CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>计算物理学 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"6fe2033e-954d-4794-bcbf-40a4e9584378","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"计算物理学","wgTitle":"计算物理学","wgCurRevisionId":82392371,"wgRevisionId":82392371,"wgArticleId":158105,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","含有英語的條目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","计算物理学","物理学分支","计算科学"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"计算物理学","wgRelevantArticleId":158105,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia" ,"wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q909554","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font": "ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp", "ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="956"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="637"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="510"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="计算物理学 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-计算物理学 rootpage-计算物理学 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-背景-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关背景子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-物理学中的地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理学中的地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>物理学中的地位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理学中的地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-问题与挑战" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#问题与挑战"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>问题与挑战</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-问题与挑战-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方法与算法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方法与算法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>方法与算法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方法与算法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分支与交叉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分支与交叉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>分支与交叉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分支与交叉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应用软件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应用软件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>应用软件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-应用软件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">计算物理学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。36种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="فيزياء محوسبة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء محوسبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesablama_fizikas%C4%B1" title="Hesablama fizikası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hesablama fizikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পরিগণনামূলক পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরিগণনামূলক পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_computacional" title="Física computacional – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física computacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шутлавла физика – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шутлавла физика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerfysik" title="Computerfysik – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Computerfysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerphysik" title="Computerphysik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Computerphysik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Υπολογιστική φυσική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπολογιστική φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_physics" title="Computational physics – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computational physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_computacional" title="Física computacional – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física computacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="فیزیک محاسباتی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک محاسباتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laskennallinen_fysiikka" title="Laskennallinen fysiikka – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laskennallinen fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique_num%C3%A9rique" title="Physique numérique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physique numérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פיזיקה חישובית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקה חישובית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभिकलनात्मक भौतिकी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभिकलनात्मक भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Հաշվողական ֆիզիկա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաշվողական ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_komputasi" title="Fisika komputasi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisika komputasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica_computazionale" title="Fisica computazionale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisica computazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="計算物理学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="計算物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="계산물리학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계산물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടേഷനൽ ഫിസിക്സ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടേഷനൽ ഫിസിക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тооцооллын физик – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тооцооллын физик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerieke_natuurkunde" title="Numerieke natuurkunde – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Numerieke natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka_komputerowa" title="Fizyka komputerowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka komputerowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="محاسباتي فزیک – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محاسباتي فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_computacional" title="Física computacional – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física computacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вычислительная физика – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вычислительная физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_fyzika" title="Počítačová fyzika – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Počítačová fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ber%C3%A4kningsfysik" title="Beräkningsfysik – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beräkningsfysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisikang_pangkomputasyon" title="Pisikang pangkomputasyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisikang pangkomputasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesaplamal%C4%B1_fizik" title="Hesaplamalı fizik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hesaplamalı fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обчислювальна фізика – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обчислювальна фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisoblash_fizikasi" title="Hisoblash fizikasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hisoblash fizikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_t%C3%ADnh_to%C3%A1n" title="Vật lý tính toán – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý tính toán" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_pankompyutasyon" title="Fisika pankompyutasyon – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fisika pankompyutasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="運算物理學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="運算物理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q909554#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&oldid=82392371" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&id=82392371&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25AE%25A1%25E7%25AE%2597%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%2590%2586%25E5%25AD%25A6"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25AE%25A1%25E7%25AE%2597%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%2590%2586%25E5%25AD%25A6"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Computational_physics" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q909554" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-40b63bc3" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-40b63bc3" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Math"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div></div> <p><b>計算物理學</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Computational physics</span>）是研究如何使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">數值方法</a>分析可以量化的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a>問題的学科<sup id="cite_ref-ThijssenBook_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThijssenBook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。历史上，计算物理学是计算机的第一项应用；目前计算物理学被视为<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="计算科学">计算科学</a>的分支<sup id="cite_ref-TapiaBook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TapiaBook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>计算物理有时也被视为<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="理论物理">理论物理</a>的分支学科或子问题，但也有人认为计算物理与理论物理与<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="實驗物理">实验物理</a>联系紧密，又相对独立，是物理学第三大分支<sup id="cite_ref-刘金远_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-刘金远-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:150%;padding-top:0.45em;line-height:80%;background:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a><br /><span style="font-size:small;">系列条目</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg/260px-Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="223" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="形式科學">形式科學</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑">逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学">数学</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="数理逻辑">数理逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="数理统计学">数理统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="理論計算機科學">理論計算機科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="博弈論">博弈論</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="物質科學">物理科學</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="經典物理學">經典物理學</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="現代物理學">現代物理學</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="应用物理学">应用物理学</a></i></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理论物理学">理论物理学</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗物理學">實驗物理學</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">计算物理学</a></i></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="力学">力学</a> <div class="hlist nowrap"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">经典力学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="连续介质力学">连续介质力学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体力学">流体力学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="固体力学">固体力学</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%8F%98%E5%AD%A6" title="流变学">流变学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="狭义相对论">狭义相对论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学">热力学</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="量子场论">量子场论</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" title="量子力學入門">量子力學入門</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="等离子体">等离子体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="弦理論">弦理論</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="酸碱理论">酸碱理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="分析化学">分析化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="环境化学">环境化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学">无机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="核化学">核化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机化学">有机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="固体化学">固体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="超分子化學">超分子化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="绿色化学">绿色化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="理论化学">理论化学</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学">天体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体">晶体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="光化学">光化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="放射化学">放射化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="立体化学">立体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="表面科学">表面科学</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学">气象学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="大地测量学">大地测量学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="火山学">火山学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="古生態學">古生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E7%B2%89%E5%AD%A6" title="孢粉学">孢粉学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理學</a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="空间科学">空间科学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学">宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="銀河系天文學">銀河系天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="行星科学">行星科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="行星地質學">行星地質學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="生命科學">生命科學</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="解剖学">解剖学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物心理学">生物心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学">细胞生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B8%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="低温生物学">低温生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="发育生物学">发育生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人种生物学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethnobiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人种生物学（页面不存在）">人种生物学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnobiology" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnobiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethnobiology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="动物行为学">动物行为学</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="演化生物学">演化生物学</a>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进化论入门" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Introduction to evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%BA%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进化论入门（页面不存在）">介绍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Introduction to evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Introduction to evolution</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="遗传学">遗传学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" title="遗传学入门">遗传学入门</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="老人學">老人學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="免疫学">免疫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋生物学">海洋生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="微生物学">微生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="寄生虫学">寄生虫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">生理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="放射生物學">放射生物學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil biology" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil biology（页面不存在）">土壤生物学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil biology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統分類學">系統分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="毒理学">毒理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="动物学">动物学</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学">社会科学</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史學">歷史學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理学">心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="法学">法学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="國際關係學">國際關係學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="经济学">经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学">教育学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="科學教育">科學教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学">人类学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文地理学</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学">工程学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工业工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%B1%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="運籌學">運籌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机科学">计算机科学</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="計算機工程">計算機工程</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">机器人学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="软件工程">软件工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Web engineering" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Web engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web engineering（页面不存在）">互联网工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Web engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Web engineering</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="机械工程">机械工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空航天工程">航空航天工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="電機工程學">電機工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">核工程</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生物医学工程">生物医学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="矿业工程">矿业工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="农业工程">农业工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="消防工程">消防工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="軍事工程">軍事工程</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="醫療衛生科學">醫療衛生科學</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="兽医学">兽医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="牙醫學">牙醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6" title="流行病学">流行病学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="护理学">护理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="視光學">視光學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Midwifery" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Midwifery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midwifery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midwifery（页面不存在）">助产术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwifery" class="extiw" title="en:Midwifery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Midwifery</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">交叉学科</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%BA" title="科学论">科学论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Scientific modelling" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scientific modelling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_modelling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific modelling（页面不存在）">科学建模</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_modelling" class="extiw" title="en:Scientific modelling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scientific modelling</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Systems science" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Systems science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systems_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systems science（页面不存在）">系统科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_science" class="extiw" title="en:Systems science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Systems science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="认知科学">认知科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="演化心理學">演化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="神经工程">神经工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="计算语言学">计算语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="网络科学">网络科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="神经信息学">神经信息学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Web science" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Web science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web science（页面不存在）">互联网科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_science" class="extiw" title="en:Web science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Web science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="应用物理学">应用物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="复杂系统">复杂系统</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="數理生物學">数学 / 理论生物学</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="生物統計學">生物統計學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生物医学工程">生物医学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%AE%BA" title="控制论">控制论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="城市规划">城市规划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="司法科学">司法科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="军事学">军事学</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Environmental studies" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental studies（页面不存在）">环境研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental studies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Environmental social science" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental social science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_social_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental social science（页面不存在）">环境社会科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_social_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental social science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental social science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物倫理學">生物倫理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E5%AD%A6" title="图书馆学">图书馆学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="文化研究">文化研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="符號學">符號學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ethnic studies" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethnic studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnic studies（页面不存在）">种族研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnic studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethnic studies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="農學">農學</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学哲学</a>　<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学史</a></li></ul></div></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="基础科学">基础科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="公众科学">公众科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="边缘科学">边缘科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Protoscience" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protoscience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protoscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protoscience（页面不存在）">原科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoscience" class="extiw" title="en:Protoscience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protoscience</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="伪科学">伪科学</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A%E6%98%AF%E5%81%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="被認定是偽科學的主題列表">列表</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="学术自由">学术自由</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科学政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Science policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科学政策（页面不存在）">政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Science policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Science policy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科研经费" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Funding of science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E7%BB%8F%E8%B4%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科研经费（页面不存在）">经费</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funding_of_science" class="extiw" title="en:Funding of science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Funding of science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科学方法">科学方法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Technoscience" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technoscience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technoscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technoscience（页面不存在）">技科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoscience" class="extiw" title="en:Technoscience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technoscience</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="垃圾科学">垃圾科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="反科學">反科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="被取代的科學理論">被取代的科學理論</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="display:block;margin-top:0.7em; border-top:1px solid #bbf;padding-top:0.15em;border-bottom:1px solid #bbf;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%BA%B2" title="科学大纲">科学大纲</a>　<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:科學">科學主題</a>　<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:科学">科學分類</a><br /></li></ul> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="WikiProject:科學">专题</a></b>　<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="项目页面"><img alt="项目页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/31px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学史</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;margin-top:0;padding-top:0.15em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:科學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:科學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:科學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在物理學中，要求基于各种数学模型的理论，都能够对这些理论所描述的系统的行为给出精确的描述。不幸的是，很多问题无法得到精确解（即<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="解析解">解析解</a>），或求精确解的过程过于复杂。（比如，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="經典力學">經典力學</a>中的多体问题。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子力學">量子力學</a>中，除少数极端近似的大多数问题。）此时，将会使用数值近似的方法来求解这类问题。计算物理学就是这样一门数值近似的学科，它使用计算有限的计算步数（往往计算量很大）与简单的数学方法（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="算法">算法</a>），利用计算机操作、演算，得到相应的近似解与相应的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%91%E8%AF%AF%E5%B7%AE" title="逼近误差">逼近误差</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-ThijssenBook_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThijssenBook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理学中的地位"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>物理学中的地位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：物理学中的地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>计算物理学在物理学中的地位目前存在着争议<sup id="cite_ref-ercolessi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ercolessi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。有时候它被视作理论物理的重要工具，有时也被看做一种“计算机实验”<sup id="cite_ref-ercolessi_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ercolessi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ，同时也有人将其看作介于理论物理与实验物理之间的第三条物理学分支。考虑到计算机也同时被应用于记录实验数据并进行相应分析，它也可能不应被单纯地归类为计算科学。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="问题与挑战"><span id=".E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98.E4.B8.8E.E6.8C.91.E6.88.98"></span>问题与挑战</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：问题与挑战"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>即使使用了计算物理方法，物理问题也时常难以求解。这通常由如下几个（数学）原因造成：缺少相应算法、无法对数值解进行相应分析、复杂度过高和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C" title="混沌">混沌</a>现象。比如，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="斯塔克效应">斯塔克效应</a>现象中电子波函数的求解（量子力学中，当原子处在强<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="电场">电场</a>时，电子行为会发生相应变化），将需要一套很复杂的算法才能求解（目前只能求解其中的一部分情况）；有些问题，则必须使用暴力计算或者<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="計算複雜性理論">时间空间复杂度</a>很高的算法，比如一些复杂方程的求解和图形化方法。有时也会需要使用数学中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%8A%A8%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="摄动理论">摄动理论</a>（如量子力学中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%93%BE%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96_(%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8)" title="微擾理論 (量子力學)">微扰理论</a>）进行近似求解，比如上面提到的斯塔克效应。 </p><p>此外，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>中很多问题的解是<a href="/wiki/EXPTIME" title="EXPTIME">指数形式</a>的，其数值解也会相应地发生指数暴增；此外，宏观系统往往包含10<sup>23</sup>数量级巨大的分子数目，也提高了模拟计算的难度。<sup id="cite_ref-Sauer1997_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sauer1997-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>最后，很多物理系统本质上是非线性的，甚至是混沌的。这也使得我们难以确定计算机得到的“解”是否是由数值近似带来的逼近误差本身造成的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方法与算法"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95.E4.B8.8E.E7.AE.97.E6.B3.95"></span>方法与算法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：方法与算法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于计算物理学可以研究的问题十分广泛，人们通常按照其解决的数学问题或使用的数学方法来分类，一般可归类如下： </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>数学问题 </th> <th>算法或方法举例 </th> <th>物理问题举例 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86" title="微分">微分</a>的计算 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86" title="數值微分">数值微分</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="積分">積分</a>的計算 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="数值积分">数值积分</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙特卡罗方法">蒙特卡洛积分</a> </td> <td>求<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="质心">质心</a>位置、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="叠加原理">场的叠加</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>求<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="函数">函数</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%80%BC" title="极值">极值</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D%E6%B3%95" title="梯度下降法">最速下降法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E9%80%80%E7%81%AB" title="模拟退火">模拟退火算法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="遗传算法">遗传算法</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="常微分方程">常微分方程</a>的求解 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E6%A0%BC%EF%BC%8D%E5%BA%93%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="龙格－库塔法">龙格－库塔法</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E5%80%BC%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="初值問題">初值问题</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E9%9D%B6%E6%B3%95" title="打靶法">打靶法</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E5%80%BC%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="边值问题">边值问题</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-刘金远_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-刘金远-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>经典力学中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E4%BD%93%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="刚体运动">刚体运动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%93%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="多体问题">多体问题</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="偏微分方程">偏微分方程</a>的求解 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%86" title="差分">差分</a>法、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%83%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="有限元分析">有限元分析</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伪谱法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pseudo-spectral method"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AA%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伪谱法（页面不存在）">伪谱法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-spectral_method" class="extiw" title="en:Pseudo-spectral method"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pseudo-spectral method</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="波动方程">波动问题</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%82%B3%E5%B0%8E%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="熱傳導方程式">输运问题</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="拉普拉斯方程">静场问题</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="對流">对流问题</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="矩阵">矩阵</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="特征值">特征值</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="特征向量">特征向量</a>的求解 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="矩阵分析">矩阵分析</a>相关方法，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A2%BA%E5%B0%8D%E8%A7%92%E5%8C%96%E6%B3%95" title="精確對角化法">精確對角化法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3%E9%87%8D%E6%95%B4%E5%8C%96%E7%BE%A4" title="密度矩陣重整化群">密度矩陣重整化群</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>系统中<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BF%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6" title="哈密顿算符">能量本征值</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%81%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="本征态">本征态</a>的求解 </td></tr> <tr> <td>大量系列<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="随机事件">随机事件</a>的相互作用 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙特卡罗方法">蒙特卡罗方法</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="分子动力学">分子动力学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="等离子体">等离子体</a>的动力学方程 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>这些方法被用来研究所建模系统的物理特性。 </p><p>计算物理学也时常受到<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="计算化学">计算化学</a>的影响，比如固体物理学家利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E6%B3%9B%E5%87%BD%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="密度泛函理論">密度泛函理论</a>研究固体的物理特性的方式，与化学家研究分子行为的方式基本一致。 </p><p>此外，计算物理学研究也需要相应的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="软件">软件</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="硬件">硬件</a>来支撑，有时会需要超级计算机和高性能运算的相关技术支持。比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">热核聚变</a>的研究中就使用了超级计算机来模拟等离子体行为。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分支与交叉"><span id=".E5.88.86.E6.94.AF.E4.B8.8E.E4.BA.A4.E5.8F.89"></span>分支与交叉</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：分支与交叉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>几乎所有物理学的主要分支都能在计算物理学的应用中找到一席之地，比如<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="计算力学">计算力学</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算电动力学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational electromagnetics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算电动力学（页面不存在）">计算电动力学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_electromagnetics" class="extiw" title="en:Computational electromagnetics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational electromagnetics</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>、计算<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="等离子体">等离子体</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="计算力学">计算力学</a>又由<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="计算流体力学">计算流体力学</a>（CFD）、计算<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="固体力学">固体力学</a>、计算<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="接触力学">接触力学</a>组成。而计算流体力学与计算电动力学又共同促成了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算磁流体力学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational magnetohydrodynamics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A3%81%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算磁流体力学（页面不存在）">计算磁流体力学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_magnetohydrodynamics" class="extiw" title="en:Computational magnetohydrodynamics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational magnetohydrodynamics</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>。量子力学N体问题中，当N趋近于无穷大时就变成了计算化学问题。作为计算物理重要分支的计算固体物理，又直接应用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a>。 </p><p>一个与计算<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="凝聚态">凝聚态</a>物质特性相关的分支叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算统计力学（页面不存在）">计算统计力学</a>，用于解决其他方法难以解决的一些问题（比如渗透过滤、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="分子电流假说">磁旋</a>等）。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="計算天體物理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational astrophysics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="計算天體物理學（页面不存在）">計算天體物理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_astrophysics" class="extiw" title="en:Computational astrophysics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational astrophysics</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，乃是對於天體物理學問題所進行的技術與方法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>主要用於解決計算物理學的問題，應用在物理學不同領域皆，現代物理學研究的重要組成部分。如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="加速器物理學">加速器物理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天體物理學">天體物理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="流體力學">流體力學</a>（含：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="计算流体力学">计算流体力学</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%9C%BA%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="晶体场理论">晶體場理論</a>/<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格点规范理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lattice field theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E7%82%B9%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格点规范理论（页面不存在）">格点规范理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_field_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Lattice field theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lattice field theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（尤其是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格点量子色动力学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lattice quantum chromodynamics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E7%82%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%89%B2%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格点量子色动力学（页面不存在）">格点量子色动力学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_quantum_chromodynamics" class="extiw" title="en:Lattice quantum chromodynamics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lattice quantum chromodynamics</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="電漿">等離子體</a>（見：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="等离子体模拟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plasma modeling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="等离子体模拟（页面不存在）">等离子体模拟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_modeling" class="extiw" title="en:Plasma modeling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plasma modeling</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）、模擬物理系統（應用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="分子动力学">分子動力學</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E9%A2%84%E6%B5%8B" title="蛋白质结构预测">蛋白質結構預測</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固體物理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">軟物質</a>等諸多物理學之領域。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算化學在固体物理学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational chemical methods in solid-state physics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%A8%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算化學在固体物理学（页面不存在）">计算化學在固体物理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_chemical_methods_in_solid-state_physics" class="extiw" title="en:Computational chemical methods in solid-state physics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational chemical methods in solid-state physics</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，例如用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E6%B3%9B%E5%87%BD%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="密度泛函理論">密度泛函理論</a>计算固体的特性，是一种类借助於計算化学理念研究來研究固體分子的物理特性的策略，以及參與其他大量的固體物理學計算。又如电子能带结构和磁性能，电荷密度可以通过这几种方法计算，包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卢京格尔科恩–模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luttinger–Kohn model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E4%BA%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9%E2%80%93%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢京格尔科恩–模型（页面不存在）">卢京格尔科恩–模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luttinger%E2%80%93Kohn_model" class="extiw" title="en:Luttinger–Kohn model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luttinger–Kohn model</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>/<a href="/wiki/K%C2%B7p%E5%BE%AE%E6%89%B0%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="K·p微扰理论">K·p微扰理论</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E5%A4%B4%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="从头计算法">從頭計演算法</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="应用软件"><span id=".E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6"></span>应用软件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：应用软件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>计算物理常用软件主要为<a href="/wiki/Matlab" class="mw-redirect" title="Matlab">Matlab</a>、和<a href="/wiki/Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematica">Mathematica</a>和<a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">Maple</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">数值计算</a>软件，这些软件提供了大量求解常见计算物理问题的工具，供使用者直接应用。常见的高级语言也可以实现相同的计算功能，有时甚至能够更高速完成任务，但这也需要相应的编程技巧与计算物理知识作支撑。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="數學物理">數學物理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一原理計算" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="第一原理計算"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一原理計算（页面不存在）">第一原理計算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97" class="extiw" title="ja:第一原理計算"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">第一原理計算</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="分子动力学">分子動力學</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ThijssenBook-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ThijssenBook_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThijssenBook_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">J. Thijssen, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/computationalphy0000thij">Computational Physics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521833469" title="Special:网络书源/0521833469"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0521833469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=J.+Thijssen%2C+Joseph&rft.btitle=Computational+Physics&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0521833469&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomputationalphy0000thij&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TapiaBook-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TapiaBook_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">A. Tapia, Richard. Computational Science: Tools for a Changing World. Rice Center for Excellence and Equity in Education (CEEE). 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=A.+Tapia&rft.btitle=Computational+Science%3A+Tools+for+a+Changing+World&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Rice+Center+for+Excellence+and+Equity+in+Education+%28CEEE%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-刘金远-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-刘金远_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-刘金远_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《计算物理学》刘金远等科学出版社 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787030347930" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-03-034793-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ercolessi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ercolessi_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ercolessi_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fisica.uniud.it/~ercolessi/md/md/">A molecular dynamics primer,</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150111014856/http://www.fisica.uniud.it/~ercolessi/md/md/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Furio Ercolessi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Udine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Udine（页面不存在）">University of Udine</a>, Italy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fisica.uniud.it/~ercolessi/md/md.pdf">Article PDF</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150924013419/http://www.fisica.uniud.it/~ercolessi/md/md.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sauer1997-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sauer1997_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">How Long Do Numerical Chaotic Solutions Remain Valid?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PhRvL..79...59S"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1997PhRvL..79...59S</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.79.59"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.59</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.atitle=How+Long+Do+Numerical+Chaotic+Solutions+Remain+Valid%3F&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997PhRvL..79...59S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.79.59&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phycomp.technion.ac.il/~C20">C20 IUPAP Commission on Computational Physics</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151115112756/http://phycomp.technion.ac.il/~C20">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/units/dcomp/index.cfm">APS DCOMP</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150111215353/http://www.aps.org/units/dcomp/index.cfm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/comp/index.html">IoP CPG (UK)</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150213081724/http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/comp/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418013304/http://www.scidac.gov/physics/physics.html">SciDAC: Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compadre.org/OSP/">Open Source Physics</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150203045430/http://www.compadre.org/OSP/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obacs.com">SCINET Scientific Software Framework</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171015234714/http://www.obacs.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceee.rice.edu/Books/CS/index.html">萊斯大學查理德中心</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130316114940/http://ceee.rice.edu/Books/CS/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="物理学分支" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template:物理學分支"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template talk:物理學分支"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:物理學分支"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="物理学分支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Category:物理学分支">分支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="物理学史">物理学史</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组成部分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理论物理学">理论物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗物理學">实验物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="应用物理学">应用物理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="運動 (物理學)">运动</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学">热力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="力学">力学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">经典力学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6" title="弹道学">弹道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="拉格朗日力学">拉格朗日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="哈密顿力学">哈密顿</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="连续介质力学">连续介质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="天體力學">天体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体力学">流体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波">波</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%BA_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86)" title="场 (物理)">场</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="电磁学">电磁学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="经典电磁学">经典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="量子场论">量子场论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="相对论">相对论</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="狭义相对论">狭义相对论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按专业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="數碼物理學">數碼物理學</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">计算物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%89%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子分子与光物理学">原子分子與光物理學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="等离子体物理学">等离子体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%A7%82%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="介观物理学">介观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">软</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学">声学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学">光学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="几何光学">几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="物理光学">物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性光学">非线性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="量子光学">量子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="核天体物理学">核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="恒星物理学">恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体粒子物理学">天体粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="空间物理学">空间</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">生命科学中的物理学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业物理学">农业物理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="醫學物理">醫學物理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="激光医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laser medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="激光医学（页面不存在）">激光医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Laser medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laser medicine</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="核医学">核医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">醫學影像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理物理学">心理物理学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">交叉学科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性物理学">非线性物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟物理學">经济物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="化学物理学">化学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="云物理学">云</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤物理學">土壤物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="物理海洋学">物理海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="量子信息科学">量子信息科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="物理教育">物理教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:物理学">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Physics">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:物理学">专题</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="计算机科学的主要领域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:電腦科學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:電腦科學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:電腦科學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="计算机科学的主要领域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机科学">计算机科学</a>的主要领域</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>注：该模板大致遵循<a href="/wiki/ACM_%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="ACM 电脑分类系统">ACM 电脑分类系统</a>。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="计算机硬件">计算机硬件</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E6%9D%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷电路板">印刷电路板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87" title="外部设备">外部设备</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="集成电路">集成电路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="超大规模集成电路">超大规模集成电路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="绿色计算">绿色计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" title="電子設計自動化">電子設計自動化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84" title="系统架构">系统架构</a>组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="计算机系统结构">電腦系統架構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="嵌入式系统">嵌入式系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="实时计算">实时计算</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">网络</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="网络传输协议">网络传输协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="路由">路由</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="网络拓扑">网络拓扑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="网络服务">网络服务</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">软件组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="直譯器">直譯器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6" title="中间件">中间件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" title="虛擬機器">虛擬機器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="软件质量">软件质量</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="程式語言理論">软件符号</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="软件开发工具">工具</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="编程范型">编程范型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="编程语言">编程语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="編譯器">編譯器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="领域特定语言">领域特定语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="軟體框架">軟體框架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="集成开发环境">集成开发环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="软件配置管理">软件配置管理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E5%BC%8F%E5%BA%AB" title="函式庫">函式庫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="软件开发">软件开发</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B" title="软件开发过程">软件开发过程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="需求分析">需求分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="软件设计">软件设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2" title="软件部署">软件部署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7" title="軟體維護">軟體維護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="开源软件">开源模式</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="计算理论">计算理论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="自动机">自动机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%80%A7" title="可计算性">可计算性理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="計算複雜性理論">計算複雜性理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="量子计算机">量子计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">数值计算方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="计算机逻辑">计算机逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="形式语义学">形式语义学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="算法">算法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="算法分析">算法分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="算法设计">算法设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="算法效率">算法效率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="随机化算法">随机化算法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="计算几何">计算几何</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">计算数学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="离散数学">离散数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%8E%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="信息与计算科学">信息与计算科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="数学软件">数学软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="数理逻辑">数理逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%AE%BA" title="集合论">集合论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="数论">数论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%AE%BA" title="图论">图论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%BA" title="类型论">类型论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4%E8%AE%BA" title="范畴论">范畴论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BA" title="信息论">信息论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">数值分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数学分析">数学分析</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="信息系统">信息系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="数据库管理系统">数据库管理系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E5%AD%98%E8%B2%AF%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦數據存貯器">電腦數據</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="企业信息系统（页面不存在）">企业信息系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="社会性软件">社会性软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="地理信息系统">地理信息系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="决策支持系统">决策支持系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="过程控制">过程控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98" title="数据挖掘">数据挖掘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="數位圖書館">數位圖書館</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0" title="系统平台">系统平台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7" title="數位行銷">數位行銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="万维网">万维网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%AA%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="信息檢索">信息檢索</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="计算机安全">安全</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6" title="密码学">密码学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="形式化方法">形式化方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="入侵检测系统">入侵检测系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="网络安全">网络安全</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="信息安全">信息安全</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%BA%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92" title="人机交互">人机交互</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" title="计算机辅助功能">计算机辅助功能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="用户界面">用户界面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%A9%BF%E6%88%B4%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="可穿戴计算机">可穿戴计算机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%82%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="普适计算">普适计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="虚拟现实">虚拟现实</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="聊天機器人">聊天機器人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E6%80%A7" title="并发性">并发性</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="并发计算">并发计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="并行计算">并行计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="分布式计算">分布式计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B" title="多线程">多线程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="多元處理">多元處理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%8E%A8%E7%90%86" title="自动推理">自动推理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="计算语言学">计算语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="计算机视觉">计算机视觉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="进化计算">进化计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="专家系统">专家系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="自然语言处理">自然语言处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">机器人学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="监督学习">監督式學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="無監督學習">無監督學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="强化学习">强化学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E9%A9%97%E8%AD%89" title="交叉驗證">交叉驗證</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机图形学">计算机图形学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" title="计算机动画">计算机动画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="可视化">可视化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93" title="渲染">渲染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%A3%BE%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87" title="修飾照片">修飾照片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="圖形處理器">圖形處理器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="混合现实">混合现实</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="虚拟现实">虚拟现实</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="图像处理">图像处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9" title="图像压缩">图像压缩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93%E9%80%A0%E5%9E%8B" title="实体造型">实体造型</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">应用计算</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1" title="电子商务">电子商务</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%BA%A7%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="企业级软件">企业级软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="计算数学">计算数学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">计算物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="计算化学">计算化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="计算生物学">计算生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="計算社會科學">計算社會科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="医学信息学">医学信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="数字艺术">数字艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="電子出版">電子出版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%88%B0" title="網絡戰">網絡戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="电子游戏">电子游戏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="文字处理器">文字处理器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%B1%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="運籌學">運籌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="教育技术学">教育技术学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="认知科学">认知科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文件管理系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Document management system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文件管理系统（页面不存在）">文件管理系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_management_system" class="extiw" title="en:Document management system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Document management system</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:计算机科学">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Portal:資訊科技">主题</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="WikiProject:电脑和信息技术">专题</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_science" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Computer science">维基共享</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4273564-6">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="počítačová fyzika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph265685&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=计算物理学&oldid=82392371">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=计算物理学&oldid=82392371</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:计算物理学">计算物理学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Category:物理学分支">物理学分支</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:计算科学">计算科学</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年4月25日 (星期四) 10:33。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">计算物理学</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>36种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b9576b97f-wsw2j","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.069","walltime":"1.260","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2441,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":402098,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3901,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":81165,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 839.124 1 -total"," 33.11% 277.875 1 Template:Science"," 19.35% 162.373 3 Template:Sidebar"," 17.40% 146.011 1 Template:Lang-en"," 12.05% 101.125 1 Template:NoteTA"," 10.71% 89.874 1 Template:Authority_control"," 9.17% 76.949 1 Template:Reflist"," 7.97% 66.902 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.97% 66.900 15 Template:Tsl"," 6.86% 57.548 2 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.534","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17594089,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5b65fffc7d-mwb85","timestamp":"20250217095152","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u7269\u7406\u5b66","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q909554","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q909554","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-14T02:58:18Z","dateModified":"2024-04-25T10:33:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dd\/Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>