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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Haisu" title="Liu Haisu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liu Haisu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liou_Chaj-su" title="Liou Chaj-su – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liou Chaj-su" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Haisu" title="Liu Haisu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liu Haisu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Haisu" title="Liu 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Liu_Haisu_sculpture_by_Tang_Shichu.jpg/220px-Liu_Haisu_sculpture_by_Tang_Shichu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Liu_Haisu_sculpture_by_Tang_Shichu.jpg/330px-Liu_Haisu_sculpture_by_Tang_Shichu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Liu_Haisu_sculpture_by_Tang_Shichu.jpg/440px-Liu_Haisu_sculpture_by_Tang_Shichu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Liu Haisu sculpture by Tang Shichu</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> Liu</i>.</div> <p><b>Liu Haisu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">刘海粟</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Liú Hǎisù</span></i>; 16 March 1896 – 7 August 1994) was a prominent twentieth-century Chinese painter and a noted art educator. He excelled in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese painting</a> and oil painting. He was one of the four pioneers of Chinese modern art who earned the title of "<a href="/wiki/The_Four_Great_Academy_Presidents" title="The Four Great Academy Presidents">The Four Great Academy Presidents</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Haisu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liu_Haisu_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Liu_Haisu_Art_Museum.jpg/250px-Liu_Haisu_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Liu_Haisu_Art_Museum.jpg/330px-Liu_Haisu_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Liu_Haisu_Art_Museum.jpg/500px-Liu_Haisu_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Liu Haisu Art Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>His original given name was Pan, courtesy name Jifang, and sobriquet Haiwong. He excelled in <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a>, ink painting (<i>guohua</i>) and art education. He was devoted to painting at an early age. He entered a painting school in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> directed by Zhou Xiang to learn western painting when he was 14 years old. In 1910 he opened a painting school in his county. In November 1912, together with Wu Shiguang and Zhang Yunguang, he founded the first school of fine arts in <a href="/wiki/Modern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern China">modern China</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Academy_of_Chinese_Painting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Academy of Chinese Painting (page does not exist)">Shanghai Academy of Chinese Painting</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">上海国画美术院</span></span>), the former Shanghai School of Fine Arts (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">上海美术专科学校</span></span>). He initiated co-education, and pioneered the adoption of nude model and open-air painting, and thus was scolded as an "artistic traitor", though he was supported by scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Cai_Yuanpei" title="Cai Yuanpei">Cai Yuanpei</a>. He lectured in <a href="/wiki/Beijing_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing University">Beijing University</a> and held his first personal exhibition in 1918. He went to Japan to explore education of fine arts in 1919, and founded <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianma_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianma Party (page does not exist)">Tianma Party</a> upon returning to China. </p><p>He went to Japan in October 1920 to attend the opening ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Academy of Fine Arts">Imperial Academy of Fine Arts</a>, and after he returned, he wrote "Biography of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet" title="Jean-François Millet">Jean-François Millet</a>" and "Biography of <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>" to introduce western arts into China. He visited <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> again in 1927 and made the acquaintance of Japanese painters. </p><p>He was a teacher of <a href="/wiki/Pan_Yuliang" title="Pan Yuliang">Pan Yuliang</a>, a Chinese female artist who brought Western influence into Chinese painting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Haisu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liu loved painting from a very young age and went to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> for professional studying alone at 14. When he was 17, he established the first art school of modern China—Shanghai institute of Fine Art with his friends, Wu Shiguang and Zhang Jinguang. Later he started coeducation and used nude models to teach paintings. He was the first man to do such things in China and it caused a lot of controversy. People called him a traitor of the arts. However, he got support from <a href="/wiki/Cai_Yuanpei" title="Cai Yuanpei">Cai Yuanpei</a>, the principal of <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>. In 1918, he began teaching at <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> and held his first solo exhibition. In the same year, he also founded the “Art” magazine. </p><p>In 1919, he went to Japan to study painting and art education and attended the first art exhibition opening ceremony of the Art School of the imperial Japan. After returning home, he founded an institute—天马会. In 1920, he went to Japan once again. He participated in the opening ceremony of the new imperial Art School on behalf of the arts. </p><p>In 1924, one of his students held an exhibition in <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a> featuring nude art. This greatly disturbed <a href="/wiki/Sun_Chuanfang" title="Sun Chuanfang">Sun Chuanfang</a>, who issued a secret warrant for Liu's arrest and tried to close down his school. However his efforts were futile, since the school was based in the French area of Shanghai, where Sun had no authority. Liu still had to pay a fine to appease the warlord. The event made the concept of nude modeling public knowledge in China.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, he was forced to go to Japan because of the political persecution. <a href="/wiki/Asahi_Shimbun" class="mw-redirect" title="Asahi Shimbun">Asahi Shimbun</a> once assisted him to hold solo exhibitions in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. In 1938, he went home. </p><p>During 1918~1988, Liu climbed Mount <a href="/wiki/Huangshan" title="Huangshan">Huangshan</a> ten times. His most important works were mostly focused on Huangshan. In addition, he went to Europe twice. He communicated with famous painters, such as <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Matisse">Matisse</a>. He made great contributions to the development and spread of Chinese painting. </p><p>In 1994, he died in Shanghai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Haisu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liu Haisu had four wives in his lifetime. His first marriage was arranged by his parents. He showed great disagreement with the arranged marriage and left home for <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, where he met his second wife—Zhang Yunshi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">张韵士</span></span>), then 17 years old. Soon, they had their first son—Liu Hu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">刘虎</span></span>). In 1933, Liu married Cheng Jiahe (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">成家和</span></span>) and had a son (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">刘麟</span></span>) and a daughter. In 1944, he married his fourth wife—Xia Yiqiao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">夏伊乔</span></span>), a student of his. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Haisu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhs-arts.org/">Official website of Liu Haisu Art Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Haisu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/modern-art-evening-sale-hk0782/lot.1017.html">"PROPERTY FROM AN IMPORTANT PRIVATE ASIAN COLLECTION-Yan Wenliang"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PROPERTY+FROM+AN+IMPORTANT+PRIVATE+ASIAN+COLLECTION-Yan+Wenliang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sothebys.com%2Fen%2Fauctions%2Fecatalogue%2F2018%2Fmodern-art-evening-sale-hk0782%2Flot.1017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Haisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen_Xia2012" class="citation web cs1">Chen Xia (August 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/102774/7929290.html">"History of nude modeling in China"</a>. <i>Peoples Daily Online</i>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peoples+Daily+Online&rft.atitle=History+of+nude+modeling+in+China&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft.au=Chen+Xia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F102774%2F7929290.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Haisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10865488b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10865488b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00534444">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p149210574">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200807550">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810693698905606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span 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