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interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="جون راندولف براى - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون راندولف براى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Randolph_Bray" title="John Randolph Bray - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Randolph Bray" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Randolph_Bray" title="John Randolph Bray - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Randolph Bray" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Randolph_Bray" title="John Randolph Bray - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Randolph Bray" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جان رندولف بری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان رندولف بری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Randolph_Bray" title="John Randolph Bray - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Randolph Bray" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Randolph_Bray" title="John Randolph Bray - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Randolph Bray" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Randolph_Bray" title="John Randolph Bray - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="John Randolph Bray" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Randolph_Bray,_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/John_Randolph_Bray%2C_1915.jpg/220px-John_Randolph_Bray%2C_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/John_Randolph_Bray%2C_1915.jpg/330px-John_Randolph_Bray%2C_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/John_Randolph_Bray%2C_1915.jpg/440px-John_Randolph_Bray%2C_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>John Randolph Bray, 1915</figcaption></figure> <p><b>John Randolph Bray</b> (<a href="/wiki/Addison_(contea_di_Lenawee,_Michigan)" title="Addison (contea di Lenawee, Michigan)">Addison</a>, <a href="/wiki/25_agosto" title="25 agosto">25 agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport" title="Bridgeport">Bridgeport</a>, <a href="/wiki/10_ottobre" title="10 ottobre">10 ottobre</a> <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Animazione" title="Animazione">animatore</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fumetto" title="Fumetto">fumettista</a> <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">statunitense</a>, noto soprattutto per essere il fondatore dei <a href="/wiki/The_Bray_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bray Studio">Bray studios</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colonel_Heeza_Liar_and_the_Bandits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Colonel_Heeza_Liar_and_the_Bandits.jpg/220px-Colonel_Heeza_Liar_and_the_Bandits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Colonel_Heeza_Liar_and_the_Bandits.jpg/330px-Colonel_Heeza_Liar_and_the_Bandits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Colonel_Heeza_Liar_and_the_Bandits.jpg/440px-Colonel_Heeza_Liar_and_the_Bandits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>Colonel Heeza Liar and the Bandits 1916 (fotogramma)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bray è stato uno degli animatori più importanti, se non il più importante con il suo studio d'animazione nel periodo pre- e post- <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale">prima guerra mondiale</a>, nonché uno dei pionieri dell'animazione cinematografica. </p><p>Fu il fondatore dei <a href="/wiki/The_Bray_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bray Studio">Bray Productions</a>, che è stato uno dei primi studi interamente dedicato all'animazione (insieme a <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Barr%C3%A9" title="Raoul Barré">Raoul Barré</a> che aveva anche lui fondato uno studio di animazione nello stesso periodo, ancora oggi non si conosce chi dei due ha ottenuto il primato). </p><p>Bray ha iniziato la sua carriera come disegnatore di fumetti per giornali, con il fumetto <i>Singing Sammy</i> intorno al 1907, ma dopo poco tempo ha deciso di dedicarsi al nascente cinema d'animazione. I suoi primi film sono stati pubblicati nel 1913. </p><p>Ha fondato i suoi studi di animazione nel 1914 con la collaborazione di <a href="/wiki/Paul_Terry" title="Paul Terry">Paul Terry</a> e <a href="/wiki/Earl_Hurd" title="Earl Hurd">Earl Hurd</a> entrati nel suo studio un anno dopo. </p><p>Insieme a Hurd, ha semplificato la produzione dei cartoni animati utilizzando l'animazione cel conosciuta anche come tecnica del "<a href="/wiki/Rodovetro" title="Rodovetro">Rodovetro</a>" e altre tecniche come lo "<a href="/wiki/Slash" title="Slash">Slash</a>" che hanno contribuito a trasformare la pura arte "sbalorditiva" dell'animazione in una e vera e propria azienda (questi insegnamenti insieme a quelli di <a href="/wiki/Winsor_McCay" title="Winsor McCay">Winsor McCay</a> hanno ispirato <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> per creare il suo primo Studios). </p><p>Con Terry, ha pubblicato la serie a cartoni animati <i>Farmer AlFalfa</i> o <i><a href="/wiki/Farmer_Al_Falfa" title="Farmer Al Falfa">Farmer Al Falfa</a></i>, serie popolarissima fino all'arrivo di <i><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a></i>. </p><p>Gli studi inoltre hanno impiegato artisti come Carl Anderson e i fratelli Fleisher (<a href="/wiki/Max_Fleischer" title="Max Fleischer">Max</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dave_Fleischer" title="Dave Fleischer">Dave</a>). </p><p>Gli studi di Bray lavorarono a pieno regime fino agli anni venti, dopo di che subirono un lento declino, rimase in piedi solo il ramo educativo/commerciale della società, la Brayco o Bray & Co, che continuò a realizzare pellicole per lo più dal 1920 fino alla sua chiusura nel 1963. </p><p>Bray morì il 10 ottobre del 1978 all'età di 99 anni a Bridgeport in Connecticut, USA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produzioni">Produzioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Produzioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Produzioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm/220px--How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="593" data-mwtitle="How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_(1919).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_(1919).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm/How_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHow_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm&lang=el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="el" label="Ελληνικά ‪(el)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHow_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHow_Animated_Cartoons_Are_Made_%281919%29.webm&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /></video></span><figcaption><i>How Animated Cartoons Are Made</i> (1919).</figcaption></figure> <p>Il primo cartoon completo (con live action in cui recita lo stesso Bray e sua moglie Margaret Bray<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) di Bray fu <a href="/wiki/The_Artist%27s_Dream" title="The Artist's Dream">The Artist's Dream</a> (The Daschund and the Sausage), noto anche come "The One With the Dog Exploding Wiener" del 1910<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e pubblicato nel 1913<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (anche se alcune fonti indicano queste date una mera trovata pubblicitaria per far avere a Bray e alla <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a>, la società che produsse e distribuì la pellicola, un primato su <a href="/wiki/Winsor_McCay" title="Winsor McCay">Winsor McCay</a> e il suo cortometraggiio <a href="/wiki/Little_Nemo" title="Little Nemo">Little Nemo</a> del 1911, non appare affatto plausibile che un cartone prodotto venga distribuito tre anni dopo "senza motivo"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nel 'The Artist's Dream' viene adoperata per la prima volta la tecnica del riutilizzo del fondale, (la tecnica del <a href="/wiki/Rodovetro" title="Rodovetro">Rodovetro</a> o cels)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La Bray Pictures produsse il cortometraggio <a href="/wiki/The_debut_of_Thomas_Cat" title="The debut of Thomas Cat">The debut of Thomas Cat</a>, considerato il primo cartone animato interamente a colori. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_esterni">Video esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Video esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Video esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DFgvqA1eCw"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Artist's Dream video su Youtube ,visto il 19/03/2012</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">youtube.com</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0002639/">IMDb - The Artist's Dreams (1913)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmreference.com/Writers-and-Production-Artists-Bo-Ce/Bray-J-R.html#b">J. R. Bray - Writer - Films as Animator (Selected List):, Publications</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.answers.com/topic/john-randolph-bray">John Randolph Bray: Biography from Answers.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/109528-Artists_Dreams.html">The Artist's Dreams (The Artist's Dream , The Dachshund and the Sausage) (1913) Theatrical Cartoon</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Before Mickey: the animated film, 1898-1928, pag 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/animatedfilms.html">Animated Films</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Donald Crafton, <i>Before Mickey: the animated film 1898-1928</i>, University of Chicago Press 1993</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:John Randolph Bray"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Randolph_Bray?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Randolph_Bray?uselang=it">John Randolph Bray</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Randolph_Bray&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4774895A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di John Randolph Bray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350780#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mymovies.it/persone/wd/140408"><span style="font-style:italic;">John Randolph Bray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/MYmovies.it" title="MYmovies.it">MYmovies.it</a></span>, Mo-Net Srl.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350780#P9995" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/Name?nm0106218"><span style="font-style:italic;">John Randolph Bray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></span>, IMDb.com.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350780#P345" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmovie.com/artist/p230092"><span style="font-style:italic;">John Randolph Bray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/All_Media_Network" title="All Media Network">All Media Network</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350780#P2019" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lambiek.net/artists/b/bray_jr.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Scheda su JRbray</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">lambiek.net</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1292593784">1292593784</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di biografie</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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