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<li id="toc-Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_(PMGSE)_–_(1974–1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_(PMGSE)_–_(1974–1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (PMGSE) – (1974–1987)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_(PMGSE)_–_(1974–1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(PDRE)_–_(1987–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(PDRE)_–_(1987–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) – (1987–1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(PDRE)_–_(1987–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia_(TGE)_–_(1991–1995)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia_(TGE)_–_(1991–1995)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) – (1991–1995)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia_(TGE)_–_(1991–1995)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(FDRE)_–_(1995–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(FDRE)_–_(1995–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) – (1995–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(FDRE)_–_(1995–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nominations_and_appointment_of_the_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominations_and_appointment_of_the_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nominations and appointment of the president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominations_and_appointment_of_the_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers_and_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers_and_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Powers and duties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Ethiopia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_von_%C3%84thiopien" title="Präsident von Äthiopien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsident von Äthiopien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etioopia_riigipeade_loend" title="Etioopia riigipeade loend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Etioopia riigipeade loend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27%C3%89thiopie" title="Président de la république démocratique fédérale d'Éthiopie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président de la république démocratique fédérale d'Éthiopie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Etiop%C3%ADa" title="Presidente de Etiopía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidente de Etiopía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="इथोपिया के राष्ट्रपति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इथोपिया के राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Президент Эфиопии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президент Эфиопии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President of Ethiopia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsednik_Etiopije" title="Predsednik Etiopije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predsednik Etiopije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopian_presidentti" title="Etiopian presidentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etiopian presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%97" title="Президент Ефіопії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президент Ефіопії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of state of Ethiopia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of officeholders, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">List of presidents of Ethiopia</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22President+of+Ethiopia%22">"President of Ethiopia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22President+of+Ethiopia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22President+of+Ethiopia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22President+of+Ethiopia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22President+of+Ethiopia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22President+of+Ethiopia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of Ethiopia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:85%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Name in national languages</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:78%;font-weight:normal;"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Amharic-language text"><span lang="am">የኢትዮጵያ ፕሬዝዳንት</span></span><br /><span title="Amharic-language text"><i lang="am-Latn">Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā pirēzidanit</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Oromo-language text"><i lang="om">Pireezidaantiin Itiyoophiyaa</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Somali-language text"><i lang="so">Madaxweynaha Itoobiya</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">ፕረዚደንት ኢትዮጵያ</span></span><br /><span title="Tigrinya-language text"><i lang="ti-Latn">prezident Ítiyop'iya</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Afar-language text"><i lang="aa">Itiyoppiya Pirezdant</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/180px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/240px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/180px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/240px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of Ethiopia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Taye_Atske_Selassie_MFA_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Taye_Atske_Selassie_MFA_Portrait.jpg/220px-Taye_Atske_Selassie_MFA_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Taye_Atske_Selassie_MFA_Portrait.jpg/330px-Taye_Atske_Selassie_MFA_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Taye_Atske_Selassie_MFA_Portrait.jpg/440px-Taye_Atske_Selassie_MFA_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a><br /></div>since 7 October 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">Honourable President</a><br />(Within Ethiopia)<br /> <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">Mr. President</a><br />(Informal)<br /><a href="/wiki/Excellency#Ethiopia" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a> <br />(Diplomatic)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Palace (Ethiopia)">National Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Federal Parliamentary Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Six years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">The Emperor of Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">10 September 1987 <br />(De jure) <br /> 15 September 1974 <br />(De facto)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Negasso_Gidada" title="Negasso Gidada">Negasso Gidada</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">FDRE</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">PDRE</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Aman_Andom" title="Aman Andom">Aman Andom</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia">PMGSE</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Abolished</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Ethiopia" title="Vice President of Ethiopia">Vice President of Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">45,270 USD annually<sup id="cite_ref-africabusinessdaily_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-africabusinessdaily-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepresidency.gov.et/eng/">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president of Ethiopia</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council of Ministers</a> chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">prime minister</a>. The current president is <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a>, who took office on 7 October 2024. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Politics of Ethiopia">Politics of Ethiopia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/188px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Constitution</li><li>Presidency</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Ethiopia" title="Constitutions of Ethiopia">History</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">List</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Taye_Atskeselassie" class="mw-redirect" title="Taye Atskeselassie">Taye Atskeselassie</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Government of Ethiopia">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">List</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia (page does not exist)">Deputies</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Debretsion_Gebremichael" title="Debretsion Gebremichael">Debretsion Gebremichael</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Demeke_Mekonnen" title="Demeke Mekonnen">Demeke Mekonnen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Muktar_Kedir" title="Muktar Kedir">Muktar Kedir</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council of Ministers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Federation" title="House of Federation">House of Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples%27_Representatives" title="House of Peoples' Representatives">House of Peoples' Representatives</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Ethiopia" title="Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia">Federal Supreme Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ethiopia" title="Elections in Ethiopia">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2013_Ethiopian_presidential_election" title="2013 Ethiopian presidential election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Ethiopian_presidential_election" title="2018 Ethiopian presidential election">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2015_Ethiopian_general_election" title="2015 Ethiopian general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Ethiopian_general_election" title="2021 Ethiopian general election">2021</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Election_Board_of_Ethiopia" title="National Election Board of Ethiopia">NEBE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ethiopia" title="List of political parties in Ethiopia">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Ethiopia">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ethiopia" title="Regions of Ethiopia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_of_Ethiopia" title="List of zones of Ethiopia">Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">Districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Gedu_Andargachew" title="Gedu Andargachew">Gedu Andargachew</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Ethiopia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Ethiopia">in Ethiopia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_passport" title="Ethiopian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Ethiopian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Ethiopian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Ethiopia" title="Visa policy of Ethiopia">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission">Reconciliation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Emergency_Inquiry_Board_(Tigray)" title="State of Emergency Inquiry Board (Tigray)">Inquiry Board (Tigray War)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Template:Politics of Ethiopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Template talk:Politics of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The role of head of state of Ethiopia had evolved and changed through the political transformation of Ethiopia. The <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">emperor of Ethiopia</a> was the head of state of Ethiopia prior the 1974 revolution. Following the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">1974 military coup</a> and abolishment of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Ethiopia" title="Monarchies of Ethiopia">monarchies of Ethiopia</a>, the role of head of state was fulfilled by the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">chairman of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia</a> as de facto president of Ethiopia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_(PMGSE)_–_(1974–1987)"><span id="Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_.28PMGSE.29_.E2.80.93_.281974.E2.80.931987.29"></span>Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (PMGSE) – (1974–1987)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (PMGSE) – (1974–1987)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia</a> was head of state and de facto president of Ethiopia. The first chairman of the Provisional Military Government was <a href="/wiki/Aman_Andom" title="Aman Andom">Lieutenant General Aman Andom</a>, who was also <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Ethiopia)" title="Chief of General Staff (Ethiopia)">Chief of General Staff of the Ethiopian Armed forces</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(PDRE)_–_(1987–1991)"><span id="People.27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_.28PDRE.29_.E2.80.93_.281987.E2.80.931991.29"></span>People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) – (1987–1991)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) – (1987–1991)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The presidency was officially created by the <a href="/wiki/1987_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1987 Constitution of Ethiopia">1987 Constitution</a>, which established the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a>. The president was elected to a five-year term by the <a href="/wiki/National_Shengo" title="National Shengo">National Shengo</a> (legislature), with no term limits. The presidency was the <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(gubernatorial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive (gubernatorial)">chief executive</a> of Ethiopia. The president was also the chairman of the Council of State, which presided as a legislator during the Shengo off session. The president had a <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(gubernatorial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive (gubernatorial)">chief executive</a> power to rule by decree if necessary and was also the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian Armed Forces</a>. The only president under the 1987 Constitution was <a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile-Mariam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengistu Haile-Mariam">Mengistu Haile-Mariam</a> from 1987 to 1991. Following the flight into exile of Mengistu Haile-Mariam, <a href="/wiki/Tesfaye_Gebre_Kidan" title="Tesfaye Gebre Kidan">Tesfaye Gebre Kidan</a> served as the acting president of Ethiopia for only six days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia_(TGE)_–_(1991–1995)"><span id="Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia_.28TGE.29_.E2.80.93_.281991.E2.80.931995.29"></span>Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) – (1991–1995)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) – (1991–1995)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The end of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a> in 28 May 1991 resulted in the end to the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a> constitution. A new provisional constitution and the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Transitional Government of Ethiopia">Transitional Government of Ethiopia</a> was formed. The Transitional Government of Ethiopia was a de facto <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential system</a> with the president as head of state and the prime minister as head of government. During the Transitional Government of Ethiopia, the presidency had <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(gubernatorial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive (gubernatorial)">chief executive</a> powers, including appointing and dismissing the prime minister and the commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian Armed Forces</a>. The only president who served during the Transitional Government of Ethiopia was <a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles Zenawi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_(FDRE)_–_(1995–present)"><span id="Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia_.28FDRE.29_.E2.80.93_.281995.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) – (1995–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) – (1995–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A draft of a new constitution was declared in 1995 as the <a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a>. The 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia transformed Ethiopia into a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a>, which effectively made the presidency a ceremonial and apolitical head of state. </p><p>The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia explicitly vests executive power in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council of Ministers</a> and names the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">prime minister</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(gubernatorial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive (gubernatorial)">chief executive</a> and the de jure <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian Armed Forces</a>. However, the president presides as a ceremonial commander-in-chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces. </p><p>The first president of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was <a href="/wiki/Negasso_Gidada" title="Negasso Gidada">Negasso Gidada</a>, who served from 1995 to 2001. The current president is <a href="/wiki/Sahle-Work_Zewde" title="Sahle-Work Zewde">Sahle-Work Zewde</a>, who is also the first female president of Ethiopia, serving since 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nominations_and_appointment_of_the_president">Nominations and appointment of the president</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nominations and appointment of the president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Federal Parliamentary Assembly</a> nominate the candidate for president.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidential tenure is not keyed to that of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly to assure continuity in government and the nonpartisan character of the office. </p><p>The term of office of the president is six years. As of 2021, there are no term limits for the president in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution of Ethiopia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-termlimits_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-termlimits-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon election in accordance with the constitution, the president, before commencing his or her responsibility as president, presents himself or herself before the Federal Parliamentary Assembly and makes a declaration of loyalty to the Constitution and the people of Ethiopia in the following words: </p><p>"I......., when on this date commence my responsibility as President of the Federal Democratic Republic, of Ethiopia, pledge to carry out faithfully the high responsibility entrusted to me."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_duties">Powers and duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Powers and duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1995 Ethiopian Constitution lays out the duties and powers of the president of the republic to include the following:<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>The president opens the joint session of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Federal Parliamentary Assembly</a> at the commencement of their annual sessions.</li> <li>The president proclaims in the Negarit Gazeta laws and international agreements approved by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples%27_Representatives" title="House of Peoples' Representatives">House of Peoples' Representatives</a> in accordance with the Constitution.</li> <li>The president, upon recommendation by the prime minister, appoints ambassadors and other envoys to represent the country abroad.</li> <li>The president receives the credentials of foreign ambassadors and special envoys.</li> <li>The president awards medals, prizes and gifts in accordance with conditions and procedures established by law.</li> <li>The president upon recommendation by the prime minister, grants high military titles and awards.</li> <li>The president, in accordance with conditions and procedures established by law, grants pardon.</li></ol> <p>The president's powers and duties need not be countersigned by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">prime minister</a> to be valid. All the listed roles are autonomous powers of the president. The president represents the country in various delegations, meetings, and international platforms that may require the attendance of the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the president is unable to preside and exercise his or her duties because of illness, death, resignation, conviction or impeachment, the two chambers of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Federal Parliamentary Assembly</a> will immediately designate an acting president. With no longer than a week time the Federal Parliamentary Assembly will convene by an extraordinary session to elect the successor and declare the new president.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president of Ethiopia is protected by the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Guard (Ethiopia)">Republican Guard</a>, which is a special armed unit of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defense Force</a>. The Republican Guard's Counter Military Unit is responsible for protecting the presidential palace commonly known as <a href="/wiki/National_Palace,_Addis_Ababa" title="National Palace, Addis Ababa">Jubilee Palace</a>. The Counter Military Unit carries heavy assault rifles such as Israel-made Tavor-21 and American M-4's and long range snipers that can penetrate bullet proof glass. The Republican Guard also uses helicopters as well as armored vehicles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latest_election">Latest election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Latest election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Ethiopian_presidential_election" title="2024 Ethiopian presidential election">2024 Ethiopian presidential election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">List of emperors of Ethiopia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">List of presidents of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">List of heads of government of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Ethiopia">Rulers of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Ethiopia" title="Vice President of Ethiopia">Vice President of Ethiopia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/news/The-highest-and-lowest-paid-African-presidents/539546-4129430-cbmf8iz/index.html">"The highest and lowest paid African presidents – Business Daily"</a>. Business Daily. 27 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008052713/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/news/The-highest-and-lowest-paid-African-presidents/539546-4129430-cbmf8iz/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+highest+and+lowest+paid+African+presidents+%E2%80%93+Business+Daily&rft.pub=Business+Daily&rft.date=2020-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessdailyafrica.com%2Fnews%2FThe-highest-and-lowest-paid-African-presidents%2F539546-4129430-cbmf8iz%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLL.M." class="citation web cs1">LL.M., Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/et00000_.html#A070_">"ICL > Ethiopia > Constitution"</a>. <i>www.servat.unibe.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.servat.unibe.ch&rft.atitle=ICL+%3E+Ethiopia+%3E+Constitution&rft.aulast=LL.M.&rft.aufirst=Prof.+Dr.+Axel+Tschentscher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fet00000_.html%23A070_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-termlimits-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-termlimits_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookSiegle" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/">"Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa"</a>. <i>Africa Center for Strategic Studies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africa+Center+for+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=Circumvention+of+Term+Limits+Weakens+Governance+in+Africa&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Candace&rft.au=Siegle%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricacenter.org%2Fspotlight%2Fcircumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawethiopia.com/images/federal_proclamation/proclamations_by_number/255.pdf">"FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>lawethiopia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209081820/https://www.lawethiopia.com/images/federal_proclamation/proclamations_by_number/255.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lawethiopia.com&rft.atitle=FEDERAL+NEGARIT+GAZETA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawethiopia.com%2Fimages%2Ffederal_proclamation%2Fproclamations_by_number%2F255.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template talk:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ethiopia" title="History of Ethiopia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ethiopia" title="Prehistoric Ethiopia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Kingdom of Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Wolaita" title="Kingdom of Wolaita">Kingdom of Wolaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_lists_of_Ethiopia" title="Regnal lists of Ethiopia">regnal lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kingdom of Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Adal_War" title="Ethiopian–Adal War">Ethiopian–Adal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondarine_period" title="Gondarine period">Gondarine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemene_Mesafint" title="Zemene Mesafint">Zemene Mesafint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik%27s_Expansions" class="mw-redirect" title="Menelik's Expansions">Menelik's Expansions</a></li> <li>Italo-Ethiopian wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Ethiopian_War_of_1887%E2%80%931889" title="Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889">1887–89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_in_World_War_I" title="Ethiopia in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Revolution" title="Ethiopian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Ethiopian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Ethiopian coup d'état">1974 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="History of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">Federal Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_summit" title="2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit">2018 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_historiography" title="Ethiopian historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Ethiopia" title="Territorial evolution of Ethiopia">Territorial evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ethiopia" title="Geography of Ethiopia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ethiopia" title="Geology of Ethiopia">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Ethiopia" title="List of mountains in Ethiopia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia" title="List of rivers of Ethiopia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Ethiopia" title="List of lakes of Ethiopia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of volcanoes in Ethiopia">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of earthquakes in Ethiopia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Flora of Ethiopia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Ethiopia" title="Wildlife of Ethiopia">Fauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Ethiopia" title="Subdivisions of Ethiopia">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ethiopia" title="Regions of Ethiopia">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Regions_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_of_Ethiopia" title="List of zones of Ethiopia">Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">Woredas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ethiopia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_Ethiopia" title="Wards of Ethiopia">Kebele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Politics of Ethiopia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Ethiopia" title="Constitutions of Ethiopia">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Government of Ethiopia">Government</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ethiopia" title="List of political parties in Ethiopia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ethiopia" title="Elections in Ethiopia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ethiopia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">National Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Ground_Forces" title="Ethiopian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Ethiopia" title="Military history of Ethiopia">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Ethiopian_Empire" title="Army of the Ethiopian Empire">Army of the Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Navy" title="Ethiopian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Economy of Ethiopia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ethiopia" title="Agriculture in Ethiopia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Ethiopia" title="List of banks in Ethiopia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr">Birr <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Ethiopia" title="List of companies of Ethiopia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Energy in Ethiopia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_development_policy_of_Ethiopia" title="Industrial development policy of Ethiopia">Industrial development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Ethiopia" title="Land reform in Ethiopia">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ethiopia" title="Manufacturing in Ethiopia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Ethiopia" title="Taxation in Ethiopia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ethiopia" title="Tourism in Ethiopia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ethiopia" title="Trade unions in Ethiopia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ethiopia" title="Transport in Ethiopia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Society of Ethiopia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ethiopia" title="Architecture of Ethiopia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Ethiopia" title="Child marriage in Ethiopia">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ethiopia" title="Demographics of Ethiopia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ethiopia" title="Education in Ethiopia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Ethiopia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famines_in_Ethiopia" title="Famines in Ethiopia">Famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" title="Flag of Ethiopia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ethiopia" title="Health in Ethiopia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ethiopia" title="Healthcare in Ethiopia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Maternal health in Ethiopia">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Women's health in Ethiopia">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ethiopia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ethiopia" title="Human trafficking in Ethiopia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ethiopia" title="Law enforcement in Ethiopia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopians" title="Ethiopians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Ethiopia" title="Polygamy in Ethiopia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ethiopia" title="Public holidays in Ethiopia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Ethiopia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ethiopia" title="Women in Ethiopia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ethiopia" title="Culture of Ethiopia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wine" title="Ethiopian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_literature" title="Ethiopian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Ethiopia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ethiopia" title="Music of Ethiopia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ethiopia" title="Sport in Ethiopia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Ethiopia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ethiopia" title="Outline of Ethiopia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethiopia" title="Category:Ethiopia">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethiopian_heads_of_state_(1974–1987)_/_Presidents_of_Ethiopia_(since_1987)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="Template:Presidents of Ethiopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="Template talk:Presidents of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopian_heads_of_state_(1974–1987)_/_Presidents_of_Ethiopia_(since_1987)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">Ethiopian heads of state (1974–1987) / Presidents of Ethiopia (since 1987)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia</a><br />(1974–1987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aman_Andom" title="Aman Andom">Aman</a><sup>†*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu</a><sup>†*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafari_Benti" title="Tafari Benti">Tafari</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1975%E2%80%931987).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Derg"><img alt="Flag of the Derg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1987%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"><img alt="Flag of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1991%E2%80%931996).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia"><img alt="Flag of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"><img alt="Flag of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a><br />(1987–1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesfaye_Gebre_Kidan" title="Tesfaye Gebre Kidan">Tesfaye</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Transitional Government of Ethiopia">Transitional Government of Ethiopia</a><br />(1991–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a><br />(since 1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negasso_Gidada" title="Negasso Gidada">Negasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girma_Wolde-Giorgis" title="Girma Wolde-Giorgis">Girma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatu_Teshome" title="Mulatu Teshome">Mulatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahle-Work_Zewde" title="Sahle-Work Zewde">Sahle-Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">‡</span> Interim</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">*</span> Acting</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">†</span> Derg Chairman</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">Heads of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Algeria" title="President of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Angola" title="President of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Benin" title="President of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Burkina_Faso" title="List of heads of state of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Burundi" title="President of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cameroon" title="President of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of presidents of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of heads of state of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Chad" title="List of heads of state of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Djibouti" title="List of presidents of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of presidents of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Eritrea" title="List of heads of state of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Eswatini" title="List of monarchs of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Gabon" title="President of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Gambia" title="President of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea" title="List of presidents of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of state of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" title="List of heads of state of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Madagascar" title="List of presidents of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mali" title="List of heads of state of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mauritania" title="List of heads of state of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mauritius" title="President of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Mozambique" title="List of presidents of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Namibia" title="President of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Niger" title="List of heads of state of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Rwanda" title="List of presidents of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of presidents of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Senegal" title="President of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Seychelles" title="List of presidents of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sierra_Leone" title="President of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" title="President of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Togo" title="List of presidents of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tunisia" title="President of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Uganda" title="President of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zambia" title="President of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government">Heads of government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Angola" title="President of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Benin" title="President of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Burkina_Faso" title="List of prime ministers of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of prime ministers of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of heads of government of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Chad" title="List of prime ministers of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Eritrea" title="List of heads of state of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Eswatini" title="List of prime ministers of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Gambia" title="President of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of government of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Libya" title="List of heads of government of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mali" title="List of prime ministers of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritania" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Government_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Government of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mozambique" title="List of prime ministers of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Niger" title="List of prime ministers of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Seychelles" title="List of presidents of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sierra_Leone" title="President of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Somalia" title="List of prime ministers of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of government of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" title="President of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Togo" title="List of prime ministers of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zambia" title="President of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct states<br />and governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ashanti Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Asante" title="List of rulers of Asante">Monarch</a></li></ul></li> <li>Benin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Benin" title="List of prime ministers of Benin">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Burundi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Burundi" title="List of kings of Burundi">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Central African Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Central_Africa" title="Emperor of Central Africa">Emperor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dahomey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Dahomey" title="King of Dahomey">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egypt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="Muhammad Ali dynasty">Muhammad Ali dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Monarch</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ethiopia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>The Gambia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Gambia" title="Prime Minister of the Gambia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ghana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kenya" title="Prime Minister of Kenya">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kingdom of Kongo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manikongo" title="Manikongo">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Kongo" title="List of rulers of Kongo">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Malawi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Merina Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Imerina_monarchs" title="List of Imerina monarchs">Monarch</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nigeria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nigeria" title="Prime Minister of Nigeria">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange Free State <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_Orange_Free_State" title="State President of the Orange Free State">State President</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rwanda <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Rwanda" title="List of kings of Rwanda">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>South African Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_South_African_Republic" title="State President of the South African Republic">State President</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tunisia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beys_of_Tunis" title="List of beys of Tunis">Bey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zanzibar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Zanzibar" title="List of sultans of Zanzibar">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Zanzibar" title="List of heads of government of Zanzibar">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zambia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zambia" title="Prime Minister of Zambia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zimbabwe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zulu Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zulu_kings" title="List of Zulu kings">King</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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