McGill University | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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"},{"filename":"cd714120-772f-48f3-80df-e6ea0f51bf70","title":"Macdonald Engineering Building","alt":"Macdonald Engineering Building","source":"(photo by Brian Merrett: www.merrettimages.ca)","creator":"","caption":"Macdonald Engineering Building, built in 1908, Montreal."},{"filename":"055f8056-44f9-4871-aaab-65faf8bebc13","title":"Hugh MacLennan in 1947","alt":"Hugh MacLennan in 1947","source":"(photo by Yousuf Karsh, courtesy Library and Archives Canada\/PA-172723)","creator":"","caption":""},{"filename":"992086fa-2712-4644-903e-3ecb9c1c4440","title":"McGill University","alt":"McGill University","source":"(by Gene Arboit [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons)","creator":"","caption":"Statue of James McGill, the founder of McGill University, in Montr\u00e9al. 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All portraits reproduced are the property of the artist. Courtesy: Mus\u00e9e des Grands Qu\u00e9becois.)","creator":"Marie-Jos\u00e9e Hudon","caption":""},{"filename":"cc4a8c50-6913-4ed9-aea5-13c768c9a8a8","title":"Dr. Kenneth Allan Caldwell Elliott.","alt":"Dr. Kenneth Allan Caldwell Elliott.","source":"(Credit: Venetia Crawford (n\u00e9e Elliott))","creator":"","caption":"Dr. Kenneth Allan Caldwell Elliott, biochemist and neurochemist."},{"filename":"4b4e2cfc-07f0-47a6-8570-7c0326a3ae21","title":null,"alt":null,"source":null,"creator":null,"caption":null}]"> <main class="main-grid"> <article class="article main-grid__content"> <input type="hidden" id="isUserLogin" name="loginuser" value=""> <aside id="articlewidgets" class="article-widgets"> <input type="checkbox" class="menu-open" name="menu-open" id="menu-open"/> <label class="widget-open-button" for="menu-open"> <span class="dot--1"></span> <span class="dot--2"></span> <span class="dot--3"></span> </label> <button data-target="popup-citation" data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent"> <div class="widget-item__icon--citation"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Citation</span> </button> <button data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent js-edit-submit"> <div class="widget-item__icon--edit"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Suggest an Edit</span> </button> <button data-target="popup-translation" data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent js-translation"> <div class="widget-item__icon--translate"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Request Translation</span> </button> <button id="popup-translation__original" class="widget-item hide-widget"> <div class="widget-item__icon--revert"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Revert to original</span> </button> </aside> <div id="popup-edit" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div>Suggest an Edit</div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <div class="contact-form edit-form"> <div class="form-error-list"> <ul></ul> </div> <form method="POST" action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/submitArticle" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form form-submit-edit form-main"><input name="_token" type="hidden" value="EyjOz7QUCTZ3fxBjyea39FF9Nv8NEJhqY0zbvcz1"> <input name="aid" type="hidden" value="82295"> <input name="edit" type="hidden" value="true"> <div class="input-group "> <label for="description">Enter your suggested edit(s) to this article in the form field below</label> <textarea id="text-editor" class="form-control input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Write your message here..." name="description" cols="50" rows="10"></textarea> </div> <div class="btn-container"> <div> <input class="disabled js-submitedit-submit b b-md b-invert" type="submit" value="Submit"> </div> <div> <a href="#" data-dismiss="modal" class="js-popup-close b-link">Cancel</a> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-citation" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div> Citation </div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <ul class="list"> <li> <ul class="citation-reference"> <input id="copy1" type="text" value="MLA 8TH EDITION | Frost, Stanley B.. 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Frost</a> </span> </p> <p class="info-text">Updated by <span class="info-text__value"> Maude-emmanuelle Lambert </span> </p> </div> <div class="article-info__column"> <p class="info-text">Published Online <span class="info-text__value--date"> February 5, 2012 </span> </p> <p class="info-text">Last Edited <span class="info-text__value--date"> October 11, 2016 </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="article-toolbar"> <button data-target="popup-share" data-toggle="modal" class="article-toolbar__item articleNavPopupEvent"> <div class="article-toolbar__item__icon--share"></div> <span class="article-toolbar__item__title">Share</span> </button> <button id="js-print" class="article-toolbar__item"> <div class="article-toolbar__item__icon--print"></div> <span class="article-toolbar__item__title">Print</span> </button> </div> <div class="article-content"> <div class="article-content__summary"> McGill University, in Montréal, Québec, was founded in 1821. It is one of the oldest institutions to offer university-level education in Canada. Its main campus is located in downtown Montréal, while the Macdonald Campus is approximately 30 km to the west, in Sainte-Anne de Bellevue. </div> <div class="article-content-body"> <div id="article-content-def"> <div class="slider"><div class="bxslider"><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/2b7f1364-6c18-4b8d-a208-0aac26b4f5fe.jpg" title="McGill University" alt="McGill University"><figcaption>The McGill Arts Building, completed in 1843 and designed by John Ostell, is the oldest standing building on campus.</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/dfb7b4ea-c8fe-49ac-aa63-9f565e03f557.jpg" title="McGill University Campus" alt="McGill University Campus"><figcaption>The McGill campus was established in 1813 when fur trader James McGill left his estate and an endowment for a college (courtesy Canadian Tourism Commission).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/cd714120-772f-48f3-80df-e6ea0f51bf70.jpg" title="Macdonald Engineering Building" alt="Macdonald Engineering Building"><figcaption>Macdonald Engineering Building, built in 1908, Montreal (photo by Brian Merrett: www.cam.org/~lymerre/archit.html).</figcaption></div></div><div class="bxslider-controls"><a href="#" class="bx-prev">Previous</a><a href="#" class="bx-next">Next</a></div></div> <p> <strong><br> </strong> </p> <h3><strong>History and Emerging Influence</strong></h3> <p> To meet demands for public education, the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning was established in 1801. In 1813, merchant <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/james-mcgill/">James McGill</a> died, leaving his estate outside <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/montreal/">Montréal</a> and an endowment of £10,000 for a college, naming the Royal Institution as trustee. It acquired a charter for "the University of McGill College" in 1821. McGill's heirs contested his will; the trustees, on gaining the estate, adopted in 1829 the Montreal Medical Institution, a teaching arm of the Montreal General Hospital, as the new university's Faculty of Medicine. The litigation surrounding the endowment was finally settled in the trustees' favour, and the nondenominational McGill College was built on the founder's farm. Its Faculty of Arts was established in 1843. </p> <div class="slider"><div class="bxslider"><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ae171a3d-7542-4745-8013-b08068bf08e5.jpg" title="McGill, James" alt="McGill, James"><figcaption>As a philanthropist, the powerful fur trader McGill devoted his wealth to institutions in Montréal, including the university that bears his name (courtesy Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library/T14908).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/992086fa-2712-4644-903e-3ecb9c1c4440.JPG" title="McGill University" alt="McGill University"><figcaption>Statue of James McGill, the founder of McGill University, in Montréal. The statue stands on the downtown campus.</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/5b4dc762-0119-4203-8731-cef6366d724f.jpg" title="Dawson, Sir John William" alt="Dawson, Sir John William"><figcaption>Sir John William Dawson was the first Canadian scientist with a worldwide reputation (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-49822).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/05a2924a-1dbc-4df0-8005-203d8eb23c07.jpg" title="Molson, John" alt="Molson, John"><figcaption>An orphan from Lincolnshire, England, John Molson settled in Montreal in 1782. By 1786, the young entrepreneur had established a small brewery in Montreal that is today one of Canada's oldest companies (National Archives of Canada).</figcaption></div></div><div class="bxslider-controls"><a href="#" class="bx-prev">Previous</a><a href="#" class="bx-next">Next</a></div></div> <p> In 1852, the Royal Institution merged with McGill College. The governors appointed as principal <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/sir-john-william-dawson/">John William Dawson</a>, a young <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nova-scotia/">Nova Scotia</a> geologist, and his driving genius began to build McGill into an internationally renowned institution. His interest in public education led to the establishment of McGill Normal School. He also formulated a scheme for affiliated schools and colleges across Canada that taught the McGill curriculum. Further, he established the tradition of enlisting the sympathies of wealthy benefactors, notably the <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/john-molson/">Molson</a> family, Lord Strathcona (<em>see</em> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/donald-alexander-smith-1st-baron-strathcona-and-mount-royal/">Donald Alexander Smith</a>) and <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/sir-william-christopher-macdonald/">Sir William Macdonald</a>. McGill received minimal public funding until the early 1960s.</p><p><iframe frameborder="0" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/J_03t7N2Ypw" width="640" height="360" class="note-video-clip"></iframe><br></p><p> </p> <p> In 1885, the governors formally adopted the use of the name "McGill University". Dawson's successor, William Peterson, supported McGill's inclination towards the medical, biological and physical sciences. In 1898, he brought <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/ernest-rutherford-baron-rutherford-of-nelson/">Ernest Rutherford</a> from Cambridge University to a full professorship of physics. Peterson encouraged <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/henry-marshall-tory/">Henry Marshall Tory</a> to found McGill College in <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vancouver/">Vancouver</a> (now the <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/university-of-british-columbia/">University of British Columbia</a>). He persuaded Macdonald to found Macdonald College in <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sainte-anne-de-bellevue/">Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue</a> as a constituent of McGill, to further agriculture, food science and teacher training. </p> <div class="slider"><div class="bxslider"><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/2c6ca9b6-8fde-48d1-9535-dca0795b7eda.jpg" title="Hockey Team, 1881" alt="Hockey Team, 1881"><figcaption>McGill University, 1881. The game of hockey as we know it today was developed at McGill in 1875 (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-81739).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b988261e-84da-4dac-a014-0df1f3c05601.jpg" title="Ice Hockey at McGill University, 1884" alt="Ice Hockey at McGill University, 1884"><figcaption>This action photo of the McGill University men's hockey team was taken on the McGill campus by Alexander Henderson during the 1884 Winter Carnival Hockey Tournament in Montreal. It is believed to be the earliest known photograph of a hockey game in action.</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/39eb35ae-88b2-4731-8da7-228d2ff5ff7b.jpg" title="McGill University and Mount Royal, Montréal, 1906" alt="McGill University and Mount Royal, Montréal, 1906"></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/2d908d8d-0230-4e7b-bc6e-841f0abcd5b7.jpg" title="McGill String Quartet " alt="McGill String Quartet "><figcaption>The McGill String Quartet rehearses in a barn in Lac Manitou, Quebec, 1939 (public domain).</figcaption></div></div><div class="bxslider-controls"><a href="#" class="bx-prev">Previous</a><a href="#" class="bx-next">Next</a></div></div> <p> During the principalship of <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/sir-arthur-currie/">Sir Arthur Currie</a>, Canada's brilliant <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-world-war-wwi/">First World War</a> corps commander, the McGill graduate school began to share with <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto/">Toronto</a> the development of postgraduate studies in Canada. Medicine remained pre-eminent, with such names in the interwar years as <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/james-bertram-collip/">James Bertram Collip</a> and <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/wilder-penfield/">Wilder Penfield</a>; chemistry was tremendously encouraged by <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/otto-maass/">Otto Maass</a> and physics by <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/john-stuart-foster/">John Stuart Foster</a>. The McGill Social Science Project, begun in 1930 by <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/leonard-marsh/">Leonard Marsh</a>, strongly influenced Canada in the development of the <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/welfare-state/">welfare state</a>. </p> <div class="slider"><div class="bxslider"><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/9a0a96ba-10cb-49e8-98bc-20c7dbecd49d.jpg" title="General Sir Arthur Currie, June, 1917. " alt="General Sir Arthur Currie, June, 1917. "><figcaption>Image: Department of National Defense/Library and Archives Canada/PA-001370.\r\n</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/0a9f70e1-8b68-43d1-886b-006215336887.jpg" title="Penfield, Wilder" alt="Penfield, Wilder"><figcaption>To Penfield the brain and the nervous system represented the most important unexplored field in the whole of science.</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/3397863a-6372-4f8a-ab74-c374b015f1b2.jpg" title="Collip, James Bertram" alt="Collip, James Bertram"><figcaption>James B. Collip worked with Banting and Best on the discovery of insulin (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-37756).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/cc4a8c50-6913-4ed9-aea5-13c768c9a8a8.jpg" title="Dr. Kenneth Allan Caldwell Elliott." alt="Dr. Kenneth Allan Caldwell Elliott."><figcaption>Credit: Venetia Crawford (née Elliott).\r\n</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/66f53b27-b71c-4cdc-b4b6-9c542975a2ba.jpg" title="Scott, Frank" alt="Scott, Frank"><figcaption>Photographed as CCF national chairman at the 1948 convention. Scott was also active in Canada's literary, intellectual and legal life (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/PA-1162815).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d5f0d686-345f-4cd0-96d2-50f4f580f2c5.jpg" title="Stephen Leacock" alt="Stephen Leacock"><figcaption>Leacock was the English-speaking world's best-known humorist in the years 1915-25. Painting by Edwin Holgate (courtesy National Gallery of Canada).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/055f8056-44f9-4871-aaab-65faf8bebc13.jpg" title="Hugh MacLennan in 1947" alt="Hugh MacLennan in 1947"></div></div><div class="bxslider-controls"><a href="#" class="bx-prev">Previous</a><a href="#" class="bx-next">Next</a></div></div> <p> Cyril James, principal from 1940 to 1962, led the fight for federal funding of universities. During his tenure, an immense flood of returning veterans swelled enrolment, which increased from about 3,400 in 1939 to more than 8,000 in 1948. After the war, the range of studies broadened, and now every aspect of human culture is actively studied on campus. <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/stephen-leacock/">Stephen Leacock</a>, <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/hugh-maclennan/">Hugh MacLennan</a> and <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/frank-scott/">Frank Scott</a> brought contributions to humanities and law. In the 1960s and 1970s, McGill survived the "student revolt" and came to terms with the reviving <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nationalisme-francophone-au-quebec/">francophone nationalism</a>. </p> <h3> <strong>Programs</strong></h3> <p> McGill is a constituent of the provincial university network but has considerable freedom in maintaining its tradition of excellence in education and research. The university comprises the School for Continuing Studies, the Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Office (GPSO) and 10 faculties: agricultural and environmental sciences, arts, dentistry, education, engineering, law, management, medicine, music and science. These faculties offer nearly 300 programs of study. The university additionally partners with four teaching hospitals that train more than 1,000 health professionals in total. McGill regularly tops <em>Maclean’s</em> magazine’s university rankings in the Medical Doctoral category. </p> <div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f50d5685-4a29-488d-8242-d7ac4c247def.JPG" title="McGill Arctic Research Station" alt="McGill Arctic Research Station"><figcaption>McGill Arctic Research Station, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut. </figcaption></div> <h3> <strong>Influence</strong></h3> <p> Prominent alumni include: <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/leonard-cohen/">Leonard Cohen</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/william-shatner/">William Shatner</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/irving-layton/">Irving Layton</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/hume-cronyn/">Hume Cronyn</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/saul-john-ralston/">John Ralson Saul</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/charles-taylor/">Charles Taylor</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/maureen-forrester/">Maureen Forrester</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/madeleine-parent/">Madeleine Parent</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/hubert-reeves/">Hubert Reeves</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dryden-kenneth-ken-wayne/">Ken Dryden</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/james-naismith/">James Naismith</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/maude-abbott/">Maude Abbott</a>; <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/carrie-derick/">Carrie Derick</a>; former <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/prime-minister/">prime ministers</a> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/sir-wilfrid-laurier/">Sir Wilfrid Laurier</a> and <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/sir-john-abbott/">Sir John Abbott</a>; and prime minister <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/justin-trudeau/">Justin Trudeau</a>. In 2016, McGill celebrated its 140th Rhodes Scholar and counted<strong> </strong>12 Nobel Prize winners among its<strong> </strong>faculty and alumni. </p> <div class="slider"><div class="bxslider"><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a265e0b6-e833-4ee3-a885-4d68778eb8db.jpg" title="Sir Wilfrid Laurier" alt="Sir Wilfrid Laurier"><figcaption>Wilfrid Laurier, as an MP in 1874</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/dc217e0a-855e-4fc7-9e1e-527dfd70d67a.jpg" title="Maude Abbott, pathologist " alt="Maude Abbott, pathologist "><figcaption>Though world famous, Abbott was never promoted beyond the rank of assistant professor at McGill, where she taught (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-9479).</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a88e9a86-f569-46b3-b383-b3f02658c14d.jpg" title="Madeleine Parent" alt="Madeleine Parent"></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c16f6b99-0260-43a6-bb14-f6f988358489.jpg" title="Leonard Cohen in Budapest" alt="Leonard Cohen in Budapest"><figcaption>Leonard Cohen performs on stage at Sportarena on August 31, 2009 in Budapest, Hungary.</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d089d6cb-ca79-4028-a894-cf832ae6ffd5.jpg" title="william shatner" alt="william shatner"><figcaption>william shatner became famous for his role as captain kirk in the original <em>Star Trek</em> television series. (Courtesy William Shatner)</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/thumbnails/4b4e2cfc-07f0-47a6-8570-7c0326a3ae21.jpg" data-url="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7c848c04-8e1f-43a0-919a-dff90036be1e.jpg" data="{"url": "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7c848c04-8e1f-43a0-919a-dff90036be1e.jpg", "pk": 2542, "model": "core.media", "content_class": "image", "fields": {"source_fr": null, "source_en": null, "caption_fr": "La magnifique voix de contralto de Maureen Forrester lui a valu de nombreuses distinctions au cours de sa carrière exceptionnelle (photo de Sussi Dorrell). Pour entendre un extrait de son interprétation de l" \u00ab="" ombra="" mai="" fu="" \u00bb="" de="" handel,="" cliquez="" sur="" le="" bouton="" son="" (enregistré="" avec="" vienna="" radio="" orchestra="" la="" permission="" société="" radio-canada).",="" "title_en":="" "forrester,="" maureen",="" "caption_en":="" "forrester's="" rich="" contralto="" voice="" has="" brought="" her="" many="" honours="" in="" a="" distinguished="" career="" (photo="" by="" sussi="" dorrell).="" the="" music="" is="" an="" excerpt="" from="" handel's="" \"ombra="" fu\"="" (recorded="" with="" orchestra,="" courtesy="" cbc).",="" "title_fr":="" maureen"}'="" title="" alt=""></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a7113eb3-7019-4a30-b222-54290e4fa409.jpg" title="John Ralston Saul" alt="John Ralston Saul"><figcaption>Writer, thinker and activist John Ralston Saul.</figcaption></div><div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/298af2b2-5c3c-4c24-9ba8-a342e77c195e.jpg" title="Justin Trudeau" alt="Justin Trudeau"><figcaption>Justin Trudeau speaks in Stratford, PEI in April 2015.</figcaption></div></div><div class="bxslider-controls"><a href="#" class="bx-prev">Previous</a><a href="#" class="bx-next">Next</a></div></div> <p> Its motto is <em>Grandescunt Aucta Labore</em> ("By work, all things increase and grow") and its official colour is red. In the 2016–17 academic year, McGill had an enrolment of approximately 40,000 full- and part-time students. </p> </div> </div> <div id="def" class="article-content-body hide"></div> </div> <div id="article-definitions"> <definitions route="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/json/define" id="mcgill-university"></definitions> </div> <div class="article-widget widget-adsense"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:468px;height:60px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3964766461879185" data-ad-slot="1946780682"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </article> </main> <div id="modal-overlay" class="overlay"></div> <div id="article-image" class="article-img-modal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="article-modal-title"> <button class="article-img-modal__close" aria-label="close image modal"></button> <div id="js-article-modal-image" class="article-img-modal__container"> <div class="image-container"> <img class="article-img-modal__img" src="" alt=""> </div> <div class="text-container"> <span role="heading" aria-level="3" id="article-modal-title" class="article-img-modal__title"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__description"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__creator"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-grid article-related"> <div id="furtherreading" class="article-related-two-column main-grid__content--wide"> <h3 class="article-related-two-column__title">Further Reading</h3> <ul class="article-related-two-column__list"> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> Stanley B Frost, <em>The History of McGill in Relation to the Social, Economic and Cultural Aspects of Montreal and Quebec</em> (1979), <em>McGill University: For the Advancement of Learning, </em>2. Vol (1980 and 1984) and <em>The Man in the Ivory Tower: F. Cyril James of McGill </em>(1991). </p> <p> Margaret Gillett, <em>We Walked Very Warily: A History of Women at McGill</em> (1981). </p> <p> Brian Young, <em>The Making and the Unmaking of a University Museum: The McCord, 1921-1996</em> (2000). </p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="article-related-two-column main-grid__content--wide"> <h3 class="article-related-two-column__title">External Links</h3> <ul class="article-related-two-column__list"> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://www.universityaffairs.ca/"><strong>University Affairs</strong>The University Affairs magazine takes you inside Canada's universities with the latest news, people on the move, book reviews, provocative opinion, research highlights and in-depth articles on a wide range of topics of interest to faculty, administrators and graduate students.</a> </p></li> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://cac.mcgill.ca/home/cover.htm"><strong>Canadian Architecture Collection</strong>Many of Canada's finest buildings are on view at the website from the Archives of the McGill School of Architecture.</a> </p></li> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://www.mcgill.ca/"><strong>McGill University</strong>The official website for McGill University.</a> </p></li> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://www.mcgill.ca/archives/"><strong>McGill History Portal </strong>The Electronic Gateway to McGill's Past.</a> </p></li> </ul> </div>   <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 id="recommended" class="callouts-layout__title">Recommended</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mkultra" > Montreal MKULTRA Experiments </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div 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