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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scala_Pauling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Scala Pauling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scala_Pauling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scala_Mulliken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scala_Mulliken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Scala Mulliken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scala_Mulliken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valorile_electronegativității" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valorile_electronegativității"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Valorile electronegativității</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valorile_electronegativității-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Electronegativitate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 77 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiwiteit" title="Elektronegatiwiteit – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektronegatiwiteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatividat" title="Electronegatividat – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Electronegatividat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كهرسلبية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كهرسلبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كهروسلبية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كهروسلبية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativid%C3%A1" title="Electronegatividá – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Electronegatividá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%AB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Электр тиҫкәрелек – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Электр тиҫкәрелек" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Электраадмоўнасць – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электраадмоўнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електроотрицателност – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електроотрицателност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%8B%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="তড়িৎ ঋণাত্মকতা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তড়িৎ ঋণাত্মকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativitat" title="Electronegativitat – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electronegativitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektronegativita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Электронегативлăх – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электронегативлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatifedd" title="Electronegatifedd – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Electronegatifedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektronegativität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiwita" title="Elektronegatiwita – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Elektronegatiwita" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ηλεκτραρνητικότητα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτραρνητικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electronegativity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativeco" title="Elektronegativeco – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektronegativeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatividad" title="Electronegatividad – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electronegatividad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiivsus" title="Elektronegatiivsus – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektronegatiivsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatibotasun" title="Elektronegatibotasun – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elektronegatibotasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletronegativi%C3%A1" title="Eletronegativiá – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Eletronegativiá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="الکترونگاتیوی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترونگاتیوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiivisuus" title="Elektronegatiivisuus – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elektronegatiivisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électronégativité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leictridhi%C3%BAltacht" title="Leictridhiúltacht – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leictridhiúltacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatividade" title="Electronegatividade – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Electronegatividade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אלקטרושליליות – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקטרושליליות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="विद्युत्-ऋणात्मकता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत्-ऋणात्मकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektwonegativite" title="Elektwonegativite – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elektwonegativite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A1s" title="Elektronegativitás – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektronegativitás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էլեկտրաբացասականություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրաբացասականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elektronegativitas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettronegativit%C3%A0" title="Elettronegatività – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elettronegatività" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E9%99%B0%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%A6" title="電気陰性度 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電気陰性度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ელექტროუარყოფითობა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტროუარყოფითობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Электртерістілік – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электртерістілік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ವಿದ್ಯುದೃಣತ್ವ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುದೃಣತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" title="전기 음성도 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전기 음성도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletrunegativit%C3%A0" title="Eletrunegatività – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eletrunegatività" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroneigiamumas" title="Elektroneigiamumas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektroneigiamumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C4%81te" title="Elektronegativitāte – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektronegativitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електронегативност – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електронегативност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%A4" title="വിദ്യുത് ഋണത – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിദ്യുത് ഋണത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цахилгаан сөрөг чанар – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан сөрөг чанар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelektronegatifan" title="Keelektronegatifan – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keelektronegatifan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အီလက်ထရောနစ် ဆွဲငင်အား – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီလက်ထရောနစ် ဆွဲငင်အား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektronegativität" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativiteit" title="Elektronegativiteit – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektronegativiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativitat" title="Electronegativitat – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Electronegativitat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Elektroujemność – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektroujemność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="الیکٹرونیگیٹیوٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیکٹرونیگیٹیوٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletronegatividade" title="Eletronegatividade – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eletronegatividade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Электроотрицательность – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электроотрицательность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electronegativity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektronegativita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativiteti" title="Elektronegativiteti – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elektronegativiteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електронегативност – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електронегативност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="மின்னெதிர்த்தன்மை – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னெதிர்த்தன்மை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5" title="อิเล็กโตรเนกาทิวิตี – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิเล็กโตรเนกาทิวิตี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiflik" title="Elektronegatiflik – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektronegatiflik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Електронегативність – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електронегативність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="برقی منفیت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی منفیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrmanfiylik" title="Elektrmanfiylik – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektrmanfiylik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_%C3%A2m_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Độ âm điện – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ âm điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatibidad" title="Elektronegatibidad – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elektronegatibidad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%87%E5%BA%A6" title="鲍林标度 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲍林标度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电负性" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%B2%A0%E5%BA%A6" title="電負度 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電負度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q78974#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p><b>Electronegativitatea</b> este o mărime a atracției pe care un <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> o are față de <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electroni</a> într-o <a href="/wiki/Legatura_covalenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Legatura covalenta">legătură covalentă</a>. </p><p><b>Electronegativitatea</b> reprezintă capacitatea unui atom de a atrage spre el electronii unei legături pe care o formează într-o combinație chimică. Se constată: halogenii au cele mai mari valori ale electronegativității, metalele alcaline au cele mai mici valori si există elemente care au aceleași valori pentru electronegativitate. </p><p>Electronegativitatea variază în grupe și perioade: - crește în grupă de jos în sus - crește în perioadă de la grupa IA la grupa VIIA. Diferența dintre valorile electronegativității a două elemente care formează o combinație dă informații despre tipul de legătura care se realizează. Cu cât diferența de electronegativitate este mai mare, cu atât legătura chimică este mai puternică. </p><p>Există două scale ale electronegativității în folosință: scala Pauling (propusă în <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>) și <a href="/wiki/Scala_Mulliken" class="mw-redirect" title="Scala Mulliken">scala Mulliken</a> (propusă în <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>). Există și o așa-numită <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scala_Allred-Rochow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scala Allred-Rochow — pagină inexistentă">scală Allred-Rochow</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scala_Pauling">Scala Pauling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Scala Pauling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Scala Pauling"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Scala Pauling</b> este cea mai răspândită și mai pregnantă scară de valori ale electronegativității, dezvoltată inițial de <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> în <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>. Pe această scală, cel mai electronegativ <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">element chimic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluorul</a>) are <a href="/wiki/Valoare_(matematic%C4%83)" title="Valoare (matematică)">valoarea</a> 4,0 , în timp ce cel mai puțin electronegativ element (<a href="/wiki/Franciu" title="Franciu">franciu</a>) are valoarea 0.7. Celelalte elemente au primit valori intermediare. Elementele din <a href="/wiki/Perioadele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioadele tabelului periodic">perioada</a> a doua a <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">tabelului periodic</a> au valori rotunde : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu">Li</a> : 1.0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">Be</a> : 1.5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">B</a> : 2.0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> : 2.5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">N</a> : 3.0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">O</a> : 3.5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> : 4.0</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scala_Mulliken">Scala Mulliken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Scala Mulliken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Scala Mulliken"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pe scala Mulliken, numere sunt obținute prin medierea <a href="/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_de_ionizare" class="mw-redirect" title="Potențial de ionizare">potențialului de ionizare</a> și <a href="/wiki/Afinitate_pentru_electroni" title="Afinitate pentru electroni">afinității pentru electroni</a>. În consecință, electronegativitățiile Mulliken sunt exprimate direct în unități de <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a>, de obicei <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volți</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Valorile_electronegativității"><span id="Valorile_electronegativit.C4.83.C8.9Bii"></span>Valorile electronegativității</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Valorile electronegativității" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Valorile electronegativității"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fiecare <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">element</a> are o electronegativitate caracteristică, de la 0 la 4 pe scala Pauling. Un element puternic electronegativ, ca și <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluorul</a>, are o electronegativitate apropiată de 4 în timp ce elementele slab electronegative, ca și <a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu">litiul</a>, primesc valori apropiate de 1. Legăturile dintre atomii cu o diferență mare de electronegativitate (mai mare sau egală cu 2,0 pe scala Pauling) sunt considerate în general a fi de tip <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_ionic%C4%83" title="Legătură ionică">ionic</a>, în timp ce valorile între 2,0 și 0,4 sunt considerate a se referi la <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_covalent%C4%83" title="Legătură covalentă">legături covalente</a> polare. Valorile sub 0,4 se consideră în general a fi <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_covalent%C4%83" title="Legătură covalentă">legături covalente</a> nepolare. </p><p>Electronegativitatea crește de jos în sus, în grupă, și de la stânga la dreapta, în perioadă, cum se vede mai jos. În paralel, <a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Rază atomică">raza atomică</a> creste de la stânga la dreapta, în timp ce <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_de_ionizarea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie de ionizarea — pagină inexistentă">energia de ionizare</a> scade. </p> <div style="text-align:center"> <table width="80%"> <tbody><tr align="CENTER"> <th colspan="20">→ <a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Rază atomică">Raza atomică</a> descrește → <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">Energia de ionizare</a> crește → Electronegativitatea crește → </th></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupele tabelului periodic"><b>Grupă</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin"><b>I A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino-p%C4%83m%C3%A2ntos" title="Metal alcalino-pământos"><b>II A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_a_III-a_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei a III-a B — pagină inexistentă"><b>III B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_a_IV-a_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei a IV-a B — pagină inexistentă"><b>IV B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_a_V-a_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei a V-a B — pagină inexistentă"><b>V B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_a_VI-a_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei a VI-a B — pagină inexistentă"><b>VI B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_a_VII-a_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei a VII-a B — pagină inexistentă"><b>VII B</b></a> </td> <td>~ </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_a_VIII-a_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei a VIII-a B — pagină inexistentă"><b>VIII B</b></a> </td> <td>~</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_I_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei I B — pagină inexistentă"><b>I B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_grupei_a_II-a_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele grupei a II-a B — pagină inexistentă"><b>II B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupa_Bromului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupa Bromului — pagină inexistentă"><b>III A</b></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupa_Carbonului" title="Grupa Carbonului"><b>IV A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupa_Azotului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupa Azotului — pagină inexistentă"><b>V A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcogeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcogeni — pagină inexistentă"><b>VI A</b></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogeni"><b>VII A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_rar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaz rar — pagină inexistentă"><b>VIII A</b></a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/Perioadele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioadele tabelului periodic"><b>Perioadă</b></a> </td> <td colspan="19"> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/Elementele_perioadei_1" title="Elementele perioadei 1"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8500"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><br />2.1 </td> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">He</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_perioadei_a_2-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele perioadei a 2-a — pagină inexistentă"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd200"><a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu">Li</a><br />1.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffaf00"><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">Be</a><br />1.5 </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">B</a><br />2.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6900"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a><br />2.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4600"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">N</a><br />3.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff2300"><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">O</a><br />3.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff0000"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a><br />4.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_perioadei_a_3-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele perioadei a 3-a — pagină inexistentă"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd900"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">Na</a><br />0.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc400"><a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu">Mg</a><br />1.2 </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffaf00"><a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">Al</a><br />1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu">Si</a><br />1.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8500"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a><br />2.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6900"><a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">S</a><br />2.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4600"><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">Cl</a><br />3.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_perioadei_a_4-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele perioadei a 4-a — pagină inexistentă"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">K</a><br />0.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd200"><a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">Ca</a><br />1.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbd00"><a href="/wiki/Scandiu" title="Scandiu">Sc</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffaf00"><a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">Ti</a><br />1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa800"><a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu">V</a><br />1.6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa800"><a href="/wiki/Crom" title="Crom">Cr</a><br />1.6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffaf00"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a><br />1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">Fe</a><br />1.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel">Ni</a><br />1.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru">Cu</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa800"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a><br />1.6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa800"><a href="/wiki/Galiu" title="Galiu">Ga</a><br />1.6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu">Ge</a><br />1.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a><br />2.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7000"><a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">Se</a><br />2.4 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff5400"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a><br />2.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_perioadei_a_V-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele perioadei a V-a — pagină inexistentă"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu">Rb</a><br />0.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd200"><a href="/wiki/Stron%C8%9Biu" title="Stronțiu">Sr</a><br />1.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc400"><a href="/wiki/Ytriu" title="Ytriu">Y</a><br />1.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb600"><a href="/wiki/Zirconiu" title="Zirconiu">Zr</a><br />1.4 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa800"><a href="/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu">Nb</a><br />1.6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a><br />1.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Tehne%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehnețiu">Tc</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu">Ru</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu">Rh</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Paladiu" title="Paladiu">Pd</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">Ag</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa100"><a href="/wiki/Cadmiu" title="Cadmiu">Cd</a><br />1.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa100"><a href="/wiki/Indiu" title="Indiu">In</a><br />1.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Staniu" title="Staniu">Sn</a><br />1.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Stibiu" title="Stibiu">Sb</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8500"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Te</a><br />2.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6900"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a><br />2.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementele_perioadei_a_6-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementele perioadei a 6-a — pagină inexistentă"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe700"><a href="/wiki/Cesiu" title="Cesiu">Cs</a><br />0.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd900"><a href="/wiki/Bariu" title="Bariu">Ba</a><br />0.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lute%C8%9Biu" title="Lutețiu">Lu</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbd00"><a href="/wiki/Hafniu" title="Hafniu">Hf</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffaf00"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a><br />1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa100"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a><br />1.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Reniu" title="Reniu">Re</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu">Os</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Iridiu" title="Iridiu">Ir</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Platin%C4%83" title="Platină">Pt</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7000"><a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">Au</a><br />2.4 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">Hg</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Taliu" title="Taliu">Tl</a><br />1.8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Plumb" title="Plumb">Pb</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9300"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu">Po</a><br />2.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Astatiniu" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatiniu">At</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_7_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 7 element — pagină inexistentă"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe700"><a href="/wiki/Franciu" title="Franciu">Fr</a><br />0.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd900"><a href="/wiki/Radiu" title="Radiu">Ra</a><br />0.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Actiniu" title="Actiniu">Ac</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lawren%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrențiu">Lr</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordiu" title="Rutherfordiu">Rf</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Dubniu" title="Dubniu">Db</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgiu" title="Seaborgiu">Sg</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Bohriu" title="Bohriu">Bh</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Hassiu" title="Hassiu">Hs</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Meitneriu" title="Meitneriu">Mt</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtiu" title="Darmstadtiu">Ds</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeniu" title="Roentgeniu">Rg</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Coperniciu" title="Coperniciu">Cn</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Ununtriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtriu">Uut</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Ununquadiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununquadiu">Uuq</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentiu">Uup</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Ununhexiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununhexiu">Uuh</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptiu">Uus</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctiu">Uuo</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan="20"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul periodic</a> al electronegativității folosind <a href="/wiki/Scala_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Scala Pauling">scala Pauling</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a>, <i>Chimie generală</i>, București, 1971</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul periodic al elementelor</a> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&oldid=15855174">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronegativitate&oldid=15855174</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a 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