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Densité — Wikipédia

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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expression_de_la_densité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Expression de la densité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expression_de_la_densité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_des_gaz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_des_gaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Densité des gaz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_des_gaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_des_solides_et_des_liquides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_des_solides_et_des_liquides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Densité des solides et des liquides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_des_solides_et_des_liquides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesures_de_la_densité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesures_de_la_densité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mesures de la densité</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mesures_de_la_densité-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Mesures de la densité</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mesures_de_la_densité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Densité_relative_d&#039;un_solide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_relative_d&#039;un_solide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Densité relative d'un solide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_relative_d&#039;un_solide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corps_solide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corps_solide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Corps solide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corps_solide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masse_du_corps_solide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masse_du_corps_solide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Masse du corps solide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masse_du_corps_solide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_relative_du_corps_solide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_relative_du_corps_solide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Densité relative du corps solide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_relative_du_corps_solide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_des_liquides_ou_des_solides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_des_liquides_ou_des_solides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Densité des liquides ou des solides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_des_liquides_ou_des_solides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_et_flottabilité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_et_flottabilité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Densité et flottabilité</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Densité_et_flottabilité-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Densité et flottabilité</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Densité_et_flottabilité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cas_particulier_de_l&#039;eau_liquide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cas_particulier_de_l&#039;eau_liquide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cas particulier de l'eau liquide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cas_particulier_de_l&#039;eau_liquide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_et_flottabilité_du_bois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_et_flottabilité_du_bois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Densité et flottabilité du bois</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_et_flottabilité_du_bois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_des_principaux_métaux_utilisés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_des_principaux_métaux_utilisés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Densité des principaux métaux utilisés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_des_principaux_métaux_utilisés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_et_flottation_des_minerais_métalliques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_et_flottation_des_minerais_métalliques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Densité et flottation des minerais métalliques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_et_flottation_des_minerais_métalliques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Densité_des_liquides_biologiques_en_médecine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Densité_des_liquides_biologiques_en_médecine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Densité des liquides biologiques en médecine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Densité_des_liquides_biologiques_en_médecine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Densité</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 30 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كثافة نسبية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كثافة نسبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="আপেক্ষিক গুরুত্ব – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আপেক্ষিক গুরুত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativna_gusto%C4%87a" title="Relativna gustoća – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Relativna gustoća" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitat_relativa" title="Densitat relativa – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Densitat relativa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativn%C3%AD_hustota" title="Relativní hustota – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Relativní hustota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_Dichte" title="Relative Dichte – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Relative Dichte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ειδικό βάρος – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ειδικό βάρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_density" title="Relative density – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Relative density" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidad_relativa" title="Densidad relativa – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Densidad relativa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhteline_tihedus" title="Suhteline tihedus – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suhteline tihedus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentsitate_erlatibo" title="Dentsitate erlatibo – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dentsitate erlatibo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="چگالی نسبی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چگالی نسبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%BAs_coibhneasta" title="Dlús coibhneasta – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlús coibhneasta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="आपेक्षिक घनत्व – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आपेक्षिक घनत्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativna_gusto%C4%87a" title="Relativna gustoća – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Relativna gustoća" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis_relatif" title="Massa jenis relatif – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Massa jenis relatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8D" title="比重 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="比重" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%A4%91" title="비중 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비중" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesifikk_gravitet" title="Spesifikk gravitet – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spesifikk gravitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitat" title="Densitat – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Densitat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%99sto%C5%9B%C4%87_wzgl%C4%99dna" title="Gęstość względna – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gęstość względna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Densità" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidade_relativa" title="Densidade relativa – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Densidade relativa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitate_relativ%C4%83" title="Densitate relativă – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Densitate relativă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Относительная плотность – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Относительная плотность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_density" title="Relative density – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Relative density" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Densité (homonymie)">Densité (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div>Densité</div> </div> <table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9s_de_base_du_Syst%C3%A8me_international" title="Unités de base du Système international">Unités SI</a></th> <td> 1</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dimension_(physique)" title="Dimension (physique)">Dimension</a></th> <td> adimensionnelle <span class="nowrap"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Base SI</th> <td> <span class="nowrap"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nature</th> <td> Grandeur <a href="/wiki/Scalaire_(physique)" title="Scalaire (physique)">scalaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Grandeur_intensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandeur intensive">intensive</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Symbole usuel</th> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e85ff03cbe0c7341af6b982e47e9f90d235c66ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.216ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d}"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lien à d'autres grandeurs</th> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\text{corps}}}{\rho _{\text{r&#xE9;f}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>corps</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>r&#xE9;f</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\text{corps}}}{\rho _{\text{réf}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/867e9401f285e921fbdeff0d82149410157514d7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:10.343ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\text{corps}}}{\rho _{\text{réf}}}}}"></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style=""><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Grandeur_physique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>La <b>densité</b> (ou <b>densité relative</b>) d'un corps est le <a href="/wiki/Rapport_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Rapport (mathématiques)">rapport</a> de sa <a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">masse volumique</a> à la masse volumique d'un autre corps pris comme référence. </p> <ul><li>Pour les <a href="/wiki/Liquide" title="Liquide">liquides</a> et les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">solides</a>, le corps de référence est l'<a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">eau</a> pure à <span title="39,2 °F ou 277,2 K">4&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>.</li> <li>Pour les <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a>, le corps de référence est l'<a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a>, à la même température et sous la même pression.</li></ul> <p>La densité d'un corps est une <a href="/wiki/Grandeur_sans_dimension" title="Grandeur sans dimension">grandeur sans dimension</a> et sa valeur s'exprime sans <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_mesure" title="Unité de mesure">unité de mesure</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il ne faut pas confondre la densité d'une <a href="/wiki/Substance_chimique" title="Substance chimique">substance</a> avec sa masse volumique, la première étant le rapport de deux masses volumiques (celle de la substance et celle de l'eau ou de l'air). La masse volumique de l'eau valant <span title="1&#160;000 kg/m³" style="cursor:help">1</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par centimètre cube">g/cm<sup>3</sup></abbr> à <span title="39,2 °F ou 277,1 K">3,98&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>, la densité d'un solide ou d'un liquide s'exprime par la même valeur numérique que sa masse volumique en <abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par centimètre cube">g/cm<sup>3</sup></abbr> ou en <abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme par litre">kg/l</abbr>. Par exemple, il est équivalent de dire que la densité de l'éthanol est de 0,79 ou que sa masse volumique est de <span title="790 kg/m³" style="cursor:help">0,79</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par centimètre cube">g/cm<sup>3</sup></abbr>. Ceci donne lieu à des confusions fréquentes entre les concepts de masse volumique et de densité. Une source d'erreur supplémentaire est qu'en <a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">anglais</a> la masse volumique se dit <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">density</span></i> (et la densité <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">relative density</span></i>). </p><p>Il ne faut pas non plus confondre la <i>densité d'un corps</i>, sans dimension, avec la <i>densité d'une grandeur</i> qui est le rapport statistique, dimensionnel, d'une <a href="/wiki/Grandeur_physique" title="Grandeur physique">grandeur physique</a> donnée à un élément d'espace (longueur, surface ou volume), utilisée pour apprécier la répartition de cette grandeur&#160;: densité surfacique d'une population, <a href="/wiki/Masse_surfacique" title="Masse surfacique">masse surfacique</a>, charge surfacique, concentration surfacique,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire_et_terminologie">Histoire et terminologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire et terminologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire et terminologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La densité d'un corps est une notion de physique ancienne, apparue au <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle. Cette grandeur caractéristique d'un corps, exprimée par un nombre sans dimension a un usage commun. Elle est souvent définie dans les dictionnaires savants ou encyclopédiques<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Littr%C3%A9" title="Émile Littré">Émile Littré</a> définit la densité comme le «&#160;rapport de la masse d'un corps à son volume&#160;», c'est-à-dire comme la <a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">masse volumique</a>. Le scientifique rationaliste <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_de_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon de Laplace">Laplace</a>, admirateur de Newton, cité en référence<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, utilise en 1810 la densité en synonyme de masse volumique. Le <a href="/wiki/Bureau_international_des_poids_et_mesures" title="Bureau international des poids et mesures">BIPM</a> lui-même associe encore, en 1960, les termes densité et masse volumique<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Néanmoins la mesure expérimentale directe de la masse volumique s'appuie toujours sur une pesée hydrostatique avec comme référence une masse d'eau liquide. C'est une mesure de densité relative<sup id="cite_ref-Giacomo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giacomo-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La «&#160;densité relative&#160;» étant la seule grandeur mesurable expérimentalement sa forme courte «&#160;densité&#160;» est généralement préférée. Le mot «&#160;densité&#160;» est, d'après Littré, l'expression moderne du terme «&#160;densité relative&#160;», expression toujours utilisée en anglais (<i>relative density</i>). La masse volumique reste le synonyme moderne des expressions désuètes «&#160;densité absolue&#160;» ou «&#160;densité propre&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (<i>density</i> en anglais, sous-entendu <i>absolute density</i>). </p><p>Enfin, il ne faut pas confondre la <b>densité d'un corps</b>, sans dimension, avec la densité particulaire, définie par une unité, puisque cette dernière <b>densité d'une grandeur</b> est un rapport statistique d'une population donnée sur un élément d'espace (longueur, surface ou volume) utilisé pour décompter cette population, comme c'est le cas pour la densité surfacique de population, la <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_charge" title="Densité de charge">densité de charge</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Concentration_molaire" title="Concentration molaire">concentration molaire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expression_de_la_densité"><span id="Expression_de_la_densit.C3.A9"></span>Expression de la densité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Expression de la densité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Expression de la densité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La densité, notée <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e85ff03cbe0c7341af6b982e47e9f90d235c66ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.216ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d}"></span>, s'exprime par&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\rm {corps}}}{\rho _{\text{r&#xE9;f}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>r&#xE9;f</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\rm {corps}}}{\rho _{\text{réf}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d45437d708ad5a53f1e05dc1d0fdfe1e86551b1a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:10.343ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\rm {corps}}}{\rho _{\text{réf}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>où <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {corps}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {corps}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eaefeb0f44b0975e56e21643d0ec730ad89be156" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.193ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {corps}}}"></span> est la <a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">masse volumique</a> du corps considéré, et <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{\text{r&#xE9;f}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>r&#xE9;f</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{\text{réf}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d1f246a34a5c3271b8c200d7e92ca95de214c34" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.505ex; width:3.584ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{\text{réf}}}"></span> est la masse volumique du corps de référence. </p><p>S'agissant d'un rapport entre deux mesures de même unité, la densité s'exprime par le rapport de deux grandeurs de même <a href="/wiki/Analyse_dimensionnelle" title="Analyse dimensionnelle">dimension</a> et donc n'a pas d'unité. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Densité_des_gaz"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_des_gaz"></span>Densité des gaz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Densité des gaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité des gaz"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La densité des gaz est calculée à partir de la masse volumique de l'air<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La valeur de référence prise est la masse d'un litre d'air à <span title="32 °F ou 273,2 K">0&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> sous une pression de <span title="101&#160;325,024 Pa ou 1,013&#160;25 bar" style="cursor:help">760</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre de mercure"><a href="/wiki/Millim%C3%A8tre_de_mercure" title="Millimètre de mercure">mmHg</a></abbr>, soit 1,293&#160;49&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="gramme"><a href="/wiki/Gramme" title="Gramme">g</a></abbr>. </p><p>On a ainsi&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {gaz}}={\frac {\rho _{\rm {gaz}}}{\rho _{\rm {air}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{\rm {gaz}}={\frac {\rho _{\rm {gaz}}}{\rho _{\rm {air}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d5aec04d1dd0209f42fa834500ae17c3a4feb5d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:11.558ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {gaz}}={\frac {\rho _{\rm {gaz}}}{\rho _{\rm {air}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Il existe une façon commode de relier la <a href="/wiki/Masse_molaire" title="Masse molaire">masse molaire</a> M d'un gaz et sa densité. En effet, en considérant un <a href="/wiki/Gaz_parfait" title="Gaz parfait">gaz parfait</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle PV=nRT}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle PV=nRT}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/934032db2ac1f12624f85a90eeba651dcf4af377" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.426ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle PV=nRT}"></span> d'où&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {nRT}{P}}={\frac {mRT}{MP}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {nRT}{P}}={\frac {mRT}{MP}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a18ef009e6240be9dd3da196bc4aa3cf9e1a96d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.892ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {nRT}{P}}={\frac {mRT}{MP}}}"></span> avec <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n={\frac {m}{M}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>m</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n={\frac {m}{M}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a24b521a5398f08280966f24dcead66c0b93a625" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.772ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n={\frac {m}{M}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>On a donc&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M={\frac {m}{V}}{\frac {RT}{P}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>m</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M={\frac {m}{V}}{\frac {RT}{P}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/64ffb088d386d2d9aa737650825beda79a1cbcba" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:12.654ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M={\frac {m}{V}}{\frac {RT}{P}}}"></span> ou <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M=\rho {\frac {RT}{P}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M=\rho {\frac {RT}{P}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1bcbd52b95b31ace29652c108fc14c2e6ce6d888" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.979ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M=\rho {\frac {RT}{P}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>et&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {gaz}}={\frac {\rho _{\rm {gaz}}}{\rho _{\rm {air}}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {gaz}}}{M_{\rm {air}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{\rm {gaz}}={\frac {\rho _{\rm {gaz}}}{\rho _{\rm {air}}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {gaz}}}{M_{\rm {air}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e757f839cc44f8692987c6831a5910ad203863a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.353ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {gaz}}={\frac {\rho _{\rm {gaz}}}{\rho _{\rm {air}}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {gaz}}}{M_{\rm {air}}}}}"></span> avec <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {RT}{P}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {RT}{P}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7532d05b511f4256853726f0e1f950f4c169d0ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:4.236ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {RT}{P}}}"></span> pris identique pour l'air et le gaz considéré.</dd></dl> <p>En tenant compte de la composition de l'<a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> et des masses molaires respectives (78&#160;% de <a href="/wiki/Diazote" title="Diazote">diazote</a>, 21&#160;% de <a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">dioxygène</a> et 1&#160;% d'<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> environ), il est facile de montrer que&#160;: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{air}=29\;\mathrm {g\cdot mol^{-1}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>29</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{air}=29\;\mathrm {g\cdot mol^{-1}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77558a0cce4ec213d4fa4c16e0e6528d7e284f11" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.653ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{air}=29\;\mathrm {g\cdot mol^{-1}} }"></span>, soit&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\rm {gaz}}=29\;\mathrm {g\cdot mol^{-1}} d_{\rm {gaz}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>29</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\rm {gaz}}=29\;\mathrm {g\cdot mol^{-1}} d_{\rm {gaz}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f099553659fc2b057fe2e0357fcc1a399edb8eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.663ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\rm {gaz}}=29\;\mathrm {g\cdot mol^{-1}} d_{\rm {gaz}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Par exemple, la densité du <a href="/wiki/Dihydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Dihydrogène">dihydrogène</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\rm {H_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\rm {H_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d1ccd63ff393aaee7fe2351e079c7f48a683b3ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.55ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\rm {H_{2}}}}"></span> = 2&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par mole">g&#160;mol<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) est <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {H_{2}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {H_{2}}}}{29}}={\frac {2}{29}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mn>29</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>29</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{\rm {H_{2}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {H_{2}}}}{29}}={\frac {2}{29}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f0aaea109cf780afe2a772d0342c566982e78f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:18.25ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {H_{2}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {H_{2}}}}{29}}={\frac {2}{29}}}"></span> soit <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {H_{2}}}=0{,}069}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0,069</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{\rm {H_{2}}}=0{,}069}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf765079da404093f96ee8905e7d06a454754cd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.9ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{\rm {H_{2}}}=0{,}069}"></span> environ. </p><p>Il découle de cette relation que plus un gaz a une masse molaire élevée, plus il est dense. Il est ainsi facile de prévoir que le <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_carbone" title="Dioxyde de carbone">dioxyde de carbone</a> (CO<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>) sera plus dense que l'air (44/29 soit ~1,52) et que les gaz les moins denses sont le <a href="/wiki/Dihydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Dihydrogène">dihydrogène</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">hélium</a> (environ 2/29 soit ~0,07 pour le dihydrogène et 4/29 ~0,14 pour l'hélium). </p><p>Le composé gazeux le plus dense à température ambiante est l'<a href="/wiki/Hexafluorure_de_soufre" title="Hexafluorure de soufre">hexafluorure de soufre</a>, SF<sub>6</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> (<i>d</i> = 146/29 soit ~5,03). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Densité_des_solides_et_des_liquides"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_des_solides_et_des_liquides"></span>Densité des solides et des liquides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Densité des solides et des liquides" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité des solides et des liquides"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le plus souvent, l'<a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">eau</a> est utilisée comme corps de référence pour la densité des <a href="/wiki/Liquide" title="Liquide">liquides</a> et des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">solides</a>. Dans ce cas, la <a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">masse volumique</a> de l'eau est prise égale à <span title="1 g cm³" style="cursor:help">1&#160;000</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme par mètre cube">kg/m<sup>3</sup></abbr> (= 1&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme par décimètre cube">kg/dm<sup>3</sup></abbr> = <span title="" style="cursor:help">1</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme par litre">kg/l</abbr> = <span title="1&#160;000 kg/m³" style="cursor:help">1</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par centimètre cube">g/cm<sup>3</sup></abbr>). Il s'agit de la masse volumique de l'eau à <span title="39,2 °F ou 277,1 K">3,98&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Giacomo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giacomo-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et à <a href="/wiki/Pression_atmosph%C3%A9rique" title="Pression atmosphérique">pression atmosphérique</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La densité devient&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\rm {corps}}}{\rho _{\rm {eau}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\rm {corps}}}{\rho _{\rm {eau}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2bfeadb713e0f7ccfc905bdd9250ae02eecf673a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:10.343ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d={\frac {\rho _{\rm {corps}}}{\rho _{\rm {eau}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>où <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {corps}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {corps}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eaefeb0f44b0975e56e21643d0ec730ad89be156" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.193ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {corps}}}"></span> est la masse volumique du corps considéré et <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {eau}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {eau}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1654bf19e0b69156828bc7aa7274a832f73b2875" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.9ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{\rm {eau}}}"></span> est la masse volumique de l'eau (<span title="1 g cm³" style="cursor:help">1&#160;000</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme par mètre cube">kg/m<sup>3</sup></abbr>). </p><p>Pour corriger les valeurs mesurées à d'autres températures que la température de référence, il faut exploiter la courbe de variation de la masse volumique de l'eau en fonction de la température pour en déduire la masse volumique des matériaux à la température des mesures. </p><p>Pour les liquides, une mesure précise de densité utilise un <a href="/wiki/Pycnom%C3%A8tre" title="Pycnomètre">pycnomètre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mesures_de_la_densité"><span id="Mesures_de_la_densit.C3.A9"></span>Mesures de la densité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Mesures de la densité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mesures de la densité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Densité_relative_d'un_solide"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_relative_d.27un_solide"></span>Densité relative d'un solide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Densité relative d&#039;un solide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité relative d&#039;un solide"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La densité relative d'un corps solide par rapport à un corps fluide est le rapport de la masse du corps solide sur la masse du corps fluide de volume identique à celui du corps solide<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. On mesure cette densité relative en réalisant trois pesées et en immergeant le solide. Les mesures doivent être réalisées dans les mêmes conditions de pression et de température (souvent les <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">conditions normales</a>&#160;: <span title="101&#160;325,024 Pa ou 1,013&#160;25 bar" style="cursor:help">76</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre de mercure">cmHg</abbr>, <span title="32 °F ou 273,2 K">0&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corps_solide">Corps solide</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Corps solide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Corps solide"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:FLdensite1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Première pesée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/FLdensite1.jpg/220px-FLdensite1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/FLdensite1.jpg/330px-FLdensite1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/FLdensite1.jpg/440px-FLdensite1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Fig. A&#160;: Première pesée</figcaption></figure> <p>Un corps solide <i>C</i><sub>1</sub> est accroché au plateau d'une balance à l'aide d'une tige rigide <i>t</i> de masse <i>M<sub>t</sub></i> inconnue (figure A). La masse <i>m</i><sub>1</sub> et le volume <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d148fbb70b11d450bedc52f429bce99636bd91d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}_{1}}"></span> du corps <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span> ne sont pas connus. Une tare T, de masse <i>M<sub>T</sub></i> inconnue, est posée sur l'autre plateau de la balance. Les masses inconnues des deux plateaux de la balance sont notées <i>M</i><sub>1</sub> et <i>M</i><sub>2</sub>. </p><p>L'équilibre du fléau de la balance est réalisé grâce à la présence d'un poids, de masse <i>M<sub>A</sub></i> connue, posée sur le plateau auquel est accroché le corps <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span> (à l'extrémité <i>A</i> du fléau). </p><p>La force <i>F<sub>A</sub></i> s'exerçant au niveau de l'extrémité <i>A</i> du fléau est égale à&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(A)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(A)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f4464be3e7dd771e94b70298b6c3f269bc0b55a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.12ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(A)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>où <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5c8cb48a54cfa7448f76a70039f4621e3873a26" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:0.789ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle g}"></span> est l'accélération de la pesanteur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Masse_du_corps_solide">Masse du corps solide</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Masse du corps solide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Masse du corps solide"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:FLdensite2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Deuxième pesée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FLdensite2.jpg/220px-FLdensite2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FLdensite2.jpg/330px-FLdensite2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FLdensite2.jpg/440px-FLdensite2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Fig. B&#160;: Deuxième pesée</figcaption></figure> <p>Décrochons le corps <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span> (figure B). Afin d'équilibrer de nouveau le fléau de la balance, déposons la masse <i>M<sub>A</sub></i> et remplaçons la par une masse <i>M<sub>B</sub></i>. La force <i>F<sub>A</sub></i> s'exerçant au niveau de l'extrémité A du fléau est égale à&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{B}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(B)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{B}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(B)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65f1a767ad138b3ac3be8369f5e71b573a06efa2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:37.169ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{B}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(B)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Puisque le fléau a retrouvé sa position d'équilibre, les forces <i>F<sub>A</sub></i> données par les égalités (A) et (B) sont égales, d'où&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;=\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{B}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(C)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;=\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{B}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(C)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0cadd1f1154446c9d911e76d21a99428ccf75581" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:74.199ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;=\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{B}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(C)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>La masse <i>m</i><sub>1</sub> du corps <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span> est donc égale à&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{1}\;=\;M_{B}\;-\;M_{A}\;\;\;\;(D)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{1}\;=\;M_{B}\;-\;M_{A}\;\;\;\;(D)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d9bd1cff143383d5e3a14b7f7e452a81dd29c2c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.381ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{1}\;=\;M_{B}\;-\;M_{A}\;\;\;\;(D)}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Densité_relative_du_corps_solide"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_relative_du_corps_solide"></span>Densité relative du corps solide</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Densité relative du corps solide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité relative du corps solide"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:FLdensite3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Troisième pesée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FLdensite3.jpg/220px-FLdensite3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FLdensite3.jpg/330px-FLdensite3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FLdensite3.jpg/440px-FLdensite3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Fig. C&#160;: Troisième pesée</figcaption></figure> <p>Le corps <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span> est de nouveau suspendu au plateau (figure C). Mais, cette fois-ci, il est plongé dans un liquide de masse volumique <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{L}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{L}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c9f4cb905965dbe133e171fea5b107857c412678" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.553ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{L}}"></span> (en principe de l'<a href="/wiki/Eau_distill%C3%A9e" title="Eau distillée">eau distillée</a>). Afin d'équilibrer la balance, la masse <i>M<sub>B</sub></i> est déposée et une masse <i>M<sub>C</sub></i> est installée à sa place. Le liquide exerce une force sur le corps <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span>. Il s'agit de la <a href="/wiki/Pouss%C3%A9e_d%27Archim%C3%A8de" title="Poussée d&#39;Archimède">poussée d'Archimède</a>. C'est une force dont la direction est verticale et dont le sens est dirigée vers le haut. Son module est égal à <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x03A0;<!-- Π --></mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e8831f95ceb834aced082cf10bfc3e9c06dd98c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.571ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g}"></span>. </p><p>La force <i>F<sub>A</sub></i> s'exerçant au niveau de l'extrémité A du fléau est égale à&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;\underbrace {\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g} _{\Pi }\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(E)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <munder> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mo>&#x23DF;<!-- ⏟ --></mo> </munder> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x03A0;<!-- Π --></mi> </mrow> </munder> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;\underbrace {\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g} _{\Pi }\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(E)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4167408727b1aee83c9eb89280b6e9fb7dbf45b7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; width:57.739ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{A}\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;\underbrace {\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g} _{\Pi }\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(E)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Puisque le fléau a retrouvé sa position d'équilibre, les forces <i>F<sub>A</sub></i> données par les égalités (A) et (E) sont égales, d'où&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(F)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(F)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/19df332c0fc564af791aeb69379f1b2af1ea8d31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:87.383ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{A}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;=\;m_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{t}\;g\;+\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g\;+\;M_{1}\;g\;\;\;\;(F)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Donc&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g\;=\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;M_{A}\;g\;\;\;\;(G)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x03A0;<!-- Π --></mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g\;=\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;M_{A}\;g\;\;\;\;(G)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/10ac1c5cd88993c74b9588ec909e10e8c0b0c18c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:39.284ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g\;=\;M_{C}\;g\;-\;M_{A}\;g\;\;\;\;(G)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Le module <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x03A0;<!-- Π --></mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e8831f95ceb834aced082cf10bfc3e9c06dd98c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.571ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Pi \;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;g}"></span> de la poussée d'Archimède est assimilable au poids d'un corps liquide&#160;: le poids du liquide déplacé par le corps solide <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span>. Soit <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5e4f90850fb306af575d9a4a37b15b6d9178ce2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}"></span> le nom de ce corps liquide. Le volume, la masse volumique et la masse du corps <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5e4f90850fb306af575d9a4a37b15b6d9178ce2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}"></span> sont donc respectivement égaux à&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}_{2}={\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;\;\;et\;\;\;\rho _{2}=\rho _{L}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}_{2}={\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;\;\;et\;\;\;\rho _{2}=\rho _{L}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a7a277b42e34bc023921a25fe0459df72de98bfe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.759ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}_{2}={\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;\;\;et\;\;\;\rho _{2}=\rho _{L}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{2}\;=\;\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{2}\;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;=\;{\frac {\Pi }{g}}\;=\;M_{C}\;-\;M_{A}\;\;\;(H)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x03A0;<!-- Π --></mi> <mi>g</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{2}\;=\;\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{2}\;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;=\;{\frac {\Pi }{g}}\;=\;M_{C}\;-\;M_{A}\;\;\;(H)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c49d667291af02980957bbe3c856887fe3cc7817" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:51.681ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{2}\;=\;\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{2}\;=\;\rho _{L}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}\;=\;{\frac {\Pi }{g}}\;=\;M_{C}\;-\;M_{A}\;\;\;(H)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>En tenant compte des égalités (D) et (H), on peut donc déterminer la densité relative du corps solide <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da8f21a3eeba8a3d7e57262d1d056af4d24ae2c9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{1}}"></span> par rapport au corps fluide <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">C</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5e4f90850fb306af575d9a4a37b15b6d9178ce2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{2}}"></span>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{1/2}\;=\;{\frac {m_{1}}{m_{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}{\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}{\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}}{\rho _{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {M_{B}-M_{A}}{M_{C}-M_{A}}}\;\;\;\;(I)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x03C1;<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{1/2}\;=\;{\frac {m_{1}}{m_{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}{\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}{\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}}{\rho _{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {M_{B}-M_{A}}{M_{C}-M_{A}}}\;\;\;\;(I)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b87056c3a7e57e10d5848f040b45f8a1c2bab37" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:62ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{1/2}\;=\;{\frac {m_{1}}{m_{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}{\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}{\rho _{2}\;{\mathcal {V}}_{1}}}\;=\;{\frac {\rho _{1}}{\rho _{2}}}\;=\;{\frac {M_{B}-M_{A}}{M_{C}-M_{A}}}\;\;\;\;(I)}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Densité_des_liquides_ou_des_solides"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_des_liquides_ou_des_solides"></span>Densité des liquides ou des solides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Densité des liquides ou des solides" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité des liquides ou des solides"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Actuellement, on utilise une large variété de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tecteur_de_densit%C3%A9" title="Détecteur de densité">densimètres</a> portatifs ou fixes pour mesurer la densité des liquides ou des solides dans des contextes professionnels ou scientifiques divers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Densité_et_flottabilité"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_et_flottabilit.C3.A9"></span>Densité et flottabilité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Densité et flottabilité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité et flottabilité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Densit%C3%A9_liege_et_m%C3%A9tal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Densit%C3%A9_liege_et_m%C3%A9tal.jpg/220px-Densit%C3%A9_liege_et_m%C3%A9tal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Densit%C3%A9_liege_et_m%C3%A9tal.jpg/330px-Densit%C3%A9_liege_et_m%C3%A9tal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Densit%C3%A9_liege_et_m%C3%A9tal.jpg/440px-Densit%C3%A9_liege_et_m%C3%A9tal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3836" data-file-height="2207" /></a><figcaption>Comparaison de deux corps avec densités supérieure et inférieure à un.</figcaption></figure> <p>La densité peut indiquer la <a href="/wiki/Flottabilit%C3%A9" title="Flottabilité">flottabilité</a> d'un corps par rapport à l'<a href="/wiki/Eau_douce" title="Eau douce">eau douce</a>. En effet, si la densité d'un corps est supérieure à 1 comme pour une vis métallique (voir illustration) le corps en question coule dans l'eau. À l'inverse, si la densité d'un corps est inférieure à 1 comme pour un bouchon de liège (voir illustration) le corps en question flotte sur l'eau. Dans l'eau de mer ou une solution saline à gradient de <a href="/wiki/Salinit%C3%A9" title="Salinité">salinité</a>, ces chiffres sont à ajuster. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cas_particulier_de_l'eau_liquide"><span id="Cas_particulier_de_l.27eau_liquide"></span>Cas particulier de l'eau liquide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier la section : Cas particulier de l&#039;eau liquide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Cas particulier de l&#039;eau liquide"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'une manière générale quand un corps liquide refroidit sa densité augmente et devient maximale à la température de solidification. De plus le corps solide est généralement plus dense que le corps liquide. L'eau fait partie des exceptions&#160;: sa densité maximale est atteinte non pas à <span title="32 °F ou 273,2 K">0&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> mais à <span title="39,2 °F ou 277,1 K">3,98&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> et la <a href="/wiki/Glace" title="Glace">glace</a> est moins dense que l'eau liquide. Cette <a href="/wiki/Anomalie_dilatom%C3%A9trique" title="Anomalie dilatométrique">anomalie dilatométrique</a> permet à l'eau tiède, à l'eau très froide et à la glace de flotter sur de l'eau à <span title="39,2 °F ou 277,1 K">3,98&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. </p><p>Parmi les <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal">métaux</a> moins denses à l'état solide qu'à l'état liquide, on peut citer le <a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>. Cela pose des problèmes importants lors du <a href="/wiki/Moulage" title="Moulage">moulage</a>, à cause du gonflement qui accompagne la <a href="/wiki/Solidification" title="Solidification">solidification</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Densité_et_flottabilité_du_bois"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_et_flottabilit.C3.A9_du_bois"></span>Densité et flottabilité du bois</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier la section : Densité et flottabilité du bois" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité et flottabilité du bois"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles détaillés&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Flottabilit%C3%A9_du_bois" title="Flottabilité du bois">Flottabilité du bois</a> et <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_du_bois" title="Densité du bois">Densité du bois</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Densité_des_principaux_métaux_utilisés"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_des_principaux_m.C3.A9taux_utilis.C3.A9s"></span>Densité des principaux métaux utilisés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier la section : Densité des principaux métaux utilisés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité des principaux métaux utilisés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Métaux usuels </th> <th>Symbole </th> <th>Densité<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Platine</a></td> <td>Pt</td> <td>21,45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Or</a></td> <td>Au</td> <td>19,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)">Mercure</a></td> <td>Hg</td> <td>13,56 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">Plomb</a></td> <td>Pb</td> <td>11,35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></td> <td>Ag</td> <td>10,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a></td> <td>Bi</td> <td>9,82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a></td> <td>Cu</td> <td>8,96 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a></td> <td>Ni</td> <td>8,27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer">Fer</a></td> <td>Fe</td> <td>7,87 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">Étain</a></td> <td>Sn</td> <td>7,29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></td> <td>Zn</td> <td>7,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Titane</a></td> <td>Ti</td> <td>4,4−4,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a></td> <td>Al</td> <td>2,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium">Magnésium</a></td> <td>Mg</td> <td>1,43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a></td> <td>Na</td> <td>0,97 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Densité_et_flottation_des_minerais_métalliques"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_et_flottation_des_minerais_m.C3.A9talliques"></span>Densité et flottation des minerais métalliques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier la section : Densité et flottation des minerais métalliques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité et flottation des minerais métalliques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les minerais qui contiennent de fortes teneurs en <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment-trace_m%C3%A9tallique" title="Élément-trace métallique">métaux lourds</a> ou les métaux denses à l'état natif dispersés dans une <a href="/wiki/Gangue" title="Gangue">gangue</a> peuvent être séparés facilement des impuretés terreuses par effet de masse ou d'inertie, c'est-à-dire de moindre entraînement, dans un flux d'eau sur un plan incliné. C'est la séparation gravimétrique. </p><p>D'autres minerais, plus légers, peuvent être rendus flottables à l'aide de <a href="/wiki/Savon" title="Savon">savons</a> ou corps <a href="/wiki/Tensioactif" title="Tensioactif">tensioactifs</a> spécifiques dans des bains plus ou moins agités. Ce sont les procédés industriels de <a href="/wiki/Flottation" title="Flottation">flottation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Densité_des_liquides_biologiques_en_médecine"><span id="Densit.C3.A9_des_liquides_biologiques_en_m.C3.A9decine"></span>Densité des liquides biologiques en médecine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier la section : Densité des liquides biologiques en médecine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Densité des liquides biologiques en médecine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les densités ne servent que rarement en sciences médicales. Dans un ouvrage de référence, on ne trouve que le liquide sudoral du test de mucoviscidose et le liquide d'épanchement séreux<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'essentiel des données est exprimé en concentrations massique ou molaire. </p><p>Il est fréquent (fruit de la confusion avec la terminologie anglo-saxonne exposée plus haut) que ce qui est appelé «&#160;densité&#160;» des urines, du sang ou de tout liquide biologique, soit simplement la <b>masse volumique</b> du liquide (exprimée en g/L). Ainsi, la «&#160;densité&#160;» du sang que l'on peut lire sur les résultats de laboratoire est supérieure à 1&#160;000 (g/L). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small lower-alpha" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">En effet, l'eau possède une particularité parmi les liquides&#160;: sa densité et sa masse volumique sont maximales, non pas à sa température de fusion (<span title="32 °F ou 273,2 K">0&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>) comme la plupart des liquides, mais à <span title="39,2 °F ou 277,1 K">3,98&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>, or en métrologie, le fait de prendre comme référence une propriété physique qui passe par un <a href="/wiki/Extremum" title="Extremum">extremum</a> est très intéressant&#160;: au voisinage de cet extremum la propriété physique varie très peu. Ainsi au voisinage de <span title="39,2 °F ou 277,1 K">3,98&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>, une imprécision sur la détermination de la température exacte affecte très peu la masse volumique de l'eau et donc le résultat d'une mesure de densité.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="international_des_poids_et_mesures_(BIPM)"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bureau_international_des_poids_et_mesures_(BIPM)">Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM), «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/fr/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-2/2-2-3.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Unité des grandeurs sans dimension</cite></a>&#160;»</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">J.-P. Mathieu, A. Kastler, P. Fleury, <i>Dictionnaire de physique</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, Masson Eyrolles, Paris, 1985 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-225-80479-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-225-80479-6"><span class="nowrap">2-225-80479-6</span></a>)</small>&#160;; <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Larousse" title="Le Petit Larousse">Le Petit Larousse</a></i> 2008, éd. Larousse, Paris <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-03-582503-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-03-582503-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-03-582503-2</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Littré"><i>Littré</i>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://littre.reverso.net/dictionnaire-francais/definition/densit%C3%A9"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Définition du mot densité</cite></a>&#160;»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/jsp/fr/ViewCGPMResolution.jsp?CGPM=11&amp;RES=12">«&#160;Résolution 12 de la <abbr class="abbr" title="Onzième">11<sup>e</sup></abbr> réunion de la CGPM (1960)&#160;»</a>, sur <i>bipm.org</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giacomo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Giacomo_5-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Giacomo_5-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Giacomo"><span class="ouvrage" id="P._Giacomo">P. Giacomo, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/jsp/en/ViewBIPMReport.jsp?YEAR=1970&amp;REP=03"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Rapport BIPM-1970/03. <i>Masses volumiques</i></cite></a>&#160;»</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Élie Lévy, <i>Dictionnaire de physique</i>, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, Paris, 1988, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Mémento technique de l'eau</i>, <span class="nowrap"><abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr>&#160;1</span>, Degrémont, 1989, Annexe Formulaire</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabrice_L%C3%A9z%C3%A9-Lerond&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabrice Lézé-Lerond (page inexistante)">Lézé-Lerond Fabrice</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fabrice.leze.lerond.pagesperso-orange.fr/massevolu.pdf">Fascicule <i>Masse volumique</i>, §<i>Densité</i></a>, sur <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fabrice.leze.lerond.pagesperso-orange.fr"><b>Fascicules de physique</b></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Gaston Tissandier, <i>Les récréations scientifiques ou l'enseignement par les jeux, la physique sans appareil, la chimie sans laboratoire, la maison d'un amateur de science</i>…, Paris, Masson, 1886, 323&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Dictionnaire des constantes biologiques et physiques en médecine</i>, applications cliniques pratiques, <abbr class="abbr" title="Sixième">6<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, Maloine, Paris, 1991 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-224-01907-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-224-01907-6"><span class="nowrap">2-224-01907-6</span></a>)</small></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossaire_des_min%C3%A9raux" title="Glossaire des minéraux">Glossaire des minéraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9ralogie" title="Minéralogie">Minéralogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trographie" title="Pétrographie">Pétrographie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densim%C3%A8tre_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Densimètre électronique">Densimètre électronique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesure_physique" title="Mesure physique">Mesure physique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion_taille-poids" title="Illusion taille-poids">Illusion taille-poids</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densit%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fabrice.leze.lerond.pagesperso-orange.fr/massevolu.pdf">Densité d'une particule de matière fluide ou solide</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Identification_des_min%C3%A9raux" title="Modèle:Palette Identification des minéraux"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Identification_des_min%C3%A9raux&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Identification des minéraux</div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clivage" title="Clivage">Clivage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitus_(min%C3%A9ralogie)" title="Habitus (minéralogie)">Habitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin" title="Système cristallin">Système cristallin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassure" title="Cassure">Cassure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clat" title="Éclat">Éclat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Mohs" title="Échelle de Mohs">Dureté</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Densité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trait_(min%C3%A9ralogie)" title="Trait (minéralogie)">Trait</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_physico-chimiques_des_substances" title="Modèle:Palette Propriétés physico-chimiques des substances"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_physico-chimiques_des_substances&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Propriétés physico-chimiques des substances</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px">Propriété</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_physique" class="mw-redirect" title="État physique">État physique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A9" title="Viscosité">Viscosité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_d%27%C3%A9clair" title="Point d&#39;éclair">PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentiel_hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Potentiel hydrogène">Potentiel hydrogène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limite_d%27explosivit%C3%A9" title="Limite d&#39;explosivité">LIE et LSE</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Densité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solubilit%C3%A9" title="Solubilité">Solubilité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatilit%C3%A9_(chimie)" title="Volatilité (chimie)">Volatilité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_de_fusion" title="Point de fusion">Point de fusion et point de congélation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_d%27%C3%A9bullition" title="Point d&#39;ébullition">Point d'ébullition et point de condensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ductilit%C3%A9" title="Ductilité">Ductilité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9" title="Malléabilité">Malléabilité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Conductivité thermique">Conductivité thermique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité électrique</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px">Articles liés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_des_mat%C3%A9riaux" title="Science des matériaux">Science des matériaux</a></li> <li><a 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