td> <td>Fèngxián Qū </td> <td>von yi chiu </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Chongming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongming District">Chongming District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">崇明区</span></span> </td> <td>Chóngmíng Qū </td> <td>dzon min chiu </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although every district has its own urban core, the city hall and major administrative units are located in Huangpu District, which also serves as a commercial area, including the famous <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road_(Shanghai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Road (Shanghai)">Nanjing Road</a>. Other major commercial areas include <a href="/wiki/Xintiandi" title="Xintiandi">Xintiandi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huaihai_Road" title="Huaihai Road">Huaihai Road</a><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Huangpu District, and Xujiahui<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Xuhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuhui District">Xuhui District</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shanghai" title="List of universities and colleges in Shanghai">universities in Shanghai</a> are located in residential areas in Yangpu District and <a href="/wiki/Putuo_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Putuo District, Shanghai">Putuo District</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Openstreetmap_central_Shanghai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Openstreetmap_central_Shanghai.svg/250px-Openstreetmap_central_Shanghai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Openstreetmap_central_Shanghai.svg/330px-Openstreetmap_central_Shanghai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Openstreetmap_central_Shanghai.svg/500px-Openstreetmap_central_Shanghai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Map of central Shanghai</figcaption></figure> <p>Seven of the districts govern Puxi (<small><abbr title="Literally">lit.</abbr></small> "The West Bank," or "West of the River Pu"), the older part of urban Shanghai on the west bank of the Huangpu River. These seven districts are collectively referred to as Shanghai Proper (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">上海市区</span></span>) or the core city (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">市中心</span></span>), which comprise Huangpu, Xuhui, <a href="/wiki/Changning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changning District">Changning</a>, Jing'an, Putuo, Hongkou, and Yangpu. </p><p>Pudong (<small><abbr title="Literally">lit.</abbr></small> "The East Bank," or "East of the River Pu"), the newer part of urban and suburban Shanghai on the east bank of the Huangpu River, is governed by <a href="/wiki/Pudong_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudong New Area">Pudong New Area</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">浦东新区</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven of the districts govern suburbs, satellite towns, and rural areas farther away from the urban core: Baoshan,<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jiading,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinshan,<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Songjiang,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qingpu,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Fengxian.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chongming District comprises the islands of Changxing and Hengsha and most—but not all<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—of Chongming Island. </p><p>The former district of Nanhui was absorbed into Pudong District in 2009. In 2011, Luwan District merged with Huangpu District. As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, these county-level divisions are further divided into the following 210 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">township-level divisions</a>: 109 <a href="/wiki/Town_(China)" title="Town (China)">towns</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">townships</a>, and 99 <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>. Those are in turn divided into the following <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Village_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">village-level divisions</a>: 3,661 neighborhood committees and 1,704 village committees.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a sizable <a href="/wiki/Korean_community_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean community of Shanghai">Korean community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_Shanghai" title="Japanese community of Shanghai">Japanese community</a> in Shanghai, largely in the <a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang District</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on Chinese Wikipedia: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="extiw" title="zh:上海经济">上海经济</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Greater Shanghai Metropolitan Area<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Area km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">Population (2020)</a> </th> <th>GDP (CN¥)<sup id="cite_ref-GDP2022_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP2022-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>GDP (US$) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Shanghai</td> <td>6,341</td> <td>26,875,500</td> <td>CN¥ 4,465 billion</td> <td>US$663.9 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></td> <td>8,488</td> <td>12,748,252</td> <td>CN¥ 2,396 billion</td> <td>US$356.0 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></td> <td>9,816</td> <td>9,618,000</td> <td>CN¥ 1,570 billion</td> <td>US$233.5 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></td> <td>4,628</td> <td>7,462,135</td> <td>CN¥ 1,485 billion</td> <td>US$221.0 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></td> <td>8,544</td> <td>7,726,635</td> <td>CN¥ 1,138 billion</td> <td>US$169.2 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></td> <td>4,385</td> <td>5,278,121</td> <td>CN¥ 955 billion</td> <td>US$142.0 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></td> <td>4,009</td> <td>5,400,868</td> <td>CN¥ 551 billion</td> <td>US$73.6 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></td> <td>5,818</td> <td>3,367,579</td> <td>CN¥ 272 billion</td> <td>US$40.7 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></td> <td>1,378</td> <td>1,157,817</td> <td>CN¥ 151 billion</td> <td>US$20.0 billion </td></tr> <tr style="background:#feb;"> <td><b>Greater Shanghai Metropolitan Area</b></td> <td><b>53,407</b></td> <td><b>79,634,907</b></td> <td><b>CN¥ 12.983 trillion</b></td> <td><b> US$1.927 trillion</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">economy of China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is a global center for <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">innovation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a national center for commerce, trade, and transportation,<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the world's busiest container port—the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">Port of Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, the Greater Shanghai metropolitan area, which includes <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a>, was estimated to produce a <a href="/wiki/Gross_metropolitan_product" title="Gross metropolitan product">gross metropolitan product</a> of nearly 9.1 trillion <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> ($1.33 trillion in <a href="/wiki/GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP (nominal)">nominal</a> or $2.08 trillion in <a href="/wiki/GDP_PPP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP PPP">PPP</a>), exceeding that of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> with GDP (nominal) of $1.22 trillion, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">15th largest</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, the economy of Shanghai was estimated to be $1 trillion (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>), ranking the most productive metro area of China and among the top ten <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">largest metropolitan economies</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai's six largest industries—<a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a>, finance, <a href="/wiki/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="IT">IT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">machine manufacturing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive manufacturing">automotive manufacturing</a>—comprise about half the city's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Shanghai had a GDP of <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a>5.39 trillion ($757 billion in nominal) that makes up 4% of China's GDP, and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> of CN¥216,791 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$30,448</span> in nominal).<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the average annual <a href="/wiki/Disposable_income" title="Disposable income">disposable income</a> of Shanghai's residents was CN¥79,610 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$11,836</span>) per capita, while the average annual salary of people employed in urban units in Shanghai was CN¥212,476 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$31,589</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it one of the wealthiest cities in China,<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also the most expensive city in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> to live in according to a 2023 study by the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2018, Shanghai has been hosting the <a href="/wiki/China_International_Import_Expo" title="China International Import Expo">China International Import Expo</a> (CIIE) annually, the world's first import-themed national-level expo. </p><p>In 2023, the city's imports and exports reached CN¥7.73 trillion (US$1.07 trillion), accounting for 18.5% of the national total.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Julius Baer's Global Wealth and Lifestyle Report, Shanghai was the most expensive city in the world for living a luxurious lifestyle in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai was the 5th wealthiest city in the world, with a total wealth amounts to $1.8 trillion,<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Shanghai was ranked <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of cities by number of billionaires">fifth-highest</a> in the number of billionaires by Forbes.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai's <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> was projected to reach US$1.3 trillion in 2035 (ranking first in China), making it one of the world's Top 5 major cities in terms of <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">GRP</a> according to a study by Oxford Economics.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of August 2024, Shanghai ranked 4th in the world and 2nd in China (after Beijing) by the largest number of the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500#Fortune_Global_500_of_2021" title="Fortune Global 500"><i>Fortune</i> Global 500</a> companies in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin:0 auto 0 auto; border:1px solid #999; background:#fff;font-size:80%;" border="0" cellpadding="3"> <caption>Economy of Shanghai since the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economic reform">Chinese economic reform</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center; background: #ccc;"> <th>Year </th> <th>1978 </th> <th>1980 </th> <th>1983 </th> <th>1986 </th> <th>1990 </th> <th>1993 </th> <th>1996 </th> <th>2000 </th> <th>2003 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2018_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2018-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2019<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><span class="nowrap">GDP <small>(¥T)</small><sup id="cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:4.1_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:4.1-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td>0.027 </td> <td>0.031 </td> <td>0.035 </td> <td>0.049 </td> <td>0.078 </td> <td>0.152 </td> <td>0.298 </td> <td>0.481 </td> <td>0.676 </td> <td>1.072 </td> <td>1.744 </td> <td>2.226 </td> <td>2.818 </td> <td>3.063 </td> <td>3.268 </td> <td>3.816 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><span class="nowrap">GDP per capita <small>(¥K)</small><sup id="cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:4.1_175-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:4.1-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td>2.85 </td> <td>2.73 </td> <td>2.95 </td> <td>3.96 </td> <td>5.91 </td> <td>11.06 </td> <td>20.81 </td> <td>30.31 </td> <td>38.88 </td> <td>55.62 </td> <td>77.28 </td> <td>92.85 </td> <td>116.58 </td> <td>126.63 </td> <td>134.83 </td> <td>157.14 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><span class="nowrap">Average disposable income<br />(urban) <small>(¥K)</small><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:10.25_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:10.25-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>0.64 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2.18 </td> <td>4.28 </td> <td>8.16 </td> <td>11.72 </td> <td>14.87 </td> <td>20.67 </td> <td>31.84 </td> <td>43.85 </td> <td>57.69 </td> <td>62.60 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">64.18<br />(total) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">69.44<br />(total) </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><span class="nowrap">Average disposable income<br />(rural) <small>(¥K)</small><sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:10.25_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:10.25-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>0.40 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1.67 </td> <td> </td> <td>4.85 </td> <td>5.57 </td> <td>6.66 </td> <td>9.21 </td> <td>13.75 </td> <td>19.21 </td> <td>25.52 </td> <td>27.82 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shanghai was the largest and most prosperous city in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> during the 1930s, and its rapid redevelopment began in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-1930hub_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1930hub-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last two decades, Shanghai has been one of the fastest-developing cities in the world; it has recorded double-digit GDP growth in almost every year between 1992 and 2008, before the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance">Finance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Finance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg/220px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg/440px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a> is one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is a global <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>, ranking first in the whole of Asia & Oceania region and third globally (after New York and London) in the 28th edition of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI2_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI2-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published in September 2020 by <a href="/wiki/Z/Yen" title="Z/Yen">Z/Yen</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_Development_Institute" title="China Development Institute">China Development Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai is also a large hub of the Chinese and global technology industry and home to a large startup ecosystem. As of 2021, the city was ranked as the 2nd <a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">Fintech</a> powerhouse in the world after New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a> had a <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$4.02 trillion</span>, making it the largest <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> in China and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">fourth-largest stock exchange</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the trading volume of six key commodities—including rubber, copper, and zinc—on the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Futures_Exchange" title="Shanghai Futures Exchange">Shanghai Futures Exchange</a> all ranked first globally.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 2017, Shanghai had 1,491 financial institutions, of which 251 were foreign-invested.<sup id="cite_ref-hktdc.com_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hktdc.com-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2013, with the backing of Chinese Premier <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a>, the city launched the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Shanghai Free-Trade Zone">Shanghai Free-Trade Zone</a>—the first <a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">free-trade zone</a> in mainland China. The zone introduced a number of pilot reforms designed to incentivize foreign investment. In April 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Banker" title="The Banker">The Banker</a></i> reported that Shanghai "has attracted the highest volumes of financial sector <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> in the Asia-Pacific region in the 12 months to the end of January 2014."<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/FDi_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="FDi magazine">fDi magazine</a></i> named Shanghai the "Chinese Province of the Future 2014/15" due to "particularly impressive performances in the Business Friendliness and Connectivity categories, as well as placing second in the Economic Potential and Human Capital and Lifestyle categories."<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG/250px-F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG/330px-F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG/500px-F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/F-22P" class="mw-redirect" title="F-22P">F-22P</a> frigate built by <a href="/wiki/Hudong%E2%80%93Zhonghua_Shipbuilding" title="Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding">Hudong-Zhonghua</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As one of the main industrial centers of China, Shanghai plays a key role in domestic manufacturing and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a>. Several industrial zones—including Shanghai Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jinqiao Export Economic Processing Zone, Minhang Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Shanghai Caohejing High-Tech Development Zone—are backbones of Shanghai's <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sector">secondary sector</a>. Shanghai is home to China's largest steelmaker <a href="/wiki/Baosteel_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Baosteel Group">Baosteel Group</a>, China's largest <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> base <a href="/wiki/Hudong%E2%80%93Zhonghua_Shipbuilding" title="Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding">Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group</a>, and one of China's oldest shipbuilders, the <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Shipyard" title="Jiangnan Shipyard">Jiangnan Shipyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auto manufacturing is another important industry. The Shanghai-based <a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC Motor</a> is one of the three largest automotive corporations in China, and has strategic partnerships with <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company ranked 84 on the Fortune Global 500 list in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%931976)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)">Mao era</a>, Shanghai's economy primarily focused on light industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 1–2">: 1–2 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Shanghai" title="List of tourist attractions in Shanghai">List of tourist attractions in Shanghai</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Nanjing_Road_at_night,_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Nanjing Pedestrian Street at night. This is a popular commercial center in Shanghai." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/East_Nanjing_Road_at_night%2C_Shanghai.jpg/250px-East_Nanjing_Road_at_night%2C_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/East_Nanjing_Road_at_night%2C_Shanghai.jpg/330px-East_Nanjing_Road_at_night%2C_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/East_Nanjing_Road_at_night%2C_Shanghai.jpg/500px-East_Nanjing_Road_at_night%2C_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road" title="Nanjing Road">Nanjing Road</a> near The Bund at night. This is a popular commercial center in Shanghai.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism is a major industry of Shanghai. In 2017, the number of domestic tourists increased by 7.5% to 318 million, while the number of overseas tourists increased by 2.2% to 8.73 million.<sup id="cite_ref-hktdc.com_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hktdc.com-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Shanghai was the highest earning tourist city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Shanghai had 57 <a href="/wiki/Five_star_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Five star hotel">five-star hotels</a>, 52 <a href="/wiki/Four_star_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Four star hotel">four star hotels</a>, 1,942 <a href="/wiki/Travel_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel agencies">travel agencies</a>, 144 <a href="/wiki/Tourist_Attraction_Rating_Categories_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist Attraction Rating Categories of China">rated tourist attractions</a>, and 34 <a href="/wiki/Red_tourism" title="Red tourism">red tourist</a> attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Shanghai's tourism industry generated an added value of CN¥177.12 billion (US$24.53 billion), marking a remarkable 98.5% increase compared to the previous year. The city welcomed a total of 3.64 million tourists, a 4.8-fold growth compared to 2022. The number of foreign tourists reached 2.41 million with a 5.2-fold increase.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conference and meeting sector is also growing. According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Congress_and_Convention_Association" title="International Congress and Convention Association">International Congress and Convention Association</a>, Shanghai hosted 82 international meetings in 2018, a 34% increase from 61 in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free-trade_zone">Free-trade zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Free-trade zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Shanghai Free-Trade Zone">Shanghai Free-Trade Zone</a></div> <p>Shanghai is home to China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it is also the second largest free-trade zone in mainland China in terms of land area (behind <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hainan_Free_Trade_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hainan Free Trade Zone (page does not exist)">Hainan Free Trade Zone</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%88%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%EF%BC%89%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:中国（海南）自由贸易试验区">zh</a>]</span>, which covers the whole <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> province<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) by covering an area of 240.22 km<sup>2</sup> (92.75 sq mi) and integrating four existing bonded zones—Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Logistics Park, Yangshan Free Trade Port Area, and Pudong Airport Comprehensive Free Trade Zone.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industrial chain of port logistics has shaped the future development direction of the free-trade zone in Shanghai. Currently, two port chain centers have been approved for construction in Waigaoqiao and Yangshan.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several preferential policies have been implemented to attract foreign investment in various industries to the zone. Because the zone is not technically considered Chinese territory for tax purposes, commodities entering the zone are exempt from duty and customs clearance.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Shanghai" title="Demographics of Shanghai">Demographics of Shanghai</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1953_Chinese_census" title="1953 Chinese census">1953</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,258,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1964_Chinese_census" title="1964 Chinese census">1964</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,423,017</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1982_Chinese_census" title="1982 Chinese census">1982</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,320,829</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1990_Chinese_census" title="1990 Chinese census">1990</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,348,299</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/2000_Chinese_census" title="2000 Chinese census">2000</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">14,489,919</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+73.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2010_Chinese_census" title="2010 Chinese census">2010</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,555,098</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,209,380</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_in_China" title="Census in China">Census in China</a><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Shanghai had a total population of 24,874,500, including 14,801,700 (59.5%) <a href="/wiki/Hukou" title="Hukou">hukou</a> holders (registered locally).<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 89.3% of Shanghai's population live in urban areas, and 10.7% live in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_165-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the population of its total administrative area, Shanghai is the second largest of the four municipalities of China, behind <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, but is generally considered the largest Chinese city because the urban population of Chongqing is much smaller.<sup id="cite_ref-chan_paper_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chan_paper-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, Shanghai's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> has an estimated population of 34 million.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau, about 157,900 residents in Shanghai are foreigners, including 28,900 Japanese, 21,900 Americans and 20,800 Koreans.<sup id="cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.11_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.11-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual number of foreign citizens in the city is probably much higher.<sup id="cite_ref-wpr_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpr-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai is also a domestic immigration city—40.3% (9.8 million) of the city's residents are from other regions of China.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai has a <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> of 83.18 years for the city's registered population,<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the highest life expectancy of <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_life_expectancy" title="List of cities in China by life expectancy">all cities in mainland China</a>. This has also caused the city to <a href="/wiki/Aging_of_China" title="Aging of China">experience population aging</a>—in 2021, 17.4% (4.3 million) of the city's registered population was aged 65 or above.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the Chinese government implemented population controls for Shanghai, resulting in a population decline of 10,000 people by the end of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on Chinese Wikipedia: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="zh:上海宗教">上海宗教</a></span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion in China</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai,_China_(Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg/150px-Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg/225px-Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg/300px-Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>Bird's-eye view of the golden <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_Temple" title="Jing'an Temple">Jing'an Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to its cosmopolitan history, Shanghai has a blend of religious heritage; religious buildings and institutions are scattered around the city. According to a 2012 survey, only 13.1% of the city's population belongs to organized religions, including <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a> with 10.4%, <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> with 1.9%, <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> with 0.7%, and other faiths with 0.1% while the remaining 86.9% of the population could be either <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a> or involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">worship of nature deities and ancestors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">folk religious sects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religion in Shanghai (2012):</div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#C00000;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Chinese folk religion, or atheist (87.46%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Yellow;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (10.3%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DodgerBlue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (1.88%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Green;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (0.36%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:Green;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Islam (0.36%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:#C00000;color:#000" title="Chinese folk religion, or atheist (87.46%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:#C00000;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.375turn)" title="Chinese folk religion, or atheist (87.46%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:Yellow;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.875turn)" title="Buddhism (10.3%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:Yellow;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.908turn)" title="Buddhism (10.3%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.978turn); background:DodgerBlue;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 11.99508981% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Christianity (1.88%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>Buddhism, in its <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese varieties</a>, has had a presence in Shanghai since the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, during which the <a href="/wiki/Longhua_Temple" title="Longhua Temple">Longhua Temple</a>—the largest temple in Shanghai—and the <a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_Temple" title="Jing'an Temple">Jing'an Temple</a> were founded.<sup id="cite_ref-Buddhism_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buddhism-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another significant temple is the <a href="/wiki/Jade_Buddha_Temple" title="Jade Buddha Temple">Jade Buddha Temple</a>, which was named after a large statue of <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> carved out of <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> in the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Buddhism in Shanghai had 114 temples, 1,182 <a href="/wiki/Clergy#Buddhism" title="Clergy">clergical staff</a>, and 453,300 registered followers.<sup id="cite_ref-Buddhism_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buddhism-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The religion also has its own college, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Buddhist_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Buddhist College (page does not exist)">Shanghai Buddhist College</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:上海佛学院">zh</a>]</span>, and its own press, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Buddhological_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Buddhological Press (page does not exist)">Shanghai Buddhological Press</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:上海佛学书局">zh</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_of_St._Ignatius_Cathedral,_Shanghai_%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E7%BA%B3%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Photo_of_St._Ignatius_Cathedral%2C_Shanghai_%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E7%BA%B3%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82.jpg/170px-Photo_of_St._Ignatius_Cathedral%2C_Shanghai_%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E7%BA%B3%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Photo_of_St._Ignatius_Cathedral%2C_Shanghai_%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E7%BA%B3%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82.jpg/255px-Photo_of_St._Ignatius_Cathedral%2C_Shanghai_%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E7%BA%B3%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Photo_of_St._Ignatius_Cathedral%2C_Shanghai_%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E7%BA%B3%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82.jpg/340px-Photo_of_St._Ignatius_Cathedral%2C_Shanghai_%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E7%BA%B3%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1706" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/St._Ignatius_Cathedral" title="St. Ignatius Cathedral">St. Ignatius Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Catholicism was brought into Shanghai in 1608 by Italian missionary <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Cattaneo" title="Lazzaro Cattaneo">Lazzaro Cattaneo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Vicariate">Apostolic Vicariate</a> of Shanghai was erected in 1933, and was further elevated to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Shanghai" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai">Diocese of Shanghai</a> in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable Catholic sites include the <a href="/wiki/St._Ignatius_Cathedral" title="St. Ignatius Cathedral">St. Ignatius Cathedral</a> in Xujiahui—the largest Catholic church in the city,<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_Church_(Shanghai)" title="St. Francis Xavier Church (Shanghai)">St. Francis Xavier Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/She_Shan_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="She Shan Basilica">She Shan Basilica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other forms of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Shanghai" title="Christianity in Shanghai">Christianity in Shanghai</a> include <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> minorities and, since 1996, registered Christian Protestant churches. The Protestant <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Church,_Shanghai" title="All Saints Church, Shanghai">All Saints Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Huangpu,_Shanghai" title="Huangpu, Shanghai">Huangpu</a> was built in 1925 and features a <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Neo-Romanesque</a> tower. Shanghai has long had the highest concentration of urban <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholics in China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 38">: 38 </span></sup> </p><p>Although currently making up a fraction of the religious population in Shanghai, Jewish people have played an influential role in the city's history. After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">Treaty of Nanking</a> ended the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> in 1842, the city was opened up to western populations and merchants traveled to Shanghai for its rich business potential, including many prominent Jewish families. The <a href="/wiki/Sassoon_family" title="Sassoon family">Sassoons</a> amassed great wealth in the opium and textile trades, cementing their status by funding many of the buildings that have become iconic in Shanghai's skyline, such as the Cathay Hotel in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-ShanghaiJews_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShanghaiJews-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hardoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardoon">Hardoons</a> were another prominent Baghdadi Jewish family that used their business success to define Shanghai in the 20th century. The head of the family, Silas Hardoon, one of the richest people in the world during the 1800s, financed <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road" title="Nanjing Road">Nanjing Road</a>, which then housed departmental stores in the International Settlement, that is now one of the busiest shopping centers in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-ShanghaiJews_219-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShanghaiJews-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, thousands of Jews emigrated to Shanghai in an effort to flee <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. They lived in a designated area called the Shanghai Ghetto and formed a community centered on the Ohel Moishe Synagogue, which is now the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jewish_Refugees_Museum" title="Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum">Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939, Horace <a href="/wiki/Kadoorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadoorie">Kadoorie</a>, the head of the powerful philanthropic Sephardic Jewish family in Shanghai, founded the Shanghai Jewish Youth Association to support Jewish refugees through English education so they would be prepared to emigrate from Shanghai when the time came.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> came into Shanghai during the Yuan dynasty. The city's first mosque, <a href="/wiki/Songjiang_Mosque" title="Songjiang Mosque">Songjiang Mosque</a>, was built during the Zhizheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">至正</span></span>) era under <a href="/wiki/Toghon_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Toghon Temür">Emperor Huizong</a> (reigned 1333 – 1368). Shanghai's <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> population increased in the 19th and early 20th centuries (when the city was a treaty port), during which time many mosques—including the <a href="/wiki/Xiaotaoyuan_Mosque" title="Xiaotaoyuan Mosque">Xiaotaoyuan Mosque</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Huxi_Mosque" title="Huxi Mosque">Huxi Mosque</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pudong_Mosque" title="Pudong Mosque">Pudong Mosque</a>—were built. The Shanghai Islamic Association is located in the Xiaotaoyuan Mosque in Huangpu.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the sixth <a href="/wiki/Census_in_China" title="Census in China">census of China</a> in 2010, there are an estimated 85,000 Muslims in Shanghai, compared from 20,000 in 1949 and 7,000 in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai has several folk religious temples, including the City God Temple at the heart of the Old City, the <a href="/wiki/Dajing_Ge_Pavilion" title="Dajing Ge Pavilion">Dajing Ge Pavilion</a> dedicated to the Three Kingdoms general <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Confucian_Temple_of_Shanghai" title="Confucian Temple of Shanghai">Confucian Temple of Shanghai</a>, and a major Taoist center <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai White Cloud Temple (page does not exist)">Shanghai White Cloud Temple</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E8%A7%82" class="extiw" title="zh:海上白云观">zh</a>]</span> where the Shanghai Taoist Association locates.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ability to speak the following dialects/languages in Shanghai (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Languages</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">%</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;">Can Speak</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#CC2222; width:97.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">97.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gold; width:81.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">81.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:47.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">47.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Other Chinese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:YellowGreen; width:29.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other foreign languages</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:CadetBlue; width:7.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.8%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;"><small><a href="/wiki/Survey_sampling" title="Survey sampling">Sampled</a> among residents ≥ 13 years old.</small></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> language spoken in the city is Shanghainese, part of the <a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Taihu Wu</a> subgroup of the <a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu Chinese</a> language family. This is different from the national language, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>, which is mutually unintelligible with Wu Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Shanghainese derives from the indigenous Wu spoken in the former Songjiang prefecture but has been influenced by other dialects of Taihu Wu, most notably <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" title="Suzhou dialect">Suzhounese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ningbo_dialect" title="Ningbo dialect">Ningbonese</a><sup id="cite_ref-CZMShanghainese_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZMShanghainese-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to its expansion, the language spoken in Shanghai was not as prominent as those spoken around <a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CZMShanghainese_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZMShanghainese-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was known as "the local tongue" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">本地閑話</span></span>), a name which is now used in suburbs only.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 19th century, downtown Shanghainese (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">市區閑話</span></span> or simply <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">上海閑話</span></span>) appeared, undergoing rapid changes and quickly replacing Suzhounese as the <a href="/wiki/Prestige_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestige dialect">prestige dialect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a> region. At the time, most of the immigration into the city came from the two adjacent provinces, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the local dialects of which had the greatest influence on Shanghainese. After 1949, Putonghua (Standard Mandarin) has also had a great impact on Shanghainese as a result of being rigorously promoted by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-CZMShanghainese_227-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZMShanghainese-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1990s, many migrants outside of the Wu-speaking region have come to Shanghai for education and jobs. They often cannot speak the local language and therefore use Putonghua (Mandarin) as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>. Because Putonghua and English were more favored, Shanghainese began to decline, and fluency among young speakers weakened. In recent years, there have been movements within the city to promote the local language and protect it from fading out.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Shanghai" title="Education in Shanghai">Education in Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education in China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">Higher education in China</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shanghai" title="List of universities and colleges in Shanghai">List of universities and colleges in Shanghai</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">Rankings of universities in China</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">List of universities in China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg/170px-Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg/255px-Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg/340px-Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a> Library</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is an international center of research and development and as of 2024, it was ranked <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">second globally</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>) by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a major center of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">higher education in China</a>. As of 2023, Shanghai had 68 universities and colleges, ranking first in <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East China</a> region as a city with most higher education institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai has many highly ranked educational institutions,<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 15 universities listed in <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">147 Double First-Class Universities</a> ranking second nationwide among all cities in China (after Beijing). A number of <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">China's most prestigious universities</a> appearing in the global university rankings are based in Shanghai, including <a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji University</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_China_Normal_University" title="East China Normal University">East China Normal University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University" title="Shanghai University">Shanghai University</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_China_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="East China University of Science and Technology">East China University of Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donghua_University" title="Donghua University">Donghua University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shanghai University of Finance and Economics">Shanghai University of Finance and Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/ShanghaiTech_University" title="ShanghaiTech University">ShanghaiTech University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Studies_University" title="Shanghai International Studies University">Shanghai International Studies University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Shanghai_for_Science_and_Technology" title="University of Shanghai for Science and Technology">University of Shanghai for Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Electric_Power" title="Shanghai University of Electric Power">Shanghai University of Electric Power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Normal_University" title="Shanghai Normal University">Shanghai Normal University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Maritime_University" title="Shanghai Maritime University">Shanghai Maritime University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Military_Medical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Military Medical University">Second Military Medical University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Ocean_University" title="Shanghai Ocean University">Shanghai Ocean University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Engineering_Science" title="Shanghai University of Engineering Science">Shanghai University of Engineering Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Institute_of_Technology" title="Shanghai Institute of Technology">Shanghai Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Shanghai Conservatory of Music">Shanghai Conservatory of Music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Sport" title="Shanghai University of Sport">Shanghai University of Sport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021_234-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these universities were selected as "<a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">985 universities</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">211 universities</a>" since the 90s by the Chinese government in order to build world-class universities.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fudan-guanghualou2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fudan-guanghualou2.jpg/220px-Fudan-guanghualou2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fudan-guanghualou2.jpg/330px-Fudan-guanghualou2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fudan-guanghualou2.jpg/440px-Fudan-guanghualou2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is a seat of two members (<a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/C9_League" title="C9 League">C9 League</a>, an alliance of elite Chinese universities offering comprehensive and leading education,<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these two universities are ranked consistently in the Asia top 10,<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the global top 100 <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research comprehensive universities</a> according to the most influential university rankings in the world such as <a href="/wiki/QS_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="QS Rankings">QS Rankings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai rankings">Shanghai Rankings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education Rankings</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_Universities_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking"><i>U.S. News & World Report</i> Best Global Universities Ranking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021_234-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fudan University established a joint <a href="/wiki/Executive_MBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive MBA">EMBA</a> program with <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> in 2002 which has since consistently been ranked as one of the best in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other two members of the "<a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a>," <a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji University</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_China_Normal_University" title="East China Normal University">East China Normal University</a>, are also based in Shanghai and internationally; they are regarded as one of the most reputable <a href="/wiki/Chinese_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese universities">Chinese universities</a> by the <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_Reputation_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings">Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings</a></i> where they ranked 150–175th globally.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Sport" title="Shanghai University of Sport">Shanghai University of Sport</a>, which consistently ranks the best in China among universities specialized in sports.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, Shanghai University of Sport ranks #1 in Asia and #29 globally according to the "Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments" released by <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Shanghai Ranking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has many <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese%E2%80%93foreign_joint_education_institutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese–foreign joint education institutes (page does not exist)">Chinese–foreign joint education institutes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%96%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%8A%9E%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="zh:中外合作办学">zh</a>]</span>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University" title="Shanghai University">Shanghai University</a>–<a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology_Sydney" title="University of Technology Sydney">University of Technology Sydney</a> Business School since 1994, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute since 2006, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Shanghai" title="New York University Shanghai">New York University Shanghai</a>—the first China–U.S. joint venture university—since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the Shanghai Municipality and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/ShanghaiTech_University" title="ShanghaiTech University">ShanghaiTech University</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Zhangjiang_Hi-Tech_Park" title="Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park">Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park</a> in Pudong.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai is also home to the cadre school <a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_in_Pudong" class="mw-redirect" title="China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong">China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/China_Europe_International_Business_School" title="China Europe International Business School">China Europe International Business School</a>. The city government's education agency is the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Education_Commission" title="Shanghai Municipal Education Commission">Shanghai Municipal Education Commission</a>. </p><p>The city is also a seat of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences">Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s oldest <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>. It is the largest one outside the capital of Beijing after the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 2023, the city also had a total of 49 institutions for postgraduate education, 68 institutions for higher education, 900 secondary schools, 70 vocational schools, 664 primary schools, and 31 special education schools.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Shanghai, the nine years of <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a>—including five years of <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> and four years of <a href="/wiki/Education_in_China#Junior_secondary" title="Education in China">junior secondary</a> education—are free, with a <a href="/wiki/Gross_enrollment_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross enrollment ratio">gross enrollment ratio</a> of over 99.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's compulsory education system is among the best in the world: in 2009 and 2012, 15-year-old students from Shanghai ranked first in every subject (math, reading, and science) in the <a href="/wiki/Program_for_International_Student_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Program for International Student Assessment">Program for International Student Assessment</a>, a worldwide study of academic performance conducted by the OECD.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The consecutive three-year <a href="/wiki/Senior_secondary_education" title="Senior secondary education">senior secondary education</a> is priced and uses the <a href="/wiki/Senior_High_School_Entrance_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior High School Entrance Examination">Senior High School Entrance Examination</a> (<i>Zhongkao</i>) as a selection process, with a gross enrollment ratio of 98%.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among all senior high schools, the four with the best teaching quality—<a href="/wiki/Shanghai_High_School" title="Shanghai High School">Shanghai High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/No._2_High_School_Attached_to_East_China_Normal_University" title="No. 2 High School Attached to East China Normal University">No. 2 High School Attached to East China Normal University</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_School_Affiliated_to_Fudan_University" class="mw-redirect" title="High School Affiliated to Fudan University">High School Affiliated to Fudan University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High_School_Affiliated_to_Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University">High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a>—are termed "The Four Schools" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">"四校"</span></span>) of Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the city's <a href="/wiki/National_College_Entrance_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="National College Entrance Examination">National College Entrance Examination</a> (<i>Gaokao</i>) is structured under the "3+3" system, in which all general senior high school students study three compulsory subjects (Chinese, English, and math) and three subjects chosen from six options (physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, and politics).<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Shanghai" title="Transport in Shanghai">Transport in Shanghai</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public">Public</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Public"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Metro_09A04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Shanghai_Metro_09A04.jpg/250px-Shanghai_Metro_09A04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Shanghai_Metro_09A04.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Metro_09A04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Shanghai_Metro_09A04.jpg/500px-Shanghai_Metro_09A04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6053" data-file-height="4212" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Line_9_(Shanghai_Metro)" title="Line 9 (Shanghai Metro)">Line 9</a> train on the Shanghai Metro, <a href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems" title="List of metro systems">the longest metro system in the world</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png/220px-Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png/330px-Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png/440px-Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Shanghai Metro Network</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai has an extensive public transportation system comprising metros, buses, ferries, and taxis, all of which can be accessed using a <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Public_Transport_Card" title="Shanghai Public Transport Card">Shanghai Public Transport Card</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai's rapid transit system, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metro" title="Shanghai Metro">Shanghai Metro</a>, incorporates both subway and light metro lines and extends to every core urban district as well as neighboring suburban districts. As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are 19 metro lines (excluding the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_maglev_train" title="Shanghai maglev train">Shanghai maglev train</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jinshan_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan railway">Jinshan railway</a>), 515 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Shanghai_Metro_stations" title="List of Shanghai Metro stations">stations</a>, and 803 km (499 mi) of lines in operation, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems" title="List of metro systems">longest network in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 March 2019, it set the city's daily metro ridership record with 13.3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ridership_record_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ridership_record-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average fare ranges from CN¥3 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$0.48</span>) to CN¥9 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.28</span>), depending on the travel distance.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg/220px-A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg/330px-A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg/440px-A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="1259" /></a><figcaption>A maglev train leaving <a href="/wiki/Pudong_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudong International Airport">Pudong International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Opened in 2004, the Shanghai maglev train is the first and the fastest commercial high-speed <a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">maglev</a> in the world, with a maximum operation speed of 430 km/h (267 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The train can complete the 30-kilometer (19 mi) journey between <a href="/wiki/Longyang_Road_station" title="Longyang Road station">Longyang Road station</a> and Pudong International Airport in 7 minutes 20 seconds,<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comparing to 32 minutes by <a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Shanghai_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Shanghai Metro)">Metro Line 2</a><sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 30 minutes by car.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A one-way ticket costs CN¥50 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$8</span>), or CN¥40 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$6.40</span>) for those with airline tickets or public transportation cards. A round-trip ticket costs CN¥80 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$12.80</span>), and VIP tickets cost double the standard fare.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the first tram line been in service in 1908, trams were once popular <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Shanghai_(1908%E2%80%931975)" title="Trams in Shanghai (1908–1975)">in Shanghai</a> in the early 20th century. By 1925, there were 328 tramcars and 14 routes operated by Chinese, French, and British companies collaboratively,<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of which were <a href="/wiki/Nationalized" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalized">nationalized</a> after the PRC's victory in 1949. Since the 1960s, many tram lines were either dismantled or replaced by <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Motorbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorbus">motorbus</a> lines;<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last tram line was demolished in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai reintroduced trams in 2010, as a modern rubber-tire <a href="/wiki/Translohr" title="Translohr">Translohr</a> system in Zhangjiang area of East Shanghai as <a href="/wiki/Zhangjiang_Tram" title="Zhangjiang Tram">Zhangjiang Tram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the steel wheeled <a href="/wiki/Songjiang_Tram" title="Songjiang Tram">Songjiang Tram</a> started operating in Songjiang District.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional tram lines are under planning in <a href="/wiki/Hongqiao_Subdistrict,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongqiao Subdistrict, Shanghai">Hongqiao Subdistrict</a> and Jiading District as of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B2%AAA57050D_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E6%B2%AAA57050D_20.jpg/220px-%E6%B2%AAA57050D_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E6%B2%AAA57050D_20.jpg/330px-%E6%B2%AAA57050D_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%E6%B2%AAA57050D_20.jpg/440px-%E6%B2%AAA57050D_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="1630" /></a><figcaption>The Shanghai Trolleybus network is currently the oldest in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai also has the world's most extensive <a href="/wiki/Buses_in_Shanghai" title="Buses in Shanghai">bus network</a>, including the world's oldest continuously operating <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Shanghai" title="Trolleybuses in Shanghai">trolleybus system</a>, with 1,575 lines covering a total length of 8,997 km (5,590 mi) by 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system is operated by multiple companies.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bus fares generally cost CN¥2 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$0.32</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai also has three bus rapid transit systems, namely the <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Road_Medium_Capacity_Bus_Transit_System" title="Yan'an Road Medium Capacity Bus Transit System">Yan'an Road Medium Capacity Bus Transit System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fengpu_Express" title="Fengpu Express">Fengpu Express</a> and Nantuan Express. </p><p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a total of 40,000 taxis were in operation in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The base fare for taxis is CN¥14 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2.24</span>), which covers the first 3 km (2 mi) and includes a CN¥1 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$0.14</span>) fuel surcharge. The base fare is CN¥18 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2.55</span>) between 11:00 pm and 5:00 am. Each additional kilometer costs CN¥2.7 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$0.45</span>), or CN¥4.05 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$0.67</span>) between 11:00 pm and 5:00 am.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicabs</a> and <a href="/wiki/DiDi" title="DiDi">DiDi</a> play major roles in urban transportation and DiDi is often cheaper than taxis.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2021, Shanghai Metro has 459 stations and 772 km. The scale of operation is the first in the world. in 2017, the average daily passenger traffic of the Shanghai metro was 9.693 million, and the total passenger traffic reached 3.538 billion. It is one of the busiest metro cities in the world. The metro lines cover the central city densely and connect most districts and counties.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads_and_expressways">Roads and expressways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Roads and expressways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Shanghai" title="Expressways of Shanghai">Expressways of Shanghai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange,_Shanghai,_China_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/330px-Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/440px-Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">Interchange</a> between <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Elevated_Road" title="Yan'an Elevated Road">Yan'an Elevated Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Elevated_Road_(Shanghai)" title="North–South Elevated Road (Shanghai)">North–South Elevated Road</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is a major hub of <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">China's expressway network</a>. Many national expressways (prefixed with the letter G) pass through or end in Shanghai, including <a href="/wiki/G2_Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_Expressway" title="G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway">Jinghu Expressway</a> (overlaps with <a href="/wiki/G42_Shanghai%E2%80%93Chengdu_Expressway" title="G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway">Hurong Expressway</a>), <a href="/wiki/G15_Shenyang%E2%80%93Haikou_Expressway" title="G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway">Shenhai Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/G40_Shanghai%E2%80%93Xi%27an_Expressway" title="G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway">Hushaan Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/G50_Shanghai%E2%80%93Chongqing_Expressway" title="G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway">Huyu Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/G60_Shanghai%E2%80%93Kunming_Expressway" title="G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway">Hukun Expressway</a> (overlaps with <a href="/wiki/G92_Hangzhou_Bay_Ring_Expressway" title="G92 Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway">Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway</a>), and <a href="/wiki/G1503_Shanghai_Ring_Expressway" title="G1503 Shanghai Ring Expressway">Shanghai Ring Expressway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-expresswayshanghai_278-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expresswayshanghai-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also numerous municipal expressways prefixed with the letter S.<sup id="cite_ref-expresswayshanghai_278-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expresswayshanghai-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, Shanghai has a total of 12 bridges and 14 tunnels crossing the Huangpu River.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Yangtze_River_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge">Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge</a> is the city's only <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_bridges_and_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River bridges and tunnels">bridge–tunnel complex across Yangtze River</a>. </p><p>The expressway network within the city center consists of <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Elevated_Road_(Shanghai)" title="North–South Elevated Road (Shanghai)">North–South Elevated Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Elevated_Road" title="Yan'an Elevated Road">Yan'an Elevated Road</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road_(Shanghai)" title="Inner Ring Road (Shanghai)">Inner Ring Road</a>. Other ring roads in Shanghai include <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ring_Road_(Shanghai)" title="Middle Ring Road (Shanghai)">Middle Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Outer_Ring_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Outer Ring Expressway">Outer Ring Expressway</a>, and Shanghai Ring Expressway. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shared_bikes_on_Hongqiao_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shared_bikes_on_Hongqiao_Road.jpg/250px-Shared_bikes_on_Hongqiao_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shared_bikes_on_Hongqiao_Road.jpg/330px-Shared_bikes_on_Hongqiao_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shared_bikes_on_Hongqiao_Road.jpg/500px-Shared_bikes_on_Hongqiao_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Bicycle-sharing systems, such as Mobike (yellow), Hello (blue), and DiDi Bike (lime), are common in Shanghai.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bicycle lanes are common in Shanghai, separating non-motorized traffic from car traffic on most surface streets. However, on some main roads, including all expressways, bicycles and motorcycles are banned. In recent years, cycling has seen a resurgence in popularity due to the emergence of a large number of dockless app-based <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bicycle-sharing systems</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mobike" title="Mobike">Mobike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hello_(Chinese_company)" title="Hello (Chinese company)">Hello</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=DiDi_Bike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DiDi Bike (page does not exist)">DiDi Bike</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E6%BB%B4%E9%9D%92%E6%A1%94" class="extiw" title="zh:滴滴青桔">zh</a>]</span> .<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, bicycle-sharing systems had an average of 1.15 million daily riders within the city.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Private car ownership in Shanghai is rapidly increasing: in 2019, there were 3.40 million private cars in the city, a 12.5% increase from 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New private cars cannot be driven without a <a href="/wiki/License_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="License plate">license plate</a>, which are sold in monthly license plate auctions. Around 9,500 license plates are auctioned each month, and the average price is about CN¥89,600 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$12,739</span>) in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the city's vehicle regulations introduced in June 2016, only locally registered residents and those who have paid social insurance or individual income taxes for over three years are eligible to be in the auction. The purpose of this policy is to limit the growth of automobile traffic and alleviate congestion.<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public transport, biking infrastructure, walkability, generally permits to live in the city without a car.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>License plates for fully electric cars or plug-in hybrid vehicles are free.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 168">: 168 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Railway_Station_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Shanghai_Railway_Station_4.jpg/220px-Shanghai_Railway_Station_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Shanghai_Railway_Station_4.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Railway_Station_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Shanghai_Railway_Station_4.jpg/440px-Shanghai_Railway_Station_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3527" data-file-height="2644" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_railway_station" title="Shanghai railway station">Shanghai railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai has four major railway stations: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_railway_station" title="Shanghai railway station">Shanghai railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_South_railway_station" title="Shanghai South railway station">Shanghai South railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_West_railway_station" title="Shanghai West railway station">Shanghai West railway station</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Hongqiao_railway_station" title="Shanghai Hongqiao railway station">Shanghai Hongqiao railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All are connected to the metro network and serve as hubs in the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the People's Republic of China">railway network of China</a>. And now Shanghai has around twenty railway lines running under this city, which largely facilitate people's life in Shanghai. </p><p>Built in 1876, the <a href="/wiki/Woosung_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Woosung Road">Woosung railway</a> was the first railway in Shanghai and the first railway in operation in China<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1909, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Nanjing_railway" title="Shanghai–Nanjing railway">Shanghai–Nanjing railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Hangzhou_railway" title="Shanghai–Hangzhou railway">Shanghai–Hangzhou railway</a> were in service.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the two railways have been integrated into two main railways in China: <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_railway" title="Beijing–Shanghai railway">Beijing–Shanghai railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Kunming_railway" title="Shanghai–Kunming railway">Shanghai–Kunming railway</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Cihai_294-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cihai-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai has four high-speed railways (HSRs): <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_high-speed_railway" title="Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway">Beijing–Shanghai HSR</a> (overlaps with <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Wuhan%E2%80%93Chengdu_passenger_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu passenger railway">Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu passenger railway</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Nanjing_intercity_railway" title="Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway">Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Kunming_high-speed_railway" title="Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway">Shanghai–Kunming HSR</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Nantong_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai–Nantong railway">Shanghai–Nantong railway</a>. One HSR is under construction: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Suzhou%E2%80%93Huzhou_high-speed_railway" title="Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou high-speed railway">Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou HSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai also has four <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metropolitan_Area_Intercity_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway">commuter railways</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pudong_railway" title="Pudong railway">Pudong railway</a> (passenger service is currently suspended) and <a href="/wiki/Jinshan_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan railway">Jinshan railway</a> operated by <a href="/wiki/China_Railway" title="China Railway">China Railway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Line_16_(Shanghai_Metro)" title="Line 16 (Shanghai Metro)">Line 16</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_17_(Shanghai_Metro)" title="Line 17 (Shanghai Metro)">Line 17</a> operated by Shanghai Metro.<sup id="cite_ref-envir20160218_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envir20160218-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-envir20160418_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envir20160418-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, four additional lines—<a href="/wiki/Chongming_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongming line">Chongming line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiamin_line" title="Jiamin line">Jiamin line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport_Link_line_(Shanghai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Link line (Shanghai)">Airport link line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lianggang_Express_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianggang Express line">Lianggang Express line</a>—are under construction.<sup id="cite_ref-envir20160418_298-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envir20160418-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_and_sea">Air and sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Air and sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">Port of Shanghai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg/220px-Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg/440px-Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Inside Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is one of the largest air transportation hubs in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has two commercial airports: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport" title="Shanghai Pudong International Airport">Shanghai Pudong International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Hongqiao_International_Airport" title="Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport">Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pudong International Airport is the primary international airport, while Hongqiao International Airport mainly operates domestic flights with limited short-haul international flights. In 2018, Pudong International Airport served 74.0 million passengers and handled 3.8 million tons of cargo, making it the ninth-busiest airport by passenger volume and third-busiest airport by cargo volume.<sup id="cite_ref-aerodata_302-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aerodata-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, Hongqiao International Airport served 43.6 million passengers, making it the 19th-busiest airport by passenger volume.<sup id="cite_ref-aerodata_302-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aerodata-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg/220px-Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg/330px-Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg/440px-Yangshan-Port-Balanced.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Due to <a href="/wiki/Yangshan_Port" title="Yangshan Port">Yangshan Port</a>, Shanghai has become the world's busiest container port.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since its opening, the Port of Shanghai has rapidly grown to become the largest port in China.<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yangshan Port was built in 2005 because the river was unsuitable for docking large <a href="/wiki/Container_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Container ships">container ships</a>. The port is connected with the mainland through the 32-kilometer (20 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Donghai_Bridge" title="Donghai Bridge">Donghai Bridge</a>. Although the port is run by the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Port_Group" title="Shanghai International Port Group">Shanghai International Port Group</a> under the government of Shanghai, it administratively belongs to Shengsi County, Zhejiang.<sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overtaking the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Singapore" title="Port of Singapore">Port of Singapore</a> in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Port of Shanghai has become <a href="/wiki/List_of_world%27s_busiest_container_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of world's busiest container ports">world's busiest container port</a> with an annual <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEU</a> transportation of 42 million in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd's2019_307-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd's2019-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides cargo, the Port of Shanghai handled 259 cruises and 1.89 million passengers in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-SHECO2019_174-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai is part of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Maritime_Silk_Road" title="21st Century Maritime Silk Road">21st Century Maritime Silk Road</a> that runs from the Chinese coast to the south via the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, from there to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> with its rail connections to <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urban Plan and infrastructure </p><p>After the opening of the port, Shanghai carried out a large number of municipal constructions by the Public Concession Municipal Council, including power plants and water plants. The "Greater Shanghai Plan" formulated in 1927 was the earliest urban master plan for Shanghai. Now, Shanghai's urban planning is carried out in accordance with the "Shanghai Urban Master Plan" (1999–2020) approved by the State Council in May 2001, with the construction of an international economic, financial, trade and shipping center as the core. In the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall, you can see the corresponding urban planning model within the scope of more than 100 square kilometers of the inner ring road made at a scale of 1:500. </p><p>Yangshupu Water Plant </p><p>In the decades after 1949, municipal construction remained at the stage of building new workers' housing and replacing electricity and water pipes. Since the 1990s, Shanghai has started large-scale municipal construction, widely promoting flat-to-slope projects (converting the flat roofs of old houses into sloped roofs) and roof water tank renovation projects. Illegal buildings and dirty roads are also rectified every year. Taking the opportunity of hosting the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, the Shanghai municipal government has carried out large-scale renovations on the city landscape, roads, and residential buildings. Shanghai has a large area of shantytowns in history. In the 1990s, 3.65 million square meters of dilapidated shanties were renovated, but the shantytowns in Caojia Village and Guangfu Road have never been started due to cost issues. The urban village landscape, which is in sharp contrast with the surrounding high-rise buildings, remains to this day. </p><p>Before Shanghai opened its port, all gardens were private gardens, the most famous of which were Yuyuan, Luxiang Garden, Guyi Garden, Qiuxia Garden, Zuibaichi, etc. After the opening of the port, public gardens began to appear, and the public garden born in 1868 was the first park. But before 1928, Chinese people were not allowed to enter the parks built by the Municipal Council and the Municipal Council. At present, except for individual parks such as Shanghai Zoo and Shanghai Wild Animal Park, park tickets have been cancelled in Shanghai. Since 2000, in order to purify the city's air and beautify the environment, Shanghai has begun to build a number of open green spaces in the city center and suburbs. By 2008, the total green area of Shanghai was 34,256 hectares, the public green area was 14,777 hectares, and the urban green coverage rate was 38%. The total forest area of the city reached nearly 100,000 hectares, and the forest coverage rate was 11.6%. </p><p>In order to solve the huge demand for funds for large-scale municipal construction since the 1990s, some officials of the Shanghai Municipal Government led a major reform of Shanghai's investment and financing system, first using the land resources in the hands of the government and introducing the financing method of land lease. During this period, Shanghai raised more than 100 billion yuan through land lease. In 1997, affected by the Asian financial crisis, Shanghai's land lease was greatly reduced, but the scale of the domestic securities market expanded rapidly, residents' savings deposits continued to grow, and social surplus funds increased. Faced with this situation, the Shanghai Municipal Government formulated policies to push profitable infrastructure projects to the market and implement social financing, and at the same time formulated a number of measures to reduce the risk of enterprises participating in financing. In the 1990s, Shanghai raised more than 200 billion yuan through social channels. At the same time, Shanghai actively draws on international experience, and through further improving development mechanisms; expanding the participation of capital markets and social insurance funds in financing; exploring the use of internationally accepted financing methods such as BOT and BOO; and increasing public financial support, further expanding the scope and capacity of financing to meet the needs of municipal construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Shanghai" title="Culture of Shanghai">Culture of Shanghai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Nights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shanghai_Nights.jpg/250px-Shanghai_Nights.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shanghai_Nights.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Nights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shanghai_Nights.jpg/500px-Shanghai_Nights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Shanghai <a href="/wiki/Citi_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Citi Bank">Citi Bank</a> Building operates a light show, shining the phrase "I love Shanghai."</figcaption></figure> <p>The culture of Shanghai was formed by a combination of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Wuyue_culture" title="Wuyue culture">Wuyue culture</a> and the "East Meets West" <a href="/wiki/Haipai" title="Haipai">Haipai</a> culture. Wuyue culture's influence is manifested in Shanghainese language—which comprises dialectal elements from nearby Jiaxing, Suzhou, and Ningbo—and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">Shanghai cuisine</a>, which was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haipai culture emerged after Shanghai became a prosperous port in the early 20th century, with numerous foreigners from Europe, America, Japan, and India moving into the city.<sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The culture fuses elements of <a href="/wiki/Western_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Western cultures">Western cultures</a> with the local Wuyue culture, and its influence extends to the city's literature, fashion, architecture, music, and cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Culture_of_Shanghai._Beijing_315-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Culture_of_Shanghai._Beijing-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term Haipai—originally referring to a painting school in Shanghai—was coined by a group of Beijing writers in 1920 to criticize some Shanghai scholars for admiring <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> and Western culture.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Culture_of_Shanghai._Beijing_315-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Culture_of_Shanghai._Beijing-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 21st century, Shanghai has been recognized as a new influence and inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_China#Shanghai" title="List of museums in China">List of museums in China § Shanghai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Art_Museum_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/China_Art_Museum_1.jpg/220px-China_Art_Museum_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/China_Art_Museum_1.jpg/330px-China_Art_Museum_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/China_Art_Museum_1.jpg/440px-China_Art_Museum_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The China Art Museum, located in <a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cultural curation in Shanghai has seen significant growth since 2013, with several new museums having been opened in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in part due to the city's 2018 development plans, which aim to make Shanghai "an excellent global city."<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, Shanghai has several museums of regional and national importance.<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shanghai Museum has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts in the world, including a large collection of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_bronze" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Chinese bronze">ancient Chinese bronzes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">ceramics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-322" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/China_Art_Museum,_Shanghai" title="China Art Museum, Shanghai">China Art Museum</a>, located in the former <a href="/wiki/China_pavilion_at_Expo_2010" title="China pavilion at Expo 2010">China pavilion at Expo 2010</a>, is one of the largest museums in Asia and displays an animated replica of the 12th century painting <a href="/wiki/Along_the_River_During_the_Qingming_Festival" title="Along the River During the Qingming Festival">Along the River During the Qingming Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-323" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Natural_History_Museum" title="Shanghai Natural History Museum">Shanghai Natural History Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Science_and_Technology_Museum" title="Shanghai Science and Technology Museum">Shanghai Science and Technology Museum</a> are notable natural history and science museums. In addition, there are numerous smaller, specialist museums housed in important archeological and historical sites, such as the <a href="/wiki/Songze_culture" title="Songze culture">Songze</a> Museum,<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Site_of_the_First_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum, and the Shanghai Post Office Museum (located in the <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office_Building,_Shanghai" title="General Post Office Building, Shanghai">General Post Office Building</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shanghainese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghainese cuisine">Shanghainese cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiao_Long_Bao_at_Nanxiang_Mantou_Dian_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Xiao_Long_Bao_at_Nanxiang_Mantou_Dian_1.jpg/250px-Xiao_Long_Bao_at_Nanxiang_Mantou_Dian_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Xiao_Long_Bao_at_Nanxiang_Mantou_Dian_1.jpg/330px-Xiao_Long_Bao_at_Nanxiang_Mantou_Dian_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Xiao_Long_Bao_at_Nanxiang_Mantou_Dian_1.jpg/500px-Xiao_Long_Bao_at_Nanxiang_Mantou_Dian_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xiaolongbao" title="Xiaolongbao">Xiaolongbao</a> in Shanghai</figcaption></figure> <p>Benbang cuisine (<span lang="zh-Hans">本帮菜</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-kankanews_327-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kankanews-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is cooking style that originated in the 1600s, with influences from surrounding provinces. It emphasizes the use of condiments while retaining the original flavors of the raw ingredients. Sugar is an important ingredient in Benbang cuisine, especially when used in combination with soy sauce. Signature dishes of Benbang cuisine include <a href="/wiki/Xiaolongbao" title="Xiaolongbao">Xiaolongbao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_braised_pork_belly" title="Red braised pork belly">Red braised pork belly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mitten_crab" title="Chinese mitten crab">Shanghai hairy crab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-328" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haipai_cuisine" title="Haipai cuisine">Haipai cuisine</a>, on the other hand, is a Western-influenced cooking style that originated in Shanghai. It absorbed elements from French, British, Russian, German, and Italian cuisines and adapted them to suit the local taste according to the features of local ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-329" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Famous dishes of Haipai cuisine include Shanghai-style <a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">borscht</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">罗宋汤</span></span>, "Russian soup"), crispy pork cutlets, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai salad">Shanghai salad</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/Olivier_salad" title="Olivier salad">Olivier salad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-330" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Benbang and Haipai cuisine make use of a variety of seafood, including <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">freshwater fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrimps" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimps">shrimps</a>, and crabs.<sup id="cite_ref-331" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Nanxiang <i>xiaolongbao</i>（南翔小笼包）: <i>Xiaolongbao</i> refers to Chinese soup dumplings. Nanxiang <i>xiaolongbao</i> is a traditional specialty of Nanxiang town in Jiading district, renowned for its thin skin, tender meat, abundant soup, and fresh flavor. The dumplings are usually served piping hot in <i>xiaolong</i>, or bamboo baskets. The craft of making <i>xiaolongbao</i> was designated as a municipal intangible cultural heritage in April 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shanghai <i>shengjian</i> （上海生煎） : Shanghai <i>shengjian</i>, or Shanghai pan-fried buns, a renowned Shanghai delicacy, involves pan-frying the buns without prior steaming. The filling consists of savory pork and green onions, creating a soupy texture. After frying, water is added to the pan before covering it. The buns are then cooked for approximately 8–10 minutes until the bottoms turn golden brown and crispy.<sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Congyou banmian</i>（葱油拌面）: <i>Congyou banmian</i>, or scallion oil noodles, is a popular noodle dish in Shanghai and can be found in many local restaurants and food stalls. The scallion oil is made by crisping and browning chopped scallions in hot oil. The dish is then coated in scallion oil, soy sauce, and spices, offering a blend of savory, sweet, and mildly spicy flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Paigu niangao</i>（排骨年糕）: <i>Paigu niangao</i>, or stir-fried pork ribs and rice cakes, is a traditional dish in Shanghai. This dish uses fresh pork ribs paired with small and thin rice cakes, which are cooked through oil blanching and simmering. The pork ribs have a golden color, a crispy surface, and tender meat while the rice cakes are soft and chewy.<sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Shuijing xiaren</i>（水晶虾仁）: <i>Shuijing xiaren</i>, or crystal shrimp, is a favorite among Shanghai locals. This dish features shrimp and eggs, with no additional ingredients to distract from its simplicity. The shrimp is cooked until just translucent, earning its "crystal" name. Well-prepared crystal shrimp is tender yet crispy, with a robust shrimp flavor and a reddish hue tinged with milky white.<sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renxiong_wan04s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Renxiong_wan04s.jpg/250px-Renxiong_wan04s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Renxiong_wan04s.jpg/330px-Renxiong_wan04s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Renxiong_wan04s.jpg/500px-Renxiong_wan04s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">十万图之四</span></span> (<i>No. 4 of a Hundred Thousand Scenes</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Ren_Xiong" title="Ren Xiong">Ren Xiong</a>, a pioneer of the Shanghai School of Chinese art, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1850</span></figcaption></figure><p> The Songjiang School (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">淞江派</span></span>), containing the Huating School (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">华亭派</span></span>) founded by <a href="/wiki/Gu_Zhengyi" title="Gu Zhengyi">Gu Zhengyi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-337" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a small painting school in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was represented by <a href="/wiki/Dong_Qichang" title="Dong Qichang">Dong Qichang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school was considered an expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Wu_School" title="Wu School">Wu School</a> in Suzhou, the cultural center of the Jiangnan region at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Haipai" title="Haipai">Shanghai School</a> movement commenced, focusing less on the symbolism emphasized by the <a href="/wiki/Ink_wash_painting" title="Ink wash painting">Literati style</a> but more on the visual content of painting through the use of bright colors. Secular objects like flowers and birds were often selected as themes.<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Western_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Western art">Western art</a> was introduced to Shanghai in 1847 by Spanish missionary Joannes Ferrer (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">范廷佐</span></span>), and the city's first Western atelier was established in 1864 inside the <a href="/wiki/Tushanwan" title="Tushanwan">Tushanwan orphanage</a> (土山湾孤儿院).<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Republic of China, many famous artists including <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Daqian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhang Daqian">Zhang Daqian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Haisu" title="Liu Haisu">Liu Haisu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xu_Beihong" title="Xu Beihong">Xu Beihong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feng_Zikai" title="Feng Zikai">Feng Zikai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yan_Wenliang" title="Yan Wenliang">Yan Wenliang</a> settled in Shanghai, allowing it to gradually become the art center of China. Various art forms—including <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood carving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manhua" title="Manhua">Manhua</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Lianhuanhua" title="Lianhuanhua">Lianhuanhua</a>—thrived. <a href="/wiki/Sanmao_(comics)" title="Sanmao (comics)">Sanmao</a> was created to dramatize the chaos created by the Second Sino-Japanese War.<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the most comprehensive art and cultural facility in Shanghai is the China Art Museum. In addition, the Chinese Painting Academy features traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese painting</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-344" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Power_Station_of_Art" title="Power Station of Art">Power Station of Art</a> displays <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also has many art galleries, many of which are located in the <a href="/wiki/M50_Art_District" class="mw-redirect" title="M50 Art District">M50 Art District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tianzifang" title="Tianzifang">Tianzifang</a>. First held in 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Biennale" title="Shanghai Biennale">Shanghai Biennale</a> has become an important place for Chinese and foreign arts to interact.<sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mei_Lanfang_performing_at_Tianchan_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mei_Lanfang_performing_at_Tianchan_Theatre.jpg/220px-Mei_Lanfang_performing_at_Tianchan_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mei_Lanfang_performing_at_Tianchan_Theatre.jpg/330px-Mei_Lanfang_performing_at_Tianchan_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mei_Lanfang_performing_at_Tianchan_Theatre.jpg/440px-Mei_Lanfang_performing_at_Tianchan_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mei_Lanfang" title="Mei Lanfang">Mei Lanfang</a> performing the <a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Peking opera</a> "Resisting the Jin Army" at <a href="/wiki/Tianchan_Theatre" title="Tianchan Theatre">Tianchan Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a> (Xiqu) became a popular source of public entertainment in the late 19th century. In the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Monologue" title="Monologue">monologue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque">burlesque</a> in Shanghainese appeared, absorbing elements from traditional dramas. The <a href="/wiki/Great_World" title="Great World">Great World</a> opened in 1912 and was a significant stage at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-347" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Pingtan" title="Suzhou Pingtan">Pingtan</a> expanded from Suzhou to Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pingtan art developed rapidly to 103 programs every day by the 1930s because of the abundant commercial radio stations in the city. Around the same time, a Shanghai-style Beijing Opera was formed. Led by <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xinfang" title="Zhou Xinfang">Zhou Xinfang</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gai_Jiaotian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gai Jiaotian (page does not exist)">Gai Jiaotian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E5%8F%AB%E5%A4%A9" class="extiw" title="zh:盖叫天">zh</a>]</span>, it attracted many Xiqu masters, like <a href="/wiki/Mei_Lanfang" title="Mei Lanfang">Mei Lanfang</a>, to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-349" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small troupe from Shengxian (now <a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a>) also began to promote <a href="/wiki/Yue_opera" title="Yue opera">Yue opera</a> on the Shanghainese stage.<sup id="cite_ref-350" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A unique style of opera, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_opera" title="Shanghai opera">Shanghai opera</a>, was formed when local folksongs were fused with modern operas.<sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012, prominent troupes in Shanghai include <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jingju_Theatre_Company" title="Shanghai Jingju Theatre Company">Shanghai Jingju Theatre Company</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Kunqu_Opera_Troupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe (page does not exist)">Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%98%86%E5%89%A7%E5%9B%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:上海昆剧团">zh</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Yue_Opera_House" title="Shanghai Yue Opera House">Shanghai Yue Opera House</a>, and Shanghai Huju Opera House.<sup id="cite_ref-352" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-352"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a> appeared in <a href="/wiki/Mission_school" title="Mission school">missionary schools</a> in Shanghai in the late 19th century. At the time, it was mainly performed in English. <i>Scandals in Officialdom</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans">官场丑史</span>), staged in 1899, was one of the earliest-recorded plays.<sup id="cite_ref-353" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-353"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin;_or,_Life_Among_the_Lowly" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly">Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly</a></i> (<span lang="zh-Hans">黑奴吁天录</span>) was performed at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyceum_Theatre,_Shanghai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyceum Theatre, Shanghai (page does not exist)">Lyceum Theatre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%BF%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%8F%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:兰心大戏院">zh</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-354"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/New_Culture_Movement" title="New Culture Movement">New Culture Movement</a>, drama became a popular way for students and intellectuals to express their views. The city has several major institutes of theater training, including the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Shanghai Conservatory of Music">Shanghai Conservatory of Music</a>, the Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Opera_House" title="Shanghai Opera House">Shanghai Opera House</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Theatre_Academy" title="Shanghai Theatre Academy">Shanghai Theatre Academy</a>. Notable theaters in Shanghai include the Shanghai Grand Theatre, the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Art_Center" title="Oriental Art Center">Oriental Art Center</a>, and the People's Theatre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qipao1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Qipao1.jpg/170px-Qipao1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Qipao1.jpg/255px-Qipao1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Qipao1.jpg/340px-Qipao1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>In this Shanghainese soap advertisement from the 1930s, two women are wearing Shanghai-styled <i><a href="/wiki/Qipao" class="mw-redirect" title="Qipao">qipao</a></i> while playing golf.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is considered to be the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Chinese cinema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-355"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China's first short film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Difficult_Couple" title="The Difficult Couple">The Difficult Couple</a></i> (1913), and the country's first fictional feature film, <i><a href="/wiki/An_Orphan_Rescues_His_Grandfather" class="mw-redirect" title="An Orphan Rescues His Grandfather">An Orphan Rescues His Grandfather</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">孤儿救祖记</span></span>, 1923)<sup id="cite_ref-356" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-356"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were both produced in Shanghai. Shanghai's film industry grew during the early 1930s, generating stars such as <a href="/wiki/Hu_Die" title="Hu Die">Hu Die</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruan_Lingyu" title="Ruan Lingyu">Ruan Lingyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xuan" title="Zhou Xuan">Zhou Xuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jin_Yan" title="Jin Yan">Jin Yan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Dan" title="Zhao Dan">Zhao Dan</a>. Another film star, Jiang Qing, went on to become Madame <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>. The exile of Shanghainese filmmakers and actors as a result of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">Communist revolution</a> contributed enormously to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong film industry">Hong Kong film industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SHHKFilm_357-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHHKFilm-357"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movie <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Mood_for_Love" title="In the Mood for Love">In the Mood for Love</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai" title="Wong Kar-wai">Wong Kar-wai</a>, a Shanghai native, depicts a slice of the displaced Shanghainese community in Hong Kong and the nostalgia for that era, featuring 1940s music by Zhou Xuan.<sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai's cultural festivals include Shanghai International Television Festival, Shanghai International Film Festival, Shanghai International Art Festival, Shanghai International Tourism Festival, Shanghai Spring International Music Festival, etc. Shanghai TV Festival is the earliest international TV festival founded in China. It was founded in 1986. The Shanghai International Film Festival was founded in 1993 and is one of the nine major international film festivals in the A category. The highest award is the "Golden Goblet Award"<sup id="cite_ref-359" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-359"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2001, Shanghai has held its own <a href="/wiki/Fashion_week" title="Fashion week">fashion week</a> called <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week" title="Shanghai Fashion Week">Shanghai Fashion Week</a> twice every year in April and October. The main venue is in <a href="/wiki/Fuxing_Park" title="Fuxing Park">Fuxing Park</a>, and the opening and closing ceremonies are held in the Shanghai Fashion Center. The April session is also part of the one-month <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_International_Fashion_Culture_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival (page does not exist)">Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-360" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-360"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai Fashion Week is considered to be an event of national significance featuring both international and Chinese designers. The international presence has included many promising young British fashion designers.<sup id="cite_ref-361" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-361"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event is hosted by the Shanghai Municipal Government and supported by the People's Republic Ministry of Commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-362" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_F1_Circui_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shanghai_F1_Circui_01.jpg/220px-Shanghai_F1_Circui_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shanghai_F1_Circui_01.jpg/330px-Shanghai_F1_Circui_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shanghai_F1_Circui_01.jpg/440px-Shanghai_F1_Circui_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>F1 Chinese Grand Prix in Shanghai</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is home to several <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> teams, including two in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Shenhua_F.C." title="Shanghai Shenhua F.C.">Shanghai Shenhua</a><sup id="cite_ref-绿地宣布接手申花_朱骏时代宣告终结_363-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-绿地宣布接手申花_朱骏时代宣告终结-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Port_F.C." title="Shanghai Port F.C.">Shanghai Port</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-364" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-364"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai's top-tier <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Sharks" title="Shanghai Sharks">Shanghai Sharks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a>, developed <a href="/wiki/Yao_Ming" title="Yao Ming">Yao Ming</a> before he entered the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-365"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yao_ming_366-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yao_ming-366"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shanghai's baseball team, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Golden_Eagles" title="Shanghai Golden Eagles">Shanghai Golden Eagles</a>, plays in the <a href="/wiki/China_Baseball_League" title="China Baseball League">China Baseball League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cricket_Club" title="Shanghai Cricket Club">Shanghai Cricket Club</a> dates back to 1858 when the first recorded cricket match was played between a team of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British Naval</a> officers and a Shanghai 11. Following a 45-year dormancy after the founding of the PRC in 1949, the club was re-established in 1994 by expatriates living in the city and has since grown to over 300 members. The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cricket_team" title="Shanghai cricket team">Shanghai cricket team</a> played various international matches between 1866 and 1948. With cricket in the rest of China almost non-existent, for that period they were the de facto <a href="/wiki/China_national_cricket_team" title="China national cricket team">China national cricket team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YaoMingoffense.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/YaoMingoffense.jpg/180px-YaoMingoffense.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/YaoMingoffense.jpg/270px-YaoMingoffense.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/YaoMingoffense.jpg/360px-YaoMingoffense.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption>Yao Ming was born in Shanghai. He started his career with the Shanghai Sharks.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is home to many prominent Chinese professional athletes, such as basketball player Yao Ming,<sup id="cite_ref-yao_ming_366-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yao_ming-366"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/110_metres_hurdles" title="110 metres hurdles">110 metres hurdles</a> <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(hurdler)" title="Liu Xiang (hurdler)">Liu Xiang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-369" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-369"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a> player <a href="/wiki/Wang_Liqin" title="Wang Liqin">Wang Liqin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a> player <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yihan" title="Wang Yihan">Wang Yihan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-371"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, athletes from Shanghai collectively won 19 gold medals at world championships and 38 gold medals at the highest-level national competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsonga_Potro_2008_Tennis_Masters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tsonga_Potro_2008_Tennis_Masters.jpg/250px-Tsonga_Potro_2008_Tennis_Masters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tsonga_Potro_2008_Tennis_Masters.jpg/330px-Tsonga_Potro_2008_Tennis_Masters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tsonga_Potro_2008_Tennis_Masters.jpg/500px-Tsonga_Potro_2008_Tennis_Masters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Shanghai Masters in <a href="/wiki/Qizhong_Forest_Sports_City_Arena" title="Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena">Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shanghai is the host of several international sports events. Since 2004, it has hosted the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Grand_Prix" title="Chinese Grand Prix">Chinese Grand Prix</a>, a round of the <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One World Championship</a>. The race is staged annually at the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Circuit" title="Shanghai International Circuit">Shanghai International Circuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shanghaigo_373-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shanghaigo-373"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It hosted the <a href="/wiki/2019_Chinese_Grand_Prix" title="2019 Chinese Grand Prix">1000th Formula One race</a> on 14 April 2019. In 2010, Shanghai became the host city of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Masters" title="Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters">Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters</a>, which raced in a street circuit in Pudong. In 2012, Shanghai began hosting <a href="/wiki/4_Hours_of_Shanghai" title="4 Hours of Shanghai">4 Hours of Shanghai</a> as one round from the inaugural season of the <a href="/wiki/FIA_World_Endurance_Championship" title="FIA World Endurance Championship">FIA World Endurance Championship</a>. The city also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Masters_(tennis)" title="Shanghai Masters (tennis)">Shanghai Masters</a> tennis tournament, which is part of <a href="/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Masters_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP World Tour Masters 1000">ATP World Tour Masters 1000</a>, as well as golf tournaments including the <a href="/wiki/BMW_Masters" title="BMW Masters">BMW Masters</a> and <a href="/wiki/WGC-HSBC_Champions" title="WGC-HSBC Champions">WGC-HSBC Champions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-374" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-374"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 September 2017, Shanghai hosted a <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> exhibition game in an effort to increase fan interest for the <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_NHL_season" title="2017–18 NHL season">2017–18 NHL season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-375" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-375"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shanghai is solidifying its status as a global hub for premier professional sports events. In 2023, Shanghai hosted a total of 118 sports events, with 190,000 participants and 1.29 million spectators, driving a consumption of CN¥3.713 billion (US$510.83 million).<sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, the city is set to host nearly 175 domestic and international tournaments.<sup id="cite_ref-377" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-377"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable events on the calendar include the Olympic Qualifier Series, the Formula 1 Chinese Grand Prix, the 2024 FIA Formula E World Championship (Shanghai), the 2024 Archery World Cup, the WDSF Grand Slam Final, and the ISU Four Continents Figure Skating Championships 2024, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-378" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-378"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_resorts">Parks and resorts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Parks and resorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shanghai has an extensive public park system; by 2022, the city had 670 parks, of which 281 had free admission, and the per capita park area was 9 m<sup>2</sup> (97 sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Shanghai_Overview_2019_379-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shanghai_Overview_2019-379"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the parks also have become popular tourist attractions due to their unique location, history, or architecture. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_-_People%27s_Park_-_0005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Shanghai_-_People%27s_Park_-_0005.jpg/250px-Shanghai_-_People%27s_Park_-_0005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Shanghai_-_People%27s_Park_-_0005.jpg/330px-Shanghai_-_People%27s_Park_-_0005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Shanghai_-_People%27s_Park_-_0005.jpg/500px-Shanghai_-_People%27s_Park_-_0005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4476" data-file-height="2790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Shanghai)" title="People's Park (Shanghai)">People's Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Square" title="People's Square">People's Square</a> park, located in the heart of downtown Shanghai, is especially well known for its proximity to other major landmarks in the city. Fuxing Park, located in the former French Concession, features formal French-style gardens and is surrounded by high-end bars and cafes.<sup id="cite_ref-380" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-380"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park_(Shanghai)" title="Zhongshan Park (Shanghai)">Zhongshan Park</a>, in western central Shanghai, is famous for its monument of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a>, the tallest statue dedicated to the composer in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-381"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Built in 1914 as Jessfield Park, it once contained the campus of <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_University,_Shanghai" title="St. John's University, Shanghai">St. John's University</a>, Shanghai's first international college; today, the park features <a href="/wiki/Cherry_blossom" title="Cherry blossom">sakura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peony" title="Peony">peony</a> gardens and a 150-year-old <a href="/wiki/Platanus" title="Platanus">platanus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-382" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-382"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it also serves as an interchange hub in the metro system.<sup id="cite_ref-383" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-383"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>364<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Shanghai's newer parks is the <a href="/wiki/Xujiahui_Park" title="Xujiahui Park">Xujiahui Park</a>, which was built in 1999, on the former grounds of the Great Chinese Rubber Works Factory and the EMI Recording Studio (now La Villa Rouge restaurant). The park has an artificial lake with a sky bridge running across the park.<sup id="cite_ref-384" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-384"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>365<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Botanical_Garden" title="Shanghai Botanical Garden">Shanghai Botanical Garden</a> is located 12 km (7 mi) southwest of the city center and was established in 1978. In 2011, the largest botanical garden in Shanghai—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Chen_Shan_Botanical_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden (page does not exist)">Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden</a>—opened in Songjiang District.<sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-385"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>366<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_disneyland_castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_disneyland_castle.jpg/250px-Shanghai_disneyland_castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_disneyland_castle.jpg/330px-Shanghai_disneyland_castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_disneyland_castle.jpg/500px-Shanghai_disneyland_castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Enchanted Storybook Castle of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Disneyland" title="Shanghai Disneyland">Shanghai Disneyland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Other notable parks in Shanghai include <a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_Park" title="Lu Xun Park">Lu Xun Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Century_Park_(Shanghai)" title="Century Park (Shanghai)">Century Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gucun_Park" title="Gucun Park">Gucun Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gongqing_Forest_Park" title="Gongqing Forest Park">Gongqing Forest Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_Park" title="Jing'an Park">Jing'an Park</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Disney_Resort" title="Shanghai Disney Resort">Shanghai Disney Resort</a> Project was approved by the government on 4 November 2009<sup id="cite_ref-another_major_milestone_386-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-another_major_milestone-386"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>367<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opened in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-387" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-387"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>368<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The $4.4 billion theme park and resort in Pudong features a castle that is the biggest among Disney's resorts.<sup id="cite_ref-388" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-388"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>369<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 11 million people visited the resort in its first year of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-389" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-389"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>370<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_pollution">Air pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Air pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pollution_in_China#Air_pollution" title="Pollution in China">Pollution in China § Air pollution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_haze_in_Huangpu_Distract_20131206.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Shanghai_haze_in_Huangpu_Distract_20131206.jpg/220px-Shanghai_haze_in_Huangpu_Distract_20131206.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Shanghai_haze_in_Huangpu_Distract_20131206.jpg/330px-Shanghai_haze_in_Huangpu_Distract_20131206.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Shanghai_haze_in_Huangpu_Distract_20131206.jpg/440px-Shanghai_haze_in_Huangpu_Distract_20131206.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu District</a> during the 2013 Eastern China smog</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Air pollution</a> in Shanghai is not as severe as in many other Chinese cities, but is still considered substantial by world standards.<sup id="cite_ref-390" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-390"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>371<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the December <a href="/wiki/2013_Eastern_China_smog" title="2013 Eastern China smog">2013 Eastern China smog</a>, air pollution rates reached between 23 and 31 times the international standard.<sup id="cite_ref-391" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-391"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>372<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liu_Chen-yao_392-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_Chen-yao-392"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>373<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 December 2013, levels of PM<sub>2.5</sub> <a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">particulate matter</a> in Shanghai rose above 600 micrograms per cubic meter and in the surrounding area, above 700 micrograms per cubic meter.<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_Chen-yao_392-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_Chen-yao-392"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>373<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levels of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Putuo District reached 726 micrograms per cubic meter.<sup id="cite_ref-393" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-393"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>374<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-394" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-394"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>375<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission received orders to suspend students' outdoor activities. Authorities pulled nearly one-third of government vehicles from the roads, while much construction work was halted. Most inbound flights were canceled, and more than 50 flights at Pudong International Airport were diverted.<sup id="cite_ref-395" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-395"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>376<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 January 2014, <a href="/wiki/Yang_Xiong_(politician)" title="Yang Xiong (politician)">Yang Xiong</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Shanghai">mayor of Shanghai</a>, announced that three main measures would be taken to manage the air pollution in Shanghai, along with surrounding Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-yangxiongannouncement_396-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yangxiongannouncement-396"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>377<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The measures involved implementing the 2013 air-cleaning program, establishing a linkage mechanism with the three surrounding provinces, and improving the city's early-warning systems.<sup id="cite_ref-yangxiongannouncement_396-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yangxiongannouncement-396"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>377<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 February 2014, China's cabinet announced that a CN¥10 billion (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.7 billion</span>) fund will be set up to help companies meet the new environmental standards.<sup id="cite_ref-397" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-397"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>378<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effect of the policy was significant. From 2013 to 2018, more than 3,000 treatment facilities for industrial waste gases were installed, and the city's annual <a href="/wiki/Smoke" title="Smoke">smoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">nitrogen oxide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> emission decreased by 65%, 54%, and 95%, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-398" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-398"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>379<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-399" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-399"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the Air Quality Index (AQI) of Shanghai reached a rate of 87.7%, a 0.6% increase compared to the previous year. The annual average concentration of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) was 48 microgrammes per cubic meter, while the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter was 28 microgrammes per cubic meter.<sup id="cite_ref-400" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-400"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>381<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_protection">Environmental protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Environmental protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_residual_waste_truck_and_a_household_food_waste_truck_on_Zhonghua_Road,_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/A_residual_waste_truck_and_a_household_food_waste_truck_on_Zhonghua_Road%2C_Shanghai.jpg/220px-A_residual_waste_truck_and_a_household_food_waste_truck_on_Zhonghua_Road%2C_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/A_residual_waste_truck_and_a_household_food_waste_truck_on_Zhonghua_Road%2C_Shanghai.jpg/330px-A_residual_waste_truck_and_a_household_food_waste_truck_on_Zhonghua_Road%2C_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/A_residual_waste_truck_and_a_household_food_waste_truck_on_Zhonghua_Road%2C_Shanghai.jpg/440px-A_residual_waste_truck_and_a_household_food_waste_truck_on_Zhonghua_Road%2C_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>A residual waste truck and a kitchen waste truck on Zhonghua Road</figcaption></figure> <p>Public awareness of the environment is growing, and the city is investing in a number of environmental protection projects. A 16-year rehabilitation of Suzhou Creek, which runs through the city, was finished in 2012, clearing the creek of barges and factories and removing 1.3 million cubic meters of sludge.<sup id="cite_ref-401" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-401"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>382<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-402" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-402"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>383<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the government has moved almost all the factories within the city center to either the outskirts or other provinces,<sup id="cite_ref-airpollution_403-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-airpollution-403"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>384<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provided incentives for transportation companies to invest in <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">LPG</a> buses and taxis. </p><p>On 1 July 2019, Shanghai adopted a new garbage-classification system that sorts out waste into residual waste, kitchen waste, recyclable waste, and hazardous waste.<sup id="cite_ref-garbageclassification_404-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garbageclassification-404"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>385<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wastes are collected by separate vehicles and sent to <a href="/wiki/Incineration" title="Incineration">incineration</a> plants, <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a> centers, and hazardous-waste-disposal facilities, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-405" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-405"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>386<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_in_Shanghai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media in Shanghai (page does not exist)">Media in Shanghai</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BC%A0%E5%AA%92%E4%B8%9A" class="extiw" title="zh:上海传媒业">zh</a>]</span> covers newspapers, publisher, broadcast, television, and Internet, with some media having influence over the country. In regard to foreign publications in Shanghai, Hartmut Walravens of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a> Newspapers Section said that when the Japanese controlled Shanghai in the 1940s "it was very difficult to publish good papers – one either had to concentrate on emigration problems, or cooperate like the <i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jewish_Chronicle" title="Shanghai Jewish Chronicle">Chronicle</a></i>."<sup id="cite_ref-Walravens95_406-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walravens95-406"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>387<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of March 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, newspapers publishing in Shanghai include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiefang_Daily" title="Jiefang Daily">Jiefang Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Sports_Daily" title="Oriental Sports Daily">Oriental Sports Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Review_of_Books" title="Shanghai Review of Books">Shanghai Review of Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Daily" title="Shanghai Daily">Shanghai Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Star" title="Shanghai Star">Shanghai Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xinmin_Evening_News" title="Xinmin Evening News">Xinmin Evening News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wen_Hui_Bao" class="mw-redirect" title="Wen Hui Bao">Wen Hui Bao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wenhui_Book_Review" title="Wenhui Book Review">Wenhui Book Review</a></i></li></ul> </div> <p>Newspapers formerly published in Shanghai include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ostasiatische_Lloyd" title="Der Ostasiatische Lloyd">Der Ostasiatische Lloyd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Shanghai_Zeitung" title="Deutsche Shanghai Zeitung">Deutsche Shanghai Zeitung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelbe_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelbe Post (page does not exist)">Gelbe Post</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-407" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-407"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>388<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_China_Daily_News" title="North China Daily News">North China Daily News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Evening_Post_%26_Mercury" title="Shanghai Evening Post & Mercury">Shanghai Evening Post & Mercury</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Shanghai_Gazette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Shanghai Gazette (page does not exist)">The Shanghai Gazette</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-408" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-408"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>389<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jewish_Chronicle" title="Shanghai Jewish Chronicle">Shanghai Jewish Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Herald">Shanghai Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Shanghai_Mercury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Shanghai Mercury (page does not exist)">The Shanghai Mercury</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-409" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-409"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>390<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Shanghai_Post_(German-language_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Shanghai Post (German-language newspaper) (page does not exist)">The Shanghai Post</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-410" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-410"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>391<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Times (page does not exist)">Shanghai Times</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E6%8A%A5" class="extiw" title="zh:上海泰晤士报">zh</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shen_Bao" title="Shen Bao">Shen Bao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_Messenger" title="Israel's Messenger">Israel's Messenger</a></i></li></ul> </div> <p>The city's main broadcaster is <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">Shanghai Media Group</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Multilateral_development_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilateral development bank">multilateral development bank</a> established by the <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">states</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <p>Shanghai is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with 68 cities from the following 57 countries:<sup id="cite_ref-411" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-411"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>392<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, Japan (1973)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan (1974)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy (1979)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Netherlands (1979)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, United States (1979)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia (1980)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka Prefecture</a>, Japan (1980)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamhung" title="Hamhung">Hamhung</a>, North Korea (1982)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, Philippines (1983)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, Pakistan (1984)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium (1984)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, Greece (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a>, Poland (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, United States (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, Morocco (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France (1987)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Australia (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>, Vanuatu (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, New Zealand (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, Uzbekistan (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>, Yemen (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, Namibia (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a>, Cuba (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>, Argentina (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>, Finland (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, Mexico (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, United Kingdom (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, Mozambique (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a>, Thailand (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, United Arab Emirates (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>, South Africa (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a>, Ecuador (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, Chile (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>, Romania (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, Sri Lanka (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bratislava_Region" title="Bratislava Region">Bratislava Region</a>, Slovakia (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Central_Denmark_Region" title="Central Denmark Region">Central Denmark Region</a>, Denmark (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, Ireland (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>, Indonesia (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a>, Switzerland (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, Cambodia (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>, France (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Austria (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, India (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, United States (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia (2018)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru (2018)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus (2019)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, Iran (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-412" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-412"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>393<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia (2020)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates_and_consulates_general">Consulates and consulates general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Consulates and consulates general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">List of diplomatic missions in China</a></div><p>As of September 2020, Shanghai hosts 71 consulates general and 5 consulates, excluding Hong Kong and Macao trade office.<sup id="cite_ref-413" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-413"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>394<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Consulate_General_in_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_Consulate_General_in_Shanghai.jpg/250px-Russian_Consulate_General_in_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_Consulate_General_in_Shanghai.jpg/330px-Russian_Consulate_General_in_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_Consulate_General_in_Shanghai.jpg/500px-Russian_Consulate_General_in_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_Russia,_Shanghai" title="Consulate General of Russia, Shanghai">Russian Consulate General in Shanghai</a>, located on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou River">Suzhou River</a></figcaption></figure> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/60px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> (Consulate)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> (Consulate)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> (Consulate)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/40px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/60px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> (Consulate)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> (Consulate)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_and_technological_development_zones_in_Shanghai" title="List of economic and technological development zones in Shanghai">List of economic and technological development zones in Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shanghai" title="List of administrative divisions of Shanghai">List of administrative divisions of Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fiction_set_in_Shanghai" title="List of fiction set in Shanghai">List of fiction set in Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Shanghai" title="List of films set in Shanghai">List of films set in Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Shanghai" title="List of people from Shanghai">List of people from Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Detention_Center" title="Shanghai Detention Center">Shanghai Detention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Football_Tournament" title="Shanghai International Football Tournament">Shanghai International Football Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Scientific_and_Technical_Publishers" title="Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers">Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuping_Scholarship" title="Shuping Scholarship">Shuping Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban planning in Shanghai">Urban planning in Shanghai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:上海">上海</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shànghǎi</span></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></small>: <span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="wuu-Latn">zaon<sup>6</sup> he<sup>5</sup></i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="wuu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">[zɑ̃˩<span class="wrap"> </span>hɛ˦]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/89\/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus\/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-wuu-2-\u4e0a\u6d77.opus"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus/Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-wuu-2-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7.opus" title="File:Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus">ⓘ</a></sup></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> pronunciation</small>: <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂâŋ.xàɪ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/73\/Zh-Shanghai.ogg\/Zh-Shanghai.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Shanghai.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Zh-Shanghai.ogg/Zh-Shanghai.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Shanghai.ogg" title="File:Zh-Shanghai.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Traditional Chinese: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">滬</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Traditional Chinese: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">滬瀆</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">華亭</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first Chinese character "魔" has three meanings according to The Standard Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese: (1) Devil. (2) Metaphor for something that harms people or evil forces. (3) Magical; unpredictable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">青龍鎮</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">江海關</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a> romanization: longdhang; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Wu Chinese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="wuu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">[lòŋdɑ̃́]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">historically "Avenue Joffre"<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a> romanization: Xhigawhe, Zikawei, or Siccawei; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Wu Chinese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="wuu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">[ʑìkᴀ̋ɦuᴇ᷆]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chuansha County until 1992;<sup id="cite_ref-toponymy_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymy-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> merged with Nanhui District in 2009 with oversight of the Jiuduansha shoals<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan County">Baoshan County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wusong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wusong District">Wusong District</a> until 1988<sup id="cite_ref-toponymy_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymy-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original Minhang District and Shanghai County until 1992<sup id="cite_ref-toponymy_69-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymy-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jiading County until 1992<sup id="cite_ref-toponymy_69-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymy-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jinshan County until 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Songjiang County until 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Qingpu County until 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fengxian County until 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The absorption of the separate island of <a href="/wiki/Yonglongsha" title="Yonglongsha">Yonglongsha</a> by Chongming in the 1970s has produced a narrow <a href="/wiki/List_of_enclaves_and_exclaves#Subnational_pene-enclaves/exclaves_(inaccessible_districts)" title="List of enclaves and exclaves">pene-enclave</a> of Jiangsu along about 20 kilometers (12 mi) of the northern shore of the island, separately administered as <a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Haiyong_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiyong Township">Haiyong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qilong_Township" title="Qilong Township">Qilong</a> <a href="/wiki/Township_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Township (PRC)">townships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shtong_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shtong-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kaogu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kaogu_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaogu_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaogu.cn/zixun/zixun/shidafaxain/2017/0324/57570.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海青浦青龙镇遗址</bdi></a> [Ruins of Qinglong Town in Qingpu, Shanghai]. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Archaeology,_Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a>. 24 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221826/http://www.kaogu.cn/zixun/zixun/shidafaxain/2017/0324/57570.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%A6%E9%9D%92%E9%BE%99%E9%95%87%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology%2C+Chinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaogu.cn%2Fzixun%2Fzixun%2Fshidafaxain%2F2017%2F0324%2F57570.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New Book of Tang</i>, vol. 41: "Huating County, a greater county, established in the tenth year of Tianbao (751), which splits the Jiaxing Prefecture"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641941&type=-1">"行政区划 (in Chinese)"</a>. Government of Shanghai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505092811/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641940&type=-1%2A">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92+%28in+Chinese%29&rft.pub=Government+of+Shanghai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fdifangzhi-front%2Fbook%2FdetailNew%3FoneId%3D2%26bookId%3D344775%26parentNodeId%3D344806%26nodeId%3D641941%26type%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mofcom-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mofcom_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China – Survey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140526181645/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+China+%E2%80%93+Survey&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Commerce+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mofcom.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fzt_business%2Flanmub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-landarea-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-landarea_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36484.html">"地域 (in Chinese)"</a>. Government of Shanghai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508135319/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641940&type=-1">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F+%28in+Chinese%29&rft.pub=Government+of+Shanghai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fshanghai%2Fnode23919%2Fnode24059%2Fnode24061%2Fuserobject22ai36484.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641942&type=-1">"水文 (in Chinese)"</a>. Government of Shanghai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508141431/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641942&type=-1">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87+%28in+Chinese%29&rft.pub=Government+of+Shanghai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fdifangzhi-front%2Fbook%2FdetailNew%3FoneId%3D2%26bookId%3D344775%26parentNodeId%3D344806%26nodeId%3D641942%26type%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topo_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topo_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topo_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641940&type=-1"><bdi lang="zh">地域 (in Chinese).</bdi></a>. Government of Shanghai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505092811/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641940&type=-1%2A">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F+%28in+Chinese%29.&rft.pub=Government+of+Shanghai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fdifangzhi-front%2Fbook%2FdetailNew%3FoneId%3D2%26bookId%3D344775%26parentNodeId%3D344806%26nodeId%3D641940%26type%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20240321/f66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html">"2023年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Statistics_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Statistics Bureau (page does not exist)">Shanghai Statistics Bureau</a>. 21 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530163249/https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20240321/f66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=Shanghai+Statistics+Bureau&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2F20240321%2Ff66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109073448/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span> see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109073448/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span> see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20240321/f66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html">"zh: 2023年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. shanghai.gov.cn. 21 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530163249/https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20240321/f66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zh%3A+2023%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=shanghai.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2F20240321%2Ff66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span> The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">"Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development"</a> (Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305035331/https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+the+2023+national+economic+and+social+development&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202402%2Ft20240228_1947918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHDI-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SHDI_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Human Development Indices (8.0)- China"</a>. <i>Global Data Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Data+Lab&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Indices+%288.0%29-+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FCHN%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demog14-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-demog14_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCox2018" class="citation book cs1">Cox, W. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf"><i>Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demographia+World+Urban+Areas.+14th+Annual+Edition&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Demographia&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929230659/https://www.lexico.com/definition/shanghai">"Shanghai"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Shanghai">the original</a> on 29 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shanghai&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FShanghai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP2022-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDP2022_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP2022_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The GDP figures are from the statistical bulletin on 2022 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of relevant cities, see<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131014728/https://www.yicai.com/news/101703850.html">"2022年GDP100强城市榜：江苏13市均超4000亿，10强有变化"</a>. yicai.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yicai.com/news/101703850.html">the original</a> on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2024</span>. <q>Located on the Yangtze Delta, the port of Shanghai is the busiest in the world, a position it has held since 2010.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investment+Monitor&rft.atitle=The+ten+busiest+ports+in+the+world+by+container+traffic&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.aulast=Gardham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investmentmonitor.ai%2Ffeatures%2Fbusiest-ports-world-container%2F%3Fcf-view&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/2024/">"Fortune Global 500"</a>. <i>Fortune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822093815/https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/2024/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%89%8C&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Ministry+of+State+Security+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcgs.gzjd.gov.cn%2Fnsyycms%2Fu%2Fcms%2Fwww%2F201310%2F141301475hqv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130905221558/http://xmwb.news365.com.cn/ygb/201309/t20130905_1517067.html"><bdi lang="zh">华亭宾馆和零的突破</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinmin_Evening_News" title="Xinmin Evening News">Xinmin Evening News</a></i> (in Chinese (China)). 5 September 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinmin+Evening+News&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%AD%E5%AE%BE%E9%A6%86%E5%92%8C%E9%9B%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxmwb.news365.com.cn%2Fygb%2F201309%2Ft20130905_1517067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shanghaifact.weebly.com/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Modu' Shanghai but why people call it 'Modu'?"</a>. <i>shanghaifact.weebly.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002030902/https://shanghaifact.weebly.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shanghaifact.weebly.com&rft.atitle=%27Modu%27+Shanghai+but+why+people+call+it+%27Modu%27%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshanghaifact.weebly.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lippet-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lippet_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLippet2002" class="citation book cs1">Lippet, Seiji (2002). <i>Topographies of Japanese Modernism</i>. 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University of Michigan Press. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472132478" title="Special:BookSources/9780472132478"><bdi>9780472132478</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813210929/https://books.google.com/books?id=mXAyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA225">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shanghai%27s+White+Russians+%281937%29&rft.pub=SHANGHAI+SOJOURNS&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshanghaisojourns.net%2Fshanghais-dancing-world%2F2018%2F8%2F21%2Fshanghais-white-russians-1937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100520024207/https://www.talesofoldchina.com/library/allaboutshanghai/t-all04.htm">"All About Shanghai. Chapter 4 – Population"</a>. <i>Tales of Old Shanghai</i>. 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Office of Shanghai Chronicles. 3 August 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/Info?idnode=70865&tableName=userobject1a&id=73521">the original</a> on 24 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Routledge Revivals. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415705936" title="Special:BookSources/9780415705936"><bdi>9780415705936</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problems+and+Planning+in+Third+World+Cities&rft.pub=Routledge+Revivals&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft.isbn=9780415705936&rft.aulast=Pacione&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b3MX4eQrl50C&pg=PA66"><i>Shanghai: transformation and modernization under China's open policy</i>. By Yue-man Yeung, Sung Yun-wing, page 66</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240907214639/https://books.google.com/books?id=b3MX4eQrl50C&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> 7 September 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Chinese University Press, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liu-2023-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liu-2023_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liu-2023_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiu2023" class="citation book cs1">Liu, Zongyuan Zoe (2023). <i>Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions</i>. The Belknap Press of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674271913" title="Special:BookSources/9780674271913"><bdi>9780674271913</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sovereign+Funds%3A+How+the+Communist+Party+of+China+Finances+its+Global+Ambitions&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674271913&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Zongyuan+Zoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xu-2022-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xu-2022_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xu-2022_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXuWang2022" class="citation book cs1">Xu, Youwei; Wang, Y. Yvon (2022). <i>Everyday Lives in China's Cold War Military Industrial Complex: Voices from the Shanghai Small Third Front, 1964–1988</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_MacMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Palgrave MacMillan">Palgrave MacMillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030996871" title="Special:BookSources/9783030996871"><bdi>9783030996871</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everyday+Lives+in+China%27s+Cold+War+Military+Industrial+Complex%3A+Voices+from+the+Shanghai+Small+Third+Front%2C+1964%E2%80%931988&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9783030996871&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Youwei&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y.+Yvon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_McGregor" title="Richard McGregor">McGregor, Richard</a> (31 July 2012). <i>The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers</i>. Harper Perennial; Reprint. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780061708763" title="Special:BookSources/9780061708763"><bdi>9780061708763</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Party%3A+The+Secret+World+of+China%27s+Communist+Rulers&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial%3B+Reprint&rft.date=2012-07-31&rft.isbn=9780061708763&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929114521/http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-09/17/c_1123438650.htm"><bdi lang="zh">浦东，改革开放尽显"上海风度"</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua News">Xinhua News</a></i> (in Chinese (China)). 17 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-09/17/c_1123438650.htm">the original</a> on 29 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+News&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%EF%BC%8C%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%BD%E6%98%BE%22%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E5%BA%A6%22&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Ffortune%2F2018-09%2F17%2Fc_1123438650.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHou2021" class="citation book cs1">Hou, Li (2021). <i>Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard-Yenching_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard-Yenching Institute">Harvard-Yenching Institute</a> monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Asia_Center" title="Harvard University Asia Center">Harvard University Asia Center</a>. pp. xviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-26022-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-26022-1"><bdi>978-0-674-26022-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+for+Oil%3A+Daqing+and+the+Formation+of+the+Chinese+Socialist+State&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.series=Harvard-Yenching+Institute+monograph+series&rft.pages=xviii&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-674-26022-1&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Li&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html">"GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2020"</a>. <i>www.lboro.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lboro.ac.uk&rft.atitle=GaWC+%E2%80%93+The+World+According+to+GaWC+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2020t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/shanghai-in-lockdown-struggles-to-feed-itself-11649353336">"Shanghai, in Lockdown, Struggles to Feed Itself"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. 7 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112120154/https://www.wsj.com/articles/shanghai-in-lockdown-struggles-to-feed-itself-11649353336">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Shanghai%2C+in+Lockdown%2C+Struggles+to+Feed+Itself&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fshanghai-in-lockdown-struggles-to-feed-itself-11649353336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/PianInfo?idnode=4563&tableName=userobject1a&id=-1"><bdi lang="zh">上海通志第二卷自然环境</bdi></a> [General History of Shanghai – Volume 2. Natural environment] (in Chinese). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. 4 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025041948/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/PianInfo?idnode=4563&tableName=userobject1a&id=-1">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%97+%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7+%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft.date=2008-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fdfz_web%2FDFZ%2FPianInfo%3Fidnode%3D4563%26tableName%3Duserobject1a%26id%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-location-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-location_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Overview/20231209/705180b43f794c1ca43f4d1ddaa049a2.html">"Geography"</a>. <i>english.shanghai.gov.cn</i>. Shanghai Municipal People's Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425133729/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Overview/20231209/705180b43f794c1ca43f4d1ddaa049a2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.shanghai.gov.cn&rft.atitle=Geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fen-Overview%2F20231209%2F705180b43f794c1ca43f4d1ddaa049a2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eos-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eos_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx#52">"Chongming Island" in the <i>Encyclopedia of Shanghai</i>, p. 52.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302131933/http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx">Archived</a> 2 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers (Shanghai), 2010. Hosted by the Municipality of Shanghai.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurrayClemensPhinnPossingham2014" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, N.J.; Clemens, R.S.; Phinn, S.R.; Possingham, H.P.; Fuller, R.A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215055309/https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1890/130260">"Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment</i>. <b>12</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">267–</span>272. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014FrEE...12..267M">2014FrEE...12..267M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1890%2F130260">10.1890/130260</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1540-9295">1540-9295</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1890/130260">the original</a> on 15 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Tracking+the+rapid+loss+of+tidal+wetlands+in+the+Yellow+Sea&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E267-%3C%2Fspan%3E272&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=1540-9295&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1890%2F130260&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014FrEE...12..267M&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=N.J.&rft.au=Clemens%2C+R.S.&rft.au=Phinn%2C+S.R.&rft.au=Possingham%2C+H.P.&rft.au=Fuller%2C+R.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1890%2F130260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-waterresources-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-waterresources_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36486.html">"Water Resources"</a>. <i>Basic Facts</i>. Shanghai Municipal People's Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033713/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36486.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basic+Facts&rft.atitle=Water+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fshanghai%2Fnode23919%2Fnode24059%2Fnode24061%2Fuserobject22ai36486.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4isle-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4isle_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/environment/2009-12/08/content_19028666_2.htm">"Fourth Island Wetland Emerging", pp. 1–2.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042546/http://www.china.org.cn/environment/2009-12/08/content_19028666_2.htm">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Daily" title="Shanghai Daily">Shanghai Daily</a></i>. 8 December 2009. Hosted at China.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiphatelegraph-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wiphatelegraph_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2008" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Richard (19 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013183032/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F19%2Fwtyphoon119.xml">"1.6m flee Shanghai typhoon"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/09/19/wtyphoon119.xml">the original</a> on 13 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=1.6m+flee+Shanghai+typhoon&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F19%2Fwtyphoon119.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2017-07-hottest-day-shanghai-china.html">"Hottest day ever in Shanghai as heat wave bakes China"</a>. <i>phys.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240902055903/https://phys.org/news/2017-07-hottest-day-shanghai-china.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.people.cn&rft.atitle=Temperature+in+Shanghai+hits+record+high+-+People%27s+Daily+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.people.cn%2Fn3%2F2022%2F0714%2Fc90000-10122935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">"Extreme Temperatures Around the World"</a>. <i>www.mherrera.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115040834/https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mherrera.org&rft.atitle=Extreme+Temperatures+Around+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mherrera.org%2Ftemp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/extremetemps/status/1819377134688784856">"HISTORIC HEAT WAVE IN CHINA Shanghai just had its hottest night in history with a brutal minimum of 32.1C. All time high in Minhang with 40.9C and Zhuji with 41.5C. In SOUTH KOREA all time high at Donghae with 37.2C Next tweet: Hundreds of records allover Middle East. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X+%28formerly+Twitter%29&rft.atitle=HISTORIC+HEAT+WAVE+IN+CHINA+Shanghai+just+had+its+hottest+night+in+history+with+a+brutal+minimum+of+32.1C.+All+time+high+in+Minhang+with+40.9C+and+Zhuji+with+41.5C.+In+SOUTH+KOREA+all+time+high+at+Donghae+with+37.2C+Next+tweet%3A+Hundreds+of+records+allover+Middle+East.+%28By+Extreme+Temperatures+Around+The+World%29&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fextremetemps%2Fstatus%2F1819377134688784856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87----%E9%82%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%96%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E8%80%81%E6%88%BF%E5%AD%90&rft.pub=Shanghai+Archives+Bureau&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=Zhihao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.sh.cn%2Fshjy%2Fhsrw%2F201203%2Ft20120313_6271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairmont.com/peace-hotel-shanghai/hotel-history/">"FAIRMONT PEACE HOTEL – A HISTORY"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Accor" title="Accor">Accor</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007115202/https://www.fairmont.com/peace-hotel-shanghai/hotel-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Accor&rft.atitle=FAIRMONT+PEACE+HOTEL+%E2%80%93+A+HISTORY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairmont.com%2Fpeace-hotel-shanghai%2Fhotel-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everettpotter.com/2018/08/strolling-shanghais-bund-part-2/">"Strolling Shanghai's Bund (Part 2)"</a>. <i>EVERETT POTTER'S TRAVEL REPORT</i>. 13 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007115204/https://www.everettpotter.com/2018/08/strolling-shanghais-bund-part-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnngo.com&rft.atitle=Bigger+and+better%3A+The+Shanghai+Bund+is+back+%E2%80%93+CNN+Travel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnngo.com%2Fshanghai%2Fnone%2Fbund-back-182534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radical_quaintness-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-radical_quaintness_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-radical_quaintness_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldberger2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Goldberger, Paul (26 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/12/26/051226crsk_skyline">"Shanghai Surprise: The radical quaintness of the Xintiandi district"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102000836/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/12/26/051226crsk_skyline">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Surprise%3A+The+radical+quaintness+of+the+Xintiandi+district.&rft.date=2005-12-26&rft.aulast=Goldberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Farchive%2F2005%2F12%2F26%2F051226crsk_skyline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQian2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a href="/wiki/Qian_Nairong" title="Qian Nairong">Qian, Nairong</a> (2007). <bdi lang="zh">上海话大词典</bdi>. <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Lexicographical_Publishing_House" title="Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House">Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787532622481" title="Special:BookSources/9787532622481"><bdi>9787532622481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8&rft.pub=Shanghai+Lexicographical+Publishing+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9787532622481&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Nairong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/shikumen.htm">"Shikumen Residence"</a>. <i>travelchinaguide.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007115204/https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/shikumen.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Lonely+Planet+review+for+Shanghai+Exhibition+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fchina%2Fshanghai%2Fsights%2Fbuilding%2Fshanghai-exhibition-centre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscrapercenter.com/cities?list=buildings-150">"Number of 150m+ Completed Buildings – The Skyscraper Center"</a>. <i>Skyscrapercenter.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202102726/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/cities?list=buildings-150">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skyscrapercenter.com&rft.atitle=Number+of+150m%2B+Completed+Buildings+%E2%80%93+The+Skyscraper+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyscrapercenter.com%2Fcities%3Flist%3Dbuildings-150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlfred_Joyner2015" class="citation web cs1">Alfred Joyner (24 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/shanghai-tower-asias-new-tallest-skyscraper-presents-future-vision-vertical-cities-1507710">"Shanghai Tower: Asia's new tallest skyscraper presents a future vision of 'vertical cities'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>International Business Times UK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140923/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/shanghai-tower-asias-new-tallest-skyscraper-presents-future-vision-vertical-cities-1507710">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times+UK&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Tower%3A+Asia%27s+new+tallest+skyscraper+presents+a+future+vision+of+%27vertical+cities%27&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft.au=Alfred+Joyner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fshanghai-tower-asias-new-tallest-skyscraper-presents-future-vision-vertical-cities-1507710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090315053529/http://www.gensler.com/uploads/documents/pr_081128_Shanghai_Tower_11_24_2008.pdf">"Shanghai Tower News Release"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Gensler. 28 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gensler.com/uploads/documents/pr_081128_Shanghai_Tower_11_24_2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shanghai+Tower+News+Release&rft.pub=Gensler&rft.date=2008-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gensler.com%2Fuploads%2Fdocuments%2Fpr_081128_Shanghai_Tower_11_24_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matternetwork-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-matternetwork_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCleanTechies2010" class="citation web cs1">CleanTechies (25 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110703152505/http://www.matternetwork.com/2010/3/shanghai-tower-beginnings-green-revolution.cfm">"The Shanghai Tower: The Beginnings of a Green Revolution in China"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shanghai+Tower%3A+The+Beginnings+of+a+Green+Revolution+in+China&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft.au=CleanTechies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matternetwork.com%2F2010%2F3%2Fshanghai-tower-beginnings-green-revolution.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=25">"Shanghai"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SkyscraperPage" title="SkyscraperPage">SkyscraperPage</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SkyscraperPage&rft.atitle=Shanghai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskyscraperpage.com%2Fcities%2F%3FbuildingID%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.news.cn/20221028/cd72233d5f004d17896195dd8c0a7d4d/c.html">"CPC reshuffles Shanghai Party chief-Xinhua"</a>. <i>Xinhua News Agency</i>. 28 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028025233/https://english.news.cn/20221028/cd72233d5f004d17896195dd8c0a7d4d/c.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.atitle=CPC+reshuffles+Shanghai+Party+chief-Xinhua&rft.date=2022-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.news.cn%2F20221028%2Fcd72233d5f004d17896195dd8c0a7d4d%2Fc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cn/politics/20240124/fd33d8cccb1c44e894d6c0525db66603/c.html%BB%E3%80%82"><bdi lang="zh">黄莉新当选上海市人大常委会主任</bdi></a> [Huang Lixin was elected chairwoman of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress Standing Committee]. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a></i> (in Chinese (China))<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%84%E8%8E%89%E6%96%B0%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%B8%E5%A7%94%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cn%2Fpolitics%2F20240124%2Ffd33d8cccb1c44e894d6c0525db66603%2Fc.html%25BB%25E3%2580%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zaobao.com.sg/znews/greater-china/story20200324-1039566"><bdi lang="zh">龚正正式出任上海代市长</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/Lianhe_Zaobao" title="Lianhe Zaobao">Lianhe Zaobao</a>. 24 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200324072716/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/znews/greater-china/story20200324-1039566">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%BE%9A%E6%AD%A3%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%87%BA%E4%BB%BB%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BB%A3%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaobao.com.sg%2Fznews%2Fgreater-china%2Fstory20200324-1039566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dong_Yunhu-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dong_Yunhu_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cn/politics/2023-01/14/c_1129284688.htm"><bdi lang="zh">胡文容当选上海市政协主席</bdi></a> [Hu Wenrong has been elected chairman of Shanghai CPPCC] (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>. 14 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114182654/http://www.news.cn/politics/2023-01/14/c_1129284688.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E8%83%A1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%B9%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%8F%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD&rft.date=2023-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cn%2Fpolitics%2F2023-01%2F14%2Fc_1129284688.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoliticalSystem-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PoliticalSystem_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PoliticalSystem_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceMartin2013" class="citation web cs1">Lawrence, Susan; Martin, Michael (20 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf">"Understanding China's Political System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Federation of American Scientists</i>. Congressional Research Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108131300/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.atitle=Understanding+China%27s+Political+System&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Martin%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FR41007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/30178/5316277.html"><bdi lang="zh">党委书记权力究竟有多大？</bdi></a> [How much power does a Party Secretary really have?]. <bdi lang="zh">人民论坛</bdi> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a> Press. 23 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702211524/http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/30178/5316277.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%85%9A%E5%A7%94%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F30178%2F5316277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344809&nodeId=641948&type=-1"><bdi lang="zh">中国共产党上海市委员会</bdi></a>. <i>shtong.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425132615/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344809&nodeId=641948&type=-1">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shtong.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fdifangzhi-front%2Fbook%2FdetailNew%3FoneId%3D2%26bookId%3D344775%26parentNodeId%3D344809%26nodeId%3D641948%26type%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://district.ce.cn/zt/rwk/sf/sh/sw/201303/15/t20130315_767698.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">上海市委常委名单+简历</bdi></a> (in Chinese). 经济日报-中国经济网. 4 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501050811/http://district.ce.cn/zt/rwk/sf/sh/sw/201303/15/t20130315_767698.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%A7%94%E5%B8%B8%E5%A7%94%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95%2B%E7%AE%80%E5%8E%86&rft.pub=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdistrict.ce.cn%2Fzt%2Frwk%2Fsf%2Fsh%2Fsw%2F201303%2F15%2Ft20130315_767698.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1832448.stm">"Profile: Jiang Zemin"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 September 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119135557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1832448.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Jiang+Zemin&rft.date=2004-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F1832448.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKahn2003" class="citation news cs1">Kahn, Joseph (19 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/19/world/the-former-premier-who-ended-china-s-splendid-isolation.html">"The Former Premier Who Ended China's 'Splendid Isolation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126122757/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/19/world/the-former-premier-who-ended-china-s-splendid-isolation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Former+Premier+Who+Ended+China%27s+%27Splendid+Isolation%27&rft.date=2003-03-19&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F03%2F19%2Fworld%2Fthe-former-premier-who-ended-china-s-splendid-isolation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/20">"Biography of Wu Bangguo"</a>. China Vitae. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111122041621/http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/20">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Wu+Bangguo&rft.pub=China+Vitae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinavitae.com%2Fbiography%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYardley2007" class="citation news cs1">Yardley, Jim (2 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/02/world/asia/02huang.html">"Huang Ju, Powerful Chinese Official, Dies at 68"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717152632/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/02/world/asia/02huang.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Huang+Ju%2C+Powerful+Chinese+Official%2C+Dies+at+68&rft.date=2007-06-02&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F02%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F02huang.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Xi_Jinping">"Biography of Xi Jinping"</a>. China Vitae. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014020753/http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Xi_Jinping">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Xi+Jinping&rft.pub=China+Vitae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinavitae.com%2Fbiography%2FXi_Jinping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Yu_Zhengsheng">"Biography of Yu Zhengsheng"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAIC+Motor&rft.atitle=SAIC+Motor+ranks+84th+on+Fortune+Global+500+list&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saicmotor.com%2Fenglish%2Flatest_news%2Fsaic_motor%2F58869.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHirata2024" class="citation book cs1">Hirata, Koji (2024). <i>Making Mao's Steelworks: Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism</i>. Cambridge Studies in the History of the People's Republic of China series. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+JC&rft.atitle=The+Jews+of+Shanghai&rft.date=2019-12-15&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Flifestyle%2Ftravel%2Fholidays%2Fthe-jews-of-shanghai-china-1.494295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filination.com/blog/2011/03/20/shanghai-jewish-refugees-museum-ohel-moishe-synagogue/">"Jewish Refugees Museum : Ohel Moishe Synagogue Shanghai"</a>. <i>Visions of Travel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410195934/http://www.filination.com/blog/2011/03/20/shanghai-jewish-refugees-museum-ohel-moishe-synagogue/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visions+of+Travel&rft.atitle=Jewish+Refugees+Museum+%3A+Ohel+Moishe+Synagogue+Shanghai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filination.com%2Fblog%2F2011%2F03%2F20%2Fshanghai-jewish-refugees-museum-ohel-moishe-synagogue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1071705">"Harry Fiedler and other students wave Zionist flags during a celebration at the Kadoorie School"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Fiedler+and+other+students+wave+Zionist+flags+during+a+celebration+at+the+Kadoorie+School.&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.ushmm.org%2Fsearch%2Fcatalog%2Fpa1071705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041825/http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zj-yisilan/"><bdi lang="zh">上海市伊斯兰教概</bdi></a> [An overview of Islam in Shanghai]. <i>Shanghai Ethnic and Religions</i> (in Chinese). 19 September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zj-yisilan/">the original</a> on 23 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.topchinatravel.com&rft.atitle=Muslim+in+Shanghai%3A+Muslim+Population%2C+Market%2C+Restaurant%2C+Mosques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topchinatravel.com%2Fchina-muslim%2Fmuslim-in-shanghai.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node71994/node81772/node81777/node81790/userobject1ai109134.html"><bdi lang="zh">海上道教名观：白云观</bdi></a> [Shanghai's famous taoism temple: Shanghai White Cloud Temple]. <i>Office of Shanghai Chronicles</i> (in Chinese). 27 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616204742/http://shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node71994/node81772/node81777/node81790/userobject1ai109134.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E8%A7%82%EF%BC%9A%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E8%A7%82&rft.date=2009-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2FNewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode71994%2Fnode81772%2Fnode81777%2Fnode81790%2Fuserobject1ai109134.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjfx/20140207/0014-266714.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海市民语言应用能力调查.</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. 7 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505100756/https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjfx/20140207/0014-266714.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Shanghai Municipal Government. 19 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026022539/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2315/nw17239/nw17245/u21aw1304192.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E8%80%83%E5%90%8D%E9%A2%9D%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83+%E2%80%9C%E5%9B%9B%E6%A0%A1%E2%80%9D65%25%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%90%8D%E9%A2%9D%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D&rft.pub=Shanghai+Municipal+Government&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fnw2%2Fnw2314%2Fnw2315%2Fnw17239%2Fnw17245%2Fu21aw1304192.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnr.cn/native/city/201409/t20140919_516469262.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">上海市公布深化高校考试招生制度综合改革试点方案</bdi></a>. <i>CNR.cn</i> (in Chinese (China)). 19 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026022541/http://news.cnr.cn/native/city/201409/t20140919_516469262.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNR.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E6%B7%B1%E5%8C%96%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E8%AF%95%E7%82%B9%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&rft.date=2014-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnr.cn%2Fnative%2Fcity%2F201409%2Ft20140919_516469262.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptcc.com/Load_yongkafanwei.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海公共交通卡用卡范围</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Shanghai Public Transport Card. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121818/http://www.sptcc.com/Load_yongkafanwei.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%8D%A1+%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4&rft.pub=Shanghai+Public+Transport+Card&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptcc.com%2FLoad_yongkafanwei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ridership_record-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ridership_record_260-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KOD05sMk2b_fe_qXZb7KpQ"><bdi lang="zh">3月8日上海地铁客流创历史新高</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a></i> (in Chinese). Shanghai Metro. 9 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210219060732/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KOD05sMk2b_fe_qXZb7KpQ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WeChat&rft.atitle=3%E6%9C%888%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E5%AE%A2%E6%B5%81%E5%88%9B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%B0%E9%AB%98&rft.date=2019-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmp.weixin.qq.com%2Fs%2FKOD05sMk2b_fe_qXZb7KpQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meet-in-shanghai.net/travel-city/transportation/metro.php">"Metro & Maglev Train"</a>. <i>The Official Shanghai China Travel Website</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190614073835/http://www.meet-in-shanghai.net/travel-city/transportation/metro.php">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Shanghai+China+Travel+Website&rft.atitle=Metro+%26+Maglev+Train&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meet-in-shanghai.net%2Ftravel-city%2Ftransportation%2Fmetro.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunt2017" class="citation news cs1">Hunt, Hugh (19 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html">"How we can make super-fast hyperloop travel a reality"</a>. Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005348/http://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+we+can+make+super-fast+hyperloop+travel+a+reality&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fstudent%2Fstudent-life%2Ftechnology-gaming%2Fhow-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/2006-04/26/content_266848.htm"><bdi lang="zh">上海磁悬浮列车示范运营线通过验收</bdi></a>. <i>gov.cn</i> (in Chinese). 26 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902035358/http://www.gov.cn/2006-04/26/content_266848.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%A3%81%E6%82%AC%E6%B5%AE%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A4%BA%E8%8C%83%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E7%BA%BF%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E9%AA%8C%E6%94%B6&rft.date=2006-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2F2006-04%2F26%2Fcontent_266848.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902035358/http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2019-04/17/c_137983412.htm"><bdi lang="zh">沪地铁2号线19日起末班车时间延后部分列车直通浦东机场</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua News">Xinhua News</a></i> (in Chinese). 17 April 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2019-04/17/c_137983412.htm">the original</a> on 2 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+News&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%AA%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%812%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF19%E6%97%A5%E8%B5%B7%E6%9C%AB%E7%8F%AD%E8%BD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%BB%B6%E5%90%8E+%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%9A%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsh.xinhuanet.com%2F2019-04%2F17%2Fc_137983412.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://google.com/maps/dir/%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA/%E9%BE%99%E9%98%B3%E8%B7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E7%AB%99+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD">"Google Maps"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200323113302/https://www.google.com/maps/dir/%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA/%E9%BE%99%E9%98%B3%E8%B7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E7%AB%99+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoogle.com%2Fmaps%2Fdir%2F%25E6%25B5%25A6%25E4%25B8%259C%25E5%259B%25BD%25E9%2599%2585%25E6%259C%25BA%25E5%259C%25BA%2B%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E5%25B8%2582%25E6%25B5%25A6%25E4%25B8%259C%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%258C%25BA%2F%25E9%25BE%2599%25E9%2598%25B3%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E5%259C%25B0%25E9%2593%2581%25E7%25AB%2599%2B%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E5%25B8%2582%25E6%25B5%25A6%25E4%25B8%259C%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%258C%25BA%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25BA%25AA%25E5%2585%25AC%25E5%259B%25AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rainieis.tw/maglev-train"><bdi lang="zh">上海磁浮列車 Shanghai Maglev Train 票價、時刻表、班距、轉乘資訊分享</bdi></a>. <i>rainieis.tw</i> (in Chinese). 13 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902083521/https://rainieis.tw/maglev-train">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rainieis.tw&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%A3%81%E6%B5%AE%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A+Shanghai+Maglev+Train+%E7%A5%A8%E5%83%B9%E3%80%81%E6%99%82%E5%88%BB%E8%A1%A8%E3%80%81%E7%8F%AD%E8%B7%9D%E3%80%81%E8%BD%89%E4%B9%98%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frainieis.tw%2Fmaglev-train&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarr2007" class="citation book cs1">Warr, Anne (2007). <i>Shanghai Architecture</i>. The Watermark Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-949284-76-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-949284-76-1"><bdi>978-0-949284-76-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanghai+Architecture&rft.pub=The+Watermark+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-949284-76-1&rft.aulast=Warr&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node64620/node64630/node64705/node64711/userobject1ai58515.html"><bdi lang="zh">第三节公共交通</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. 5 September 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160627182759/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node64620/node64630/node64705/node64711/userobject1ai58515.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%8A%82+%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft.date=2003-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2FNewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode2245%2Fnode64620%2Fnode64630%2Fnode64705%2Fnode64711%2Fuserobject1ai58515.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node4516/node55031/node55112/node55128/userobject1ai42410.html"><bdi lang="zh">第三节轨线</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. 30 December 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427214528/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node4516/node55031/node55112/node55128/userobject1ai42410.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%A6%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%AC%AC13%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%A1%94%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5%EF%BC%8C%E9%99%A4%E4%BA%86%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%22%E8%B5%B0%22%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%8E%E4%BC%97%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfdaily.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D96784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatsonweibo.com/ofo-mobike-bluegogo-chinas-messy-bikeshare-market/">"Ofo, Mobike, BlueGogo: China's Messy Bikeshare Market"</a>. <i>What's on Weibo</i>. 28 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806025220/http://www.whatsonweibo.com/ofo-mobike-bluegogo-chinas-messy-bikeshare-market/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=What%27s+on+Weibo&rft.atitle=Ofo%2C+Mobike%2C+BlueGogo%3A+China%27s+Messy+Bikeshare+Market&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonweibo.com%2Fofo-mobike-bluegogo-chinas-messy-bikeshare-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citynewsservice.cn/service/%5BHai-Guide%5D-Everything-you-need-to-know-about-those-shared-bikes-qyjar4kb0vmxp63w">"[Hai Guide] Everything you need to know about those shared bikes"</a>. <i>www.citynewsservice.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citynewsservice.cn&rft.atitle=%5BHai+Guide%5D+Everything+you+need+to+know+about+those+shared+bikes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citynewsservice.cn%2Fservice%2F%255BHai-Guide%255D-Everything-you-need-to-know-about-those-shared-bikes-qyjar4kb0vmxp63w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do?id=128912">"zh:共享单车最新调查上海共享单车一年时间缩水一大半，"共享经济"是伪命题吗？"</a> [The latest survey of shared bicycles]. <i>Shanghai Observer</i> (in Chinese). 23 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191117003939/https://www.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do%3Fid%3D128912">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Observer&rft.atitle=zh%3A%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E5%8D%95%E8%BD%A6%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5+%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E5%8D%95%E8%BD%A6%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%BC%A9%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%8A%EF%BC%8C%22%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%22%E6%98%AF%E4%BC%AA%E5%91%BD%E9%A2%98%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfdaily.com%2Fwx%2Fdetail.do%3Fid%3D128912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=184394"><bdi lang="zh">10月沪牌拍卖结果出炉：中标率6.1%，最低成交价8.93万元</bdi></a>. <i>Shanghai Observer</i> (in Chinese). 26 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Observer&rft.atitle=10%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%AA%E7%89%8C%E6%8B%8D%E5%8D%96%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E5%87%BA%E7%82%89%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%A0%87%E7%8E%876.1%25%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E6%88%90%E4%BA%A4%E4%BB%B78.93%E4%B8%87%E5%85%83&rft.date=2019-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfdaily.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D184394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807171929/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw32419/nw32422/nw32426/nw32487/u21aw1139737.html"><bdi lang="zh">沪牌拍卖规定修订完善调整申请人资格条件名下已有沪牌额度的不可再参拍</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Government. 19 June 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw32419/nw32422/nw32426/nw32487/u21aw1139737.html">the original</a> on 7 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%AA%E7%89%8C%E6%8B%8D%E5%8D%96%E8%A7%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2%E5%AE%8C%E5%96%84%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%B7%E4%BA%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%A0%BC%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6+%E5%90%8D%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%B2%E6%9C%89%E6%B2%AA%E7%89%8C%E9%A2%9D%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%8D&rft.pub=Shanghai+Municipal+Government&rft.date=2016-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fnw2%2Fnw2314%2Fnw32419%2Fnw32422%2Fnw32426%2Fnw32487%2Fu21aw1139737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2023" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Mike (17 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/china-public-transit-system-continues-093000914.html">"China's public transit system continues to set world records — here's what the U.S. could learn"</a>. Yahoo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505092853/https://news.yahoo.com/china-public-transit-system-continues-093000914.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China%27s+public+transit+system+continues+to+set+world+records+%E2%80%94+here%27s+what+the+U.S.+could+learn&rft.date=2023-08-17&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fchina-public-transit-system-continues-093000914.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maxviewrealty.com/Car_and_Driving.html">"Living in Shanghai Guide"</a>. <i>Maxview realty</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505133019/https://www.maxviewrealty.com/Car_and_Driving.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maxview+realty&rft.atitle=Living+in+Shanghai+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maxviewrealty.com%2FCar_and_Driving.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expatarrivals.com/asia-pacific/china/shanghai/getting-around-shanghai">"Getting around in Shanghai"</a>. <i>Expat Arrivals</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393292398" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393292398"><bdi>978-0393292398</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+World+View%3A+Demystifying+China+to+Prevent+Global+Conflict&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0393292398&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=David+Daokui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mafengwo.cn/travel-news/220572.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海有哪几个火车站，上海站是哪个站，上海有几个火车站</bdi></a>. <i>mafengwo.cn</i> (in Chinese). 2 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901053008/http://www.mafengwo.cn/travel-news/220572.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mafengwo.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E5%87%A0%E4%B8%AA%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%AB%99%E6%98%AF%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%9C%89%E5%87%A0%E4%B8%AA%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mafengwo.cn%2Ftravel-news%2F220572.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node82288/node82292/node82361/userobject1ai111346.html">"Songhu Railway"</a>. Office of Shanghai Chronicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919022647/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node82288/node82292/node82361/userobject1ai111346.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Songhu+Railway&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fnode2%2Fnode82288%2Fnode82292%2Fnode82361%2Fuserobject1ai111346.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn/szbook/slsz/tlp/default.htm"><bdi lang="zh">第一节沪宁线</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">江苏交通志·铁路篇</bdi> (in Chinese). Jiangsu People's Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232421/http://jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn/szbook/slsz/tlp/default.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%8A%82+%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81%E7%BA%BF&rft.pub=Jiangsu+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn%2Fszbook%2Fslsz%2Ftlp%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2245/node68716/node68721/node68756/node68828/userobject1ai66529.html"><bdi lang="zh">第一节修建</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. 25 December 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427144741/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node68716/node68721/node68756/node68828/userobject1ai66529.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%8A%82+%E4%BF%AE%E5%BB%BA&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft.date=2003-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fnewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode2245%2Fnode68716%2Fnode68721%2Fnode68756%2Fnode68828%2Fuserobject1ai66529.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cihai-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cihai_294-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF辞海编辑委员会1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">辞海编辑委员会, ed. 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It will take just an hour to travel from Nantong to Shanghai] (in Chinese). 24 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515191925/http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-12/2012122419242969.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%AA%E9%80%9A%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%BB%BA+%E5%8D%97%E9%80%9A%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BB%85%E9%9C%80%E4%B8%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6&rft.date=2012-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.huochepiao.com%2F2012-12%2F2012122419242969.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hz.fccs.com/news/5531232.html"><bdi lang="zh">最新进展！沪苏湖高铁今年10月底前开工建设</bdi></a> [Latest progress! Construction of the Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou high-speed railway will begin before the end of October this year.] (in Chinese). 15 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812082854/http://hz.fccs.com/news/5531232.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%9B%E5%B1%95%EF%BC%81%E6%B2%AA%E8%8B%8F%E6%B9%96%E9%AB%98%E9%93%81%E4%BB%8A%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E5%BA%95%E5%89%8D%E5%BC%80%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhz.fccs.com%2Fnews%2F5531232.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-envir20160218-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-envir20160218_297-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160218458.htm"><bdi lang="zh">上海市轨道交通近期建设规划(2017-2025)环境影响评价公示</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">上海环境热线</bdi> (in Chinese). 18 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055306/http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160218458.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%282017-2025%29%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BA&rft.date=2016-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.envir.gov.cn%2Fdocs%2F2016%2F20160218458.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-envir20160418-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-envir20160418_298-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-envir20160418_298-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160418709.htm"><bdi lang="zh">上海市轨道交通近期建设规划(2017-2025)环境影响评价第二次公示</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">上海环境热线</bdi> (in Chinese). 18 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506185941/http://www.envir.gov.cn/docs/2016/20160418709.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%282017-2025%29%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BA&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.envir.gov.cn%2Fdocs%2F2016%2F20160418709.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1511321"><bdi lang="zh">上海规土局：机场联络线和嘉闵线已明确采用市郊铁路制式</bdi></a>. <i><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" class="extiw" title="zh:澎湃新闻">The Paper</a></i> (in Chinese). 10 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160810070018/http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1511321">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paper&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%A7%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E7%BA%BF%E5%92%8C%E5%98%89%E9%97%B5%E7%BA%BF%E5%B7%B2%E6%98%8E%E7%A1%AE%E9%87%87%E7%94%A8%E5%B8%82%E9%83%8A%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%88%B6%E5%BC%8F&rft.date=2016-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepaper.cn%2FnewsDetail_forward_1511321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChan2019" class="citation web cs1">Chan, KG (15 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/08/article/new-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn/">"New satellite terminals to propel Shanghai's ascent"</a>. <i>Asia Times Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821174057/https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/08/article/new-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times+Online&rft.atitle=New+satellite+terminals+to+propel+Shanghai%27s+ascent&rft.date=2019-08-15&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=KG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiatimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2Farticle%2Fnew-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230072918/http://www.shanghaifocus.com/guide/Shanghai/transportation-index.html">"Transportation"</a>. Shanghai Focus. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghaifocus.com/guide/Shanghai/transportation-index.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transportation&rft.pub=Shanghai+Focus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghaifocus.com%2Fguide%2FShanghai%2Ftransportation-index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aerodata-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aerodata_302-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aerodata_302-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released">"Preliminary world airport traffic rankings released"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</a></i>. 13 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910062136/https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airports+Council+International&rft.atitle=Preliminary+world+airport+traffic+rankings+released&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faci.aero%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F13%2Fpreliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR2019.pdf"><i>2019 Annual Airport Traffic Report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127110141/https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2019+Annual+Airport+Traffic+Report&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Port+Authority+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey.&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panynj.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fairports%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-general-info%2Fannual-atr%2FATR2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-09-12/164610990261.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">上海：一个城市的传奇和梦想</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sina_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina News">Sina News</a></i> (in Chinese). 12 September 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112053622/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-09-12/164610990261.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sina+News&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87%E5%92%8C%E6%A2%A6%E6%83%B3&rft.date=2006-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2006-09-12%2F164610990261.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/33/09/330922.html"><bdi lang="zh">2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：嵊泗县</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a></i> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190610191432/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/33/09/330922.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.atitle=2017%E5%B9%B4%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%8E%E4%B9%A1%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%9A%E5%B5%8A%E6%B3%97%E5%8E%BF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Ftjbz%2Ftjyqhdmhcxhfdm%2F2017%2F33%2F09%2F330922.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_621944.html">"Shanghai overtakes S'pore as world's busiest port"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 8 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815030034/http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_621944.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mytravels.asia&rft.atitle=The+Shanghai+Post+Office+Museum&rft.date=2017-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mytravels.asia%2Fshanghai-post-office-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kankanews-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kankanews_327-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704135853/http://shanghai.kankanews.com/c/2014-05-04/0014691475.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">看懂上海：上海本帮菜</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">看看新闻</bdi> (in Chinese (China)). 4 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shanghai.kankanews.com/c/2014-05-04/0014691475.shtml">the original</a> on 4 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theculturetrip.com&rft.atitle=A+Brief+Intro+to+Shanghai+%22Hu%22+Cuisine&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fasia%2Fchina%2Farticles%2Fa-brief-intro-to-shanghai-hu-cuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPanDuan2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Pan, Junxiang; Duan, Lian (2007). <bdi lang="zh">顺应上海人口味的海派西餐</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ocpibm_gSMYC"><bdi lang="zh">话说沪商</bdi></a>. 中华工商联合出版社. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787801934925" title="Special:BookSources/9787801934925"><bdi>9787801934925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%94%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%B3%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%BE%E8%A5%BF%E9%A4%90&rft.btitle=%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%B4%E6%B2%AA%E5%95%86&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9787801934925&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Junxiang&rft.au=Duan%2C+Lian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOcpibm_gSMYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2647089"><bdi lang="zh">上海故事“吃西菜到红房子”：海派西餐那些事</bdi></a>. <i><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" class="extiw" title="zh:澎湃新闻">The Paper</a></i> (in Chinese). 19 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218061602/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2647089">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.shanghai.gov.cn&rft.atitle=Steamed+Meat+Bun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fen-SpecialtyFood%2F20231214%2F5e949cf6f7cd4109a903ff1e37e3b7ec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710121022/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/1b1c394feda144c283df2abd3e8b2cec.html">"Pan-fried Buns"</a>. <i>english.shanghai.gov.cn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/1b1c394feda144c283df2abd3e8b2cec.html">the original</a> on 10 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/0e8ff0805e0a47cea153f3907a6fc744.html">the original</a> on 10 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.shanghai.gov.cn&rft.atitle=Scallion+Oil+Noodles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fen-SpecialtyFood%2F20231205%2F0e8ff0805e0a47cea153f3907a6fc744.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710122715/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20240111/e8d99f859eb64285adaebee1a7139aa2.html">"Pork Chops and Rice Cakes"</a>. <i>english.shanghai.gov.cn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20240111/e8d99f859eb64285adaebee1a7139aa2.html">the original</a> on 10 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/d4da0aa86da24fee90f85a957ea78f3a.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%8D%E7%AC%A6&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft.au=%E5%B4%94%E5%BA%86%E5%9B%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artron.net%2F20090409%2Fn74083.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2247/node4596/node79720/node79730/userobject1ai102937.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海通志>>第三十八卷文化艺术（上）>>第六章美术、书法、摄影>>节</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927072850/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2247/node4596/node79720/node79730/userobject1ai102937.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Office of Shanghai Chronicles<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%BF%97%E3%80%8B%3E%3E1989%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%9F%3E%3E%22%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE%22%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fnewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode70393%2Fnode70403%2Fnode72565%2Fnode72684%2Fuserobject1ai82593.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF單國霖2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">單國霖 (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904234819/http://www.mam.gov.mo/MAM_WS/ShowFile.ashx?p=mam2013/pdf_theses/635645338411647.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">董其昌與松江畫派</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>mam.gov.mo</i> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mam.gov.mo/MAM_WS/ShowFile.ashx?p=mam2013/pdf_theses/635645338411647.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mam.gov.mo&rft.atitle=%E8%91%A3%E5%85%B6%E6%98%8C%E8%88%87%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E7%95%AB%E6%B4%BE&rft.date=2005-05&rft.au=%E5%96%AE%E5%9C%8B%E9%9C%96&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mam.gov.mo%2FMAM_WS%2FShowFile.ashx%3Fp%3Dmam2013%2Fpdf_theses%2F635645338411647.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sohu.com/a/302172277_741281"><bdi lang="zh">海上画派的艺术特点及对后世的影响</bdi></a>. <i>sohu.com</i> (in Chinese). 18 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905042208/http://www.sohu.com/a/302172277_741281">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sohu.com&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8F%8A%E5%AF%B9%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F302172277_741281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sohu.com/a/242151956_786067"><bdi lang="zh">171年前一个西班牙人来到上海，西洋绘画由此传播开来</bdi></a>. <i>sohu.com</i> (in Chinese). 17 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905042207/http://www.sohu.com/a/242151956_786067">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnow.com.cn/CommonPage/ArtOrgDetail.aspx?ChannelID=480&OrganizationId=827">the original</a> on 27 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.sh.cn/docs/200802/d_158621.html">the original</a> on 9 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%A2%85%E5%85%B0%E8%8A%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E6%AC%A1%E5%87%BA%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E5%87%BA%28%E9%99%84%E5%9B%BE%29&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.sh.cn%2Fdocs%2F200802%2Fd_158621.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yule.sohu.com/20070201/n247975025.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">怀想当年"越剧十姐妹"绍兴将共演《山河恋》</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sohu" title="Sohu">Sohu</a> Entertainment</i>. 1 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305025651/http://yule.sohu.com/20070201/n247975025.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sohu+Entertainment&rft.atitle=%E6%80%80%E6%83%B3%E5%BD%93%E5%B9%B4%22%E8%B6%8A%E5%89%A7%E5%8D%81%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9%22%E7%BB%8D%E5%85%B4%E5%B0%86%E5%85%B1%E6%BC%94%E3%80%8A%E5%B1%B1%E6%B2%B3%E6%81%8B%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2007-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyule.sohu.com%2F20070201%2Fn247975025.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStock2003" class="citation book cs1">Stock, Jonathan (2003). <i>Huju: Traditional Opera in modern Shanghai</i>. Oxford; New York : Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0197262732" title="Special:BookSources/0197262732"><bdi>0197262732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huju%3A+Traditional+Opera+in+modern+Shanghai&rft.pub=Oxford%3B+New+York+%3A+Published+for+the+British+Academy+by+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0197262732&rft.aulast=Stock&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shchineseoperas.org/Troupe.aspx?pagetype=xsty"><bdi lang="zh">所属院团</bdi></a>. Shanghai Center of Chinese Operas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203170823/http://www.shchineseoperas.org/Troupe.aspx?pagetype=xsty">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%89%80%E5%B1%9E%E9%99%A2%E5%9B%A2&rft.pub=Shanghai+Center+of+Chinese+Operas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shchineseoperas.org%2FTroupe.aspx%3Fpagetype%3Dxsty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211044131/http://www.godpp.gov.cn/wmzh/2008-02/21/content_12509540_2.htm"><bdi lang="zh">剧变沧桑：第1集舞台西洋风</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">文明网</bdi>. 21 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.godpp.gov.cn/wmzh/2008-02/21/content_12509540_2.htm">the original</a> on 11 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%89%A7%E5%8F%98%E6%B2%A7%E6%A1%91%EF%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC1%E9%9B%86+%E8%88%9E%E5%8F%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%A3%8E&rft.date=2009-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.godpp.gov.cn%2Fwmzh%2F2008-02%2F21%2Fcontent_12509540_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134944/http://www.ceeh.com.cn/html/news/2007/07/02/200707020235280_0.html"><bdi lang="zh">话剧百年 "兰心"之韵</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">城市经济导报</bdi> (in Chinese). 11 March 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceeh.com.cn/html/news/2007/07/02/200707020235280_0.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%AF%9D%E5%89%A7%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4+%22%E5%85%B0%E5%BF%83%22%E4%B9%8B%E9%9F%B5&rft.date=2001-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeh.com.cn%2Fhtml%2Fnews%2F2007%2F07%2F02%2F200707020235280_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602191309/https://www.timeoutshanghai.com/venue/Around_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas/12827/Shanghai-Film-Museum.html">"Shanghai Film Museum"</a>. <i>timeoutshanghai.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeoutshanghai.com/venue/Around_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas/12827/Shanghai-Film-Museum.html">the original</a> on 2 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeoutshanghai.com&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Film+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeoutshanghai.com%2Fvenue%2FAround_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas%2F12827%2FShanghai-Film-Museum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516170423/https://vitomag.com/history/fw7zt9.html"><bdi lang="zh">中國電影史｜孤兒救祖記</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">繪琳美育</bdi> (in Chinese). 4 April 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vitomag.com/history/fw7zt9">the original</a> on 16 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2%EF%BD%9C%E5%AD%A4%E5%85%92%E6%95%91%E7%A5%96%E8%A8%98&rft.date=2020-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvitomag.com%2Fhistory%2Ffw7zt9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHHKFilm-357"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SHHKFilm_357-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baywatch.cn/a/lunwenziliao/wentilunwen/xianggangdianyinglunwen/2013/0831/25193.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海电影对香港电影的影响</bdi></a> [The influence of Shanghai film on Hong Kong film]. <bdi lang="zh">香港电影论文</bdi> (in Chinese). 31 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191003035140/https://www.baywatch.cn/a/lunwenziliao/wentilunwen/xianggangdianyinglunwen/2013/0831/25193.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%AF%B9%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&rft.date=2013-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baywatch.cn%2Fa%2Flunwenziliao%2Fwentilunwen%2Fxianggangdianyinglunwen%2F2013%2F0831%2F25193.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/28/movies/film-setting-his-tale-of-love-found-in-a-city-long-lost.html">"Setting His Tale Of Love Found In a City Long Lost"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 28 January 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215074041/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/28/movies/film-setting-his-tale-of-love-found-in-a-city-long-lost.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Setting+His+Tale+Of+Love+Found+In+a+City+Long+Lost&rft.date=2001-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F01%2F28%2Fmovies%2Ffilm-setting-his-tale-of-love-found-in-a-city-long-lost.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanghai/when-to-go.htm">"Top 10 Festivals in Shanghai"</a>. <i>www.travelchinaguide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%8A%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE+COLLECTION&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghaifashionweek.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D68293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeisa_Barnett2008" class="citation web cs1">Leisa Barnett (27 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018173530/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx">"Aminaka Wilmont to show in Shanghai (Vogue.com UK)"</a>. <i>Vogue</i>. UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx">the original</a> on 18 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vogue&rft.atitle=Aminaka+Wilmont+to+show+in+Shanghai+%28Vogue.com+UK%29&rft.date=2008-10-27&rft.au=Leisa+Barnett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2F081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/scene/2010/10/21/shanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off/">"Photos of Shanghai Fashion Week – Scene Asia – Scene Asia – WSJ"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. 21 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111216144231/http://blogs.wsj.com/scene/2010/10/21/shanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Photos+of+Shanghai+Fashion+Week+%E2%80%93+Scene+Asia+%E2%80%93+Scene+Asia+%E2%80%93+WSJ&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fscene%2F2010%2F10%2F21%2Fshanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-绿地宣布接手申花_朱骏时代宣告终结-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-绿地宣布接手申花_朱骏时代宣告终结_363-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.163.com/14/0131/15/9JU8EDUS00051C89.html">"绿地宣布接手申花朱骏时代宣告终结"</a> (in Chinese). sports.163.com. 1 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220527/http://sports.163.com/14/0131/15/9JU8EDUS00051C89.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%BB%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%8B%E7%94%B3%E8%8A%B1+%E6%9C%B1%E9%AA%8F%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%A3%E5%91%8A%E7%BB%88%E7%BB%93&rft.pub=sports.163.com&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.163.com%2F14%2F0131%2F15%2F9JU8EDUS00051C89.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.sina.com.cn/china/j/2018-11-07/doc-ihmutuea7981747.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">新王登基！上港终夺中超冠军再也不是"千年老二"</bdi></a>. <i>Sina Sports</i> (in Chinese). 7 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111071905/http://sports.sina.com.cn/china/j/2018-11-07/doc-ihmutuea7981747.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sina+Sports&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%8E%8B%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%EF%BC%81%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%AF%E7%BB%88%E5%A4%BA%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%85%E5%86%A0%E5%86%9B+%E5%86%8D%E4%B9%9F%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%22%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E8%80%81%E4%BA%8C%22&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.sina.com.cn%2Fchina%2Fj%2F2018-11-07%2Fdoc-ihmutuea7981747.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504202947/http://www.shanghaisharks.cn/"><bdi lang="zh">上海哔哩哔哩篮球俱乐部官方网站</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%93%94%E5%93%A9%E5%93%94%E5%93%A9%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E4%B9%90%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft.pub=Shanghai+Sharks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghaisharks.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yao_ming-366"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yao_ming_366-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yao_ming_366-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPassa" class="citation news cs1">Passa, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111130114954/http://news.yahoo.com/chinese-great-yao-ming-retires-basketball-060633532.html">"Chinese great Yao Ming retires from basketball"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Warns+Children+to+Stay+Indoors+on+Haze%2C+PM2.5+Surge&rft.date=2013-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2013-12-26%2Fshanghai-issues-air-pollution-warning-as-pm2-5-surges-overnight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-pollution-idUSBRE9B508X20131206">"Flights delayed as air pollution hits record in Shanghai"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. Reuters Editorial. 6 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016034759/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/06/us-china-pollution-idUSBRE9B508X20131206">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Flights+delayed+as+air+pollution+hits+record+in+Shanghai&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-pollution-idUSBRE9B508X20131206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liu_Chen-yao-392"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liu_Chen-yao_392-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liu_Chen-yao_392-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiu_Chenyao" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liu Chenyao. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinanews.com/tp/hd2011/2013/12-04/272975.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">中国出现入冬以来最大范围雾霾局地严重污染</bdi></a> [Smog levels in China reach record levels since the end of 2013; surrounding areas severely polluted] (in Simplified Chinese). China news agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212001427/http://www.chinanews.com/tp/hd2011/2013/12-04/272975.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%BA%E7%8E%B0%E5%85%A5%E5%86%AC%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E9%9B%BE%E9%9C%BE+%E5%B1%80%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%A5%E9%87%8D%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93&rft.pub=China+news+agency&rft.au=Liu+Chenyao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinanews.com%2Ftp%2Fhd2011%2F2013%2F12-04%2F272975.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212111750/http://www.farmer.com.cn/xwpd/dfny/201312/t20131206_920714.htm"><bdi lang="zh">上海今日PM<sub>2.5</sub>均值超600 高楼在雾霾中若隐若现</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farmer.com.cn/xwpd/dfny/201312/t20131206_920714.htm">the original</a> on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5PM%3Csub%3E2.5%3C%2Fsub%3E%E5%9D%87%E5%80%BC%E8%B6%85600+%E9%AB%98%E6%A5%BC%E5%9C%A8%E9%9B%BE%E9%9C%BE%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%A5%E9%9A%90%E8%8B%A5%E7%8E%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farmer.com.cn%2Fxwpd%2Fdfny%2F201312%2Ft20131206_920714.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131210232250/http://www.kankanews.com/a/2013-12-06/0013905638.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">新闻晨报：释疑——重度污染为何不发霾红色预警</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">上视新闻频道-上海早晨栏目</bdi>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kankanews.com/a/2013-12-06/0013905638.shtml">the original</a> on 10 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E6%99%A8%E6%8A%A5%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8A%E7%96%91%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%A6%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%91%E9%9C%BE%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E9%A2%84%E8%AD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kankanews.com%2Fa%2F2013-12-06%2F0013905638.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1374386/children-and-elderly-told-stay-home-severe-smog-continues-envelop?_ga=1.70899472.1277584320.1394050026">"Shanghai grinds to a halt as smog nears top of air pollution scale"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 7 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140324174056/http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1374386/children-and-elderly-told-stay-home-severe-smog-continues-envelop?_ga=1.70899472.1277584320.1394050026">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Shanghai+grinds+to+a+halt+as+smog+nears+top+of+air+pollution+scale&rft.date=2013-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Farticle%2F1374386%2Fchildren-and-elderly-told-stay-home-severe-smog-continues-envelop%3F_ga%3D1.70899472.1277584320.1394050026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yangxiongannouncement-396"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yangxiongannouncement_396-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yangxiongannouncement_396-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stock.cnstock.com/stock/smk_gszbs/201401/2893760.htm"><bdi lang="zh">上海将采取三大措施治理空气污染</bdi></a> [Three main measures will be taken against Shanghai's air pollution]. <i>cnstock.com</i> (in Simplified Chinese). 24 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817112414/http://stock.cnstock.com/stock/smk_gszbs/201401/2893760.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnstock.com&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%86%E9%87%87%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93&rft.date=2014-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstock.cnstock.com%2Fstock%2Fsmk_gszbs%2F201401%2F2893760.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Qiu" title="Jane Qiu">Qiu, Jane</a>. <i>Fight against smog ramps up</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/fight-against-smog-ramps-up-1.14730">Nature</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508205301/http://www.nature.com/news/fight-against-smog-ramps-up-1.14730">Archived</a> 8 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 18 February 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202065049/http://sthj.sh.gov.cn/shhj2133/shhj2135/2014/11/87966.htm"><bdi lang="zh">2013年大气环境保护情况统计数据</bdi></a> [Atmospheric environmental protection data 2013] (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment. 15 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sthj.sh.gov.cn/shhj2133/shhj2135/2014/11/87966.htm">the original</a> on 2 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&rft.pub=Shanghai+Municipal+Bureau+of+Ecology+and+Environment&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsthj.sh.gov.cn%2Fshhj2133%2Fshhj2135%2F2014%2F11%2F87966.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202065028/http://sthj.sh.gov.cn/shhj2133/shhj2135/2019/11/113338.htm"><bdi lang="zh">2018年上海市大气环境保护情况统计数据</bdi></a> [Atmospheric environmental protection data of Shanghai 2018] (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment. 21 November 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sthj.sh.gov.cn/shhj2133/shhj2135/2019/11/113338.htm">the original</a> on 2 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&rft.pub=Shanghai+Municipal+Bureau+of+Ecology+and+Environment&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsthj.sh.gov.cn%2Fshhj2133%2Fshhj2135%2F2019%2F11%2F113338.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20240321/f66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html">"2023年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报_统计公报_上海市统计局"</a>. <i>Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Municipal+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=2023%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5_%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5_%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2F20240321%2Ff66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrescoe2016" class="citation web cs1">Grescoe, Taras (26 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2016/nov/26/shanghai-suzhou-creek-clean-up-redevelopment">"Shanghai's Suzhou Creek cleans up its act"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Shanghai%27s+Suzhou+Creek+cleans+up+its+act&rft.date=2016-11-26&rft.aulast=Grescoe&rft.aufirst=Taras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2016%2Fnov%2F26%2Fshanghai-suzhou-creek-clean-up-redevelopment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOuyang2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ouyang, Tianjun (28 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinawater.com.cn/newscenter/df/sh/201203/t20120328_217472.html"><bdi lang="zh">沉睡百年的苏州河黑臭底泥首次大规模疏浚完工</bdi></a> [The first large-scale dredging of the Suzhou River's black, odorous sediment, which has been dormant for a hundred years, has been completed]. <i>China Water</i> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Water&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%A1%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%B2%B3%E9%BB%91%E8%87%AD%E5%BA%95%E6%B3%A5%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%96%8F%E6%B5%9A%E5%AE%8C%E5%B7%A5&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft.aulast=Ouyang&rft.aufirst=Tianjun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinawater.com.cn%2Fnewscenter%2Fdf%2Fsh%2F201203%2Ft20120328_217472.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-airpollution-403"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-airpollution_403-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071030165307/http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/sandt/Shanghai4web.htm">"Environmental Protection in China's Wealthiest City"</a>. The American Embassy in China. July 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/sandt/Shanghai4web.htm">the original</a> on 30 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+Protection+in+China%27s+Wealthiest+City&rft.pub=The+American+Embassy+in+China&rft.date=2001-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usembassy-china.org.cn%2Fsandt%2FShanghai4web.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-garbageclassification-404"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-garbageclassification_404-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.china-briefing.com/news/shanghai-waste-management-china-july-1/">"Shanghai Businesses to Comply with New Waste Management Norms from July 1"</a>. China-briefing. 25 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630050942/https://www.china-briefing.com/news/shanghai-waste-management-china-july-1/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shanghai+Businesses+to+Comply+with+New+Waste+Management+Norms+from+July+1&rft.pub=China-briefing&rft.date=2019-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.china-briefing.com%2Fnews%2Fshanghai-waste-management-china-july-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2432317"><bdi lang="zh">垃圾分类新风｜上海分类后的垃圾到底去哪儿了？</bdi></a>. <i><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" class="extiw" title="zh:澎湃新闻">The Paper</a></i> (in Chinese (China)). 12 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paper&rft.atitle=%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%96%B0%E9%A3%8E%EF%BD%9C%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E5%8E%BB%E5%93%AA%E5%84%BF%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepaper.cn%2FnewsDetail_forward_2432317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walravens95-406"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walravens95_406-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalravens2003" class="citation book cs1">Walravens, Hartmut (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA95">"German Influence on the Press in China"</a>. <i>Newspapers in International Librarianship: Papers presented by the Newspapers at IFLA General Conferences</i>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-096279-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-096279-6"><bdi>978-3-11-096279-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=German+Influence+on+the+Press+in+China&rft.btitle=Newspapers+in+International+Librarianship%3A+Papers+presented+by+the+Newspapers+at+IFLA+General+Conferences&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-11-096279-6&rft.aulast=Walravens&rft.aufirst=Hartmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0F6U82kZXjsC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gelbepost">"Gelbe Post : ostasiatische Halbmonatsschrift. (Shanghai, China : 1939–1940.)"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Gelbe+Post+%3A+ostasiatische+Halbmonatsschrift.+%28Shanghai%2C+China+%3A+1939%E2%80%931940.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgelbepost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/sn89049318/">"The Shanghai gazette"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Shanghai. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wsb.sh.gov.cn/node550/index.html">the original</a> on 19 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sh.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%B8%82%E7%BA%A7%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwsb.sh.gov.cn%2Fnode550%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128020427/https://en.tabriz.ir/News/281/Tabriz-and-Shanghai-agree-to-be-sister-cities-.html">"Tabriz and Shanghai agree to be sister cities"</a>. <i>tabriz.ir</i>. Tabriz. 6 May 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.tabriz.ir/News/281/Tabriz-and-Shanghai-agree-to-be-sister-cities-.html">the original</a> on 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tabriz.ir&rft.atitle=Tabriz+and+Shanghai+agree+to+be+sister+cities&rft.date=2019-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.tabriz.ir%2FNews%2F281%2FTabriz-and-Shanghai-agree-to-be-sister-cities-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embassypages.com/city/shanghai">"Consulates in Shanghai, China"</a>. <i>www.embassypages.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.embassypages.com&rft.atitle=Consulates+in+Shanghai%2C+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embassypages.com%2Fcity%2Fshanghai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanielson,_Eric_N.2010" class="citation book cs1">Danielson, Eric N. (2010). <i>Discover Shanghai</i>. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discover+Shanghai&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Danielson%2C+Eric+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanielson,_Eric_N.2004" class="citation book cs1">Danielson, Eric N. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shanghaiyangzide0001unse"><i>Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta</i></a></span>. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish/Times Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-232-597-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-232-597-6"><bdi>978-981-232-597-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanghai+and+the+Yangzi+Delta&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish%2FTimes+Editions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-981-232-597-6&rft.au=Danielson%2C+Eric+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshanghaiyangzide0001unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElvin,_Mark1977" class="citation book cs1">Elvin, Mark (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cZuaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA441">"Market Towns and Waterways: The County of Shang-hai from 1480 to 1910"</a>. In Skinner, G. William (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cZuaAAAAIAAJ"><i>The City in Late Imperial China</i></a>. Stanford, Cal.: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">441–</span>474. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0892-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0892-0"><bdi>978-0-8047-0892-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2883862">2883862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Market+Towns+and+Waterways%3A+The+County+of+Shang-hai+from+1480+to+1910&rft.btitle=The+City+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Cal.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E441-%3C%2Fspan%3E474&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2883862&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0892-0&rft.au=Elvin%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcZuaAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErh,_DekeJohnston,_Tess2007" class="citation book cs1">Erh, Deke; Johnston, Tess (2007). <i>Shanghai Art Deco</i>. Hong Kong: Old China Hand Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanghai+Art+Deco&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Old+China+Hand+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Erh%2C+Deke&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Tess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Haarmann, Anke. <i>Shanghai (Urban Public) Space</i> (Berlin: Jovis, 2009). 192 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904020630/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=39796">online review</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoresh,_Niv2009" class="citation book cs1">Horesh, Niv (2009). <i>Shanghai's Bund and Beyond</i>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanghai%27s+Bund+and+Beyond&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Horesh%2C+Niv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson,_Linda_Cooke1995" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Linda Cooke (1995). <i>Shanghai: From Market Town to Treaty Port</i>. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanghai%3A+From+Market+Town+to+Treaty+Port&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Linda+Cooke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson,_Linda_Cooke1993" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Linda Cooke (1993). <i>Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China</i>. Albany, NY: State University of New York (SUNY). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1424-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1424-8"><bdi>978-0-7914-1424-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+Jiangnan+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+%28SUNY%29&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1424-8&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Linda+Cooke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScheen,_Lena2015" class="citation book cs1">Scheen, Lena (2015). <i>Shanghai Literary Imaginings: A City in Transformation</i>. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-587-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-587-6"><bdi>978-90-8964-587-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanghai+Literary+Imaginings%3A+A+City+in+Transformation&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-8964-587-6&rft.au=Scheen%2C+Lena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Scheen, Lena (2022). "History of Shanghai." <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History</i> 18 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.689">online</a></li> <li>Yan Jin. "Shanghai Studies: An evolving academic field" <i>History Compass</i> (October 2018) e12496 Historiography of recent scholarship. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190606020020/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hic3.12496">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shanghai" class="extiw" title="wikt:Shanghai">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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title="n:Category:Shanghai">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Shanghai" class="extiw" title="q:Shanghai">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8686" class="extiw" title="d:Q8686">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shanghai" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shanghai">Shanghai</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn">Official website</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625064719/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/">Archived</a> 25 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ICShanghai.com"><i>ShanghaiEye</i></a> – English news website of SMG</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=31.224252&lon=121.472397&z=11&m=b">WikiSatellite view of Shanghai</a> at <a href="/wiki/WikiMapia" class="mw-redirect" title="WikiMapia">WikiMapia</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanghai" title="Template:Shanghai"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shanghai" title="Template talk:Shanghai"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shanghai781" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Shanghai" title="Culture of Shanghai">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Shanghai">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Shanghai" title="Geography of Shanghai">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shanghai" title="History of Shanghai">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Shanghai" title="Timeline of Shanghai">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanghai" title="Politics of Shanghai">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shanghai" title="List of administrative divisions of Shanghai">Administrative<br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu,_Shanghai" title="Huangpu, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuhui,_Shanghai" title="Xuhui, Shanghai">Xuhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Shanghai" title="Changning, Shanghai">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an,_Shanghai" title="Jing'an, Shanghai">Jing'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putuo,_Shanghai" title="Putuo, Shanghai">Putuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkou,_Shanghai" title="Hongkou, Shanghai">Hongkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangpu,_Shanghai" title="Yangpu, Shanghai">Yangpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhang,_Shanghai" title="Minhang, Shanghai">Minhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Shanghai" title="Baoshan, Shanghai">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading,_Shanghai" title="Jiading, Shanghai">Jiading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudong,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudong, Shanghai">Pudong</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Shanghai Free-Trade Zone">Shanghai Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshan,_Shanghai" title="Jinshan, Shanghai">Jinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang,_Shanghai" title="Songjiang, Shanghai">Songjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingpu,_Shanghai" title="Qingpu, Shanghai">Qingpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengxian,_Shanghai" title="Fengxian, Shanghai">Fengxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongming,_Shanghai" title="Chongming, Shanghai">Chongming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanshi,_Shanghai" title="Nanshi, Shanghai">Nanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwan,_Shanghai" title="Luwan, Shanghai">Luwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusong" title="Wusong">Wusong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhui,_Shanghai" title="Nanhui, Shanghai">Nanhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhabei" title="Zhabei">Zhabei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuansha_County" title="Chuansha County">Chuansha County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_County" title="Shanghai County">Shanghai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">SEZ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pudong,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudong, Shanghai">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lujiazui" title="Lujiazui">Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Shanghai Free-Trade Zone">Shanghai Free-Trade Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Waigaoqiao_Free_Trade_Zone" title="Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone">Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshan_Port" title="Yangshan Port">Yangshan Free Trade Port Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiang_Hi-Tech_Park" title="Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park">Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Shanghai" title="Culture of Shanghai">Culture</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Shanghai" title="Demographics of Shanghai">demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Architect</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikumen" title="Shikumen">Shikumen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longtang" title="Longtang">Longtang</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haipai" title="Haipai">Haipai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_opera" title="Shanghai opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Shanghai">LGBT culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese_people" title="Shanghainese people">Shanghainese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Shanghai" title="List of people from Shanghai">List of people from Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghailander" title="Shanghailander">Shanghailanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">Shanghainese cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourist<br />attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Shanghai)" title="Old City (Shanghai)">Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">French Concession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">International Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Square" title="People's Square">People's Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xujiahui" title="Xujiahui">Xujiahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibao" title="Qibao">Qibao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_District#Jinshanzui_Fishing_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan District">Jinshanzui Fishing Village</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>European-style boroughs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Town" title="Thames Town">Thames Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoqiao,_Shanghai" title="Gaoqiao, Shanghai">Holland Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luodian,_Shanghai" title="Luodian, Shanghai">Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujiang,_Shanghai#New_town" title="Pujiang, Shanghai">Venice Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anting#German_Town" title="Anting">German Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengjing#New_town" title="Fengjing">Canada</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Water Town <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhujiajiao" title="Zhujiajiao">Zhujiajiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinze" title="Jinze">Jinze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianshan_Lake" title="Dianshan Lake">Dianshan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengjing" title="Fengjing">Fengjing</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beach <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_District#Jinshan_City_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan District">Jinshan Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bund#City_beach" title="The Bund">Bund Beach</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bund_(Shanghai)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bund (Shanghai)">The Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wukang_Road" title="Wukang Road">Wukang Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolun_Road" title="Duolun Road">Duolun Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongmen_Road" title="Dongmen Road">Dongmen Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District#Fahua_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Zhouqiao Old Street</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Shopping <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road" title="Nanjing Road">Nanjing Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihai_Road" title="Huaihai Road">Huaihai Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintiandi" title="Xintiandi">Xintiandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xujiahui" title="Xujiahui">Xujiahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sichuan_Road" title="North Sichuan Road">North Sichuan Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzifang" title="Tianzifang">Tianzifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_Moganshan_Road" title="50 Moganshan Road">M50 Art district</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Thoroughfare <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Road" title="Yan'an Road">Yan'an Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Avenue" title="Century Avenue">Century Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshan_Road" title="Hengshan Road">Hengshan Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Road_(Shanghai)" title="Henan Road (Shanghai)">Henan Road</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mall</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1933_Old_Millfun" title="1933 Old Millfun">1933 Old Millfun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianzifang" title="Tianzifang">Tianzifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Building,_Shanghai" title="Union Building, Shanghai">Union Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-City" title="Metro-City">Xujiahui Shopping City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Harbor_(Shanghai)" title="Global Harbor (Shanghai)">Global Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Gateway_Shanghai" title="Grand Gateway Shanghai">Grand Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKRI_Taikoo_Hui" title="HKRI Taikoo Hui">HKRI Taikoo Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAPM_Mall" title="IAPM Mall">IAPM Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_An_Kerry_Centre" title="Jing An Kerry Centre">Jing An Kerry Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K11_(Shanghai)" title="K11 (Shanghai)">K11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longemont" title="Longemont">Longemont Shopping Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciros_Plaza" title="Ciros Plaza">Ciros Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_66" title="Plaza 66">Plaza 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffles_City_Shanghai" title="Raffles City Shanghai">Raffles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_IFC" title="Shanghai IFC">IFC Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_Mall" title="The River Mall">The River Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Brand_Mall" title="Super Brand Mall">Super Brand Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Amusement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Circus_World" title="Shanghai Circus World">Circus World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Disney_Resort" title="Shanghai Disney Resort">Disney Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Film_Studio" title="Shanghai Film Studio">Film Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_World" title="Great World">Great World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Haichang_Ocean_Park" title="Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park">Haichang Ocean Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley_Shanghai" title="Happy Valley Shanghai">Happy Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang_Action_Park" title="Jinjiang Action Park">Jinjiang Action Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Ocean_Aquarium" title="Shanghai Ocean Aquarium">Ocean Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Zoo" title="Shanghai Zoo">Zoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Art_Center" title="Oriental Art Center">Oriental Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Concert_Hall" title="Shanghai Concert Hall">Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Grand_Theatre" title="Shanghai Grand Theatre">Shanghai Grand Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Opera_Theater" title="Shanghai Opera Theater">Opera Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Yue_Opera_House" title="Shanghai Yue Opera House">Yue Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchan_Theatre" title="Tianchan Theatre">Tianchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Dramatic_Arts_Centre" title="Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre">Dramatic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theatre_(Shanghai)" title="Grand Theatre (Shanghai)">Grand Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Library" title="Shanghai Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Shanghai" title="Category:Museums in Shanghai">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Art_Museum,_Shanghai" title="China Art Museum, Shanghai">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_Shanghai" title="Museum of Contemporary Art Shanghai">Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Station_of_Art" title="Power Station of Art">Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockbund_Art_Museum" title="Rockbund Art Museum">Rockbund Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Museum" title="Long Museum">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Poster_Art_Centre" title="Propaganda Poster Art Centre">Poster Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuz_Museum_Shanghai" title="Yuz Museum Shanghai">Yuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OV_Gallery" title="OV Gallery">OV</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Museum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Museum" title="Shanghai Museum">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Aerospace_Enthusiasts_Center" title="Shanghai Aerospace Enthusiasts Center">Aerospace Enthusiasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Film_Museum" title="Shanghai Film Museum">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_History_Museum" title="Shanghai History Museum">Revolution History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jewish_Refugees_Museum" title="Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum">Jewish Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Natural_History_Museum" title="Shanghai Natural History Museum">Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Planetarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Planetarium">Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Science_and_Technology_Museum" title="Shanghai Science and Technology Museum">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Urban_Planning_Exhibition_Center" title="Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center">Urban Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Y._Tung_Maritime_Museum" title="C. Y. Tung Maritime Museum">C. Y. Tung Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office_Building,_Shanghai" title="General Post Office Building, Shanghai">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading,_Shanghai#Bamboo_Carving_Museum" title="Jiading, Shanghai">Bamboo Carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_Shanghai" title="Madame Tussauds Shanghai">Madame Tussauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikumen_Open_House_Museum" title="Shikumen Open House Museum">Open House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshupu_Waterworks#Shanghai_Waterworks_Science_and_Technology_Museum" title="Yangshupu Waterworks">Waterworks Science and Technology</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Transport <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Railway_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Railway Museum">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metro_Museum" title="Shanghai Metro Museum">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Maglev_Museum" title="Shanghai Maglev Museum">Maglev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Auto_Museum" title="Shanghai Auto Museum">Auto</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Protected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_National_Historical_and_Cultural_Sites_in_Shanghai" title="List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shanghai">Historical and Cultural</a> Site <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Site_of_the_First_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">Party's First National Congress</a></li> <li>Former Residence of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Sun_Yat-Sen_(Shanghai)" title="Former Residence of Sun Yat-Sen (Shanghai)">Sun Yat-Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Lu_Xun_(Shanghai)" title="Former Residence of Lu Xun (Shanghai)">Lu Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Zhou_Enlai_(Shanghai)" title="Former Residence of Zhou Enlai (Shanghai)">Zhou Enlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Zhang_Wentian" title="Former Residence of Zhang Wentian">Zhang Wentian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soong_Ching-ling_Memorial_Residence_(Shanghai)" title="Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence (Shanghai)">Soong Ching-ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moller_Villa" title="Moller Villa">Moller Villa</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tomb of <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Lu_Xun" title="Tomb of Lu Xun">Lu Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi_Memorial_Hall" title="Xu Guangqi Memorial Hall">Xu Guangqi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_People%27s_Heroes_Memorial_Tower" title="Shanghai People's Heroes Memorial Tower">People's Heroes Memorial Tower</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_and_gardens_in_Shanghai" title="Category:Parks and gardens in Shanghai">Urban parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Public <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Century_Park_(Shanghai)" title="Century Park (Shanghai)">Century Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqing_Forest_Park" title="Gongqing Forest Park">Gongqing Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gucheng_Park" title="Gucheng Park">Park of the Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Expo_Park" title="Shanghai Expo Park">Expo Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_Park" title="Huangpu Park">Huangpu Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxing_Park" title="Fuxing Park">Fuxing Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_Park" title="Jing'an Park">Jing'an Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_Park_(Shanghai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu Xun Park (Shanghai)">Lu Xun Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Shanghai)" title="People's Park (Shanghai)">People's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park_(Shanghai)" title="Zhongshan Park (Shanghai)">Zhongshan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_National_Forest_Park" title="Dongping National Forest Park">Dongping National Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuduansha" title="Jiuduansha">Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Greenway" title="Shanghai Greenway">Shanghai Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_District#Jinshan_Binhai_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan District">Jinshan Binhai Park</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Admission <ul><li>Ancient Chinese gardens <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guyi_Garden" title="Guyi Garden">Guyi Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Garden" title="Yu Garden">Yu Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuibaichi" title="Zuibaichi">Zuibaichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiuxia_Garden" title="Qiuxia Garden">Qiuxia Garden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin_Park" title="Guilin Park">Guilin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Botanical_Garden" title="Shanghai Botanical Garden">Botanical Garden</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Hotel" title="Peace Hotel">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jinjiang_Hotel" title="Shanghai Jinjiang Hotel">Shanghai Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mansions" title="Broadway Mansions">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_Shanghai" title="Grand Hyatt Shanghai">Grand Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Hotel_Shanghai" title="Park Hotel Shanghai">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterContinental_Shanghai_Wonderland" title="InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland">InterContinental</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Expo center</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Exhibition_Centre" title="Shanghai Exhibition Centre">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_New_International_Expo_Center" title="Shanghai New International Expo Center">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Exhibition_and_Convention_Center_(Shanghai)" title="National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai)">National</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_Shanghai" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in Shanghai">Places of<br />worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Buddhist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Buddha_Temple" title="Jade Buddha Temple">Jade Buddha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%27an_Temple" title="Jing'an Temple">Jing'an Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhua_Temple" title="Longhua Temple">Longhua Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longhua_Temple#Longhua_Pagoda" title="Longhua Temple">Longhua Pagoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenru_Temple_(Shanghai)" title="Zhenru Temple (Shanghai)">Zhenru Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanming_Jiangtang" title="Yuanming Jiangtang">Yuanming Jiangtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_Temple_(Shanghai)" title="Baoshan Temple (Shanghai)">Baoshan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenxiang_Pavilion" title="Chenxiang Pavilion">Chenxiang Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongfu_Temple_(Shanghai)" title="Hongfu Temple (Shanghai)">Hongfu Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjin_Temple" title="Yuanjin Temple">Yuanjin Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilin_Chan_Temple" title="Xilin Chan Temple">Xilin Chan Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xilin_Chan_Temple#Yuanying_Pagoda" title="Xilin Chan Temple">Yuanying Pagoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhu_Pagoda" title="Huzhu Pagoda">Huzhu Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_Square_Pagoda" title="Songjiang Square Pagoda">Songjiang Square Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donglin_Temple_(Shanghai)" title="Donglin Temple (Shanghai)">Donglin Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District#Fahua_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Fahua Pagoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Shanghai" title="Holy Trinity Church, Shanghai">Holy Trinity Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshan_Basilica" title="Sheshan Basilica">Sheshan Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ignatius_Cathedral,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Ignatius Cathedral, Shanghai">St Ignatius Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Church,_Shanghai" title="Saint Joseph's Church, Shanghai">St Joseph's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas%27_Church,_Shanghai" title="Saint Nicholas' Church, Shanghai">St Nicholas' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Church,_Shanghai" title="Saint Peter's Church, Shanghai">St Peter's Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_God_Temple_of_Shanghai" title="City God Temple of Shanghai">City God Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_Temple_of_Shanghai" title="Confucian Temple of Shanghai">Wen Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianfei_Palace_(Songjiang)" title="Tianfei Palace (Songjiang)">Mazu Cultural Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District#Jiading_Confucian_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Jiading Confucian Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_Mosque" title="Songjiang Mosque">Songjiang Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Skyscrapers_in_Shanghai" title="Category:Skyscrapers in Shanghai">Skyscrapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Pearl_Tower" title="Oriental Pearl Tower">Oriental Pearl Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Mao_Tower" title="Jin Mao Tower">Jin Mao Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_World_Financial_Center" title="Shanghai World Financial Center">Shanghai World Financial Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Tower" title="Shanghai Tower">Shanghai Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocom_Financial_Towers" title="Bocom Financial Towers">Bocom Financial Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_IFC" title="Shanghai IFC">Shanghai IFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Lujiazui" title="One Lujiazui">One Lujiazui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Shanghai_Headquarters" title="Bank of Shanghai Headquarters">Bank of Shanghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Puxi" title="Puxi">Puxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K11_(Shanghai)" title="K11 (Shanghai)">K11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimao_International_Plaza" title="Shimao International Plaza">Shimao International Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_66" title="Plaza 66">Plaza 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Magnolia_Plaza" title="White Magnolia Plaza">White Magnolia Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Wheelock_Square" title="Shanghai Wheelock Square">Shanghai Wheelock Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Square" title="Tomorrow Square">Tomorrow Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Gateway_Shanghai" title="Grand Gateway Shanghai">Grand Gateway Shanghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports<br />venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Stadium" title="Shanghai Stadium">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkou_Football_Stadium" title="Hongkou Football Stadium">Hongkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudong_Football_Stadium" title="Pudong Football Stadium">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_Football_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshan Football Stadium">Jinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanshen_Sports_Centre_Stadium" title="Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium">Yuanshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhabei_Stadium" title="Zhabei Stadium">Zhabei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Indoor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangwan_Stadium" title="Jiangwan Stadium">Jiangwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwan_Gymnasium" title="Luwan Gymnasium">Luwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Indoor_Stadium" title="Shanghai Indoor Stadium">Shanghai Indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Arena_(Shanghai)" title="Mercedes-Benz Arena (Shanghai)">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Gymnastic_Center" title="Shanghai International Gymnastic Center">Int'l Gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Oriental_Sports_Center" title="Shanghai Oriental Sports Center">Oriental</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tennis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qizhong_Forest_Sports_City_Arena" title="Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena">Qizhong</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Motorsport circuit <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Circuit" title="Shanghai International Circuit">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Street_Circuit" title="Shanghai Street Circuit">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianma_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianma Circuit">Tianma</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Cycling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tour_of_Chongming_Island" title="Tour of Chongming Island">Tour of Chongming Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Golf <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Masters" title="BMW Masters">BMW Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshan_Golf_Club" title="Sheshan Golf Club">Sheshan Golf Club</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Horse racing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Race_Club" title="Shanghai Race Club">Shanghai Race Club</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports<br />teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Shenhua_F.C." title="Shanghai Shenhua F.C.">Shenhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Port_F.C." title="Shanghai Port F.C.">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiading_Huilong_F.C." title="Shanghai Jiading Huilong F.C.">Jiading Huilong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Basketball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Sharks" title="Shanghai Sharks">Sharks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Shanghai" title="Category:Transport in Shanghai">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Airports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Hongqiao_International_Airport" title="Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport">Hongqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport" title="Shanghai Pudong International Airport">Pudong</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Closed <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Longhua_Airport" title="Shanghai Longhua Airport">Longhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiangwan_Airport" title="Shanghai Jiangwan Airport">Jiangwan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Railway<br />station</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_railway_station" title="Shanghai railway station">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_South_railway_station" title="Shanghai South railway station">Shanghai South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Hongqiao_railway_station" title="Shanghai Hongqiao railway station">Shanghai Hongqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Songjiang_railway_station" title="Shanghai Songjiang railway station">Shanghai Songjiang</a></li> <li>Under Construction <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_East_railway_station" title="Shanghai East railway station">Shanghai East</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Ports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">Port of Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangshan_Port" title="Yangshan Port">Yangshan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_rail_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai rail transit">Shanghai rail transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metropolitan_Area_Intercity_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway">Suburban Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metro" title="Shanghai Metro">Shanghai Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_maglev_train" title="Shanghai maglev train">Maglev Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiang_Tram" title="Zhangjiang Tram">Zhangjiang Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_Tram" title="Songjiang Tram">Songjiang Tram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buses_in_Shanghai" title="Buses in Shanghai">Buses in Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Ferry" title="Shanghai Ferry">Shanghai Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Public_Transport_Card" title="Shanghai Public Transport Card">Shanghai Public Transport Card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chonghai_Bridge" title="Chonghai Bridge">Chonghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongming%E2%80%93Qidong_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Chongming–Qidong Yangtze River Bridge">Chongqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Yangtze_River_Tunnel_and_Bridge" title="Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge">Yangtze</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghai_Bridge" title="Donghai Bridge">Donghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_River" title="Huangpu River">Huangpu River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fengpu_Bridge" title="Fengpu Bridge">Fengpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupu_Bridge" title="Lupu Bridge">Lupu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minpu_Bridge" title="Minpu Bridge">Minpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanpu_Bridge" title="Nanpu Bridge">Nanpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songpu_Bridge" title="Songpu Bridge">Songpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waibaidu_Bridge" title="Waibaidu Bridge">Waibaidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xupu_Bridge" title="Xupu Bridge">Xupu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangpu_Bridge" title="Yangpu Bridge">Yangpu</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_bridge" title="Arch bridge">Stone arch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fangsheng_Bridge" title="Fangsheng Bridge">Fangsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puji_Bridge_(Shanghai)" title="Puji Bridge (Shanghai)">Puji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan%27an_Bridge_(Shanghai)" title="Wan'an Bridge (Shanghai)">Wan'an</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bund_Tunnel" title="Bund Tunnel">Bund Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bund_Sightseeing_Tunnel" title="Bund Sightseeing Tunnel">Bund Sightseeing Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapu_Road_Tunnel" title="Dapu Road Tunnel">Dapu Road Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Yangtze_River_Tunnel_and_Bridge" title="Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge">Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shanghai" title="List of universities and colleges in Shanghai">Universities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghua_University" title="Donghua University">Donghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Normal_University" title="East China Normal University">East Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="East China University of Science and Technology">East Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shanghai University of Finance and Economics">Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Studies_University" title="Shanghai International Studies University">International Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Medical_University" title="Naval Medical University">Naval Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Municipal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" title="East China University of Political Science and Law">East Political Science and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Electric_Power" title="Shanghai University of Electric Power">Electric Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Engineering_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences">Engineering Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Fisheries_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Fisheries University">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Finance_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Finance University">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_International_Business_and_Economics" title="Shanghai University of International Business and Economics">International Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_Pudong" title="China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Lixin_University_of_Accounting_and_Finance" title="Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance">Lixin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Maritime_University" title="Shanghai Maritime University">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Shanghai Conservatory of Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Normal_University" title="Shanghai Normal University">Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Ocean_University" title="Shanghai Ocean University">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Open_University" title="Shanghai Open University">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Polytechnic_University" title="Shanghai Polytechnic University">Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" title="Shanghai University of Political Science and Law">Political Science and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Dianji_University" title="Shanghai Dianji University">Dianji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University" title="Shanghai University">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Shanghai_for_Science_and_Technology" title="University of Shanghai for Science and Technology">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Sport" title="Shanghai University of Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShanghaiTech_University" title="ShanghaiTech University">Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Theatre_Academy" title="Shanghai Theatre Academy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Institute_of_Technology" title="Shanghai Institute of Technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Institute_of_Visual_Art" title="Shanghai Institute of Visual Art">Visual Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Europe_International_Business_School" title="China Europe International Business School">Europe Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinesisch-Deutsches_Hochschulkolleg" title="Chinesisch-Deutsches Hochschulkolleg">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Shanghai" title="New York University Shanghai">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_University" title="Sanda University">Sanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Shanghai" title="Category:Shanghai">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Shanghai27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Shanghai27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Shanghai</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td>Suzhou or Nantong</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a>, Jiangsu</td> <td><i>East China Sea</i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, Jiangsu</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Shanghai</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a>, Zhejiang</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Bay" title="Hangzhou Bay">Hangzhou Bay</a></i></td> <td><i>East China Sea</i></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yangtze_Delta_metropolitan_regions203" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yangtze_Delta" title="Template:Yangtze Delta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yangtze_Delta" title="Template talk:Yangtze Delta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yangtze_Delta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yangtze Delta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yangtze_Delta_metropolitan_regions203" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a> metropolitan regions</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone">Economic Zone</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a> Metropolitan Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangtze_River_Delta.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Yangtze River Delta"><img alt="Yangtze River Delta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Yangtze_River_Delta.gif/75px-Yangtze_River_Delta.gif" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Yangtze_River_Delta.gif/113px-Yangtze_River_Delta.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Yangtze_River_Delta.gif/150px-Yangtze_River_Delta.gif 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1093" /></a><figcaption>Yangtze River Delta</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> Yangtze Metropolitan Belt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> Hangzhou Greater Bay Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_regions_and_cities_of_China401" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Template:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_regions_and_cities_of_China401" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major regions and cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">National<br />megalopolises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji</a><br />(Inner) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changping District">Changping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daxing District">Daxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentougou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentougou District">Mentougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Binhai">Binhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongli District">Dongli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnan District">Jinnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuqing District">Wuqing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiong%27an" title="Xiong'an">Xiong'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caofeidian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Caofeidian District">Caofeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone">(Economic Zone)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Jiading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingpu District">Qingpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Songjiang District">Songjiang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a><br />a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">(Economic Zone)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha New Area">Nansha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bao'an District">Bao'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Triangle_Economic_Zone" title="West Triangle Economic Zone">West Triangle<br />Economic Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Liangjiang_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongqing Liangjiang New Area">Liangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianjiang District">Qianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_North_Zone" title="New North Zone">Xinbei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangling_Agricultural_Hi-tech_Industries_Demonstration_Zone" title="Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone">Yangling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plain</a> Megalopolis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Henan144" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a> Megalopolis<br />(Northeastern Cities)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/<br />Yangtze River Valley<br />(Central Triangle Economic Zone)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(North) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Liaoning146" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Lüshun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(South) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Shandong121" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou,_Anhui" title="Huizhou, Anhui">Huizhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative <br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP">By GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita">By GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Greater_China_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index">By Human Development Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China">Prefecture-level divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_county-level_divisions_of_China" title="List of county-level divisions of China">County-level divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">List of cities in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_Chinese_cities_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of top Chinese cities by GDP per capita">by GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population_and_built-up_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population and built-up area">by population</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">Current and former capitals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Categories: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Subdivisions_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Subdivisions of China (page does not exist)">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_China" title="Category:Regions of China">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_China" title="Category:Cities in China">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China602" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template talk:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China602" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">Provincial-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_blank_province_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/150px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/225px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/300px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Disputed province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> but administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_Economic_Circle" title="Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_along_the_Yangtze381" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Yangtze River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_along_the_Yangtze381" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities along the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center"><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Provincial_level_subdivisions" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Cities</b> (from upper reaches to lower reaches)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang,_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijiang, Yunnan">Lijiang</a></li> <li>(Sichuan <i>see below</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li>(Yunnan <i>see above</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangjin District">Jiangjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing"><i>Central Chongqing</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li>(Hunan <i>see below</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Qidong City">Qidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Pearl River">Major cities along the Pearl River</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yellow River">Major cities along the Yellow River</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" title="Seoul Metropolitan Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (37)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (16)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8686#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2399" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8686#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2399" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8686#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123537626">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159059201">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205418/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk4BdM8B8Y77ftq97rrMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Schanghai"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4052066-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Shanghai (China)"><a 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href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458435">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6047263">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564353305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dec4979e-c0a3-469c-a052-cee5f1e71de9">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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