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Spinelle — Wikipédia

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aria-controls="toc-Historique_de_la_description_et_appellations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Historique de la description et appellations</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historique_de_la_description_et_appellations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inventeur_et_étymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inventeur_et_étymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Inventeur et étymologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inventeur_et_étymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topotype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topotype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Topotype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topotype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synonymes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonymes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Synonymes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonymes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caractéristiques_physico-chimiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caractéristiques_physico-chimiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Caractéristiques physico-chimiques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caractéristiques_physico-chimiques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Caractéristiques physico-chimiques</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Caractéristiques_physico-chimiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variétés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variétés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Variétés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variétés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Couleur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Couleur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Couleur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Couleur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cristallochimie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cristallochimie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cristallochimie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cristallochimie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cristallographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cristallographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cristallographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cristallographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gîtes_et_gisements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gîtes_et_gisements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gîtes et gisements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gîtes_et_gisements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Gîtes et gisements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gîtes_et_gisements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gitologie_et_minéraux_associés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gitologie_et_minéraux_associés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Gitologie et minéraux associés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gitologie_et_minéraux_associés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gitologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gitologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Gitologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gitologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minéraux_associés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minéraux_associés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Minéraux associés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minéraux_associés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croissance_des_minéraux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croissance_des_minéraux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Croissance des minéraux</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Croissance_des_minéraux-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Croissance des minéraux</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Croissance_des_minéraux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synthèse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthèse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Synthèse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthèse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploitation_des_gisements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploitation_des_gisements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Exploitation des gisements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exploitation_des_gisements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Exploitation des gisements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exploitation_des_gisements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gisements_producteurs_de_spécimens_remarquables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gisements_producteurs_de_spécimens_remarquables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Gisements producteurs de spécimens remarquables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gisements_producteurs_de_spécimens_remarquables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spécimens_remarquables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spécimens_remarquables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Spécimens remarquables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spécimens_remarquables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Article_connexe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_connexe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Article connexe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_connexe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spinelle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 54 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinela" title="Espinela – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Espinela" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84_(%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="لعل (جوهرة) – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لعل (جوهرة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Epinel" title="Şpinel – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şpinel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпінель – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шпінель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпінэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шпінэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Шпинел – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шпинел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinel%C2%B7la" title="Espinel·la – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espinel·la" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпинель – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шпинель" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinell" title="Spinell – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spinell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σπινέλιος – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπινέλιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinela_(mineral)" title="Espinela (mineral) – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espinela (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinela" title="Espinela – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espinela" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84" title="لعل – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لعل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinelli" title="Spinelli – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%C3%A9al" title="Spinéal – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spinéal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C" title="ספינל – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספינל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezijev_aluminat" title="Magnezijev aluminat – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Magnezijev aluminat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinell" title="Spinell – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spinell" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Շպինելներ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շպինելներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windusari" title="Windusari – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Windusari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinelo" title="Spinelo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Spinelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinello_(mineralogia)" title="Spinello (mineralogia) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spinello (mineralogia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB" title="スピネル – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スピネル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпинель – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шпинель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A8%EC%A0%95%EC%84%9D" title="첨정석 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="첨정석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпинель – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шпинель" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pinelis" title="Špinelis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Špinelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinela" title="Espinela – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Espinela" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အညံ့ပန်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အညံ့ပန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinell" title="Spinell – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spinell" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinell" title="Spinell – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spinell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espin%C3%A8la" title="Espinèla – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espinèla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="لال – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinela" title="Espinela – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espinela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпинель – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шпинель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпинель – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шпинель" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezijum_aluminat" title="Magnezijum aluminat – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Magnezijum aluminat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92" title="කිරිංචි – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කිරිංචි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Магнезијум алуминат – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Магнезијум алуминат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinell" title="Spinell – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spinell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5" title="สปิเนล – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สปิเนล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шпінель – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шпінель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%CA%BCl" title="Laʼl – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Laʼl" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Spinel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E6%99%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="尖晶石 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尖晶石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191310#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spinelle" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Spinelle" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spinelle"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spinelle"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Spinelle" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Spinelle" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;oldid=220336576" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=Spinelle&amp;id=220336576&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpinelle"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpinelle"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Spinelle"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Spinelle&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spinel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191310" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Spinelle_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spinelle (homonymie)">Spinelle (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#ffc4ab;color:black;">Spinelle<br /><small>Catégorie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr>&#160;: oxydes et hydroxydes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Spinel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Spinelle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Spinel.jpg/280px-Spinel.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Spinel.jpg/420px-Spinel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Spinel.jpg/560px-Spinel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br />Cristaux de spinelle dans leur gangue de calcite blanche. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Général</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classification_de_Strunz" title="Classification de Strunz">Classe de Strunz</a> </th> <td><div class="NavFrame" title="&#91;+&#93;/&#91;–&#93;" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background-color:transparent; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000); font-weight:normal;"><big>4.BB.5</big></div> <div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"> <p><b>4</b> OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)<br /> &#160;<b>4.B</b> Metal:Oxygen = 3:4 and similar<br /> &#160;&#160;<b>4.BB</b> With only medium-sized cations<br /> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classification_de_Dana" title="Classification de Dana">Classe de Dana</a> </th> <td><div class="NavFrame" title="&#91;+&#93;/&#91;–&#93;" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background-color:transparent; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000); font-weight:normal;"><big>7.2.1.1</big></div> <div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"> <p>Oxydes<br /> 7. Oxydes multiples<br /> 7.2.1/ Groupe des spinelles, sous-groupe aluminium<br /> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr><tr><th>Formule chimique</th> <td><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a><sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium">Mg</a><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a><sub>4</sub> </span>MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Identification</th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_mol%C3%A9culaire" title="Masse moléculaire">Masse formulaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>142,2657&#160;±&#160;0,0018&#160;<a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_masse_atomique_unifi%C3%A9e" title="Unité de masse atomique unifiée">uma</a><br /><small>Al&#160;37,93&#160;%, &#32;Mg&#160;17,08&#160;%, &#32;O&#160;44,98&#160;%, &#32;</small><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Couleur </th> <td>rouge, bleu, vert, brun, noir, incolore, jaune, rose, orange, violet </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin" title="Système cristallin">Système cristallin</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin_cubique" title="Système cristallin cubique">cubique</a> (isométrique) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_Bravais#Espace_tridimensionnel" title="Réseau de Bravais">Réseau de Bravais</a> </th> <td>faces centrées F </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classe_cristalline" title="Classe cristalline">Classe cristalline</a> et <a href="/wiki/Groupe_d%27espace" title="Groupe d&#39;espace">groupe d'espace</a> </th> <td>hexakisoctaédrique,<br /><i>Fd</i><span style="text-decoration: overline;">3</span><i>m</i> (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;227)<div class="NavFrame" title="&#91;+&#93;/&#91;-&#93;" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;">cubique <br /> <p>Hermann-Mauguin&#160;: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F\ 4_{1}/d\ {\bar {3}}\ 2/m\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mtext>&#xA0;</mtext> <msub> <mn>4</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mtext>&#xA0;</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>&#xA0;</mtext> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F\ 4_{1}/d\ {\bar {3}}\ 2/m\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34abbe20dd4f6782d89ee6787440648b78677315" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.993ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F\ 4_{1}/d\ {\bar {3}}\ 2/m\,}"></span> <br /> Hermann-Mauguin court&#160;: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Fd{\bar {3}}m\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Fd{\bar {3}}m\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01c83e89ecf157a4188d0fb921441b0b46f78af7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Fd{\bar {3}}m\,}"></span> <br /> </p> Schoenflies&#160;: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O_{h}^{7}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O_{h}^{7}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/52731a992040db6b9cc91e74417e7bf23dcc47e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.339ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O_{h}^{7}\,}"></span></div></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Macle_(cristallographie)" title="Macle (cristallographie)">Macle</a> </th> <td>fréquentes sur {111}&#160;: «&#160;macle du spinelle&#160;» de deux individus maclés par accolement </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Clivage" title="Clivage">Clivage</a> </th> <td>peu net sur {111} </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cassure" title="Cassure">Cassure</a> </th> <td>conchoïdale, irrégulière </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Habitus_(min%C3%A9ralogie)" title="Habitus (minéralogie)">Habitus</a> </th> <td>massifs, grenus, grossiers, compacts, en grains, arrondis </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Mohs" title="Échelle de Mohs">Échelle de Mohs</a> </th> <td>de 7,5 à 8 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trait_(min%C3%A9ralogie)" title="Trait (minéralogie)">Trait</a> </th> <td>blanc, grisâtre, blanc gris </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clat" title="Éclat">Éclat</a> </th> <td>vitreux, mat </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Propriétés optiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A9ochro%C3%AFsme" title="Pléochroïsme">Pléochroïsme</a> </th> <td>aucun </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence ultraviolet</a> </th> <td>luminescent, fluorescent (rouge) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Transparence_(physique)" title="Transparence (physique)">Transparence</a> </th> <td>translucide, transparent à opaque </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Propriétés chimiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9" title="Densité">Densité</a> </th> <td>3,58 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Température de fusion">Température de fusion</a> </th> <td>2135 <a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Propriétés physiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tisme" title="Magnétisme">Magnétisme</a> </th> <td>aucun </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9" title="Radioactivité">Radioactivité</a> </th> <td>aucune </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Précautions</th></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#eeeeee; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Signalisation_des_substances_dangereuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Signalisation des substances dangereuses">Directive 67/548/EEC</a></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div class="NavFrame" title="&#91;+&#93;/&#91;–&#93;" style="clear:left; border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"><b>Phrases R</b>&#160;: <br /><b>R36/37/38</b>&#160;: Irritant pour les yeux, les voies respiratoires et la peau.<br /><br /><b>Phrases S</b>&#160;: <br /><b>S26</b>&#160;: En cas de contact avec les yeux, laver immédiatement et abondamment avec de l’eau et consulter un spécialiste.<br /></div></div><br /><div style="clear:left;"><a href="/wiki/Phrases_de_risque" title="Phrases de risque">Phrases R</a>&#160;:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Phrases_de_risque#R36.2F37.2F38" title="Phrases de risque"><span title="Irritant pour les yeux, les voies respiratoires et la peau.">36/37/38, </span></a></div><br /><div style="clear:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conseils_de_prudence" title="Conseils de prudence">Phrases S</a>&#160;:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Conseils_de_prudence#S26" title="Conseils de prudence"><span title="En cas de contact avec les yeux, laver immédiatement et abondamment avec de l’eau et consulter un spécialiste.">26, </span></a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#ffc4ab;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Unités du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d&#39;unités">SI</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</a>, sauf indication contraire.</td> </tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #ffc4ab solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Min%C3%A9ral" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>spinelle</b> est une espèce <a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9ral" title="Minéral">minérale</a> de la famille des oxydes de formule MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> (oxyde de <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium">magnésium</a> et d'<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>). C'est une <a href="/wiki/Pierre_fine" title="Pierre fine">pierre fine</a> utilisée en <a href="/wiki/Joaillerie" title="Joaillerie">joaillerie</a>. Celui de couleur rouge a longtemps été confondu avec le <a href="/wiki/Rubis" title="Rubis">rubis</a>, ce qui lui vaut une grande quantité de synonymes. Ses principaux pays producteurs sont le <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Birmanie" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique_de_la_description_et_appellations">Historique de la description et appellations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique de la description et appellations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique de la description et appellations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inventeur_et_étymologie"><span id="Inventeur_et_.C3.A9tymologie"></span>Inventeur et étymologie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Inventeur et étymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Inventeur et étymologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La première description a été réalisée en 1546 par Georg Bauer, dit <a href="/wiki/Georgius_Agricola" title="Georgius Agricola">Georgius Agricola</a>. Le nom dérive du latin <i>spina</i>, «&#160;épine&#160;», en allusion à ses cristaux pointus à arêtes très nettes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topotype">Topotype</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Topotype" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Topotype"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il n'existe pas de topotype reconnu pour cette espèce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synonymes">Synonymes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Synonymes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Synonymes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Akerite<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Candite (<a href="/wiki/Jacques_Louis_de_Bournon" title="Jacques Louis de Bournon">de Bournon</a> 1823)&#160;: spinelle en masse noire. Gemme trouvée dans le district de Candi (Ceylan) à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle par monsieur Leschenaust<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Rubace ou rubacelle&#160;: terme désuet pour «&#160;petit rubis<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;».</li> <li><span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Rubicelle" class="mw-disambig" title="Rubicelle">Rubicelle</a></span>&#160;: terme désuet qui peut, également, désigner une topaze rose-orangé<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Rubis balais&#160;: terme désuet provenant d'une déformation du nom de <a href="/wiki/Badakhchan_(Afghanistan)" title="Badakhchan (Afghanistan)">Badakhchan</a>, province du nord-est de l'<a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> d'où proviennent ces faux rubis, mot altéré en <i>Balakhsh</i> puis <i>Balas</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Spinelite.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caractéristiques_physico-chimiques"><span id="Caract.C3.A9ristiques_physico-chimiques"></span>Caractéristiques physico-chimiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Caractéristiques physico-chimiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Caractéristiques physico-chimiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variétés"><span id="Vari.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></span>Variétés</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Variétés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Variétés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alkali-spinel (Eckermann, H. von 1922)&#160;: variété de spinelle contenant Na<sub>2</sub>O 1,38&#160;% et K<sub>2</sub>O 1,31&#160;%. Trouvée à Mansjöberg, Los, Ljusdal, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4lsingland" title="Hälsingland">Hälsingland</a>, Suède<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Ceylanite (<a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Delam%C3%A9therie" title="Jean-Claude Delamétherie">Delamétherie</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;: le nom évoque l’île de Ceylan. Variété ferrifère de spinelle pour un ratio Mg:Fe de 3:1 a 1:1.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Variantes orthographiques&#160;: Zeilanite, Zeylanite.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Chlorospinelle (M.G. Rose 1840)&#160;: variété ferrifère de spinelle avec Fe<sup>3+</sup> en remplacement de l’aluminium<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Chromospinelle&#160;: variété riche en chrome de formule Mg(Al,Cr<sup>3+</sup>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Corundolite" class="mw-disambig" title="Corundolite">Corundolite</a></span>&#160;: variété artificielle riche en <a href="/wiki/Alumine" title="Alumine">alumine</a> de formule MgO·2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce mot peut également désigner une roche<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Ferropicotite (<a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lacroix" title="Alfred Lacroix">Lacroix</a> 1910)&#160;: variété ferrifère de spinelle dédiée au minéralogiste <a href="/wiki/Philippe-Isidore_Picot_de_Lapeyrouse" title="Philippe-Isidore Picot de Lapeyrouse">Picot de Lapeyrouse</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Gahnospinelle (Anderson &amp; Payne 1937)&#160;: variété riche en zinc de formule (Mg,Zn)Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, décrite initialement a Gem gravels, <a href="/wiki/Ratnapura" title="Ratnapura">Ratnapura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_de_Sabaragamuwa" title="Province de Sabaragamuwa">Province de Sabaragamuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, qui a inspiré le nom<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Magnochromite (Websky 1873)&#160;: variété chromifère de spinelle<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Pléonaste (<a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Just_Ha%C3%BCy" title="René Just Haüy">Haüy</a> 1801)&#160;: c'est-à-dire «&#160;qui surabonde<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;». Terme intermédiaire de la série hercynite-spinelle.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Couleur">Couleur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Couleur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Couleur"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La couleur des cristaux de spinelle est due à la présence d'au moins deux <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">éléments de transition</a> parmi <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a><sup>3+</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome">Cr</a><sup>3+</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer">Fe</a><sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">Mn</a><sup>2+</sup> et Mn<sup>3+</sup>, répartis de façon variée entre les sites tétraédriques et octaédriques de la structure spinelle<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li>Les cristaux orange, rouges et magenta sont pauvres en fer et doivent leur couleur, principalement, à V<sup>3+</sup> et Cr<sup>3+</sup> dans les sites M (avec une prédominance de V<sup>3+</sup> pour l'orange et de Cr<sup>3+</sup> pour le rouge).</li> <li>Les cristaux roses, bleus et verts sont riches en fer, et leur couleur varie dans l'ordre rose-bleu-vert sous l'effet de l'augmentation de la concentration en fer total (principalement) et en Fe<sup>3+</sup> (secondairement).</li> <li>Les cristaux jaunes, rares dans la nature, contiennent du manganèse et pas ou très peu de Fe<sup>2+</sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cristallochimie">Cristallochimie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Cristallochimie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Cristallochimie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Le spinelle forme trois séries, avec la <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9siochromite" title="Magnésiochromite">magnésiochromite</a>, avec la <a href="/wiki/Gahnite" title="Gahnite">gahnite</a>, avec l'<a href="/wiki/Hercynite" title="Hercynite">hercynite</a>.</li> <li>Le spinelle sert de chef de file à un groupe de minéraux isotructuraux qui porte son nom.</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_spinelle" title="Groupe du spinelle">Groupe du spinelle</a>&#160;:</b> </p><p>Les spinelles désignent aussi un groupe de minéraux de formule générale (X<sup>2+</sup>)(Y<sup>3+</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(<a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a><sup>2−</sup>)<sub>4</sub>, où X<sup>2+</sup> est un <a href="/wiki/Cation" title="Cation">cation</a> <a href="/wiki/Valence_(chimie)" title="Valence (chimie)">divalent</a> et Y<sup>3+</sup> un cation trivalent. Parmi les membres de ce groupe, on peut noter la <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tite" title="Magnétite">magnétite</a>. </p><p>La structure des spinelles consiste en un <a href="/wiki/Empilement_compact" title="Empilement compact">empilement compact</a> <a href="/wiki/Cubique_%C3%A0_faces_centr%C3%A9es" title="Cubique à faces centrées">cubique à faces centrées</a> d'oxygène. Les cations divalents occupent les sites à <a href="/wiki/Coordinence" title="Coordinence">coordination</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9tra%C3%A8dre" title="Tétraèdre">tétraédrique</a> et les cations trivalents les sites à coordination <a href="/wiki/Octa%C3%A8dre" title="Octaèdre">octaédrique</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cristallographie">Cristallographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Cristallographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Cristallographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Spinel_structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Spinel_structure.png/290px-Spinel_structure.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Spinel_structure.png/435px-Spinel_structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Spinel_structure.png/580px-Spinel_structure.png 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Structure cristalline du spinelle MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>, vue le long de la direction [110]. Les <a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">atomes</a> de magnésium sont représentés en jaune, ceux d'aluminium en gris et ceux d'oxygène en rouge.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le spinelle cristallise dans le <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin_cubique" title="Système cristallin cubique">système cristallin cubique</a>, de groupe d'espace <i>Fd</i><span style="text-decoration: overline;">3</span><i>m</i>, avec Z=8 unités formulaires par <a href="/wiki/Maille_(cristallographie)" title="Maille (cristallographie)">maille conventionnelle</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Param%C3%A8tre_cristallin" title="Paramètre cristallin">Paramètre de maille</a>&#160;: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></span> = 8,08&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="ångström">Å</abbr>, Z = 8&#160;; V = 527,51&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="ångström cube">Å<sup>3</sup></abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a> calculée&#160;: <span title="3&#160;580 kg/m³" style="cursor:help">3,58</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par centimètre cube">g/cm<sup>3</sup></abbr></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gîtes_et_gisements"><span id="G.C3.AEtes_et_gisements"></span>Gîtes et gisements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Gîtes et gisements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gîtes et gisements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Spinelle_gisements.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Spinelle_gisements.jpg/220px-Spinelle_gisements.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Spinelle_gisements.jpg/330px-Spinelle_gisements.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Spinelle_gisements.jpg/440px-Spinelle_gisements.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Carte des principaux pays producteurs de spinelles dans le monde</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gitologie_et_minéraux_associés"><span id="Gitologie_et_min.C3.A9raux_associ.C3.A9s"></span>Gitologie et minéraux associés</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Gitologie et minéraux associés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gitologie et minéraux associés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article connexe&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Gitologie" title="Gitologie">Gitologie</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gitologie">Gitologie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier la section : Gitologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gitologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le spinelle se rencontre essentiellement dans les <a href="/wiki/Roche_m%C3%A9tamorphique" title="Roche métamorphique">calcaires métamorphiques</a>. On le trouve dans les <a href="/wiki/Roche_lunaire" title="Roche lunaire">roches lunaires</a> et dans des météorites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minéraux_associés"><span id="Min.C3.A9raux_associ.C3.A9s"></span>Minéraux associés</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier la section : Minéraux associés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Minéraux associés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Forst%C3%A9rite" title="Forstérite">Forstérite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chondrodite" title="Chondrodite">chondrodite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scapolite" title="Scapolite">scapolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phlogopite" title="Phlogopite">phlogopite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corindon" title="Corindon">corindon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">sillimanite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andalusite" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusite">andalousite</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Croissance_des_minéraux"><span id="Croissance_des_min.C3.A9raux"></span>Croissance des minéraux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier la section : Croissance des minéraux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Croissance des minéraux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthèse"><span id="Synth.C3.A8se"></span>Synthèse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier la section : Synthèse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Synthèse"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le spinelle synthétique peut être incolore ou coloré, il porte alors différents noms. Certains sont interdits par le C.I.B.J.O (World jewellery confederation)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, d'autres font l'objet d'une protection pour terme déposé. </p> <ul><li>Rozircon&#160;: marque déposée pour un spinelle synthétique rose.</li> <li>Saphir blanc&#160;: terme interdit.</li> <li>Strongite&#160;: marque déposée pour un spinelle synthétique.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploitation_des_gisements">Exploitation des gisements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier la section : Exploitation des gisements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Exploitation des gisements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Utilisations</dt> <dd>Le spinelle fait de qualité gemme est une pierre fine très utilisée.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gisements_producteurs_de_spécimens_remarquables"><span id="Gisements_producteurs_de_sp.C3.A9cimens_remarquables"></span>Gisements producteurs de spécimens remarquables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier la section : Gisements producteurs de spécimens remarquables" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gisements producteurs de spécimens remarquables"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Afghanistan&#160;:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Jegdalek, district de Surobi, <a href="/wiki/Kaboul_(province)" title="Kaboul (province)">province de Kaboul</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Birmanie&#160;:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Kyauk Tha, Kyauk-Pyat-Thet, <a href="/wiki/Mogok" title="Mogok">Mogok</a>, district de Sagaing, division de <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>France&#160;:</li></ul> <dl><dd>affleurements de péridotite, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tang_de_Lers" title="Étang de Lers">étang de Lers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Col_d%27Agnes" title="Col d&#39;Agnes">col d'Agnès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massat" title="Massat">Massat</a>, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Vietnam&#160;:</li></ul> <dl><dd>mine de Luc Yen, province de Yen bai<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spécimens_remarquables"><span id="Sp.C3.A9cimens_remarquables"></span>Spécimens remarquables</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifier la section : Spécimens remarquables" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Spécimens remarquables"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Foix_(morte_en_1486)" title="Marguerite de Foix (morte en 1486)">Marguerite de Foix (morte en 1486)</a>, princesse de <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Navarre" title="Royaume de Navarre">Navarre</a> et duchesse de <a href="/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Bretagne" title="Duché de Bretagne">Bretagne</a> par son mariage, possédait le spinelle <i>Côte-de-Bretagne</i> qui, légué à sa fille <a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Bretagne" title="Anne de Bretagne">Anne de Bretagne</a>, entra dans le trésor royal de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_(roi_de_France)" title="François Ier (roi de France)">François <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>. Retaillé en forme de dragon pour constituer l'<a href="/wiki/Ordre_de_la_Toison_d%27or" title="Ordre de la Toison d&#39;or">insigne de la Toison d'or</a> de <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>, il fait partie des <a href="/wiki/Joyaux_de_la_Couronne_de_France" title="Joyaux de la Couronne de France">joyaux de la Couronne</a> conservés au <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>. Deux célèbres pierres de la couronne d'Angleterre, le «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Rubis_du_Prince_Noir" title="Rubis du Prince Noir">Rubis du Prince Noir</a>&#160;» sur la couronne et le «&#160;Rubis de Tamerlan&#160;», pierre de <span title="72&#160;200 mg" style="cursor:help">361</span>&#160;carats sur un des colliers de la couronne d’Angleterre, se sont avérées être des spinelles rouges<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">La <a href="/wiki/Classification_des_min%C3%A9raux" title="Classification des minéraux">classification des minéraux</a> choisie est <a href="/wiki/Classification_de_Strunz" title="Classification de Strunz">celle de Strunz</a>, à l'exception des polymorphes de la silice, qui sont classés parmi les silicates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Masse molaire calculée d’après <span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/AtWt07.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Atomic weights of the elements 2007</span></cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">www.chem.qmul.ac.uk</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">The American journal of science: Volume 170 1905</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bulletin des sciences mathématiques: astronomiques, physiques et chimiques 1826 <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;488 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Claude-Marie Gattel - Dictionnaire universel de la langue française avec la prononciation figurée 1819 <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;587</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Henri Landrin - Dictionnaire de minéralogie, de géologie, et de métallurgie 1852 <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;377 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hughes"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_W._Hughes"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard W. Hughes, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/afghanistan-ruby-spinel.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Rubies and Spinels of Afghanistan – A brief history</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">ruby-sapphire.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-04-27" data-sort-value="2008-04-27">27 avril 2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-07-25" data-sort-value="2011-07-25">25 juillet 2011</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Eckermann, H. von (1922): The alkali-spinel of the Mansjö Mt. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 44: 757-760</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Laméthérie, journ. de phys., 1793, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Rose (1840), Ann. Pys.: 50: 652.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bulletin signalétique: Chimie I: chimie générale, chimie physique, chimie minérale, chimie analytique, chimie organique, Volume 24,Numéro 1 1963 <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;463</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Chilton's jewelers' circular/keystone 1970 jewelers' directory issue <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Doklady: Earth science sections, Volumes 244 à 246 1979 <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Alfred Lacroix Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Anderson and Payne (1937), Mineralogical Magazine: 24: 547.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Websky (1873), Zeitschrift deutsche geol. Ges.: 25: 394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">René Just Haüy - Traité de minéralogie, Volume 3 1801 <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;17 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AndreozziD’IppolitoSkogbyHålenius2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Giovanni_B._AndreozziVeronica_D’IppolitoHenrik_SkogbyUlf_Hålenius2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Giovanni B. Andreozzi, Veronica D’Ippolito, Henrik Skogby, Ulf Hålenius et Ferdinando Bosi, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Color mechanisms in spinel: a multi-analytical investigation of natural crystals with a wide range of coloration</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Physics_and_Chemistry_of_Minerals" title="Physics and Chemistry of Minerals">Physics and Chemistry of Minerals</a></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;46, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;4,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-04" data-sort-value="2019-04">avril 2019</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">343-360</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-018-1007-5">10.1007/s00269-018-1007-5</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Color+mechanisms+in+spinel%3A+a+multi-analytical+investigation+of+natural+crystals+with+a+wide+range+of+coloration&amp;rft.jtitle=Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Minerals&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.aulast=Andreozzi&amp;rft.aufirst=Giovanni+B.&amp;rft.au=Veronica+D%E2%80%99Ippolito&amp;rft.au=Henrik+Skogby&amp;rft.au=Ulf+H%C3%A5lenius&amp;rft.au=Ferdinando+Bosi&amp;rft.date=2019-04&amp;rft.volume=46&amp;rft.pages=343-360&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00269-018-1007-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASpinelle"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sawada,_H.1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Sawada, H.</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">An electron density residual study of magnesium aluminium oxide spinel</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materials_Research_Bulletin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Materials Research Bulletin (page inexistante)">Materials Research Bulletin</a></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;30, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;3,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="1995-03" data-sort-value="1995-03">mars 1995</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">341-345</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408%2895%2900010-0">10.1016/0025-5408(95)00010-0</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=An+electron+density+residual+study+of+magnesium+aluminium+oxide+spinel&amp;rft.jtitle=Materials+Research+Bulletin&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aulast=Sawada%2C+H.&amp;rft.date=1995-03&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.pages=341-345&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0025-5408%2895%2900010-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASpinelle"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cibjo.org/">Site du CIBJO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Sieghard Ellenberger specimens</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">J.L. Bodinier et al., Bull. Minéral., 1987, 110, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">345-358</span> / A.B. Woodland, Chemical Geology, 10 December 1996, vol. 134, no. 1, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">83-112</span>(30) / J.P. Lorand, 1989, <a href="/wiki/Lithos_(journal)" title="Lithos (journal)">Lithos</a>, 23, 281-299</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Marble-hosted ruby deposits from Central and Southeast Asia: Towards a new genetic model. Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juwelo.fr/guide-des-pierres/spinelle/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Spinelle / Pierres fines et précieuses de A à Z avec Juwelo</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Juwelo</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-08-19" data-sort-value="2020-08-19">19 août 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Spinel?uselang=fr">Spinelle</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/spinelle" class="extiw" title="wikt:spinelle">spinelle</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_connexe">Article connexe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifier la section : Article connexe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Article connexe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_spinelle" title="Groupe du spinelle">Groupe du spinelle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinelle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documentaires.france5.fr/documentaires/la-poursuite-des-pierres-precieuses/les-spinelles-du-tadjikistan">A la poursuite des pierres précieuses - Les spinelles du Tadjikistan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint uncollapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Liste_des_min%C3%A9raux" title="Modèle:Palette Liste des minéraux"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Liste_des_min%C3%A9raux&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux" title="Liste de minéraux">Liste de minéraux</a>, par ordre alphabétique</div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_A)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre A)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_B)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre B)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_C)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre C)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_D)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre D)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_E)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre E)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_F)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre F)">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_G)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre G)">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_H)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre H)">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_I)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre I)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_J)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre J)">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_K)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre K)">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_L)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre L)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_M)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre M)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_N)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre N)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_O)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre O)">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_P)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre P)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_Q)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre Q)">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_R)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre R)">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_S)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre S)">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_T)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre T)">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_U)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre U)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_V)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre V)">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_W)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre W)">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_X)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre X)">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_Y)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre Y)">Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_min%C3%A9raux_(lettre_Z)" title="Liste de minéraux (lettre Z)">Z</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie" title="Modèle:Palette Pierres et métaux de joaillerie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Pierres et métaux de <a href="/wiki/Joaillerie" title="Joaillerie">joaillerie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pr%C3%A9cieux" title="Métal précieux">Métaux précieux</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Platine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage">Alliages</a> de métaux précieux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Or#Alliages" title="Or">Alliages aurifères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_blanc" title="Or blanc">Or blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_Britannia" title="Argent Britannia">Argent Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_sterling" title="Argent sterling">Argent sterling </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billon_(alliage)" title="Billon (alliage)">Billon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrum" title="Électrum">Électrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeil" title="Vermeil">Vermeil</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;">Métaux et alliages</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acier_inoxydable" title="Acier inoxydable">Acier inoxydable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airain" title="Airain">Airain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliage_plomb-%C3%A9tain" title="Alliage plomb-étain">Alliage plomb-étain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiton" title="Laiton">Laiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillechort" title="Maillechort">Maillechort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alliage)" title="Pinchbeck (alliage)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)">Tantale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Titane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">Tungstène</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_pr%C3%A9cieuse" title="Pierre précieuse">Pierres précieuses</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubis" title="Rubis">Rubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89meraude" title="Émeraude">Émeraude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saphir" title="Saphir">Saphir</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Pierres fines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinote_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Actinote (minéral)">Actinote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigue-marine" title="Aigue-marine">Aigue-marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrite" title="Alexandrite">Alexandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblygonite" title="Amblygonite">Amblygonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9thyste" title="Améthyste">Améthyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatase" title="Anatase">Anatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Andradite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9site" title="Anglésite">Anglésite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">Apatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinite" title="Axinite">Axinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barytine" title="Barytine">Barytine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nito%C3%AFte" title="Bénitoïte">Bénitoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilianite" title="Brazilianite">Brazilianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancrinite" title="Cancrinite">Cancrinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charo%C3%AFte" title="Charoïte">Charoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolle" title="Chrysocolle">Chrysocolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine" title="Citrine">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinozo%C3%AFsite" title="Clinozoïsite">Clinozoïsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordi%C3%A9rite" title="Cordiérite">Cordiérite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaline" title="Cornaline">Cornaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral)">Cristal de roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danburite" title="Danburite">Danburite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Démantoïde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disth%C3%A8ne" title="Disthène">Disthène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elba%C3%AFte" title="Elbaïte">Elbaïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pidote" title="Épidote">Épidote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosh%C3%A9nite" title="Goshénite">Goshénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenat" title="Grenat">Grenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%BCyne" title="Haüyne">Haüyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liodore_(b%C3%A9ryl)" title="Héliodore (béryl)">Héliodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9matite" title="Hématite">Hématite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Hiddénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe">Jaspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Kunzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis-lazuli" title="Lapis-lazuli">Lapis-lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Mélanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcline" title="Microcline">Microcline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morganite" title="Morganite">Morganite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92il-de-tigre" title="Œil-de-tigre">Œil-de-tigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoclase" title="Oligoclase">Oligoclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Onyx (minéral)">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opale" title="Opale">Opale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painite" title="Painite">Painite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riclase" title="Périclase">Périclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ridot" title="Péridot">Péridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_lune" title="Pierre de lune">Pierre de lune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liolite" title="Héliolite">Pierre de soleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehnite" title="Prehnite">Prehnite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_rose" title="Quartz rose">Quartz rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_fum%C3%A9" title="Quartz fumé">Quartz fumé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">Rutile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">Scheelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Serpentine (minéral)">Serpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">Spessartine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spinelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Spodumène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurolite" title="Staurolite">Staurolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9molite" title="Trémolite">Trémolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaze_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Topaze (minéral)">Topaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Turquoise (minéral)">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvarovite" title="Uvarovite">Uvarovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Gemmes</a> organiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre">Ambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corail_rouge" title="Corail rouge">Corail rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jais" title="Jais">Jais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellite_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Mellite (minéral)">Mellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perle" title="Perle">Perle</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Min%C3%A9raux_et_roches" title="Portail des minéraux et roches"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/17px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/25px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/34px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="422" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Min%C3%A9raux_et_roches" title="Portail:Minéraux et roches">Portail des minéraux et roches</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail de la chimie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/36px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, 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