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baseball</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre of professional baseball in the United States and Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Independent baseball leagues</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1993</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">No. of teams</th><td class="infobox-data">82</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data">United States <br />Canada</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>independent baseball league</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball" title="Professional baseball">professional baseball</a> league in the United States or Canada that is not overseen by <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> or its affiliated <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> system (historically referred to as <a href="/wiki/Organized_baseball" title="Organized baseball">organized baseball</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independent leagues have flourished in northeastern states, where dense populations can often support multiple <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports_league_organization" title="Professional sports league organization">franchises</a>. Because they are not subject to the territorial limitations imposed on affiliated minor-league teams, independent clubs can relocate as close to affiliated teams (and one another) as they choose to. For example, the city of <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, cannot have an affiliated team because of its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg_Senators" title="Harrisburg Senators">Harrisburg Senators</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reading_Fightin_Phils" title="Reading Fightin Phils">Reading Fightin Phils</a>, leaving the Atlantic League to place a team—the <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Barnstormers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancaster Barnstormers">Lancaster Barnstormers</a>—to fill the void. Another example is the greater New York City metropolitan area, where there are many independent teams: the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Ducks" title="Long Island Ducks">Long Island Ducks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_FerryHawks" title="Staten Island FerryHawks">Staten Island FerryHawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Jackals" title="New Jersey Jackals">New Jersey Jackals</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Boulders" title="New York Boulders">New York Boulders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County_Miners" title="Sussex County Miners">Sussex County Miners</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League</a> considered as the top level of competition among the independent leagues,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has had more marquee players than any other independent league, including <a href="/wiki/Jose_Canseco" title="Jose Canseco">Jose Canseco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mat_Latos" title="Mat Latos">Mat Latos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Lombardozzi_Jr." title="Steve Lombardozzi Jr.">Steve Lombardozzi Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(Venezuelan_pitcher)" title="Francisco Rodríguez (Venezuelan pitcher)">Francisco Rodríguez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chien-Ming_Wang" title="Chien-Ming Wang">Chien-Ming Wang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Clemens" title="Roger Clemens">Roger Clemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rich_Hill_(pitcher)" title="Rich Hill (pitcher)">Rich Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Kazmir" title="Scott Kazmir">Scott Kazmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(baseball)" title="Juan González (baseball)">Juan González</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Rocker" title="John Rocker">John Rocker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dontrelle_Willis" title="Dontrelle Willis">Dontrelle Willis</a>. Two former Atlantic League players are in the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Raines" title="Tim Raines">Tim Raines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rickey_Henderson" title="Rickey Henderson">Rickey Henderson</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gary_Carter" title="Gary Carter">Gary Carter</a>, another Hall of Famer, managed in the league. The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League</a> has had many notable managers and coaches, including <a href="/wiki/Wally_Backman" title="Wally Backman">Wally Backman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Viola" title="Frank Viola">Frank Viola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_John" title="Tommy John">Tommy John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparky_Lyle" title="Sparky Lyle">Sparky Lyle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bud_Harrelson" title="Bud Harrelson">Bud Harrelson</a>. The Northern League alumni include <a href="/wiki/Leon_Durham" title="Leon Durham">Leon "Bull" Durham</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._D._Drew" title="J. D. Drew">J. D. Drew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Darryl_Strawberry" title="Darryl Strawberry">Darryl Strawberry</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_baseball_league&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haymarket_park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Haymarket_park.JPG/220px-Haymarket_park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Haymarket_park.JPG/330px-Haymarket_park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Haymarket_park.JPG/440px-Haymarket_park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Park" title="Haymarket Park">Haymarket Park</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Saltdogs" title="Lincoln Saltdogs">Lincoln Saltdogs</a>, an independent baseball team in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Independent leagues are those professional leagues in the United States and Canada not under the purview of organized Minor League Baseball and the Commissioner of Baseball. Independent baseball existed in the early 20th century and has become prominent again since 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leagues operated mostly autonomously before 1902, when the majority joined the NAPBL. From then until 1915, a total of eight new and existing leagues remained independent. Most joined the National Association after one season of independence. Notable exceptions were the <a href="/wiki/California_League" title="California League">California League</a>, which was independent in 1902 and from 1907 to 1909; the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Baseball_League" title="United States Baseball League">United States Baseball League</a>, which folded during its independent 1912 season; and the Colonial League, a National Association Member that went independent in 1915 and then folded.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraus44_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraus44-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another independent league, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a>, played at a level considered major league from 1914 to 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Few independent leagues existed between 1915 and 1993. Major exceptions included the <a href="/wiki/Carolina_League_(1936%E2%80%9338)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina League (1936–38)">Carolina League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Provincial_League_(baseball)" title="Provincial League (baseball)">Provincial League</a>. The Carolina League, based in the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a> region, gained a reputation as a notorious "outlaw league" during its existence from 1936 to 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Provincial League fielded six teams across Quebec and was independent from 1948 to 1949. Similarly to early 20th-century independent leagues, it joined the National Association in 1950, playing for six more years.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraus44_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraus44-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independent leagues saw new growth after 1992, after the new Professional Baseball Agreement in organized baseball instituted more stringent revenue and stadium requirements on members.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(baseball,_1993%E2%80%932010)" title="Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)">Northern League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a> both started play in 1993, and the Northern League's success paved the way for other independent <a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">leagues</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Central_Baseball_League" title="Central Baseball League">Texas-Louisiana League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian-American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball">Northeast League</a>. Over the next eight years, at least 16 independent leagues formed, of which six existed in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraus44_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraus44-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2024 season, there are seven active leagues, with four of them acting as <a href="/wiki/MLB_Partner_Leagues" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Partner Leagues">MLB Partner Leagues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, Major League Baseball co-operatively operates the <a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a>, which operates as an amateur <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_summer_baseball" title="Collegiate summer baseball">collegiate summer baseball</a> league in the first half of each season and a professional league outside of the structure of Minor League Baseball for the remainder.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_leagues">Current leagues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_baseball_league&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current leagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Overview of current independent baseball leagues </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Affiliation </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">First season </th> <th scope="col">Teams </th> <th scope="col">Geographical area </th></tr> <tr> <td>MLB Showcase<br />League </td> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a> </th> <td align="center">2021 </td> <td align="center">6 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">MLB Partner<br />Leagues </td> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association of Professional Baseball</a> </th> <td align="center">2006 </td> <td align="center">12 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League of Professional Baseball</a> </th> <td align="center">1998 </td> <td align="center">10 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a> </th> <td align="center">1993 </td> <td align="center">18 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast United States">Northeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer Baseball League</a> </th> <td align="center">1939 </td> <td align="center">12 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Northern Mountain States</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Independent </td> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Empire_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Empire Professional Baseball League">Empire Professional Baseball League</a> </th> <td align="center">2016 </td> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pecos_League" title="Pecos League">Pecos League</a> </th> <td align="center">2011 </td> <td align="center">16 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Southern Mountain States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="center"><a href="/wiki/United_Shore_Professional_Baseball_League" title="United Shore Professional Baseball League">United Shore Professional Baseball League</a> </th> <td align="center">2016 </td> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Michigan" title="Utica, Michigan">Utica, Michigan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="top:34.807%;left:86.948%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ducks"><img alt="Ducks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/6px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/9px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Ducks" title="Long Island Ducks">Ducks</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.311%;left:80.195%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Flying Boxcars"><img alt="Flying Boxcars" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County_Miners" title="Sussex County Miners">Miners</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.547%;left:85.044%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aigles"><img alt="Aigles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/9px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Martinez_Sturgeon" title="Martinez Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.777%;left:5.474%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pacifics"><img alt="Pacifics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/6px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/9px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Pacifics" title="San Rafael Pacifics">Pacifics</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.508%;left:6.038%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Seaweed"><img alt="Seaweed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/6px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/9px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Vallejo_Seaweed" title="Vallejo Seaweed">Seaweed</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.485%;left:7.693%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Drakes"><img alt="Drakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/6px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/9px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Marysville_Drakes" title="Marysville Drakes">Drakes</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.887%;left:36.146%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bills"><img alt="Bills" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/6px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/9px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecos_Bills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecos Bills (page does not exist)">Bills</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.458%;left:42.247%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="80s"><img alt="80s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/6px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/9px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/North_Platte_80s" title="North Platte 80s">80s</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.742%;left:84.537%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thunderbirds"><img alt="Thunderbirds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/6px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/9px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_Thunderbirds" title="Plattsburgh Thunderbirds">Thunderbirds</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.347%;left:83.719%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Surge"><img alt="Surge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/6px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/9px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saranac_Lake_Surge" title="Saranac Lake Surge">Surge</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.867%;left:83.273%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Riverpigs"><img alt="Riverpigs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/6px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/9px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Tupper_Lake_Riverpigs" title="Tupper Lake Riverpigs">Riverpigs</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.647%;left:83.23%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Border Hounds"><img alt="Border Hounds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/6px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/9px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Malone_Border_Hounds" title="Malone Border Hounds">Border Hounds</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.295%;left:70.601%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="USPBL"><img alt="USPBL" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/6px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/9px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/United_Shore_Professional_Baseball_League" title="United Shore Professional Baseball League">USPBL</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.906%;left:80.799%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Keys"><img alt="Keys" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/6px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/9px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/12px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Keys" title="Frederick Keys">Keys</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.283%;left:74.682%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Scrappers"><img alt="Scrappers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/6px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/9px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/12px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_Scrappers" title="Mahoning Valley Scrappers">Scrappers</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.359%;left:79.51%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spikes"><img alt="Spikes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/6px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/9px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/12px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/State_College_Spikes" title="State College Spikes">Spikes</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.765%;left:84.748%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thunder"><img alt="Thunder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/6px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/9px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/12px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Thunder" title="Trenton Thunder">Thunder</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.406%;left:76.472%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Black Bears"><img alt="Black Bears" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/6px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/9px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/12px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Black_Bears" title="West Virginia Black Bears">Black Bears</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.476%;left:80.61%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Crosscutters"><img alt="Crosscutters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/6px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/9px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/12px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Williamsport_Crosscutters" title="Williamsport Crosscutters">Crosscutters</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" title="File:Usa edcp location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Independent baseball league teams <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> American Association</li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Atlantic League</li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Frontier League</li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Pioneer League</li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orange_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/8px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/16px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Pecos League</li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyan_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Empire League</li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> United Shore League <small>(4 teams play in one stadium)</small></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pink_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/8px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/12px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/16px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> MLB Draft League</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defunct_leagues">Defunct leagues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_baseball_league&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Defunct leagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Overview of former independent baseball leagues </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">First season </th> <th scope="col">Last season </th> <th scope="col">Geographical area </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/All-American_Association" title="All-American Association">All-American Association</a> </th> <td>2001 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Arizona%E2%80%93Mexico_League" title="Arizona–Mexico League">Arizona–Mexico League</a> </th> <td>2003 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_League_(1995)" title="Atlantic Coast League (1995)">Atlantic Coast League</a> </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Big_South_League" title="Big South League">Big South League</a> </th> <td>1996 </td> <td>1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball">Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball</a> </th> <td>2005 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Baseball_League" title="Canadian Baseball League">Canadian Baseball League</a> </th> <td>2003 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Canada </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Carolina_League_(1936%E2%80%931938)" title="Carolina League (1936–1938)">Carolina League</a> </th> <td>1936 </td> <td>1938 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a> region </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Central_Baseball_League" title="Central Baseball League">Central Baseball League</a> </th> <td>1994 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Baseball_League" title="Continental Baseball League">Continental Baseball League</a> </th> <td>2007 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Empire_State_League_(1987)" title="Empire State League (1987)">Empire State League</a> </th> <td>1987 </td> <td>1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Pro_Baseball_League" title="Freedom Pro Baseball League">Freedom Pro Baseball League</a> </th> <td>2012 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Baseball_League" title="Golden Baseball League">Golden Baseball League</a> </th> <td>2005 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Golden_State_League" title="Golden State League">Golden State League</a> </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Great_Central_League" title="Great Central League">Great Central League</a> </th> <td>1994 </td> <td>1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Heartland_League" title="Heartland League">Heartland League</a> </th> <td>1996 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_League" title="Inter-American League">Inter-American League</a> </th> <td>1978 </td> <td>1979 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mid-America_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-America League">Mid-America League</a> </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Mount Rainier Professional Baseball League">Mount Rainier Professional Baseball League</a> </th> <td>2015 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_League" title="North Atlantic League">North Atlantic League</a> </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/North_American_League_(baseball)" title="North American League (baseball)">North American League</a> </th> <td>2011 </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">North Central League </th> <td>1994 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Baseball_League" title="North Country Baseball League">North Country Baseball League</a> </th> <td>2015 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_League" title="Northeast League">Northeast League</a> </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(baseball,_1993%E2%80%932010)" title="Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)">Northern League</a> </th> <td>1993 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Association" title="Pacific Association">Pacific Association</a> </th> <td>2013 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Prairie_League" title="Prairie League">Prairie League</a> </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_League" title="South Coast League">South Coast League</a> </th> <td>2007 </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_League" title="Southeastern League">Southeastern League</a> </th> <td>2002 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Southwest Baseball League </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Thoroughbred Baseball League </th> <td>2017 </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/United_League_Baseball" title="United League Baseball">United League Baseball</a> </th> <td>2006 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Western_Baseball_League" title="Western Baseball League">Western Baseball League</a> </th> <td>1995 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific States">Pacific States</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_of_North_America">Outside of North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_baseball_league&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Outside of North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:502px"><div style="position:relative;width:500px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Independent baseball league is located in Japan"><img 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exist)">Bears</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.586%;left:47.218%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grandserows"><img alt="Grandserows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/6px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/9px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Shinano_Grandserows" title="Shinano Grandserows">Grandserows</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.891%;left:49.691%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firewinds"><img alt="Firewinds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/6px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/9px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamanashi_Firewinds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamanashi Firewinds (page does not exist)">Firewinds</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.891%;left:42.653%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thunderbirds"><img alt="Thunderbirds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Toyama_Thunderbirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyama Thunderbirds">Thunderbirds</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.712%;left:39.99%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Stars"><img alt="Stars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Million_Stars" title="Ishikawa Million Stars">Stars</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg" title="File:Japan location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Map of independent baseball leagues and teams in Japan <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Island_League_Plus" title="Shikoku Island League Plus">Shikoku Island League Plus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Challenge_League" title="Baseball Challenge League">Baseball Challenge League</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihonkai_League_Baseball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihonkai League Baseball (page does not exist)">Nihonkai League Baseball</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Independent baseball leagues and teams exist outside of North America, though rarer. </p><p>In Japan, the Japan Independent Baseball League Organization, which consists of the <a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Island_League_Plus" title="Shikoku Island League Plus">Shikoku Island League Plus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Challenge_League" title="Baseball Challenge League">Baseball Challenge League</a>, operates independently from <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> (NPB).<sup id="cite_ref-JapanBall_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JapanBall-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan also has a variety of independent semi-professional leagues consisting of <a href="/wiki/Works_team#Baseball" title="Works team">industrial teams</a>, where the players are regular employees of the company that own the team and are additionally paid to play baseball for the company on the side.<sup id="cite_ref-JapanBall_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JapanBall-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Korea also has series of small independent leagues.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, as of 2024, two Japanese teams without affiliation to NPB teams play within NPB's minor leagues (the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Eastern League (Japanese baseball)">Eastern League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Western League (Japanese baseball)">Western League</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-JapanBall_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JapanBall-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, within <a href="/wiki/KBO_Futures_League" title="KBO Futures League">KBO Futures League</a>, the minor league of <a href="/wiki/KBO_League" title="KBO League">Korea Baseball Organization</a> (KBO), there is an <a href="/wiki/Sangmu_Phoenix_(baseball)" title="Sangmu Phoenix (baseball)">unaffiliated team that consists only of South Korean military personnel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A select number of Japanese independent teams also participate in the off-season <a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_Phoenix_League" title="Miyazaki Phoenix League">Miyazaki Phoenix League</a> alongside Japanese and Korean minor league teams. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Overview of Japanese independent baseball leagues </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">First season </th> <th scope="col">Teams </th> <th scope="col">Geographical area </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Island_League_Plus" title="Shikoku Island League Plus">Shikoku Island League Plus</a> </th> <td>2005 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Challenge_League" title="Baseball Challenge League">Baseball Challenge League</a> </th> <td>2006 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABbu_region" title="Chūbu region">Chūbu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihonkai_League_Baseball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihonkai League Baseball (page does not exist)">Nihonkai League Baseball</a> </th> <td>2022 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABbu_region" title="Chūbu region">Chūbu</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_baseball_league&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues#Baseball" title="List of professional sports leagues">List of professional baseball leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_teams_in_Canada" title="List of baseball teams in Canada">List of baseball teams in Canada</a> (including leagues)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_baseball_league&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flobaseball.tv/articles/11424769-what-is-independent-baseball">"What Is Independent Baseball?"</a>. <i>FloBaseball</i>. 10 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FloBaseball&rft.atitle=What+Is+Independent+Baseball%3F&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flobaseball.tv%2Farticles%2F11424769-what-is-independent-baseball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indyballisland.com/indy-ball-101/">"Indy Ball 101"</a>. <i>IndyBallIsland.com</i>. 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndyBallIsland.com&rft.atitle=Indy+Ball+101&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findyballisland.com%2Findy-ball-101%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraus2012" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Rebecca S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joF28i6QlBMC&q=%22Independent+baseball%22+history&pg=PA43"><i>Minor League Baseball: Community Building Through Hometown Sports</i></a>. Routledge. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0789017567" title="Special:BookSources/978-0789017567"><bdi>978-0789017567</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623120848/http://books.google.com/books?id=joF28i6QlBMC&pg=PA43&dq=%22Independent+baseball%22+history&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-Jt6Ur2oM5CvkAeQj4DQCw&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Independent%20baseball%22%20history&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minor+League+Baseball%3A+Community+Building+Through+Hometown+Sports&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0789017567&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoF28i6QlBMC%26q%3D%2522Independent%2Bbaseball%2522%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kraus44-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kraus44_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kraus44_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kraus44_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraus2012" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Rebecca S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joF28i6QlBMC&q=%22Independent+baseball%22+history&pg=PA43"><i>Minor League Baseball: Community Building Through Hometown Sports</i></a>. Routledge. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0789017567" title="Special:BookSources/978-0789017567"><bdi>978-0789017567</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623120848/http://books.google.com/books?id=joF28i6QlBMC&pg=PA43&dq=%22Independent+baseball%22+history&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-Jt6Ur2oM5CvkAeQj4DQCw&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Independent%20baseball%22%20history&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minor+League+Baseball%3A+Community+Building+Through+Hometown+Sports&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0789017567&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoF28i6QlBMC%26q%3D%2522Independent%2Bbaseball%2522%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorn2015" class="citation web cs1">Thorn, John (May 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/why-is-the-national-association-not-a-major-league-and-other-records-issues-7507e1683b66">"Why Is the National Association Not a Major League … and Other Records Issues"</a>. <i>Our Game</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+Game&rft.atitle=Why+Is+the+National+Association+Not+a+Major+League+%E2%80%A6+and+Other+Records+Issues&rft.date=2015-05-04&rft.aulast=Thorn&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourgame.mlblogs.com%2Fwhy-is-the-national-association-not-a-major-league-and-other-records-issues-7507e1683b66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR.G._(Hank)_Utley,_Scott_Verner1999" class="citation book cs1">R.G. (Hank) Utley, Scott Verner (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=59pOCW-1VeQC&q=%22Carolina+League%22"><i>The Independent Carolina Baseball League, 1936–1938: Baseball Outlaws</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786423188" title="Special:BookSources/0786423188"><bdi>0786423188</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505205703/https://books.google.com/books?id=59pOCW-1VeQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Carolina+League%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-8N6UtL6O8eekQfg1oCABQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Carolina%20League%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Independent+Carolina+Baseball+League%2C+1936%E2%80%931938%3A+Baseball+Outlaws&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0786423188&rft.au=R.G.+%28Hank%29+Utley%2C+Scott+Verner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D59pOCW-1VeQC%26q%3D%2522Carolina%2BLeague%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjarkman2005" class="citation book cs1">Bjarkman, Peter C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ASSUFP8rxhMC&q=page&pg=PA78"><i>Diamonds Around the Globe: The Encyclopedia of International Baseball</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 78–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313322686" title="Special:BookSources/0313322686"><bdi>0313322686</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629093230/http://books.google.com/books?id=ASSUFP8rxhMC&pg=PA78&dq=%22Quebec+Provincial+League%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pJt7Uv3OG4S3kQfMg4GICw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=page&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diamonds+Around+the+Globe%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+International+Baseball&rft.pages=78-79&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0313322686&rft.aulast=Bjarkman&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DASSUFP8rxhMC%26q%3Dpage%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraus2012" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Rebecca S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joF28i6QlBMC&q=%22Independent+baseball%22+history&pg=PA43"><i>Minor League Baseball: Community Building Through Hometown Sports</i></a>. Routledge. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0789017567" title="Special:BookSources/978-0789017567"><bdi>978-0789017567</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623120848/http://books.google.com/books?id=joF28i6QlBMC&pg=PA43&dq=%22Independent+baseball%22+history&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-Jt6Ur2oM5CvkAeQj4DQCw&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Independent%20baseball%22%20history&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minor+League+Baseball%3A+Community+Building+Through+Hometown+Sports&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0789017567&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoF28i6QlBMC%26q%3D%2522Independent%2Bbaseball%2522%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/glossary/miscellaneous/partner-leagues">"Partner Leagues"</a>. <i>MLB</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB&rft.atitle=Partner+Leagues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fglossary%2Fmiscellaneous%2Fpartner-leagues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlbdraftleague.com/about/faq">"2024 MLB Draft League Informational FAQ"</a>. MLB Draft League<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+MLB+Draft+League+Informational+FAQ&rft.pub=MLB+Draft+League&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlbdraftleague.com%2Fabout%2Ffaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JapanBall-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JapanBall_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JapanBall_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JapanBall_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarasawa2024" class="citation web cs1">Karasawa, Yuri (March 31, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japanball.com/japanese-baseball-introduction/what-is-minor-league-baseball-in-japan-like/">"What is Minor League Baseball in Japan Like?"</a>. <i>JapanBall.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JapanBall.com&rft.atitle=What+is+Minor+League+Baseball+in+Japan+Like%3F&rft.date=2024-03-31&rft.aulast=Karasawa&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapanball.com%2Fjapanese-baseball-introduction%2Fwhat-is-minor-league-baseball-in-japan-like%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKang2017" class="citation news cs1">Kang, Hyun-kyung (April 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/sports/2024/09/600_227056.html">"Independent baseball club helps players get second chance in KBO League"</a>. <i>The Korea Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Times&rft.atitle=Independent+baseball+club+helps+players+get+second+chance+in+KBO+League&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Hyun-kyung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fsports%2F2024%2F09%2F600_227056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimPark2019" class="citation news cs1">Kim, Hyo-Kyung; Park, So-Young (April 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2019/04/16/Baseball/Military-service-looms-over-KBO/3061916.html">"Military service looms over KBO"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Korea_JoongAng_Daily" title="Korea JoongAng Daily">Korea JoongAng Daily</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korea+JoongAng+Daily&rft.atitle=Military+service+looms+over+KBO&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyo-Kyung&rft.au=Park%2C+So-Young&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkoreajoongangdaily.joins.com%2F2019%2F04%2F16%2FBaseball%2FMilitary-service-looms-over-KBO%2F3061916.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependent+baseball+league" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_baseball_league&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independentbaseball.net">IndependentBaseball.net</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Professional_Baseball" title="Template:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_Baseball" title="Template talk:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_baseball_leagues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues#Baseball" title="List of professional sports leagues">Professional baseball leagues</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Americas"><b>Americas</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Double-A_(baseball)" title="Double-A (baseball)">Double-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(1938%E2%80%93present)" title="Eastern League (1938–present)">Eastern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_League_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Southern League (1964–present)">Southern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_League" title="Texas League">Texas League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/High-A" title="High-A">High-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_League" title="Midwest League">Midwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_League" title="Northwest League">Northwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_League" title="South Atlantic League">South Atlantic League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Single-A" title="Single-A">Single-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_League" title="California League">California League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_League" title="Carolina League">Carolina League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_State_League" title="Florida State League">Florida State League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball#Rookie" title="Minor League Baseball">Rookie</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Complex_League" title="Arizona Complex League">Arizona Complex League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League" title="Dominican Summer League">Dominican Summer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Complex_League" title="Florida Complex League">Florida Complex League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB Partner Leagues</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Non-partnered leagues</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Series" title="Cuban National Series">Cuban National Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_National_Championship_AA_League" title="Curaçao National Championship AA League">Curaçao AA League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Empire Professional Baseball League">Empire League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_League" title="Mexican League">Mexican League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Norte_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Liga Norte de México">Liga Norte de México</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_League" title="Pecos League">Pecos League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Shore_Professional_Baseball_League" title="United Shore Professional Baseball League">United Shore League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Major_League" title="Venezuelan Major League">Venezuelan Major League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pro_Baseball_League" title="Women's Pro Baseball League">Women's Pro Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_league_baseball" title="Winter league baseball">Off-season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-affiliated</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Fall_League" title="Arizona Fall League">Arizona Fall League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Dominican Professional Baseball League">Dominican Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Pacific_League" title="Mexican Pacific League">Mexican Pacific League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_de_B%C3%A9isbol_Profesional_Roberto_Clemente" title="Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente">Puerto Rico Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Venezuelan Professional Baseball League">Venezuelan Professional Baseball League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Paralela_de_B%C3%A9isbol_en_Venezuela" title="Liga Paralela de Béisbol en Venezuela">Liga Paralela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Independent</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Baseball_League" title="Argentine Baseball League">Argentine Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Colombian Professional Baseball League">Colombian Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Elite_League" title="Cuban Elite League">Cuban Elite League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Curaçao Professional Baseball League">Curaçao Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League">Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Panamanian Professional Baseball League">Panamanian Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Invernal_Veracruzana" title="Liga Invernal Veracruzana">Veracruz Winter League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-recognized</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(1882%E2%80%931891)" title="American Association (1882–1891)">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Players%27_League" title="Players' League">Players' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association">Union Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Other major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-American_Girls_Professional_Baseball_League" title="All-American Girls Professional Baseball League">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_League" title="Continental League">Continental League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_League" title="Cuban League">Cuban League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Professional Base Ball Players">National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Baseball_League" title="United States Baseball League">United States Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_minor_baseball_leagues_in_the_United_States" title="List of defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States">List of defunct minor leagues</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Asia"><b>Asia</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Baseball_League" title="China National Baseball League">China National Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct_major" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Defunct major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Baseball_League" title="Israel Baseball League">Israel Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_League" title="Central League">Central League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_League" title="Pacific League">Pacific League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Eastern League (Japanese baseball)">Eastern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Western League (Japanese baseball)">Western League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Off-season</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_Phoenix_League" title="Miyazaki Phoenix League">Miyazaki Phoenix League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Independent</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Challenge_League" title="Baseball Challenge League">Baseball Challenge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Island_League_Plus" title="Shikoku Island League Plus">Shikoku Island League Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Women's</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Women%27s_Baseball_League" title="Japan Women's Baseball League">Japan Women's Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBO_League" title="KBO League">KBO League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBO_Futures_League" title="KBO Futures League">KBO Futures League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Defunct major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Major_League" title="Taiwan Major League">Taiwan Major League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Europe"><b>Europe</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Italy and San Marino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baseball_League" title="Italian Baseball League">Italian Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Hoofdklasse" title="Honkbal Hoofdklasse">Honkbal Hoofdklasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Overgangsklasse" title="Honkbal Overgangsklasse">Honkbal Overgangsklasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Rookie</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Rookie_League" title="Honkbal Rookie League">Honkbal Rookie League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Oceania"><b>Oceania</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="MLB-affiliated:" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-affiliated:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League" title="Australian Baseball League">Australian Baseball League</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Inter-league"><b>Inter-league</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Professional_Baseball_Championship" title="Asia Professional Baseball Championship">Asia Professional Baseball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Winter_Baseball_League" title="Asia Winter Baseball League">Asia Winter Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Series" title="Caribbean Series">Caribbean Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Series" title="Latin American Series">Latin American Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple-A_National_Championship_Game" title="Triple-A National Championship Game">Triple-A National Championship Game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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