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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Christian theologies on the subject of the human body. For <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a>'s theological lectures on this field of theology, see <a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Body" title="Theology of the Body">Theology of the Body</a>.</div> <p>The <b>theology of the body</b> is a term used in <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a> to refer to the teaching of various <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a> on the human body as it relates to God and the church. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Church_Fathers">Church Fathers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Church Fathers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Good_shepherd_02b_close.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Good_shepherd_02b_close.jpg/210px-Good_shepherd_02b_close.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Good_shepherd_02b_close.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><i>The Shepherd of Hermas</i>, or the <a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a>, 3rd century, <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome" title="Catacombs of Rome">Catacombs of Rome</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Early_Church_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church Fathers">Early Church Fathers</a> wrote extensively on the theology of the body, especially with regard to <a href="/wiki/Christian_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian marriage">Christian marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ignatius of Antioch">Saint Ignatius of Antioch</a> (died A.D. 108) taught that "It is right for men and women who marry to be united with the bishop's approval. In that way their marriage will follow God's will and not the promotings of lust. Let everything be done so as to advance God's honor."<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He emphasized marriage as a component of the baptismal commitments of Christian couples.<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="The Shepherd of Hermas">The Shepherd of Hermas</a></i>, authored in the second century, forbids spouses to remarry after a divorce has occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It furthermore encouraged reconciliation among divorced spouses in cases of adultery.<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While permitting marriage after the death of a spouse, it taught that a widow/widower who remained single "gains...more extraordinary honor and great glory with the Lord."<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Justin_Martyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Justin Martyr">Saint Justin Martyr</a> (A.D. 100–165) distinguished between the sexual promiscuity of the pagan Romans and "the behavior of Christians whom he said only marry for the sake of bringing up children."<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this era, Christians who did not wish to have children "renounced marriage" and lived in "perfect continence".<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Athenagoras_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Athenagoras of Athens">Saint Athenagoras of Athens</a> (A.D. 133–190) taught that "According to our laws, each of us thinks of the woman he has married as his wife only for the purpose of bearing children. For as the farmer casts his seed on the soil and awaits the harvest without sowing over it, so we limit the pleasure of intercourse to bearing children."<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The views held by Saint Justin Martyr and Saint Athenagoras of Athens were held by the early Christians, who held that the purpose of marriage "was the procreation and education of children", opposing "engaging in sexual activity for the hedonistic pursuit of pleasure."<sup id="cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a> (A.D. 240—320) "extolled marriage as a sublime and essential expression of Christian love":<sup id="cite_ref-Witte2012_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witte2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He rejected the old Jewish laws of sexual purity in the name of Christian freedom, allowing sexual intercourse and intimacy with one's spouse even during menstruation and pregnancy. And he urged older or sterile couples to maintain healthy sex lives, even after the window of fertility had closed. This not only protected the couple from sexual sin but also fostered in them mutual love and harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-Witte2012_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witte2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Lactantius' views were characteristic of other contemporary Church Fathers, such as <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Witte2012_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witte2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_by_Christian_denomination">Teaching by Christian denomination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Teaching by Christian denomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Catholic theology on the body</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a>, "God intends for sex to express the mutual self-giving of a man and woman joined in marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-Salai2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salai2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Body" title="Theology of the Body">Theology of the Body</a></i>, taught that the Bible encourages Christians to "experience the joys of physical union as a sign of the deeper spiritual union of marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-Salai2014_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salai2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lutheranism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a> emphasize the role of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>, who has sanctified the bodies of Christians to be a temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reinke2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amongst His creation was included the human body, which God called "very good".<sup id="cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reinke2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The importance of the human body was delineated in the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">bodily resurrection of Jesus</a>, in which Christ arose from the dead in his body, not just in spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reinke2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Lutheran theology, this is important with respect to the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of the dead">resurrection of the dead</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reinke2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is for this reason that the Lutheran Churches have historically discouraged the practice of <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reinke2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methodism">Methodism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Methodism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Methodist_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist theology">Methodist theology</a> emphasizes seven pillars that substantiate the theology of the body:<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>God's creation is good and therefore trustworthy.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>, the first book of the <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, God's creation is called good seven times, the Biblical number of perfection.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The physical body points to spiritual mysteries, chiefly the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">incarnation of Jesus</a>, in which Jesus entered the world in the form of a human body.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is emphasized when Jesus declares (from <a href="/wiki/Psalm_40" title="Psalm 40">Psalm 40</a>:6) "a body you have prepared for me” (cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#10:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 10:5</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Means_of_grace" title="Means of grace">means of grace</a> occur through the human body:</li></ol> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As Wesleyans, it is also important to understand that all of the “means of grace” happen in and through the body. Our bodies are baptized. We take communion with our mouths. We hear the preaching of God’s word with our ears. Our eyes read God’s word. Our bodies are not only pointers to the incarnation, but the ongoing bridges by which God continues to extend his grace into the world. Charles Wesley captured this beautifully in his hymn Celebrate Immanuel’s Name, writing, “God is in our flesh revealed; heaven and earth in Jesus join / mortal with immortal filled, and human with divine.”<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <ol><li>Our bodies are designed to be relational.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_of_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian views of marriage">Holy Matrimony</a> points to the mystery of "Christ and the Church".<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beginning and end of Sacred Scripture is with marriage, with Adam and Eve being wed in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Revelation_of_Saint_John_the_Divine" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation of Saint John the Divine">Revelation of Saint John the Divine</a> culminating "in the marriage supper of the Lamb where Christ is eternally wed to his church".<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Childbearing points to the mystery of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bearing of children allows humans to synergistically participate with God in the act of creation of new life, with humans being made in the <a href="/wiki/Imago_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Imago Dei">image of God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The threefold nature of the father, mother and children points to the Holy Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Celibacy points humans to life in the hereafter as “in the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage” <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#12:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 12:25</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Methodist theology, marriage is not an end in and of itself as the ultimate goal is eternal union with Jesus Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humans who are living the celibate life "are already living out the future reality in the present."<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul">Saint Paul</a> teaches Christians to "practice temporary celibacy within the state of marriage (1 Cor. 7:5)."<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The sacramental nature of the human body is for the <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelisation</a> of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is revealed to others when Christians go out in the world in their <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a> bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sacrament of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a> "mysteriously transforms us into spiritual bread for a hungry and needy world."<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The sacramental nature of the human body "transforms the whole of ordinary life."<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daily tasks such as washing dishes and folding clothes are the "means by which we can develop liturgical rhythms in our daily lives" and allow Christians to say to others “this is my body, given for you.”<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It destroys the <a href="/wiki/False_dichotomy" class="mw-redirect" title="False dichotomy">false dichotomy</a> of the sacred and secular, bringing God into all spheres of human life.<sup id="cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anthropology" title="Christian anthropology">Christian anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_psychology" title="Christian psychology">Christian psychology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cahall2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cahall2016_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCahall2016" class="citation book cs1">Cahall, Perry J. (2016). <i>The Mystery of Marriage: A Theology of the Body and the Sacrament</i>. Liturgy Training Publications. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59525-040-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59525-040-7"><bdi>978-1-59525-040-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Marriage%3A+A+Theology+of+the+Body+and+the+Sacrament&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Liturgy+Training+Publications&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-59525-040-7&rft.aulast=Cahall&rft.aufirst=Perry+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheology+of+the+body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Witte2012-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Witte2012_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Witte2012_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Witte2012_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitte2012" class="citation book cs1">Witte, John (31 January 2012). <i>From Sacrament to Contract, Second Edition: Marriage, Religion, and Law in the Western Tradition</i>. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. p. 59-60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61164-192-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61164-192-9"><bdi>978-1-61164-192-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sacrament+to+Contract%2C+Second+Edition%3A+Marriage%2C+Religion%2C+and+Law+in+the+Western+Tradition&rft.pages=59-60&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft.isbn=978-1-61164-192-9&rft.aulast=Witte&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheology+of+the+body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salai2014-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salai2014_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salai2014_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalai2014" class="citation web cs1">Salai, Sean (27 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/content/all-things/theology-body-reconsidered">"The Theology of the Body Reconsidered"</a>. <a href="/wiki/America_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="America Magazine">America Magazine</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Theology+of+the+Body+Reconsidered&rft.pub=America+Magazine&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft.aulast=Salai&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Fcontent%2Fall-things%2Ftheology-body-reconsidered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheology+of+the+body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reinke2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reinke2018_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinke2018" class="citation web cs1">Reinke, Langdon (18 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beautifulsaviorspokane.org/2018/09/18/cremation-and-a-theology-of-the-body/">"Cremation and a theology of the body"</a>. Beautiful Savior Lutheran Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cremation+and+a+theology+of+the+body&rft.pub=Beautiful+Savior+Lutheran+Church&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft.aulast=Reinke&rft.aufirst=Langdon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beautifulsaviorspokane.org%2F2018%2F09%2F18%2Fcremation-and-a-theology-of-the-body%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheology+of+the+body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tennent2021-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tennent2021_5-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTennent2021" class="citation web cs1">Tennent, Timothy C. (8 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://firebrandmag.com/articles/rediscovering-a-theology-of-the-body">"Rediscovering a Theology of the Body"</a>. Firebrand Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rediscovering+a+Theology+of+the+Body&rft.pub=Firebrand+Magazine&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft.aulast=Tennent&rft.aufirst=Timothy+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffirebrandmag.com%2Farticles%2Frediscovering-a-theology-of-the-body&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheology+of+the+body" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radicalreformation.com/the-heartbeat-of-the-remnant/277-marriage,-divorce,-and-remarriage/40-divorce-and-also-remarriage-in-the-early-church">Divorce and also Remarriage in the Early Church by Dean Taylor - Radical Reformation</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&oldid=1189785605">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theology_of_the_body&oldid=1189785605</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_anthropology" title="Category:Christian anthropology">Christian anthropology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_theology" title="Category:Christian theology">Christian theology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 December 2023, at 00:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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