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</li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rescues,_losses_and_medals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rescues,_losses_and_medals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Rescues, losses and medals </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rescues,_losses_and_medals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rescues, losses and medals subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rescues,_losses_and_medals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rescues_and_lives_saved" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rescues_and_lives_saved"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Rescues and lives saved </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rescues_and_lives_saved-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifeboat_and_crew_losses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifeboat_and_crew_losses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Lifeboat and crew losses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifeboat_and_crew_losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Medals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lifeboat_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifeboat_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Lifeboat stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifeboat_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifeboats_and_other_rescue_craft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifeboats_and_other_rescue_craft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Lifeboats and other rescue craft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifeboats_and_other_rescue_craft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel_and_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel_and_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Personnel and equipment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel_and_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Water safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 International work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Heritage and museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Media and image </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_and_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media and image subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media_and_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life-Boat_journal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life-Boat_journal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Life-Boat journal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life-Boat_journal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RNLI_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RNLI_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 RNLI flag </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RNLI_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" > 14 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="المؤسسة الملكية الوطنية لقوارب النجاة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المؤسسة الملكية الوطنية لقوارب النجاة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefydliad_Brenhinol_y_Badau_Achub" title="Sefydliad Brenhinol y Badau Achub – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sefydliad Brenhinol y Badau Achub" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82_%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مؤسسه قایق نجات سلطنتی ملی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مؤسسه قایق نجات سلطنتی ملی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institi%C3%BAid_N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta_R%C3%ADoga_na_mB%C3%A1d_Tarrth%C3%A1la" title="Institiúid Náisiúnta Ríoga na mBád Tarrthála – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Institiúid Náisiúnta Ríoga na mBád Tarrthála" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%91%E5%91%BD%E8%89%87%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="王立救命艇協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="王立救命艇協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰਾਇਲ ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਲਾਈਫਬੋਟ ਇੰਸਟੀਚਿਊਸ਼ਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਇਲ ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਲਾਈਫਬੋਟ ਇੰਸਟੀਚਿਊਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%91%E7%94%9F%E8%89%87%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="皇家全國救生艇協會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皇家全國救生艇協會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2166873#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="View the 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rescue charity operating in Britain and Ireland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"RNLI" redirects here. For the Indian insurance company, see <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Nippon_Life_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Nippon Life Insurance">Reliance Nippon Life Insurance</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Royal National Lifeboat Institution</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution.svg/250px-Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution.svg/375px-Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution.svg/500px-Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="224" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">RNLI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">4 March 1824</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Life savers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Registered charity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">To save lives at sea.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Patron</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chief executive</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Peter Sparkes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">The Lifeboat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£221.6 million (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">2,501 (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Volunteers</th><td class="infobox-data">9,800 crew (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/">rnli.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166873#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboat</a> services operating around the coasts of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, as well as on some inland waterways. Founded in 1824 as the National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck, it soon afterwards became the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck because of the patronage of <a href="/wiki/King_George_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King George IV">King George IV</a>. Royal patronage has continued up to the present day with <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a>. The organisation changed its name to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution on 5 October 1854 and was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1860. The RNLI is a charity based in <a href="/wiki/Poole,_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Poole, Dorset">Poole, Dorset</a>. It is principally funded by <a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">legacies</a> (65%) and donations (30%). Most of its lifeboat crews are unpaid volunteers. They operate more than 400 lifeboats from 238 stations. Paid <a href="/wiki/Lifeguard" title="Lifeguard">lifeguards</a> provide services at nearly 250 beaches. The RNLI also provides free safety advice to many different groups of people, and has been involved in international cooperation since 1924. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Shipwrecks on the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> in 1822 inspired local resident and <a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropist</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Hillary" title="William Hillary">William Hillary</a> to "appeal to the British nation" to establish "a national institution for the preservation of life and property from shipwreck". Initially he received little response from the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a>, however <a href="/wiki/George_Hibbert" title="George Hibbert">George Hibbert</a>, a merchant, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(c.1767%E2%80%931852)" title="Thomas Wilson (c.1767–1852)">Thomas Wilson</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (UK)">Member of Parliament</a>, helped to bring support from some influential people including <a href="/wiki/King_George_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King George IV">King George IV</a> and other royalty, leading politicians and merchants. A public meeting was convened at the <a href="/wiki/London_Tavern" title="London Tavern">London Tavern</a> on 4 March 1824, chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>. A resolution was passed to form the National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck. King George IV gave approval for the word "Royal" to be added to the title on 20 March 1824, thus becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck.<a href="#cite_note-Storm-26-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-DouglasJM-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RNLI_Memorial_-_Loch_Promenade_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/RNLI_Memorial_-_Loch_Promenade_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/220px-RNLI_Memorial_-_Loch_Promenade_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/RNLI_Memorial_-_Loch_Promenade_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/330px-RNLI_Memorial_-_Loch_Promenade_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/RNLI_Memorial_-_Loch_Promenade_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/440px-RNLI_Memorial_-_Loch_Promenade_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Memorial in <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas, Isle of Man</a> to the lifeboat rescue of the sailors from the St George in 1830</figcaption></figure> The institution's committee set itself three objectives:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200933-3">[3]</a> <ol><li>To award medals and/or cash to those involved in rescuing people from shipwrecks.</li> <li>To provide <a href="/wiki/Manby_mortar" title="Manby mortar">Captain Manby's line-throwing mortars</a> to all <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Coastguard" title="His Majesty's Coastguard">coastguard</a> and lifeboat stations.</li> <li>To provide lifeboats to as many places on the coast as possible.</li></ol> A committee was formed to examine different types of lifeboats. An 'unimmergible' based on a 1785 patent by <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Lukin" title="Lionel Lukin">Lionel Lukin</a> continued to be built but was heavy and expensive. A lighter boat designed by <a href="/wiki/George_Palmer_(MP_for_South_Essex)" title="George Palmer (MP for South Essex)">George Palmer</a> became the standard design until the 1850s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200939–42-4">[4]</a> In 1824, the year it was founded, the RNIPLS raised £9,706 but the funds soon dwindled. By 1835 annual income was down to just £806 and during the 1840s no appeals were made to the public for new funds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009252-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_improvement">Financial improvement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Financial improvement">edit</a>]</div> By 1850, annual income had dropped to £354,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009252-5">[5]</a> but a new committee then started to turn around the Institution and appointed Richard Lewis as Secretary. Over the next 33 years he travelled around the country used his skills to increase the funds:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200951–56-7">[7]</a>by 1859 annual receipts had climbed to over £10,000 and by 1882 they reached £43,117.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009252-5">[5]</a> Other changes saw <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Percy,_4th_Duke_of_Northumberland" title="Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland">4th Duke of Northumberland's</a> appointed the president in 1851 while well-meaning dukes and archbishops on the committee were replaced by experienced naval officers who brought more rigour to its operations. Captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ross_Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ross Ward (page does not exist)">John Ross Ward</a> was appointed Inspector of Lifeboats<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200951–56-7">[7]</a> and was responsible for the design and introduction of <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> <a href="/wiki/Lifejacket" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifejacket">lifejackets</a> for lifeboat volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009146–147-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ipswich_Life_Boat_Henry_Davy_(28_May_1862).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ipswich_Life_Boat_Henry_Davy_%2828_May_1862%29.jpg/220px-Ipswich_Life_Boat_Henry_Davy_%2828_May_1862%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ipswich_Life_Boat_Henry_Davy_%2828_May_1862%29.jpg/330px-Ipswich_Life_Boat_Henry_Davy_%2828_May_1862%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ipswich_Life_Boat_Henry_Davy_%2828_May_1862%29.jpg/440px-Ipswich_Life_Boat_Henry_Davy_%2828_May_1862%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>RNLB Ipswich, a standard <a href="/wiki/Peake-class_lifeboat" title="Peake-class lifeboat">Peake-class lifeboat</a> built in 1862</figcaption></figure> The Duke of Northumberland instigated a competition to design a "pulling and sailing" lifeboat that could use both oars and sails so they operated further from their stations. 280 entries were received and the self-righter by <a href="/wiki/James_Beeching" title="James Beeching">James Beeching</a> considered the best but James Peake, a master shipwright at the <a href="/wiki/Woolwich_Dockyard" title="Woolwich Dockyard">Royal Woolwich Dockyard</a>, was asked by the RNLI to develop the design further in 1851.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200957–59-9">[9]</a> Peake-designed lifeboats and improved versions were the preferred choice for both new and replacement boats at most stations until the 1890s and beyond.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200965–67-10">[10]</a> The lifeboats operated by other local committees under the Duke of Northumberland were transferred to the RNIPLS and in 1854 an arrangement was made with the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Benevolent Society (SFMBS). The RNIPLS would concentrate on saving lives while the SFMBS would look after people who were rescued and brought ashore. This saw the RNIPLS drop the word 'shipwreck' from its name, and the SFMBS transfer its lifeboats to what would now be known as the RNLI. The RNLI was still underfunded so accepted an annual government subsidy of £2,000, but this resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade" title="Board of Trade">Board of Trade</a> having say in the RNLI's operations. By 1869, they no longer needed to rely on the government subsidy so terminated the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200951–56-7">[7]</a> Although the lifeboats were built by commercial boatbuilders, the RNLI had a need to supply stores and replace worn out or damaged equipment. This included reserve lifeboats and carriages. A depot for this was established at <a href="/wiki/Poplar,_London" title="Poplar, London">Poplar, London</a> in 1882.<a href="#cite_note-lifeboat89-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southport_and_St_Anne%27s_lifeboats_disaster" title="Southport and St Anne's lifeboats disaster">The loss of 27 lifeboat crew</a> from <a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lytham_St_Annes_Lifeboat_Station" title="Lytham St Annes Lifeboat Station">St Annes</a> in 1886 inspired local committee member <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Macara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Macara (page does not exist)">Charles Macara</a> to campaign for more funds to support the families of volunteers who were killed during rescues. As a result, in the summer of 1891 over £10,000 was raised through newspaper campaigns in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>. He then went on to organise the first 'Lifeboat Day'. This was held in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> on 1 October 1891. Two lifeboats were paraded through the streets as volunteers collected money from the public. The boats were then launched on a lake in a park to give demonstrations. More than £5,000 was raised on the day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200985–92-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanisation_and_two_world_wars">Mechanisation and two world wars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanisation and two world wars">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DauntRescueGribble.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DauntRescueGribble.png/220px-DauntRescueGribble.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DauntRescueGribble.png/330px-DauntRescueGribble.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DauntRescueGribble.png/440px-DauntRescueGribble.png 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>1974 commemorative postage stamp for the RNLI's 150th anniversary (Rescue of Daunt Lightship's crew by Ballycotton lifeboat <a href="/wiki/RNLB_Mary_Stanford_(ON_733)" title="RNLB Mary Stanford (ON 733)">RNLB </a><a href="/wiki/RNLB_Mary_Stanford_(ON_733)" title="RNLB Mary Stanford (ON 733)">Mary Stanford</a>. Artist: <a href="/wiki/B._F._Gribble" title="B. F. Gribble">B. F. Gribble</a>)</figcaption></figure> Six <a href="/wiki/Steam-class_lifeboat" title="Steam-class lifeboat">steam-powered lifeboats</a> were built between 1890 and 1901. A number of lifeboat stations used commercial steam tugs to tow lifeboats to where they were needed, but the only tug owned by the RNLI was the Helen Peele which operated at <a href="/wiki/Padstow_Lifeboat_Station" title="Padstow Lifeboat Station">Padstow</a> from 1901 to 1929. Petrol-engined lifeboats saw wider use. Initial examples were converted from 'pulling and sailing' lifeboats but purpose-built motor lifeboats started to appear from 1908.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200970–83-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Production was severely restricted during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009105–109-16">[16]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, lifeboat crews launched 1,808 times, rescuing 5,332 people. With many younger men on active service, the average age of a lifeboatman was over 50. Many launches were to ships that had been torpedoed or struck mines, including naval or merchant vessels on war duty; a notable example was the hospital ship <a href="/wiki/SS_Rohilla" title="SS Rohilla">SS Rohilla</a> which foundered in 1914 and was attended by six lifeboats, saving 144 lives over a 50-hour rescue mission.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200998–104-17">[17]</a> The creation of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> in 1922 resulted in the RNLI operating in two countries, however the new Irish government was glad to see the lifeboat service continue as it was.<a href="#cite_note-lifeboat-498-18">[18]</a> The first International Lifeboat Conference was held in London in 1924 on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the RNLI. Eight other countries sent delegations and it resulted in the establishment of the International Lifeboat Federation later that year. This is now known as the <a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Rescue_Federation" title="International Maritime Rescue Federation">International Maritime Rescue Federation</a> and has member organisations (including the RNLI) from more than 50 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009253-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Construction of motor lifeboats, first petrol-engined but later with specialised diesel engines, resumed after the war. The switch to diesel power was because these used less fuel and could cover much larger distances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009126–129-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> again brought restrictions, but by now the fleet was largely motorised. In 1918 there had been 233 'pulling and sailing' lifeboats and 23 steam or petrol. In 1939, there were just 15 unpowered lifeboats, and the greater range of the motor lifeboats meant that only 145 were needed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009105–109-16">[16]</a> The RNLI's depot was moved from Poplar to <a href="/wiki/Borehamwood" title="Borehamwood">Borehamwood</a> in July 1939, a few months before the outbreak of the Second World War. The headquarters staff were also moved from London to Borehamwood during the war.<a href="#cite_note-lifeboat89-11">[11]</a> The war placed considerable extra demands on the RNLI, particularly in south and east England where the threat of invasion and enemy activity was ever-present,<a href="#cite_note-Leach-22">[22]</a> rescuing downed aircrew a frequent occurrence, and the constant danger of mines.<a href="#cite_note-Foley-23">[23]</a> During the war, 6,376 lives were saved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009113-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Little_ships_of_Dunkirk#RNLI_lifeboats_at_Dunkirk" class="mw-redirect" title="Little ships of Dunkirk">Nineteen RNLI lifeboats sailed</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> between 27 May and 4 June 1940 to assist with the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a>. Lifeboats from <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate_Lifeboat_Station" title="Ramsgate Lifeboat Station">Ramsgate</a>, (RNLB Prudential (ON 697)), and <a href="/wiki/Margate_Lifeboat_Station" title="Margate Lifeboat Station">Margate</a>, (<a href="/wiki/RNLB_Lord_Southborough_(Civil_Service_No._1)_(ON_688)" title="RNLB Lord Southborough (Civil Service No. 1) (ON 688)">RNLB Lord Southborough (ON 688)</a>), went directly to France with their own crews, Ramsgate's crew collecting 2,800 troops. Both <a href="/wiki/Coxswain" title="Coxswain">coxswains</a>, Edward Parker from Margate and Howard Primrose Knight from Ramsgate were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)">Distinguished Service Medal</a> for their "gallantry and determination when ferrying troops from the beaches".<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Of the other lifeboats and crews summoned to <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a> by the Admiralty, the first arrivals questioned the details of the service, in particular the impracticality of running heavy lifeboats on to the beach, loading them with soldiers, then floating them off. The dispute resulted in the first three crews being sent home. Subsequent lifeboats arriving were commandeered without discussion, much to the disappointment of many lifeboatmen. A later RNLI investigation resulted in the dismissal of two <a href="/wiki/Hythe,_Kent" title="Hythe, Kent">Hythe</a> crew members, who were nevertheless vindicated in one aspect of their criticism, as Hythe's Viscountess Wakefield was run on to the beach at <a href="/wiki/La_Panne" class="mw-redirect" title="La Panne">La Panne</a> and unable to be refloated; she was the only lifeboat to be lost in the operation. Some RNLI crew members stayed in Dover for the emergency to provide repair and refuelling facilities, and after the end of the evacuation most lifeboats returned to their stations with varying levels of damage and continued their lifesaving services.<a href="#cite_note-Leach-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Foley-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developments_after_the_war">Developments after the war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Developments after the war">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arunspeed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Arunspeed.jpg/220px-Arunspeed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Arunspeed.jpg/330px-Arunspeed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Arunspeed.jpg/440px-Arunspeed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Arun-class_lifeboat" title="Arun-class lifeboat">Arun-class lifeboat</a></figcaption></figure> The diesel engines used in lifeboats continued to be developed after the war. A standard <a href="/wiki/L._Gardner_and_Sons" title="L. Gardner and Sons">Gardner</a> engine was found to work well in the marine environment and became the RNLI's standard from 1954. Using a commercial engine made maintenance and obtaining spare parts much easier than with the specialised engines used previously.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009126–129-21">[21]</a> Faster lifeboats were developed from the 1960s by adopting new hull shapes. The first was the <a href="/wiki/Waveney-class_lifeboat" title="Waveney-class lifeboat">Waveney-class</a> based on an American design, but the RNLI developed the concept with the <a href="/wiki/Arun-class_lifeboat" title="Arun-class lifeboat">Arun-class</a> in the 1970s. Faster craft allowed the location of stations to be reviewed with the aim of being able to reach 95% of casualties within 30 minutes of launch. This meant than some stations could be closed as there were others nearby, but it also showed some gaps in coverage which required new stations to be opened.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200683–93-27">[27]</a> For more than 100 years, most lifeboat launches had been to commercial vessels that were in distress. Improved engines and safety equipment, along with a reduction in coastal traffic, saw a reduction in these demands, however more leisure users were taking to the water. These people generally had less experience of the sea and were close to shore. The RNLI considered the use of small inflatable rescue boats. One was purchased for trials and the work of the lifesaving society in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> was studied.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200694–99-28">[28]</a> The first of these <a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat" title="D-class lifeboat">D-class</a> lifeboats was deployed in 1963 and by 1969, there were 108 in service which had been launched 1,210 times and saved 541 lives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009150-29">[29]</a> Larger inshore lifeboats were developed with the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_21-class_lifeboat" title="Atlantic 21-class lifeboat">Atlantic 21</a> entering service in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200694–99-28">[28]</a> The headquarters and depot were both moved to <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-lifeboat89-11">[11]</a> A new Lifeboat Support Centre and College were opened on the adjacent site 2004.<a href="#cite_note-hq-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_services_for_a_new_century">New services for a new century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New services for a new century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RNLI_lifeguards_on_duty_on_Sennen_beach_(geograph_4641879).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RNLI_lifeguards_on_duty_on_Sennen_beach_%28geograph_4641879%29.jpg/220px-RNLI_lifeguards_on_duty_on_Sennen_beach_%28geograph_4641879%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RNLI_lifeguards_on_duty_on_Sennen_beach_%28geograph_4641879%29.jpg/330px-RNLI_lifeguards_on_duty_on_Sennen_beach_%28geograph_4641879%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RNLI_lifeguards_on_duty_on_Sennen_beach_%28geograph_4641879%29.jpg/440px-RNLI_lifeguards_on_duty_on_Sennen_beach_%28geograph_4641879%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>RNLI lifeguards on duty at <a href="/wiki/Sennen" title="Sennen">Sennen</a> in Cornwall</figcaption></figure> The RNLI made a study of its operations during the 1990s and concluded that little more could be done to save people after accidents at sea, but there was scope to reduce the number of accidents happening. This entailed establishing some new services that do not directly involve traditional lifeboats stationed around the coast. A 'Sea Safety' campaign produces various short guides with advice and safety information for different types of user such as divers, sailors and users of personal water craft. 'Sea Check' volunteers also provide inspections and advice for leisure boat owners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006197–199-31">[31]</a> Attention was also paid to people on beaches. The RNLI started to provide lifeguards on certain beaches in May 2001. By the end of the decade, the service was provided at 100 beaches and more than 10,000 people were being given aid each year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009246–247-32">[32]</a> 2001 also saw the first lifeboat stations established on inland waters. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enniskillen_Lifeboat_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enniskillen Lifeboat Station (page does not exist)">Enniskillen Lifeboat Station</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lough_Erne" title="Lough Erne">Lough Erne</a> was opened in May 2001 and several stations were established on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006202–203-33">[33]</a> The RNLI received attention in 2021 for its actions during the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a> as the lifeboats were increasingly called upon to rescue migrants attempting to cross the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> in small boats. The British government praised its 'vital work' but politician <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> criticised the organisation as being a 'taxi service' for human trafficking gangs. There was a 3,000% rise in daily donations and a 270% increase in people viewing its website's volunteering opportunities page after the RNLI's chief executive disclosed the verbal abuse received by its volunteers from members of the public due to its rescuing of migrants.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 2023, the RNLI released details regarding rescues in the English Channel. As has been the case for 200 years, the RNLI will go to the aid of anyone in difficulty at sea, without judgement or preference. In 2022, the RNLI launched 290 times, with every launch of the lifeboat being at the request of H.M. Coastguard. This figure represented just 3% of the 9,312 call-outs nationally in 2022. These 290 calls resulted in saving the lives of 108 people. The RNLI definition of a life saved, is one where the person would have died if not for an intervention by the RNLI or other third party/emergency service.<a href="#cite_note-Channel2022-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rescues,_losses_and_medals">Rescues, losses and medals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rescues, losses and medals">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rescues_and_lives_saved">Rescues and lives saved</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rescues and lives saved">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suevic_postcard-3_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Suevic_postcard-3_%28cropped%29.jpeg/220px-Suevic_postcard-3_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Suevic_postcard-3_%28cropped%29.jpeg/330px-Suevic_postcard-3_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Suevic_postcard-3_%28cropped%29.jpeg/440px-Suevic_postcard-3_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Suevic on the rocks, 1907</figcaption></figure> The RNLI was formed in 1824 and in that year 124 lives were saved. By 1829 more than 1,000 people had been saved and by the end of the century the total had risen to 41,820. Between 1900 and 1999 there were 91,952 saved, the greatest number in a single year being 1,837 in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009254–255-38">[38]</a> Fewer people have need to be saved in recent years; in 2022 269 lives were saved and another 10,734 people aided.<a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a> The biggest rescue in the RNLI's history was on 17 March 1907, when the 12,000 tonne liner <a href="/wiki/SS_Suevic" title="SS Suevic">SS Suevic</a> hit the Maenheere Reef near <a href="/wiki/Lizard_Point,_Cornwall" title="Lizard Point, Cornwall">Lizard Point</a> in Cornwall. In a strong gale and dense fog, RNLI lifeboat volunteers rescued 456 passengers, including 70 babies. Crews from <a href="/wiki/The_Lizard_Lifeboat_Station" title="The Lizard Lifeboat Station">The Lizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadgwith_Lifeboat_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadgwith Lifeboat Station">Cadgwith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coverack_Lifeboat_Station" title="Coverack Lifeboat Station">Coverack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porthleven_Lifeboat_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Porthleven Lifeboat Station">Porthleven</a> rowed out repeatedly for 16 hours to rescue all of the people on board. Six silver RNLI medals were later awarded, two to Suevic crew members.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> While the RNLI exists to 'save lives at sea', it does not <a href="/wiki/Marine_salvage" title="Marine salvage">salvage</a> ships and cargoes. It will tow a boat to safety when that is appropriate but does not charge a salvage fee, however it does encourage voluntary contributions to their funds. This stance was demonstrated at <a href="/wiki/Newquay_Lifeboat_Station" title="Newquay Lifeboat Station">Newquay</a> in 2009, when the RNLI was criticised for not launching a lifeboat in order to aid an uncrewed fishing vessel that had run aground. A spokesperson for the RNLI declared that "We are not a salvage firm and our charity's aim is to provide immediate assistance for people in trouble at sea and lives are at risk."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> There have been a few isolated cases where individual lifeboat crew members have claimed salvage.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> There is no legal reason why crew members of the RNLI could not salvage a vessel,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> since they frequently tow small vessels to safety, often over long distances.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifeboat_and_crew_losses">Lifeboat and crew losses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lifeboat and crew losses">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lifeboat_disasters_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="List of lifeboat disasters in Britain and Ireland">List of lifeboat disasters in Britain and Ireland</a></div> One of William Hillary's concerns in setting up the NIPLS in 1824 was that people were putting their lives in danger to rescue people from shipwrecks.<a href="#cite_note-Storm-26-1">[1]</a> Since then, more than 600 people have died in the service of the RNLI.<a href="#cite_note-YM-46">[46]</a> A memorial was unveiled outside the RNLI's Poole headquarters in 2009. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Holland_(sculptor)" title="Sam Holland (sculptor)">Sam Holland</a> and bears William Hillary's motto: with courage, nothing is impossible. The names of all those who have lost their lives are inscribed around it.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> There is also an RNLI memorial at the <a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Arboretum" title="National Memorial Arboretum">National Memorial Arboretum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alrewas" title="Alrewas">Alrewas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medals">Medals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Medals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penlee_RNLI_gold_and_bronze_medals.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Penlee_RNLI_gold_and_bronze_medals.JPG/220px-Penlee_RNLI_gold_and_bronze_medals.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Penlee_RNLI_gold_and_bronze_medals.JPG/330px-Penlee_RNLI_gold_and_bronze_medals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Penlee_RNLI_gold_and_bronze_medals.JPG/440px-Penlee_RNLI_gold_and_bronze_medals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>RNLI gold and bronze medals</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Awards_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution">Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution</a></div> The RNLI awards gold, silver and bronze medals to its crews for bravery. The 'Thanks of the Institution Inscribed on Vellum' may also be awarded for significant contributions. In the 180 years to 2004 some 150 gold, 1,563 silver and 791 bronze medals had been presented.<a href="#cite_note-Lifeboat570-13-49">[49]</a> Significant activities may also be recognised by a 'Framed letter of thanks' from the Chairman or a 'Letter of appreciation' from the Chief Executive or Operations Director.<a href="#cite_note-Lifeboat570-13-49">[49]</a> The Ralph Glister Award was inaugurated in 1968 for the most meritorious inshore rescue boat service each year.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The Walter Groombridge Award was established in 1986 in memory of <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Lifeboat_Station" title="Brighton Lifeboat Station">Brighton Lifeboat Station</a>'s Administration Officer has been renamed the Walter and Elizabeth Groombridge Award in memory of his wife who died in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The most decorated lifeboatman was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Blogg" title="Henry Blogg">Henry Blogg GC BEM</a>, coxswain of <a href="/wiki/Cromer_Lifeboat_Station" title="Cromer Lifeboat Station">Cromer</a> for 37 years, with three gold medals and four silver. He was also awarded the <a href="/wiki/Empire_Gallantry_Medal" title="Empire Gallantry Medal">Empire Gallantry Medal</a> in 1924, converted to a <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a> in 1941, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Medal" title="British Empire Medal">British Empire Medal</a>, and is known as "The Greatest of all Lifeboatmen".<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Some other lifeboat crew who have received multiple medals include:<a href="#cite_note-53">[Note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lifeboat_Gallantry-54">[53]</a> <ul><li>William Henry Tregidgo received silver medals in 1853, 1858 and 1860 for rescues at <a href="/wiki/Bude_Lifeboat_Station" title="Bude Lifeboat Station">Bude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boscastle" title="Boscastle">Boscastle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newquay_Lifeboat_Station" title="Newquay Lifeboat Station">Newquay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-55">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Hook" title="Robert William Hook">Robert Hook</a>, coxswain at <a href="/wiki/Lowestoft_Lifeboat_Station" title="Lowestoft Lifeboat Station">Lowestoft</a> from 1853 to 1883, was awarded a silver medal in 1859, and again in 1873.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></li> <li>Daniel Shea, coxswain at <a href="/wiki/Padstow_Lifeboat_Station" title="Padstow Lifeboat Station">Padstow</a>, was awarded a silver medal for two services in 1859, another in 1860 and a third in 1866.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Freeman_(1835%E2%80%931904)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Freeman (1835–1904)">Henry Freeman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Whitby_Lifeboat_Station" title="Whitby Lifeboat Station">Whitby</a> coxswain for 22 years, was awarded silver medals in 1861 and 1880.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a></li> <li>Patrick Power, coxswain at <a href="/wiki/Dunmore_East_Lifeboat_Station" title="Dunmore East Lifeboat Station">Dunmore East</a>, was awarded the bronze medal four times, in 1941, 1951, 1961 and 1964.<a href="#cite_note-Lifeboat_Gallantry-54">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Evans_(lifeboatman)" title="Richard Evans (lifeboatman)">Richard Evans BEM</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moelfre_Lifeboat_Station" title="Moelfre Lifeboat Station">Moelfre</a> was awarded a bronze medal in 1943 and two gold medals in 1959 and 1966, both for rescues in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" title="Atlantic hurricane">hurricanes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a></li> <li>Daniel Kirkpatrick BEM, coxswain of the <a href="/wiki/Longhope_Lifeboat_Station" title="Longhope Lifeboat Station">Longhope</a> lifeboat, was given silver medals for rescues in 1959, 1964 and 1968. This meant that he was the only person at that time with three silver medals. He would be one of 8 crew lost in the Longhope lifeboat disaster, when the lifeboat capsized in a storm on 17 March 1969.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200676–78-60">[59]</a></li> <li>Coxswain Brian Bevan MBE of the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Lifeboat_Station" title="Humber Lifeboat Station">Humber</a> lifeboat is the only crew member to be awarded with bronze, silver and gold medals for gallantry, and have them presented at the same awards ceremony. This was for three medal services carried out over just a 7-week period between December 1978 and February 1979.<a href="#cite_note-BSG-61">[60]</a></li> <li>Coxswain Hewitt Clark MBE of the <a href="/wiki/Lerwick_Lifeboat_Station" title="Lerwick Lifeboat Station">Lerwick</a> lifeboat was awarded the bronze medal on three occasions, 1983, 1989 and 1993, followed by a silver medal in 1995, all aboard the <a href="/wiki/Arun-class_lifeboat" title="Arun-class lifeboat">Arun-class</a> lifeboat 52-10 Soldian (ON 1057). This would be followed by a gold medal for the service to the Green Lily in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-ClarkPHP-62">[61]</a></li></ul> One lifeboat has received an award: for the Daunt <a href="/wiki/Lightvessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightvessel">lightship</a> rescue in 1936 the <a href="/wiki/RNLB_Mary_Stanford_(ON_733)" title="RNLB Mary Stanford (ON 733)">RNLB Mary Stanford</a> and her entire crew were decorated.<a href="#cite_note-lifeboat-498-18">[18]</a> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Trearddur_Bay_Lifeboat_Station" title="Trearddur Bay Lifeboat Station">Trearddur Bay</a> Helmsman Lee Duncan became the first crew member of an <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_85-class_lifeboat" title="Atlantic 85-class lifeboat">Atlantic 85</a> lifeboat to be awarded the RNLI silver medal for the rescue of a surfer in extreme weather conditions. His three other crew members, Dafydd Griffiths, Leigh McCann and Michael Doran, were each awarded the RNLI bronze medal.<a href="#cite_note-TBsilver-63">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poole_B716_practising_helicopter_winching.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Poole_B716_practising_helicopter_winching.jpg/220px-Poole_B716_practising_helicopter_winching.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Poole_B716_practising_helicopter_winching.jpg/330px-Poole_B716_practising_helicopter_winching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Poole_B716_practising_helicopter_winching.jpg/440px-Poole_B716_practising_helicopter_winching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Practising helicopter winching in the Lifeboat College's survival pool</figcaption></figure> The RNLI was granted a Royal Charter of incorporation 1860 which has been revised several times since then. It is governed by a Trustee Board which receives advice and assistance from a Council and specialist committees. Day-to-day operations are managed by an Executive Team of 8 senior managers led by a chief executive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202434-64">[63]</a> The RNLI is split into six administrative regions:<a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Lifeboat stations </th> <th>Lifeguard units<a href="#cite_note-65">[Note 2]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>North and East England </td> <td>36 </td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South East England </td> <td>31 </td> <td>42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South West England </td> <td>33 </td> <td>87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wales, West and Isle of Man </td> <td>46 </td> <td>49 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td>46 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scotland </td> <td>46 </td> <td>8 </td></tr></tbody></table> The RNLI's headquarters are in <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Holes_Bay" title="Holes Bay">Holes Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poole_Harbour" title="Poole Harbour">Poole Harbour</a>. The site includes the Lifeboat Support Centre and Lifeboat College (the RNLI's training centre). The support centre and college were opened by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-hq-30">[30]</a> The college includes a survival pool and lifeboat simulators. Crews are trained here to operate their lifeboat in many situations including capsizes and working with helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009170–171-66">[64]</a> RNLI Ireland has a headquarters at Airside in <a href="/wiki/Swords,_County_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Swords, County Dublin">Swords</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> The institution has enjoyed royal <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> since its foundation. The patrons have been <a href="/wiki/King_George_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King George IV">King George IV</a> (1824–1830), <a href="/wiki/King_William_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King William IV">King William IV</a> (1830–1837), <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (1837–1901), <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</a> (1901–1910), <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> (1910–1936), <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> (1911–1953), <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Alexandra">Queen Alexandra</a> (1913–1925), <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a> (1936), <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> (1937–1952), <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a> (1937–2002), and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> (1952–2022) and, since 14 May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Charles_III-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operations">edit</a>]</div> The RNLI provides <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboat</a> services around the coasts and on certain inland waterways throughout the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and offshore islands. In 2023 this involved operations from 238 lifeboat stations with a fleet of 432 rescue craft that launched 9,192 times.<a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a> There are also 242 <a href="/wiki/Lifeguard" title="Lifeguard">lifeguard</a> units who aided 19,979 people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202414-70">[68]</a> These services are provided by nearly 10,000 lifeboat volunteers and about 2,500 paid staff including lifeguards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202458-71">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifeboat_stations">Lifeboat stations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lifeboat stations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg/220px-Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg/330px-Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg/440px-Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3730" data-file-height="2510" /></a><figcaption>Lifeboat station and slipway at <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas, Isle of Man</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_RNLI_stations" title="List of RNLI stations">List of RNLI stations</a></div> The RNLI operated 238 RNLI lifeboat stations in 2023 around the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a> Stations will be equipped with all-weather lifeboats and/or inshore lifeboats to suit their local needs. Launch methods vary too, generally having larger boats <a href="/wiki/Mooring" title="Mooring">moored afloat</a> or launched on a <a href="/wiki/Slipway" title="Slipway">slipway</a> while smaller boats are often put in the water on trolleys propelled by tractors.<a href="#cite_note-LBES-72">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tower_Lifeboat_Station" title="Tower Lifeboat Station">Tower Lifeboat Station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> in London is the RNLI's busiest; in 2013 crews rescued 372 people and saved 25 lives.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_former_RNLI_stations" title="List of former RNLI stations">Many other stations have been operated by the RNLI</a> but have since closed as demands changed. Some of these locations now have an <a href="/wiki/Independent_lifeboats_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Independent lifeboats in Britain and Ireland">independent lifeboat service</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifeboats_and_other_rescue_craft">Lifeboats and other rescue craft</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lifeboats and other rescue craft">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_lifeboats" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats">Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats</a></div> The RNLI operated 432 <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboats</a> and other rescue craft in 2023, although the number changes from time-to-time as older boats are retired and new ones provided, and the needs of the lifeboat stations change.<a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a> The names of lifeboats are <a href="/wiki/Ship_prefix" title="Ship prefix">prefixed</a> 'RNLB' (for Royal National Lifeboat). All display an Operation Number so that they can be easily identified; all-weather lifeboats are also allocated a sequential Official Number (ON) which is used in RNLI records.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeonardDenton202450–58,_69–88-74">[72]</a> There are two broad types of lifeboat: <ul><li>All-weather lifeboats (ALBs) are large boats with enclosed wheelhouses and survivor spaces below deck, which are self-righting and can go out in all weather conditions. Some ALBs carry an inflatable <a href="/wiki/Y-class_lifeboat" title="Y-class lifeboat">Y-class lifeboat</a> or Y-boat for inshore work, launched by mechanical arm. There are five classes of ALBs with speeds ranging from 17 to 25 knots. They are classed as <a href="/wiki/Mersey-class_lifeboat" title="Mersey-class lifeboat">Mersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trent-class_lifeboat" title="Trent-class lifeboat">Trent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severn-class_lifeboat" title="Severn-class lifeboat">Severn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamar-class_lifeboat" title="Tamar-class lifeboat">Tamar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shannon-class_lifeboat" title="Shannon-class lifeboat">Shannon-class</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009202–210-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a></li> <li>Inshore lifeboats (ILBs) are <a href="/wiki/Inflatable_boat" title="Inflatable boat">inflatable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rigid-hulled_inflatable_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigid-hulled inflatable boat">rigid-hulled inflatable boats</a> (RIBs) that operate closer to the shore and in shallower waters than ALBs. The smaller ones are known as <a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(IB1)" title="D-class lifeboat (IB1)">D-class</a> and the larger as <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_85-class_lifeboat" title="Atlantic 85-class lifeboat">B-class</a>. Special <a href="/wiki/E-class_lifeboat" title="E-class lifeboat">E-class</a> boats work on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>. All are built and maintained at the RNLI's Inshore Lifeboat Centre at <a href="/wiki/Cowes" title="Cowes">Cowes</a>, Isle of Wight.<a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200696-76">[74]</a></li></ul> Other craft include <a href="/wiki/H-class_lifeboat" title="H-class lifeboat">H-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a>, small inflatable rescue boats, personal water craft and boarding boats<a href="#cite_note-report-8-39">[39]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RNLB_Bryan_and_Gordon_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Severn-class ALB"><img alt="Severn-class ALB" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/RNLB_Bryan_and_Gordon_-_2.jpg/120px-RNLB_Bryan_and_Gordon_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/RNLB_Bryan_and_Gordon_-_2.jpg/180px-RNLB_Bryan_and_Gordon_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/RNLB_Bryan_and_Gordon_-_2.jpg/240px-RNLB_Bryan_and_Gordon_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1518" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Severn-class ALB</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RNLB_Irene_Muriel_Rees_in_the_Hamoaze.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tamar-class ALB"><img alt="Tamar-class ALB" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/RNLB_Irene_Muriel_Rees_in_the_Hamoaze.jpg/120px-RNLB_Irene_Muriel_Rees_in_the_Hamoaze.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/RNLB_Irene_Muriel_Rees_in_the_Hamoaze.jpg/180px-RNLB_Irene_Muriel_Rees_in_the_Hamoaze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/RNLB_Irene_Muriel_Rees_in_the_Hamoaze.jpg/240px-RNLB_Irene_Muriel_Rees_in_the_Hamoaze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2232" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tamar-class ALB</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RNLB_Barbara_Ann_(ship,_2017),_21_January_2020.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shannon-class ALB"><img alt="Shannon-class ALB" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/RNLB_Barbara_Ann_%28ship%2C_2017%29%2C_21_January_2020.JPG/120px-RNLB_Barbara_Ann_%28ship%2C_2017%29%2C_21_January_2020.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/RNLB_Barbara_Ann_%28ship%2C_2017%29%2C_21_January_2020.JPG/180px-RNLB_Barbara_Ann_%28ship%2C_2017%29%2C_21_January_2020.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/RNLB_Barbara_Ann_%28ship%2C_2017%29%2C_21_January_2020.JPG/240px-RNLB_Barbara_Ann_%28ship%2C_2017%29%2C_21_January_2020.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1977" data-file-height="1572" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shannon-class ALB</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lifeboat_demonstration_on_Hayling_RNLI_Open_Day_(7)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1423414.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="B-class ILB"><img alt="B-class ILB" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lifeboat_demonstration_on_Hayling_RNLI_Open_Day_%287%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1423414.jpg/120px-Lifeboat_demonstration_on_Hayling_RNLI_Open_Day_%287%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1423414.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lifeboat_demonstration_on_Hayling_RNLI_Open_Day_%287%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1423414.jpg/180px-Lifeboat_demonstration_on_Hayling_RNLI_Open_Day_%287%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1423414.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lifeboat_demonstration_on_Hayling_RNLI_Open_Day_%287%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1423414.jpg/240px-Lifeboat_demonstration_on_Hayling_RNLI_Open_Day_%287%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1423414.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">B-class ILB</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Weston-super-Mare_inshore_rescue_boat_D696_Anna_Stock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="D-class ILB"><img alt="D-class ILB" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Weston-super-Mare_inshore_rescue_boat_D696_Anna_Stock.jpg/120px-Weston-super-Mare_inshore_rescue_boat_D696_Anna_Stock.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Weston-super-Mare_inshore_rescue_boat_D696_Anna_Stock.jpg/180px-Weston-super-Mare_inshore_rescue_boat_D696_Anna_Stock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Weston-super-Mare_inshore_rescue_boat_D696_Anna_Stock.jpg/240px-Weston-super-Mare_inshore_rescue_boat_D696_Anna_Stock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">D-class ILB</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel_and_equipment">Personnel and equipment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personnel and equipment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poole_lifeboat_museum_lifejackets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Poole_lifeboat_museum_lifejackets.jpg/220px-Poole_lifeboat_museum_lifejackets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Poole_lifeboat_museum_lifejackets.jpg/330px-Poole_lifeboat_museum_lifejackets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Poole_lifeboat_museum_lifejackets.jpg/440px-Poole_lifeboat_museum_lifejackets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Lifejackets from different years at the Poole Lifeboat Museum</figcaption></figure> 97% of lifeboat crews are volunteers. There were more than 5,700 in 2022 and they are supported by more than 4,000 volunteer shore crew and station management. The lifeguard service is mostly seasonal paid staff but there were 98 volunteer lifeguards in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI20245-77">[75]</a> In the early days of the service, lifeboat launch and recovery was usually undertaken by women. There were deeply-held views about women crewing the boats – it was considered extremely bad luck. Along all parts of the coastline, women supported their men on the lifeboat crews by working together to get the lifeboat afloat and then later recovering it from the water in readiness for when the next call came.<a href="#cite_note-Hennessy-78">[76]</a> Lifeboat crew are still predominantly male (92 per cent in 2013, falling to 90 per cent in 2022) but increasing numbers of women are now found in the lifeboat and shore crews.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC230624-80">[78]</a> The first female (inshore) crew member was Elizabeth Hostvedt at <a href="/wiki/Porthcawl_Lifeboat_Station" title="Porthcawl Lifeboat Station">Porthcawl</a> in 1969, and Frances Glody was the first woman member of an all-weather lifeboat crew at <a href="/wiki/Dunmore_East_Lifeboat_Station" title="Dunmore East Lifeboat Station">Dunmore East</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-Hennessy-78">[76]</a> Aileen Pritchard at Porthcawl was the first female lifeboat crew member to receive a medal for bravery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006182–183-81">[79]</a> Lauren McGuire at <a href="/wiki/Clovelly_Lifeboat_Station" title="Clovelly Lifeboat Station">Clovelly</a> became the youngest station manager in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> In 2017, Di Bush at <a href="/wiki/Harwich_Lifeboat_Station" title="Harwich Lifeboat Station">Harwich Lifeboat Station</a> became the RNLI's first female full-time mechanic and four years later she was appointed as the first female full-time coxswain.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Lifeboat_Station" title="Cardigan Lifeboat Station">Cardigan</a> launched an all-female crew in 2011, believed to be a first in Wales.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> In 2022, Cullercoats RNLI station launched its first all-female lifeboat crew.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Figures published in 2022 show lifeguards comprise 29 per cent women, and the RNLI total workforce to be 34 per cent women.<a href="#cite_note-BBC230624-80">[78]</a> Lifeboat crews are trained at their stations and at the Lifeboat College in Poole.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009230–231-86">[84]</a> They are provided with safety clothing. The first <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_flotation_device" title="Personal flotation device">lifejackets</a> were introduced in the 1850s but lighter, less bulky, <a href="/wiki/Kapok_fibre" title="Kapok fibre">kapok</a> lifejackets were introduced in 1904. Inflatable 'Beaufort' lifejackets were introduced in 1972 but 'Crewsaver' lifejackets are now used with different designs for inshore or all-weather lifeboat crews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009146–147-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_safety">Water safety</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Water safety">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watchet_old_lifeboat_station_and_RNLI_sea_safety_roadshow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Watchet_old_lifeboat_station_and_RNLI_sea_safety_roadshow.jpg/220px-Watchet_old_lifeboat_station_and_RNLI_sea_safety_roadshow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Watchet_old_lifeboat_station_and_RNLI_sea_safety_roadshow.jpg/330px-Watchet_old_lifeboat_station_and_RNLI_sea_safety_roadshow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Watchet_old_lifeboat_station_and_RNLI_sea_safety_roadshow.jpg/440px-Watchet_old_lifeboat_station_and_RNLI_sea_safety_roadshow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A Sea Safety event outside the former lifeboat station at <a href="/wiki/Watchet" title="Watchet">Watchet</a></figcaption></figure> Volunteers (1,000 in 2023) provide water safety advice and training to various water users, ranging from schools to commercial boat users.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202416-87">[85]</a> The RNLI offers safety advice in person and in publications to boat and beach users when the opportunity arises, and to at-risk groups such as anglers, divers and kayakers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006197–199-31">[31]</a> The RNLI runs sea and beach safety sessions for young people, particularly those in at-risk communities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202416-87">[85]</a> It extends practical or strategic safety advice to lifesaver organisations overseas.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_work">International work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International work">edit</a>]</div> The RNLI was asked to help transport aid following <a href="/wiki/Floods_in_Bangladesh" title="Floods in Bangladesh">Floods in Bangladesh</a> during 1970. 20 <a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat" title="D-class lifeboat">D-class</a> craft and 57 crew were air lifted to the country. Similar operations happened in Bangladesh again in 1988, in <a href="/wiki/2000_Mozambique_flood" title="2000 Mozambique flood">Mozambique</a> in 2000 and <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009154–155-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006173–176-90">[88]</a> RNLI lifeboats that have been replaced by more modern boats are often sold to other countries including <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006173–176-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeonardDenton20244–55-91">[89]</a> Training and education support is also provided to many countries including <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202417-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finances">Finances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Finances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penlee_RNLI_collection_boxes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Penlee_RNLI_collection_boxes.JPG/170px-Penlee_RNLI_collection_boxes.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Penlee_RNLI_collection_boxes.JPG/255px-Penlee_RNLI_collection_boxes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Penlee_RNLI_collection_boxes.JPG/340px-Penlee_RNLI_collection_boxes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Examples of collection boxes from different eras</figcaption></figure> The RNLI is a registered charity that 'saves lives at sea'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202432-93">[91]</a> Its income in 2022 was £231.1 million:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202426–27-94">[92]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Income </th> <th>£ </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament#Terminology" title="Will and testament">Legacies</a> </td> <td>£140.8 million </td> <td>64% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Voluntary donations </td> <td align="right">£66.5 million </td> <td>30% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lifeguard service charges </td> <td align="right">£9.8 million </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Investments </td> <td align="right">£3.0 million </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other sources including government grants </td> <td align="right">£1.5 million </td> <td>1% </td></tr></tbody></table> Its charitable expenditure in 2023 was £191.2 million. It also spent £43.9 million (19% of its income) on fundraising.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202426–27-94">[92]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Charitable expenditure </th> <th>£ </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lifeboat services </td> <td align="right">£51.0 million </td> <td>26% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lifeboat infrastructure </td> <td align="right">£108.2 million </td> <td>57% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lifeguard services </td> <td align="right">£22.5 million </td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Water safety and education </td> <td align="right">£6.4 million </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>International work </td> <td align="right">£3.1 million </td> <td>2% </td></tr></tbody></table> Much of the funding comes from legacies, trusts and institutional donors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202488-95">[93]</a> One of the biggest is the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_lifeboats" title="Civil Service lifeboats">Communications and Public Service Lifeboat Fund</a> (known simply as 'The Lifeboat Fund'). This was established in 1886 for civil servants to collectively support the RNLI<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> and has provided 53 lifeboats.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> Volunteers operate shops in many towns and take part in street collections and open days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERNLI202418-98">[96]</a> Many forms of collection boxes have been placed in lifeboat stations<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> but are sometimes targeted by thieves.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> A typical cast iron collection box in <a href="/wiki/Porthgwarra" title="Porthgwarra">Porthgwarra</a>, Cornwall, is Grade II listed<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> as is an unusual fish-shaped one in <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood%27s_Bay" title="Robin Hood's Bay">Robin Hood's Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage_and_museums">Heritage and museums</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Heritage and museums">edit</a>]</div> The RNLI Heritage Collection Trust 2012 is responsible for the organisation's historic objects and archives. It runs a number of museums:<a href="#cite_note-RNLI_Museums-103">[101]</a> <ul><li>RNLI Historic Lifeboat Collection, <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Historic_Dockyard" title="Chatham Historic Dockyard">Chatham Historic Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Darling" title="Grace Darling">Grace Darling</a> Museum, <a href="/wiki/Bamburgh" title="Bamburgh">Bamburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Blogg" title="Henry Blogg">Henry Blogg</a> Museum, <a href="/wiki/Cromer" title="Cromer">Cromer</a></li> <li>Eastbourne Lifeboat Museum, <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a></li> <li>Moelfre Sea Watch Centre, <a href="/wiki/Moelfre,_Anglesey" title="Moelfre, Anglesey">Moelfre, Anglesey</a></li> <li>Poole Old Lifeboat Museum, <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a></li> <li>Salcombe Lifeboat Museum, <a href="/wiki/Salcombe" title="Salcombe">Salcombe</a></li> <li>Whitby Lifeboat Museum, <a href="/wiki/Whitby" title="Whitby">Whitby</a></li></ul> Other independent lifeboat museums can be found, many of which will have RNLI memorabilia: <ul><li>East Durham Heritage and Lifeboat Centre, <a href="/wiki/Seaham" title="Seaham">Seaham</a><a href="#cite_note-East_Durham-106">[104]</a></li> <li>Harwich Lifeboat Museum, <a href="/wiki/Harwich" title="Harwich">Harwich</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhope_Lifeboat_Museum" title="Longhope Lifeboat Museum">Longhope Lifeboat Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longhope,_Orkney" title="Longhope, Orkney">Longhope, Orkney</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a></li> <li>Sheringham Museum at The Mo.<a href="#cite_note-The_Mo-109">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zetland_(lifeboat)" title="Zetland (lifeboat)">Zetland Lifeboat Museum and Redcar Heritage Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redcar" title="Redcar">Redcar</a> (the world's oldest intact lifeboat)<a href="#cite_note-Zetland-110">[108]</a></li></ul> The RNLI 200th anniversary and Isle of Man’s maritime heritage exhibition 'All at Sea' is at <a href="/wiki/House_of_Manannan" title="House of Manannan">House of Manannan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peel,_Isle_of_Man" title="Peel, Isle of Man">Peel, Isle of Man</a>, from 17 February 2024 to 26 January 2025. It is supported by the RNLI Heritage Collection Trust 2012.<a href="#cite_note-All_at_Sea-111">[109]</a> The 'Women of the RNLI' exhibition to celebrate the RNLI 200th anniversary is at The <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, from 2 March 2024 to 1 December 2024. It features the work of photographer Jack Lowe, who uses the Victorian <a href="/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">Collodion wet plate process</a> to create the images.<a href="#cite_note-Women_of_the_RNLI-112">[110]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Historic_RNLI_Lifeboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic RNLI Lifeboats">old lifeboats</a> have been preserved by enthusiasts. They often appear at events including historic lifeboat gatherings at <a href="/wiki/Fowey" title="Fowey">Fowey</a> which have been held most years since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> The Lifeboat Enthusiast's Society was established in 1964 and supports the work of the RNLI Heritage Collection Trust and all aspects of lifeboat study including collecting ephemera and modelling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009256-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_and_image">Media and image</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media and image">edit</a>]</div> Newspapers often include reports about lifeboats, their rescues and losses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006131-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Since the 1890s they have also played their part in fund raising.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200989-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The first appearance of an RNLI lifeboat on television was in 1947 when the <a href="/wiki/New_Quay_Lifeboat_Station" title="New Quay Lifeboat Station">New Quay</a> pulling and sailing lifeboat was filmed as it was about to be replaced by a motor lifeboat.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Since then many programmes have been made about lifeboats and their crews. Some were featured on <a href="/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(British_TV_series)" title="This Is Your Life (British TV series)">This is Your Life</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200616–17,_115-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006136–139-121">[119]</a> and viewers of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Peter" title="Blue Peter">Blue Peter</a> have raised funds to buy many lifeboats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkidmore1979154–156-122">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Mumbles_Lifeboat_Station" title="The Mumbles Lifeboat Station">The Mumbles Lifeboat Station</a> took centre stage in the BBC drama series Ennal's Point in 1982 which starred <a href="/wiki/Philip_Madoc" title="Philip Madoc">Philip Madoc</a> as a lifeboat coxswain. The series was <a href="/wiki/Ennal%27s_Point" title="Ennal's Point">based on a book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alun_Richards" title="Alun Richards">Alun Richards</a> who wanted to show lifeboat crews as "ordinary men who became extraordinary because of their very nature of their task, saving life in any weather".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006108–109-123">[121]</a> Documentary series have been made about the lifeboat stations at <a href="/wiki/Humber_Lifeboat_Station" title="Humber Lifeboat Station">Humber</a> in 1984<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006108–109-123">[121]</a> and Salcombe in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> The long-running BBC series, <a href="/wiki/Saving_Lives_at_Sea" title="Saving Lives at Sea">Saving Lives at Sea</a> first aired in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> On 2 August 2024, a song commemorating the 200th anniversary of the service titled "Brave Volunteers" was released by <a href="/wiki/Seth_Lakeman" title="Seth Lakeman">Seth Lakeman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_Friends" title="Fisherman's Friends">Fisherman's Friends</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life-Boat_journal">Life-Boat journal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Life-Boat journal">edit</a>]</div> The RNLI published the first issue of The Life-Boat in March 1852. It was sold for 1½<abbr title="old pence">d</abbr> for "laying before the public all the information respecting the construction and establishment of Life-Boats, the number of Shipwrecks, the exertions made to save Life and Property, and the prizes and medals awarded to those who have been most active in that noble service".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200953–54-127">[125]</a> It was sub-titled Journal of the National Shipwreck Institution but from Volume 2 in 1855 this was changed to reflect the organisations new name which was adopted the previous year to be the Journal of the National Life-Boat Institution. The last issue under this name was volume 31, no. 341 in April 1940; Life-boat War Bulletins were published from No. 1 in September 1940; from 1945 to December 1946 simply entitled Life-boat Bulletin. From volume 32, no. 342 (June 1947), the journal has been called The Life-boat, more recently The Lifeboat and then Lifeboat.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RNLI_flag">RNLI flag</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: RNLI flag">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_(2024-).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_%282024-%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_%282024-%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_%282024-%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_%282024-%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_%282024-%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_%282024-%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="2475" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the RNLI with Tudor crown</figcaption></figure> The first design of the RNLI flag was created by Leonora Preston in 1884 after her brother was rescued by <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate_Lifeboat_Station" title="Ramsgate Lifeboat Station">Ramsgate lifeboat volunteers</a>. The design depicts <a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">Saint George's Cross</a> bordered by a dark blue line and within the white cantons, initials of the charity name coloured red. The first design included the Tudor crown worn by <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> at the centre of the cross with a foul anchor below it, representing the charity's dedication to the royal charter and to the sea. The design was formally adopted in 1908 and was flown at every lifeboat station thereafter. The design of the flag has changed twice to reflect changing royal patronage. In 1953, following Elizabeth II's coronation, the design was altered to exchange the Tudor crown with St Edward's crown to represent the newly appointed monarch.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Following the accession of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, the design re-adopted the Tudor crown.<a href="#cite_note-NewFlag-131">[129]</a> In 1964 the RNLI had a red ensign approved, which is flown from lifeboats.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> When a second or third medal of the same colour is awarded, the recipient just receives a clasp to add to their first medal. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> The RNLI's Annual Report for 2023 states there are 242 lifeguard units but three were (1 in South West England and 2 in South East England) were not staffed during the year. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Coastguard" title="Isle of Man Coastguard">Isle of Man Coastguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_lifeboats_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Independent lifeboats in Britain and Ireland">Independent lifeboats in Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li>Similar organisations of other nations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Sea_Rescue_Institution" title="Royal Netherlands Sea Rescue Institution">Royal Netherlands Sea Rescue Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Nationale_de_Sauvetage_en_Mer" title="Société Nationale de Sauvetage en Mer">Société Nationale de Sauvetage en Mer</a> – France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Sea_Rescue_Society" title="German Sea Rescue Society">German Sea Rescue Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Society_for_Sea_Rescue" title="Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue">Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Sea_Rescue_Society" title="Swedish Sea Rescue Society">Swedish Sea Rescue Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Marine_Search_and_Rescue" title="Royal Canadian Marine Search and Rescue">Royal Canadian Marine Search and Rescue</a> – West Coast of Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sea_Rescue_Institute" title="National Sea Rescue Institute">National Sea Rescue Institute</a> – South Africa</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Storm-26-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storm-26_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storm-26_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCameron2009" class="citation book cs1">Cameron, Ian (2009). Riders of the Storm. Orion Books. pp. 26–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7528-8344-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7528-8344-1"><bdi>978-0-7528-8344-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riders+of+the+Storm&rft.pages=26-29&rft.pub=Orion+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7528-8344-1&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DouglasJM-2"><a href="#cite_ref-DouglasJM_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2001" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Jeff (December 2001). Douglas Lifeboats (1802-2002). Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+Lifeboats+%281802-2002%29&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Lifeboat+Enthusiasts+Society&rft.date=2001-12&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200933-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200933_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200939–42-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200939–42_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 39–42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009252-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009252_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009252_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009252_5-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, p. 252. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeach2006" class="citation book cs1">Leach, Nicholas (2006). Cornwall's Lifeboat Heritage. Twelveheads Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906294-43-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-906294-43-6"><bdi>0-906294-43-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cornwall%27s+Lifeboat+Heritage&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Twelveheads+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-906294-43-6&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200951–56-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200951–56_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200951–56_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200951–56_7-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 51–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009146–147-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009146–147_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009146–147_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 146–147. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200957–59-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200957–59_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 57–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200965–67-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200965–67_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 65–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-lifeboat89-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lifeboat89_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifeboat89_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifeboat89_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWake-WalkerDeanePurches1989" class="citation book cs1">Wake-Walker, Edward; Deane, Heather; Purches, Georgette (1989). Lifeboat!. Ian Allan. pp. 19–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-1835-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-1835-9"><bdi>0-7110-1835-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lifeboat%21&rft.pages=19-22&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-7110-1835-9&rft.aulast=Wake-Walker&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Deane%2C+Heather&rft.au=Purches%2C+Georgette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200985–92-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200985–92_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 85–92. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiplingKipling2006" class="citation book cs1">Kipling, Ray; Kipling, Susannah (2006). Never Turn Back. Sutton Publishing. pp. 143–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-4307-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-4307-6"><bdi>0-7509-4307-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Never+Turn+Back&rft.pages=143-145&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7509-4307-6&rft.aulast=Kipling&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.au=Kipling%2C+Susannah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200970–83-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200970–83_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 70–83. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenton2010" class="citation book cs1">Denton, Tony (2010). Handbook 2010. Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+2010&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Lifeboat+Enthusiasts+Society&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Denton&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009105–109-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009105–109_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009105–109_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 105–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200998–104-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200998–104_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 98–104. </li> <li id="cite_note-lifeboat-498-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lifeboat-498_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifeboat-498_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWake-Walker1986" class="citation magazine cs1">Wake-Walker, Edward (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifeboatmagazinearchive.rnli.org/volume/50/498/the-rnli-in-ireland-by-edward-wake-walker">"The RNLI in Ireland"</a>. The Lifeboat. Vol. 50, no. 498. pp. 83–85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lifeboat&rft.atitle=The+RNLI+in+Ireland&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=498&rft.pages=83-85&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Wake-Walker&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifeboatmagazinearchive.rnli.org%2Fvolume%2F50%2F498%2Fthe-rnli-in-ireland-by-edward-wake-walker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009253-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009253_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.international-maritime-rescue.org/News/our-members-2">"Our Members"</a>. International Maritime Rescue Federation. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Members&rft.pub=International+Maritime+Rescue+Federation&rft.date=2023-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.international-maritime-rescue.org%2FNews%2Four-members-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009126–129-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009126–129_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009126–129_21-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 126–129. </li> <li id="cite_note-Leach-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leach_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leach_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeach2014" class="citation book cs1">Leach, Nicholas (2014). The Lifeboat Service in South East England. Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-1757-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-1757-2"><bdi>978-1-4456-1757-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lifeboat+Service+in+South+East+England&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-1757-2&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foley-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foley_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foley_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley2013" class="citation book cs1">Foley, Michael (2013). Essex at War. Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-2818-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-2818-9"><bdi>978-1-4456-2818-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essex+at+War&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-2818-9&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009113-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009113_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette34953" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34953/supplement/5711">"No. 34953"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 24 September 1940. p. 5711.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+34953&rft.pages=5711&rft.date=1940-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F34953%2Fsupplement%2F5711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> Margate's Coxswain named as Edward Drake Palmer. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastings2011" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, Max (2011). All Hell Let Loose. London: Harper Press. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-745072-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-745072-5"><bdi>978-0-00-745072-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Hell+Let+Loose&rft.place=London&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Harper+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-00-745072-5&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200683–93-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200683–93_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiplingKipling2006">Kipling & Kipling 2006</a>, pp. 83–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200694–99-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200694–99_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200694–99_28-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiplingKipling2006">Kipling & Kipling 2006</a>, pp. 94–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2009150-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2009150_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-hq-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hq_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hq_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/3930293.stm">"Royal opening for lifeboat centre"</a>. BBC News. 28 July 2004. 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Spink & Son Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907605-89-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-907605-89-3"><bdi>0-907605-89-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lifeboat+Gallantry&rft.pub=Spink+%26+Son+Ltd&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-907605-89-3&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-55"><a href="#cite_ref-history_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/lifeboat-stations/bude-lifeboat-station/station-history-bude">"Bude station history"</a>. RNLI. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNLI&rft.atitle=Bude+station+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frnli.org%2Ffind-my-nearest%2Flifeboat-stations%2Fbude-lifeboat-station%2Fstation-history-bude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/lifeboat-stations/lowestoft-lifeboat-station/station-history-lowestoft">"Lowestoft Station History"</a>. RNLI. 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The History Press. pp. 15–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-6540-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-6540-1"><bdi>978-0-7524-6540-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Padstow+Lifeboats&rft.pages=15-17&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-6540-1&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/lifeboat-stations/whitby-lifeboat-station/station-history-whitby">"Whitby station history"</a>. RNLI. 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David & Charles. pp. 1–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-7691-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-7691-8"><bdi>0-7153-7691-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lifeboat+VC&rft.pages=1-140&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-7153-7691-8&rft.aulast=Skidmore&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200676–78-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200676–78_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiplingKipling2006">Kipling & Kipling 2006</a>, pp. 76–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-BSG-61"><a href="#cite_ref-BSG_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/about-us/our-history/timeline/1979-bronze-silver-and-gold">"1979: Bronze, Silver and Gold"</a>. 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Penlee Lifeboat Station. RNLI. p. 133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penlee+Lifeboat+Station&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=RNLI&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Campey&rft.aufirst=Rachael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200989-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200989_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalsbury2010" class="citation book cs1">Salsbury, Alan (2010). A History of the Exmouth Lifeboats. Halsgrove. pp. 89–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85704-073-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85704-073-2"><bdi>978-0-85704-073-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Exmouth+Lifeboats&rft.pages=89-90&rft.pub=Halsgrove&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-85704-073-2&rft.aulast=Salsbury&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWake-Walker2007" class="citation book cs1">Wake-Walker, Edward (2007). The Lifeboats Story. The History Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0750948586" title="Special:BookSources/978-0750948586"><bdi>978-0750948586</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lifeboats+Story&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0750948586&rft.aulast=Wake-Walker&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200616–17,_115-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling200616–17,_115_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiplingKipling2006">Kipling & Kipling 2006</a>, pp. 16–17, 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006136–139-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006136–139_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiplingKipling2006">Kipling & Kipling 2006</a>, pp. 136–139. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkidmore1979154–156-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkidmore1979154–156_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkidmore1979">Skidmore 1979</a>, pp. 154–156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006108–109-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006108–109_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiplingKipling2006108–109_123-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiplingKipling2006">Kipling & Kipling 2006</a>, pp. 108–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81nLozNpvbY">"Lifeboat TV Series. Salcombe Lifeboat. ITV 1993 Episode 1"</a>. YouTube. 11 October 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Lifeboat+TV+Series.+Salcombe+Lifeboat.+ITV+1993+Episode+1&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D81nLozNpvbY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifeboatmagazinearchive.rnli.org/volume/61/617-lifeboat-magazine-autumn-2016/saving-lives-at-sea-is-a-big-hit">"Saving Lives at Sea is a big hit"</a>. The Lifeboat. Vol. 61, no. 617. 2016. p. 5. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lifeboat&rft.atitle=Saving+Lives+at+Sea+is+a+big+hit&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=617&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifeboatmagazinearchive.rnli.org%2Fvolume%2F61%2F617-lifeboat-magazine-autumn-2016%2Fsaving-lives-at-sea-is-a-big-hit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spiralearth.co.uk/seth-lakeman-the-fishermans-friends-collaborate-to-celebrate-200-years-of-the-rnli/">"Spiral Earth"</a>. August 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spiral+Earth&rft.date=2024-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspiralearth.co.uk%2Fseth-lakeman-the-fishermans-friends-collaborate-to-celebrate-200-years-of-the-rnli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron200953–54-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron200953–54_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCameron2009">Cameron 2009</a>, pp. 53–54. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0024-3086">"The life-boat"</a>. Word Cat. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Word+Cat&rft.atitle=The+life-boat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dn2%3A0024-3086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theisleofthanetnews.com/2020/04/29/how-a-ramsgate-rescue-prompted-the-design-of-the-rnli-flag/">"How a Ramsgate rescue prompted the design of the RNLI flag"</a>. The Isle of Thanet News. 29 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Isle+of+Thanet+News&rft.atitle=How+a+Ramsgate+rescue+prompted+the+design+of+the+RNLI+flag&rft.date=2020-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheisleofthanetnews.com%2F2020%2F04%2F29%2Fhow-a-ramsgate-rescue-prompted-the-design-of-the-rnli-flag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/about-us/our-history/timeline/1884-design-of-the-rnli-flag">"1884: Design of the RNLI flag"</a>. RNLI. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNLI&rft.atitle=1884%3A+Design+of+the+RNLI+flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frnli.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-history%2Ftimeline%2F1884-design-of-the-rnli-flag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewFlag-131"><a href="#cite_ref-NewFlag_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2024-05-14/the-duke-of-kent-returns-to-fraserburgh-marking-55-years-as-president">"The Duke of Kent returns to Fraserburgh, marking 55 years as President of RNLI"</a>. Royal UK. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Duke+of+Kent+returns+to+Fraserburgh%2C+marking+55+years+as+President+of+RNLI&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fnews-and-activity%2F2024-05-14%2Fthe-duke-of-kent-returns-to-fraserburgh-marking-55-years-as-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fotw.info/flags/gb-rnli.html">"United Kingdom: Royal National Lifeboat Institution"</a>. www.fotw.info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fotw.info&rft.atitle=United+Kingdom%3A+Royal+National+Lifeboat+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotw.info%2Fflags%2Fgb-rnli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelby1992" class="citation book cs1">Belby, Alec (1992). Heroes All! The story of the RNLI. Patrick Stephens. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-419-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-419-6"><bdi>978-1-85260-419-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes+All%21+The+story+of+the+RNLI&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-85260-419-6&rft.aulast=Belby&rft.aufirst=Alec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarringtonConstable2011" class="citation book cs1">Farrington, Karen; Constable, Nick (2011). Mayday! Mayday! The History of Sea Rescue Around Britain's Coastal Waters. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-744338-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-744338-3"><bdi>978-0-00-744338-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mayday%21+Mayday%21+The+History+of+Sea+Rescue+Around+Britain%27s+Coastal+Waters&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-00-744338-3&rft.aulast=Farrington&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Constable%2C+Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1874" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Richard (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hV0BAAAAQAAJ">History of the life-boat, and its work</a>. MacMillan & Co. Retrieved 26 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+life-boat%2C+and+its+work&rft.pub=MacMillan+%26+Co.&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhV0BAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Warner" title="Oliver Warner">Warner, Oliver</a> (1974). The Life-boat Service: A History of the Royal National Life-boat Institution, 1824-1974. Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30429-061-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30429-061-1"><bdi>978-0-30429-061-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life-boat+Service%3A+A+History+of+the+Royal+National+Life-boat+Institution%2C+1824-1974&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-30429-061-1&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+National+Lifeboat+Institution" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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title="commons:Category:Royal National Lifeboat Institution">Royal National Lifeboat Institution</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166873#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/officialrnli">Royal National Lifeboat Institution's channel</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_user_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube user (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/co/061632">Documents and clippings about Royal National Lifeboat Institution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifeboatenthusiasts.com/">Lifeboat Enthusists' Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Lifeboat_wrecks_and_rescues" title="Template:Lifeboat wrecks and rescues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lifeboat_wrecks_and_rescues" title="Template talk:Lifeboat wrecks and rescues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lifeboat_wrecks_and_rescues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lifeboat wrecks and rescues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lifeboat_wrecks_and_rescues_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">Lifeboat</a> wrecks and rescues in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifeboat wrecks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbroath_Lifeboat_Station" title="Arbroath Lifeboat Station">Arbroath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNLB_Mona_(ON_775)" title="RNLB Mona (ON 775)">Broughty Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_Caister_lifeboat_disaster" title="1901 Caister lifeboat disaster">Caister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethard_Lifeboat_Station" title="Fethard Lifeboat Station">Fethard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraserburgh_Lifeboat_Station" title="Fraserburgh Lifeboat Station">Fraserburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstown_lifeboat_disaster" title="Kingstown lifeboat disaster">Kingstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhope_Lifeboat_Station" title="Longhope Lifeboat Station">Longhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbles_lifeboat_disaster" title="Mumbles lifeboat disaster">The Mumbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padstow_Lifeboat_Station" title="Padstow Lifeboat Station">Padstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penlee_lifeboat_disaster" title="Penlee lifeboat disaster">Penlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNLB_Mary_Stanford_(ON_661)" title="RNLB Mary Stanford (ON 661)">Rye Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport_and_St_Anne%27s_lifeboats_disaster" title="Southport and St Anne's lifeboats disaster">St Anne's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ives_Lifeboat_Station" title="St Ives Lifeboat Station">St Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salcombe_Lifeboat_Station" title="Salcombe Lifeboat Station">Salcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaham" title="Seaham">Seaham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport_and_St_Anne%27s_lifeboats_disaster" title="Southport and St Anne's lifeboats disaster">Southport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_lifeboat_disaster" title="Wells lifeboat disaster">Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rescues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Fastnet_race" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Fastnet race">1979 Fastnet race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNLB_Mary_Stanford_(ON_733)" title="RNLB Mary Stanford (ON 733)">Lightship Daunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynmouth_Lifeboat_Station" title="Lynmouth Lifeboat Station">Lynmouth overland launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Operation Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Rohilla" title="SS Rohilla">SS Rohilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Suevic" title="SS Suevic">SS Suevic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Southard" title="Ellen Southard">Ellen Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_Lelia" title="PS Lelia">Lelia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rescuers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Blogg" title="Henry Blogg">Henry Blogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Darling" title="Grace Darling">Grace Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Davies" title="Henry Thomas Davies">Henry "Shrimp" Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fleming_(lifeboatman)" title="William Fleming (lifeboatman)">William Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Lifeboat_Station#William_Mogridge" title="Torbay Lifeboat Station">William Mogridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lifeboat_disasters_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="List of lifeboat disasters in Britain and Ireland">List of lifeboat disasters in Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_lifeboats" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats">RNLI lifeboats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RNLI_stations" title="List of RNLI stations">RNLI stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_lifeboats_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Independent lifeboats in Britain and Ireland">Independent lifeboats in Britain and Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Classes_of_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_lifeboats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RNLI_lifeboat_classes" title="Template:RNLI lifeboat classes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RNLI_lifeboat_classes" title="Template talk:RNLI lifeboat classes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RNLI_lifeboat_classes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RNLI lifeboat classes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Classes_of_Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_lifeboats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution_lifeboats" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats">Classes of Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Operational_fleet">Operational fleet</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">All-weather lifeboats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersey-class_lifeboat" title="Mersey-class lifeboat">Mersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severn-class_lifeboat" title="Severn-class lifeboat">Severn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon-class_lifeboat" title="Shannon-class lifeboat">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamar-class_lifeboat" title="Tamar-class lifeboat">Tamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent-class_lifeboat" title="Trent-class lifeboat">Trent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inshore lifeboats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-class_lifeboat" title="B-class lifeboat">B-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_85-class_lifeboat" title="Atlantic 85-class lifeboat">Atlantic 85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat" title="D-class lifeboat">D-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(IB1)" title="D-class lifeboat (IB1)">IB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-class_lifeboat" title="E-class lifeboat">E-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/E-class_lifeboat#Mark_II" title="E-class lifeboat">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-class_lifeboat#Mark_III" title="E-class lifeboat">Mark III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-class_lifeboat" title="H-class lifeboat">H-class (Hovercraft)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Small inflatables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arancia-class_lifeboat" title="Arancia-class lifeboat">Arancia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-class-class_lifeboat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X-class-class lifeboat (page does not exist)">X-class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XP-class_lifeboat" title="XP-class lifeboat">XP-class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-class_lifeboat" title="Y-class lifeboat">Y-class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Historic_lifeboats">Historic lifeboats</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pulling and sailing lifeboats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromer-class_lifeboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromer-class lifeboat">Cromer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greathead-class_lifeboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Greathead-class lifeboat">Greathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool-class_P%26S_lifeboat" title="Liverpool-class P&S lifeboat">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Suffolk-class_lifeboat" title="Norfolk and Suffolk-class lifeboat">Norfolk and Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer-class_lifeboat" title="Palmer-class lifeboat">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peake-class_lifeboat" title="Peake-class lifeboat">Peake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plenty-class_lifeboat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plenty-class lifeboat (page does not exist)">Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson-class_lifeboat" title="Watson-class lifeboat">Watson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">All-weather motor lifeboats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Up to 10 knots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35ft_6in_Self-righting_motor-class_lifeboat" title="35ft 6in Self-righting motor-class lifeboat">35ft 6in Self-righting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett-class_lifeboat" title="Barnett-class lifeboat">Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour-class_lifeboat" title="Harbour-class lifeboat">Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool-class_lifeboat" title="Liverpool-class lifeboat">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Suffolk-class_lifeboat" title="Norfolk and Suffolk-class lifeboat">Norfolk and Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakley-class_lifeboat" title="Oakley-class lifeboat">Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsgate-class_lifeboat" title="Ramsgate-class lifeboat">Ramsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rother-class_lifeboat" title="Rother-class lifeboat">Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solent-class_lifeboat" title="Solent-class lifeboat">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam-class_lifeboat" title="Steam-class lifeboat">Steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf-class_lifeboat" title="Surf-class lifeboat">Surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson-class_lifeboat" title="Watson-class lifeboat">Watson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Above 10 knots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun-class_lifeboat" title="Arun-class lifeboat">Arun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brede-class_lifeboat" title="Brede-class lifeboat">Brede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde-class_lifeboat" title="Clyde-class lifeboat">Clyde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_Afloat-class_lifeboat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fast Afloat-class lifeboat (page does not exist)">Fast Afloat (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames-class_lifeboat" title="Thames-class lifeboat">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne-class_lifeboat" title="Tyne-class lifeboat">Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waveney-class_lifeboat" title="Waveney-class lifeboat">Waveney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inshore lifeboats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-class_lifeboat" title="A-class lifeboat">A-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hatch-class_lifeboat" title="Hatch-class lifeboat">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLachlan-class_lifeboat" title="McLachlan-class lifeboat">McLachlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Whaler-class_lifeboat" title="Boston Whaler-class lifeboat">Boston Whaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-class_lifeboat" title="B-class lifeboat">B-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_21-class_lifeboat" title="Atlantic 21-class lifeboat">Atlantic 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_75-class_lifeboat" title="Atlantic 75-class lifeboat">Atlantic 75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-class_lifeboat" title="C-class lifeboat">C-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/C-class_lifeboat_(Zodiac_Grand_Raid_IV)" title="C-class lifeboat (Zodiac Grand Raid IV)">Zodiac IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat" title="D-class lifeboat">D-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(RFD_PB16)" title="D-class lifeboat (RFD PB16)">RFD PB16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(RFD_320)" title="D-class lifeboat (RFD 320)">RFD 320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(Avon_S650)" title="D-class lifeboat (Avon S650)">Avon S650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(Dunlop)" title="D-class lifeboat (Dunlop)">Dunlop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(EA16)" title="D-class lifeboat (EA16)">EA16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(Humber)" title="D-class lifeboat (Humber)">Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_lifeboat_(Zodiac_III)" title="D-class lifeboat (Zodiac III)">Zodiac III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-class_lifeboat" title="E-class lifeboat">E-class</a>: <a href="/wiki/E-class_lifeboat#Mark_I" title="E-class lifeboat">Mark I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental lifeboats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Nelson_lifeboat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Nelson lifeboat (page does not exist)">Keith Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina-class_lifeboat" title="Medina-class lifeboat">Medina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal National Lifeboat Institution</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166873#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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