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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomy and evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy_and_evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy and evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy_and_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Admixture_with_the_African_wild_dog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admixture_with_the_African_wild_dog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Admixture with the African wild dog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admixture_with_the_African_wild_dog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subspecies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subspecies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Subspecies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subspecies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ecology and behaviour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology_and_behaviour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology and behaviour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_and_territorial_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_territorial_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Social and territorial behaviour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_territorial_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Denning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Reproduction and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunting_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Hunting behaviour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feeding_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feeding_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Feeding ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feeding_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enemies_and_competitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enemies_and_competitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Enemies and competitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enemies_and_competitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diseases_and_parasites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases_and_parasites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Diseases and parasites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases_and_parasites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In culture and literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_culture_and_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In culture and literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_culture_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tameability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tameability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Tameability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tameability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dhole</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_(%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="دول (كلب بري) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دول (كلب بري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0" title="ৰাংকুকুৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাংকুকুৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="БагӀараб бацӀ – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="БагӀараб бацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1_canavar" title="Qırmızı canavar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qırmızı canavar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کوون الپینوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوون الپینوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="রামকুত্তা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রামকুত্তা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA" title="Чырвоны воўк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чырвоны воўк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" title="Cuon alpinus – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Cuon alpinus" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Азиатско диво куче – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Азиатско диво куче" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="འཕར་སྤྱང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཕར་སྤྱང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azijski_divlji_pas" title="Azijski divlji pas – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Azijski divlji pas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki_gouez_Azia" title="Ki gouez Azia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ki gouez Azia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Улаан шоно – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Улаан шоно" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%C3%B3" title="Cuó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cuó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" title="Cuon alpinus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cuon alpinus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhoul" title="Dhoul – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dhoul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dhole" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothund" title="Rothund – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rothund" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1%C3%A1ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_m%C4%85%CA%BCii%C5%82ch%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC" title="Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ mąʼiiłchííʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ mąʼiiłchííʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punahunt" title="Punahunt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Punahunt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Ασιατικό αγριόσκυλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ασιατικό αγριόσκυλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" title="Cuon alpinus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuon alpinus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montara_kuono" title="Montara kuono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Montara kuono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" title="Cuon alpinus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cuon alpinus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سگ وحشی آسیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سگ وحشی آسیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dhole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madra_fi%C3%A1in_%C3%81iseach" title="Madra fiáin Áiseach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Madra fiáin Áiseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B" title="જંગલી કૂતરો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જંગલી કૂતરો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0i-ki%C3%A9u" title="Sài-kiéu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sài-kiéu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%B9%EB%83%A5%EC%9D%B4" title="승냥이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="승냥이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC" title="Կարմիր գայլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարմիր գայլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सोनकुत्ता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोनकुत्ता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azijski_divlji_pas" title="Azijski divlji pas – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Azijski divlji pas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajak" title="Ajak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ajak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" title="Cuon alpinus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cuon alpinus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99" title="דול מצוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דול מצוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕೆನ್ನಾಯಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆನ್ನಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="წითელი მგელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წითელი მგელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%86_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86" title="وَن ہوٗن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وَن ہوٗن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Қызыл қасқыр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қызыл қасқыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbol_(Cuon_alpinus)" title="Zimbol (Cuon alpinus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Zimbol (Cuon alpinus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%A9%D3%A9" title="Чөө – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чөө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkanais_suns" title="Sarkanais suns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sarkanais suns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Яру жанавур – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Яру жанавур" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudonasis_vilkas" title="Raudonasis vilkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Raudonasis vilkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81zsiai_vadkutya" title="Ázsiai vadkutya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ázsiai vadkutya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ കാട്ടുനായ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ കാട്ടുനായ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कोळसून – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोळसून" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="كلب الدول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلب الدول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing_Hutan" title="Anjing Hutan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anjing Hutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Цөөвөр чоно – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цөөвөр чоно" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="တောခွေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တောခွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziatische_wilde_hond" title="Aziatische wilde hond – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aziatische wilde hond" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="वन कुकुर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वन कुकुर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ドール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatisk_villhund" title="Asiatisk villhund – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Asiatisk villhund" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" title="Cuon alpinus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cuon alpinus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Йошкар пире – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йошкар пире" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0" title="ବଳିଆ କୁକୁର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବଳିଆ କୁକୁର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qizil_bo%CA%BBri" title="Qizil boʻri – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qizil boʻri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="جنگلی کتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جنگلی کتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyjon_rudy" title="Cyjon rudy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cyjon rudy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A3o-selvagem-asi%C3%A1tico" title="Cão-selvagem-asiático – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cão-selvagem-asiático" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2inele_s%C4%83lbatic_asiatic" title="Câinele sălbatic asiatic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Câinele sălbatic asiatic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Красный волк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Красный волк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dhole" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dhole" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rde%C4%8Di_volk" title="Rdeči volk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rdeči volk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Азијски дивљи пас – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азијски дивљи пас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajag" title="Ajag – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ajag" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuorisusi" title="Vuorisusi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vuorisusi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatisk_vildhund" title="Asiatisk vildhund – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Asiatisk vildhund" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="செந்நாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செந்நாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="రేచుకుక్కలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రేచుకుక్కలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99" title="หมาใน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมาใน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya_yaban_k%C3%B6pe%C4%9Fi" title="Asya yaban köpeği – Turkish" lang="tr" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of mammal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mountain wolf" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mountain_wolf_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mountain wolf (disambiguation)">Mountain wolf (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rocky_Mountain_wolf" title="Northern Rocky Mountain wolf">Northern Rocky Mountain wolf</a>, or <a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Dhole<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> – Recent <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">0.78–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.736px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhole_in_its_habitat_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dhole_in_its_habitat_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Dhole_in_its_habitat_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dhole_in_its_habitat_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Dhole_in_its_habitat_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dhole_in_its_habitat_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Dhole_in_its_habitat_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2707" data-file-height="1826" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> Appendix II<small> (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cuon" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caninae" title="Caninae">Caninae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Cuon</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Brian_Houghton_Hodgson" title="Brian Houghton Hodgson">Hodgson</a>, 1838</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C. alpinus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Cuon alpinus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a>, 1811)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>C. a. adjustus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ussuri_dhole" title="Ussuri dhole">C. a. alpinus</a></i></li> <li><i>C. a. fumosus</i></li> <li>† <i><a href="/wiki/Tien_Shan_dhole" title="Tien Shan dhole">C. a. hesperius</a></i></li> <li><i>C. a. laniger</i></li> <li><i>C. a. lepturus</i></li> <li><i>C. a. sumatrensis</i></li> <li>† <i>C. a. antiquus</i></li> <li>† <i>C. a. caucasicus</i></li> <li>† <i><a href="/wiki/European_dhole" title="European dhole">C. a. europaeus</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuon_alpinus_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cuon_alpinus_range.png/200px-Cuon_alpinus_range.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cuon_alpinus_range.png/300px-Cuon_alpinus_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cuon_alpinus_range.png/400px-Cuon_alpinus_range.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#ee161f; color:#ee161f;">    </span>  dhole range</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Canis alpinus</i> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>dhole</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">dohl</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-MWeb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ColDict_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColDict-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b>Cuon alpinus</b></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">canid</a> native to <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. It is anatomically distinguished from members of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i> in several aspects: its <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> is convex rather than concave in profile, it lacks a third lower <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molar</a> and the upper molars possess only a single <a href="/wiki/Cusp_(dentistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusp (dentistry)">cusp</a> as opposed to between two and four. During the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>, the dhole ranged throughout <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, with its range also extending into <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (with a single record also reported from <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>) but became restricted to its historical range 12,000–18,000 years ago. It is now extinct in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and possibly the <a href="/wiki/Korean_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean peninsula">Korean peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. </p><p>Genetic evidence indicates that the dhole was the result of <a href="/wiki/Reticulate_evolution" title="Reticulate evolution">reticulate evolution</a>, emerging from the <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridization</a> between a species closely related to genus <i>Canis</i> and from a lineage closely related to the <a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog</a> (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>). </p><p>The dhole is a highly social animal, living in large clans without rigid <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominance hierarchies">dominance hierarchies</a> and containing multiple breeding females. Such clans usually consist of about 12 individuals, but groups of over 40 are known. It is a diurnal pack hunter which preferentially targets large and medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Ungulate" title="Ungulate">ungulates</a>. In tropical forests, the dhole competes with the <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a> (<i>Panthera tigris</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a> (<i>Panthera pardus</i>), targeting somewhat different prey species, but still with substantial dietary overlap. </p><p>It is listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">Endangered</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>, as populations are decreasing and estimated to comprise fewer than 2,500 mature individuals. Factors contributing to this decline include habitat loss, loss of prey, competition with other species, persecution due to livestock predation, and disease transfer from <a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dogs</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_naming">Etymology and naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> of "dhole" is unclear. The possible earliest written use of the word in English occurred in 1808 by soldier Thomas Williamson, who encountered the animal in <a href="/wiki/Ramgarh_district" title="Ramgarh district">Ramghur district</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. He stated that <i>dhole</i> was a common local name for the species.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1827, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hamilton_Smith" title="Charles Hamilton Smith">Charles Hamilton Smith</a> claimed that it was derived from a language spoken in 'various parts of the East'.<sup id="cite_ref-smith1827_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith1827-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two years later, Smith connected this word with <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deli#Turkish" class="extiw" title="wikt:deli">deli</a></i> 'mad, crazy', and erroneously compared the Turkish word with <a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Saxon language">Old Saxon</a>: <i lang="osx"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dol#Old_English" class="extiw" title="wikt:dol">dol</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dol#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:dol">dol</a></i> (cfr. also English: <span lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dull#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:dull">dull</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toll#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:toll">toll</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-smith1839_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith1839-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are in fact from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> *<i>dwalaz</i> 'foolish, stupid'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Richard Lydekker</a> wrote nearly 80 years later that the word was not used by the natives living within the species' range.<sup id="cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lydekker1907-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> <i>Dictionary</i> theorises that it may have come from the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>: <span lang="kn">ತೋಳ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">tōḷa</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'wolf'.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other English names for the species include <b>Asian wild dog</b>, <b>Asiatic wild dog</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-f_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Indian wild dog</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lydekker1907-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>whistling dog</b>, <b>red dog</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>red wolf</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>mountain wolf</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-perry1965_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry1965-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_evolution">Taxonomy and evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuon_alpinus_Cova_Negra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cuon_alpinus_Cova_Negra.jpg/220px-Cuon_alpinus_Cova_Negra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cuon_alpinus_Cova_Negra.jpg/330px-Cuon_alpinus_Cova_Negra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cuon_alpinus_Cova_Negra.jpg/440px-Cuon_alpinus_Cova_Negra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Skeletal remains of a <a href="/wiki/European_dhole" title="European dhole">European dhole</a> dating back to the upper <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period#Würm_glaciation_(Alps)" title="Last Glacial Period">Würm</a> period from Cova Negra de <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A0tiva" title="Xàtiva">Xàtiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png/220px-Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png/330px-Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png/440px-Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Illustration (1859) by <a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Schrenck" title="Leopold von Schrenck">Leopold von Schrenck</a>, one of the first accurate depictions of the species, based on a single skin purchased in the village of Dshare on the <a href="/wiki/Amur" title="Amur">Amur</a><sup id="cite_ref-schrenk1859_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schrenk1859-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Canis alpinus</i> was the <a href="/wiki/Binomial_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Binomial name">binomial name</a> proposed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Peter Simon Pallas</a> in 1811, who described its range as encompassing the upper levels of Udskoi Ostrog in <a href="/wiki/Amurland" class="mw-redirect" title="Amurland">Amurland</a>, towards the eastern side and in the region of the upper <a href="/wiki/Lena_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena River">Lena River</a>, around the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei">Yenisei</a> River and occasionally crossing into <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pallas1811_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pallas1811-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This northern Russian range reported by Pallas during the 18th and 19th centuries is "considerably north" of where this species occurs today.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Canis primaevus</i> was a name proposed by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Houghton_Hodgson" title="Brian Houghton Hodgson">Brian Houghton Hodgson</a> in 1833 who thought that the dhole was a primitive <i>Canis</i> form and the <a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">progenitor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hodgson later took note of the dhole's physical distinctiveness from the genus <i>Canis</i> and proposed the genus <i>Cuon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first study on the origins of the species was conducted by paleontologist Erich Thenius, who concluded in 1955 that the dhole was a post-Pleistocene descendant of a golden jackal-like ancestor.<sup id="cite_ref-thenius1954_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenius1954-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paleontologist <a href="/wiki/Bjorn_Kurten" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjorn Kurten">Bjorn Kurten</a> wrote in his 1968 book <i>Pleistocene Mammals of Europe</i> that the primitive dhole <i>Canis majori</i> Del Campana 1913 —the remains of which have been found in <a href="/wiki/Villafranchian" title="Villafranchian">Villafranchian</a> era <a href="/wiki/Valdarno" title="Valdarno">Valdarno</a>, Italy and in China—was almost indistinguishable from the genus <i>Canis</i>. In comparison, the modern species has greatly reduced <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cusp_(anatomy)" title="Cusp (anatomy)">cusps</a> have developed into sharply trenchant points. During the Early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> there arose both <i>Canis majori stehlini</i> that was the size of a large <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a>, and the early dhole <i>Canis alpinus</i> Pallas 1811 which first appeared at <a href="/wiki/Hundsheim" title="Hundsheim">Hundsheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosbach" title="Mosbach">Mosbach</a> in Germany. In the <a href="/wiki/Late_Pleistocene" title="Late Pleistocene">Late Pleistocene</a> era the <a href="/wiki/European_dhole" title="European dhole">European dhole</a> (<i>C. a. europaeus</i>) was modern-looking and the transformation of the lower molar into a single cusped, slicing tooth had been completed; however, its size was comparable with that of a wolf. This subspecies became extinct in Europe at the end of the late <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period#Würm_glaciation_(Alps)" title="Last Glacial Period">Würm</a> period, but the species as a whole still inhabits a large area of Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-kurten1968_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kurten1968-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European dhole may have survived up until the early <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ripoll2010_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ripoll2010-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and what is believed to be dhole remains have been found at Riparo Fredian in northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> dated 10,800 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taron2021_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taron2021-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vast Pleistocene range of this species also included numerous islands in Asia that this species no longer inhabits, such as <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Middle Pleistocene dhole fossils have also been found in the Matsukae Cave in northern <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> Island in western <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and in the Lower Kuzuu fauna in <a href="/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture" title="Tochigi Prefecture">Tochigi Prefecture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a> Island, east Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dhole fossils from the Late Pleistocene dated to about 10,700 years before present are known from the <a href="/wiki/Luobi_Cave" title="Luobi Cave">Luobi Cave</a> or Luobi-Dong cave in <a href="/wiki/Hainan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainan Island">Hainan Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">south China</a> where they no longer exist.<sup id="cite_ref-Turvey_al2019_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turvey_al2019-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, fossils of canidae possibly belonging to dhole have been excavated from <a href="/wiki/Dajia_River" title="Dajia River">Dajia River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taichung_County" title="Taichung County">Taichung County</a>, Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A single record of the dhole is known from North America. This consists of a jaw fragment and teeth of <a href="/wiki/Late_Pleistocene" title="Late Pleistocene">Late Pleistocene</a> age found in San Josecito Cave in northeast Mexico, dating to around 27–11,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">Phylogenetic tree</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">wolf-like canids</a> with timing in millions of years<sup id="cite_ref-mtdna_seq_desc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtdna_seq_desc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:80%;width:400px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Caninae" title="Caninae">Caninae</a> 3.5 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">3.0 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">2.5 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">2.0 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">0.96 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">0.6 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">0.38 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">Domestic dog</a> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:202104_Dog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/202104_Dog.svg/50px-202104_Dog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/202104_Dog.svg/75px-202104_Dog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/202104_Dog.svg/100px-202104_Dog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Gray wolf</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_I).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_I%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_I%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_I%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_I%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_I%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_I%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="314" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_IX).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_IX%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_IX%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_IX%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_IX%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_IX%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_IX%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="347" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XI).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="308" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_X).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_X%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_X%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_X%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_X%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_X%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_X%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="287" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_VI).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_VI%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_VI%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_VI%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_VI%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_VI%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_VI%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="310" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Dhole <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XLI).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLI%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLI%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLI%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLI%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLI%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLI%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="302" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XLIV).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLIV%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLIV%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLIV%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLIV%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLIV%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XLIV%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="277" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">2.6 </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XIII).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XIII%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XIII%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XIII%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XIII%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XIII%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XIII%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="302" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XII).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XII%29.jpg/50px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XII%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XII%29.jpg/75px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XII%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XII%29.jpg/100px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XII%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="290" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Dholes are also known from the Middle and Late Pleistocene fossil record of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the analyses of the <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Genomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomes">genomes</a> extracted from the fossil remains of two extinct European dhole specimens from the Jáchymka cave, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> dated 35,000–45,000 years old indicate that these were genetically <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> to modern dholes and possessed much greater genetic diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-Taron2021_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taron2021-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dhole's distinctive morphology has been a source of much confusion in determining the species' systematic position among the Canidae. <a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Simpson</a> placed the dhole in the <a href="/wiki/Subfamily" title="Subfamily">subfamily</a> Simocyoninae alongside the <a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">bush dog</a>, on account of all three species' similar dentition.<sup id="cite_ref-simpson1945_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simpson1945-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent authors, including <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Clutton-Brock" title="Juliet Clutton-Brock">Juliet Clutton-Brock</a>, noted greater morphological similarities to canids of the genera <i>Canis</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dusicyon" title="Dusicyon">Dusicyon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Alopex</a></i> than to either <i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(genus)" title="Lycaon (genus)">Lycaon</a></i>, with any resemblance to the latter two being due to <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cluttonbrock1976_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cluttonbrock1976-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some authors consider the extinct <i>Canis</i> <a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">subgenus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Xenocyon" title="Xenocyon">Xenocyon</a></i> as ancestral to both the genus <i>Lycaon</i> and the genus <i>Cuon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-moulle2006_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moulle2006-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baryshnikov2012_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baryshnikov2012-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cherin2013_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cherin2013-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wang2008_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang2008-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p149">: p149 </span></sup> Subsequent studies on the canid <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> revealed that the dhole and African wild dog are closely related to members of the genus <i>Canis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-lindblad-toh2005_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindblad-toh2005-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This closeness to <i>Canis</i> may have been confirmed in a menagerie in <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, where according to zoologist <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Innes_Pocock" title="Reginald Innes Pocock">Reginald Innes Pocock</a> there is a record of a dhole that interbred with a golden jackal.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DNA sequencing of the <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_dhole" title="Sardinian dhole">Sardinian dhole</a> (<i>Cynotherium sardous</i>) an extinct small canine species formerly native to the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean, and which has often been suggested to have descended from <i>Xenocyon</i>, has found that it is most closely related to the living dhole among canines.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admixture_with_the_African_wild_dog">Admixture with the African wild dog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Admixture with the African wild dog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing" title="Whole genome sequencing">whole genome sequencing</a> was used to compare all members (apart from the black-backed and side-striped jackals) of the genus <i>Canis</i>, along with the dhole and the <a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog</a> (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>). There was strong evidence of ancient <a href="/wiki/Genetic_admixture" title="Genetic admixture">genetic admixture</a> between the dhole and the African wild dog. Today, their ranges are remote from each other; however, during the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> era the dhole could be found as far west as Europe. The study proposes that the dhole's distribution may have once included the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, from where it may have admixed with the African wild dog in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>. However, there is no evidence of the dhole having existed in the Middle East nor North Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-gopalakrishnan2018_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gopalakrishnan2018-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the <i>Lycaon</i> was present in Europe during the Early Pleistocene, with its last record in the region dating to 830,000 years ago. Genetic evidence from the Sardinan dhole suggests that both Sardinian and modern dholes (which are estimated to have split from each other around 900,000 years ago) share ancestry from the <i>Lycaon</i> lineage, but this ancestry is significantly higher in modern dholes than in the Sardinian dhole.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspecies">Subspecies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subspecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, up to ten subspecies of dholes have been recognised.<sup id="cite_ref-ellerman1966_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellerman1966-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, seven subspecies are recognised.<sup id="cite_ref-Wozencraft2004_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wozencraft2004-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orrell2019_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orrell2019-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, studies on the dhole's <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsatellite" title="Microsatellite">microsatellite</a> genotype showed no clear subspecific distinctions. Nevertheless, two major phylogeographic groupings were discovered in dholes of the Asian mainland, which likely diverged during a <a href="/wiki/Glacial_period" title="Glacial period">glaciation event</a>. One population extends from South, Central and North India (south of the Ganges) into Myanmar, and the other extends from India north of the Ganges into northeastern India, Myanmar, Thailand and the Malaysian Peninsula. The origin of dholes in Sumatra and Java is, as of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, unclear, as they show greater relatedness to dholes in India, Myanmar and China rather than with those in nearby Malaysia. However, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canid_Specialist_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canid Specialist Group (page does not exist)">Canid Specialist Group</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_the_Conservation_of_Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union for the Conservation of Nature">International Union for the Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) states that further research is needed because all of the samples were from the southern part of this species' range and the <a href="/wiki/Tien_Shan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tien Shan">Tien Shan</a> subspecies has distinct morphology.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the absence of further data, the researchers involved in the study speculated that Javan and Sumatran dholes could have been introduced to the islands by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossils of dhole from the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> have been found in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#115a6c"> <th>Subspecies </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Trinomial authority </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Distribution </th> <th>Synonyms </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>C. a. adjustus</i> <b>Burmese dhole</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian dhole </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-kabini-dhole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2010-kabini-dhole.jpg/150px-2010-kabini-dhole.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2010-kabini-dhole.jpg/225px-2010-kabini-dhole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2010-kabini-dhole.jpg/300px-2010-kabini-dhole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="477" /></a></span> </td> <td>Pocock, 1941<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Reddish coat, short hair on the paws and black whiskers<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Northeastern India and south of the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> River, northern Myanmar<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><small><i>antiquus</i> (Matthew & Granger, 1923), <i>dukhunensis</i> (Sykes, 1831)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ussuri_dhole" title="Ussuri dhole">C. a. alpinus</a></i> <b>Ussuri dhole</b><sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Nominate_subspecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominate subspecies">nominate subspecies</a>) </p> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png/150px-Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png/225px-Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png/300px-Leopold_v._Schrenck_-_Cuon_alpinus.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a>, 1811<sup id="cite_ref-Pallas1811_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pallas1811-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Thick tawny red coat, greyish neck and ochre muzzle<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>East of the eastern <a href="/wiki/Sayan_Mountains" title="Sayan Mountains">Sayan Mountains</a>, eastern Russia, northeastern Asia<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>C. a. fumosus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1936_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1936-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Pocock, 1936<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1936_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1936-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Luxuriant yellowish-red coat, dark back and grey neck<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Western <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, China and Mongolia. Southern Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, Indonesia<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><small><i>infuscus</i> (Pocock, 1936), <i>javanicus</i> (Desmarest, 1820)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>†<i><a href="/wiki/Tien_Shan_dhole" title="Tien Shan dhole">C. a. hesperius</a></i> <b>Tien Shan dhole</b><sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keulmans_Cuon_alpinus_alpinus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Keulmans_Cuon_alpinus_alpinus.png/150px-Keulmans_Cuon_alpinus_alpinus.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Keulmans_Cuon_alpinus_alpinus.png/225px-Keulmans_Cuon_alpinus_alpinus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Keulmans_Cuon_alpinus_alpinus.png/300px-Keulmans_Cuon_alpinus_alpinus.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="916" /></a></span> </td> <td>Afanasjev and Zolotarev, 1935<sup id="cite_ref-Afanasjev1935_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afanasjev1935-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Long yellow tinted coat, white underside and pale whiskers<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smaller than <i>C. a. alpinus</i>, with wider skull and lighter-coloured winter fur.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Altai, Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently considered to be extinct since 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Makenov-2018_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makenov-2018-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><small><i>jason</i> (Pocock, 1936)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>C. a. laniger</i><sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1936_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1936-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Pocock, 1936<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1936_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1936-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Full, yellowish-grey coat, tail not black but same colour as body<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Southern Tibet, Himalayan Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Kashmir<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><small><i>grayiformis</i> (Hodgson, 1863), <i>primaevus</i> (Hodgson, 1833)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>C. a. lepturus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1936_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1936-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo_Osnabr%C3%BCck,_Dhole_(4413112187).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Zoo_Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C_Dhole_%284413112187%29.jpg/150px-Zoo_Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C_Dhole_%284413112187%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Zoo_Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C_Dhole_%284413112187%29.jpg/225px-Zoo_Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C_Dhole_%284413112187%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Zoo_Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C_Dhole_%284413112187%29.jpg/300px-Zoo_Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C_Dhole_%284413112187%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a></span> </td> <td>Heude, 1892<sup id="cite_ref-Heude1892_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heude1892-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Uniform red coat with thick underfur<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>South of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> River, China<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><small><i>clamitans</i> (Heude, 1892), <i>rutilans</i> (Müller, 1839), <i>sumatrensis</i> (Hodgson, 1833)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sumatran dhole and Javan dhole <i>C. a. sumatrensis</i><sup id="cite_ref-Castello2018_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castello2018-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keulemans_Cuon_alpinus_javanicus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Keulemans_Cuon_alpinus_javanicus.png/150px-Keulemans_Cuon_alpinus_javanicus.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Keulemans_Cuon_alpinus_javanicus.png/225px-Keulemans_Cuon_alpinus_javanicus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Keulemans_Cuon_alpinus_javanicus.png/300px-Keulemans_Cuon_alpinus_javanicus.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="836" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardwicke" title="Thomas Hardwicke">Hardwicke</a>, 1821<sup id="cite_ref-Hardwicke1821_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardwicke1821-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Red coat and dark whiskers<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, Indonesia<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its range is highly fragmented with multiple protected areas in Sumatra and Java.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dholeskull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dholeskull.jpg/220px-Dholeskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dholeskull.jpg/330px-Dholeskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dholeskull.jpg/440px-Dholeskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption>Dhole skull and molars illustrated by <a href="/wiki/St._George_Mivart" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George Mivart">St. George Mivart</a> (1890)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhole_in_Ueno,_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dhole_in_Ueno%2C_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Dhole_in_Ueno%2C_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dhole_in_Ueno%2C_Tokyo.jpg/330px-Dhole_in_Ueno%2C_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dhole_in_Ueno%2C_Tokyo.jpg/440px-Dhole_in_Ueno%2C_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Captive adult dhole</figcaption></figure> <p>The dhole's general tone of the fur is reddish, with the brightest hues occurring in winter. In the winter coat, the back is clothed in a saturated rusty-red to reddish colour with brownish highlights along the top of the head, neck and shoulders. The throat, chest, flanks, and belly and the upper parts of the limbs are less brightly coloured, and are more yellowish in tone. The lower parts of the limbs are whitish, with dark brownish bands on the anterior sides of the forelimbs. The muzzle and forehead are greyish-reddish. The tail is very luxuriant and fluffy, and is mainly of a reddish-ocherous colour, with a dark brown tip. The summer coat is shorter, coarser and darker.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dorsal and lateral <a href="/wiki/Guard_hair" title="Guard hair">guard hairs</a> in adults measure 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) in length. Dholes in the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Zoo" title="Moscow Zoo">Moscow Zoo</a> moult once a year from March to May.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Melanism" title="Melanism">melanistic</a> individual was recorded in the northern <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a> Forest Division in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dhole has a wide and massive skull with a well-developed <a href="/wiki/Sagittal_crest" title="Sagittal crest">sagittal crest</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its <a href="/wiki/Masseter_muscle" title="Masseter muscle">masseter muscles</a> are highly developed compared to other canid species, giving the face an almost <a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">hyena</a>-like appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-f61_2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f61_2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rostrum_(anatomy)" title="Rostrum (anatomy)">rostrum</a> is shorter than that of domestic dogs and most other canids.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has six rather than seven lower <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-f41_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f41-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upper molars are weak, being one third to one half the size of those of wolves and have only one <a href="/wiki/Cusp_(dentistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusp (dentistry)">cusp</a> as opposed to between two and four, as is usual in canids,<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an adaptation thought to improve shearing ability, thus allowing it to compete more successfully with <a href="/wiki/Kleptoparasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleptoparasite">kleptoparasites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of size, dholes average about 88–113 cm (35–44 in) in length (excluding a 41–50 cm (16–20 in) long tail), and stand around 42–50 cm (17–20 in) at the shoulders.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult females can weigh 10–17 kg (22–37 lb), while the slightly larger male may weigh 15–21 kg (33–46 lb). The mean weight of adults from three small samples was 15.1 kg (33 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In appearance, the dhole has been variously described as combining the physical characteristics of the <a href="/wiki/Gray_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray wolf">gray wolf</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as being "cat-like" on account of its long backbone and slender limbs.<sup id="cite_ref-thenius1954_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenius1954-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhole_feeding_Khao_Yai_NP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dhole_feeding_Khao_Yai_NP.jpg/220px-Dhole_feeding_Khao_Yai_NP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dhole_feeding_Khao_Yai_NP.jpg/330px-Dhole_feeding_Khao_Yai_NP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dhole_feeding_Khao_Yai_NP.jpg/440px-Dhole_feeding_Khao_Yai_NP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Dhole feeding on <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">sambar deer</a> carcass, <a href="/wiki/Khao_Yai_National_Park" title="Khao Yai National Park">Khao Yai National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the dhole lived in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and throughout <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>), though it is now considered to be regionally extinct in these regions.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historical record in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Veritable_Records_of_the_Joseon_Dynasty" title="Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty">Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty</a> also indicate that the dhole lived in <a href="/wiki/Yangju" title="Yangju">Yangju</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province" title="Gyeonggi Province">Gyeonggi Province</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is now also extinct in South Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the last known capture reports in 1909 and 1921 from <a href="/wiki/Yeoncheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeoncheon">Yeoncheon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province" title="Gyeonggi Province">Gyeonggi Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current presence of dholes in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> is considered uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dholes also once inhabited the alpine steppes extending into <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> area, though they disappeared from 60% of their historic range in India during the past century.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia and China, it prefers forested areas in <a href="/wiki/Alpine_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine zone">alpine zones</a> and is occasionally sighted in <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plains</a> regions.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bek-Tosot_Conservancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bek-Tosot Conservancy (page does not exist)">Bek-Tosot Conservancy</a> of southern <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, the possible presence of the dholes was considered likely based on genetic samples collected in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Cancellare-2022_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cancellare-2022-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first record of dholes from the country in almost three decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Cancellare-2022_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cancellare-2022-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhole_Mudhumalai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dhole_Mudhumalai.jpg/220px-Dhole_Mudhumalai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dhole_Mudhumalai.jpg/330px-Dhole_Mudhumalai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dhole_Mudhumalai.jpg/440px-Dhole_Mudhumalai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1517" /></a><figcaption>Lone dhole strolling through the jungle in <a href="/wiki/Mudumalai_National_Park" title="Mudumalai National Park">Mudumalai National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The dhole might still be present in the <a href="/wiki/Tunkinsky_National_Park" title="Tunkinsky National Park">Tunkinsky National Park</a> in extreme southern <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It possibly still lives in the <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a> province in far eastern Russia, where it was considered a rare and endangered species in 2004, with unconfirmed reports in the Pikthsa-Tigrovy Dom protected forest area; no sighting was reported in other areas since the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Currently, no other recent reports are confirmed of dholes being present in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Makenov-2018_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makenov-2018-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so the IUCN considered them to be extinct in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the dhole might be present in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Sayan_Mountains" title="Sayan Mountains">Sayan Mountains</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Transbaikal" title="Transbaikal">Transbaikal</a> region; it has been sighted in <a href="/wiki/Tofalaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tofalaria">Tofalaria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk Oblast</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Buryatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Buryatia">Republic of Buryatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky Krai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Makenov-2018_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makenov-2018-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One pack was sighted in the <a href="/wiki/Qilian_Mountains" title="Qilian Mountains">Qilian Mountains</a> in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 to 2013, local government officials and herders reported the presence of several dhole packs at elevations of 2,000 to 3,500 m (6,600 to 11,500 ft) near <a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Nature_Reserve" title="Taxkorgan Nature Reserve">Taxkorgan Nature Reserve</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> Autonomous Region. Several packs and a female adult with pups were also recorded by <a href="/wiki/Camera_trap" title="Camera trap">camera traps</a> at elevations of around 2,500 to 4,000 m (8,200 to 13,100 ft) in Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve in the northern <a href="/wiki/Gansu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gansu Province">Gansu Province</a> in 2013–2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Riordan2015_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riordan2015-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dholes have been also reported in the <a href="/wiki/Altyn-Tagh" title="Altyn-Tagh">Altyn-Tagh</a> Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In China's <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> Province, dholes were recorded in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baima_Xueshan_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baima Xueshan Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Baima Xueshan Nature Reserve</a> in 2010–2011.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dhole samples were obtained in <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> Province in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confirmed records by camera-trapping since 2008 have occurred in southern and western <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> province, southern <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> province, southern <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> province, southern and western <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> province, western <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> province, the southern <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> Autonomous Region and in the Southeastern <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> Autonomoous Region.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also historical records of dhole dating to 1521–1935 in Hainan Island, but the species is no longer present and is estimated to have become extinct around 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Turvey_al2019_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turvey_al2019-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dhole occurs in most of India south of the Ganges, particularly in the Central Indian Highlands and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a>. It is also present in <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a> region. Dhole populations in the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalayas</a> and northwest India are fragmented.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, dhole packs were recorded by camera traps in the <a href="/wiki/Chitwan_National_Park" title="Chitwan National Park">Chitwan National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its presence was confirmed in the <a href="/wiki/Kanchenjunga_Conservation_Area" title="Kanchenjunga Conservation Area">Kanchenjunga Conservation Area</a> in 2011 by camera traps.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2020, dholes were sighted in the <a href="/wiki/Vansda_National_Park" title="Vansda National Park">Vansda National Park</a>, with camera traps confirming the presence of two individuals in May of the same year. This was the first confirmed sighting of dholes in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> since 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, the dhole is present in <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Dorji_National_Park" title="Jigme Dorji National Park">Jigme Dorji National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, it inhabits forest reserves in the <a href="/wiki/Sylhet" title="Sylhet">Sylhet</a> area, as well the <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a> in the southeast. Recent camera trap photos in the Chittagong in 2016 showed the continued presence of the dhole.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These regions probably do not harbour a viable population, as mostly small groups or solitary individuals were sighted.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, the dhole is present in several protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, dholes and tigers were recorded by camera-traps for the first time in the hill forests of <a href="/wiki/Karen_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen State">Karen State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its range is highly fragmented in the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Peninsula">Malaysian Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, with the Vietnamese population considered to be possibly extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, camera trap videos in the montane tropical forests at 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the <a href="/wiki/Kerinci_Seblat_National_Park" title="Kerinci Seblat National Park">Kerinci Seblat National Park</a> in Sumatra revealed its continued presence.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A camera trapping survey in the <a href="/wiki/Khao_Ang_Rue_Nai_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary">Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary</a> in Thailand from January 2008 to February 2010 documented one healthy dhole pack.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In northern <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, dholes were studied in <a href="/wiki/Nam_Et-Phou_Louey" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam Et-Phou Louey">Nam Et-Phou Louey</a> National Protected Area.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camera trap surveys from 2012 to 2017 recorded dholes in the same Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, dholes were sighted only in <a href="/wiki/Pu_Mat_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu Mat National Park">Pu Mat National Park</a> in 1999, in <a href="/wiki/Yok_Don_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yok Don National Park">Yok Don National Park</a> in 2003 and 2004; and in <a href="/wiki/Ninh_Thuan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninh Thuan Province">Ninh Thuan Province</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A disjunct dhole population was reported in the area of <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rize</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> near the border with <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This report was not considered to be reliable.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One single individual was claimed to have been shot in 2013 in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a> Republic of Russia in the central <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>; its remains were analysed in May 2015 by a biologist from the <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_State_University" title="Kabardino-Balkarian State University">Kabardino-Balkarian State University</a>, who concluded that the skull was indeed that of a dhole.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2015, researchers from the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(Bulgaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Natural History (Bulgaria)">National Museum of Natural History</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Karadeniz_Technical_University" title="Karadeniz Technical University">Karadeniz Technical University</a> started an expedition to track and document possible Turkish population of dhole.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2015, they concluded that two skins of alleged dholes in Turkey probably belonged to dogs, pending DNA analysis of samples from the skins, and, having analyzed photos of the skull of alleged dhole in Kabardino-Balkaria Republic of Russia, they concluded it was a grey wolf.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_behaviour">Ecology and behaviour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ecology and behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dholes produce whistles resembling the calls of red foxes, sometimes rendered as <i>coo-coo</i>. How this sound is produced is unknown, though it is thought to help in coordinating the pack when travelling through thick brush. When attacking prey, they emit screaming <i>KaKaKaKAA</i> sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-f93_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f93-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sounds include whines (food soliciting), growls (warning), screams, chatterings (both of which are alarm calls) and yapping cries.<sup id="cite_ref-f95_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f95-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to wolves, dholes do not <a href="/wiki/Howling" title="Howling">howl</a> or bark.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dholes have a complex <a href="/wiki/Body_language" title="Body language">body language</a>. Friendly or submissive greetings are accompanied by horizontal lip retraction and the lowering of the tail, as well as licking. Playful dholes open their mouths with their lips retracted and their tails held in a vertical position whilst assuming a play bow. Aggressive or threatening dholes pucker their lips forward in a snarl and raise the hairs on their backs, as well as keep their tails horizontal or vertical. When afraid, they pull their lips back horizontally with their tails tucked and their ears flat against the skull.<sup id="cite_ref-f97_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f97-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_and_territorial_behaviour">Social and territorial behaviour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social and territorial behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140303_7687_Pench_Dhole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/20140303_7687_Pench_Dhole.jpg/220px-20140303_7687_Pench_Dhole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/20140303_7687_Pench_Dhole.jpg/330px-20140303_7687_Pench_Dhole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/20140303_7687_Pench_Dhole.jpg/440px-20140303_7687_Pench_Dhole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Dholes playing, Pench Tiger Reserve</figcaption></figure> <p>Dholes are more social than <a href="/wiki/Gray_wolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray wolves">gray wolves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have less of a dominance hierarchy, as seasonal scarcity of food is not a serious concern for them. In this manner, they closely resemble African wild dogs in social structure.<sup id="cite_ref-f85_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f85-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They live in <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clans</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Pack_(canine)" title="Pack (canine)">packs</a>, as the latter term refers to a group of animals that always hunt together. In contrast, dhole clans frequently break into small packs of three to five animals, particularly during the spring season, as this is the optimal number for catching fawns.<sup id="cite_ref-f81_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f81-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dominant dholes are hard to identify, as they do not engage in dominance displays as wolves do, though other clan members will show submissive behaviour toward them.<sup id="cite_ref-f86_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f86-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intragroup fighting is rarely observed.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak1983_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak1983-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dholes are far less <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territorial</a> than wolves, with pups from one clan often joining another without trouble once they mature sexually.<sup id="cite_ref-f92_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f92-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clans typically number 5 to 12 individuals in India, though clans of 40 have been reported. In <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, clans rarely exceed three individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other canids, there is no evidence of dholes using <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> to mark their territories or travel routes. When urinating, dholes, especially males, may <a href="/wiki/Raised-leg_urination" class="mw-redirect" title="Raised-leg urination">raise one hind leg</a> or both to result in a handstand. Handstand urination is also seen in <a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">bush dogs</a> (<i>Speothos venaticus</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and domestic dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may defecate in conspicuous places, though a territorial function is unlikely, as <a href="/wiki/Faeces" class="mw-redirect" title="Faeces">faeces</a> are mostly deposited within the clan's territory rather than the periphery. Faeces are often deposited in what appear to be communal <a href="/wiki/Animal_latrine" title="Animal latrine">latrines</a>. They do not scrape the earth with their feet, as other canids do, to mark their territories.<sup id="cite_ref-f97_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f97-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denning">Denning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Denning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four kinds of den have been described; simple earth dens with one entrance (usually remodeled <a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">striped hyena</a> or <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupine</a> dens); complex cavernous earth dens with more than one entrance; simple cavernous dens excavated under or between rocks; and complex cavernous dens with several other dens in the vicinity, some of which are interconnected. Dens are typically located under dense scrub or on the banks of dry rivers or creeks. The entrance to a dhole den can be almost vertical, with a sharp turn three to four feet down. The tunnel opens into an antechamber, from which extends more than one passage. Some dens may have up to six entrances leading up to 30 m (98 ft) of interconnecting tunnels. These "cities" may be developed over many generations of dholes, and are shared by the clan females when raising young together.<sup id="cite_ref-f43_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f43-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like <a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingoes</a>, dholes will avoid killing prey close to their dens.<sup id="cite_ref-f80_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f80-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction_and_development">Reproduction and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reproduction and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuon_alpinus_alpinus_puppy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cuon_alpinus_alpinus_puppy.jpg/220px-Cuon_alpinus_alpinus_puppy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cuon_alpinus_alpinus_puppy.jpg/330px-Cuon_alpinus_alpinus_puppy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cuon_alpinus_alpinus_puppy.jpg/440px-Cuon_alpinus_alpinus_puppy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3524" data-file-height="2572" /></a><figcaption>Dhole pup, <a href="/wiki/Kolm%C3%A5rden_Wildlife_Park" title="Kolmården Wildlife Park">Kolmården Wildlife Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In India, the <a href="/wiki/Mating_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Mating season">mating season</a> occurs between mid-October and January, while captive dholes in the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Zoo" title="Moscow Zoo">Moscow Zoo</a> breed mostly in February.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike wolf packs, dhole clans may contain more than one breeding female.<sup id="cite_ref-f86_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f86-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than one female dhole may den and rear their litters together in the same den.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak1983_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak1983-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">mating</a>, the female assumes a crouched, cat-like position. There is no <a href="/wiki/Copulatory_tie" class="mw-redirect" title="Copulatory tie">copulatory tie</a> characteristic of other canids when the male dismounts. Instead, the pair lie on their sides facing each other in a semicircular formation.<sup id="cite_ref-f79_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f79-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gestation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestation period">gestation period</a> lasts 60–63 days, with litter sizes averaging four to six pups.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their growth rate is much faster than that of wolves, being similar in rate to that of <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> metabolites of five males and three females kept in Thai zoos was studied. The breeding males showed an increased level of <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a> from October to January. The <a href="/wiki/Oestrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oestrogen">oestrogen</a> level of captive females increases for about two weeks in January, followed by an increase of <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a>. They displayed sexual behaviours during the oestrogen peak of the females.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pups are suckled at least 58 days. During this time, the pack feeds the mother at the den site. Dholes do not use <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rendezvous" class="extiw" title="wikt:rendezvous">rendezvous</a> sites to meet their pups as wolves do, though one or more adults will stay with the pups at the den while the rest of the pack hunts. Once <a href="/wiki/Weaning" title="Weaning">weaning</a> begins, the adults of the clan will regurgitate food for the pups until they are old enough to join in hunting. They remain at the den site for 70–80 days. By the age of six months, pups accompany the adults on hunts and will assist in killing large prey such as <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">sambar</a> by the age of eight months.<sup id="cite_ref-f80_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f80-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maximum longevity in captivity is 15–16 years.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak1983_96-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak1983-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunting_behaviour">Hunting behaviour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hunting behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-bandipur-dhole-sambar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/2012-bandipur-dhole-sambar.jpg/220px-2012-bandipur-dhole-sambar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/2012-bandipur-dhole-sambar.jpg/330px-2012-bandipur-dhole-sambar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/2012-bandipur-dhole-sambar.jpg/440px-2012-bandipur-dhole-sambar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Dholes attacking a <a href="/wiki/Sambar_(deer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambar (deer)">sambar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandipur_National_Park" title="Bandipur National Park">Bandipur National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Before embarking on a hunt, clans go through elaborate prehunt social rituals involving nuzzling, body rubbing and mounting.<sup id="cite_ref-f100_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f100-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dholes are primarily <a href="/wiki/Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a> hunters, hunting in the early hours of the morning. They rarely hunt at night, except on moonlit nights, indicating they greatly rely on <a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">sight</a> when hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-f50_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f50-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can chase their prey for many hours.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a pursuit, one or more dholes takes over chasing the prey, while the rest of the pack keeps up at a steadier pace behind, taking over once the other group tires. Most chases are short, lasting only 500 m (1,600 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-f73_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f73-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When chasing fleet-footed prey, they run at a pace of 50 km/h (30 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dholes frequently drive their prey into water bodies, where the targeted animal's movements are hindered.<sup id="cite_ref-f67_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f67-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once large prey is caught, one dhole grabs the prey's nose, while the rest of the pack pulls the animal down by the flanks and hindquarters. They do not use a killing bite to the throat.<sup id="cite_ref-f61_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f61-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They occasionally blind their prey by attacking the eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Serow" title="Serow">Serows</a> are among the only ungulate species capable of effectively defending themselves against dhole attacks, due to their thick, protective coats and short, sharp horns capable of easily impaling dholes.<sup id="cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lydekker1907-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dholes tear open their prey's flanks and <a href="/wiki/Disembowelment" title="Disembowelment">disembowel</a> it, eating the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lungs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungs">lungs</a> and some sections of the <a href="/wiki/Intestines" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestines">intestines</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rumen" title="Rumen">rumen</a> are usually left untouched.<sup id="cite_ref-f63_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f63-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prey weighing less than 50 kg (110 lb) is usually killed within two minutes, while large stags may take 15 minutes to die. Once prey is secured, dholes tear off pieces of the carcass and eat in seclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-f70_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f70-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They give the pups access to a kill.<sup id="cite_ref-f86_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f86-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are generally tolerant of <a href="/wiki/Scavenger" title="Scavenger">scavengers</a> at their kills.<sup id="cite_ref-f51_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f51-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both mother and young are provided with regurgitated food by other pack members.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak1983_96-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak1983-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feeding_ecology">Feeding ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Feeding ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-bandipur-dhole-chital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2012-bandipur-dhole-chital.jpg/220px-2012-bandipur-dhole-chital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2012-bandipur-dhole-chital.jpg/330px-2012-bandipur-dhole-chital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2012-bandipur-dhole-chital.jpg/440px-2012-bandipur-dhole-chital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Dholes feeding on a <a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">chital</a>, Bandipur National Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Prey animals in India include <a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">chital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">sambar deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">muntjac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mouse_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse deer">mouse deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barasingha" title="Barasingha">barasingha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffaloes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng">banteng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">nilgai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_hare" title="Indian hare">Indian hares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_field_rat" title="Himalayan field rat">Himalayan field rats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Langur" class="mw-redirect" title="Langur">langurs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f58_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f58-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is one record of a pack bringing down an <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> calf in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, despite desperate defense of the mother, resulting in numerous losses to the pack.<sup id="cite_ref-perry1965_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry1965-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Kashmir, they prey on <a href="/wiki/Markhor" title="Markhor">markhor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Thamin">thamin</a> in Myanmar,<sup id="cite_ref-cohen1978_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_tapir" title="Malayan tapir">Malayan tapir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_serow" title="Sumatran serow">Sumatran serow</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javan_rusa" title="Javan rusa">Javan rusa</a> in Java.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarbagatai_Mountains" title="Tarbagatai Mountains">Tarbagatai Mountains</a>, dholes prey on <a href="/wiki/Siberian_ibex" title="Siberian ibex">Siberian ibexes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkhar">arkhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caspian_red_deer" title="Caspian red deer">Caspian red deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sayan_Mountains" title="Sayan Mountains">Sayan Mountains</a>, they prey on <a href="/wiki/Musk_deer" title="Musk deer">musk deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a>. In eastern Siberia, they prey on roe deer, <a href="/wiki/Manchurian_wapiti" title="Manchurian wapiti">Manchurian wapiti</a>, wild pig, musk deer and reindeer, while in <a href="/wiki/Primorye" class="mw-redirect" title="Primorye">Primorye</a> they feed on <a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">sika deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goral" title="Goral">goral</a>. In Mongolia, they prey on <a href="/wiki/Argali" title="Argali">argali</a> and rarely Siberian ibex.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like African wild dogs, but unlike wolves, dholes are not known to actively hunt people.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are known to eat <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dholes eat <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetable</a> matter more readily than other canids. In captivity, they eat various kinds of grasses, herbs and leaves, seemingly for pleasure rather than just when ill.<sup id="cite_ref-mivart1890_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mivart1890-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In summertime in the Tian Shan Mountains, dholes eat large quantities of mountain <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although opportunistic, dholes have a seeming aversion to hunting cattle and their calves.<sup id="cite_ref-f71_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f71-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a> predation by dholes has been a problem in Bhutan since the late 1990s, as domestic animals are often left outside to graze in the forest, sometimes for weeks at a time. Livestock stall-fed at night and grazed near homes are never attacked. <a href="/wiki/Oxen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxen">Oxen</a> are killed more often than <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cows</a>, probably because they are given less protection.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enemies_and_competitors">Enemies and competitors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Enemies and competitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhole_killed_by_leopard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dhole_killed_by_leopard.jpg/220px-Dhole_killed_by_leopard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dhole_killed_by_leopard.jpg/330px-Dhole_killed_by_leopard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dhole_killed_by_leopard.jpg/440px-Dhole_killed_by_leopard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Dhole killed and cached in a tree by a <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>In some areas, dholes are <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sympatric" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sympatric">sympatric</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tigers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopards</a>. Competition between these species is mostly avoided through differences in prey selection, although there is still substantial dietary overlap. Along with leopards, dholes typically target animals in the 30–175 kg (66–386 lb) range (mean weights of 35.3 kg (78 lb) for dhole and 23.4 kg (52 lb) for leopard), while tigers selected for prey animals heavier than 176 kg (388 lb) (but their mean prey weight was 65.5 kg (144 lb)). Also, other characteristics of the prey, such as sex, arboreality and aggressiveness, may play a role in prey selection. For example, dholes preferentially select male chital, whereas leopards kill both sexes more evenly (and tigers prefer larger prey altogether), dholes and tigers kill langurs rarely compared to leopards due to the leopards' greater arboreality, while leopards kill wild boar infrequently due to the inability of this relatively light predator to tackle aggressive prey of comparable weight.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor.org_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tigers are dangerous opponents for dholes, as they have sufficient strength to kill a dhole with a single paw strike.<sup id="cite_ref-perry1965_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry1965-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dhole packs are smaller in areas with higher tiger densities due to tigers directly killing dholes and stealing kills they made. The kleptoparasitism causes dholes to prefer hunting smaller animals because they can eat more of a smaller carcass before a tiger arrives to steal it. Direct predation can lead to lower reproductive and recruitment rates, lower hunting success rates and less food for the pups when a helper is killed, and potentially pack destabilization if one member of the breeding pair is killed.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dhole packs may steal leopard kills, while leopards may kill dholes if they encounter them singly or in pairs.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are numerous records of leopards being treed by dholes.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak1983_96-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak1983-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dholes were once thought to be a major factor in reducing <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_cheetah" title="Asiatic cheetah">Asiatic cheetah</a> populations, though this is doubtful, as cheetahs live in open areas as opposed to forested areas favoured by dholes.<sup id="cite_ref-fin1929_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fin1929-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since leopards are smaller than tigers and are more likely to hunt dholes, dhole packs tend to react more aggressively toward them than they do towards tigers.<sup id="cite_ref-venkataraman_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venkataraman-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dhole packs occasionally attack <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_black_bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic black bear">Asiatic black bears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">snow leopards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">sloth bears</a>. When attacking bears, dholes will attempt to prevent them from seeking refuge in caves and lacerate their hindquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1941_43-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1941-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although usually antagonistic toward <a href="/wiki/Wolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolves">wolves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they may hunt and feed alongside one another.<sup id="cite_ref-shretha1997_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shretha1997-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dhole is also sympatric with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_wolf" title="Indian wolf">Indian wolf</a> (<i>Canis lupus pallipes</i>) in parts of its range.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is at least one record of a lone wolf associating with a pair of dholes in <a href="/wiki/Debrigarh_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary">Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two observations in <a href="/wiki/Satpura_Tiger_Reserve" title="Satpura Tiger Reserve">Satpura Tiger Reserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They infrequently associate in mixed groups with <a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">golden jackals</a>. Domestic dogs may kill dholes, though they will feed alongside them on occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-humphrey1990_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humphrey1990-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diseases_and_parasites">Diseases and parasites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Diseases and parasites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dholes are vulnerable to a number of different diseases, particularly in areas where they are <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sympatric" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Sympatric">sympatric</a> with other canid species. Infectious pathogens such as <i><a href="/wiki/Toxocara_canis" title="Toxocara canis">Toxocara canis</a></i> are present in their faeces. They may suffer from <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canine_distemper" title="Canine distemper">canine distemper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mange" title="Mange">mange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trypanosomiasis" title="Trypanosomiasis">trypanosomiasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canine_parvovirus" title="Canine parvovirus">canine parvovirus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endoparasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Endoparasite">endoparasites</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cestode" class="mw-redirect" title="Cestode">cestodes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roundworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundworm">roundworms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">Habitat loss</a> is thought to amount to 60% of the dhole's historical range in India. The fragmentation and isolation of dhole populations has resulted in inbreeding and the <a href="/wiki/Allee_effect" title="Allee effect">Allee effect</a>, which threaten its long-term viability.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some ethnic groups like the <a href="/wiki/Kuruba" title="Kuruba">Kuruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mon_Khmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon Khmer">Mon Khmer</a>-speaking tribes will appropriate dhole kills; some Indian villagers welcome the dhole because of this appropriation of dhole kills.<sup id="cite_ref-nowak1983_96-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowak1983-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dholes were persecuted throughout India for bounties until they were given protection by the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Protection_Act_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife Protection Act of 1972">Wildlife Protection Act of 1972</a>. Methods used for dhole hunting included poisoning, snaring, shooting and clubbing at den sites. Native Indian people killed dholes primarily to protect livestock, while British sporthunters during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> did so under the conviction that dholes were responsible for drops in <a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">game</a> populations. Persecution of dholes still occurs with varying degrees of intensity according to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bounties paid for dholes used to be 25 <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupees</a>, though this was reduced to 20 in 1926 after the number of presented dhole carcasses became too numerous to maintain the established reward.<sup id="cite_ref-f109_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f109-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indochinese dhole population suffers heavily from nonselective hunting techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Snaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Snaring">snaring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> does not pose a significant threat to the dhole.<sup id="cite_ref-Durbin2004_52-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durbin2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people of India do not eat dhole flesh and their fur is not considered overly valuable.<sup id="cite_ref-mivart1890_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mivart1890-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to their rarity, dholes were never harvested for their skins in large numbers in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and were sometimes accepted as dog or wolf pelts (being labeled as "half wolf" for the latter). The winter fur was prized by the Chinese, who bought dhole pelts in <a href="/wiki/Ussuriysk" title="Ussuriysk">Ussuriysk</a> during the late 1860s for a few silver <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">rubles</a>. In the early 20th century, dhole pelts reached eight rubles in <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Jetisu" title="Jetisu">Semirechye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fur_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur coat">fur coats</a> made from dhole skin were considered the warmest, but were very costly.<sup id="cite_ref-heptner1998_12-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, the dhole is protected under Schedule 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Protection_Act,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife Protection Act, 1972">Wildlife Protection Act, 1972</a>. The creation of reserves under <a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Project Tiger</a> provided some protection for dhole populations sympatric with tigers. In 2014, the Indian government sanctioned its first dhole conservation breeding centre at the <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Zoological_Park" title="Indira Gandhi Zoological Park">Indira Gandhi Zoological Park</a> (IGZP) in <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dhole has been protected in Russia since 1974, though it is vulnerable to poison left out for wolves. In China, the animal is listed as a category II protected species under the Chinese wildlife protection act of 1988. In <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, the dhole is protected from all hunting, while conservation laws in Vietnam limit extraction and utilisation.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the Korean company Sooam Biotech was reported to be attempting to clone the dhole using dogs as <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrogate mother">surrogate mothers</a> to help conserve the species.<sup id="cite_ref-NewScientist500_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewScientist500-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture_and_literature">In culture and literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In culture and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Rubel_Rothund.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1_Rubel_Rothund.gif/200px-1_Rubel_Rothund.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/1_Rubel_Rothund.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Kazakhstan_500RedWolf_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Coin_of_Kazakhstan_500RedWolf_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="169" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Kazakhstani tenge</a></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Encyclopaedia_-_Animal_Kingdom_-_pic171_-_%E8%B1%BA%E5%9C%96.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="In ancient China, dholes were known and were also present in mythology" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Imperial_Encyclopaedia_-_Animal_Kingdom_-_pic171_-_%E8%B1%BA%E5%9C%96.svg/220px-Imperial_Encyclopaedia_-_Animal_Kingdom_-_pic171_-_%E8%B1%BA%E5%9C%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Imperial_Encyclopaedia_-_Animal_Kingdom_-_pic171_-_%E8%B1%BA%E5%9C%96.svg/330px-Imperial_Encyclopaedia_-_Animal_Kingdom_-_pic171_-_%E8%B1%BA%E5%9C%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Imperial_Encyclopaedia_-_Animal_Kingdom_-_pic171_-_%E8%B1%BA%E5%9C%96.svg/440px-Imperial_Encyclopaedia_-_Animal_Kingdom_-_pic171_-_%E8%B1%BA%E5%9C%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="3025" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of a dhole from the Imperial Chinese Encyclopedia</figcaption></figure> <p>Three dhole-like animals are featured on the <a href="/wiki/Coping_(architecture)" title="Coping (architecture)">coping</a> stone of the <a href="/wiki/Bharhut" title="Bharhut">Bharhut</a> <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a> dating from 100 BC. They are shown waiting by a tree, with a woman or spirit trapped up it, a scene reminiscent of dholes <a href="/wiki/Treeing" title="Treeing">treeing</a> tigers.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The animal's fearsome reputation in India is reflected by the number of pejorative names it possesses in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, which variously translate as "red devil", "devil dog", "jungle devil", or "hound of <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-perry1965_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry1965-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Schrenck" title="Leopold von Schrenck">Leopold von Schrenck</a> had trouble obtaining dhole specimens during his exploration of <a href="/wiki/Amurland" class="mw-redirect" title="Amurland">Amurland</a>, as the local <a href="/wiki/Gilyaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilyaks">Gilyaks</a> greatly feared the species. This fear and superstition was not, however, shared by neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic peoples</a>. It was speculated that this differing attitude towards the dhole was due to the Tungusic peoples' more nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-schrenk1859_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schrenk1859-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dholes appear in <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dog_(Kipling_short_story)" title="Red Dog (Kipling short story)">Red Dog</a></i>, where they are portrayed as aggressive and bloodthirsty animals which descend from the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Seoni,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Seoni, Madhya Pradesh">Seeonee Hills</a> inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Mowgli" title="Mowgli">Mowgli</a> and his adopted wolf pack to cause carnage among the jungle's denizens. They are described as living in packs numbering hundreds of individuals, and that even <a href="/wiki/Shere_Khan" title="Shere Khan">Shere Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hathi" title="Hathi">Hathi</a> make way for them when they descend into the jungle. The dholes are despised by the wolves because of their destructiveness, their habit of not living in dens and the hair between their toes. With Mowgli and <a href="/wiki/Kaa" title="Kaa">Kaa</a>'s help, the Seeonee wolf pack manages to wipe out the dholes by leading them through bee hives and torrential waters before finishing off the rest in battle. </p><p>Japanese author Uchida Roan wrote <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">犬物語</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Inu monogatari</i></span>; A dog's tale) in 1901 as a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">nationalistic</a> critique of the declining popularity of indigenous dog breeds, which he asserted were descended from the dhole.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fictional version of the dhole, imbued with supernatural abilities, appears in a sixth-season episode of TV series <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i>, titled "<a href="/wiki/Alpha_(The_X-Files)" title="Alpha (The X-Files)">Alpha</a>". </p><p>In China, the dhole were widely known throughout history and mythology. One notable legendary creature is the <a href="/wiki/Nine_sons_of_the_dragon" title="Nine sons of the dragon">Yazi</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">睚眦</span></span>), which was believed to be a creature that was part-dhole, part-dragon. In modern times, however, the Chinese word for dhole (<span lang="zh">豺</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chái</span></i>) is often confused with 'jackal' or 'wolf', resulting in many confusions and mistranslations of dholes as jackals or wolves.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dholes also appear as enemies in the <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Far_Cry_4" title="Far Cry 4">Far Cry 4</a></i>, alongside other predators such as the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">honey badger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">snow leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">clouded leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan wolf">Tibetan wolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear</a>. They can be found hunting the player and other <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">NPCs</a> across the map, but are easily killed, being one of the weakest enemies in the game. They once again appear in the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Far_Cry_Primal" title="Far Cry Primal">Far Cry Primal</a></i>, where they play similar roles as their counterparts in the previous game, but can now also be tamed and used in combat by Takkar, the main protagonist of the game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tameability">Tameability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tameability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brian_Houghton_Hodgson" title="Brian Houghton Hodgson">Brian Houghton Hodgson</a> kept captured dholes in captivity, and found, with the exception of one animal, they remained shy and vicious even after 10 months.<sup id="cite_ref-mivart1890_115-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mivart1890-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Richard Lydekker</a>, adult dholes are nearly impossible to tame, though pups are docile and can even be allowed to play with domestic dog pups until they reach early adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lydekker1907-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dhole may have been presented as a gift to the Akkadian king <a href="/wiki/Ibbi-Sin" title="Ibbi-Sin">Ibbi-Sin</a> as tribute referred to in the inscription as the "red dog of Meluhha" or Indus Valley Civilization of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> suggesting a once greater range of the dhole.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Dog_Diaries" title="Wild Dog Diaries">Wild Dog Diaries</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mtdna_seq_desc-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mtdna_seq_desc_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a full set of supporting references refer to the note (a) in the phylotree at <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_wolf#Wolf-like_canids" title="Evolution of the wolf">Evolution of the wolf#Wolf-like canids</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKamler,_J.F.Songsasen,_N.Jenks,_K.Srivathsa,_A.2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kamler, J.F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L.; Kunkel, K. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/5953/72477893">"<i>Cuon alpinus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T5953A72477893. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T5953A72477893.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T5953A72477893.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Cuon+alpinus&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T5953A72477893&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T5953A72477893.en&rft.au=Kamler%2C+J.F.&rft.au=Songsasen%2C+N.&rft.au=Jenks%2C+K.&rft.au=Srivathsa%2C+A.&rft.au=Sheng%2C+L.&rft.au=Kunkel%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F5953%2F72477893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MWeb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MWeb_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dhole">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"dhole"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107071959/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dhole">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=%22dhole%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fdhole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColDict-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ColDict_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dhole">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"dhole"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Collins Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501140052/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dhole">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%22dhole%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fdhole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson,_T.1808" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, T. (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1BlcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Oriental field sports: being a complete, detailed, and accurate description of the wild sports of the East</i></a>. Vol. II. London: Orme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oriental+field+sports%3A+being+a+complete%2C+detailed%2C+and+accurate+description+of+the+wild+sports+of+the+East&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Orme&rft.date=1808&rft.au=Williamson%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1BlcAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith1827-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith1827_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_C._H.1827" class="citation book cs1">Smith, C. H. (1827). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/classmammalia21827cuvi#page/326/mode/2up/search/dhole"><i>The class Mammalia</i></a>. London: Geo. B. Whittaker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+class+Mammalia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Geo.+B.+Whittaker&rft.date=1827&rft.au=Smith%2C+C.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fclassmammalia21827cuvi%23page%2F326%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2Fdhole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith1839-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith1839_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_C._H.Jardine,_W.1839" class="citation book cs1">Smith, C. H.; Jardine, W. (1839). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/naturalhistoryof139smit#page/166/mode/2up"><i>The natural history of dogs: Canidae or genus canis of authors; including also the genera hyaena and proteles</i></a>. Vol. I. Edinburgh, UK: W.H. Lizars.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+natural+history+of+dogs%3A+Canidae+or+genus+canis+of+authors%3B+including+also+the+genera+hyaena+and+proteles&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+UK&rft.pub=W.H.+Lizars&rft.date=1839&rft.au=Smith%2C+C.+H.&rft.au=Jardine%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnaturalhistoryof139smit%23page%2F166%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrel2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Orel" title="Vladimir Orel">Orel, V.</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofgerman0000orel/page/81"><i>A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</i></a>, Leiden, DE; Boston, MA: Brill, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofgerman0000orel/page/81">81</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12875-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12875-0"><bdi>978-90-04-12875-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Germanic+Etymology&rft.place=Leiden%2C+DE%3B+Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12875-0&rft.aulast=Orel&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofgerman0000orel%2Fpage%2F81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lydekker1907-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lydekker1907_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydekker1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Lydekker, R.</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gameanimalsofind00lyde#page/360/mode/2up"><i>The game animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet</i></a>. London, UK: R. Ward Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+game+animals+of+India%2C+Burma%2C+Malaya%2C+and+Tibet&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=R.+Ward+Limited&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Lydekker&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgameanimalsofind00lyde%23page%2F360%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dhole">dhole</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224095139/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dhole">Archived</a> 24 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox1984">Fox 1984</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cohen1978-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen1978_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1978" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, James A. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3503800">"Cuon alpinus"</a>. <i>Mammalian Species</i> (100): 1–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3503800">10.2307/3503800</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503800">3503800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+Species&rft.atitle=Cuon+alpinus&rft.issue=100&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3503800&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3503800%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%252F3503800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heptner1998-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heptner1998_12-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeptner,_V._G.Naumov,_N._P.1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P., eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov211998gept#page/566/mode/2up">"Genus <i>Cuon</i> Hodgson, 1838"</a>. <i>Mammals of the Soviet Union</i>. Vol. (II. Part 1A: Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea Cows, Wolves, and Bears)). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution and National science Foundation. pp. 566–586. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886106-81-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-886106-81-9"><bdi>1-886106-81-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genus+Cuon+Hodgson%2C+1838&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=566-586&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+and+National+science+Foundation&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-886106-81-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmammalsofsov211998gept%23page%2F566%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perry1965-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perry1965_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry1965_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry1965_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry1965_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry,_R.1964" class="citation book cs1">Perry, R. (1964). <i>The World of the Tiger</i>. London: Cassell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Tiger&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Perry%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schrenk1859-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schrenk1859_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schrenk1859_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrenk1859" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Schrenck" title="Leopold von Schrenck">Schrenk, L. v.</a> (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/reisenundforschu0112schr#page/48/mode/2up">"<i>Canis alpinus</i>"</a>. <i>Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-lande in den jahren 1854–1856</i> (in German). St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 48–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canis+alpinus&rft.btitle=Reisen+und+Forschungen+im+Amur-lande+in+den+jahren+1854%E2%80%931856&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pages=48-50&rft.pub=Kaiserliche+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Schrenk&rft.aufirst=L.+v.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Freisenundforschu0112schr%23page%2F48%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pallas1811-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pallas1811_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pallas1811_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallas1811" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pallas, P. S. (1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/zoographiarossoa11831pall#page/34/mode/2up">"<i>Canis alpinus</i>"</a>. <i>Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica: Sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico, et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum</i> (in Latin). Petropoli: In officina Caes. Acadamiae Scientiarum Impress. pp. 34–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canis+alpinus&rft.btitle=Zoographia+Rosso-Asiatica%3A+Sistens+omnium+animalium+in+extenso+Imperio+Rossico%2C+et+adjacentibus+maribus+observatorum+recensionem%2C+domicilia%2C+mores+et+descriptiones%2C+anatomen+atque+icones+plurimorum&rft.place=Petropoli&rft.pages=34-35&rft.pub=In+officina+Caes.+Acadamiae+Scientiarum+Impress&rft.date=1811&rft.aulast=Pallas&rft.aufirst=P.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fzoographiarossoa11831pall%23page%2F34%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeptner,_V._G.Naumov,_N._P.1998" class="citation book cs1">Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P., eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov211998gept/page/570">"Red Wolf <i>Cuon alpinus</i> Pallas, 1811"</a>. <i>Mammals of the Soviet Union</i>. Vol. II. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution and National Science Foundation. Part 1A: Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea Cows, Wolves, and Bears), pp. 571–586.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Red+Wolf+Cuon+alpinus+Pallas%2C+1811&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=Part+1A%3A+Sirenia+and+Carnivora+%28Sea+Cows%2C+Wolves%2C+and+Bears%29%2C+pp.+571-586&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+and+National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmammalsofsov211998gept%2Fpage%2F570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgson1833" class="citation journal cs1">Hodgson, B. H. (1833). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/asiaticresearche181833cal#page/220/mode/2up">"Description and Characters of the Wild Dog of the Himalaya (<i>Canis primævus</i>)"</a>. <i>Asiatic Researches</i>. <b>XVIII</b> (2): 221–237, 235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asiatic+Researches&rft.atitle=Description+and+Characters+of+the+Wild+Dog+of+the+Himalaya+%28Canis+prim%C3%A6vus%29&rft.volume=XVIII&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-237%2C+235&rft.date=1833&rft.aulast=Hodgson&rft.aufirst=B.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fasiaticresearche181833cal%23page%2F220%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgson1842" class="citation journal cs1">Hodgson, B. H. (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/calcuttajournalo02mccl#page/204">"European notices of Indian canines, with further illustrations of the new genus <i>Cuon</i> vel <i>Chrysæus</i>"</a>. <i>Calcutta Journal of Natural History</i>. <b>II</b>: 205–209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calcutta+Journal+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=European+notices+of+Indian+canines%2C+with+further+illustrations+of+the+new+genus+Cuon+vel+Chrys%C3%A6us&rft.volume=II&rft.pages=205-209&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Hodgson&rft.aufirst=B.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcalcuttajournalo02mccl%23page%2F204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thenius1954-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thenius1954_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thenius1954_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThenius1955" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thenius, E. (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/OEZ_05_0377-0387.pdf">"Zur Abstammung der Rotwölfe (Gattung <i>Cuon</i> Hodgson)"</a> [On the origins of the dholes (Genus <i>Cuon</i> Hodgson)] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Österreichische Zoologische Zeitschrift</i> (in German). <b>5</b>: 377–388. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110114203/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/OEZ_05_0377-0387.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%96sterreichische+Zoologische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=Zur+Abstammung+der+Rotw%C3%B6lfe+%28Gattung+Cuon+Hodgson%29&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=377-388&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Thenius&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesmuseum.at%2Fpdf_frei_remote%2FOEZ_05_0377-0387.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kurten1968-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kurten1968_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtén,_B.1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bjorn_Kurten" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjorn Kurten">Kurtén, B.</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OsPBXSNL8ZkC&pg=PA111"><i>Pleistocene mammals of Europe</i></a>. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 111–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412845144" title="Special:BookSources/9781412845144"><bdi>9781412845144</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pleistocene+mammals+of+Europe&rft.pages=111-114&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=9781412845144&rft.au=Kurt%C3%A9n%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOsPBXSNL8ZkC%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ripoll2010-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ripoll2010_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipollMorales_PérezSanchis_SerraAura_Tortosa2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ripoll, M.P.R.; Morales Pérez, J.V.; Sanchis Serra, A.; et al. 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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paleoitalia.org/media/u/archives/07.Petrucci_et_al._2012_BSPI_512_1.pdf">"The Middle-Late Pleistocene <i>Cuon</i> Hodgson, 1838 (Carnivora, Canidae) from Italy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana</i>. <b>51</b> (2): 146. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102034611/http://paleoitalia.org/media/u/archives/07.Petrucci_et_al._2012_BSPI_512_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bollettino+della+Societ%C3%A0+Paleontologica+Italiana&rft.atitle=The+Middle-Late+Pleistocene+Cuon+Hodgson%2C+1838+%28Carnivora%2C+Canidae%29+from+Italy&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=146&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Petrucci%2C+M.&rft.au=Romiti%2C+S.&rft.au=Sardella%2C+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaleoitalia.org%2Fmedia%2Fu%2Farchives%2F07.Petrucci_et_al._2012_BSPI_512_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taron2021-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taron2021_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taron2021_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaronPaijmansBarlowPreick2021" class="citation journal cs1">Taron, U.H.; Paijmans, J.L.A.; Barlow, A.; et al. 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Inger on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday"</a>. <i>Fieldiana Zoology</i>. 42: 6–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fieldiana+Zoology&rft.atitle=The+contribution+of+archaeology+to+the+zoogeography+of+Borneo+%3A+with+the+first+record+of+a+wild+canid+of+Early+Holocene+Age+%3B+a+contribution+in+celebration+of+the+distinguished+scholarship+of+Robert+F.+Inger+on+the+occasion+of+his+sixty-fifth+birthday&rft.pages=6-24&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Cranbrook&rft.aufirst=Earl+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontributionofar42earl%2Fpage%2Fn9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchoaPazLewisCarlos2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ochoa, J.; Paz, V.; Lewis, H.; et al. 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Cornell University Press, p. 85, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801463246" title="Special:BookSources/0801463246">0801463246</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1991" class="citation journal cs1">Schafer, Edward H. 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(2008). <i>The ancient Indus Valley: new perspectives</i>, p. 130, ABC-CLIO, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-907-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-907-4">1-57607-907-4</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox1984" class="citation book cs1">Fox, M.W. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V8qMs6x-PhUC"><i>The Whistling Hunters: Field Studies of the Asiatic Wild Dog (</i>Cuon alpinus<i>)</i></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9524390-6-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9524390-6-6"><bdi>978-0-9524390-6-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Whistling+Hunters%3A+Field+Studies+of+the+Asiatic+Wild+Dog+%28Cuon+alpinus%29&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-9524390-6-6&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=M.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV8qMs6x-PhUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaranth2006" class="citation book cs1">Karanth, U.K. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W6ks4b0l7NgC"><i>A View From the Machan</i></a>. Karnataka: Permanent Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-1782413-7-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-1782413-7-1"><bdi>978-8-1782413-7-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+View+From+the+Machan&rft.place=Karnataka&rft.pub=Permanent+Black&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-8-1782413-7-1&rft.aulast=Karanth&rft.aufirst=U.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW6ks4b0l7NgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhole" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhole&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/dhole" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/dhole">dhole</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuon.net/dholes/">Dhole Home Page</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919112743/http://www.cuon.net:80/dholes">Archive</a>)</li> <li>ARKive – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060313170514/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Cuon_alpinus/">images and movies of the dhole</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/radical-conservation/2015/jun/25/dhole-asia-endangered-tiger-ignored">Saving the dhole: The forgotten 'badass' Asian dog more endangered than tigers</a>, <i>The Guardian</i> (25 June 2015)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608190250/http://public.fotki.com/msandeep/wild-dogs---bandipur/">Photos of dhole in Bandipur</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia_(&quot;cat-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("cat-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feliformia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (<i>Nandinia binotata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell's vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous's mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&quot;dog-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cuon alpinus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132585" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q132585">Q132585</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cuon alpinus">Cuon alpinus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/cuon-alpinus/">cuon-alpinus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1882">1882</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=73506">73506</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3075">3075</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/328688">328688</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2434317">2434317</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42101">42101</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10856319">10856319</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183831">183831</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/5953">5953</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005949">1005949</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000793">14000793</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000376566">NHMSYS0000376566</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=68730">68730</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/80328/">80328</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=313163">313163</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=45383">45383</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/5289">5289</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=5499">5499</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Canis alpinus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109647079" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q109647079">Q109647079</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/QLX5">QLX5</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/8462">8462</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7705729">7705729</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=998399">998399</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/92207BB9-A501-4F50-99B3-61F22B885AE1">92207BB9-A501-4F50-99B3-61F22B885AE1</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132585#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" 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