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Squeeze bore - Wikipedia

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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Historical squeeze bore example:</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:75_mm_PaK_41fort_nelson2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/75_mm_PaK_41fort_nelson2010.JPG/288px-75_mm_PaK_41fort_nelson2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="288" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/75_mm_PaK_41fort_nelson2010.JPG/432px-75_mm_PaK_41fort_nelson2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/75_mm_PaK_41fort_nelson2010.JPG/576px-75_mm_PaK_41fort_nelson2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2183" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_41" title="7.5 cm Pak 41">7.5 cm Pak 41</a> squeeze bore gun</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:APBCT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/APBCT.jpg/288px-APBCT.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/APBCT.jpg/432px-APBCT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/APBCT.jpg/576px-APBCT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="597" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_41" title="7.5 cm Pak 41">7.5 cm Pak 41</a> flange-projectiles.<br />Left: <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_composite_non-rigid" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing composite non-rigid">Armor-piercing composite non-rigid</a> (APCNR)<br />Right: <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing">Armor-piercing</a> (AP)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>squeeze bore</b>, alternatively <b>taper-bore</b>, <b>cone barrel</b> or <b>conical barrel</b>, is a weapon where the internal <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrel</a> diameter progressively decreases towards the <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (firearms)">muzzle</a> resulting in a reduced final internal diameter. These weapons are used in conjunction with special <a href="/wiki/Sub-caliber_ammunition" title="Sub-caliber ammunition">sub-caliber ammunition</a> where the projectile is fitted with soft-metal <a href="/wiki/Flange" title="Flange">flanges</a> which fills out the caliber.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As the projectile travels through the squeeze bore the flanges fold inwards, resulting in a reduced caliber round with an increased velocity compared to a traditional full-caliber round.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squeeze_bore&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Squeezebore_Diagram_Example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Squeezebore_Diagram_Example.png/500px-Squeezebore_Diagram_Example.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Squeezebore_Diagram_Example.png/750px-Squeezebore_Diagram_Example.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Squeezebore_Diagram_Example.png/1000px-Squeezebore_Diagram_Example.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the squeeze bore concept</figcaption></figure> <p>A squeeze bore utilizes the energy of the <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> to squeeze the diameter of the <a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shell</a> down, increasing penetration and velocity significantly. This process also meant high chamber pressure and low barrel service life.<sup id="cite_ref-FW9_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FW9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For example, the service life of a squeeze bore <a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_41" title="7.5 cm Pak 41">7.5 cm Pak 41</a> could be as low as 1000 rounds compared to 5000-7000 rounds for the <a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_39" title="7.5 cm Pak 39">7.5 cm Pak 39 (L/48)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The diameter of a fired shell could decrease as much as 40% from .50 caliber to .30 caliber (achieved in a version of the <a href="/wiki/M2_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 machine gun">M2 machine gun</a>). Rather than squeezing solid shot, this is accomplished through a hardened penetrator core (<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> for example) and a softer outer jacket (<a href="/wiki/Aluminium_alloy" title="Aluminium alloy">aluminium alloy</a>) forming flanges or wings. This outer jacket was crushed as the projectile left the barrel.<sup id="cite_ref-FW17_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FW17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WeaponsMan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeaponsMan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The squeeze bore concept typically was used in anti-tank guns before the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">shaped charges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FW17_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FW17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Later, the perfection of <a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing_discarding_sabot" title="Armour-piercing discarding sabot">discarding sabot ammo</a>, which is based on the same concept of using a larger caliber barrel to fire a smaller caliber projectile at high-speed, negated the need for the squeeze bore concept.<sup id="cite_ref-FW9_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FW9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_usage">History and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squeeze_bore&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerlich_Squeeze_Bore_Patent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gerlich_Squeeze_Bore_Patent.jpg/170px-Gerlich_Squeeze_Bore_Patent.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gerlich_Squeeze_Bore_Patent.jpg/255px-Gerlich_Squeeze_Bore_Patent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gerlich_Squeeze_Bore_Patent.jpg/340px-Gerlich_Squeeze_Bore_Patent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>The original patent filed by Hermann Gerlich in 1932<sup id="cite_ref-FPO_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FPO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The squeeze bore concept was first patented by German Karl Puff in 1903, even though the general principle was known already in 19th century and used in <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_gun" title="Armstrong gun">Armstrong guns</a>. Later, Hermann Gerlich in the 1920s and 1930s experimented with the concept resulting in an experimental 7cm anti-tank rifle with a 1,800&#160;m/s (5,900&#160;ft/s). This led to the squeeze bore concept sometimes being called the "<b>Gerlich principle</b>". </p><p>Between 1939-40, <a href="/wiki/Mauser" title="Mauser">Mauser-Werk AG</a> produced the 2.8&#160;cm sPzB 41 and <a href="/wiki/Krupp" title="Krupp">Krupp</a> (in 1941) produced the 7.5&#160;cm Pak 41. These were eventually discontinued due to the lack of tungsten and manufacturing complexity for the ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-FW9_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FW9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other uses of the squeeze bore include the British <a href="/wiki/Littlejohn_adaptor" title="Littlejohn adaptor">Littlejohn adaptor</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_6-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 6-pounder">QF 6-pounder</a> adapter and a version of the M2 machine gun produced during WW2.<sup id="cite_ref-WeaponsMan_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeaponsMan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Squeezing down from 40mm to 30mm, 57mm to 42.6mm, and .50 caliber to .30 caliber respectively. The Littlejohn adapter was used to extend the service life of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_2-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 2-pounder">QF 2-pounder</a> and was designed by <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Jane%C4%8Dek" title="František Janeček">František Janeček</a> whose anglicized name gave the Littlejohn its designation. The QF 6-pounder adapter was never adopted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squeeze_bore&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_Sicily_1943_NA4961.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2.8 cm sPzB 41 squeeze-bore anti-tank gun captured by British forces in Sicily 1943."><img alt="2.8 cm sPzB 41 squeeze-bore anti-tank gun captured by British forces in Sicily 1943." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_British_Army_in_Sicily_1943_NA4961.jpg/120px-The_British_Army_in_Sicily_1943_NA4961.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_British_Army_in_Sicily_1943_NA4961.jpg/180px-The_British_Army_in_Sicily_1943_NA4961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_British_Army_in_Sicily_1943_NA4961.jpg/240px-The_British_Army_in_Sicily_1943_NA4961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="793" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/2.8_cm_sPzB_41" title="2.8 cm sPzB 41">2.8 cm sPzB 41</a> squeeze-bore anti-tank gun captured by British forces in Sicily 1943.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armata_przeciwpancerna_Pak_41_kal_42_mm_na_ulicy_w%C5%82oskiego_miasta_(2-2100).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="4.2 cm Pak 41 light squeeze-bore anti-tank gun in Italy 1943."><img alt="4.2 cm Pak 41 light squeeze-bore anti-tank gun in Italy 1943." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Armata_przeciwpancerna_Pak_41_kal_42_mm_na_ulicy_w%C5%82oskiego_miasta_%282-2100%29.jpg/120px-Armata_przeciwpancerna_Pak_41_kal_42_mm_na_ulicy_w%C5%82oskiego_miasta_%282-2100%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Armata_przeciwpancerna_Pak_41_kal_42_mm_na_ulicy_w%C5%82oskiego_miasta_%282-2100%29.jpg/180px-Armata_przeciwpancerna_Pak_41_kal_42_mm_na_ulicy_w%C5%82oskiego_miasta_%282-2100%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Armata_przeciwpancerna_Pak_41_kal_42_mm_na_ulicy_w%C5%82oskiego_miasta_%282-2100%29.jpg/240px-Armata_przeciwpancerna_Pak_41_kal_42_mm_na_ulicy_w%C5%82oskiego_miasta_%282-2100%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2457" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/4.2_cm_Pak_41" title="4.2 cm Pak 41">4.2 cm Pak 41</a> light squeeze-bore anti-tank gun in Italy 1943.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_10,5_cm_squeeze_bore.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A German 10 cm schwere Kanone 18 with an 8,8 cm squeeze-bore adapter attached to the muzzle.[1]"><img alt="A German 10 cm schwere Kanone 18 with an 8,8 cm squeeze-bore adapter attached to the muzzle.[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/German_10%2C5_cm_squeeze_bore.png/120px-German_10%2C5_cm_squeeze_bore.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/German_10%2C5_cm_squeeze_bore.png/180px-German_10%2C5_cm_squeeze_bore.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/German_10%2C5_cm_squeeze_bore.png/240px-German_10%2C5_cm_squeeze_bore.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A German <a href="/wiki/10_cm_schwere_Kanone_18" title="10 cm schwere Kanone 18">10 cm schwere Kanone 18</a> with an 8,8 cm squeeze-bore adapter attached to the muzzle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanks_and_Afvs_of_the_British_Army_1939-45_KID4781.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Mk VII Tetrarch Mk I with a squeeze-bore Littlejohn adaptor."><img alt="A Mk VII Tetrarch Mk I with a squeeze-bore Littlejohn adaptor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tanks_and_Afvs_of_the_British_Army_1939-45_KID4781.jpg/120px-Tanks_and_Afvs_of_the_British_Army_1939-45_KID4781.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tanks_and_Afvs_of_the_British_Army_1939-45_KID4781.jpg/180px-Tanks_and_Afvs_of_the_British_Army_1939-45_KID4781.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tanks_and_Afvs_of_the_British_Army_1939-45_KID4781.jpg/240px-Tanks_and_Afvs_of_the_British_Army_1939-45_KID4781.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="639" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Tetrarch_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrarch tank">Mk VII Tetrarch Mk I</a> with a squeeze-bore <a href="/wiki/Littlejohn_adaptor" title="Littlejohn adaptor">Littlejohn adaptor</a>. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squeeze_bore&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choke_(firearms)" title="Choke (firearms)">Choke (firearms)</a></li></ul> <p><b>Squeeze bore artillery</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2.8_cm_sPzB_41" title="2.8 cm sPzB 41">2.8 cm sPzB 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4.2_cm_Pak_41" title="4.2 cm Pak 41">4.2 cm Pak 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_41" title="7.5 cm Pak 41">7.5 cm Pak 41</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squeeze_bore&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRollof1953" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rollof, Yngve (1953). "Artillerimaterielens utvecklingstendenser under senaste decenniet" &#91;The development tendencies of artillery materials during the last decade&#93;. <i>Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet</i> &#91;<i>Journal of the Maritime Administration</i>&#93; (in Swedish). <b>116</b>: 421–451, 481–513. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-6945">0040-6945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Tidskrift+i+Sj%C3%B6v%C3%A4sendet&amp;rft.atitle=Artillerimaterielens+utvecklingstendenser+under+senaste+decenniet&amp;rft.volume=116&amp;rft.pages=421-451%2C+481-513&amp;rft.date=1953&amp;rft.issn=0040-6945&amp;rft.aulast=Rollof&amp;rft.aufirst=Yngve&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASqueeze+bore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FW9-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FW9_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FW9_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FW9_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCollum2017" class="citation web cs1">McCollum, Ian (18 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-udMSKJL74">"Q&amp;A #9: Gas Impingement, Reading List, Squeeze-Bores, and More!"</a>. <i>Forgotten Weapons</i>. Youtube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/y-udMSKJL74">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Weapons&amp;rft.atitle=Q%26A+%239%3A+Gas+Impingement%2C+Reading+List%2C+Squeeze-Bores%2C+and+More%21&amp;rft.date=2017-02-18&amp;rft.aulast=McCollum&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dy-udMSKJL74&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASqueeze+bore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkerstjerne" class="citation web cs1">Ankerstjerne, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://panzerworld.com/anti-tank-ammunition#armor-piercing-composite-non-rigid">"Anti-tank Ammunition Types"</a>. <i>panzerworld.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=panzerworld.com&amp;rft.atitle=Anti-tank+Ammunition+Types&amp;rft.aulast=Ankerstjerne&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpanzerworld.com%2Fanti-tank-ammunition%23armor-piercing-composite-non-rigid&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASqueeze+bore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FW17-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FW17_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FW17_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCollum2018" class="citation web cs1">McCollum, Ian (24 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08XhdWX_AN4">"Q&amp;A #17: Bullpups, Stocked Pistols, Delayed Blowback, and More!"</a>. <i>Forgotten Weapons</i>. Youtube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/08XhdWX_AN4">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Weapons&amp;rft.atitle=Q%26A+%2317%3A+Bullpups%2C+Stocked+Pistols%2C+Delayed+Blowback%2C+and+More%21&amp;rft.date=2018-04-24&amp;rft.aulast=McCollum&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D08XhdWX_AN4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASqueeze+bore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WeaponsMan-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WeaponsMan_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WeaponsMan_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weaponsman.com/?p=21443">"Exotic Barrels Part 1: Squeeze Bores | WeaponsMan"</a>. <i>weaponsman.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.freepatentsonline.com&amp;rft.atitle=Projectile&amp;rft.aulast=Gerlich&amp;rft.aufirst=Hermann&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepatentsonline.com%2F1944885.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASqueeze+bore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shootingwithhobie.blogspot.com/2011/01/squeeze-bore.html">"Squeeze Bore"</a>. <i>Shooting with Hobie</i>. 12 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Shooting+with+Hobie&amp;rft.atitle=Squeeze+Bore&amp;rft.date=2011-01-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshootingwithhobie.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F01%2Fsqueeze-bore.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASqueeze+bore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.2016" class="citation web cs1">S., Rusty (20 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/05/20/mausers-high-tech-antitank-gun-2-8cm-spzb-41/">"Mauser's high-tech antitank gun: the 2.8cm sPzB 41 - The Firearm Blog"</a>. <i>The Firearm Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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