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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ginga (satellite)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 13 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTRO-C" title="ASTRO-C – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ASTRO-C" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga" title="Ginga – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ginga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite) – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ginga (satellite)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTRO-C" title="ASTRO-C – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ASTRO-C" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Ginga (satélite) – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ginga (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%94_(%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="גינגה (לוויין) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גינגה (לוויין)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga_(satelit)" title="Ginga (satelit) – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ginga (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ginga (satellite)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%93%E3%81%8C_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="ぎんが (人工衛星) – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ぎんが (人工衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga" title="Ginga – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ginga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Ginga (satélite) – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ginga (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga" title="Ginga – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ginga" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ginga (satellite)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour le mouvement de base de la capoeira, voir <a href="/wiki/Ginga" title="Ginga">ginga</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"> <div>ASTRO-C</div> </div> <div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Astro-c_ginga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image Astro-c ginga.png." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Astro-c_ginga.png/220px-Astro-c_ginga.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Astro-c_ginga.png 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="164" /></a></span> </div><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Données générales</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Agence_spatiale" title="Agence spatiale">Organisation</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Institut_des_sciences_spatiales_et_astronautiques" title="Institut des sciences spatiales et astronautiques">ISAS</a> (Japon)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Domaine</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Rayon_X" title="Rayon X">rayons X</a> et rayons gamma</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Autres noms</th> <td> Ginga, 17480, 87012A</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Lancement_(astronautique)" title="Lancement (astronautique)">Lancement</a></th> <td> <time class="nowrap" datetime="1987-02-05" data-sort-value="1987-02-05">5 février 1987</time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Désorbitage</th> <td> <time class="nowrap" datetime="1991-11-01" data-sort-value="1991-11-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre 1991</time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_d%27immatriculation_international_des_objets_spatiaux" title="Numéro d'immatriculation international des objets spatiaux">Identifiant COSPAR</a></th> <td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1987-012A">1987-012A</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Caractéristiques techniques</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Masse au lancement</th> <td> 420 kg</td> </tr> </tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Données clés</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">Orbite</a></th> <td> 395-450 km (période : 93 min)</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Inclinaison_orbitale" title="Inclinaison orbitale">Inclinaison</a></th> <td> 31°</td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Principaux instruments</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">LAC</th> <td> Compteur <a href="/wiki/Rayon_X" title="Rayon X">X</a> (1,5-37 <abbr class="abbr" title="kiloélectron-volt">keV</abbr>, surface=4 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre carré">cm<sup>2</sup></abbr>, champ = 0,8°x1,7°)</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row">ASM</th> <td> Compteur X (1-20 <abbr class="abbr" title="kiloélectron-volt">keV</abbr>, surface=70 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre carré">cm<sup>2</sup></abbr>, champ = 1° x 180°)</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row">GBD</th> <td> Détecteur gamma (1.5-500 keV, surface = 60 cm<sup>2</sup> (SC) et 63 cm<sup>2</sup> (PC), ciel entier)</td> </tr></tbody></table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#e0e0e0;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Engin_spatial" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><b>Ginga</b> (En <a href="/wiki/Japonais" title="Japonais">japonais</a> «<i>galaxie</i> »), connu également sous l'appellation <b>ASTRO-C</b> avant son lancement, est un <a href="/wiki/Satellite_artificiel" title="Satellite artificiel">satellite</a> japonais d'observation dans le domaine des <a href="/wiki/Rayon_X" title="Rayon X">rayons X</a>. Il a été lancé de <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima" title="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1987-02-05" data-sort-value="1987-02-05">5 février 1987</time> par une fusée <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu_3S2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mu 3S2 (page inexistante)">Mu 3S2</a> <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-3S2" class="extiw" title="pl:M-3S2"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en polonais : « M-3S2 »">(pl)</span></a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Équipement"><span id=".C3.89quipement"></span>Équipement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Équipement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Équipement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le satellite était stabilisé dans l'espace, en 3 dimensions, par une roue gyroscopique et un système inertiel à quatre <a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">gyroscopes</a>. La manœuvrabilité était limitée <span class="need_ref" title="Une source est souhaitée pour ce passage." style="cursor:help;">par les actuateurs magnétiques</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[<abbr class="abbr" title="référence">réf.</abbr> souhaitée]</a></sup> et par la nécessité de garder les 4 panneaux solaires orientés à 45<a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_(angle)" title="Degré (angle)">°</a> au moins de l'axe du soleil. Les observations de moins d'une journée étaient donc peu pratiques et il n'était pas possible d'observer toutes les directions à toutes les périodes de l'année. Mais il a pu observer 350 cibles différentes. </p><p>Parmi ses instruments, le principal était le <i>Large Area Counter</i> (LAC), un compteur X proportionnel à large champ et à grande surface sensible. Il était complété par un compteur X sur 180°, le <i>All Sky Monitor</i> (ASM), qui permettait de balayer le ciel en un temps très court. </p><p>Le <i>Gamma-Ray Burst Detector</i> (GBD) complétait cela avec un détecteur capable de couvrir simultanément tout le ciel pour détecter un <a href="/wiki/Sursaut_gamma" title="Sursaut gamma">sursaut gamma</a>. Il était décomposé en un compteur proportionnel (PC) et un <a href="/wiki/Spectrom%C3%A8tre" title="Spectromètre">spectromètre</a> à scintillation (SC). Il pouvait détecter des sursauts gamma, les positionner avec une précision de 31,3 milliseconde d'arc et avec une bonne résolution. Le GBD était aussi utilisé pour surveiller le rayonnement de la <a href="/wiki/Ceinture_de_Van_Allen" title="Ceinture de Van Allen">ceinture de Van Allen</a> et éventuellement protéger les détecteurs X. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Résultats"><span id="R.C3.A9sultats"></span>Résultats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Résultats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Résultats"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Découverte de plusieurs candidats <a href="/wiki/Trou_noir" title="Trou noir">trous noirs</a> et étude de leurs caractéristiques spectrales.</li> <li>Découverte de <a href="/wiki/Rayonnement_cyclotron" title="Rayonnement cyclotron">rayonnement cyclotron</a> dans 3 <a href="/wiki/Pulsar_X" title="Pulsar X">pulsars X</a> : 4U1538-522, V0332+53 et Cep X-4.</li> <li>Découverte de fortes émissions X dans les raies d'émission du Fer (6-7 <a href="/wiki/KeV" class="mw-redirect" title="KeV">keV</a>) en direction du centre galactique.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-B" title="ASTRO-B">ASTRO-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASTRO-D</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lien_externe">Lien externe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Lien externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginga_(satellite)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lien externe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ginga/ginga.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">The Ginga satellite</cite></a> »</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_T%C3%A9lescopes_et_observatoires_spatiaux" title="Modèle:Palette Télescopes et observatoires spatiaux"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_T%C3%A9lescopes_et_observatoires_spatiaux&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_spatial" title="Télescope spatial">Télescopes et observatoires spatiaux</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_gamma" title="Astronomie gamma">Rayonnement gamma</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2"><i>SAS 2</i></a> (1972-1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/COS-B" title="COS-B">COS-B</a></i> (1975-1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-3" title="HEAO-3">HEAO-3</a></i> (1979-1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a></i> (1989-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)"><i>Gamma</i></a> (1990-1992)</li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma-Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory">Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory</a></span></i> (1991-2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEGRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEGRI (page inexistante)"><i>LEGRI</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEGRI" class="extiw" title="en:LEGRI"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « LEGRI »">(en)</span></a> (1997-2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" title="High Energy Transient Explorer"><i>HETE</i></a> (2000-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gamma-Ray_Astrophysics_Laboratory" title="International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory"><i>INTEGRAL</i></a> (2002-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AGILE" title="AGILE">AGILE</a></i> (2007-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope</a></i>/<i>GLAST</i> (2008-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS"><i>Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter</i></a> (2010-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></i> (2015-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)"><i>Hitomi</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-H</i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GECAM" title="GECAM">GECAM</a></i> (2020-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_Multi-band_Variable_astronomical_Objects_Monitor" title="Space-based Multi-band Variable astronomical Objects Monitor"><i>SVOM</i></a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager"><i>COSI</i></a> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_en_rayons_X" title="Astronomie en rayons X">Rayonnement X</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)"><i>Uhuru</i></a> (1970-1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ariel_V" title="Ariel V">Ariel V</a></i> (1974-1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomische_Nederlandse_Satelliet" title="Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet"><i>ANS</i></a> (1974-1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/COS-B" title="COS-B">COS-B</a></i> (1975-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3"><i>SAS-C</i></a> (1975-1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho"><i>CORSA</i></a> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-1" title="HEAO-1">HEAO-1</a></i> (1977-1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-2" title="HEAO-2">HEAO-2</a></i>/<i>Einstein</i> (1978-1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a></i>/<i>CORSA-b</i> (1979-1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-3" title="HEAO-3">HEAO-3</a></i> (1979-1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-B" title="ASTRO-B"><i>Tenma</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-B</i> (1983-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(satellite)" title="Astron (satellite)"><i>Astron</i></a> (1983-1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a></i> (1983-1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Ginga</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-C</i> (1987-1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a></i> (1989-1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a></i> (1990-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics"><i>ASCA</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-D</i> (1993-2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer</a></i> (1995-2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata_(satellite)" title="Aryabhata (satellite)"><i>Aryabhata</i></a> (1975-1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a></i> (1996-2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a></i> (1999-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Chandra (télescope spatial)"><i>Chandra</i></a> (1999-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gamma-Ray_Astrophysics_Laboratory" title="International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory"><i>INTEGRAL</i></a> (2002-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)"><i>Suzaku</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-E</i> (2005-2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)"><i>Hinode</i></a> (2006-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AGILE" title="AGILE">AGILE</a></i> (2007-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Spectroscopic_Telescope_Array" title="Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array"><i>NuSTAR</i></a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)"><i>Hitomi</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-H</i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HXMT" title="HXMT">HXMT</a></i> (2017-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a></i> (2019-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GECAM" title="GECAM">GECAM</a> (2020-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_X-ray_Polarimetry_Explorer" title="Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer">IXPE</a> (2021-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission"><i>XRISM</i></a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_Multi-band_Variable_astronomical_Objects_Monitor" title="Space-based Multi-band Variable astronomical Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_X-ray_Timing_and_Polarimetry_mission" title="Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission"><i>eXTP</i></a> (2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATHENA" title="ATHENA">ATHENA</a> (2037)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_dans_l%27ultraviolet" title="Astronomie dans l'ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OAO-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OAO-2 (page inexistante)">OAO-2</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_2" class="extiw" title="en:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 »">(en)</span></a> (1968-1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory"><i>OAO</i></a> (1972-1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomische_Nederlandse_Satelliet" title="Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet">ANS</a> (1974-1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer"><i>IUE</i></a> (1978-1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(satellite)" title="Astron (satellite)"><i>Astron</i></a> (1983-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Hubble (télescope spatial)"><i>Hubble</i></a> (1990-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer"><i>EUVE</i></a> (1992-2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALEXIS_(satellite)" title="ALEXIS (satellite)"><i>ALEXIS</i></a> (1993-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUSE_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="FUSE (télescope spatial)"><i>FUSE</i></a> (1999-2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer" title="Galaxy Evolution Explorer"><i>GALEX</i></a> (2003-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STSAT-1" title="STSAT-1"><i>Kaistsat 4</i></a> (2003-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a></i> (2003-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)"><i>Hinode</i></a> (2006-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph"><i>IRIS</i></a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hisaki" title="Hisaki">Hisaki</a></i>/<i>SPRINT-A</i> (2013-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_spatial_mondial-Ultraviolet" title="Observatoire spatial mondial-Ultraviolet"><i>WSO-UV</i></a>¹ (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory"><i>HWO</i></a> (vers 2040)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_optique" title="Astronomie optique">Lumière visible</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Hubble (télescope spatial)"><i>Hubble</i></a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" title="MOST (satellite)"><i>MOST</i></a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)"><i>Hinode</i></a> (2006-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a></i> (2006-2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Kepler (télescope spatial)"><i>Kepler</i></a> (2009-2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(satellite)" title="Gaia (satellite)"><i>Gaia</i></a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite"><b>TESS</b></a> (2018-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Euclid (télescope spatial)"><i>Euclid</i></a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="PLATO (télescope spatial)"><i>PLATO</i></a> (~2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy-Grace-Roman_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Nancy-Grace-Roman (télescope spatial)"><i>Nancy-Grace-Roman</i></a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Remote-Sensing_Infrared_Exoplanet_Large-survey" title="Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey"><i>ARIEL</i></a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Two" title="Earth Two">Earth Two</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory"><i>HWO</i></a> (vers 2040)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_infrarouge" title="Astronomie infrarouge">Infrarouge</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite" title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite"><i>IRAS</i></a> (1983-1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory"><i>ISO</i></a> (1995-1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Infrared Telescope in Space</span></i></a> (1995-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcourse_Space_Experiment" title="Midcourse Space Experiment"><i>MSX</i></a> (1996-1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite"><i>SWAS</i></a> (1998-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer"><i>WIRE</i></a> (1999-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Spitzer (télescope spatial)"><i>Spitzer</i></a> (2003-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Akari (télescope spatial)"><i>Akari</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-F</i> (2006-2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer"><i>WISE</i></a> (2009-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Herschel (télescope spatial)"><i>Herschel</i></a> (2009-2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="James Webb (télescope spatial)"><i>JWST</i></a> (2021-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a></span></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy-Grace-Roman_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Nancy-Grace-Roman (télescope spatial)"><i>Nancy-Grace-Roman</i></a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Remote-Sensing_Infrared_Exoplanet_Large-survey" title="Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey"><i>ARIEL</i></a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomie_millim%C3%A9trique_et_submillim%C3%A9trique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomie millimétrique et submillimétrique (page inexistante)">Ondes millimétriques<br />et submillimétriques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer"><i>COBE</i></a> (1989-1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)"><i>Odin</i></a> (2001-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe"><i>WMAP</i></a> (1999-2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Planck (télescope spatial)"><i>Planck</i></a>¹ (2009-2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a></i> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Radioastronomie" title="Radioastronomie">Ondes radio</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Radiot%C3%A9lescope" title="Radiotélescope">radiotélescopes</a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highly_Advanced_Laboratory_for_Communications_and_Astronomy" title="Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy"><i>HALCA</i></a> (1997-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadioAstron" title="RadioAstron"><i>Spektr-R</i></a> (2011-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao#Radio_télescope_NCLE" title="Queqiao"><i>NCLE</i></a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovering_the_Sky_at_the_Longest_Wavelength" title="Discovering the Sky at the Longest Wavelength"><i>DSL</i></a> (~2030)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Autres types</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Lomonossov_(satellite)" title="Mikhaïl Lomonossov (satellite)"><i>Mikhaïl Lomonossov</i></a> (2016-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna"><i>LISA</i></a>² (2034)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Projets</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:90px;">À l'étude</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_Imager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fresnel Imager (page inexistante)"><i>Fresnel Imager</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_Imager" class="extiw" title="en:Fresnel Imager"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Fresnel Imager »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPICA" title="SPICA">SPICA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEIA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="THEIA (page inexistante)"><i>THEIA</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" class="extiw" title="en:Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/THESEUS" title="THESEUS">THESEUS</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds" title="New Worlds">New Worlds</a></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_UV/Optical/Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor"><i>LUVOIR</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASTOR_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="CASTOR (télescope spatial)"><i>CASTOR</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TianQin" title="TianQin">TianQin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanet_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanet Observatory"><i>HabEx</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_rayons_X_Lynx" title="Observatoire rayons X Lynx"><i>Lynx</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope"><i>OST</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-by_Habitable_Exoplanet_Survey" title="Close-by Habitable Exoplanet Survey"><i>CHES</i></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:90px;">Abandonnés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Darwin (télescope spatial)"><i>Darwin</i></a></li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">Terrestrial Planet Finder</a></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XEUS" title="XEUS">XEUS</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">Space Interferometry Mission</a></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism_SMEX" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX"><i>GEMS</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-G" title="ASTRO-G">ASTRO-G</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SIMBOL-X" title="SIMBOL-X">SIMBOL-X</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Observatory_For_X-ray_Timing" title="Large Observatory For X-ray Timing"><i>LOFT</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_Characterisation_Observatory" title="Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory"><i>EChO</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIPE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIPE (page inexistante)">XIPE</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer"><i>FINESSE</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATLAST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATLAST (page inexistante)"><i>ATLAST</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Large-Aperture_Space_Telescope" class="extiw" title="en:Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope »">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Articles liés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_spatial" title="Télescope spatial">Télescope spatial</a></li> <li>Catégories : <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Observatoire_spatial" title="Catégorie:Observatoire spatial">Observatoire spatial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Type_de_t%C3%A9lescopes" title="Catégorie:Type de télescopes">Type de télescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie">Astronomie</a> : <a href="/wiki/Astronomie_infrarouge" title="Astronomie infrarouge">Infrarouge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomie_en_rayons_X" title="Astronomie en rayons X">Rayons X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomie_gamma" title="Astronomie gamma">Gamma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2">La première date est celle du lancement, la deuxième celle de la fin de la mission. ¹ Programme international. ² Projet.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_japonais" title="Modèle:Palette Programme spatial japonais"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_japonais&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Programme_spatial_japonais" title="Programme spatial japonais">Programme spatial japonais</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Lanceurs et <a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A9e_(astronautique)" title="Fusée (astronautique)">fusées</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;; background:#FFFFFF;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Lanceurs</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Lambda (fusée)">Lambda-4S</a> (1966-1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Mu (fusée)">Mu</a> (1970-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-V</a> (1997-2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-I_(lanceur_japonais)" title="N-I (lanceur japonais)">N-I</a> (1975-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-II_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="N-II (fusée)">N-II</a> (1981-1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-I" title="H-I">H-I</a> (1986-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II" title="H-II">H-II</a> (1994-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-I" title="J-I">J-I</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a> (2001-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIB" title="H-IIB">H-IIB</a> (2009-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GX_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="GX (fusée)">GX</a> (annulée)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Epsilon (fusée)">Epsilon</a> (2013-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-520" title="SS-520">SS-520</a> (2017-2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H3_(lanceur)" title="H3 (lanceur)">H3</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZERO_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="ZERO (fusée)">ZERO</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAIROS_(lanceur_spatial)" title="KAIROS (lanceur spatial)">KAIROS</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A9e_(astronautique)" title="Fusée (astronautique)">Fusées</a> expérimentales</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Callisto (fusée)">Callisto</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Themis (fusée)">Themis</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A9e-sonde" title="Fusée-sonde">Fusées-sondes</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S-310" title="S-310">S-310</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-520" title="S-520">S-520</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Missions habitées</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;; background#ECECEC;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(Station_spatiale_internationale)" title="Kibō (Station spatiale internationale)">Kibō</a> (2008-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">HTV</a> (2009-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle#Développements_futurs" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">HTV-X</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway#Éléments_de_la_station_spatiale" title="Lunar Gateway">Habitat module</a>² (2024)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Satellites scientifiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;; background:#FFFFFF;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Exploration du système solaire</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei" title="Suisei">Suisei</a> (PLANET A) (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten" title="Hiten">Hiten</a> (MUSES-A) (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Nozomi (sonde spatiale)">Nozomi</a> (PLANET B) (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Hayabusa (sonde spatiale)">Hayabusa (MUSES-C)</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a> (Kaguya) (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Akatsuki (sonde spatiale)">Akatsuki</a> (PLANET C) (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2">Hayabusa 2</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a>² (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R" title="Hakuto-R">Hakuto-R</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIM" title="SLIM">SLIM</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration" title="Lunar Polar Exploration">LUPEX</a> (~2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a> (~2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_Exploration" title="Martian Moons Exploration">MMX</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tera-hertz_Explorer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tera-hertz Explorer (page inexistante)">TEREX</a> (~2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKEANOS" title="OKEANOS">OKEANOS</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Télescopes et observatoires</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiyo" title="Taiyo">Taiyo</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-A" title="ASTRO-A">ASTRO-A (Hinotori)</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-B" title="ASTRO-B">ASTRO-B (Tenma)</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASTRO-C (Ginga)</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh</a>² (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASTRO-D (ASCA)</a>² (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a> (1995-1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highly_Advanced_Laboratory_for_Communications_and_Astronomy" title="Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy">HALCA (MUSES-B)</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">ASTRO-E (Suzaku)</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Akari (télescope spatial)">ASTRO-F (Akari)</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki" title="Hisaki">Hisaki</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">ASTRO-H (Hitomi)</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-C" title="Solar-C">Solar-C</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASMINE" title="JASMINE">JASMINE</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Observation de la Terre</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Observation_Satellite" title="Marine Observation Satellite">MOS-1A</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Observation_Satellite" title="Marine Observation Satellite">MOS-1B</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JERS-1" title="JERS-1">JERS-1</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS-I" title="ADEOS-I">ADEOS-I</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a>² (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS-II" title="ADEOS-II">ADEOS-II</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">Multi-Functional Transport Satellite</a>¹ (2005-2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Land_Observing_Satellite" title="Advanced Land Observing Satellite">ALOS</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">GOSAT</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Change_Observation_Mission" title="Global Change Observation Mission">GCOM-W</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement_Core_Observatory" title="Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory">GPM-Core</a>² (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-2" title="ALOS-2">ALOS-2</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASNARO#Développement_du_satellite_ASNARO-1" title="ASNARO">ASNARO-1</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Change_Observation_Mission" title="Global Change Observation Mission">GCOM-C</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASNARO-2" title="ASNARO-2">ASNARO-2</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">GOSAT-2</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-3" title="ALOS-3">ALOS-3</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALOS-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALOS-4 (page inexistante)">ALOS-4</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StriX" title="StriX">StriX</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-GW" title="GOSAT-GW">GOSAT-GW</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a>² (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precipitation_Measuring_Mission" title="Precipitation Measuring Mission">Precipitation Measuring Mission</a> (2029)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Autres satellites scientifiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinsei_(satellite)" title="Shinsei (satellite)">Shinsei</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa" title="Denpa">Denpa</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyokko" title="Kyokko">Kyokko</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikiken" title="Jikiken">Jikiken</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohzora" title="Ohzora">Ohzora</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajisai" title="Ajisai">Ajisai</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_(satellite)" title="Akebono (satellite)">Akebono</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOTAIL" title="GEOTAIL">GEOTAIL</a>² (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Energization_and_Radiation_in_Geospace" title="Exploration of Energization and Radiation in Geospace">Arase</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Instruments scientifiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Spaceborne_Thermal_Emission_and_Reflection_Radiometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (page inexistante)">ASTER</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI" title="MAXI">MAXI</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superconducting_Submillimeter-Wave_Limb-Emission_Sounder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (page inexistante)">SMILES</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperspectral_Imager_Suite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperspectral Imager Suite (page inexistante)">HISUI</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-footprint_Observation_Lidar_and_Imager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-footprint Observation Lidar and Imager (page inexistante)">MOLI</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">JEM-EUSO</a> (~202x)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Satellites technologiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;; background#ECECEC;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Csumi_(satellite)" title="Ōsumi (satellite)">Ohsumi</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">Tansei</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">Tansei-2</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiku" title="Kiku">Kiku</a>¹ (1975-2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">Tansei-3</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">Tansei 4</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXPeriment_RE-entry_Space_System" title="EXPeriment RE-entry Space System">EXPRESS</a>² (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a> (1995-1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiku#Kiku-7" title="Kiku">ETS-VII</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OICETS" title="OICETS">OICETS</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reimei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reimei (page inexistante)">Reimei</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDS-1 (page inexistante)">SDS-1</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sohla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sohla (page inexistante)">Sohla</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Low_Altitude_Test_Satellite" title="Super Low Altitude Test Satellite">SLATS</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAPIS-1" title="RAPIS-1">RAPIS-1</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Satellites d'application</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;; background:#FFFFFF;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Météorologie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_(satellite_m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique)" title="Himawari (satellite météorologique)">GMS</a>¹ (1977/1995-2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite#MTSAT-1" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">MTSat 1</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite#MTSAT-2" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">MTSat 2</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_8_et_9" title="Himawari 8 et 9">Himawari 8</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_8_et_9" title="Himawari 8 et 9">Himawari 9</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Télécommunications</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(satellite)" title="Artemis (satellite)">Artemis</a>² (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Relay_%26_Tracking_Satellite" title="Data Relay & Tracking Satellite">DRTS</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wideband_InterNetworking_engineering_test_and_Demonstration_Satellite" title="Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration Satellite">WINDS</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Data_Relay_System" title="Japanese Data Relay System">JDRS</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Militaires</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS</a>¹ (2003-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:150px">Navigation</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">QZS</a>¹ (2010-2020)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Centres de lancement</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;; background#ECECEC;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base_de_lancement_de_Tanegashima" title="Base de lancement de Tanegashima">Centre spatial de Tanegashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_de_lancement_d%27Uchinoura" title="Base de lancement d'Uchinoura">Base de lancement d'Uchinoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_de_lancement_de_Kii" title="Base de lancement de Kii">Base de lancement de Kii</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Organisations</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;; background:#FFFFFF;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agence_d%27exploration_a%C3%A9rospatiale_japonaise" title="Agence d'exploration aérospatiale japonaise">JAXA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_de_Tsukuba" title="Centre spatial de Tsukuba">Centre spatial de Tsukuba</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Space_Systems" title="Japan Space Systems">Japan Space Systems</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Programmes expérimentaux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;; background#ECECEC;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HYFLEX" title="HYFLEX">HYFLEX</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_Vehicle_Testing" title="Reusable Vehicle Testing">Reusable Vehicle Testing</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Histoire</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;; background:#FFFFFF;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_spatial_japonais" title="Programme spatial japonais">Programme spatial japonais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratoire_national_a%C3%A9rospatial_du_Japon" title="Laboratoire national aérospatial du Japon">NAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_sciences_spatiales_et_astronautiques" title="Institut des sciences spatiales et astronautiques">ISAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_spatial_du_Japon" title="Agence nationale de développement spatial du Japon">NASDA</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Projets annulés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;; background#ECECEC;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-G" title="ASTRO-G">ASTRO-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">LUNAR-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Fuji (vaisseau spatial)">Fuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifuge_Accommodations_Module" title="Centrifuge Accommodations Module">CAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA" title="SPICA">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">Nano-JASMINE</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#ccccff;">Voir aussi</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;; background:#FFFFFF;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li>Les catégories <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Spationaute_japonais" title="Catégorie:Spationaute japonais">Spationaute japonais</a>,</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programme_spatial_japonais" title="Catégorie:Programme spatial japonais">Programme spatial japonais</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTSAT_Satellite_Augmentation_System" title="MTSAT Satellite Augmentation System">MSAS</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2">Les dates sont celles du lancement. ¹ Programme ou plusieurs satellites ou sondes ; ² Satellite ou programme international</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail de l’astronomie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/40px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/60px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail:Astronomie">Portail de l’astronomie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail de l’astronautique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/40px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/60px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail:Astronautique">Portail de l’astronautique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Japon" title="Portail du Japon"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Japon" title="Portail:Japon">Portail du Japon</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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